FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE NATIONAL OFFICE OF VITAL STATISTICS SUMMARY OF INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS 1937-1944 Prepared under the supervision of HALBERT L. DUNN, M.D. Chief, National Office of Vital Statistics UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1947 CONTENTS Int rOUCL ION. ovine hein u ininsine sion snes suiwnninie si sie sine sins nine sinns sansa esses sess snissisiesesseaieneivave HiStOr ye eeoeoeeesaoasssoeessssesnessestaoseosssssnssessosssssssscnssesssssssasssnssosscsssonssnssse Purpose Of this TepOrb.ceceeceeeeeeeeeacessesenssososescssssosnssncsosssssoscsasssosssnscscasnns Scope, method, and sources of this report..ccccceccecescessecceccesoseesseccssciosccnssccvsnnns Qualifications Of the data.eeeecseseocsersacsnsssnsnviosssssarssssssnssssssssssntssssessvensvsesnnns Errors in total population estimateS....cececeescscececesesesosessecsocososssascsescscsnscssnns’ Underregistration of vital statisticSeeeceererseeececoacececesanrcecncossessnsssescssccassnnans Variations in definitions, classification and tabulation procedures.....ceceececccccccsecacccsn Lag between the occurrence of an event and its registration.....ceceeeeeeccecscesccccanaces AEE TePOrtiNgeceecsceseseseassssssneasvssssssssesssssssssssssssessessscccscssssacsssnnsscsnn Infantwdeath reporting. .«csceesssaseessssasionnsssnssnsasssssssisiassscsossssinssncsvssasscssnss Cause—~of~death reporting. cccecsecseeessssesesssecscssssssssessscssssssssscsssssssssssssnsssns Age—-sex composition of the population...ceeeeecceeceesoscresesoscesssosssssosssscasessssssssnscns POPULALIiON ae seeesessesscrsseassssestasesssssesossssssssocssssssscsssssosssnssssssssnsssassssaancnns CENSUS IAALBE vl « siviio sivnsin sire ss iionmniineeninsvy eb oressseviesee vasees vin eenesiseieiias eieiesienios DENSItYeoeeeesacaceetseracatssesstsessseseesossssssessssssassssssssscscssssssocssssssatossssessnes Population SiZE..sssvsscsecetacenesssnssssssscsatsssssasnssesssssssssssssasesssasesensssscsnssses Population growth. ceeeeeiesiienateesrasesssissssenosessesssnseqeancssssenissacsosssnsasssanash Population characteristics. .cceceesscecesnsesetrnreesececeasssssanscecsssssosesssssncnsasssannsca ABE. ceseeseannrsseraraossassasasocnssenssssasscenossessssesacnssssasisessssesssnsesassessssansns Marital StatuS.cccevriscrvnnscvesnsdorsvisronssonssesnsnoiasehsnssesesessesisnsessiesissensensie NatalitYeeecesonescesssssnscassvaesnsinssnsnssissnsose nsessssessvsassesssesssvssassasensosssiocnsosenes Trend of crude rates, up to World War Il....cieeeeesecesssassscsssncssscsessssassesssssssassnssns Birth rate trends during 1940-1944. ...cceceeeccescsacnssserssscsncssencscsssssssscasssssavsassons Geographic variations in the level of the crude birth rate.....ececiieecceececcececcesnncncenne Relationship between marital status of population and crude birth rat€.cccececececececccaccacss Age-limited birth rates...c.cceeeeeeeecccenesteteeesecstsseseseassssssccssssssssassncssscsassans Age—-Specific birth ralesS...eceecsesescscsescensesssesessscessesancasessssssasssssassasascessens Crude irates of natural Increase... sscsvsirsisssssnssssonnssssesenssnsveeesenivesassiaiessseeeeeessne Gross and net reproduction rates......cceeeeceeieeriieiitiiciccetcetectcnttncinecetscennnoninnns General MOrtalityeeecececeeeeeaeecaeseseeseeseocncseseeruaesoassssosccsscaseoscscscesonsssocsnsssnnnss Trend. Of 'Crude IaleS. cece ssesvisnvenennsnsisvensenionsvaissiensiseeessesiossessessesisansinsansisassasisy Death rate trends during 1940-1944. .ceeevesesssrasscsesnssssnsssssssasssnsesssnssnssasessansnssanis WAT 105865 ss evennesnssssesessnsonnssesssasssenstsnsssessvsssssinssssnsiasnsasssssvansssnnsven Geographic variations in the level of the crude death rate.....ececeeeeeesceesesceesesscssccsscns Age-adjusted mortality INGICeS.. oes cerseirsnsivesvinsnessivosvneianeesssvsioneninesseslssisieiesiveslsision Age-specific death rates iceecceeccteitcenetrencesstsscesscenssssssnnssssssssnsessssnnsssssnssnas Sex GIfferenceS scscssssscsssnnsssnnessissassinessosonsosssssennesssnnessissesisissolssihioseislsnts Highest age-specific death rates reported...esesesesssrcscsesssisossenrnsssessvacssvensessces Optimum age-specific death rales... ecesssnsvesvsessssscasonessnsvstovnsiosoneelsaniessesstesesas Infant mMorLalily. sete ss vscesicianainisssivesioenansnonioasienseinnessesoseseneinnnssssienseseessissveueioions Prensa sissovssveninsssenenessnsssnussniesennsnsionsessessssivessseensesiaeseiossseeisiniesiesiveieission 1940 variations dn irifant mortality... veise cvs sive vsiveviniss ves valve sesiesiol son siainereisniss oie ails Childhood MOThal ily ese vvscsvsnsivinnnsms sve envision sissies vaoesnmsivesoessseitoesioaitienisisnsson Maternal MOTEaliby ve ves nine saviainos/iivnsnnoivinseiv onions sesssesasnson ete ns viansssseessees sess Other causes Of Get. ots sia seis disinies san vinsnsnneessenivessionsesesessssivessssinveessie sissies Trend of selected causes of Aeath.... ce seisesvsvrssesssosnvnesivenssssovsiseenseesoeensioisios sion Tuberculosis esse crs sconces sic vnesinse 43,018 3 ails asin nmin v's su a ninin 0 nue wee sim sinis vimisie v0 nn elnisleinleinin snly CONIOEY «aie s's cas tien ais sin mnleninnieisioge rusts snvninesin nesses snndioesiiensivoiinsisivieen spicy selevieewe TYPHOID LOVEL. vis snsessos sve ossssianssiesisneessnsnssssinsssvseniesesysvesesessessesnsssesssioiosee Cerebrospinal meningitis. cee. esserssesncsnenssineasonnsisesecsssiesaseneessioinssisnseeiioeisssiene SCaTIel LOVE evs vain csv sie senna nvisnnitinne sninesninisnies sassnnieuisssinssisv eens sioeisisisiinielsiesleisiptels WhOODING COUN. cscsescesssonssssvsssisniossnastosionesvisesvesnnesssesisoiensseesesisserssessiseye DiDHENBI LB. . v assis sass svensnsiesssvvinasesivnsiessvesvnnsensssveeossieieniesmdioeus seis eosin INTINENEE ween sein sinsissinisiein sins sas esnssessiseins ssssoneuntonsesseenssssenneinsvssivieisvisealeseinss SMALLPOX u's 's s dinisisis wis einain b viv vsnnnnaniessseinieins sion ss sesiesansivevesesevies visions sastneineiniosiesvivnaniny CAS BG sis sus sininioien cio aieiss eteainis nines wn alsiveie bine nn a dive ats ome es ese inessiviarsieninialsisieicicisle s iylierelsicts Poliomyelitis cecsceccnestsnnssenccatsssnionssessssensnssonsssnsenssnassessassssbaniassnasevsnn Tll-defined and UTKNOWN COUSEE. ev vss sviesmsinsie sales ss snnsneiseesesesssisisions eine serelseseseiseseinions 111 M600140 Y BNET 7 TE IV : CONTENTS / LIONZEVELY woes 4 enn nisie sin sisisinininiwsininis sisia sisaio/s ete sin ia siainis slutaln es sores vie wiala's a wie pine oe ipiareie s via wiles oie/a les alefe’s ey ole ENUDEEALITT os vvinsonsssnssvnnanss Freese nro e nine RE aE FR em OB Trend of the crude MATTIEge Tole. dive cess ves vnit sinuses vs bseise ns sianiows nuns seein sions naisioteis 1940 -varistionsiin the level 0 the marriage Tole. ccs. sess ss sivicviesavninesiae vives sian esse essere Static marital stalus. cess versio vinsvsveeees soe Sa ui seins nln we sia a enn win sini® stele eniabe ile @ nse ties Divorce and the divorce ralai rei ves svescisveisinne ols noise avian sass ss pns sininweson oe sass iss siete Level of ‘the divorce rate... . ve de viiesine csdiivosienvees ss ols wninie vinnie ain 'e wie ardly oeiale a n nls a winie dele lore List of significant dates in the wartime history of selected European countrie€S......cececeeess oe, Tabulariindex to reference tabled... cuss sve ssansvselsiveesaraessoensionssnnsonsionsssreneses cess sanasienn FIGURES Figure i. Population:density in 66 countries: Recenh Year.... sees sesessvasnonesinsnnnosnnsnionisiosneos 2. Percentage change in‘population size and natural increase as percent of population in base year, for R2 countries: (1920/21-1940/4L. vs. sien ssissnesss seis iv vaninsisinesnniainninsalens 3. Percent of population under 20 years of age in 37 countries at time of latest census......... 4. Trend of crude birth rates in 47 countries: 1912-1944...... loin slain nis ola s nis sin inie s sinieininin s telnleieloil 5. + Crude birth rates in 59 countries: 1940.....c.... fa eie cain oie ie iain iuin vn wie 00 nin ¥ wien wie le Sinie woe ain inte 6. Trend of crude death rates in 47 countries: 1900-10880 os aay ae Cries iain ele aie.e sv. 6 sieisleialele 7. Crude death rates in 59 countries: 1940.......... Teale aie dy ye eerie nia a wale es via whine ieee ele 8. Average annual death rates, specific for age and sex, for the United States, Denmark, Japan, and Chile! 1989-1041. 5s eiissie sss o'sinsinininvinsie sininies's sesesssnsas iss seieinle avers vase soviene 9. | ‘Trend of infant mortality rates in 45 countries: = 1912-1944. .cccvteeeccsescsnsecssssnsssnsane 10. “Infant mortality rates in 60 countries: 1940.4 ..ecssesvsrsnnssosensanssveesnvenesionsesssnsieie 11. Percentage of total deaths under 1 year, and under 5 years of age in 32 countries: Recent iperiof. sles sss eninsissionah seein sianessssininistssaseinssisenssesissionsinssesinseeeesvlesiceneeseee 12. Trend of maternal mortality in 33 countries: 1920-1944... sscesssviasesntvesanesiocessnne soos .13. Maternal mortality rates in 47 countries: 1940...........c.... tesecsttaeasanes cecneens cehenee 14. "Heart disease death rates in 40 countriest '1940.. cs ccervsssssnresenssennseamesasensebnnesace 15. ‘Trend of tuberculosis 'déath rates in 34 countries: 1920-1044... veesessissinsasseinsessisnemssains 16. Tuberculosis’ deathirates in 47 countries 1940... ueedessscsiscsnisness’snssnesseionsisioiss omens 17. “Trend of cancer death rates in 30 countries: 1920-1944. ...cccseccnecsrsonsisnseneineeseeeesoe 18. ‘Cancer death rates in 46 countries: 1940. ..ccesceesssaisssossssnsesvsnnns aiare ss Hib 0s ie leialeinie a 19. Trend of crude marriage rates in 42 countries: 1926-1944... cc ceesssisomsvsssversveinnsnsnnse 20." Crudemarriaoge rates in 59 countries: 1940... .essciicnsennsnevianesssanbineenvesiesensssssiosse 1. i Divoree rates in 31: countries: Recent period..sss«svssssssessssnrsionssivemnsscesanossevpinivne 3 TABLES . Table 1. Dates of population censuses: 64 specified countries, 1900-1946....cceveceeerscscrecascsnnas 2. Population, area, and population density: 64 specified countries, selected years.....eeeee.. pas." Population: 164 specified countries, 1937-044. escesrsstoressinscsinesnoinsesiovesssnsesesionisssi 4. Population by age and sex: 38 specified countries, selected YearS...eeeseeesesseecsceeesaens 5. Enumerated population (15 years of age and over) by sex and marital status: 42; specified countries, CONSE OATS. veces sis ne tinrssnsesonsnncisssessvideseisinsessnisnesiessintees 6. Percent distribution of enumerated population (15 years and over) by sex and marital statuses 142. specified countries, Consus Fear. vars asses evnsosevosssen eins senend es enaieses 7. Percent of single population in each age group 15 years and over, by sex: 40 specified countries, latest CoONBUS FEAT i i. ieerevivsassrssnsnsssssivvcinsesevinioeesednee ; 8. Number of births reported: 64 specified countries, 1937-1944..cevesrsssiesteasssncsovasennes 9. Crude ‘birth rates: 64 specified countries, 1937-1944... sce deste cetsnncsinosssossiossieeoeise 10. Number of births reported, by age of mother: 36 specified countries, selected Years, 1930-1944, vsecssvesssirssssvresscinsnessssvnsonsinsenesvnninensssenensiainisineeensvesienees 11. Average annual birth rates, specific for age of mother: 36 specified countries, SELEOTEA FOBT Svs snes sos vunssnshsinsvavens'ssrssosasdndnsssvaessnssnannstsnmsysvinssioasmesis 12. Number of single and multiple deliveries, and number of live births and stillbirths resulting from multiple deliveries, by legitimacy: 41 specified countries, selected years. 13. Gross and net reproduction rates: 40 specified countries, selected yearsS.e.ceeesscescecccens 14. Number of deaths reported: 64 specified countries, 1937-1944...cceceeeeccecacsccsnccnss deen 15. = Crude death rates: 64 specified countries, 1937=1944...esecesonscssessionsssersnssnsenevsrsioss 9 12 15 16A 19 4A 27 31 3A 35 36 54 56 90 94 101 104 113 116 128 132 136 CONTENTS Vv TABLES—Continued Table : g Page 16. Number of deaths reported, by age and sex: 33 specified countries, selected years.......,.... 140 17. Average nnual death rates, specific for age and sex: 33 specified countries, 85616Cted YeArS. ceases sveiresiansensenssrsannssessnsassesnansessasosnssonsisnsinessinesensinsasess 1OR 18. Number of deaths reported under 1 year of age: 64 specified countries, 1937-1944............. 169 19. ‘Infant mortality rates: 64 specified countries, 1937-1944....ceesressessnssssssnsssnsserssass 17R 20. Number of deaths reported and death rates by cause: 43 specified countries, 1940 and latest available Fears... eeecsecsescrsessncsnssessananssassaninsssessnssssanassisnesnsnnsessanninllg 21. Number of deaths reported from 14 selected causes: 47 specified countries, 1935-1944......... 190 22. Crude death rates for 14 selected causes: 47 specified countries, 1935-1944....cc00ce0sesesses ROS 23. Expectation of life (average remaining lifetime) in years, by sex, for selected ages: 39ispecified ‘countries, latest available periods... .c..sces sees ss coisssivnsinsniesssviaie vie sieinseoei tied 24. Number of marriages reported: 64 specified countries, 1937-1944 ....c0c0snssssessssssessseninee i iRR6 25. Crude marriage rates: 64 specified countries, 1937-1944..cccseessvsessnssassssesedsesvesnnses 228 26. Number of divorces reported: 64 specified countries, 1937-1944...c.veescsisencosssseesconsnnsineis RSL 27. Crude ‘divorce ‘rates: 64 specified countries, 1937-1044... ccs iensiseeciasnnsensnessossisssiiesioeinssiiioss 28. Average annual divorce rates: 32 specified countries, recent period.......c.eeceeveeeeeaeaa.. R35 EE Se ES CS EO NESE OC APPENDIX TABLES I: Population: , 45 specified ‘countries, 1912-1910. cece ce isoinnsivsivneciorsoisssnsiesisseseessnnes sesso lieos JI. Number of births reported: 45 specified countries, 1912-1919. cseeesnnsssvasannsnsssiosnsnnane 271 IIT." Crude birth rates: 45 specified countries, 1912=1910..:ccirvesvvrassneossesiosssnnsannssdasoeenii OFS IV. Number of deaths reported: 45 specified countries, 1912-1919. .cecseesssvenssnnsvensssnsesennses 275 V.!i Crude death rates: 45 specified countries, 1912-1919...csssosscsinsssesssisssnsissiosaesiasonsssisi 278 VI. Number of deaths reported under 1 year of age: 45 specified countries, 1912-1919............. 281 VII. Infant mortality rates: 45 specified countries, 1912-1910. ..ucececssnssosnnssassasensseseanens 283 VIII. Number of marriages reported: 45 specified countries, 1912-1919...eecsssss/sascssassssseseesss 285 IX. Crude marriage rates: 45 specified countries, 1912-1910. ..ccseessestsrnnssnsasesnssanssnnsirese 287 X. Number of divorces reported: 45 specified countries, 191R=1919.cceceesessssssessessacsssssnas 289 XI. Crude divorce:rates: 45 specified countries, 1912w1919...svesessnsvnasennssanessisionnosionenssitoo] Ei DL OZTAP IY sie ssinns sienisionssinnsnsnessinnesenesavssoneassseussesssesevenesseessseosisessesnessssyeeseeaiiioos SYMBOLS USED IN THIS REPORT Class or item not applicable (three dot8) cu. sn.cssnsnsnsssesisvssiosioes ala Data not available (Hhree dashes) essen seers sos sesnss sss ssosstinioms vss ive —_— Quantity is zero, in frequency tables (one dash)...eeeecssecescssonccsnss - Quantity is zero, in rate or percent tables (one Cipher).....cceeeeeecees 0 If rate or percent is more than O but legs than 0.05...cccececeaccccscnscs 0.0 If both frequency and population base are zero in rate or percent tables Cone dash) ui. cect virtssvsisiviren sialalenisn esis seins assis sin eien’es sissies - If the population is reported to be zero, but one or more births or deaths are reported, a footnote, "Rate not computed" is used. SUMMARY OF INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS, 1937-1944 By Nora P. Powell, * Social 8cience Analyst INTRODUCTION History The emergence of demographic policy as an im- portant consideration in world planning has re-em-— pmsized the need for comparable vital statistics on an international scale. This need is not new. It has been ‘recognized for many decades, and with the founding of the League of Nations, steps were taken through the medium of its Health Organisation to prepare the first requisite, reliable and . de- tailed descriptions of official vital statistics systems. The Statistical Handbooks Series, which resulted, presented "a review of existing practice and procedures in the collection and publication of statistics on population, births, deaths and noti- fiable diseases, including not only methods of reg-— istration but also the current published reports." This series still represents the best and, in many cases, the only such descriptions available for the 22 countries covered. After several statistical handbooks had been issued, the League of Nations Health Organisation released, in 1925, the first annual International Health Year-Book which contained reports on the pub- lic health progress of some 22 countries. This an- nual publication was an attempt to bring up to date the information originally presented in a series of individual country reports dealing with the organi- zation of public health services. Later editions included the minimum of vital statistics necessary to allow correct interpretation of information re- lating to comparative health conditions between countries. Six such year—books were published, the last one being issued in 1932. Another source of international vital statis- tics data was the Annual Epidemiological Reports published for the years 1922 to 1938 by the Epidem- iological Intelligence Service of the Health Organ- isation of the League of Nations. These volumes contained, in addition to corrected annual statis- tics of notifiable diseases for various countries, "demographic data and mortality figures from con-— tagious diseases in the great towns of the world." Standardized rates and specific mortality by age and sex were included also. Publication of retro- spective tables giving birth,death, and infant mor- tality rates, as well as mortality from the princi-~ pal contagious diseases from 1911 to 1936 and for single years, from causes of death in the abridged list, made late issues particularly useful. league of Nations Health Organisation. . Statisti- cal Handbooks Series: Nos. 1-14: The Official Vital Statistics of —————- . Geneva. 1924-1930. At the same time the International Institute of Statistics was publishing a review of the demo- graphic statistics of the various countries of. the world,? the first one referring to 1911-1919, and the latest presenting statistics for 1929-1956. Al- though the Aperqu did» not stress comparative regis-— tration practices to the same extent as the League of Nations' publications, it did present more de- tailed and extensive vital statistics for a great many countries throughout the world. The last is- sue was published in 1939 just before the coming of war in Europe suspended the activities of the In- stitute. Another synopsis of international statistics including those on demography has been issued by the Economic Intelligence Service of the League of Nations, beginning in 1927. The latest and seven- teenth issue of this Statistical Year-Book® is for 1942/44 and contains, as did its predecessors, tables on population, mortality, and natality, copiously footnoted, but without explanatory text. : Although the volumes referred to above give authoritative and, within limits, reliable vital statistics for most of the world, they are not al- ways immediately available to interested persons. Accordingly, to give wider distribution to data of special interest, and to interpret these data to some extent, the Vital Statistics Division of the U. S. Bureau of the Census issued, in May 1940, an International Vital Statistics Summary.? This Sum-— mary contained a descriptive and analytical text to-— gether with English translations of tables selected from the afore-mentioned Apergu de la Demographie des Divers Pays du Monde, 1929-1936,“ and from the League of Nations Annual Epidemiological Reports for the years 1935 and 1936. Vital statistics for 1920-1936 were shown in this publication, but since that time, no detailed compendium of vital statis- tics alone has been issued. The need for a report covering the years since 1936 initiated the present publication. : 20ffice Permanent de 1'Institut International de Statistique. Apercu de la Démographie des Di- vers Pays du, Monde, 1922, 1925, 1927,1929, 1931, 1929-1936. La Haye. 3League of Nations. Economic Intelligence Service. Statistical Year-Book of the League of Nations, 197 ——————— — . Geneva. %U. S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Cen— sus. International Vital Statistics Summary. Vital Statistiecs—Special Reports, vol. 9, No. 36. Washington, D. C. 1940. #Acknowledgment is made of the valuable contribution of Marjorie Easton, Laurita Heriot, and Kathryn Waesche who were responsible for the searching and abstracting of data for this report. ET * k h 0 2 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS | Purpose of this report This compilation of vital statistics has three major purposes. The first is to provide a refer ence volume of all available published data for the period 1937 to date; the second is to focus atten— tion on areas where existing published data are de- ficient, and where it would be advantageous to stim- ulate the organization and maintenance of adequate vital statistical procedures; the third purpose is to evaluate the existing statistics in terms of their reliability insofar as possible, and to indi- cate within the limits of these statistics, which areas of the world appear to have made the most progress. in terms of public health. The first goal, that of presenting published’ data, is predicated on the belief that in order to evaluate the vital statistics of the United States, the analyst must understand the world setting of which this country is a part. The population changes in any region of the world are indirectly important to all regions. This fact has been emphasized time and again during the recent world conflict in the recognition of population pressures which were in- fluential in precipitating the military invasion of neighboring areas. The absolute size, the age and sex composition, the socio-economic status, and the health of a population, all influence directly the economic potentiality of a nation. In turn, each of these factors is reflected in the demographic indices of that population, specifically in the birth, death, marriage, and divorce rates, and to a lesser degree, in the amount and composition of its emigration and immigration. Thus, a small, though essential, component of the ability to comprehend . the political attitudes of the major powers and the needs of smaller countries, is the understanding of ‘the demographic status of each. A first step in facilitating this understanding is the presentation: in convenient form of basie data on population, na- tality, mortality, marriage, and divorce. . When all available published data for a number of countries are drawn together in standard tabular form, the deficiencies of these data are immediate- ly apparent, The lack of a recent census of popu- lation may be a deficiency attributable to the dis- ruption caused by war; but lack of a census tradi- tion or of adequate statistical treatment of avail- able census data, calls for a more fundamental ex- planation. The inadequacy of national vital sta- tistics is shown both by the nonavailability of specific data classified by age, sex, and cause of death, for example, and also by obviously inaccur- ate indices derived from published data. All of ~ these deficiencies indicate the need for increased emphasis on the fundamental theory and practice of vital registration as a first step in obtaining in- ternationally comparable statistics. The third purpose of this report, that of eval- uating and analyzing the collected statistics, is correlated with the first. The use of vital sta- tistics as indicators of health status is, of course, not entirely valid; but in the absence of reliable morbidity data, there is no alternative. Scope, method, and sources of this report Vital statistics has a broader meaning today than it has had in the past. The registration sta- tistics of birth, death, marriage, and divorce, and the census statistics of population can all be in= cluded in this term, making it almost synonymous with some definitions of demography. Data for some countries even though available have been omitted from the report. The reason for the omission of countries such as Turkey, for example, is the fact that the basic plan for the report limited it to an extension of data presented in the previous Inter= national Vital Statistics Summary.* One outstanding exception to the limitation, however, has been the inclusion of recent data for the Latin American Re- publics not previously shown. Data for some 64 countries are presented in the trend tables of population, births, deaths, in- fant deaths, marriages, and divorces for 1937-1944. In order to give comparable trends for the World War I period, similar data for 1912-1919 are shown in the appendix tables. The land and water area together with population density is the subject of one table. The age, sex, and marital status of the population at the latest census are presented for a number of countries, as well as natality by age of mother, gross and net reproduction rates, births by legitimacy, plural births, mortality by age and sex, expectation of life, and cause of death. It has not always been possible to give all types of data for every country,but in each instance an exhaustive search has been made to secure as much published information as was available in libraries to which searchers had access. A tabular index on page 58 indicates for each table the specific information available for each country included in the report. Since one of the purposes of this compilation is the provision of a reference volume of vital statistics, the data have been limited to officially published figures. "Officially published figures" has been interpreted to mean primarily, figures re- ported by the country itself, with secondary sources such as the Statistical Year—Book of the League of Nations and the Population Index being used only to fill in where primary official sources were not available. An exception to this procedure has been made in connection with data for Russia. Since no recent official figures are available, advantage has been taken of Dr. Frank Lorimer's hypothetical approximations,” and they are included in footnotes to tables. A complete source bibliography by coun- try appears at the end of the tabular material on pages R38 to 266. No data have been estimated, nor has any at- tempt been made to adjust or correct the figures on the basis of any preconceived or arbitrary hypo- thesis regarding their accuracy. It is felt that, in the absence of detailed studies of the registra- tion systems and procedures as well as the various tabulation techniques employed in each country, ar- bitrary adjustments become a matter of personal judgment. Specific procedural techniques which af fect the comparability of data are indicated in qualifying notes, and the individual reader may ap- ply his own judgment in evaluating the possible ef- fects. ‘ Extensive use has been made of footnotes. In- “0p. cit. ®League of Nations. Economic, Financial, and Transit Department. The Population of the So- viet Union: History and Prospects, by Frank Lorimer. Geneva. 1946. QUALIFICATIONS OF THE DATA sofar as possible every relevant qualification given in the source has been carried over to the summary tables. Figures which are provisional in nature, i. e., those which may change in subsequent publi- cations either because they are summations of month- ly data or the result of preliminary tabulations, are marked with an asterisk (#). However, it should be noted that usually no substantial change occurs when these figures are made final, and therefore all data may be used within the limitations imposed by the qualifying factors which will be elaborated below. With very few exceptions, all rates and indices have been computed in the National Office of Vital Statistics. In rare instances published rates have been included if they supplied information not avail- able in absolute numbers. Reproduction rates have not been computed but have been abstracted from pub- lished sources, therefore the number of decimal places shown in the rates varies. All computed rates and ratios are shown to one decimal place rounded. The units of computation are designated in the headnotes of the respective tables. Rate computation has involved the choice of a corresponding population to which the absolute figures might be related. Since methods of popula- tion estimation vary from country to country, and since all estimates are subject to errors of varying degrees of significance, it was thought advisable to substitute the enumerated figure for an estimate for each year in which a census was taken. For in- tercensal or postcensal years the aim has been to relate the absolute numbers to midyear population estimates if at all possible. However, many coun— tries estimate their population at the end of the = year, others publish a "mean" population, still others choose to relate their estimates to the date A of the census, e. g., Canada's population estimates are as of June 1. Since these interyear differences are minor insofar as computation of rates is con- cerned, substitute other consistent available. in the computations of rates be found in table 3. the policy has been to series when midyear estimates were not In most instances the populations used for this report will | Infant mortality rates have been computed by: A the conventional method of relating deaths under 1 year of age occurring in a calendar year to the live births reported for that same time period. It is recognized that when the birth rate is changing rap- Rl idly, may introduce births by available for sible. Tables, in both the report proper and the ap- pendix, are arranged in subject matter order with population followed by natality, mortality, mar- riage, and divorce. Trend tables appear at the be- ginning of their subject-matter field with tables of specific indices following. considerable error.® But, since oy. .8, Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Cen- sus. Effect of Changing Birth Rates Upon Infant Mortality Rates by Iwao M. Moriyama and Thomas N. E. Greville. Vital Statistics—Special he- ports, vol. 19, No. Rl. Washington, D. C. 1944. QUALIFICATIONS OF THE DATA } A cursory glanceat the tables and particularly at the graphic presentation throughout the text will immediately establish the fact that there are striking differences between the regions of the world in regard to both natality and mortality. Some of these differences are real, others reflect incompleteness and noncomparability of data. Because vital statistics are registration sta- tistics, they are subject to all the deficiencies and inaccuracies inherent ina system which is based on the filing and transcription of a record of in- formation. Factors which affect the comparability of data whenever two independent series are compared at the national level are intensified a hundredfold when comparisons are attempted on an international level. Basic differences in registration systems as well as variations in procedures for collecting and tabulating vital statistics must be given con- sideration also. Although these qualifying factors are not uniformly relevant to the data of every country, it is only after they have been weighed that conclusions may be drawn concerning actual re- gional differences in vital rates and indices. In this report, a discussion of qualifications is presented in the same subject-matter order as the tables which follow, i. e., qualifications ap- plicable to population are given first, followed by those affecting registration statistics. In gen- eral, the fourmost important qualifying factors may be summarized as: (1) errors in the population es- _ timates on which rates are based, (2) underregis- tration of births, deaths, marriages, and divorces, (3) variations in definitions as well as in classi- fication, and tabulation procedures (which include such items as the lag between occurrence and regis— tration of an event, death reporting, and inaccuracies and discrepancies in cause-of-death reporting), and (4) basic dif- ferences in the characteristics of the population being considered, such as age and sex composition. With the exception of the lag between occurrence and registration and the inaccuracies inherent in cause~of~death reporting, all of the qualifying factors indicated are applicable alike, though per- haps in varying degree, to natality and mortality and should be considered whenever international com parisons are contemplated. Errors in total population estimates Demographic analysis is dependent to a large degree on knowledge of the population from which births and deaths are drawn. Despite the fact that international statistical organizations have rec- ommended that population censuses be taken at least every 10 years, many countries have not been able to reach this goal. The disorganization caused by the recent world conflict has, of course, disrupted well developed plans for censuses which were to have been taken in 1940 or 1941. Table 1, page 68, shows the dates of censuses taken between 1900 and 1946 and, therefore, the date onwhich the last pop- ulation census was taken in the countries included in this report. Thirty-nine countries have taken for instance during wartime, this procedure 0 age-reporting errors, infant- . month and - infant deaths by age were not each country, no adjustment was pos— \ a] “a | years. it is evident that many estimates a population census within the last 10 years (1937- ~ 1946); 58 have taken censuses within the last 20 Only 6 countries (5 of which are located in Latin America) have had no census during the last two decades. One of these, namely, Ecuador, has never taken a census of population at any time in its history. Since estimations of population must, at some point, be based on an adequate enumeration, of the present population probably do not give an accurate picture of the country's human resources. Neither do they provide accurate bases for statistical rate compu- tation. Coupled with the complete lack of basic popu— lation enumeration is the problem of underenumera- tion at the time of the census. Underenumeration may come about either through inability to reach people in inaccessible areas, or simply through in- efficiency in census taking. Despite the fact that estimates are often devised to compensate for such deficiencies, the basic population data, especially those by age, sex,and civil status, are invalidated to some extent. Unfortunately comment on this de- ficiency and the means taken to compensate for it are usually quite inadequate in published census ~ volumes. Peru might well be pointing the way through its noteworthy efforts in this connection. The de- tailed explanation of the 1940 Peruvian census cov- erage and estimated underenumeration was exemplary. It is hoped that other countries will give further attention to this important item in future censuses. Inaccuracy in reporting certain items on the census schedule adds yet another source of error. Age-reporting inaccuracy, for example, results in excessive numbers of persons being enumerated at ages ending in 0, 2, and 5 especially. Errors such as these are present to a limited degree in every enu- meration, but they are very marked in the enumera- tion of populations which have been exposed to few censuses, and which are not well informed on modern census’ methods. The recent censuses in Mexico and Brazil, for example, show marked improvement inthis matter over those taken at earlier dates. For war years, another problem is encountered. In addition to basic inaccuracies in population es- timates which result from lack of recent enumera- tions, for countries in the war zones there was the almost insurmountable problem of accounting for dis- placed persons, for political prisoners and deported labor forces, for persons in concentration camps, and for ‘other wholesale transfers of populations. The extent of these population changes will remain a challenge to demographers for some time to come, and intelligent guesswork will often take the place of knowledge. Directly related to this population problem and complicated by it, are the rate-computation dif- ficulties encountered in attempting to relate births and deaths to strictly corresponding populations. For example, in regard to the number of deaths re- ported, the sources of the data did not always make clear the disposition of deaths among the armed forces, among prisoners of war, or among servicemen and other persons from foreign countries residing temporarily in an area. In this report, an attempt was made to compute rates on the population rec- ommended by the particular country, and information on inclusion or exclusion of certain population groups is indicated when known. It was felt that this was the better procedure in the absence of a INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS / thorough study of all factors concerned, many of which will not be known for some years after the end of the war. For European countries, the years for which data are most likely to be affected are suggested by the List of Significant Dates in the Wartime History of European Countries, given on page 56. Underregistration of vital statistics The basic deficiency which, to some degree, affects vital statistics in almost every country of the world is incompleteness of registration or omission of births, deaths, marriages, and divorces from the recorded figures. Underregistration of this sort may be due to negligence on the part of the designated informant, to inability on his part to comply with regulations, or to inefficiency in enforcing collection procedures. In countries, such as England, Denmark, Sweden, and Switzerland, where registration systems have been functioning well for long, unbroken periods, there is reason to believe that registration, during normal years, is substan- tially complete and accurate. In the United States and Canada, some incompleteness of both birth and death reporting is recognized and there is, for birth registration at least, some knowledge of the magnitude of the problem and its regional varia- tions.” But in many parts of Latin America,in India, and in other areas of Asia, registration is not only admittedly incomplete and inaccurate but, in addition, the actual size of the problem is un- known’. Primarily, underregistration may be due either to illiteracy or apathy on the part of the people, or to geographic factors which tend to isolate communities. Of these, perhaps the most important is illiteracy. Until people compre- hend the necessity for registering a birth or death with the civil authorities, there will be failure to comply with the regulations. However, even when understanding is present, physical and financial obstacles to complete registration still remain. The effects of extreme distances; desert, mountain- ous, or jungle terrain; and the necessity of pro- viding payment for either the civil or religious act of registration should not be underestimated. Marriage registration completeness in particular suffers from these physical and financial deterrents, especially in Latin America and in parts of Asia. The result is twofold. The recorded marriage rates are abnormally low, at least in Latin America, and an additional marital status classification of “con- sensually married" finds its way into the census statistics. Birth registration is also affected, but apparently not to an equal degree since the birth rates are maintained at relatively high levels. In Latin America apparently, there is a tendency to of vital events 70. S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Cen— sus, Studies in Completeness of Birth Registra- tion, Part I, Completeness of Birth Registra- tion: United States, December 1, 1939 to March 31, 1940, by Robert D. Grove. Vital Statistics —Special Reports, vol. 17, No. 18. Washington, D. C. 1943. Canada. Dominion , Bureau of Statistics. Fertil-— ity of the Population of Canada, by W. R. Tracey. Census Monograph No. 3. Ottawa. 1941. QUALIFICATIONS OF THE DATA iE 1 register a birth legally and religiously in order that the child may be baptized, while no compelling necessity is felt to have a marriage solemnized. This failure to register the ‘marriage is not to be confused with a common procedure in Japan and per- haps elsewhere, where the registration of the mar- riage is simply delayed until the occurrence of the first birth, at which time both events are legally registered. Examination of crude birth and death rates re- ported for Haiti, Dominican Republic, or Brazil would clearly point to inadequacies of some magni- tude although no formal test has been applied to the data. For Brazil a rough test of birth regis- tration may be effected by comparing the number of ‘church baptisms each year with the number of regis- tered births. Without exception, the church bap- tisms outnumber by as much as 2 to 1 the birthsreg- istered with the civil authorities. Moreover, when data for RO Brazilian State capitals and Rio de Janeiro are consolidated, the resulting rates are double those derived for the total population. This difference is too large to be attributed to urban and rural differentials in fertility, especially when variation between individual city rates sug- gests that many vital events fail to be registered even in urban areas. It is worthy of note that civil registration in Brazil requires the payment of a fee. In the tables which follow, underregistration of births and deaths is indicated by footnotes only when the source of the data admits that such incom- pleteness is a possibility. No adjustments have been made for this deficiency. However, to avoid misinterpretation, the possibility of incompleteness should be recognized in all international compari- sons of registration statistics. Variations in definitions, classification and tab- ulation procedures Lag between the occurrence of an event and its registration, —National practice in regard to tab- ulation and publication of ®actual events" and "events registered" is -another factor to be consid- ered in studying natality statistics in particular. Delayed death registration is encountered in some statistics but the number included is always insig- nificant. Published "births registered" may include registrations delayed for many years or they may be specifically limited +o include delays over a cer- tain time period. Birth statistics in the Dominican Republic for example, include any and all registra-— tions, irrespective of age at registration. Chilean birth statistics, on the other hand, include all registrations up to but not including those for in- fants 2 years of age. The legal time period for registering a birth in Chile is 60 days, but tabu- lation procedure, since 1928, has deemed a delayed birth registration to be one for an individual 2 years of age or over. During war years, England and Wales published "occurrences" in contrast to the usual "registered births." The normal peacetime lag between the occurrence of a birth in England and ‘its registration had been fairly constant at one month, with the result that the number of births registered and the number occurring in a given period were approximately the same. With the ad- vent of wartime rationing, registered births out- numbered occurrences, the ratio of occurrences to registrations in 1940 being 0.9721 for live births.® Where registration of births is known to be in- complete and irregular, tremendous fluctuations are Any such as the elimination observed in the birth rate from year to year. stimulus to registration, of a fee, the requiring of a certificate for some specific purpose, etc., is reflected immediately in the increase of births registered. Births registered in the Dominican Republic during recent years pro- vide a good example of the large fluctuations which may be encountered. In 1942, 72,633 births were recorded; in 1943, the number rose to 126,117. Part of the increase may be real, but usually a break- down by date of occurrence reveals that the bulk of the increment can be attributed to delayed regis- tration. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to determine which type of statistics one is dealing with, therefore, in explaining sudden changes delayed registrations should not be overlooked. Sudden decreases in the infant mortality rate can often be traced to the same factor of delayed irth registration. In general, death registration is considered to be more complete than birth regis— tration, simply because of the difficulty of dis- posing of a body without authorized burial. Al- though infant deaths are probably underreported to a greater degree than those of older persons, the number of infant deaths reported is not generally subject to sudden changes. When the relatively stable infant deaths are related to birth registra- tions which include those for persons of advanced years, it is evident that the infant mortality rate will be understatedtoa marked degree. An apparent improvement can be made in the Chilean infant mortality rate by computing it on the total births registered. The Department of Pub- lic Health in Chile publishes current and delayed birth registrations together in an effort to com- pensate for current underregistration, while the De- partment of Statistics limits the delays to 2 years. The interpretation of the infant mortality rate by these two agencies is therefore considerably differ— ent. Age reporting, __ Tt has been pointed out that possible underregistration of births and deaths, as well as that of marriages and divorces, is an im- portant factor to be considered in comparing vital statistics for two or more countries. In selecting and compiling data for comparison, however, a more important consideration is the comparability of in- dividual categories as reported and tabulated in the published statistics. For example, the age at death reported on a certificate may be derived by subtracting year of birth from year of death or it may result from a direct question to the informant as to age of decedent at last birthday or at nearest alarmingly high’ in’ the birth rate, the possibility of the inclusion of birthday. Procedures in each country are determined by definition, but indiscriminate acceptance of re- ported figures can lead to unsuspected errors. Er-— rors of this type are probably most important in measuring infant mortality. An interesting example 8Registrar-General. The Registrar-General's Stg~ tistical Review of England and Wales for the Year 1940 (New Annual Series, No. 20). Tables, Part Ii, Civil, p..v. i i their thirteenth month. Po statistics by age. automatically gains published data are in*Western style. ¥ 6 of one variation is found in the ‘statistics for Costa Rica where reported infant deaths included deaths of children who had completed as much as It was possible to adjust these figures and, insofar as this itemwas concerned, make infant mortality rates for Costa Rica compara- ble with those for other countries, but it is evi- dent that without a detailed tabulation by age such discrepancies could not be discovered. ; Another example of differences in reporting and tabulating may be found in Japanese population According to the system used in Japan, an infant is already 1 year old at birth and one more year on the first day of the next New Year. For comparative purposes care must be taken to be sure that such age distributions have been converted to a standard. Fortunately, all Census figures shown in table 4, p.82 for 1945, however, were secured from unpublished official sources reported in Japanese style, and it was nec- essary to adjust the age distribution to "full age" or Western style. The method used was that employed by the United States occupation authorities, Re- search and Statistics Division.® The method takes INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS into account the exact date of the census and the EA 7 FET —. percentage of births occurring between January 1 of any year and the enumeration date, assuming that the number of births in the period is proportionate to time. For example, the 1945 census was carried out on November 1, Every child born in 1945 be= tween January and November was reported as 1 year of age at the time of the census. Each child born between November 1, 1944 and January 1, 1945 was reported as 2 years of age on November 1, 1945. Thus, all the children reported as 1 year of age, Japanese style, plus 16.7 percent of those reported as 2, would be equivalent to the under 1 year group, Western style. The remaining 83.3 percent of the children reported as 2 years of age, plus 16.7 per- cent of those reported as 3 years of age, Japanese style, would thus constitute the l-year-of-age group, Western style. The reported age distributions at the 1945 and 1946 enumerations have been adjusted by this method and are given in table A. 9Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. General Headquarters. Economic and Scientific Section. Research and Statistics Division. Age distri- bution of population of Japan, 26 April 1946. (Summary tables) TABLE A,—ENUMERATED POPULATION BY AGE AND SEX, ADJUSTED FOR AGE REPORTING: JAPAN,» 1945 AND 1946 (Adjusted from Japanese style to full age by method described above) Age Enumerated April R6, 1946 Bumerated November 1, 1945 {in yours) Total Male Female Total Male Female All gESeevesenenenans| 73,114,059 || 34,904,605 | 38,209,454 | 71,998,104 || 33,894,059 | 38,104,045 UNAST Tawenrersesssssesssoa] 1,585,089 793,172 772,787 | 1,717,495 870,832 846,663 dlls een ss anncnnnsnnessene) 7,007,608 || 3,848,527) 3,759,171 | 7,843,600 || ‘5,969,372 5,874,327 BoDlaeesivuisnnnnssnssanersee] 8,589,451 | 4,342,030 | “4,247,401 | 8,579,708 {i 4,538,165 4,241,545 00=T 2 eves enasesnnsnesessne) 8,838,107 | 4,355,086 | 4,283,111 | '8,616,846 |i 4,350,745 4,266,101 15-100 ee seceonnsneenannsnsey 7,800,219 || 3,909,680 | 3,989,539 | 7,769,667 || 3,809,697 3,959,970 ROR 0ereaecsseoenaensnens| 8,011,579 || 2,570,940 | 3,480,639 | 5,590,264 |i" 1,969,857 3,480,407 OE 00. veeseverssnesssosvee| 4,687,502 | 1,842,607 | 2,844,895 | 4,410,114 |I' 1,616,244 2,793,870 BOmBecsesensessansassesess| 4,650,699 || 1,996,603 | 2,654,096 | 4,447,088 || 1,810,978 2,636,110 BE 50 0 users enranreesesene) 4,450,689 || 2,080,209 | 2,570,450 | 4,205,981 [i 1,984,633 2,311,348 L088. 1 eeennsnceensasnesnes| 4,085,964 || 2,047,563 | 2,038,401 | 4,083,061 || 2,046,228 2,036,833 50, es ierane senna ssnne] 5,621,450 | ‘3,841,330 | 1,780,121 |' 5,565,401 | 1,819,363 1,746,038 BOA. a easosnsnassanssanese] 2,990,736 I 1,525,190 | 1,465,546 | 2,951,537 [| 1,496,562 1,435,175 55-80 seria sonremanseness] 2,578,051 1.278,376 | 1,299,655 | 2,579,382 |i-:81,279,070 1,300,312 BOB ose slen ved ivasnsvameny 12,125,701 992,768 | 1,132,943 | 2,131,753 998,510 1,133,243 BET, vee sss sdinnnnaidnnnissns 1,008,808 754,748 939,148 | 1,718,488 764,989 947,499 JO=T80 sis swe sna vs vans 1,073,210 452,634 620,576 95 BNA OVEI. «+ ss se svassnss } 1,917,348 765,767 | 1,151,581 { 850,410 316,382 534,028 DAKIION Ise sais vin vies minis ns uimay - - - - - - 4 Apycludes Karafuto which became part ‘of Japan proper April 1, 1943. Data apparently for Japanese civilian population, excluding armed forces and all Koreans, Formosans, and foreigners. Note.—Adjustment formula for 1946: x = full age (Western style) x! = Japanese age Xx = 0433 (x' + 1) + 0.67 (x' + 2) Adjustment formula for 1945: x = full age (Western style) X!'= Japanese age X = 0.83 (x' + 1) + 0,17 (x' + 2) BSAC R00 a do Na dk le WR ag Hs by : QUALIFICATIONS Infant-death reporting another problem, pri- marily one of definition, concerns the statistical inclusion with stillbirths of another category of deaths, namely, those infants who died before. reg- istration of their birth. The legal time allowed for registration of a birth varies from 24 hours to 3 days or more. In several countries, therefore, the death of an infant within the first 3 days of life, when infant mortality is heaviest, may not be counted either as a death or as a live birth. For example, Ecuador,Cuba, Bolivia,and, until recently, Guatemala, for statistical purposes, considered as stillbirths those infants that. died before their births were registered, and excluded them from all tabulations. In Europe, France and Spain still ex- clude these infant deaths from both birth and death tabulations. Belgium has a similar type of regis- tration, but the unregistered infants that die are reported as stillbirths and also separately,so that it is possible to correct for the omission. Where the problem is not mentioned specifically in the official report, it is often brought to light by peculiarities in the age distribution of infant deaths. Statistics for Korea would suggest that a number of infants who died failed to be registered either as a birth or as a death. The effect of this infant-death registration practice is twofold. The resulting crude birth and death rates are understated to some degree. On the other hand, maternal mortality rates will be over- stated since they are computed by relating deaths from puerperal causes to live births. Although both numerator and denominator are deficient by the same absolute amount, infant mortality rates tend to be somewhat understated as a result of this reg- istration peculiarity because the deficiency is proportionately greater in relation to the number of infant deaths thanit is to the number of births. Stillbirth ratios likewise would be too high in countries where this type of registration is in effect. Cause-of-death reporting, _By far the most im- portant consideration in making comparisons of mor- tality data by cause of death is that concerned with medical certification or the lack of it. Inaccu- racies in the personal particulars of a report of death, such as errors in age or race, enter into the unreliability of mortality statistics, but in- accuracies in reporting the cause of death are far- reaching and less likely to be revealed. It is an accepted fact that the attainment of accurate cause- of-death statistics varies directly with the degree of medical certification obtained. The quality of this certification may be subject to great varia- tion, but nevertheless, the rendering of a medical opinion on cause of death is a basic requirement for accuracy. In many parts of the world, however, the majority of deaths which occur are never at- tended by a physician, primarily because doctors and hospitals are practically nonexistent in many areas. Unless the user is aware of the deficiency, statistics based on uncertified or presumed causes of death will be accepted as reliable approxima- tions of the truth. The proportion of "unknown and ill-defined" causes reported is often a good indi- 10309 discussion on Venezuela, p. 41. OF THE DATA . * 7 4 cation of the degree of adequate medical certifica-= tion available. Hence the incidence of "unknown" causes and those ascribed to "senility," provides a rough measure of the reliability of other reported | causes. ie Despite the probable unreliability of the re— ported causes of death, the data must be statisti- cally classified in order to make them even moder- ately useful. This procedure is never completely comparable on an international basis. The need for a standard: procedure for classifying deaths by cause was felt as early as 1785, but it was not until the late years of the nineteenth century that the first International List of Causes of Death was produced, and accepted by a number of countries. Unfortu~ nately,it was not accepted for use by all countries in the world. As recently as 1940, a special Scan- dinavian code of causes of death was in use in Swe- den, Denmark, and Norway. Other special lists are still employed in isolated instances as indicated in tables 20, 21, and R2 where their use may affect comparability. Actually for broad cause-groupings, the effect of an entirely different code is rather small, probably not as great as is introduced by comparing statistics classified by two separate re-= visions of the same code, e. g., the 1920 and 1938 revisions of the International List of Causes of Death. In comparing cause-of-death statistics of one country with those of another, consideration should be given to an additional source of error intro- duced by the selection of the primary cause when more than one is given on the certificate. Many procedures are followed, varying from allowing the : doctor to indicate the principal cause, to choosing the principal cause by an arbitrary set of rules and a "priority" table.}® Although the arbitrary method of standard choice satisfies the requirements for comparability when a cértain combination of causes is given, it also subordinates causes of death which might by another system be reflected. Thus, "it will be seen that a reliable international comparison of cause of death is impossible unless the countries being compared not only use the same selection mechanism for choosing the principal cause of death but also report multiple causes in approx-—. imately the same ratio. It is probably true that many single causes of death reported are the result of selection on the part of the informant before reporting because the variation among countries in i the proportion of certificates reporting more than 5 one cause of death is very wide.'® For Denmark, only 1.2 percent of the death certificates in 1937 included more than one cause, while during 1936 multiple causes were reported on 31.1 percent of the certificates in the Netherlands, and on 59.6 percent in the United States. At the present time, the United States and the United Kingdom are probably ; 11y, S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Cen— sus. Manual of Joint Causes of Death, fourth edition, 1939. Govermment Printing Office. Washington, D. C. 1940. 127, Se. Department of Commerce. Vital Statistics Rates Bureau of the Cen- in the United suse. States, 1900-1940, by Forrest E. Linder and Robert D. Grove. Goverrment Printing Office. Washington, D. C. 1943. x ’ 8 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS the only areas where mortality from other than the major causes of death should be intercompared. Sta- tistics for other areas are at best only rough ap- ~ proximations to results colserabls with the experi- ence of the United States.t® 14 Age-sex composition of the population After all of the procedural factors affecting international comparability of individual vital rates and ratios have been evaluated, and adjust- ments have been made to achieve maximum agreement, the demographer is still faced with the problem of essential differences in the characteristics of the populations being compared. Variations in the age and sex composition account for many natality and mortality differentials. Birth rates and to a lesser degree marriage rates are definitely depend- ent on the size of the population in an age~limited segment. While effective throughout the entire age- span, mortality is highest at the extremes, i. e., at the very early ages and at the older ages. Thus, even if the underlying forces of mortality were not different and if standards of living were equal, a 137. S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Cen- sus. Classification of Joint Causes of Death, Vital Statistics—Special Reports, vol. 5, No. . 47. Washington, D. C. 1938. 14y, S. Department of Labor. Children's Bureau. Comparability of Maternal Mortality Rates in the United States and Certain Fcreign Countries, by Elizabeth C. Tandy. Publication No. R29. Wash- ington, D. C. 1935, population with a concentration of persons at the very young or older ages would record a higher crude death rate than one in which the bulk of the popu-— lation were distributed through the ages where mor- tality is naturally lower. In making international comparisons, age-specific birth and death rates should be employed whenever possible. When the crude birth and death rates are used for this purpose, they may be somewhat misleading although most vari- ations between countries are of such magnitude that the differences in the crude rates cannot be attrib- uted to the effects of any one or all of the qual- ifying factors discussed above. The public health goal of the civilized world should be the maintenance of a natality rate such as to permit achievement of the highest possible standards of physical and mental well-being in the population, and a mortality rate which reflects the lowest possible age-specific rates obtainable in that environment. Because this aim theoretically is behind all public health efforts, it is important that the problem areas of the world be defined in terms of population, birth rates, and death rates, as well as marriage and divorce rates. Each index must be considered not only in its relation to a similar index for other countries but also in its relation to other indices for the same country. Ef- fects of prevailing standards of living with con- comitant medical services and public health con- sciousness, must be weighed. The following dis=~ cussion, together with the accompanying tables, ate tempts to set forth a picture of the demographic situation of the world as indicated in the most recently reported vital statistics at our disposal. POPULATION - Census dates The size of a country is measured not only in terms of its land and water area, but also by the number of inhabitants living within its borders. These absolute numbers when considered in relation to other resources such as health and wealth, in- dicate the strength and power of the nation. Peri- odic enumerations to determine the exact population have been carried out in most countries for many years, usually at 10-year intervals. The frequency and accuracy of .these enumerations determine to a large extent the validity of the subsequent popula- tion estimates. In table 1, page 68, are shown the dates of the population censuses which have taken place since 1900 inthe 64 countries for which statistics are presented in this report. Since the efficiency of taking a census improves with practice, the areas with relatively long histories of census taking are those which tend to have, in general, the most reliable census enumerations and intercensal estimates of population. Density Table 2, page 70, gives the absolute popula- tion for 64 countries, together with the land and water area of each and the population density in terms of total area. Although the figures do not all relate to the same year, varying from 1937 data for Czechoslovakia to 1945 data for 4 other coun- tries and 1946 for France, some idea of absolute population size and relative density can be deter- mined. i Many parts of the world are not represented. China, notably, is absent, as are most of the coun- tries in Africa, but available data indicate that population density per square mile varies exceed- ingly throughout the world. Contrasted with 2,231 inhabitants per square mile for the Island of Malta and 1,058 for Straits Settlements, Australia reports a population density of only 2.5, and Iceland and Canada, 3.2. Examination of density values by con- tinents re-emphasizes the fact that Asia and Europe are relatively densely populated, while, at least superficially, the Americas and Oceania have room for additioMal inhabitants. Russia with a popula- tion density of 20.8 inhabitants per square mile is one of the less densely settled of the world areas even with its 170 million population in 1939. More— over, there is marked variation in density among the Soviet Socialist Republics from a low of 5.9 for Kazakh S.S.R. to 180.2 for the Ukrainian S.S.R. However, these population densities, shown graphically in figure 1, are to some degree under- statements of the true picture in terms of available living space, because they relate population to the total area including uninhabitable land as well as water area. The relative water area is not a par- ticularly important factor for most countries of the world, but the extent of the uninhabitable regions has considerable effect. For South America, inhabitable area is in no way coextensive with even total land area. Moun- tainous and jungle terrain 1imit severely the po- tential settlement land available in many regions of the continent. The natural resources of each POPULATION 9 Figure 1.—POPULATION DENSITY IN 66 COUNTRIES: RECENT YEAR ( Density refers to number of inhabitants per square mile of total area) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 1. ‘Malta and Gozo 2,2 30.5 ea. a, a. hi Li a A A rr i a at Eh LPP — 2. Straits: Settlements ¥.10 5/8: 2 3. England ond; Wales 2 22 7.6 OS 4 Belgium 7 5 Netherlands 351.5 AO 6. Japan (proper) 495.0 A 7. Germany (1937 terr.) 388.1 i ee i. se LL PS lL. ds 8. aly 385.3 dr lh ef eH 9. India (British) pany I 10. Chosen 285.4 monn 11. Czechoslovakia 280.9 I v2: Holi 2 5.0.0. IEEE ————— 13. Switzerland 273.6 ————— 14. Hungary (Trianon terr.) 264.2 15. Ceylon 247.7 16. Danmark 2.4.0.0 FEE—————— 17. Northern Ireland 241.1 18. Poland 230.8 Cl Cl a a 19. Portugal 227.1 ————— 20. Austria Epuhughdl s——_————————————— 21. France 191.9 22. Rumania 175.0 23. Scotland 170.7 i————— 24. Yugoslavia 1654 TE 25. Palestine 164.2 26. Bulgaria (1939 terr.) 153.2 27. El Salvador 146.9 ED 28. Greece 146.3 29. Spain 136.0 ——— 30. Lithuania (1938 terr.) 119.8 31. Ireland 108.7 32. Cuba 108.1 : 33. Dominican Republic 101.9 34. Netherlands Indies 97.9 35. Guatemala 82.1 36. Federated Malay States 80.3 37. Unfederated Malay States 78.5 38. Latvia 76.8 39. Burma 7.2.1 ; RY ors se DETAILED BREAKDOWN FOR RUSSIA 42. Egypt 45.6 0 100 . 200 43. Sweden 37.8 Ukrainian S.S.R. 180.2 44. Costa Rica art Moldavian S.S.R. 167.6 45. Uruguay 31.2 Georgian S.S.R. 131.3 46. Finland 30.3 Lithuanian S.S.R. 125.4 47. Mexico 28.6 White Russian S.S.R. 113.7 48. Ecuador 28.0 Armenian S.S.R. 107.3 49. Norway 24.4 Azerbaijan S.S.R. 96.7 50. Union of South Africa 23.4 Uzbek S.S.R. 94.6 51. Panama 23.4 Latvion S.S.R. 74.5 52. Colombia 22.7 Estonian S.S.R. 61.0 53. Russia (1938 terr.) 208 Tadzhik S.S.R. 26.7 54. Honduras 20.3 Kirghiz S.S.R. 19.2 55. Nicaraguo 18.7 R.S.F.S.R. 17.1 56. Chile a 18.6 . Turkmen S.S.R. 7:3 57. New Zealand 16.4 Karelo - Finnish S.S.R. = 6.2 58. Peru 15.7 Kazakh S.S.R. 5.9 59. Brazil 138 Other Asiatic Terr. 3.3 60. Argentina 13.1 61. Venezuela 1.7 62. Bolivia 8.8 63. Paraguay 7.4 64. Canada ' 3.2 65. Iceland : 3.2 66. Australia 25 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 DENSITY PER SQUARE MILE Note. - For source of data and explanatory footnotes, see table 2, p. 70. Certain regions ’ ’ region in terms forests, and fertile soil are other limiting factors. in Africa present the same limita— tions. In Egypt, where only 13,600 square miles of | territory are actually under cultivation, the popu- ah Sp i lation density on "settled" land alone would be in- creased almost 30 times over the "total" area den- sity, or from 46 persons per square mile to 1296. - This "uninhabitable area" concept must be constantly borne in mind in evaluating relative population density figures. hie > A rt Population size Re kd Ve FO aly K wd \J i Bah i » t | ¢ A ie 5 # faulty and in many instances inaccurate to a i periods Ireland, showed decreases in population. In table 3, page 74, are given the populations enumerated and estimated for the period 1937-1944 in 64 countries arranged alphabetically by continent. ‘Population estimates for war years are known to be con— siderable degree (see page 4 ). For this reason, ‘enumerated populations are shown when available, ex— cept for the United States where the midyear esti- - mate is substituted for the enumeration of April 1, 1940. Information as to the type of population, i. e., de facto or de jure, civilian or including the military forces, is given when such specifica- tions were available in the sources. In 1940 the aggregate population of the 64 countries shown in table 3 amounted to 62 percent of the 1939 estimate of the world total as given in the Statistical Year—Book of the League of Nations, 1942/44.3 Vital statistics of varying degrees of accuracy are available for all areas shown with the exception of Russia, or for about 55 percent of the ~ world's total population. Data presented in this report cover about 99 percent of the population of the Americas, 96 percent of Europe, 80 percent of Oceania where the aboriginals are excluded from the vital statistics, 43 percent of Asia excluding Russia where data for China and other areas are ‘nonexistent, and only 17 percent of Africa which is represented by Egypt and the Union of South Africa. Obviously, a great deal of work remains to be done before even approximations of the world's resources in terms of people and their demographic potential- ities are available. Population growth For the examination of population growth, 1940 has been chosen as a reference or bench-mark year not only because it was, for many countries, a cen- sus year, but also because by so doing one avoids entering the period affected strongly by the war. In table B are presented the percentage changes which occurred inthe size of the population of some 57 selected countries between 1920 and 1940 or be- tween 1921 and 1941. For the majority of countries, these were census years so that percentage change over either of these two periods can be considered fairly reliable and comparable. Changes for shorter as indicated in the table can be roughly approximated to the 20-year span. It will be seen from table B that only two countries, Estonia and France's population did not change appreciably while percent- age increases (as high as 134 for Palestine) were demonstrated by other countries. i 30p. cit. INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS of equitable climate, minerals, The countries of Europe grew least during the R0-year period. The United States showed a R5-per=- cent gain, which was matched by a 27-percent gain din British ‘India, Egypt, and Burma. Palestine, Malaya, the Netherlands East Indies, and the coun- tries of Latin America showed the definitely large relative increases in population. The Maori popu— lation in New Zealand during only a l4-—year period and the non-Europeans in the Union of South Africa both showed increases markedly greater than that shown by the other segment of the population in these countries. Some of the very large increases shown in table B may be due to underenumeration at the earlier census, but the magnitude of the differ- ences «is too great to be explained by the under- enumeration factor alone. 3 When this RO-year period is broken into its two component parts,it is seen that, on the whole, the 'percentage increase between 1920 and 1930 was greater than that experienced between 1930 and 1940. However, certain countries showed greater growth between 1930 and 1940. This interesting group in- cluded: Egypt Union of South Africa (non-Europeans) Chile El Salvador Guatemala Mexico Nicaragua Panama Burma India Straits Settlements Palestine Germany Ireland Northern Ireland Scotland It will be apparent that the Latin American Republics and those Agiatic areas which showed large percent- age increases between 1920 and 1940 are included, indicating that not only did these countries show large R0-year increases, but they appear to be in an established growth phase. Ireland, which suffered a loss between 1920 and 1930 and an over-all loss between 1920 and 1940, showed a slight gain between 1930 and 1940 which may indicate that that country has reached the turning point and will in the future show an increasing population. France, on the other hand, showed a gain between 1921 and 1931, which was almost exactly balanced by a loss of 5.4 percent from 1931 to 1941, resulting in a change of only 1.0 per- cent from 1921 to 1941. Austria, Estonia, and Lat- via were three other countries which failed to grow in the 10-year period ending in 1940/41, probably as a result of the so-called "voluntary" repatria- tion of Germans from Estonia and Latvia, numbering some 80,000 by March 1941, and the mass exodus of Jews from Austria, reported as 105,000 by the Cen— sus of May 1939.16 1%Tnternational Labour Office. The Displacement of Population in Europe, by Eugene M. Kulischer. Studies and Reports, Series 0 (Migration) No.8. Montreal, 1943, pp. 13 and 41. v EE Rm X v A MAS Ly : ; i POPULATION TABLE B.—PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN TOTAL POPULATION SIZE: 57 COUNTRIES, 1920-1940 Rank Percentage Rank Percentage order Country, change order gomntry change 1 Bstonifassessesssassesevessee 16,3 32 Bulgaria (1939 territory)..... 80.6: a 201i Treland {Tire) css eves vsnsss sew 447 BZ 5 0BNBAB vss leh 'e sleien'sin vis na sales 120.9 3 BIONIC. alse tie ssn sasstnssnesissse 11.0 34 Australia (ex. aboriginals),.. 31.2 4 Northern Irsland....sesessseae 3.0 35 Yug2051avid,cececesennssoeannes 331.9 Sat Sustrin.. cig Sees 23.5 BEE [COTLON, v's vehins sn sions Hoh vines 133.8 Gili Beotland: « «s.r ues siseseanenete 15.1 57. | Chile (ex. Tocna).. Jeesssnmes 58,2 7 SWedeNe sc vevsssovssnsvsscassanne 7.2 38 Brazileesessossns eves esis 35.7 8 Switzerlandeesesococssceccssee 8.9 39 Bolivifescasivesesennnsevaicnse 3645 9 | England and WaleS.seescesssess 110.2 A001) IIE glee ov 0 sin 4 wiE mine oe niblen aia 37.1 10 ANOTWAY a sas assis vusie sis snnns an 1.1 AL. Mart nn i veins s vee ns snie ssinieiinsie 357.1 11 Germany (1937 territory)eece... 210.2 AR | PANBIE + sas +s wy a's vs's 555 lots sie sini 39.6 12 Bolg Me vensves suosvsinvensnse 212.5 43 Chosen (Korea). .esss ss veivrisives 40.9 13 Hungary (Trianon territory)... 14.4 44 Netherlands East Indi€Seescses i 42.8 34 Pini antle oie ssieus sess sr snanny 15.5 45 | New Zealand (MAOrisS)..eeesesss 842.9 15 Tt8lyeeeseescecscceccesecscnne (L16.1 46 Union of South Africa 18 DOIEIATK e's c's eniv c's sin sins's ers ve ive 317.6 (BUropesns)e «si css ssenensen 144.3 17 TEV ws ssn sinsins ca viva sdvasive 13.5 47 ULUEUAT 0's = 0.00 aia s s.0ivie ss einiale eels 4847 18 SDAIN. eases esrstnscssnssesessne R1.5 48 Cuatemala..ceeeevserssonenenes 50.3 yo Haltleeseinsoovssnersnnsresende 24,0 49 FL Salvadoresseseeesevessesisios 51.77 20 United StateSecececsscsosscoss ' 24.6 50 Arzentindede secession ssssoessns 53.2 21 India, British (ex. Burma)... 126.6 51 COlombiB. sees ssersssesesiovsnee 53.6 i 22 BEyDlessncivisvsesosinsssanssvvs 26.9 52 Paraguay e sess essosesvesenssoise 55.6 28 EY Baceivin ow fain v ss vans st nnsins 107.3 53 | Venszuela (ex. tribal Indians) 53.8 R24 Icelands ss cssiessssrssonnsssece R7.4 54 Nicaragua.eeesesscesssssossvon 54.1 25 Malta and G0Z0ssvsivsssnvinssnes 27.8 55 Union of South Africa : 28 POrtUEAL.S cee vn ie rane nssbinans 28.0 (non—~Europeans). cece ssacesss 154.1 27 Poland (1936 territory)....... 423.1 56: [MAIBYR 5 vin v0 swans sininiein nies sents 165.6 28 NetherlandSe ec. je svsviesinsssnnes R9.3 57 HORQUT'BS css v's/s'v v's siarainie veisisoiete 7R.0 29 Russia (UsBuSeRe)evsrsasnsasive 229.6 58 Dominican RepubliCe.eecssssass 94.9 30 New Zealand (ex. Maoris)...... 0.7 59 Palestine (settled population) 1134.0 31 JAPAN DIODE Yo vs's's o's + 50s sits 0)’ 30.6 > 11921-1941. 21920-1939. 31921-1940, 41921-1938. 81926-1940. Source: Computed from data in table 3, p. 74, and from table 1 in Vital Statistics—Special Reports, vol. 9, No. 36. Gross population growth is dependent on two factors,namely, natural increase or excess of births over deaths, and migratory increase or balance of immigrants over emigrants. Migration statistics have not yet reached a stage in their development where international comparisons are recommended, therefore their use in determining population in- crease or decrease is sorely limited. The previous international report® presented tables showing the number of immigrants and emigrants during 1920-1936 for a number of countries. Some additional data are available for 1937-1944, but they were thought * to be so unreliable that they are omitted from this report. It is possible however, to determine how much the balance of births and deaths added to the population of 2R selected countries during the pe- riods 1921-1939 and 1922-1940. From the previous report? and from tables 8 and 14 in this the births and deaths in the years between the cen- “0p. cit. 746604 O - 47 - 2 report | suses referred to in table B above have been cumu— lated and the difference or balance determined. This difference has been related to the population in the base year, either 1920 or 1921 as the case may be, and the resulting percentages are given in fig- ure 2, together with the gross percentage change in population for these particular areas. Despite the crudeness of the index, the 22 countries show two distinct tendencies. The 9 coun- tries with increases in population of more than 17 percent between 1920 and 1940 together with Belgium and England, are those for which natural in- crease constituted only a portion of the total in- crease exhibited. Immigration must have entered into the growth of these populations to varying de-— grees. Conversely, 11 countries show natural in- creases exceeding those shown by the actual popula-— tion change. It may be assumed that these countries suffered loss of population by emigration. Norway with an excess of natural increase amounting to 18.2 percent, Ireland with 14.7, and Estonia with alent x Erdal J i INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS Figure 2.— PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN POPULATION" SIZE AND NATURAL COUNTRIES: 1920/2I - 1940/ 41 \ ( Natural increase is the. excess of births over deaths) -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 1. Union of South Africa (Eur.) 332 LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL DLL lll LLL LL lll ddd Ea, a i i CCR 2. Chil 352 —Gnite 23.7 [LLL 20202 LL LLL Ld a I ccdlll i lt a ll Is 3. Ceyl 3382 - Ceylon 30.4 LLLIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIILISIIII III IIIIIS IES II SESS IIL SSIS IIIS IIIS I IIS Fo Ufo EE 4. Austrolia 352 202220002000 LLL LLL 3 Midclaliedcdqdu damian raya] 5. Canada 29:2 (£22227 21 202 LN LL zzd : Be A C a i a OC ) 30.6 6. Japan (proper) 28.5 LLL LLL LLL LOL lll ll lll Elid dd et ee a Ea 7. New Zealand (ex. Maoris) £27 WLLL LLL LL LLL LLL LLL BC i. rE he i ili 8. Netherlands 22 2 222222002] LS 9. Denmark 1 7.8 POLLLLL22LLLLLLLL LL LLL lll 16.1 10. Italy 21.4 LLL 000200022 i 4 I. Hungary (Trianon terr.) : 3 22020000000 7 2 12. Belgium 2 ! 2s POLL LLL dl > z N 13. Germany (1937 terr.) £122 TIE a iL 14. Norway 3 4 7 LLL Ee lL 72 A iu 15. England and Wales 10.2 PORLLLL2002222228 16. Switzerland \ 39 P2020 17. Sweden 32 O22 18. Scotland ih LLL L227) me Population Change V Notural Increase 19. Northern Ireland | 30 SIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIY 22 20. France 1:2 2 a7 21. Ireland 10.0 77277727777 22. Estonia =832 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 PERCENT 1921 -1940. 21920-1939. Note. - For source of dato and explanatory footnotes, see the following: Population change - fable B, p. 11 Natural Increase - 1920-1936, Vital Statistics — Special Reports, vol. 9, No. 36. 1937-1941, tables 9 and IS, pp. 101, 136 9.8, apparently lost the most. These figures are essentially very rough, but they do give some idea of the proportion of the increase or decrease in gross population which may be assigned to migration sbalance in contrast to natural increase. Data for the United States are not included because of the changing area for which registration data were available. The gross provide a more accurate measure growth potential of a population, will be discussed in detail in a later part of the text, beginning on page 22. It may be said here, however, that com- parison of data in table B and table 13 indicates that with only two exceptions countries having less than 15 percent increase in population showed net reproduction rates of 1 or less. These exceptions were Ireland with a decline in population size, 1920-1940, but a net reproduction rate of 1.19 for and net reproduction rates, which of the probable 1940-42, and Northern Ireland with a population in- crease of 3 percent during 1920-1940, and a net re- production rate of 1.10 for the period 1925-27. Northern Ireland's reproduction rate may be dis- counted as out of date, hence the correlation is invalid. On the other hand, Ireland's population increase during 1930-1940 as compared with a de- crease during the previous decade is substantiated by the relatively large net reproduction rate of 1.19 for 1940-42. Population characteristics Age. —The age composition of a population at a specified time, being the result of the prolonged interaction of mortality and natality peculiar to that area, provides probably the best over-all pic— ture of the social status of a people. The recog- nition of the place of prenatal and child-care pro- POPULATION grams in building a strong society, and the insti- tution of social welfare and general public health provisions to safeguard a population at various ages, both are eventually reflected in the age- structure of the population. True population distribution by age and sex is available only from census enumerations; with the census as a base, estimates by age and sex may be made from time to time. Table 4, page 80, presents the age and sex distribution of population in 38 countries at the time of the last census. . If the census was not recent, an estimate for a later date is included when available. As in the trend table of population (table 3), the notation regarding de jure and de facto is added only when specified in the source. Data given in table 4 re—emphasize the well- publicized fact that the populations of Western Europe, Oceania, and the United States appear to be approaching the end of their prolonged period of growth. To delineate the changing pattern of pop- ulation age distribution, consolidated percentages for 38 countries at two enumerations are presented in table C. Attention is called to the fact that, because of changing areas, intercensal comparisons are not strictly valid for Austria,Germany, Poland, and Hungary, but general comparisons may be made be- cause age distribution is not considered to be un- duly sensitive to area changes. At least three distinct patterns are recog- nizable from these data. The age—~distribution pat- tern for the majority of countries is one in which the proportion of persons under R0 years of age is decreasing, while both the R20 to 59 year age group and the older—ages are increasing. This first pat- tern holds for all the countries of Western Europe, for Canada, the United States, Oceania, the Union of South Africa (European population), and even for Brazil and Chile. A second pattern which appears to have evolved from the first is distinguished by decreases in both the young population group and the 20 te 59 year age group, but with increases in the group over 60 years of age. France and Ireland exhibit this pat— tern, and it is safe to assume that countries of Western Europe and North America, at least, are moving in this direction. Contrasted with these two "declining" popula- tion patterns is that which is characterized by in- creases . in the proportion of population under 20 years of age. ‘In addition to Austria, Germany, and Hungary, five countries show such increases, namely, Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela, India, and Japan. The areas shown for Hungary, Germany, and Austria are not strictly comparable over the period,therefore the increase in population under 20 may be due to a variety of factors. However, it may not be purely by chance that the period of increase includes the period of the advent of National Socialism in the latter two countries and their campaigns for addi- tional births. High birth rates, as well as high death rates, prevail at the present time in each of the five other countries showing this population age pattern. .There is wide variation between the levels at ‘which these changes in age composition are taking place. Figure 3 shows 37 countries arrange8 in rank order according to the percentage of population enumerated under 20 years of age at the time of the last census. Brazil with 53.3 percent showed the highest percentage of youths under 20, while Sweden with 28.6 showed the lowest. Populations in which the under-R0 segment exceeds 50 pere¢ent of the to-— tal are found solely in Latin America, with India, Japan, and Russia showing 45 percent or more in this age group. On the other hand, the Western European countries, the United States, and Canada, Oceania, and the Europeans in the Union of South Africa, all report less than 40 percent of their populations at ages under 20. These differences between countries in regard to age of population may be strikingly demonstrated in another way. If the population under 20 years of age is related to the segment R20 to 59 years, it is found that, for every 100 persons in the older group, there are 125 youths under 20 in Brazil and only 50 in Sweden. The median falls between 75 and 79 persons. Venezuela, Japan, and India, all show ratios of over 100. This same group of 8 countries shows corres— pondingly small ratios of persons over 60 in rela- tion to those between 20 and 59 years. It is evi- dent that the dependent burden in these countries is primarily one cf children and not aged adults. In spite of the extremely high birth rates in these countries during past years, the correspondingly high death rate has eliminated the excess before the older ages are reached. From these data it may be concluded that unless some drastic changes take place, the populations of the Western World will continue to grow older and then decline in size, while those of Asia and Latin America, as well as Russia, which are just entering the growth phase will continue to increase in youth and in size for a time. There are three possible methods of halting the potential decline. The first might be to establish and maintain increased birth rates. At the same time, the gains made in decreasing the death rate at all ages, but particularly during infancy and childhood, could be creases attained. The third alternative might be to encourage immigration of young and healthy persons to swell the ranks at the earlier and middle ages. The over-all effect of one or all of these solutions would not become apparent, however, for quite some- time. Inthe meantime, among the Western democracies at least, provision must be made for the increasing proportion of older persons inthe population. This means more attention to social security and to olde age benefits, with increasingly large portions of the nation's budget allotted to these problems. Marital status, Tables 5 and 6 beginning on pages 86 and 90 give the numerical and percentage distribution of the enumerated population by sex and marital status, information on the percentage of single population in each age group. These three tables refer only tothe population 15 years of age and over excluding unknown ages. Where infomation on "consensually married" population was available separately,it has been included with the married. In Cuba the single population includes “unknown marital status" the original source states represents consensually married almost exclusively. Apparently, the allocation has been made for Guatemala although no reference to the situation was found. Data for Ma— laya are not comparable in certain respects with those for other countries because the widowed and 13 Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, consolidated and further de— and table 7 presents detailed ; which Same 4 saris Ireland (Bire)ecseseececoeess T58LY sv enie viosinnsnmeninesvnsens Japan (proper)®....uvaeevinss © LatviBesesssssseccrscsnsonses MeXiCOsessesscsesssesnssonses Ss STON ao NetharlandSuses sess vases svnve al 53 RE) ~N on New Zealand (ex. Maoris)..... oro C= Northern Ireland.....eeeeeees ae Soa NOLWRYs 4s yo vuduns suvunnaivusl 3% 53 . Oo oo Peru (ex. jungle population).| 1940 Poland#s ss esvssesnsrsernnsocies 1931 °1921 in 58 5 . Portugese. vebeessnnabesons 1940 x 1930 RABEIBH oes usr 0s mnie sn snnss [2 O1939 1926 Seotland.sviss ss ses enansovionens | 1951 1921 ilvsesurnassserribeey A . Spine save debideni an wainvie ven [1121950 ERE GM ol . § \ 1920 . ssesecsescescen £ i588 ~N os hh 2O ro a wasn taa even il od 3 Seden. cones ssnr'ssnnns sine sane] i 1940 Bat r5Y 1935 Switzerland. eseseessssses sess 1941 ’ 1930 Union of South Africa CBuropeang) issu ves vss sv avid 104) ” 1936 ThA tod SEatesasssssss ss saves] (20940 1930 Venezuela (ex. tribal Indians)| 1941 3 1936 7Excludes Korat whieh became part of Japan proper, , are for habitually resident population in Austrian April 1, 1943. Data apparently for Japanese civilian he 7: tory and a few Sudeten districts. population, excluding armed forces and all Koreans, ages have been. distributed among age groups. Formosans, and foreigners. ®pata are for Japanese only, i. e. 5 excluding Koreans, Formosans, and foreigners. © Excluding Upper Silesia and part of the provines! of Wilno. e for the Trienon Territory, Northern and Ofxclides data for Western Vivaine and Vester Bysiorassis, 3 ern Territories, Subcarpathia, and Transylvania. hr are. for the territory defined by Treaty of Trianon, Source: Computed from data in table 4, p. 80. ne 2. 1920. 4 / NATALITY | ww Figure 3.—PERCENT OF POPULATION UNDER 20 YEARS OF AGE IN 37 COUNTRIES AT TIME OF LATEST CENSUS . Brozil . Colombia Peru Mexico India . Japan (proper) Chile . Russia 9. Greece 10. Poland 11. Bulgaria 12. Portugal 13. Spain 14. Netherlands 15. Union of South Africa (Eur.) 16. Italy 17. Norway 18. Canada 19. Hungary 20. Australia 21. Ireland 22. Scotland 23. Northern Ireland 24. Czechoslovakia 25. Finland 26. United States 27. New Zealand (ex. Maoris) 28. Denmark 29. England and Wales 30. Germany 31. Belgium 32. Latvia 33. France 34. Switzerland 35. Austria 36. Estonia 37. Sweden I 60 Note. — For source of data and explanatory footnotes, see table C, p.14. divorced population is included with the single in these statistics. In spite of all these qualifica- tions, variation between countries in respect to the proportion of the adult population reported as 60 PERCENT "married" is quite marked. It will be discussed in more detail in relation to variation in the birth rate on page 18 and the marriage rate on page 53. NATALITY Trend of crude rates, up to World War II Between the end of the first world war and the beginning of the second, the long-time trend of the birth rate for most countries of the world where statistics are available, has been downward, con- _tinuing the course initiated in the nineteenth cen- tury. Figure 4, page 16A,shows the trends graphi- cally for the period 1912-1944, while tables 8 and 9, pages 98 and 101, give the number of births and the crude rates in 64 countries for 1937-1944. It ‘will be seen that, contrary to the general trend, Egypt, Ceylon, Straits Settlements, British India, Chosen, Malta, and several countries in Latin Amer- ica, show either increases in the birth rate, or no appreciable change. Birth registration in these areas with the possible exception of Malta cannot be considered complete, andthe violent fluctuations shown in the trend lines in figure 4 might well be attributed to variations in the degree of underreg- istration and to the introduction of new regulations governing registration or tabulations. The sudden increase in the birth rate for Mexico between 1928 and 1930 was the result of a change in the basic law, by which it became obligatory for each person to obtain a birth certificate. In response to the new decree a large number of births from previous years were registered in 1929 and 1930, forcing the registered birth rate up to an unprecedented 49 per 1,000 population. In 1931, the crude rate became stabilized at about 44. It has remained at approx— imately that level up to the present time. In Chile, f Eighteen percent of all the births 16 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS on the other hand, the sudden decrease in the birth rate between 1928 and 1931 is primarily the result of a transition in the statistics from "births reg-— istered" to "actual births occurring," the latter defined as those occurring during the current year plus delayed registrations from the previous year. registered in 18366 also previous discussion on Chile, pe 5. 1944 actually occurred prior to 1943, and computation of a crude Birthrate including these "delays" would increase the rate for 1944 from the reported 33 to 40 per 1,000, a figure similar to that recorded in Mexico. The level of the birth rate in Chile for years prior to 1931 indicates that all delayed reg- istrations were included at that time. The extent of the almost universal downward drift of the birth rate between 1920 and 1940 is given in table D in terms of percentage change. TABLE De—PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN THE CRUDE BIRTH RATE: 51 COUNTRIES, 1920-1940 Rank Percentage Rank Percentage order Country change order Country change x Bulgaria (1939 territory)..... ~-44.4 27 Spainivais vs tiive vies vs isinnsnves =17,1 2 England and Wal€Seesecsescesss -43,1 :8 Chile. sesessvessennsscsnsnesnse -15.7 3 Scotlands.» vevesebioano ves ioe ~39.1 | 29 New Zealand (ex. Maoris).eseces =15.5 4 Belgium. vn senses snssssssssos -38.7 30 Guatemala.essesscsssccsces Ceniee =15.1 5 NOYWaY is oieiv/csssensncnss Feiss viviels -37.5 31 Union of South Africa 6 NeAeNeiv deivians voslvianasssins seine -36.4 {Baropeans) cesses ssceensons -12.8 7 Frances. eevee PEA SAARI =35.5 3R Ireland. ceosscssecsncocssssnas ~11.6 8 Hungary (Trianon territory)... 35.4 33 BELONIR. oe evivis semneisneseosives -10.9 9 FINlonGeescesesnsvenssnseonoae -33.2 34 FL. Salvador vas essvinsnss oes o viasle -10.3 10 MSEPaliac. ccc ancon inns ons -29.1 35 Brazil (cities). .evvsnivsosves -9.9 11 DErmiarKe sc unioivis sve v8 suis inininis -28.3 36 Palestine (settled population) 2.7.1 12 Portugals ces ssessesvsossovssee -28.0 37 Malta and iB0%z0. css sre ms enrenvs -5.5 1s Switzerland, s cesar oo sivense -27.3 38 Bastrinfte esse ciivoin acs suvioicineis -4.0 14 Netherlands... .ececsorvrvceve -27.3 39 India: (British)eeeedicesvonees -3.7 05] Cuba.censes vais vecsssnsesnnese —R7.3 40 Ceylon. ese cv nebsavensanmeesvo. -1.9 16 Argentina.esesesonesss .veeiaisns —R7.2 41 BeYph icine drssnsvsnsesnsscssroe -1.7 17 Italy. vscetsivnonscsissnsnrsse —R6.4 42 Costa Rica... sseseisvsessvsnisisee —0e5 18 Iceland ede cscs vcecicressnsevas -R6.0 43 HONBUYaS ese is es ventasossnenses +0.3 19 Uruguayie ess sso csceiessiovsos sass -R5.2 44 Lithuani@seesecsssssesessssens +1.8 0 Rumani@ecie ess see vessssssoness —_5.0 45 Lables sissiosnssciadeeneeoeeas +4.9 21 United States#....ceecccceeee. =R4.5 46 Paraguay.esceceecccccecccccnss +5.2 22 CANadaks so iie ve sve insets snnss 1.24.5 47-40 ColombiBeeuvieusssesvvanne tome +8.1 23 Northern Irelande.c.cecccosses -R4.3 48 Venezuela (ex. tribal Indians) +14.6 4 Germany¥*.eeceeeese oa ene sve vines =R2,5 49 Straits Settlemernts.cecececsee +3945 25 Panama (ex. tribal Indians)... -21.4 BO 7 Mion. sissies san asia vaisients 3444.9 26 JADBIvs slein einen sven s vine sysnne -18.5 51 Federated Malay States.....e.. +47.0 #Registration area not strictly comparable between years (see "source™ for details). lperiod 1921-1941. 2period 1923-1943. 3period 1922-194R. ' Source: Computed from data in table 9, p.10l, and from Vitel Statistics—Special Reports, vol. 9, No. 36. The birth-~rate changes recorded range from de- creases in excess of 40 percent for Bulgaria and England to increases of 40 percent or more for the Federated Malay States, Straits Settlements, and Mexico. The United States and Canada appear about midway inthe array with decreases in the birth rate of about R5 percent between 1920 and 1940. It must be remembered that the birth rate for 1920 in the United States includes data for only R3 States which comprised the birth~registration area then, while that for 1940 is for continental United States. If the decrease for these 23 States alone is computed, it is found to be R7.1 percents : Changes in the birth rate over long periods of time have usually been associated with identifiable changes in the industrialization and urbanization of nations. It is interesting to note that the greatest decreases in the birth rate between 1920 and 1940 occurred among the countries with the low- est rates in 1920, namely, the industrialized na- tions of Western Europe. The countries showing no appreciable change or, indeed, increases in the birth rates are Asiatic, African, and Iatin Ameri- can, where the economy is still primarily agricul- tural and the birth rate correspondingly high. Dr. Frank W. Notestein in Problems of Policy in Relation 50 STRAITS SETTLEMENTS 40 CHILE ol o Sr— {URUGUAY No. ~o__PoLAND —_—C Nii Troe YS ARGENTINA (ex. TERR.) DENMARK “| IRELAND AUSTRALIA RATE PER 1,000 TOTAL POPULATION nN o ~~ —— _——— "NitaLy bo] ] | | | | fod ee) 0 1912 Note. — For source of data and explanatory footnotes, see the following: 3 1915 1912-1919, table 111, p. 27 1920-1936, Vital Statistics — 1937-1944, table 9, p. 101. 1920 1925 1930 Special Reports, vol. 9, No.36 and Summaries of Biostatistics for Latin American Republics. RATE PER 1,000 TOTAL POPULATION Figure 4. — TREND OF CRUDE BIRTH ( Rates are the number of births 50 ~%~0w gq y—0=0"" \ ° Cai %, rN / o J / oll Ni 40 ese, COLOMBIA INDIA “A {Boris MaLTa AND Gozo o o _{BRAZIL (CITIES) CANADA NORTHERN IRELAND SPAIN {UNITED STATES nN o SCOTLAND ENGLAND AND WALES FRANCE ed 0 1912 1915 RATES IN 47 COUNTRIES: reported per 1,000 total population ) 1912 -1944 50 T4502 S500 PALESTINE CosTa Rica 40 “VENEZUELA ol o RATE PER 1,000 TOTAL POPULATION nN o o ht i 5 7 \ 3 “4! Fa) 4 IW 7 3 . or! | ‘oe 0~0—qf ® / Ny Se / BEN \ CHOSEN, | oF ° i \ ; J 1° % i omomo=y > % \ rig i ° Pf \ 1 oki ° 3 fi N ul ANE J 4 Sir Y \ Y X § ] : Zs } Foard i Y 17 \ \ / / ° 1 i$ 7 i ° 3 7 I ° ge — \ ¢ Yl =, } ELE ° 1 3 1 ° A ; 2 3 UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA NEW ZEALAND (EX. MaORIS) FINLAND SWITZERLAND asses ESTONIA ceseensesesssst NORWAY alr Da CzecHosLovaKIA® 10 0 bd Fodbiod oy Lobos l fd ] | poorer ol foe 1912 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 *1935-1943 data are for Bohemia and Moravia only. I6A 50 \ MEXICO 40 \ CEYLON ow o JAPAN (PROPER) PORTUGAL NETHERLANDS BuLcaRIA {HUNGARY {SWEDEN RATE PER 1,000 TOTAL POPULATION nN Oo | 1 | | 0 1912 l 1915 1920 *1940-1941 data are for 19 departments only to Areas of Heavy Population Pressure” has stated that lowered birth rates have appeared only in so- cieties which set great store by the individual, his health, welfare, and advancement. Such socie- ties develop a rational and materialistic outlook on life. Such outlooks are not yet prevalent in India, Ceylon, the Malay States, Egypt, or Mexico, and undoubtedly fertility may be expected to remain high in these areas for some time to come. Birth rate trends during 1940-1944 In contrast to the long term downward trend of the birth rate, a change in direction took place during the late 1930's and early 1940's in a ma= jority of the countries of the world. Except for France, Belgium, Portugal, Spain, Rumania, and Bul- garia, every country, which had shown a decrease in the birth rate between 1920 and 1940, had also shown a tendency to halt the decline and, in some cases, to begina slow increase during the 1930's. Germany, England, the United States, Denmark, and Sweden ap- parently attained their lowest birth rates about 1933 and began to show a reversal of the trend; for Canada, New Zealand, Norway, and the Union of South Africa a slight upward swing began a year or so later. By 1940-1942, this gradual rise had made up the depression deficit, and was suddenly accelerated into an upward spurt which brought almost every country of Western Europe, Oceania, and North Ameri- ca, to crude birth rate levels not reached in many instances since the 1920's. In Italy, Austria, and Germany, the sudden rise in the birth rate appeared at an earlier date (1938 or 1939) apparently as a result of their national population policies. The increase was not sustained in these countries however. Italy's birth rate dropped from R3.4 in 1940 to below 21 in 194%, and has not as yet risen again, Austria's crude rate rose from 14 in 1938 to a high of almost RR in 1940, a rate not reached in that country since 1923. But in 194%, Austria's birth rate had fallen to 17 and it is probable that it will not soon rise again to the previous level. The sudden increase of Germany's birth rate from under 15 per 1,000 in 1933 to over 20 in 1939 was not sustained, and in 1942 the crude rate had declined again to below 15, It may be noted in this connection that in Poland, Bulgaria, Rumania, and Greece, the birth rate fell precipi- tously as early as 1937 and has not as yet evidenced a tendency to rise, a situation perhaps attributable to the Axis policy in regard to these countries both before and during the recent war. The extent to which the upward trend, begun in 1940, was either sustained or exceeded by the ex— perience of subsequent war years is shown by the following tabulation in which the birth rates re- corded ina selected group of countries during 1941, 1942, 1943, and 1944 are shown as percents of the 1940 rates 170ffice of Population Research. School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton. Published in Demographic Studies of Selected Areas of Rapid Growth. Proceedings of the Round Table on population problems. Twenty-second annual conference of the Milbank Memorial Fund, April 1-13, 1944. A NATALITY ; 17 \ TABLE E.—CRUDE BIRTH RATES IN 1941-1944 SHOWN AS PERCENTS OF 1940 RATE: R1 COUNTRIES ‘Country 1941 | 1942 | 1943 | 1944 Australias sss ecco snares): 105 1106 1014 Bolgiti.. ve insesvsvenerseal 90 0 97 [700 Ons CanBda. ve seve es sive verinnset JOSE E1090 0ET] DO 1314 CeYloNesssssesssssorsssneee] I0R 1103 1-113 104 Czechoslovakia (Bohemia and Moravia)edesssissersens) 105011 | 130 —_— DermaTi. ss ctssnsansnoneseee] 10H] 2 I0T]18 125 England and WaleS.eeeeeeees 97 11084 J1e 121 Finland. veeceressevsennssse] 106 83 [+115 120 France ve seve sss senna sees 95 it 105, 4- 115 118 Teelande esse. ee se snvensssses] 105: 140206127 122 Trelantiece sie ves sissies nsimeone 99 «117 1°114 116 Netherlands .esseesevsenases 98-1,101 .1 111 115 New Zealand (ex. Maoris)...| 108 | 102 93 102 Northern Ireland.....sssessf 107 | 1171123 120 NOrwaYeeeesssncensoecasssine 95 108 117 120 Portugsle desis ve vinsnrlvios vanes 98 98 | 102 103 Scotland. cs. seeissveraoiviens iid 103 108 108 SWEdeNe sess sinissiacssnnen nee) 1045118 129 135 Switzerland. .eessvsesesinnes jill of 12] 126 129 Union of South Africa / Z (Ruropeans).. es varseevsvay 98:1 1004] 102 4105 United StateS.setecseeccese| 106 117 | 120 113 Source: Computed from data in table 9, p. 101. Contrary to the experience in Austria, Germany, and Italy, the other countries of Western Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the Union of South Africa, all indicate surpris=- ingly high birth rates through 1944. Sweden, in 1944, recorded a birth rate 35 percent higher than its 1940 rate; Switzerland's birth rate had in- creased R9 percent; and Demmark's, R5 percent over the earlier levels A slight recession in the birth rate for some countries appeared in 1945, probably as a result of the 1944 all-out effort to bring the war to a close and the existence of famine condi- tions in Europe,during the winter of 1944-45, How— ever, it seems almost certain that the annual rates for 1946 will exceed those established in 1945, The sudden upward swing in the natality curve with the advent of World War II was in exact opposi- tion to the trend experienced by the birth rate dur- ing World War I. Figure 4 shows that during the pe=— riod beginning ‘with 1915 there was, for most coun- tries, a sharp decline inthe birth rate followed at the close of the war by an equally sharp increase, bringing the rate againto the prewar level or above. However, the decline which set in following the re- covery was a very marked resumption of pre-World War I trends which continued, as has been noted above, until the mid 1930's and beyond. Although natality trends during World War II have been different from those prevailing during the previous conflict, it seems probable that after a peak is reached, the birth rates for most countries will decline rather rapidly to prewar levels and resume their immediate prewar trends. : 117 “¥ _ " " TRIS pa RTT i w.r A ji Geographic variations in the level of the crude birth rate Since the effect of World War II on the numera- tor and denominator of the crude birth rate became ; effective, in general, beginning with 1941, the year 11940 has been chosen as a reference point from which ~~ to examine the birth rate levels in various parts of ifs the world. From table 9, page 101, the 1940 crude birth rates for 59 countries have been abstracted and ranked from highest to lowest. Figure 5 has been constructed to show graphically the wide divergence ~~ in the rates. It must be remembered that variations heli in registration completeness and procedures, and in- accuracies in population estimates, as well as funda-— ~ mental differences in age, sex, -and marital-status composition of the population, affect these crude rates to varying degrees. It is assumed here that, ‘since differences between rates are so great in spite of underregistration, some idea of the world picture may be obtained from the comparison. Rates for Brazil as a whole, Haiti, and Cuba have been omitted from I figure 5 because they represent obviously incomplete | reporting; the Dominican Republic is not shown for ~~ the same reason and because of the disproportionate ; number of delayed reports included in 1940. ih Outranked only by the Maoris of New Zealand, | Mexico heads - the group with a crude birth rate of | 44.5 per 1,000 population, a rate more than three A times as large as the lowest rate of 13.6 reported i ~ by Belgium. In between these two extremes, the Latin American countries and those in Africa and Asia for which statistics are available, show high crude birth rates, while the countries of Northern and Western Europe, the United States and Oceania show relative- ly low rates. The rate of 31.4 reported for British India is probably only about two-thirds the correct figure when Enderregistrationds taken into consider- ation. Relationship between marital status of population and crude birth rate In table 6, page 90, there is presented for a number of countries the percentage distribution of the enumerated population by marital status. This distribution is, of course, affected by the age dis- tribution of the female populationas a whole in that the percentage of the married population tends to increase with the "age" of a population. From data given in the report, it is impossible to adjust among -populations for age differences because the informa- tion on marital status by age refers only to the single population. It has been proved, however, that age-adjustment has little effect on the rank order. It is believed that the distribution is affected to a much greater degree by differences in marriage ‘mores . When the crude birth rates in 1940 are compared with the percentage of married females 15 years of / age and over in the population, it is evident that there is little correlation between the two. Some of the lack of agreement might be attributed to the ~~ fact that it is not always possible to compare mari- ~~ tal status and birth rates for the same year. A Lo more cogent reason for dissimilarity might be that | the marital status concept is interpreted in each a country according to its own laws and religion, and Bed .it is not likely that these concepts are interna- INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS tionally . comparable. The size of the crude birth rate is obviously dependent ~ on many factors other than the reported incidence of married females in the population, although this factor is of importance in the analysis of age-specific birth rates. ; Legitimacy, —Because of very great differences in definition, legitimacy has not been analyzed as a factor in the size of the birth rate. Table 12, page 116, gives the number of single and multiple ° deliveries by legitimacy, as well as the number of infants resulting from multiple births, by legitimacy and vitality. This table might serve as a basis for further work on the subject. In regard to plural births, much more detailed information is needed on birth order and age of mother, etc., before a study could be initiated. Age-limited birth rates The use of the crude birth rate as an index to the fertility of a nation is open to criticism be- cause it is affected by the age-sex composition of the population. To overcome this inadequacy, age=~ limited birth rates and birth rates specific for age of mother have been calculated for a number of coun- tries and are shownin table 11, page 113. The rates are computed on an average of 3 years experience, centered on a year when an adequate estimate of pop- ulation by age and sex was available. The periods involved do not agree exactly from country to country, but when possible, an average around 1940 is pre- sented. For Austria, Bulgaria, Italy, and Poland, no more recent data were available than those which appeared in the previous report? published in 1940. Hence for these four countries, the age-specific birth rates for the earlier period are reprinted, in order that table 11 might include the latest avail- able figures for each country. The births by age of mother from which the average is computed are shown in table 10, page 104. Data for Mexico and Sweden refer to confinements, and those for Germany and Peru (1940) include stillbirths. Although it is known that multiple births occur more often to women in older age groups, for purposes of this report, it may be assumed that the distribution of live births by age of mother is substantially the same as that of confinements. The age-limited birth rates for 30 selected countries are arranged in rank order from highest to lowest in table F. For Mexico, Sweden, and Ger- many, the true age-limited total birth rates computed from live births in table 8, page 98, and from other sources, have been substituted in table F for those which refer only to confinements or which include stillbirths. In spite of a difference of a decade in date, Mexico still shows the highest birth rate, 157.0, which is consistent with its crude 1940 rate of 44.5. The lowest age~limited birth rate, 43.7, is reported by Belgium which also recorded the lowest crude rate. Except for countries where the age~limited rates re- for to a period long past (for example, Austria), the rank order is essentially the same as the order of the crude birth rates in 1940. The ratio between the crude and age-limited rates is relatively con stant. “0p. cit. 7 ETE i — " cere TAROT TA NATALITY 19 Figure 5—CRUDE BIRTH RATES IN 59 COUNTRIES: 1940 (Rates are the. number of births reported per 1,000 total population) 0 10 20 30 40 \ 50 I. New Zealand (Maoris) 46.9 3. Cosa Rico 7 : 4. EI Salvador 41.7 SU S-iEqypy 4. . 8: Molayo 40.7 A IAAI AAA IY day 7 [Ecuador 5S 8. Palestine 38.7 EE EB ETSI 9. Russia 138.3 : 11. Paraguay 36.5 ESSER 12. Venezuela 36.0 tq, Chosen 3 5. 15. Nicaragua I ——— 16.:Chile 2 LE ——— 47, Guotemolo 52s I ————— —-.-L:-----ASA--A - : :: ; is Molto and Gozo 3.2. £4 19, Burmo 2 3/2 3 20, Golombig 39 — —_ 21. India (British) 31.4 Ey 22. Japan (proper) DE —— 23. Java ond Madura 229.0 A A ————— 24: Penomo 2 25. Rumgnio 20, | 28. iYugosiovio 225. E—— 27. Union of South Africa (Eur) 25.3 . A ———— 28, Argentina 2 i 25. Pery 2 30. Greece 224.5 A a 32. Portugal 24.3 23, Spain 249. 5 JOO 34. Brazil (cities) 23 7 ———— : 35: lroly A —. 38), Lithuonio 2 37. Bulgaria (1939 terr.) 22.2 ee, 28. Ausirio 2 39. Canada 2 5 40. New Zealand (ex.Maoris) 21.2 41. iNétnerionds 20.8 ed lA l,l eS A ,,,sS ML 42. iceland 2 43. Hungary (Trianon terr.) 20.3 ed 44. Germany (1937 terr.) 20.0 ari re —— 46. Northern Ireland 19.6 SE 47. Latvia 10.7 F—_—_—_—_—___ 48. Ireland 19.1 A —— 49. Denmark 18.2 ——_ 50. Australia 18.0 A 51. United States 17.9 52. Scotland 17.1 EE —uw— 53. Finland 16.9 54. Estonia MO, 55 Norway v8.8 ls > 56. Switzerland 15.2 ___——— 57. Sweden 15.0 ———— 58. England and Wales 14.5 EE 59. France 13.8 _— 60. Belgium 13.6 0 10 40 50 RATE PER 1,000 TOTAL POPULATION 11938 rate. 21939 rate. Note. — For source of data and explanatory footnotes, see table 9, p. 101. 4 £ ~ Finland, and Chile, the Sn 20 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS 1 TABLE F.—AVERAGE ANNUAL AGE-LIMITED BIRTH RATES: 30 COUNTRIES, RECENT PERIOD (Rates are the average anmual number of births re- ported in a specified period, per 1,000 female ' population 15-54 years of age) . Rank : Average - order Country Period rate 1 | MexicOeseesseerecscscesss]| 19R9.1931 | « 157.0 PR Chilocesssescocsssscenes | 1939-1941] 119.3 3 Polandeessssssscsssescses | 1930-1932] 1105.0 4 Bulgaria (1939 territory) | 1934-1935| 104.9 5 Japan (proper)ees.......| 1939-1940| 104.2 6 | Peru (ex. jungle / population)eceecescsess | 1940-1941] 102.2 7] Spain®..seescsenesensene | 1920-19311 98,5 8 Union of South Africa - (BUropeans).eecee.es ee | 1940-1942 88,6 9 Portugal.ceececsceessces | 193921941 87.2 10 ZLalY soe anions esis vivo]: 1935-1057 82.0 1 Canada. ..covessvessseeeos i 1940-1942 79.8 12 New Zealand (ex. Maoris). | 1940-1941 74.5 13 NetherlandSeececoeceesss. | 1940-1941 70.7 1g Hungary (Trianon territory) eceeecece... | 1936-1938 68.R 5 Finland. .eecccsnsssovese| 1939-1941 67.0 16 Australia (ex. aboriginals)..........| 1940-1942 63.1 17 Iatvigesseecvorecasnsoesl 1938-1939 62.5 18 Germany (1937 territory). | 1936-1938 6R.3 19 Czechoslovakia. ...eeeess | 1934-1936 60.8 R0 Denmarkeeecesesceocossss | 1939-1941 60.4 QL United States.ececeeeess| 1939-1941 60.1 22 Scotlande.cccesesceecess| 1940-1942 57.9 23 Switzerlandeecosssoeesse | 1940-1942 54.7 4 Estionifeeesssessssscsee. | 1937-1938 5342 25 NOIrWaYeeeeeooeseossosose | 1939-1941 51.6 26 Swedenessesessscssessses| 1939-1941 50.4 7 England and WaleS..ee.es | 1939-1940 47.8 28 | France? (87 departments). | 1940-1942| 46.8 9 Mustria.seceesseossseese] 1953-1034 45,5 50 | Belgium®....ssevsveriens| 1940-1942] 43,7 11940 data include stillbirths. 2pata exclude, in addition to stillbirths, infants born alive but dying before registration of birth. Source: Table 11, p. 113. Age-specific birth rates When age-specific birth rates for two or more time periods are compared, it is found, as would be expected, that rates for the 1920 period exceed those for subsequent periods at almost every age. Between the rates at the beginning and end of the fourth decade, however, the relationship is not so simple. Far the Netherlands, Japan, Portugal, France, age-specific rates for the period around 1940 were ' lower at every age than those around 1930. On the other hand, in the Union of South Africa, the United - States, Canada, and Norway, the 1940 rates at ages through 20 to 24 exceeded the 1930 experience, but birth rates for ages 25 and over had declined. For the same pe- riod, Sweden, England, New Zealand, Australia,® and Denmark likewise showed increased birth rates at all ages up to 30, and Switzerland up to age 35. It is evident that, in general, the increase in the birth rate between 1930 and 1940 has been due pri- marily to births at younger ages. With the almost universal increase in the birth rate between 1940 and 1944, it may be that the declines at specified ages have now been checked. Data for Denmark re-— veal that the 1942-43 age-specific birth rate for ages R0 to R4 was even higher than the correspond-— ing 1920-R1 average. Denmark's experience may in- dicate the changes which can be expected for war years. Information on birth order is not given in this report, but no doubt the analysis of the world's birth rates along this line would yield in-— teresting variations. Two distinct patterns emerge fromthe individual country curves of age-specific birth rates given in table 11. One pattern appears to be peculiar to the United States, Hungary, and Bulgaria, and is dis- tinguished by the peak of the fertility curve oc- curring at ages 20 to 24. The second pattern, pe- culiar to all other countries represented, places the highest specific birth rates at ages R5 to 29, Curves for Peru, the Union of South Africa (Euro- peans), and Czechoslovakia while belonging to the second pattern, exhibit a tendency toward high age— specific birth rates at ages 20 to R4 also. An ex— planation of these two patterns may be found in the percent of female population married, in the concom— itant proportions of female population single in each age group, and in the average ageat marriagein var-— ious countries. Table 6 shows the percentage of female popula- tion married in 42 countries. It is evident from this table that the United States has a very high proportion of its female population 15 years and over reported in the "married" category. Only 7 population groups outrank the United States in this index, namely, the Malay States, Bulgaria, India, Egypt, Palestine, Yugoslavia, and the native Maoris in New Zealand. Of this group, birth rates by age of mother are available only for Bulgaria, and it has been indicated above that Bulgaria shows the same age-specific birth rate patternas the United States in terms of peak fertility by age. Similarly, in table 7, page 94, it is shown that at the time of the last census, the United States reported only 47 percent of its female population between 20 and R4 years as "single," contrasted with 75 percent for the Netherlands, 7% percent for Sweden, and 61 per- cent for Canada. Hungary reported 50 percent of its female population aged 20 to 24 "single" at the time of the 1941 census, and Bulgaria in the 1934 census showed 35 percent "single." These population facts are corroborated by data on the actual age at marriage. For selected Euro- 1B px cept at ages under 20 where the 1932-34 rate was 25.4 and the 1940-42, 24.0, NATALITY pean countries, recent available information on the mean age of women at the time of marriage is given below: Belgium, 1935..... 25.9 Germany, 1933..... 6.1 Denmark, 1939..... 25.4 Hungary, 1939..... 24.2 England and Wales, Italy, 1934..e..0. 24.6 1940... 0s es R5.8 "Scotland, 1941.... 26.1 France, 1935...... R6.5 Sweden, 1938..... «27.0 Data for the United States are not available, but estimates ‘indicate that females inthe United States marry at an earlier age than women in most European countries. The evidence of the births-by-age-of-mother curves coupled with the above data suggests that first births are taking place at an earlier age in the United States and are not being followed by ad- ditional births to the extent that they are in some other countries of the world. Thus,the highest age- specific birth rates occur at ages 20 to 24. Many factors have been involved in establishing this age- specific birth rate pattern in the United States, a pattern which hasnot changed appreciably sincel923. One of the factors which comes to mindat once is the decrease during the last 20 years in the proportion of foreign-born in the population. The presence in the population of a nonwhite element which consist- ently maintains, at the younger ages, higher birth rates than the white® might also help to explain the pattern. These data indicate that a more de- tailed investigation of the race differentials in other areas is necessary. Crude rates of natural increase The crude birth rate shows only the amount by which the population is increased through the addi- tion of infants. "It is simply the measure of the magnitude of the problems of prenatal, postnatal,and infant care."? Rates of natural increase or de~ crease, that is, rates computed on the balance of births and deaths, give some measure of the over-all gain or loss in a population throughthe addition of births and the subtraction of deaths. In"table G are presented in rank order from highest to lowest, the 1940 rates of natural increase for 63 countries. Four countries,Estonia,Finland, Belgium, and France, showed rates of natural decrease in whichdeaths out numbered births. All other European countries and the United States showed excesses of births over deaths though of relatively small magnitude. New Zealand (Maoris), Latin America, Russia, and coun- tries in eastern Asia and in Africa showed high natural increase rates. These results are consist ent with the high crude and age-~limited birth rates in these areas. Egypt, Ceylon, and India, on the other hand, while reporting high birth rates,report also correspondingly high death rates by which the potential natural increase is markedly limited. 120p. cit. 196deral Security Agency. U.S. Public Health Serv- ice. National Office of Vital Statistics. Births by Age of Mother, Race, and Birth Order: United States and Each State, 1944. Vital Statistics— Special Reports, vol. 25, No. 9. Washington, D. C. 1946. 21 TABLE Ge~—CRUDE RATES OF NATURAL INCREASE OR DECREASE: 63 COUNTRIES, 1940 (Rates are the difference between the crude birth and death rates) Rank order Country Natural increase or decrease [ES ary aa ERR EREE © o-oo trom New Zealand (MaoriS)eececececececceces Costa RicCHesvssseeesseosseescenee PAraguaye ceveosnsinnsoedonsiosees oe El S21lvador.cesvssssesvessseirens MBX1COes sss ess ssavvmrainnvenisee HonAUuraSe ce cee ssossessssssiasone MRlayBesscssseseneesosionssesseee Rus8i8sevsvssssonsssensevsncoese Palestine (settled population). . Venezuela (ex. tribal Indians).. Nicaragifie see ssssesssssossnensiss BoURAOT s+ ove sisssnsensseosessnese ChOSENsssssssssssessnsevssncanse Colombia sees sns ens svseseosece Panama (ex. tribal Indians)eee.. Union of South Africa (BUTODEBnE) e's ov «000s sins sunr ie Guatonfilac. ce ovsvevosasvesinoseny Coy1lonseesssensisssscsssessecsses BZYDbs vss cssvsessenecsionsvescesee Argentinfecssscevssssesdossceses JBpANe cssesessssssssssensssssces New Zealand (ex. Moris).eesecess CanBdBe«ssis's sv vesvsseiesses sieve ChilOsesavsiessesenosnccesnsessce Peru (ex. jungle population)... NetherlandS...seessssvecsssdoosse Yugoslavia ceie vs ssesannsesssense Or80Ch ess se vnssssissesenvevsevae India (British). sseesesesesanes Bolivit ss eaioeensoness veins cos Polande ev ivosnenesesecions sone Icolandecsesnsasss secs seseoses Java and Maduraees esses sa vones UrUgudYeedsssssseesessenereseens Haiblautsevssecnennssssnsseseions "Lithuanize ess ens ven cesnanssision T5alY es vrsnsnenes esses iasionese Malta and (0Z0eess sins sseiosiss viene Burfifie sess eesnine ves sennesssiven CUDBevs sus vnnsisssnmeniaes cron doi Bulgaria (1939 territory)....... Poritugaleseeosessesess esos sense Australia (ex. aboriginals).,... BPain. ve vison se eieieoinlais sole oinen'e DOTHATK. Jews snr venvsesnestie sive Germany (1937 territory)........ Rumanifies cece cinvsoseesossces ase United B1a108. vn esvieessvsiovosese AUS LYIAssenesvesecesearasesessve Hungary (Trianon territory)..... NOYWBY os s.v o's s's 80 sis sie viv aesioniate sie Northern Irelandeescecescccssceos Irelands .ossesesvesoesisanssee See footnotes at end of table. 29,4 25.6 #5,0 24,2 21.2 21.0 20.6 120.5 20,2 19.4 19,0 18.4 118,0 16.9 16.5 15.9 15.8 15.2 15.1 ; 13.7 13.0 12.0 11.7 11.7 g N © © ° » #9, ~3 0 @® e eo oo Ong a) » © .® ©COoONWmMONON BOUTON * eo © m ~ TABLE G.——CRUDE RATES OF NATURAL INCREASE OR DECREASE: 63 COUNTRIES, 1940—Continued (Rates are the difference between the crude birth and death rates) ; Natural Rank increase order Country or : decrease } 54 Bragilobses sere orsssanvens snes 144.8 155 Cl TatUias. sun earstvivel visas eoves 349 56 SWEdCNy « wiviws sss sess sists revine 3.6 57 Switzerland ..eseescsnsssssesinss 3.2 58 Czechoslovakia (Bohemia and Moravia) eecesnsisovesssrvssssase 5.1 759 Scotlandesssssssesorvssssnssenss Re7 60 England and WaleSeeeeoeesessoess 046 61 ESO ssssvessissssscrenvesiocns 0.6 62 BInlandes«sosesisasvescosseesnnes —R.1 63 Belgitmseseenscossansiosnisinsee R46 64 France (87 departments)esceces.. ~5el ~ ¥Unreliable. 11938 data. 21939 data. Sources Computed from rates in tables 9 and 15, Pp. 101 and 136. - Gross and net reproduction rates To determine whether or not a country's popula- tionis actually reproducing itself, natural increase ~ rates are not enough. For this purpose, it is nec- essary to turn to the gross or net reproduction rates. ‘Rates for a number of countries covering various pe- | riods, when data were available, are presented in | table 13, page 128. An explanation of the computa— tion of the rates is given in the table. Both the gross and the net reproduction rates are refinements of the age-limited fertility rates 2 referred to above. The gross rate indicates the average number of live female children one woman k would produce if the age-specific fertility rates at the beginning of the period were effective throughout ; the childbearing period. This rate assumes that no ~~ woman dies until after the childbearing period is passed. It is essentially the sum of the age-specif- ic birth rates at each year of life. The net repro- duction rate carries the refinement one step further and introduces the element of mortality, taking into account the loss of potential mothers by death. It must be remembered that both the gross and the net reproduction rates are based on fixed specific birth and death rates. If these rates remain in force, the replacement of the population will take place at the rate indicated by the reproduction rates so calcu- lated; if these specific rates are changed, the re- placement may be taking place at a different rate. Comparison of the gross and net reproduction rates, in table 13, emphasizes the great variation present between countries of the world in regard to these indices, and serves also to reveal the high FEES EET INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS : i mortality rates existing inmany areas. For example, Egypt exhibits a gross reproduction rate of 3.1 in 1937. This may be interpreted to mean that at the age-specific birth rates prevailing in 1937, 100 wo- men in the childbearing age will produce 310 girls for the next generation, presuming that no woman dies during the childbearing years. This is the maximum fertility that can be expected at prevailing age specific birth rates. However, when the potential mortality of this group of women is taken into ac- count, the net reproduction rate becomes 1.4 for Egypt in 1937. This large differential in the in=- dices points up the appalling mortality from which Egypt suffers. Likewise for India, the gross repro- duction rate was R.99 in 1930-31, while for the same period the net was only 1.33. In comparison, Canada's gross reproduction rate of 1.4R in 1940-42 is only reduced to 1.27 when mortality is taken into account. Since the net reproduction rate is the most use- ful and specific index for determining the intrinsic reproductivity of a nation at prevailing levels of natality and mortality, the net reproduction rates from table 13 have been arranged in rank order from highest to lowest in table H. Since these rates refer to different time pe— riods, comparisons are not strictly valid. However, it may be assumed that those for periods in the 1920's probably overstate, while those for 1930-1940 understate the reproduction rates in force at the present time. Many changes in natality have taken place during the last decade—changes which may have the effect of increasing the net reproduction rates. It is evident at once that there are marked dif- ferences between = countries in regard to this index, the rate ranging from a high of 1.7 for the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic in 1926-28, to 0.75 for Belgium in 1940. In the available series, it is the Asiatic and African countries which show high replacement rates. Latin America is represented by Chile with a net reproduction of 1.19, coupled with a comparable gross rate of 2.06. A gross rate of 2.54 for Mexico in 1929-31 and of 1.68 for Peru / in 1940-41 are available. Both are relatively high and indicate that net reproduction rates for these countries would probably fall in the same part of the range as that for Chile. It is seen, moreover, that 14 countries in- cluding the United States showed a net reproduction rate of less than unity. Three other countries show rates of unity. At the natality and mortality rates prevailing when these calculations were made, these 14 countries with net reproduction rates of less than one would not be able to replace their population in the next generation by natural increase alone. With the exception of the United States, these countries represent European nations, all of which showed crude rates of natural increase below 8 per 1,000 population. Hypothetically, the mortality risk in some of these areas could be lessened in the future and the. net reproduction rate thereby in- creased. But in most of these countries the death rate is already at the low level where it is very difficult to bring about a further reduction. The only answer to the problem, therefore, seems to be to secure and maintain an increased birth rate. It is noteworthy that the net reproduction rate reacts to even relatively small changes in the birth rate, as witnessed by the effects produced for the United States, Rumania, and Yugoslavia when corrections are made for underregistration of births (see table H). ¥ ¥ 1 Obviously, the population of the United States and of most of the European countries will decline in absolute size at some time in the future unless basic changes take place in the birth or death rates or unless immigration is encouraged. The fact that the populations of Asia, Latin America, and Africa (For explanation of rate, see table 13, p. 128) I TRIE aah an GENERAL MORTALITY are growing in spite of their present high mortality bE TABLE H.—NET REPRODUCTION RATES: 37 COUNTRIES, RECENT PERIOD 2 is an indication that they will continue to grow more rapidly in the future because almost certainly the mortality rates in these areas will fall before the fertility rates are depressed. Pa Country Period a Bene Country Period 1 Russia: R0 SpaiNecesevsesesccscsces. 1937 Russian Soviet 21 Australia (ex. aborig— : Federated SeRe oee.e..| 1926=~1928| 1.7 ANBILE Yee sie sinio simi sles go's 1940 Ukrainian SeSeHe osceee. 1929| 1.39 22 | Mustrige.sesescecceraes. 1939 2 RNAI Re sess sans renee ss| 1930-19510 31,45 23 | Hungary (Trianon i, : 1930-1931 | 21.40 HETTILOTY Ye ves wnnno nie 1938 3 JSPs se veressnsesessnse 1937] 1.44 24 IATViRs seuss sess eeeinniole 1939 4 Foye dosrsosnnsrnravoni 19570 1.4 25 Germany (1937 territory) - 1940 5 YugoslaviBeseeesseesaes.| 1930-1932] 21,39 26 United States: 1930-1932 | 21.45 6 Union of South Africa (Buropeans)seescesces. 1940| 1.35 7 INGiBs es eivesesssvesevenesi 1I50=1951| +1433 8 Portugal...v.oesetssesen 1933] 1.29 9 CanadB eves asesssverases sf 1940-1042] 21,27 10 Greets es vscsvesiniverns ey L1931-19321 1.25 11 New Zealand (ex. Maoris). 1940 1.20 12 Cnileececsessrcrnsonnens) 1951-1941] 1.19 13 Bulgaria (1939 territory) | 1933-1936| 1,19 14 Ireland (Eire).eeesse...| 1940-1942| 1.19 15 Malta and GOZOsssseeses.| 1930-1932 1.19 16 NetherlandSeees.oeeeeses]| 1940 1.18 17 TEalY eens vsinn'snesvssesse) 1935-1937 1.13 18 Polands ses css sivsiesesies se 1934] \ 1.11 19 Northern Irelandeeeses..| 1925-1927| 1.10 Total populationeee....| 1935~1940 Total population.ee..e.| 1935~1940 White population....e..| 1935-1940 White population......s| 1935-1940 R17 Denmark: cee severe cecnine 1940] - 28 Finland, 's sens eissoss essen 1938 29 Scotland... vesssssssnnenis 1940 30 France (87 departments). . © 1940 31 NOYWBY ess 0 cnvvivsesa’seses 1940 3R SwWedens es eessscessvssess 1940 33 Switzerland. ....vsevsnes 1940 34 CzechoslovaKi@eeesaeoes o 1935 z5 Botonin., cevisisess viens .- 1938 36 England and WaleS.eeeoe s ©1940 37 Belgium. secs vosevsssisseie 1940 adjusted for estimated underregistration of births and deaths. 2(madjusted for underregistration. 3Burgdérfer Index which is only roughly equivalent to the net reproduction rate. Source: Table 13, p. 128. GENERAL MORTALITY The crude death rate measures for an area the magnitude of the loss imposed ona population by the death of its members. It may be used to compare the ‘loss of one country with that in other countries. However, in general practice, there isa tendency to interpret the crude death rate in terms of compara- tive health conditions or as an index to social wel- fare status and standards of living, For these pur- poses the crude rate provides onlya very rough index to the situation because it is affected by many qual- ifying factors chief of which is the varying age-sex composition of the populations Trend of crude rates For purposes of trend analysis for the same area, the crude death rate in normal times serves almost as well as a more refined over-all rate, In figure 6 are presented the trends of the crude death rate for some 47 selected countries during the period 1912-1944. These trends have been plotted from data given for 1937-1944 in table 15, page 136, and for 1912-1919 in appendix table V, page 278. The Inter- national Vital Statistics Summary published in 1940% together with other sources has provided rates for 1920-1936. Tt will be noted that with the exception of | Egypt, Malta, and Colombia, mortality in every coun- 1 try represented in figure 6 has shown a downward = trend of some degree between the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 and the beginning of World War II. Trend lines for Egypt and Colombia reveal a slow upward movement which is probably due to increases in reg- istration completeness rather than to changes in the = “Op. cit. von : 4 24 ; INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS force of mortality. In spite of wide fluctuations resulting fran epidemicsand irregular reporting,the crude death rates for Ceylon, Chosen,British India, Straits Settlements, Palestine, Mexico,Chile, Costa Rica, and Venezuela show a decided downward trend. A number of countries have shownan almost sta- tionary level of mortality, with only a very slight ‘decline in the crude deathrate during this interwar period. The slight though definite decreases have been limited, in general, to countries in Scandinavia, the British Isles, and North America, where death rates were already low. Death ratesin these.areas, already approaching a minimum, are nowmore difficult to improve and, because of the presence of a large - proportion of older persons in the population,they will no doubt show a tendency to rise. In fact, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Belgium, Germany, and ~ Austria exhibited a change in trend direction, with increasing death rates, as early as 1935 before the Second World War began to influence mortality. In table J the gross changes which occurred in the crude death rates of 51 selected areas between 1920 and 1940 are givenin percentage form. A number of countries do not appear in this compilation be- cause data werenot available. Among those presented, only seven showed increases in the crude death rate over the RO-year period ending with 1940. Of these, six were Buropean countries exhibiting increases ranging from 2.9 for Scotland to 19.5 for Finland. Rates for Belgium, France, and Finland for 1940 re- flect war loss and influenza deaths, while the in- creases for Scotland and England can almost be ex- plained in terms of influenza alone. Of the decreases shown, the largest was for British Indiawith a 47 pereent decrease in the crude death rate, and the smallest for Colombia with 0.7 percent. On the whole, decreasing death rates were most evident. among those countries of Asia and Latin America where crude death rateswere and are at pres-— ent quite high, and where improvements in medical care and sanitation are only now beginning to bear fruit. It may also be said that a number of coun- tries which exhibited large decreases in the death rates. showed increases or at least very small de- creases in the birth rate. The population of these areas, including primarily countries in Asia and TABLE J—PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN THE CRUDE DEATH RATE: 51 COUNTRIES, 1920-1940 Rank Percentage Rank Percentage order Country change order gountry change 1 India (British)cesvevacesvosas 47,3 27 Netherlands. eeessssesiasssss =19.5 2 COSTA RICA. vores vsinnssasanee -43,9 28 United States*eeeceecocsascnes =17.7 3 Federated Malay States..eceo..s. -42.4 29 Switzerland. esc eisesssensivesis =1647 4 Palestine (settled population) 1.41,3 30 Germany es esses sso rsvviasiosssse -16,.6 5 Lithuanigeesceccscvionsiossnnies ~38,2 31 Union of South Africa 6 Bulgaria (1939 territory)..... 37 ¢4 {EUTODEINE) +s sssisasnssivnsne 15.3 7 Paraguay. ...ceesccesvsvvinssea 37.2 3R BStoniasesesonieschssnses sess ese =15,0 8 Cubase cssrsecessnssecsnssaenes =37.1 33 SWedeN. sess sennsessseviensovess -14,3 9 Straits Settlements...:.cceeee -36.1 34 NOr'WaYeeseesessesssscssnssseee -14.1 10 Japan {proper)...ccsecescosse. =35.0 35 Donald, su cave vase dialogs 2.13.8 11 El S31lvadorsssssescesesssceess =34,5 36 Northern Ireland....sccseeeeee ~12.6 2 C1 Portugnl.see.sssorsnenovpsss ~34.2 37. | Brazil (cities)... ceveseesevnny 105 13 | Hungary (Trianon territory)... ~32.2 58 | MEME nn. ue iinet siete iaisinte 3.9.5 34 iL Ohilessssensvsossonesmerveraes -30.6 39 | New Zealand (ex. Maoris)...... -8.9 15 CEYlONseeeseeesssvessnssrannsnse =3062 40 A15tralidecececcscescssesssses =7.6 16 Icelandeccecosccecccsscecacnne -29,.8 41 BEVDUsnevssssassovsimensvsvenen ~-5.4 17 SpPaineecesesoccscecsssccssccee 29.3 42 HonduraSee.seceescssoscossssces -4,1 18 Rumaniaeeecesescesosesscsccssss -29.2 43 Ireland (Eire) ce.ssoessessnvese 3.4 19 Venezuela (ex. tribal Indians) —28,4 44 Colombiae cs vussosssvnsansvsses 0.7 20 Argentin@ececesceccscsosecccnes 8,4 45 (uatemala..soeeceoncess vinisiorrioe +1.8 21 Iabvinh eer. irene cevnicicinsies =27.5 46 Sootlalides sieves sssssniesioene +2.9 22 Panama (ex. tribal Indians)... ~R7.4 47 France#..... hh ue en ae aisiorere +9,9. R3 ZLalyRee ovseisenionsriiovnneos wos =27.3 48 England and Wal€S.esesescsosce +12.,1 4 Uruguay. soo Go nioisevieserivainien 25.6 49 Malba and GOZOss vesisaseeesisoss +12.9 25 AUSETL aR. seis seen russes -R1.1 50 BOLlgiumitis sii vised swnsieiivenies +16.5 26 TENMarKee ese So vecsssessrseenss -R0.,2 51 Finland. .ee.seeicsevevoocaissnes +195 lpgriod 1923-19453. 2Period 1921-1941, 3Period 1922-1942. #Registration area not strictly comparable between years (see "source" for details). Sources ~ Computed from data in table 15,p. 136 , and from Vital Statistics—Special Reports, vol. 9, No.36. Figure 6. — TREND OF CRUDE DEATH ( Rates are the number of deaths 40 we 40 em — ——] ve 30 [=a EGYPT | i | % X A: i § 1 — z A X Z on 2 © \ | 2 Lie r g \ 5 ti \ = \ | = |: \ 2 . > 4 \ a Ni | a 1: \ oS ot : 2 3 A a Rola J 2 iY Baran 2 = % / Imacra AND GOZO 2 Yi 2 o d FRANCE o 8 J 3 8 S 7 & o = A @ Ine = w o— a a w w eo CoLomBIA 5 Soli 2 CosTa Rica IRELAND ree 7 3 PORTUGAL SPAIN “+. JNORTHERN IRELAND Hungary NScorLanp ENGLAND AND WALES 10 UNITED STATES ~ a=] SRgENTING Canapa Wn = = ~~ ~~ —— — in AUSTRALIA ~ pp ol a Lae = & ob tall pn a a SE aE Po Le ei Ye) oe red ey ye ey pe YR ee yyy 1912 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1944 1912 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1944 Note.— For source of data and explanatory footnotes, see the following: y 1912 -1919, table V, p. 278. 1920 - 1936, Vital Statistics — Special Reports, vol. 9, Nc. 36 and Summaries of Biostatistics for Latin American Republics. 1937 - 1944, table 15, p.136. RATES IN 47 COUNTRIES reported per 1,000 total population ) RATE PER 1,000 TOTAL POPULATION 40 1 1912-1944 CEYLON MEXico 7 GERMANY ~ ] JAPAN (PROPER) 7 {BELGIUM BuLGARIA NETHERLANDS SWEDEN NEW ZeaLAND (EX. MAORIS) 0 1912 1915 1920 *1940-194! data are for 19 departments only. 24A EsToNia RATE PER 1,000 TOTAL POPULATION {BRAZIL (CITIES) LAND PALESTINE SWITZERLAND NORWAY l | ~~ UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA (EUR.) 0 1912 *1935.1943 data are for Bohemia and Moravia only. 1915 | GENERAL MORTALITY South America, was thereby augmented tremendously by natural increase. Death rate trends during 1940-44 Crude death rates for 1940-1944 are not con- sidered entirely reliable for a number of reasons, chief of which are the basic difficulties of reporting all deaths during war years, and the divergent prac— tice among reporting nations in regard to the inclu-— sion or exclusion of military deaths fromall causes and civilian deaths due to war. The questionable nature of population bases, asa result of displace— ment and war losses, is also a factor. Because of the confusion and noncomparability of procedure dur— ing these years, there is a tendency to ascribe all violent changes in the death rate to war losses. This is not entirely justified in many instances. For example, a sharp upward turnin the death rate trends for Estonia, Finland, France, Belgium, Scotland, Nor- way, Germany, Northern Ireland, England, and the Netherlands in 1940 was due not only to the rigors of war but also to an outbreak of influenza (see discussion pe 48). The trends for Estonia, Fin- land, the Netherlands, France, and Belgium undoubte— edly reflect also losses due directly to the war just as Spain's trend line reflects the losses sus-— tained in the civil war of 1936-1939. Just as the nonepidemic forces of mortality in 1918-1919 were obscured by the influenza pandemic, many factors obscure, for the time being, the true picture for 1940-1944. In order to bring into a better focus the pic- ture of general mortality in 1941-1944 in terms of 1940 levels, the following indices in table K have been prepared. The crude death rate in 1940 has been considered as 100 and the rate for each succeeding year is shown as a percentage of this base rate. Countries in Iatin America are excluded because these indices are intended to clarify the war-affected pic- ture. Among the rest of the countries only those which showed increases in the death rate sometime during 1941 to 1944 are included. The rates for all others may be assumed to have remained below the 1940 level for all years reported. Since the general death rates in 1940 were rel— atively high, it would be expected that 1941-1944 would show decreases. On the contrary, increases of varying magnitudes were shown. The latest available rate (1943 or 1944) shows a tendency to be higher than that for either preceding year in Bohemia and Moravia, Bulgaria, Demmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands,and Switzerland. In Australia, New Zealand, Ceylon, Northern Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Union of South Africa, Canada, and the United States, 1944 revealed an improved mor— tality index. Australian statisticians attribute this decrease in the 1944 death rate to the fact that during 1941-1943 the heavy war tension caused an increase in the deaths of older persons, but with the coming of improvement in the war situation in 1944, these older deaths decreased in number, The validity of this explanation in regard to other countries could only be proved by a detailed inves— tigation of deaths by age and these data are not yet available. War losses.—The full demographic consequences of World War II will not be ascertained for some years to come. On gross losses of manpower,however, TABLE K.——CRUDE DEATH RATES IN 1941-1944 SHOWN AS i PERCENTS OF 1940 RATE: R7 COUNTRIES Country 1041 | 19421943 | 1944 Australif.. ves visors sssevss 103 | 108 | 106 | 98 Bulgari es eeisvaeicsesse sine 93 96 95°10 101 Fa Canadas see essiss ss servis eon 102 99 103 99 Ceylon. ses esssesoscesevess 91 90 | 104 | 103 Czechoslovakia (Bohemia ; and Moravia)eecceesren.. 101 | 105 | 106 106 DPermark..sveseccssssnoreve 100 93 93.1 100 Estoniade..eeseveccceseceee | 137 | =— | —— | — Finland. .cecesssscronn sets 100 76 67 91 Francesc essssecsssnstssseve 92 89 87 | 102 Greece (Athens and Piraons only) eeeseeoseon 1151.4 300 qO7 I Hungary (Trianon LOTTLLOryY cscs sodesoinass 91101 |“/92) — Iceland. «ves evssssvens sone 112 1 105: 101 95 India (British)eeeeseeeess 105 | 105 | ——=] ——— Trolande ees vesasve ves sve we 103 99 | 104 | 108 Thaly. ..covsvnrrmennvansas | 300] T04: TT T2 5080 17) JEDANe sts sss tainnia senonsuse 94 96 97 1 101 18tvi8. isan cinvcicncrinecsve 113 | —= | === | == Malta and GOZOsseoeossesss | 104 | 140 90 | —— Netherlands... vss everson 101 96.1 102 1-118 = New Zealand (ex. Maoris).. | 107 | 115 | 109 | 108 Northern Ireland.....ss... | 104 91 9 88 Portugal... .codeviviiesiven o |-122:1- 103]. 98 95 BumaniGe esses vsseoveinnieen 97 | 103 96 | —— SDAIN: oer sian een sews | 115 § 780] isp i go Switzerland... .seeessvsvss 93 92 92 | 100 Union of South Africa (Furopeans)......... eves | 101 | 200 { 205 |.20% United StateS..ccceescsces 98 87-102 99 20Metropolitan Life Source: Computed from data in table 15, p. 136. certain figures have been released? which are of interest in evaluating data for 1937-1944. It is estimated conservatively that the Axis Powers lost 5,200,000 persons in the armed services and the United Nations, 4,500,000, Of the latter, Russia's losses are estimated to be about 3,000,000 or two- thirds of the allied losses. The British Empire" lost about 400,000 of which more than 250,000 were from the United Kingdom itself. Among the Dominions, Canada lost 35,000; Australia and New Zealand to- gether, 33,000; India, 30,000; and the Union of South Africa, 10,000. The United States losses to-— taled 325,000, All in all it is estimated that nearly 10,000,000 battle losses were suffered as a result of World War IT as contrasted with about 8,000,000 in World War I. In considering these losses, it must be remembered that an additional number of civilians died both in the Axis and Allied countries as a result of massacres, ill-treatment, Insurance Company. Military Deaths in World War ITI. Statistical Bulletin, vol. 7, No. 1. New York, N. Y. January 1946. Also report from International Committee for the Study of the European Demographic Conse- quences of the War, published in the Journal of American Medical Association, vol. 131, No. 4, pe 351s Chicago, Ill. May RS5, 1946. SC Cl i alls 8; Rie ¥ Ban starvation, and actual war actions. These civilian losses have been estimated anywhere from 1,500,000 to 15,000,000. Air bombardment alone accounted for about 535,000 nommilitary deaths in Germany and 375,000 in Japan. # Geographic variations in the level of the crude ‘death rate pati As in the discussion of world birth rate levels, Word the year 1940 has been chosen for reference in es=— ~ tablishing the rank order of present crude death rates throughout the world. The influence of the war was beginning to be felt in Finland, Estonia, pl and Belgium in 1940, but in the majority of coun- i tries, this year serves as a "normal" year. When | the 1940 crude death rates for 59 selected coun- fr tries are arranged in rank order, figure 7 results. | Egypt with a rate of 26.5 represents the highest © mortality in the group, while New Zealand with 9.2 B deaths per 1,000 has the lowest rate. Iceland, the Netherlands, Canada, Australia, Uruguay, and the Union of South Africa (Europeans) also show rates less than 10 per 1,000. Contrasted with these are crude death rates exceeding R0 for Egypt and Malta, Malaya, Ceylon, British India, and Burma in Asia, as well as Ecuador,” Chile, and Mexico in Latin America. 5 This range in the reported crude death rate is great, yet it still may not represent the true is maximum when underregistration is considered. High as the recorded rate is, India's true death rate i during recent years is estimated to be of the | order of 36 per 1,000.! Rates for the Dominican Republic, Brazil (as a whole), Haiti, and Cuba are so obviously incorrect that they have been omitted ~ from this rank order, but it is almost certain that the rates included for Colombia, Nicaragua, Peru, ~ Paraguay, Panama, Argentina, and perhaps Uruguay are also understated. In view of the high recorded death rates in Mexico and Chile where registration the majority of other Latin American Republics could enjoy crude death rates under 15 per 1,000. y Age-adjus ted mortality indices : In the discussion of birth rates, it was ob- ~ served that the /crude birth rate is not the most satisfactory index to use in comparing natality in ~~ one country with that in another unless it can be © shown that the age-sex composition of the respective 4 populations are identical or at least similar to a ‘high degree. For mortality, this qualification is ‘even more important because the mortality risk var- i ies markedly by age, being much greater at the very early and late years of the life span. Other fac- EB ~ tors being equal, a country with a predominantly © older population would show a higher crude death | rate than one with more persons in the age groups ~~ for .which mortality is lower. It follows then, Be that, by equalizing the effect of age distribution | throughout the various countries being compared, the —., ci dG 2lproblems of Current Demographic Data in India, by P. C. Mahalanobis, Calcutta. Presented at the . fall meeting of the Population Association of America, October R5 and R6, 1946, in New York City. is nominally complete, it wouldnot be expected that . INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS true forces of mortality can be exposed more clearly. In this report the adjustment of the general death rate for age differences in the populations has been accomplished by relating the age-specific death rates directly to a standard population. Any population may be chosen as the standard. The United States standard million in 1940 has been used here toweight equally the mortality experience of each country. The age-specific rates presented in table 17, page 162, were multiplied by the chosen standard million and, for each country, the "ex pected" number of deaths was obtained. These "ex=~ pected deaths" represent the number which would re- sult if the age-specific death rates prevailing in a specified country during the chosen time-period were in effect on a population which, in regard to age distribution, was like that of the United States in 1940. At this point in the adjustment, two courses are open to the investigator. Either the "expected" deaths may be converted to "age-adjusted rates" by dividing by the standard population, or ratios may be computed of the deaths "expected" in each country to the deaths which would occur at the prevailing United States age-specific rates for 1940 in a million of the United States population distributed by age according to the 1940 census. Since the age-adjusted rates are purely hypothetical and perhaps subject to some misinterpretation as "rates," both indices were computed for this report. The "expected death" ratios, presented together with age-adjusted and average annual death rates in table L, are now independent of differences in population age. They give at a glance the percentage by which the specific forces of mortality operating in each country would increase or decrease the number of deaths occurring in a population which in age dis= tributionwas like that of the United States in 1940. Although these ratios refer to several differ- ent. periods, as far back as 1927-29 for Greece and 1929-31 for Czechoslovakia (the latest years for which age~specific rates can be computed), it is believed that they may still be employed for com- parative purposes without danger of misinterpreta- tion. For example, the actual forces of mortality operating in the United States during 1940 produced, in the standard million population, 10,745 deaths. In the same population, the forces of mortality which operated in British India during 1936-1938 would have produced 25,168 deaths, or 134 percent more than the number which actually occurred in the standard population. Likewise, the age-specific rates for Mexico and Chile, had they been prevailing in a population like that of the standard, would have more than doubled the mortality experience. But, if the age-specific rates prevalent in Sweden and Norway during 1939-1941 were operating in a popula- tion like that of the standard used, the mortality would have been only 83 percent of that which ac~ tually occurred. Switzerland, Norway,and Sweden, in addition to Denmark, the Netherlands, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and the Union of South Africa, each showed a more favorable mortality in- dex than the United States. Unfortunately, it is not possible to adjust for age in many of the more questionable areas. With population age-differences practically eliminated, it must be concluded that the death rates for Latin America and for Asia are excessive- ly high for reasons which can only be attributed to relatively poor public health and welfare conditions. > o ETI TR 3 r Ny \ v GENERAL MORTALITY 27 Figure 7. — CRUDE DEATH RATES IN 59 COUNTRIES: 1940 : ) Se ( Rates are the number of deaths reported per 1,000 total population. Unless otherwise specified war losses are included ) / Si 0 5 10 \ 15 20 25 30 I. Egypt 26.5 . riots 2. Mexico 233 § & 3. Burma ‘229 a hl I ed ri ii I UUs 2-1 ¥aliaend Bozo 2 “Fa Sone Zio YASS : 3x 6. Ecuador 209 3 7. Indic (British) 20.7 8. Ceylon 2006 A lO LL A MM ...L LE $:2Maloyo 20 10. Finland 19.0 RAS Elance 3i8's J Et il ei hi UE ie Romenio 55 eR ko SE if A i | 13. Uove and Modura es i i. sO { a Palestine 18.5 i iru a es A ts 15. Brazil (cities) 18.3 ERI . 16. Russia 417.8 EER, Wa 17. EI Salvodor 17.5 RRA Bi 3 18. New Zealand ( Maoris) 17.5 Ser iz \9. Costa Rica 17.4 a i EN ii a i aa 20. Chosen “7.0 i i IT a El ...APH | 2). Estonio 17.0 Km a. 22+ Guatemala (6.8 J lt Ne a i] i bs. Vererusio 16.6 HEE —— 24." Japan (proper) A at iu, A, ND A Sa 25. Spain 16.4 TR Ba 26. Honddros ea a el s,s A yoo 27. Belgium ea Sl lS 28. Portugal St A es 4 29. Latvia 15.3 EET 30... Colombia 15.0 fe i a a Us LG a1 “Austria is0 i a i Ea a BLP 32. \Yugosiavio 115.0 a i i. Wl 33. Northern Ireland 14.6 TT 34. Hungary (Trianon terr.) 14.5 TE : Bh 35. Nicaragua 14.4 = TS HA 36. Scotland 14.4 mE hs 37. Ireland 14.2 mre } 3 38. England and Wales 13.9 ETE TET 1 39. Poland 43.8 i iis i HS Bl ioe tL 40 ‘Greece 13.8 a i A ; : ai italy 2136 BE A A a SL 42. Bulgaria (1939 terr.) 13.4 CI SEN RRA Peru 13.2] a4. Litheonio 13.1 Lith ll i.e.-od / 45. Germany (1937 terr.) 312.6 EE TMS 46. Switzerland 12.0 a7. Paraguay } a i Ue UES Sill li ar 48. Argenting Ire AE a gill i.. H- a9. Panamo C123 J —————— 50. Sweden , a i rl Bl i, LL ole Norwdy ii 0 ———EEEEEETEE——— 52. United States 510.7 a -.-- A tai 83 Denmark 0 10.3 LaBrie Baas 54. Iceland 9.9 TSE 55. Netherlands 9.9 ETE 56. Canada 59.8 A 57. Australia 39.7 ETI * 58. Uruguay oh EE yd 59. Union of South Africa (Eur) 39.4 ESTES 4 60. New Zealand (ex. Maoris) 59.2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 RATE PER 1,000 TOTAL POPULATION 11939 rate. 41938 rate. 2 Excludes war losses. 5 Excludes ormed forces overseas. 3 Excludes deaths among armed forces. Note. For source of data and explanatory footnotes, see table 15, p. 136 746604 O - 47 - 3 od y 4 : -~ 28: INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS \ TABLE L.—AGE~ADJUSTED DEATH RATES, RATIOS OF "EXPECTED" DEATHS TO DEATHS WHICH WOULD OCCUR IN A MILLION OF THE UNITED STATES 1940 POPULATION, AND AVERAGE ANNUAL CRUDE DEATH RATES: 33 COUNTRIES, RECENT PERIOD / (Rates per 1,000 population. "Expected" deaths and age-adjusted death rates are derived by relating age-specific rates for each country to a million of the United States 1940 population) Country India (British) eceeessessssovnssvosnmorvseseenses MEXICO co svsssvesanonsscacane cninsninveseinssvenees C118 vc vencassiorsssonissenssvesrssnsioneniosessvie Venezuela (ex. tribal INAians)..cecsceeeecescoces J2pRN (PIOPET)svesevs es sree vn ssnvsevnssosssive sone SPAIN.cessescsesssssssscscssssscscosncscssssssosns GreEeCEesceoscesoscosnsasscssssassosssscssssssassne Finland. eececcsssssssssseseresssssssessssescessnss POlandesccceesesscsscsssssesecsecssssssssssscscnce POrtugaleesscscsccecnsnscsssscesenesssessssssesse 0e2choS510Vakiae cess cesssscssesossesssssssensassee Hungary (Trianon territory)ee..cecececescesessees § Bullgaria (1959 territory)... sees veswssasnasnmsinns France (87 departments)sssssscsssccssssissnssssse Balgidifle veisesivsosssonsnesessssisenrssasesvassesss T0a1Ye esicieir vss tisiss ts orncesnrnsonsosisseveniverectee SCOb1 onde eve sssssiensinssesonsnssassessensssosesnes ESTONIA cesses ssrinsnesrsssssnessssssnsnssessnanse BISTT IB ese es vseencssncsssenssasssssesssossvssnses IBUVia. cveesoscnscscssccsossssssnsssscssssenssnses roland (PIT e) ses. sees sniss asses sass ssssonsenss England and WILCS cession snnerovacovsssvosvessss Germany. (1957 territory)..esscceesssssssessessess United StateS.eescesscessesssccressosscsnssnccsns Union of South Africa (Buropeans)....ceseeseccsse SWitzerlande.cceessocscscoessccssssscscesescssccase 0aNadAc es cescesssscsssssvsssscessescsssscscsscsss Netherlands...ceceeccesoscscssscocessssescssssses \Bustralia (ex. aboriginals)ssesesssssssssossisasee DENMAT Ke sesestesdesnnsessvesessssdvonesssspsovsee New: Zealand (ex. MROTis)..sssesssessssssessssnnse NOIrWaYecoooesesv00ssseccscsccssncccosscssscssnccne SWEAEN cae sessssssssesscssssssnssossssesssesssses Age- Ratio of Average adjusted "expected" to annual Period a United States crude Bath 1940 death rate : deaths rate 1936-1938 25.2 234 23.1 1939-1941 R3.2 216 R2.6 1939-1941 21.9 204 Rl.4 . 1940-1942 18.3 170 16.2 1939-1941 18.1 168 16.7 1929-1931 16.7 156 17.1 1927-1929 16.2 151 17.3 1939-1940 16.0 149 16.5 1930-1932 15.7 146 15.2 1939-1941 15.3 142 16.0 1929-1931 14.4 134 14.6 1936-1938 14.3 153 14.3 1938-1940 14.0 130 13.5 1940-1942 13.7 127 18.2 1940-1941 13.3 124 15.5 1935-1937 13.0 121 14.1 1940-1942 12.5 116 14.5 1938 12,3 115 14.5 1933-1935 12.3 115 15.2 1938-1939 11.7 109 14.0 1940-1942 11.6 108 14.2 1939-1941 10.9 102 13,3 1936-1938 10.9 102 11.7 1939-1941 10.6 99 10.6 1940-1942 10.2 95 9.4 1940-1942 9.9 92 11.3 1940-1942 9.7 91 9.8. 1940-1942 9.6 90 9.7 1940-1942 9.4 87 10.1 1939-1941 9.2 86 10.2 1940-1942 9.1 84 i 9.9 1939-1941 8.9 83 10.6 1939-1941 8.9 83 11.4 Source: United States 1940 population. rates from table 17, pe 162. When it is recalled that deaths are probably some- what underregistered in these areas while popula- tions are not entirely reliable, the true magnitude of the problem is difficult to visualize. Age-specific death rates Although the limitations of the crude death rate are, to a large extent, removed when the ef- fects of differences in age composition of the pop- ulation are eliminated, the individual age-sex-spe- cific rates still constitute the most adequate basis for international comparisons. ' The extent to which the crude and even the age-adjusted death rate may mask differences in mortality at specific ages is clarified by a concrete example. For the period Age-adjusted death rates and "expected deathm ratios based on data in table 17,p. 162, and See p. R6 for detailed explanation. Average annual crude death 1939-1941, Norway and the United States had identi- cal crude average anmual death rates of 10,6 per 1,000 population. When Norway's crude rate was age-— adjusted, it became 8.9; or, to put it in terms of "expected deaths," the forces of mortality in Norway would result in only 83 percent of the deaths that the forces operating in the standard population caused. When the specific death rates for each 5- year age group were examined, it became clear why this was so. The following table shows the age- specific rates, both sexes combined, for the two countries, together with the ratio of the United States rate at each age group to the corresponding Norwegian experience. (See table M.) At ages under 5, the United States death rate was 17 percent higher than that in Norway, due WT TT TE TY TER \ v ” GENERAL MORTALITY 29 6 TABLE M,—AVERAGE ANNUAL AGE-SPECIFIC DEATH RATES FOR BOTH SEXES COMBINED: NORWAY AND THE i UNITED STATES, 1939-1941 : (Rates are the number of deaths in a specified group per 1,000 population of that group) Age Norway United States ra All 3geSessescasscecs. evseasseaveseesrissiesnes 10.6 10.6 100 NAGI] (Ua ees vasa s sins is 0.0 28 00 vin visit nian aie wiwas sive 139.6 146.8 1118 1-4 JOATrSeeseceesssssosscsscsscscssessssssssasssnnse 3.0 3.0 100 {0=5) FoarS.s.+'s ores crssssnneesssvocseosisnssenavene (11.1) (13.0) (117) 50 JEAIr'Seseccesccsccsscsssscescosccacsssssssscscnas 1.4 1.3 79 10-14 YEATrS.ceseecesecscsecssssssssscscssossnssces 1.1 1.0 91 1519 YOAI'Seesssescsscsssssssscsssssssssassssonnes R.1 1,7 81 R0—R4 FOAr'Sesescsccesscssscscssosscsssssscsscsssssccs 3.4 R.4 71 5 25-29 YOAI'Seceeessscccssssoscscosscssccsssoscssscns 3.5 2.8 80 B0=34 YEAI'Seeeesescscscssscssossscccsssssscsseccss 3.6 3.4 94 B53) JOATSeccovs0ecsscsscsscsscssssccscccscsssoss 3.9 4.4 113 40—44 YOAYS.eecssssscssssscscscosccscssnssccssccnces 4.6 6.1 133 4559 YOBI'S.eeescesressssescsessrtessnssssonsvonss 5.9 8.6 146 50-54 JOATSeeesssssscsssecsssssessvessssssssssssnes 8.3 12.7 153 55~59 yEArS..seececcssececssscssscsosscsssssscnsnoe 11.5 18.4 160 6054 JOAI'Seescessssnsessscsssessssssnssssescsecee 17.2 26.5 154 65—59 YEAS ess ssvsscessnsevssrssesersssssssonsrsne R7.5 38.6 140 F074 JOATS's ssi se sssevsesisresscssnssesssssssceses 45.1 59.6 a3 75 years 8nd OVer'eccessssessesssccssssssesssssascss 125.6 126.2 101 Infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births. Source: Table 17, pe. 162. solely to a less favorable infant mortality rate. From ages 5 through 34, mortality rates in the United Stateswere less than their Norwegian counter- parts by as much as 30 percent at ages 20 to 24. But beginning with age 35, the United States again demonstrated higher death rates until, at ages 55 to 59 the United States rate exceeded the Norwegian by 60 percent. Beginning with ages 60 to 64, the difference between the two rates decreased, until at 75 years and over, the ratio was almost unity. The importance of examining specific mortality rates for all age groups is ably demonstrated by this comparison. : In table 16, page 140, are presented the num- ber of deaths by age and sex in 33 countries for a series of years, and in the table following are the average annual age-sex specific death rates for the . same countries. With very few exceptions, figures for countries engaged in the war include ‘war losses" which have been defined to mean all deaths among the armed forces and deaths of civilians due to operations of war. Deaths at unknown age are included only in the total rate for all ages. The averages have been computed from the data in table 16 around a year when either a census of population or an adequate estimate by age and sex was available. The availability of the population base determined the number of countries for which age-specific rates could be presented. The populations on which the ‘rates rates for each 5-year age group 1 to 4 and over were computed are given in table 4, page 80. Death rates under 1 are computed on live births from table 8. For several countries, the male age-specific rates beginning with ages 15 to 19 are higher dur- ing the 1940 period than the corresponding rates at any other time period. France, Finland, the Nether- lands, England, and Belgium, all manifest this tend- ency and, since female mortalityin these particular countries has improved at every age, it is assumed that at least part of the explanation for increased male death rates may be found in the inclusion of war losses in the data. For New Zealand, Australia, Portugal, and Italy, age-specific mortality at the older ages for both male and female has increased slightly over what it was about a decade before. For the remaining countries, including the United States, recent mortality ratesat everyage are equal to or lower than previous levels. Sex differences.—In general, female death rates are lower than male rates at every age. The sex differences in mortality by age are relatively slight in Canada, New Zealand, Sweden, Norway, the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, and Italy and quite marked in other countries for which data are available. In most of the 33 areas for which are shown in table 17 there seems to be a AA i SEE TE rw 7 RE ail 7 ¥ a = LEAN hE group. ‘tendency for the rates by sex to show more marked divergence beginning at 40 or 45 years of age. The following tabulation gives the range of a number of selected agewsex-specific death rates and the median sex-specific death rates for each age These have been taken from table 17 and the ‘number of rates represents the rumber of countries for which an age-specific death rate is available. Rates for Finland for ages R0 to 39 have been omitted because it was impossible to eliminate the excess war-loss mortality from the male death rates at these ages. It will be noted that for all reporting i TABLE N.—RANGE AND MEDIAN "OF AGE-SPECIFIC DEATH RATES, BY SEX: INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS Se : countries combined, the median rate for females is lower at every age than that for males, and that the differential, though variable, becomes greater with advancing age up to 50 to 54 years after which it again decreases. (See table N.) During any one time-period, there is a wide country-to~country variation between the sex-specific rates recorded for each age group. Unfortunately, comparable age distributions are not available for India and Asiatic areas other than Japan, but from those available, four characteristic age curves for males and for females are reproduced in figure 8. ¥ SELECTED GROUP OF COUNTRIES (Rates are the number of deaths in a specified group per 1,000 population of that group) Number of Range of rates Median rate Ratio of pe Age rates medians (in years) (countries) Male Female Male Female (female = 100) Under d.eeesssvenssicsenssssnsnes 33 33,521, 2 25.4-206,4 87.1 69.0 126 Qenlll%y aieiain'oie vines csi sioosnelnssessnese 31 R.7— 38.2 2.2 35.5 6.6 5.8 114 BuDiginie viv 3.0 nile sin vb sine sipisininie'e 8 biniwn 31 0.9- 9.8 Oe7= 9.8 R.4 1.9 1R6 Jedd sess ies sio'ansisivninimonesvnsss 31 0.8~ 6.0 0e6= 5.9 1.6 1.5 107 A Be] Sign arn oi 0's vis sisie's oie-uin sninisiee ssn 31 1.3- 8.2 0.9~ 945 3.0 2.7 111 ROEDA oiviaivinis ova ss eiwsneninnioesising se 27 1l.7- 9.7 1l.4- 9.5 4.5 3.2 141 REDD essen esas simsinesrndsenises 27 1.9- 9.7 1.9- 10.2 4.0 3.7 108 BBA ole 'aniav'sivin vine sais erens ' R7 1.9-~ 10.8 2.2- 10.0 4.5 3.7 122 BEmBT s sivis aivain eiwsisie a ssievieseinssens 7 2.8= 11.9 Re7= 11.1 5.3 4.1 19 B00 Joule 0's slain eininisle oh avi ininn e aio ws R8 3.9- 14.4 3.5- 11.8 Ta 5.3 134 45101 as siaviss nv nn serous sessonis R8 5.6— 17.9 4.9- 13.4 10.1 6.6 153 BOmBA areas a 4 «i viie wiih nin lnie vine vinie 5 win 28 9.1~ 23.4 7e3= 16.8 14,35 9.0 159 SBE Teh ss uisie sin'e sin sininieien nn enainiys R8 13.2- 31.4 10.1~ 23.6 0.85 13.45 155 BOB ss o'0e si sisinnivessesstionnnnsans 28 19,6- 43.1 15.1- R9.2 30.35}: 20.95 145 NBE=BD sie vivis a viine sere nsiaiovenesesns R4 30.7= 62.7 R4,8~ 50.4 44,95] 33.85 133 F70m7h ov a 0ie sce elnino 00s on Sin seinis’s.o viele 22 48.6— 97.5 42,3- 70.0 66.6 56.2 119 B75 ON OVO se ws 's's wun ass 8 vis niens se 24 | 118,9-176.6 | 104.3~148,9 | 139.7 | 186.8 110 Source: Compiled from data in table 17, pe 162. The United States is shown as a reference mark, Denmark represents the lowest rate reported at al- most every age, Japan and Chile are shown for their divergence from the pattern of general Western ex-— perience. In the curves for Japan and Chile, the extremely high infant and childhood mortality as well as the generally high specific rates at other ages are worthy of note. Highest age-specific death rates reported, The variation between countries in regard to the death rate is widest at the 1 to 4 age group where the highest rate recorded for males is 14 times,and for females 16 times, the lowest recorded rate. The difference between the lowest and the highest rates ~~ in the range for each age diminishes constantly for both males and females, becoming only 1.5 times at ages 75 and over. Among the countries included in table 17, Chile records the highest infant mortality rate, both male and female, as well as the highest S—year age-specific death rate for females aged R0 through 69 and males aged 20 through 59. India out~ ranks Chile for top place in each age group 1 through N 14 for both sexes and, in addition, at 15 to 19 for females. Unfortunately 5-year age-specific death rates are not availaple for India, after agelR0, but when 10-year age-specific rates are computed for Chile and Japan corresponding to those for India, the latter country shows higher rates at every age group beginning with 1 for females, and for all but infants and ages 15 to 19 and RO to 29 for males. Japan replaces India with the highest male death rate at 15to0l9, and Chile at 20 to 29 years. It is possible that, with more complete death reporting, India might record the highest mortality at every age. k When the five highest death rates at each age group are segregated, it is found that, in addition to Chile, India, and Japan, Greece, Poland, and Spain appear most oftenwith high age-specific death rates. It is interesting that France shows rates among the top five for males aged 30 to 69. Data for Egypt unfortunately are not included with the age— specific death rates shown. It is likely that this African country would contend with Chile and India for the world's highest reported death rates Figure 8. —AVERAGE ANNUAL DEATH RATES, SPECIFIC FOR AGE AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES, DENMARK, JAPAN, AND CHILE: 1939-1941 ( Rates are the number of deaths in a specified group per 1,000 population of that group ) GENERAL MORTALITY 150 3 Tes] MALE J i 120 7 FEMALE / | | | | Zz ° : United States 11111 [— TC : : > — — — Japan (proper) & lo 111 ° S : = i © i a 60H w i a i [4 i i } i } i 30 Pi \ 1 i \ \ i % \ ¥ alr \L_r—=F= | a . : mE ey bel ET Under 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 Under 5 10 I5 20 25 30 35 40 45 S50 55 60 65 70 75 5 T0 TO To TO TO TO TO T0 TO T0 T0 Years 9 14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 Note. — For source of data and explanatory footnotes, see table 17, p. 162 Optimum age-specific death rates ,.Jjith the aim of producing an "optimum" set of age=sex spe- cific death rates, the 5 lowest rates recorded for each age-sex group have been segregated also. Since there are 5 lowest rates for each of the 17 age groups it follows that there are 85 possible low specific-death rates for each sex. Of the 85 low male rates, Denmark claims 15; New Zealand and Swe- den, 13 each; Canada and Australia, 9; the Nether ‘lands, 8; Norway, 7; United States, 4; the Union of South Africa (Europeans), ,3; and Switzerland, Fin- land, Ireland, and Chile, 1 each. For females, the same group of countries appears with the addition of France which claims one low rate. In contrast to the male rates, Australia claims the largest number of minimum female death rates (15) while Den- mark accounts. for only 10. The range between the lowest set of rates and the fifth lowest set is very small at every age. The male rates, as would be expected, have awider range than those for females, except at ages 75 and over. } The optimum set of age-specific death rates for males and females separately is given in table O. The countries reporting these lowest rates are also given. It should be noted that rates for other | TO TO 10 ond S5/+70° 70. TO ‘TO TO TO. YO T0070 T0010 yo NiTONS 10 STO and 64 69 74 Over Years 9 14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 69 74 Over countries inthe 5 lowest groups differed from these by only 0.1 per 1,000 in many instances. Since these age~specific rates represent actual accomplishment in known populations, they could be considered as a goal toward which public health and sanitation authorities might aim. The crude rate shown for all ages is particularly interesting. If the age-specific death rates in table 0 plus the rate for 0-4 are applied to the standard million of the United States populations in 1940, a male age- adjusted rate of 8.3 and a female rate of 7.2 are obtained. These over-all rates offer a considerable challenge to public health workers. It was pointed out above that the Asiatic and Latin American countries for the most part show high death rates at every age, indicating clearly the areas of the world which still are not suffi- ciently advanced in matters sanitation and where great savings in lives can evidently be made with a minimum of effort. Un- fortunately these are also the areas which, in spite of unfavorable mortality, are growing rapidly, so that the decreasing mortality which is anticipated will only increase overcrowding, especially in Asia, and lessen the opportunity for individual economic of public health and - ws ER IE g la. & + FR hea i TABLE O.—~—LOWEST RR FT FANT RE Foy ‘ 5 Noi SAR TER INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS AGE-SPECIFIC DEATH RATES REPORTED, BY SEX, AMONG 33 COUNTRIES (Rates are the rmumber of deaths in a specified group per 1,000 population of that group) Teen Male Female Age (in years) Country Rate Country Rate All ages... | NetherlandS..cceccoeeecccccccccasee 10.2 Union of South Africa (Europeans).. 8.2 Under L.eeeeees.| New Zealandeeeeeeesacesooessssenns | 233.5 | New Zealandeee.eeerssessnnasanenass 125.4 l=4..000000e000s | Denmark, Sweden, New Basanti eve Re7 SWOAENeescecessccssssscssssscsoccne RR BuO eoesoccacsess | DOMmMArKeeoacoescosecoccans Shae d 0.9 DOTMAT Ke eos 0 's's v.50 6s eisieies sols aiwiviuivisios 0.7 10=14.c00cececes| DOMMATKeeocesoscoscsoccecacascaane 0.8 Dermark, New Zealandeeeeeceosceccsssce 0.6 © 15-19 cecseseses| DENMMArKes.esosocsocsocccsaccacccce 1.3 New Zealandee.ceeceescccssssssscsese 0.9 20-244 .00000eess| DOMMATKeccoceccocscocnsccaccnancne 1.7 DermarKe eoeoseccossscsesccsssscnsnsse 1.4 25020. s0seosses. | Dermark, Australigecececceccccccase 1.9 Dermark, NetherlandS.eeeeececssccce 1.9 B0=34000cecsecse| DEMMATKeoscosscscccscescscoccscsns 1.9 Denmark, Netherlands, New Zealand.. CR.2 B53 0 cosesecccs | DEMArKeeccoceoneee os wininisinie nine NR R8 NetherlandSeeesccoscsscsssscscencss Re? 408d eevee essose| DErmMaArKeeeecoocesnocscccoccscncccs 3.9 New Zealand, NOIWaY..escsececocccce 3.5 45-449, s00cccccse| DOMMATKe ee cocococccsccocccsancnce . 5.6 NOIWAY oe eeooosocessssassssassssscsnn 4.9 50m540c0c0cesses| Notherlands.e.eecceccecceccccccnce | 9.1 NOYWAYeosesescossossscsscssassnscne 73 55-59. ccecsscscs| NOTWAY eo eoocooscsscscssccccosccsce 13.2 NOTWaY esos eessescoscocs cde vest renee )ilOel BOB. .coosscces| NOTWAYeeeaeooososasaocoscsscnccone . 19.6 NOTWEAYeeoseesossossssssssssssssncsns 1d 85-69 ¢ccecoccsce| NOTWAY.eeeoooaosnooncnnanns os vases) B07 NOIWAY es eoossossasssessscsssssasane 24:8 TO=T4eeeesossoee| NOTWAYeoseoesooecoccccocnnsnncccne 48.6 NOTWEY oe eooeessssssscocscassesssssce . 75 and OVEre.sso| Finlande..cecocesecccacccsccccnoce 118.9 France...... rik eee meters evi sme } A104 eB 1nfant mortality rate per 1,000 live births. Source: Table 17, pe 162. and social advancement. Infant mortality The great risk of death at ages under 1 is not equaled again in the life span until very old age is reached. In contrast to deaths at older ages infant deaths, at least those taking place after 1 month of age, are more responsive to improvement in environmental conditions, hence infant mortality rates serve as one of the best indices to the gen- eral "healthiness" of a society. Health used in this sense includes the physical well-being of in- dividuals, in terms of adequate medical care, sani- tation, and nutrition provided through programs of public health and welfare. Deaths of infants rep- resent a complete demographic and economic loss to society. The aim of all nations should be to cut this particular toll to a minimum. Trend. —Table 18, page 169, sets forththe num ber of deaths recorded under 1 year of age from 1937-1944 in 64 countries of the world, and table 19, which follows, presents infant mortality rates per 1,000 live births. Figure 9 shows the trend of the infant mortality rates since 1912, the rates for 1912-1936 being taken from appendix table VII ‘and from the previous international report.? Because the infant mortality rate is computed by relating deaths under 1 year of age to live births, it is free from the deficiencies which are inherent in population estimates especially during wartime. It is influenced however, especially dur- ing wartime, by sudden changes in the number of “op. cit. births registered. Underregistration of both births and deaths also affects the rate, and although this dual incompleteness tends to cancel out, the under- registration factor must be borne in mind in inter preting the rates. Infant-death-rate curves are characterized in large part by oscillations and fluctuations which appear to be more severe in coun tries where registration completeness may vary from year to year. Chile's trend line shows these fluc— tuations clearly. Other peaks and troughs in the infant mortality trend line are due to epidemicsin certain diseases. For example, the 1935 crude death rate peak for Ceylon shows also in the trend of infant mortality and represents the effect of a severe malaria epi- demic in that country. Deaths from epidemic influ- enza and grippe account for other sharp fluctuations. The 1940 influenza outbreak in England, France, Scotland, Belgium, and several other countries is clearly seen. The fluctuations shown in the trend for Spain, 1937-1942, are evidently the result of privations suffered during the civil war and after- wards. The return to a "normal" level in 1943 and 1944 is indicated. : Except in Brazil's cities, Greece, Malta, and Egypt, the infant mortality rate has been declining throughout the world during the R0 years under con- sideration. The decline, corresponding to that ex- perienced by the birth rate after 1920, continued at least through 1939; and for Canada, the United States, Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, the Union of South Africa, and probably Japan, the downward trend con- tinued undisturbed through 1944. The Eastern Eu- ropean countries, together with Palestine, India, Straits Settlements, and Ceylon, show very uneven RATE PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS 350 300 250 200 150 100 7 LITHUANIA 50 URUGUAY ’ AusTRiA l l l | ] | i ) = { CHILE Costa Rica ITALY IRELAND DENMARK AUSTRALIA 0 1912 Note. —For source of data and explanatory footnotes, see the following: 1915 1912-1919, table Vil, p. 283 1920 - 1936, Vital Statistics — Special Reports, vol. 9, No. 36 and Summaries of Biostatistics for Latin American Republics. 2 ‘ 1937 - 1944, table 19, p. 172. 1920 1925 1930 1940 1944 RATE PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS 350 Figure 9. — TREND OF INFANT MORTALITY ( Rates are the number of deaths reported 300 250 200 MaLTa 60Z0 > 7+ Sf 150 — < oe _~PoLanD oo r— of hr . \ I, \ 3 \, 2h - MEXICO \ ~~ 100 2 \ \ V \HunGarY LN JAPAN (PROPER) Seen BELGIUM No] rr W 50 — Eiasu AND WALES SWEDEN 0 ro | Lye oo) | 1912 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1944 RATES IN 45 COUNTRIES: 1912 -1944 under | year of age per 1,000 live births ) RATE PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1912 _olNDIA ~oger® (BRITISH) AITS SETTLEMENTS , CZECHOSLOVAKIA ® BULGARIA “tr 2% > PALESTINE ANS, \™, y . 4 ARGENTINA \ rcripad J \ 4 | FINLAND ALA / [NORTHERN x. 7A / | IRELAND v if / “UNION OF SouTH Arp NN S~— NORWAY SWITZERLAND | l Lola) J | | | | | | 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 *1935-1943 dota are for Bohemia and Moravia only RATE PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1912 32A EcYPT LH GREECE™ J 1915 1920 *1940-1941 data are for 19 departments only BRAZIL (CITIES) {CEYLON PorTUGAL VENEZUELA sean FRANCE + SCOTLAND Canapa UNITED STATES New ZEALAND (EX. MaoRIS) GENERAL MORTALITY ; : 33 trend lines characterized by wide fluctuations but, on the whole, marked downward movement. Contrasted with the more or less steady de- clines shown by the above mentioned countries, be- ginning in 1940 there was a tendency among another group toward increases in the infant mortality rate. Increases, such as those in England, Scotland, Den- mark, Belgium, and Venezuela, were temporary and probably due to influenza deaths during that year. Others were of a more serious nature,and were main— tained through 1944. Among the European countries, Muistria, Ireland, Ttaly, the Netherlands, and Bo- hemia and Moravia in Czechoslovakia,showed,through- out the period 1941-1944, infant mortality rates exceeding those of 1940. These figures probably reflect rather accurately the effects of poor nu- trition and inadequate housing on the mothers and on the infant population during these years. They are especially interesting in connection with the increased birth rates which prevailed in 5 of these countries and also in 16 other countries during these same years (see table E, page 17). Infant mortality in Greece is represented in recent years by data for urban Athens and Piraeus only, and hence is not shown in figure 9. However, it is note- worthy that the rate for these 2 Grecian cities rose markedly as a result of the faminein 1941 and 1942, and fell as spectacularly in 1943 when food became available. The same rise is noted in the general , mortality curve for 30 principal towns in Greece with 1942 mortality 300 percent above 1940 levels for 19 departments. Infant mortality has undoubtedly improved in most areas of the world duringthe two decades ending with 1940 although a large number of countries still report more than 10 percent mortality. Table P shows the percentage changes in the infant mortality rate between 1920 and .1940. Only 6 countries recorded increases, namely, Guatemala, Malta and Gozo, Colombia, Egypt, Rumania, and Honduras. It should be noted, however, that these percentage increases. and small decreases may be somewhat misleading. Reference to figure 4, page 16A, will show that in most countries there was a sharp increase in the birth rate in 1920. Infants who died in 1920 were born in 1919 and 1920, yet in computing the infant TABLE P.—PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN THE INFANT MORTALITY RATE: 46 COUNTRIES, 1920-1940 Rank Percentage Rank Percentage order Country change order Goumiry change 1 Paraguay ess cavessivesesnosssses —~65.R R4 Federated Malay States...seecsn- 29.1 2 Jeelands .cseesevsessscssscscses ~56.6 R5 Portingaleseesscssesssveseessoss R762 3 Austridecesscecscceccscccscnssy =54,1 26 Argentindeecesesessseseescscans —R6.2 4 CErmany#e «cs sisecesecsscsessescces -50.8 R7 Uruguay esses cs ssssesnsssnssesone 25.6 5 MORI vn cnesesssnninstsoesaver 1.48.9 28 Venezuela (ex. tribal Indians). 4.24.5 6 Palestine (settled population). 2.48.1 29 IalyR...oonensasoensssasisvsnes 18.9 7 NetherlandSeccceoscesccscsccoces ~45,6 30 CoY1lONe soo sisesesnsssessesvessnss -18.1 8 Japan (proper)esevsssscsevesses ~45.8 5% India (British).scsseveneseeses =17.9 9 United StatesHieescecscessnsoes -45.3 32 ChilBessescnirervnsansarsvonene =17.5 10 SWitZer1ont.eenssnseshbossvisvans 45,2 33 Ireland (Bire).sees cc vivesiosons -15.4 11 | Australia (ex. aboriginals)..s. -44.9 34 Scotland. ess ses csi ssnvissssvsel -15.2 12 Dermarkeees cocesecscecscscssees —44.4 35 BolagiumMes 3.ioi'ee sess nes svieneise -10.6 13 Union of South Africa 36 Finland .ces esse snsocssoessvensioe =9.3 CTuropeans) eee. vessssnssesens ~44.4 37 Brazil (aibies)...e.eesiennnens 8.6 14 | ConadaRseeevsrsessessennnessivvey 3.41.2 38 | Northern Irelandececesceceesses -8.5 15 New Zealand (ex. Maoris).e...e. ~41.2 39 Traneet coool in dunn devieine de =741 16 Panama (ex. tribal Indians)... ~38.8 40 Bulgaria (1939 territory).eec... —6.8 17 Sweden cece sescssssvsssvioscens =38.1 41 HondurasS.ssessceccocssccscossaccs +5.8 18 Costa RicBsessesnssnssssssecnss -35.3 42 Rumania, vee cs oss ssvoesensonniss +8.6 - SpaAiNesscesscececesssscssescnns =3349 43 BeYDbe es ssnn csv sivnneaeeinionsense +18. 20 | Straits SettlementS...c.eecoee. ~33.6 44 | Colomtiaes. ss su isennes snares nas] lel] oT 1 NOYWaY ese sssessesoinsssssveivses =32.8 45 Malta and GOZOs «os senvessncesse +R36% 22 Hungary (Trianon territory).... -32.6 46 B02 t emda. vies s co visvnisies sos risnine +34.6 3 England and WaleS.eeceececcocses =30,0 : #Registration area not strictly comparable between years (see "source" for details). period 1922-1942. 2pariod 1923-1943, 3Period 1921-1941. “Period 1924-1944. Sources Computed from data in table 19, p.172, and from Vital Statistics——Special Reports, vole. 9,No.36. - may not accurately reflect the tality trends is the societies diseases. such as exist pd ¥ © | INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS fT mortality rate they are related to total births “which occurred in the latter year and which, in this case, far outnumbered those reported in 1919. The resulting 1920 infant mortality rates tend, therefore, to be understated. (See page3, for a more complete discussion of this factor.) On the other hand, various other factors mentioned above, tended to increase the 1940 infant mortality unduly in certain areas. The percentage changes therefore long term changes in infant mortality. Among the decreases recorded in the infant mortality rate between 1920 and 1940, Paraguay, Iceland, Austria, and Germany showed decreases ex-— ceeding 50 percent. On the other hand, Finland, Brazil's cities, Northern Ireland, France, and Bul~ garia showed decreases of less than 10 percent which, though they represent some progress, are not very effective. The relatively small decreases for Finland, Northern Ireland, and France are due partly to the fact that the infant death rate, like the general death rate, rose temporarily for each of these areas in 1940 (see above). The grouping of countries in regard to the magnitude of the decreases in the infant mortality rate does not follow the pattern established by the birth and death rates. Natality and general mortal- ity changes group countries of Western, Northern, and Central Europe with the United Kingdom, Oceania, Canada, and the United States. In contrast, the infant mortality rate shows equivalent decreases of about 30 percent in such widely divergent regions as England and the Federated Malay States and of 33 percent in Norway and ‘Straits Settlements. The only distinguishing characteristics of infant mor— smoothness and steadiness of the downward movement fon the Western Nations as contrasted with the fluctuations characteristic of suffering from onslaughts of epidemic 1940 variations in infant mortality .—As noted above, 1940 was not a particularly reliable year to use for establishing relative levels of infant mor- tality. Nevertheless, for consistency, the rates for 1940 have been arranged in rank order and are presented in figure 10. New Zealand (ex. Maoris) reports the lowest rate, 30, a distinction which ~ she hasmaintained without challenge each year since 1912. Australia is not far behind New Zealand with i Norway, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United States, and the other socially advanced nations reporting comparatively low rates under 60 per 1,000 live births. The highest infant mortality rates are consistently found in Malta, in Latin America, and .in Asia, as were the highest general death rates and the highest birth rates. It is noteworthy that out of 60 countries, 3% reported infant mortality rates exceeding 100. Although figures are not avail- “able in this report, it is generally conceded that variations in infant mortality rates are due almost entirely to variations in mortality after 1 month of life. Thus, infant mortality rates react almost ~ immediately to efficient public health measure for the control of contagious diseases, and only com- plete lack of such measures could account for rates in many areas of the world. It is notable that the highest infant mortality rates are ‘found in countries which have shown the least ime provement in the rate over the past two decades. ‘ Childhood mortality The "childhood mortality rate" or under-5~death rate consists of two parts, the death rate of chile dren under 1 year of age and those 1 to 4 years of age. As a general rule, the difference observed in this rate between countries, or regions of the same country, may be explained in terms of the infant mortality rate, but for many areas, especially in Latin America and other’ parts of the world where communicable diseases still flourish, the deaths between 1 and 4 also constitute a large proportion of the mortality under 5. It will be recalled, from table N, page 30, that the range of the 1 to 4 death rate exceeded that at any other age group. Figure 11, which follows, shows for 32 coun-— tries the percentages that the deaths under 1 and under 5 years of age are of the total deaths recorded at all ages. For recent years (1939-1941), inclusion of war losses in the data for Belgium and Finland tends to decrease the proportion that infant and childhood deaths form of the total. Therefore data for an earlier period are substituted in figure 11. It will be seen from figure 11 that, while for most countries deaths at ages O to 1 constitute from 75 to 85 percent of all those under 5 years, for India, Japan, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Chile, Vene=- zuela, Bulgaria, and Greece, this age group accounts for a disproportionately small segment of the total deaths under 5. In these countries, there is ob- viously a sizable public health problem at ages 1 to 4. Infant mortality remains a major problem and in addition, it is evident that there is a great loss of life at the slightly older ages where, with a vigorous program, death rates can be brought to a very low level. In Sweden, for example, although 6.4 percent of all deaths occurred at ages under 5, 5.2 percent are concentratedunder 1 year; it is safe to assume a large percentage of these are under 1 month. The more or less preventable deaths between 1 and 5 years of age are being controlled to varying degrees inmost of Western Europe and in North Amer- ica and Oceania. The more these age-specific pro- portionate mortality ratios converge toa low common value, the more effective the public health and san- itation program can be assumed to be. Maternal mortality \ The number of young women being withdrawn from the population by death at childbirth is also an important factor in evaluating the health status of a society. Just as infant mortality can be reduced with the adoption of even minimum public health measures, in the same manner maternal mortality re- sponds to the intelligent application of existing knowledge. But, because cause-of-death coding pro- cedures and methods of assigning the principal cause of death determine,in part, the number of deaths re-. ported from any cause, it is questionable how much reliability should be placed in international come parison of all cause-of-death rates and in those for puerperal causes in particular. Studies have shown that great variation exists in classifying deaths due to puerperal causes,'® and figures should be interpreted withthe same caution as is necessary for any cause—of-death comparison onan internation- al basis. ! 4p. cit. q— a HITT GENERAL MORTALITY ¥ 35 Figure 10. — INFANT MORTALITY RATES IN 60 COUNTRIES: 1940 sd ( Rates are the number of deaths reported under | year of age per 1,000 live births) ~ 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 3 ¥.{ Malia and Gozo 276 NRT 2. Chile 247 i LE i i i a IES 2 3. ¢Burmo '204 hl... le i iO, + 4. Rumania 189 _____—_ / 5. Brazil (cities) 180 6. Egypt 162 ! 7. 2indio; (British) 160 ————— 8. Ecuador 159 so. Ceylon 149 EE ———————— 10. Straits Settlements 144 SE VL “Colombic 140 iS i ne 12. Poland 2140 13. Unfederated Malay States 139 ER 14. Bulgaria (1939 terr.) 136 15. Federated Malay States 134 ——— 3 16. Costa Rica 132 ! 17. Yugoslavia "132 : 18. Hungary (Trianon terr.) 130 ET TA ¥ 19. Cuba 3128 mem — 20. Peru 128 22. Portugal 126 pr 23. Mexico 126 24. Venezuela 122 25. Lithuania 122 3 26,8! Solvador 121 a ——— 27. Greece "120 28. Guatemala 109 29. Honduras 109 EE 30, Nicoroguo 0 31. Spain ® 109 yi 1 32. Itqly 103 i i 33. Belgium 93 34. France 92 —— bf 35. Argentina 91 36. Jdpan (proper) BE ——————————— i 37. Finland 88 ; 38. New Zealand (Maoris) 87 — . 39. Uruguay 87 \ 40. Northern Ireland 86 ————————— 41. Estonia 's2 42. Paraguay 80 43. Bolivia 79 44. Scotland 78 45. Austria 72 46. Lotvia '70 47. Ireland x 66 48. Germany (1937 terr.) 64 49. Canada 56 J 50. England and Wales 56 EI 51. Denmark 50 : 52. Union of South Africa (Eur.) 50 3 ey 53. United States 47 : 54. Switzerland a6 4 55. Jova ond Madura (Eur) ‘a2 56. Sweden 39 ' 57. Netherlands 39 58. Norway 39 59. Australia 38 60. Iceland 36 he 3 61. New Zealand (ex. Maoris) 30 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 11939 rate. 21938 rate. 31935 rate. Note. - For source of data and explanatory footnotes, see table 19, p. 172. RATE PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS ¥ SEE \ a Note. - For source of data and explanatory footnotes, see table 16, p. 140. : For trend analysis, table ‘21, page 202, shows ~ the number of deaths from all puerperal causes from 1935-1944 in 47 selected countries. The table which follows on page R17, gives the corresponding death rates per 1,000 live births. Maternal mortality rates for 33 countries have been plotted in figure 12 for the period 1920-1944. Many of the trend lines are characterized by violent fluctuations due probably to sudden changes in the number of births reported. Closer examination of these curves reveals that re- gardless of what happened immediately following 1920—whether rates remained relatively undisturbed as in the United States, or whether they were in- creasing, as in Chile, Czechoslovakia, Norway, Scot- land, Canada, Australia, Sweden, Denmark, England, Hungary, and the Netherlands—in 1936 almost every country began to experience a sharp decline in the maternal mortality rate. By 1940, the decline had amounted to as much as 39 percent for Denmark and exceeded R20 percent for 15 other countries. In 36 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS . Figure ||.—PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL DEATHS UNDER | YEAR, AND UNDER 5 YEARS OF AGE IN 32 COUNTRIES: RECENT PERIOD . » 0 10 20 30 40 50 1. Chile, 1939-4 45:3 DO — 2. India (British), 1936-38 333 i — 3. Venezuela,1940-42 3 i : SILIIIIILIIILLILIII ISLS III STIL ISI LISI ISI IILIIII ISLS IIIS III LILIIIL IIIS S Si 4. Poland, 1930-32 32 y 3 LLLLLLLLL 2202200222 0 2702200200078 | 5. Greece, 1927-29 38 : 2 [LLLLzz2222e rrr iiiietiiiiiiizseed 1 6. Bulgaria, 1938-40 33:3 [2222222220022 22 LLL Lda | 7. Portugal 1939-4 32. s LLL LL LLL Lz | ‘8. Spain, 1929-31 3 J ; 3 PLL ILL RAL | ’ 9. Japan (proper), 1939-41 28: 2 P2200 00 llr Orr l00) a} 10. Czechoslovakia, 1929-31 gs i 85 FILLILILIIIIISILISLLLILLIESIILLLLL IIS LSLLILIIISSS SESSILIS. 11. Italy, 1935-37 2s 22222000000 000000 lll lll Rr 0) 12. Hungary, 1936-38 WN TTT 13. Union of S. Africa (Eur),1940-42 : 3:92 2020000000000 00 14. Canada, 1940-42 2 y 3 20 00000 77000 02A 15. Finland, 1936-38 ! 3: : PLL 220 0000 16. Germany, (936-38 TTT 17. Ireland, 1940-42 y : s SLLIILIILIIILIIIIISIISLISE 18. Scotland, 1940-42 ! 2 5 L222 202222 19. Latvia, 1938-39 LL Tey, 3 20. Austrio, 1933-35 ! 2 J 3 2222200200000 0000000007) 21. Belgium,1937-39 ! : 2 2020200000 | 22. Netherlands, 1936-38 's.3 123. Denmark, 1939-41 ’3 [CLL LL0L LLL LIII22D | Under 5 Years » 24. Estonia, 1938 j1.3 QOPI 000000) 22 Under 3 Year 25. United States,1939-4 32 Or) 26. Australia, 1940-42 Ls . 27. England and Wales, 1939-41 2-2 Sy 28. New Zealand (ex.Maoris), 1940-42 1 29. France,1940-42 3 x 9 LILIIIIIIILLI11 30. Switzerland, 1939-41 IS 31. Norway, 1936-38 28 32. Sweden,i939-4I fd : R 0 10 20 30 40 50 PERCENT analyzing these trends it should not be overlooked that the apparent increases prior to 1930-36 and the unmistakable decreases after this period might very well have been influenced, first, by more careful classification and, second, by changes in the code used for classification. The fifth revision of the ‘International List of Causes of Death came into use in 1939, and one of the principal revisions in- cluded was a change in coding puerperal deaths. The introduction of new drugs and methods of treatment, together with more effective social welfare programs, undoubtedly affected the trend in large measure. Whatever the reasons involved, the fact remains that every country for which data are available exhibited a decline in the maternal mortality rate, and no tendency toward reversal is yet evident. Table Q shows the actual percentage changes which took place in the maternal mortality rates be-— tween 1920 and 1940. Every country except the Neth- erlands, Hungary, and Chile reported decreases, o RATE PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS » CHILE FINLAND BELGIUM SWITZERLAND x ~ VENEZUELA UNION OF SouTH AFRICA (EUR) Spain 1920 Note. — For source of data and explanatory footnotes, see the following: 1920-1934, Vital Statistics — Special Reports, vol. 9, No. 36 and Summaries of Biostatistics for Lotin American Republics. 1925 1935-1944, table 22, p. 217. 1930 1935 1944 Figure 12. — TREND OF MATERNAL MORTALITY IN 33 COUNTRIES: 1920 -1944 ( Rates are the number of deaths reported from puerperal causes per 1,000 live births ) BRAZIL (CITIES) RATE PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS "oy aenet” N aeeed PORTUGAL SCOTLAND IRELAND UNITED STATES CZECHOSLOVAKIA ® On” >] % ; 2 Yo—° NETHERLANDS peel ri! SS FRANCE / orice * 0 | | | | | 1920 1925 1930 1940 1944 x * For Czechoslovakia, 1938-1943 data are foi Bohemia and Moravia only. For Greece, 1939-1942 data are for cities of Athens ond Piraeus only. RATE PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS 0 » 36A 30 20 =~ ~— — —{CevLon 1944 CosTa Rica 4 Mexico .""~{ NORTHERN IRELAND AUSTRALIA iS “NEW ZEALAND (EX MAORIS) —i SWEDEN {DENMARK ENGLAND AND WALES 1944 ETT TER Fer GENERAL MORTALITY . TABLE Q.—~—PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN THE MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE: R23 COUNTRIES, 1920-1940 Rank Percentage order Country change 1 FranceXieeesescssnesesvasevinion —61.7 2 New Zealand (ex. Maoris)...... =55.4 3 United StatesHs..ceeeseesssses -=52.5 4 Union of South Africa {BUTOPBANIE Yeivis's s soninneseinns 1.50.0 5 SWIZer and. e ce. ss eiess erates 5 —41.4 6 SDBINve ses veevssnione sive ves =40,0 7 Northern Irelandesc.ececcecscse =39.1 8 Bolg iumite as vie sie cs essnins vio cnn eis =37e7 9 England and WaleSeeesescesesns =37eR 10 JAPAN cess ws sores snssssnsinres =31.4 Th of Canedoiis socrcisensirsvairvas 1.31.4 12 Scotlandecseessssscsesnioseses =R9,0 13 Irelandecsscsceccsccccscsocses ~R4,5 14 HOTWAY sve s sin vse vine cas onnsanson 23.1 15 JLalyitesesensscrsinssnsvsssoness ~21.4 16 UrngusY ees ces secsocensescs/ons =R0,6 1.7 Sweden. + csseseseciossreronsss -18.5 18 Australia (ex. aboriginals)... -18.0 19 Xcelandee. os casneninnaocess ve 2.13.0 R0 Denmark... vies eo ssosvionne Siciese =11.1 21 Netherlands. ...sessescossnnsse 0 R2 Hangary.. «es coeises eiseienisininaion +6.5 R3 Chile. eo riisssorvrsvssennnvnns +8.0 #Registration area not strictly comparable between years (see "source" for details). 11921-1941. 21921-1940. Source: Computed from data in table 22, pe?17, and from Vital Statistics—Special Reports, vol. 9, No. 36. ranging from 62 percent for France to 11 percent for Denmark, The declines which began in 1936 con- tinued marked through 1944 and by the latter year included every country for which data are available. Since so few countries are represented, it is im- possible to determine area tendencies with any de- gree of reliability. A reported increase of 33 percent in the maternal mortality rate for Finland is not shown in table Q because it was the result of a change in cause-of-death classification which had the effect of increasing the deaths recorded as puerperal, The noncomparability of Finland's ma- ternal mortality between 1920 and 1934 and between 1936 and 1944 is made clear in figure 1%. The absolute level of the maternal mortality rate in 1940 has been determined for a rmumber of countries, and figure 13 presents the range in bar chart form for 47 countries. Some of these rates may be overstated because of the exclusion from the base (live births) of infants born alive but dying before registration of birth This qualification would affect data for France, and Ecuador, Spain, Guatemala, but the effect can probably be dis— counted in view of the over-all inaccuracy inherent Ain cause-of-death reporting. It will be evident from figure 13 that Ceylon has the highest reported maternal mortality rate, 16,1 per 1,000 live births, a rate twice as high as the next lowest rate, 8,1 for Chile. Although of=- ficial data for India are not available, it is es= timated that maternal mortality in that country: would run as high as 20 per 1,000 total births.? Latin America reports very high maternal losses de~ spite the lack of medical certificationof death and the alleged incompleteness of reporting. Since gen— eral death rates are almost uniformly high in Iatin America, relatively high maternal mortality would be expecteds The United States appears midway in the array, thus representing the median rate with 3.8 per 1,000 birthse The lowest rates are shown for France, Norway, Iceland, Sweden, and Italy. Despite ; the sharp drop since 1936, it is evident that there is still a great deal of room for improvement in the maternal mortality rates throughout the world. Other causes of death International comparisons of cause of death are : fraught with very real dangers of misinterpretation not only because of the variations between countries in the proportion of deaths medically certified for cause, but also because of the lack of uniformity in the method of selecting the principal cause when more than one is given on the certificate. Final statistical classification of the reported cause poses another potential source of variation. These qualifications together with the more general fac— tors of underregistration, etc., have been discussed in detail on page 7. Despite the unreliability indicated, mortality statistics are widely used as an index to health conditions. It is imperative to know, therefore,if only in a general way, the diseases which are caus— ing deaths in an area. It is imperative to know, for example, if controllable infectious diseases are the leading causes of death or if degenerative diseases of old age are taking the greatest tolls 174, has been For this reason, table R0, page prepared to show the number of deaths and the death rates reportedin 1940 and in the latest year for which data are available, for the grouped causes of death listed in the abridged classification of the Inter— national List of Causes of Death, 1938 revision. It will be noted from the table that several countries, nanely, Demmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland did not, in all years, employ the International List of Causes of Death ' for their For these countries an attempt has - tabulations. been made to fit the reported causes of death to the 1938 revision of the abridged list so that, within op. cit. PDD DL DD DOUGH IENONNNNNDN RONDO NNONN mm mm — — — — — NON DUN -O0OBDANONDGUN-—OODNONDUN=-—0OODNIO OSE GN—-00 ® NOLS EN Figure 13.—MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES IN 47 COUNTRIES: 1940 / INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS ( Rates are the number of deaths reported from puerperal causes per 1,000 live births) Ceylon Chile Colombia Brazil (cities) . Ecuador Peru . Honduras . Costa Rica Guatemala . Mexico . Panama . Paraguay (districts) . Austria . Bulgaria (towns) . Nicaragua . Lithuania . Finland . El Salvador . Scotland . Rumania . Northern Ireland . Australia . Canada . Portugal’ United States . Belgium . Egypt (towns) . Ireland . Greece . Germany (1939 terr.) . Union of South Africa (Eur) . Switzerland . Hungary (1940 terr.) . Venezuela . Spain . New Zealand (ex Maoris) . Uruguay . England and Wales . Japan (proper) . Denmark . Estonia . Netherlands . Sweden . Italy . Iceland . Norway . France ' 1938 rate. 21943 rate. 2 1937 rate. 41939 rote. 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2 4 6 8 10 RATE PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS Note. - For source of data and explanatory footnotes, see tables 20 and 22, pp. 174,217. 12 14 16 GENERAL MORTALITY the limits of the qualifying factors discussed above, comparisons may be made. From table 20 it is possible to determine for each country the relative importance of communicable diseases among the causes of death reported. When the proportionate mortality is computed for all deaths from infectious diseases (International List rumbers 1-44) plus diarrhea and enteritis (list numbers 119 and 120), the interesting variations shown in table R emerge. Infectious diseases of all types together with diarrhea accounted for over 30 percent of the deaths occurring in Latin America, TABLE R.—PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES PLUS DIARRHEA AND ENTERITIS: 43 COUNTRIES, 1940 (Proportionate mortality is the percentage that deaths from specified causes are of total deaths) Egypt, and Portugale When these percentages are contrasted with percentages of 7 to 15 for Oceania, Western Europe, and North America, the variations = observed in the crude death rates are largely ex— plained. Official statistics are not available for India and China, but it is a well-known fact that malaria, dysentery, plague, and smallpox reduce the population of those countries byan appalling number each year. There is no doubt that comparable per- centages for infectious diseases would place both India and China high in the list on table R. Rank Proportionate Rank Proportionate order Comnbry mortality order Country mortality ! 1 Guatemala. conser rerenssaen 283837 25 | Tals ees. vaion sabe vaivsimanic 17.5 2 Peru (exe jungle population) 146.7 24 UF Finlonde.e sessivesssicessn nse 17.2 3 Costa RicBeiesesesorensnesss 46.5 R5 Northern Irelande.esssecessss 16.7 4:0) “Brazil Coltlen)i vers ensnes 245.7 26 | Union of South Africa z 5 MEETICO0es + snes veinins s snlsinnms’s 42,7 (Baropeans esses vs suse oe 815.3 5 B41 TL Salvador... dvs sens oneness 41.0 27 Ireland ses ss sesiess nissan 14.4 ) 7 Egypt (Health Bureau areas). 40.8 28 Scotlands. sees ve vesinssines 112.5 = 8 CACORE et, EP LL ee. 32.0 29 Switzerland. ..oeesesseesas 12.4 4 9 Portuzol,. so sesesusesesssnes 30.9 30 Iceland. sisissusiessssvsssvive - 12,1 he 10% [1 GTO0CE. » sv ensemmsrnssdunnses 800.2 31.) France.vse ssnnievisvse valent one 12.00 EN 11 Japan (pProper)...csecessccsces 28.6 32 Canada eves eens sia ss sis sneins 11.9 4 12 S| Col ombiBs views eis veins voinivise 26.5 33: [cAusbrisvevesinsbdesi serene 211.6 2 13 ArgentinBeseaves sense ddan 423.3 34 Germany (1937 territory).... 211.3 14 UrugudY sees sessosoceencssons 2R.0 35 NOYWAYs «vv snsnbonnsnnsvinnne 10.8 15 SpPain.essesssesssesessevsess RR.0 36 England and WaleSeesessceess 9.9 3 16 BUmOn Bee caisbensisn eins oasan'ss 821.0 37 United Statens. i aveedessian 9.4 ia 17 Balgaria (Lowng)...e« eases "20.2 38 | NetherlandS..esescescsesssas 9.0 SAE CTL thanide cose sss sis vee anne 519.7 29. i]. BWedOn ee somensnsisie nina sin ooine 8.7 i 19 * | Venezuela (ex. tribal Indians) 19,3 40 BOlaiuime ec oveiinddsivosoviomens 8.4 4 20 BEL ONER, essa ies naisih sine unin $18.0 41 4 Ansbralda ci siiirseive os onsen YL P48 Ad 27 | Czechoslovakine...essseessen $17.9 AR DOIIMBTN Ls hh a sie ve ween 1708 22 BANEANT ev vinin ein sions nin naivinnin ni 17:5 43 New Zealand (ex. Maoris).... 74 11943 data. : 21944 data. 21938 data. 41936 data. 1939 data. 61937 data. Source: Computed from data in table 20, p. 174. Control of epidemic and endemic . infectious diseases in Iatin America, Asia, and certain Buro- pean areas is a major public health problem. How important this problem is in Latin America and how it contrasts with the experience of the United States, Canada, Oceania, and Western Europe as a whole, can best be grasped by consolidating the deaths reported for the 10 leading causes in each country, and by computing approximate area-death rates. When this is done with data referring pri- marily to 1940, South America's 10 Republics reveal that pneumonia and influenza witha death rate over dig R00 per 100,000 population is the leading cause of death, followed by diarrhea and enteritis, and tu- berculosis. Diseases peculiar to the first year of life and heart diseases take’ fourthand fifth places. Cancer is seventh. Central America (including Mex- ico) places diarrhea first; pneumonia second; and 4 malaria, measles, and helminthic diseases third, = fourth, and fifth, respectively. Heart disease and cancer are eleventh and sixteenth in this array. When data for all Latin America are consolidated, Es ‘by the presence, diarrhea and enteritis lead the list, closely fol- lowed by pneumonia, malaria, and tuberculosis. Dis- eases of the first year of life, heart disease, whooping cough, bronchitis, and measles are fifth, sixth, eighth, ninth, and tenth, respectively, with senility in the seventh place. The predominance of infant and childhood deaths is clearly indicated among the 10 leading causes, of diarrhea and enteritis, measles, and whooping cough, as well as diseases peculiar to the first year of life. Contrasted with the health problems of Latin America, diseases of the heart is first among the 10 leading causes of death in Europe, North America, and Oceania. Over 500,000,000 inhabitants lived in these areas in 1940. Pneumonia, cancer,intracranial lesions of vascular origin, and senility follow in that order; and tuberculosis, diseases peculiar to the first year of life, violent and accidental deaths, nephritis, and diarrhea complete the list of 40 % : INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS ° the 10 principal causes of death. With the excep— tion of diarrhea which appears among the 10 prin- cipal causes in Europe only and nephritis which is present in North America and Oceania only, the same causes appear in slightly varied order in all three areas mentioned above. The presence of senility among the 10 leading causes of death in Europe and Oceania is rather surprising. The use of this par- ticular rubric in cause-of-death certification in- dicates a lack of specificity in diagnosis. It will be noted that pneumonia and tuberculosis, at least, are universal scourges, while in Latin America, diarrhea and enteritis with other infectious diseases replace the degenerative diseases which are common to the countries with aging populations. The death rates per 100,000 for heart disease, the leading cause of death in a number of countries, have been arranged in rank order and are presented graphically in figure 14. Figure 14—HEART DISEASE DEATH RATES IN 40 COUNTRIES: 1940 ( Rates are the number of deaths reported from diseases of the heart per 100,000 total population ) 350 1. Englond ond Wales 341.6 2. Scetlond 323.1 3. Northern Ireland 304.8 4. Ireland 301.1 Ss. Austrig '297.0 6. New Zealond (ex. Mgoris) 295.2 7. United States 291.9 8. Belgium 270.1 9. Australia 248.2 10. France | 227.4 11. Bulgaria (towns) 221.8 12. Hungary (1940 terr.) 220.8 13. Spain 212.9 14. Czechoslovakia 2202.9 15. Switzerland 202.8 16. Argentina 3186.3 17. Italy 183.6 18. Germany (1940 terr.) ‘182.7 19. Canada 178.4 20. Denmark 178.4 21. Chile 172.7 22. Netherlands 168.0 23. Estonia 164.6 24. Portugal 157.5 25. Brazil (cities) 5153.4 26. Uruguay 142.6 27. Rumanio : 4135.9 28. Iceland 133.7 29. Union of South Africa (Eur.) *133.4 30. Norway C1145 31. Lithuania ‘1044 32. Egypt (towns) 78.0 33. Costa Rica 76.2 34. Greece 'e6.1 35. Japan (proper) 63.4 36. Mexico . 54.3 37. Venezuela 47.4 38. Colombia 44.7 39. El Salvador 21.8 40. Guatemala "19.7 0 50 100 ! 1938 rate. S 1944 rate. 21937 rate. € 1941 rate. 21936 rate. 71943 rate. 41939 rate. Note. — For source of dota and explanatory footnotes, see table 20, p.174. 150 200 250 300 350 RATE PER 100,000 TOTAL POPULATION . GENERAL MORTALITY Heart disease death rates range from 20 per 100,000 for Guatemala to 342 for England and Wales, with 14 other Western Nations showing rates exceed— ing 200. If it is recognized that rates for this .cause in Latin America may be inaccurate and that probably Japan, Lithuania, and Greece classify many deaths from heart disease under ill-defined and un- known, then the rate of 115 for Norway becomes the lowest index corresponding to England's top rate of 342, The highest rate is thus at least 3 times as large as the lowest. If Japan's rate of 63.4 is considered comparable, the differential increases to 5, Moreover it is seen that, high though they are, heart disease death rates in the Union of South Africa, the Netherlands, Demmark, and Canada, are markedly lower than corresponding rates in the United Kingdom, Oceania, and the United States. A more de= tailed study of each of the rubrics between 90 and 95 included in "diseases of the heart® would be nec= a essary in order to explain the variation. The pres— ence of Argentina in the group of countries exhibit ing high death rates from heart disease is inter— esting. : It was noted above that senility appeared in seventh place among the 10 leading causes of death in latin America. The proportion of total deaths allocated to ill-defined and unknown causes as well as to senility is an important consideration in the international comparison of death rates for any single cause. Since each of these rubrics tends to be the catch-all for medically uncertified deaths, the proportion shown for each country might be used as an index to the accuracy of cause—of-death re- porting and to the reliability of the reported rates. Percentages of total deaths reported as due to ill-defined and unknown causes plus senility are presented in table S. TABLE S.—PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY FOR SENILITY AND ILL-DEFINED AND UNKNOWN CAUSES: 43 COUNTRIES, 1940 (Proportionate mortality is the percentage that deaths from specified causes are of total deaths) Rank Proportionate Rank Proportionate order Sommtry. mortality order Country a 1 Venezuela (exe tribal Indians) 60.1 R3 MEXICO ves sss nanos renidosons 12.0 2 TaBhnanta. cee savdiasiavnos 132.0 24 Germany (1937 territory).... 210.7 3 El S21vadors sees ossvesnsases 30.2 25 Japan (proper)eesessssee sees 10.4 4 Belgium (inc. war losses)... 275 26 Onatemala, sires sessnceisen 810.3 Be BS toni Ay eves sssiossinnannes is 226.2 27. | Netherlands... svedevssessne 9.9 Bra) TTINCE. ss scivenss vives arine 24,1 28 Bulgaria (towns)e.c.eeeeenes 9.9 7 Colomblifie esis swon's soviaviesse R1.5 R9 DOIMAPK. es vo s'v nin svnnseinsiosns 943 BA AOTEOCB ras ve nisinsns sas vonies 317.3 B02 BPR, anes snares ele ve 9.0 9 Icelande cscs sssossessssionse 17.2 31 ThRlY eaves ssvnsvnvrsesseveee 90 1055 | Bumanifieew eine ses sues seins 217.1 32 | Northern Irelande...seess... 8.8 11 POrLUZALs ec sisevs vissnevss sins 16.4 33 Chiles icssscsrisesessvaisciens 7.8 1R HUNZBTY vee sco rvasesssnssssoe 16.1 34 Switzerland... cess vssecssees S.4 13 Trelandee sees ssn sewesesdee 15.0 35 Union of South Africa 14 | Brgentingsee. os ceinssevevane). 214.3 (BUTOPRANE) ese ce vsinnesasene 25.1 15 Egypt (Health Bureau areas). 14.4 36 Scotlande-ssveessnsssnssasos 4,8 16 | Peru (ex. jungle population). f14.1 57 . |-Brazil (cities).cversseveses 4.9 17 NOTWAY « oi0is'« si0iuin ainivlsio s/s wivieiwreis 13.8 38 Mstralia.ssevresesssssovee 4.1 18 Finland. «. cee visisisneosseons ess 13,7 39 England and WaleSe.sesoccces 3.5 19 UruguaYeesesseosvieseocsesioe 12.7 40 Costa RicBee ses esvssevssoecs 3.3 20 BIStrife io vsenenevesvensen 312.2 41 New Zealand (ex. Maoris).... 2.9 ®1 | Czechoslovakifeeieesesrsoarss 212.2 42 | United States....esesseonses 2.2 R2 SWEAET1e +/s'e's s's's v'0s 2's 's/usaine sein 1R.0 43 CENAAR. verve vrs sr avsmmecsnd R40 11939 data. 21937 data. 31928 data. £1936 data. $1943 data. Source: Computed from data in table 20, p. 174. Venezuela exhibits the most startling ratio, indicating that only 40 percent of the reported deaths are being classified for cause. It follows that all cause-of-death figures for Venezuela are therefore understated to a considerable degree. Likewise, cause~of-death reliability is in question for Lithuania, El Salvador, Estonia, and even France, each of which shows R24 percent or more of their deaths for all practical purposes unclassified for cause. These and other high percentages may.be con- trasted with data for the United States and Canada, each of which shows only 2 percent of their deaths in these two categories. Belgium's position as fourth highest with 27.3 percent of their deaths classified as ill-defined and unknown, or due to senility is not a true index inasmuch as war losses are included in the figure. A discussion of the trend of the death rates for ill-defined and unknown causes alone is given on page 48. i on In order to study more closely the trend of ‘certain specific diseases since 1935, table 21, page : 190, has been prepared to show the deaths reported Table 2R2, ge 205. presents the death rates computed for ich disease. According to the Health Division of the United Nations Relief and Penebifiiauion Admin- statistics were available, Cases of certain epi- f demic diseases reported in 1R continental European countries where public health services never ceased fo to function during the war were as follows: 1943 inci- Cases of disease dence in " units of Median prewar 1928-1938 3945 level { ah velses R,561 7,996 3.1 Poliomyelitis... 4,546 11,292 2.5 EB typhoid......... = 28,881 44,316 1.5 " Dysentery......s 10,965 23,110 2.4 . Diphtheria....., 168,354 501,911 3.0 BL getmes fever... 176,275 566,398 3.2 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS It will be immediately clear that diphtheria, scarlet fever, and cerebrospinal meningitis showed the largest relative increases. In order to see how closely mortality has reflected the incidence of the infectious diseases indicated above, each of the 14 cause—~of—death trends is considered geparate= ly in the following section. Tuberculosis,—The trend of the tuberculosis death rate during World War II was much the same as it was during World War I, but at a generally lower level. It is true that, in a number of countries, the remarkable reductions achieved during the period between wars were all but lostin the sudden upsurge in tuberculosis deaths beginning in 1941, but for other areas,the trend continued downward. Data from table 22 and from other sources have been plot- ted to show in figure 15 the trend of tuberculosis death rates from 1920 to 1944. It is evident that the tuberculosis death rate declined fairly contin-— uously until 1940 in every country with the excep— tion of Japan, Chile, and Brazil's cities The gain in control of tuberculosis mortality is clearly demonstrated by reference to the percent— age change in the crude death rates for this cause between 1920 and 1940, Table T shows the Nether— 22ynited Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Adminis— tration, Health Division. Epidemiological In- formation Bulletin, vole. I, No. 3, p. 101, Feb- ruary 15, 1945. TABLE T.—PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN THE TUBERCULOSIS DEATH RATE: 31 COUNTRIES, 1920-1940 Percentage Rank Percentage Country change order Country change ol, Netherlands. ...ee eves ssuesss sss ~70.3 17 Baluiumte oveie ciiienhiniein nininining es ~40,5 RE DoNMOT y's wise sus cinis sans ruses ses ~=56,7 18 Union of South Africa 3 BUSTA aR Ss sarees ons names onion 164.9 CBUTODPRANS Yio wi sivio nis 0 0.0 in 0i0ins 4.39.8 4 | NOrWaYeseoesseesesssnscscsonnn -61.0 19 England and WaleS....eoeeevees ~38.1 50 I United States... vans srs vsnns ~59.8 20: UV Ebonivesesnsnsssvsision viediens 5.37.2 6 Germany ®.y ve sisuiesanssnsnvans, 1.59.5 21 Scotlands... ox silks vesnisnien sins ~36.4 7 ZcelanA ees sens sr sicssnnviossviss =59.1 RR BD21Ne ssn visions sores vssvinisisionis =35.9 8 Switzerland. «esses sis sssseisees -56.6 R3 UDUEBY os vo ¢ ov sis nino nisin sin 0 iwinidve sis -31.1 RG Bede. Jee se ee ra ee ~56.5 BA. | Canada. ss ss eivessssesssins esse 429.3 “410 Hungary (Trianon territory)... 1.55.1 25. | Trence®. va de sininin seen iie —R6.1 11 TEalydeh sols vials ss en's esis sus suse ~5345 , 26 Irelandes css sso esvieinissesivivie —R4,5 12 | ‘Czechoslovaki. uses cesses 52.1 27 PORIEB Lessee tina saeninnig snnine 8.18.1 Ln Northern Irelandissssssecssnss ~51.4 28 TBE CB ais sss ss ssssssanssslasnsse 71749 14 | New Zealand (ex. MBOris)...... =45,7 20 1 Pinlond. ive svarios vier senses se 8.10.4 © 35 Australia (ex. aboriginals)... ~45,6 30 JBDBN a iv ss vas 0 a nisieeiv ss usianien ~4,8 164 | Lithuaniof..ii..eevesnivesvoes 344.7 BY IONE. s Covhnssinsoinio sues sone +445 #Registration area not strictly comparable between period 1920-1938. 2period 1920-1937, v 3Period 1925-1939, “Period 1921-1941. Bperiod 1923-1937. ~ Speriod 1927-1940. 7Period 1921-1938. * 8period 1921-1940, Source: / years (see "source" for details). Computed from data in table 22, p.R10, and from Vital Statistics—Special Reports, vol. 9, No.36, \ RATE PER 100,000 TOTAL POPULATION 250 300 316 308 308 325 IR, | yf \ TH 3 Nf i \/ \ L } \ Me yg Noh, 7 No \ x rN 200 100 50 0 1920 JAPAN (PROPER) ESTONIA oHUNGARY / IRELAND SPAIN Note. — For source of data and explanatory footnotes, see the following: 3 : . 1920-1934, Vital Statistics —Special Reports, vol. 9, No. 36 ond Summaries of Biostatistics for Latin American Republics. 1935-1944, table 22, p. 210. NETHERLANDS SWEDEN CEYLON J $e £3 NEW ZEALAND (Ex. MAORIS) Loy ge a ey ye a Ly 1925 1930 1935 1940 1944 Figure 15. — TREND OF TUBERCULOSIS DEATH RATES IN 34 COUNTRIES: 1920-1944 ( Rates are the number of deaths reported from tuberculosis (all forms) per 100,000 total population ) RATE PER 100,000 TOTAL POPULATION 300 ABRAZIL (CITIES) zs TN 7: \ id » ~~ Lr Yee atten emt —— 250 A 200 A \ \ \ —. ——FINLAND FRANCE 150 CZECHOSLOVAKIA ® ITALY 100 o 2 {NORTHERN IRELAND FST re Ne—o—omomi at N a =| ert eT adtiereih ebomciens N AT “Germany ENGLAND AND WALES Sen oy NC 50 rer ” tren uti, Tel —— ee otal “*———..eJUNITED STATES oa om, amore Etsy i “eo austraLia 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | l | | 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1944 *1938 - 1943 dota are for Bohemia and Moravia only. RATE PER 100,000 TOTAL POPULATION 42A 301.6 455.7 300 GREECE® 250 7 a Nr V 200 ™~N CHILE 150 100 PORTUGAL AY 50 VENEZUELA SWITZERLAND +=SCOTLAND «+ {MEXICO CANADA UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA (EUR) DENMARK 0 1920 1925 *1939 -1942 data are for cities of Athens and Piraeus only. 1944 al HSE i RIBUT 0 GRE Ad wr ae pT T Zz GENERAL MORTALITY lands achieving, in 20 years, a 70 percent decrease in the tuberculosis death rate. Chile alone showed an increase of 4.5 percent in the rate. The de- creases though varying from 70 down to 5 percent do not indicate any strict geographic grouping.. As would be expected, countries with high rates in 1940 (see figure 16) are those inwhich tuberculosis mortality decreased the least during the two decades preceding. Unfortunately, trend data are available for only 34 of the 47 countries represented in fig- ure 16, therefore a complete comparison cannot be made Figure 16.— TUBERCULOSIS DEATH RT TN PR (Te SC Ba he i a aes Cel The favorable decline in tuberculosis mortality continued practically unchecked from 1940 through Sweden, 1944 in Australia, New Zealand, Demmark, Switzerland, the United States, Canada, the Union of South Africa, and Costa Rica. But, for Belgium, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scotland, guay, Portugal, ended in 1938-1940. An increase began in 1941 which was, in some areas, to wipe out the gains made dur- ing the entire preceding decade. RATES IN 47 COUNTRIES: 1940 (Rates are the number of deaths reported from tuberculosis (all forms) per 100,000 total population) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 1. Brazil (cities) 272.6 2. Chile 260.1 hl A OO st ie i PL DE 3. Japan (proper) 213.3 2 Finland 0.7.27. JE 5. Bulgaria (towns) 1 7.0.5 JE ——— ) 6. Rumania "161.9 TEER 7. Estonia 2, 50 ‘2 J EE ————— &. Portugal is23 Ee ._ Lh CO S L ,-SSe 9. Hungary (1940 terr.) 140.9 Yoi.France 136.7 AD i, 11. Ireland 124.6 12. Czechoslovakia 2124.0 13. Panama 317.3 14. Grosce )1's 5 J ———— is. Spain sc SAT 15. Argenting 5) 10.2 NU ——————— V7. Uruguay Ook E-e alL....,, 18. Austria 499.1 19. Northern Ireland 97.7 ERT 20. Venezuela 94 .6 A. 21. Paraguay (districts) 94.2 22. Ecuador 88.4 AE 23. Iceland 85.8 ETT 24. Lithuanio RS 25. Norway 82.0 ETE 26. Scotland 78.9 LT 28. Switzerland 78.2 29. Italy 74.4 SN 30. Costa Rica 72.7 ————————— . 31. Sweden Poot TSE 32. Englond and Wales BO 33. Belgium 69.9 SS 34. Guatemala toa. 35. Ceylon 61.9 TS 36. Germany (1937 terr.) 57 TEER 37. Mexico 57.0 TERIA { 38. Egypt (towns) 53.14 ’ 39. Canada 50.9 ETE 40. United States 45.8 41. Colombia 45.2 42. Netherlands 43.7 43. EI Salvador 39.0 44. New Zealand (ex. Maoris) 38.8 45. Australio 36.6 46. Denmark 35.3 47. Union of South Africa (Eur) 35.1 : 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 RATE PER 100,000 TOTAL POPULATION | ' 1939 rate. 1938 rate. 5 21937 rate. 51936 rate. 31943 rate ©1941 rate. Note. — For source of data and explanatory footnotes, see tables 20 and 22, pp. 174, 210. 746604 O - 47 - 4 the Nether=— lands, France, Italy, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Uru- and Greece, the favorable decline Some of the re- ' tuberculosis as 1 ¥ 3 fp ed 7 ’ - fied statistically as assigned to this rubric’ in 1938, TTS FIT PTT : ported increases in 1940-44 might have been due in small measure to increased stringency in enforcing the regulations governing medical certification, for it is a well-known fact that even in some European countries, doctors are still hesitant to certify a cause of death. However, a more ‘accurate explanation would probably be found in food shortages and inadequate rations, resulting in general malnutrition which began to exert its effect on the populations of these countries. Overcrowding ~~ as a result of inadequate housing facilities also played a part. A sharp increase in tuberculosis incidence in Russia during 1941-42 was credited to the adverse conditions under which workers were pressed into service during the occupation. England also showed an increase in the tuber- culosis death rates in 1940-41, but by 1942 the rate was again at the 1939 level. Spain's tuberculosis trend is an interesting example of the effects of the civil war (1936-1939) augmented in recent years by food shortages. It is discouraging to note that Japan's tuberculosis death rate has climbed steadily since 1933, and that data for Latin America show either uniformly high or increasing rates as in Brazil's cities and Chile, or very little tendency toward reduction as in Uruguay, Costa Rica, and Mexico. The extent of the universal tuberculosis prob- lem is further delineated if 1940 death rates are compared for all the countries where data are avail- able. From figure 16 where tuberculosis death rates are shown in rank order, it is found that Brazil's 21 cities reported the extremely high rate of 272.6 per 100,000 population, closely followed by Chile with a rate of 260 per 100,000, both of which are almost 8 times the lowest reported rate, 35.1 for Europeans in the Union of South Africa. High as these rates are, it is estimated®® that China's death rate for tuberculosis at the present time exceeds 400 per 100,000, and it is safe to surmise that many deaths in India are also due to this cause. It is difficult to see how rates of the mag- nitude indicated for Brazil, Chile, Japan, and Fin- ~ land could be attained if deaths from this cause are underregistered to any extent. It is possible, of course, that deaths due to other respiratory causes are reported as tuberculosis, but considering the reluctance of families to admit the presence of this disease, such an explanation is hardly likely. It is probable that the excessive number of young persons in the population, at least in three of the _ four countries exhibiting high rates, is one of the most important causative factors in that the age groups most likely to contract the disease predom- inate in the population. Many tuberculosis deaths are probably classi- "jll-defined and unknown" since notification of the disease is nct uniformly compulsory. In Greece, 7 percent of all deaths were so the recorded tuberculosis death rate of 115.8 may well be "mini- mal." In Spain, Portugal, and even France, as well as in many parts of Latin America, the same fdctors may be operating. Rates of 23.8 and 28.6 for Nic- aragua and Honduras, respectively, have been omitted 23Ridding China of Tuberculosis, by S. C. Wu. Na- tional Reconstruction Journal 6(3):10. 1946. (Abstracted in Biological Abstracts, June-July, 1946). NR ES TE Tre CDSN) 1 a 0 aa : : INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS from figure 16 because of the admitted lack of med— ical certification in these areas, and the probable resultant inaccuracy. The reliability of El Salva- dor's reported 39, Colombia's 45, and perhaps Mexi- co's 57 may also be questioned for the same reason. If rates in Latin America are not considered com- parable, the United States appears to have the sixth lowest tuberculosis death rate in 1940, surpassed only by the Union of South Africa, Denmark, Austral- ia, New Zealand, and the Netherlands. Cancer,__Ten years of deaths and death rates for cancer and other malignant tumors are given for 47 countries in tables 21 and 22 on pages R00 and R15. This cause of death is of paramount impor- tance because, inthe Western Nations, it now claims more victims per year than any other single cause of death. Diseases of the heart alone outrank it. It is interesting also because the death rates for cancer have apparently increased consistently in almost every country for which statistics are avail- able. Figure 17 shows the trend of the cancer death rate for 29 countries. Portugal, Ceylon, Spain, and Japan alone show relatively no change in the rates for the period shown. All the countries of Western Europe, plus Canada, the United States, and the Union of South Africa (Europeans) have shown regular increases over the past 24 years. Table U shows the magnitude of the increases in percentage form for the 23 countries where both 1920 and 1940 data are available. Increases of over 75 percent are reported for the Union of South Africa, France, and Estonia, while Japan alone shows no in- crease in the period. Increases for Denmark and Sweden were minor. The fact that registration areas were not always strictly comparable between years, and that the period was not always a full two dec— ades, will probably not affect the interpretation of the data. It is clear that there have been no decreases in the cancer death rate among the R3 countries presented. : In evaluating the relative changes in the can- cer death rates, the degree of medical certifica- tion prevailing in a country and the possibility of increasingly accurate diagnoses should not be over- looked. The degree of medical certification in each country can be investigated indirectly from the proportion of the deaths assigned to ill-defined and unknown causes. Presumably, with increasing medical certification, fewer deaths would be classified as ill-defined. A certain proportion of the added number of medically certified deaths would fall into the cancer category, thus increasing the number of deaths reported from this cause. which had been reported as due to benign tumors might, in increasing numbers, be correctly diagnosed as malignant, and vice versa. Examination of the trend of the death rate for ®ill-defined and un- known causes" on page 218 shows that, in general, rates for this category have decreased up to 1940. Beginning with 1941, deaths assigned to this rubric began to increase in number but probably only be- cause the temporary lack of adequate medical and hospital facilities for civilians resulted in an increase in deaths uncertified by a physician. All these data substantiate the conclusion that the reported increase in the cancer death rate is due at least in part to more general medical cer-— tification of causes of death and to increasingly ac— curate diagnosis. The factor of advancing average age of the population also accounts for a portion Moreover, deaths Figure 17. — TREND OF CANCER DEATH RATES IN 30 COUNTRIES: 1920 -1944 44A ( Rates are the number of deaths reported from cancer and other malignant tumors per 100,000 total population ) 200 200 200 ws \ NswitzerLano ; de AN 4 \ Jd 3 J ** ~JENGLAND AND WALES ..— ---={SCOTLAND iy ¢ pd Br fo J # red ' tera] 2 — Ls — crn i ST rr 40-0 {DENMARK / or I 1 eS ne ~ wet ip i a?” ~ 150 der ; : 150 Zz ta = or” 150 Td = —-— GERMANY : es root. Lo” sits emo OS rie iil 2 + usr naan 4 Zr Lo ©~0~g-0-0- Sor ior? Saal ” 5 rpm a oT LBZ, Lo x {IRELAND re? 3A pr Norw a NORTHERN IRELAND or Ay Aon omd New Zeavano - i - i lee roa | 8, Yomi aed rip ela a a 0—0— gl — s wg i, ts oo / i 2 - ol 7 “fr i 2 7 / af N 7 ir?” ane ; ” i ° we fe 5 i — we —— Le snsnnnes’ i el AN Ria Es SE 0d Hasna ad nl Ff UNITED SaTES ; os pele N.S gr hal Bl L~ ° od rtf & \ oF — ~ z xX. vt / 2 Grr?’ nr, I 8 Lr AN. foie le 3 rt / 2 arnt TET ont E 7 A ° 0 — 0 Ja ~ Canioh 7 L- 2 Es a Vv J ost —— stn ET < = ~~ AUSTRALIA oe Se _° x 7 - 3 2 ——— fo" i Lil Tre pe, z a - SC — a ° ~~ * UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA (EUR) a a oh J i Ll of URUGUAY = = - I ’ a wn = oniof / JTS] AFmano 2 = Lv © - o o "100 > et? ty —_ plo © 100 = 100 wz o po [< din iL] 8 - wr rs > “1 ~ Ss 8 VV | oo S ey am / o o o o c «© | Z = Eee =F & w a a £ o g & & LA, Tad Ain Sengnl JON © lopazn coment; BEST EE Eee Ren IES Lek BY ta Sn TR oii Bi pe Cag er eile Ee Bodh ihe BE Sh eR BT be STR 0 i RL in 3 EL BA te ad ie ne prt Cha BS A ii TO | Saad . Fr ar > a rir) TE me ~~. JAPAN ee -——— (PROPER) Lr ir” NG Spain 7 |.” - 7 —T . r 50 / 50 eT — mm 50 ’ gf ~) hs / i SS. __. —-APoRTUGAL Sera eA 7 ~ | T0 Try ™s / NF ~ . i arr derrmii Te . He MEXICO i 2 eer a fe m2 —_— +s = —— - —{CEYLON bm —. | ——— as me «reels spate meee 4 Spt py — Load Sill! ] Ly | reed a ceded | | J Ey frend Ed Homi boy rd poo) J | Loo] 0 Bel eed fe joey Loosley Load fsb] 0 %020 ©1928 1930 1935 1940 1944 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1944 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1944 Note. — For source of data and explanatory footnotes, see the following: 1920-1934, Vital Statistics —Speciol Reports, vol. 9, No. 36 and Summaries of Biostatistics for Latin American Republics. 1935-1944, table 22, p. 215. CE —r TET I TT EE EE ET TT EET Caer 0 i \ 3 oH GENERAL MORTALITY TABLE U,—PERCENTAGE INCREASE IN THE CANCER DEATH RATE: 23 COUNTRIES, 190-1944 Rank Percentage order Country increase Be BSE B i suis ies Saas iris mint se 189.0 2 | France*..cesisccsccssccccscnnscne 80.1 3 | Union of South Africa (Europeans) 7845 4 Chile. .cvoeisisnsessvvassiivensveee 74.3 Bil Gormany®y vs sravins sans ones ine 268.9 6 Belgiumiesssoeesersssorssencarses 62.0 7 Ivelandecsvessssurenensies ores 359.4 8 iCanadaltye. css iivrsn os sans rsssase 2507 9 England and WaleSeesesocssocsece 47.8 10 | Hungary (Trianon territory)...es 247.4 131 United States¥keceecoesscscoseces 44,2 12 | Northern Treland..eeeseseseveves 843.1 13 Switzerlande se ese vsssssivassivens 39.7 14 New Zealand (ex. Maoris).s.sscee 39.3 15 Scotland. sess serevssssvneviesarse 3667 16 NOrWaYe sss secssessssssivnssscnnes 3065 17 TEL Ee nios een sscinavsnsssennessiasn R5.1 18 | Australia (ex. aboriginals)..... R.4 19. Netherlands ssesvessesssnsosais ve 22.5 R0 COYlonse ass ssseossorsssncesnenys 18.9 21 SWedenNeseesessescesssscccsssneee 12.1 RR DermaTe sive sve's coc sneivisisey ve ona 8.4 23 Jzpon (DroparYeeesess ess svisseste 0 #Registration area not strictly comparable between years (see "source" for details). period 1923-1937. “Period 1921-1941. 2period 1920-1938, Bperiod 1922-1942, SPeriod 1923-1943, Source: Computed from data in table 22, pe R15, and from Vital Statistics—Special Reports, Vo. 9, No. 36. EER 4 of the change.? easily fixed. Despite the fact that there are explanations for the reported trends except in the caseof Japan, not alter the basic cancer problem, i. e., that a very large number of persons are dying from this cause in every part of the world; that, so far, it does apparently nothing can be done to prevent these deaths, and that cancer constitutes one of the ma— jor problems of public health. Turning to the variations in the level of the cancer death rate in 1940, it is found that Swit~ zerland reported the highest rate (176.0). Other Western European countries followed with rates ex— At the opposite extreme are the Latin ceeding 125. American Republics which, with the exception of Uruguay, show comparatively low rates. Figure 18 presents these variations graphically. It is inter— esting to note that Uruguay reports a cancer death rate of 98.8, which is comparable to that of Fin land and Hungary. Tais high cancer death rate would tend to substantiate the authenticity of a low crude death rate for this racially homogenous, developed latin . American Republics The low cancer rates reported by Uruguay's neighbors are probably the result of underregistration and inaccurate med=— ical certification. Rates for Honduras, Guatemala, 24For the United States, the effect of the aging population upon the crude cancer death rate may be judged from the fact that the crude rates exhibited a 1.76 percent per anmum increase age-adjusted between 1921 and 1940 while the rates for the same period showed a smaller rate of increase of 0.53 percent annually, ment was made in this case on the 1940 United States population. 1 Reports, vole 23, No.l. Washington, DeCel945e) i b3 aH The relative weights of these reasons for advancing cancer death . rates are not highly Adjust- (Vital Statistics——Special INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS : Figure 18. —CANCER DEATH RATES IN 46 COUNTRIES: 1940 (Rates are the number of deaths reported from cancer and other malignant tumors per 100,000 total population) | 2 / 0 50 100 150 200 Hd I. Switzerland 176.0 BC 2 England ond Wales i7o3 i A AL... fs. A A @ DAP E 51 Austria 164.2 [N————————— Be 4. Scotland | 162.7 Ratt 5. Germany (1940 terr.) ~~ 2149:2 SE ———————————————— 6. Denmark’ ; 147.4 re om 7. Netherlands 138.2 8. Norway 136.2 9. Northern Ireland 136.1 ACERT = ¢ 10. Sweden 136.7 Ut AD ll AA By « {1. France : 133.3 Re .,. a i A U --.-.- 12. Ireland L278 A 13. Iceland 126.3 a 14. Czechoslovakia 3124.2 EO k 15. New Zealand (ex. Maoris) 120.2 ——————————————— | © 16. United States BH : 17. Belgium 119.9 ” re. Canola aim i A... 19. Estonia 37.2 EE ET EE 20. Australia 116.8 21. Union of South Africa (Eur) 102.8 RAR ~ 22. Finland v 101.6 EET _ 23. Hungary (1940 terr.) 101.3 ETE i 24. Uruguay 98.8 oy 25. Italy pig TTR i 26. Argentina “85.4 ; 27. Bulgaria (towns) 83.8 if 28. Japan (proper) 70.9 : 29. Chile 69.7 ~ 30. Spain 65.3 i 31. Brazil (cities) 63.9 32. Costa Rica 62.8 33. Greece '52.3 34. Portugal 45.8 35. Rumania 243.8 i 36. Lithuania 243.6) i 37. Ponoma 539.6 A 38. Paraguay (districts) 36.4 39. Colombia 25.9 40. Venezuela 25.8 41. Egypt (towns) 23.2 2? 42. Mexico 23.2 ii 43. Ecuador 19.2 44. Peru ®14.0 45. El Salvador 12.9 46. Ceylon 11.3 : { 0 50 100 150 200 RATE PER 100,000 TOTAL POPULATION ! 1938 rate. 41936 rate. 2 1939 rate. 51943 rate. 2 1937 rate. €1941 rate. ‘Note. - For source of data and explanatory footnotes, see tables 20 and 22, pp. 174, 215. “deaths in Spain to and Nicaragua are not shown in figure 18 because they are patently inaccurate. y Typhoid fever ,_ Excessive morbidity from ty- phoid fever was not manifest during the war except in Germany, france, and Italy, where the incidence in 1943 rose to over twice the prewar level. Table 22, page R05, shows, however, that mortality from this disease did begin to increase between 1940 and 1944 in parts of Latin America, in Ceylon, Japan, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Switzerland, Australia, and New Zealand.Z2®° The numbers of deaths reported from typhoid fever are usually very small in Western Nations, so that indicated percentage increases are not too significant. For example, Denmark's 1941 death rate from this cause showed an increase cf 100 percent over the 1940 rate, but the number of deaths in- volved was only 14. The alarming feature is the presence of the disease in regions where it had been all but eliminated. The Netherlands is perhaps the best example of a country which had, by constant vigilance, gained almost complete control over ty-— phoid fever, only to have it reappear during war years. With the 1940 death rate equal to 100, the Netherlands shows an index rate of 133 in 1941, of R33 in 1942, and 300 in 1943. : Spain exhibited for 1937-1940 a typical wartime reaction to the disease. The 1937 rate for typhoid fever almost doubled that recorded in 1936. The rate continued to rise to a peak in 1938, fell off in 1939, and was back to normal in 1940, decreasing constantly through 1944. The return of typhoid "normal" and below is an en- couraging precedent. Statistics are not available for Russia, but a report on "25 years of Soviet Public Health"®® states that typhoid fever cases did not vary substantially from prewar incidence, the level of prewar incidence, however, not being given. Wherever increases have occurred, it appears that the disease is manifest primarily among displaced persons. It might be assumed, therefore, that res-— toration of normal living facilities would help to dispel the problen. Cerebrospinal meningitis,—This disease char— acterized usually by very low death rates of less than 1 per 100,000 nevertheless showed relatively large increases during the war period. The disease appeared in Austria in 1939 with a rate 20 times the 1938 level. For Hungary, England, Scotland, and Switzerland; the peak came in 1940 with death rates from cerebrospinal meningitis varying from 4 to 8 times the 1939 mortality. While the disease appeared in Northern Ireland in 1940, it reached its highest rate of 8.2 in 1941. In Australia and New Zealand, the disease struck in 1941-42 with death rates as 2SReports for 1945 indicate a wide-spread epidemic throughout Central Europe with a normal case fatality. See The Typhoid Fever Wave in Europe. United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Ad- ministration. Health Division. Epidemiological Information Bulletin, vol. II, No. 2, pp. 55~ 63. 26pdapted f rom Dvadstat pyat let Sovetskovo zdravoo- kraneniya 1918-1943. Published in American Re- view of Soviet Medicine. August 1945. GENERAL MORTALITY _ high as 12 times those shown for 1940. quate living facilities. tomary level. Scarlet fever Scarlet fever may have consti- Cerebro— spinal meningitis, like typhoid fever and diphtheria, is a disease of wartime crowding and lack of ade— With the alleviation of these factors, it will no doubt subside to its cus- tuted a morbidity problem during the war years, but it did not show up in the available mortality sta- tistics. Only in Bohemia and Moravia and in Germany were increases of any magnitude evident, and these were not outstanding. Reports from Russia suggest a diminishing mortality from this cause. Whooping cough. Whooping cough, disease of childhood, is especially prevalent in Latin America where death rates per 100,000 popula- tion. in 1943 ranged from 4.6 for Uruguay to 127.5 in Guatemala. Colombia's 1943 rate was double the 1941 level. Despite sporadic outbreaks, the general trend from 1935-1944 in every country, reporting has been toward lower death rates for this cause. It is possible that the introduction of general immunization will completely control the disease in the years to come. Diphtheria .—This is the disease which is cred- ited with being the leading epidemic disease of the war, both as a cause of morbidity and of mortality. This fact is especially significant when it is re- called that diphtheria is also one of the diseases which canbe practically eliminated by public health methods, as it has been in the United States, and was in the Netherlands before 1940. Between 1920 and 1940, diphtheria death rates had been reduced 'as much as 99 percent for Norway, and as little as 5 and 3 percent for Spain and Japan, respectively, as shown in table W. The increase of over Beginning in 1941, however, the diphtheria death rate began to rise above its 1940 level in Canada, Chile, Ceylon, Japan, Belgium, Bohemia and Moravia, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Switzerland, Australia, and New Zealand. In 1942, Venezuela,Denmark, Hungary,Ireland, Italy, and Sweden joined the group of countries showing increasing death rates for diphtheria. peared to increase unchecked through 1943 and 1944 for Canada, Chile, Venezuela, Ceylon, Japan, Den-— mark, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, Finland, Switzerland, Australia, and New Zealand, while for other still remaining well above the 1940 levels. Germany and the Netherlands showed by far the 4 worst situation with the 1940 death rate multiplied 9 to R3 times by the Denmark, Norway, increases also. Although official statistics are not available for Russia, epidemiological informa— tion indicates that diphtheria was responsible, to- gether with pneumonia and tuberculosis, for the rise in childhood mortality in that country, in spite of a high percentage of diphtheria immuniza- tion among the children. The United States during 1941-1944 showed rates well below the 1940 levels, while Canada on the of 37 percent in the rate for 1944. an epidemic almost Table W shows also that increases were observed for shorter periods for Finland, Lithuania, and Czechoslovakia. 100 percent in the rate for "Finland is particularly significant. fi? Rates ap-~ countries they had abated somewhat though 1942 and 1943 experience. and Switzerland showed alarming x other hand showed an increase 4% reader] sais 48 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE W.—PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN THE DIPHTHERIA DEATH RATE: 31 COUNTRIES, 1920-1940 5 Rank Percentage order Qountry change i NOIrWayeoesoooecooceassoccasons =99.R 2 SWadeN,sesesseesssssvessessons 08.1 3 Switzerland.eseeecessscneneess 94,3 4 DONMATKe ssn cssvssesssresecsepos -93.8 5 JeUnited States#eeeeesscsccssnes 92.8 6 Iceland. eeeecesesoscccsssceces -92.5 7 0BNEAaRe se sie'ss sres’s's vssessssse 1.89.6 8 New Zealand (ex. Maoris)...... —87,5 Ri 1G) NetherlandS..secesessssscsscsse -83.6 10 Mstralia (ex. aboriginals)... -83.2 11 | Hungary (Trianon territory)... 2.79.4 12 Belgium, se eee esssssssocsseces 59.2 ‘13 England and WaleS....ccoeceess ~58.9 14 Union of South Africa J CBITOpeanNE Ye esse ss sovievivnss 3.53.1 15 ChilG.eceseossecscscssscssscscse =51,6 16 Treland.ceessaviessnessssssesee =50,8 17 EStonifiecesssvsivsioseasnnvesens 4.50.4 18 POrbUGaL ee vases ss soe oesianeves 8.47.9 19 France¥#.eeseseececcecscssccces ~46,.6 20 | GT88Ce ves ss sro vins tne rin vinee 6.45.3 Sil Tealyit. sense ss ennnsaseivnienssy 3749 2 AISETioh. eases ssncnsriscnsiassns 2.29.8 85 COTMANY Hy sesnssassissnrss ons 2.26,7 R4 Uruguayecsecssescccsssssesscccs =R3.1 5 Northern Irelandececesscccecsscs =12,5 26 Scotlands ess eecesscssssscssssce =10.,1 27 Spain. cesses cise rnsienssvenes ins -4,7 28 Japan (proper).ec.csscesccccsss —2.9 20 | TAthuaniaR. osescsasseisvensve 7443.4 20. | CzechoslovakifZesssesssescssesse 8,478.2 Zl" I Finlands.eensssecionescinniossne 84113,5 #Registration area not strictly comparable between years (see "source" for details). period 1921-1941. 2period 1920-1938. 3period 1921-1939. “Period 1923-1938. Bperiod 1927-1940. ®period 1921-1938. 7Period 1925-1939. ®period 1920-1937. ~ Source: Computed from data in table 22, p. R09, and from Vital Statistics—Special Reports, vol. 9, No. 36. Influenza. —Death rates for influenza have shown on the whole a tendency to decrease during the 10 years 1935-1944. For war years there were no continuing nor widespread increases reported,but there were sporadic increases for certain countries, especially in 1939-40. Influenza mortalitywas high during prewar 1939 \ in Germany,Lithuania,Switzerland, Belgium, Ireland, Canada, Australia, and Mexico. Later data are not available for all of these countries, but 1940 re- vealed very high death rates for Switzerland,North- ern Ireland, France, Scotland, and England. The experience of Scotland and England is especiallyin- teresting with influenza mortality rising to a peak in 1937, 1940, and 1943 and subsiding in the inter- vening years. Increasing numbers of deaths from influenza were found in 1941 in Sweden, the Nether- lands, Ireland, Bohemia and Moravia,Colombia, Costa Rica, and El Salvador. Smallpox. —Smallpax has all but disappeared wherever adequate sanitation and public health measures are in force. High rates would be expected, and are found in parts of Latin America and in Ine dia where the disease is indeed prevalent and re- sponsible for a large proportion of the deaths. In India alone the number of deaths from smallpox reached 216,538 in 1944, resulting in a death rate of 71.5 per 100,000 population. Measles. —lMeasles like smallpox is a constant source of concern in Latin America but only an in- termittent problem elsewhere. This disease has shown no tendency to decrease in Latin America over - the past 10 years except in isolated instances. Poliomyelitis. —Poliomyelitis is not, by any standard, a leading cause of death anywhere in the world. The highest rate recorded in 1940 was 0.9 per 100,000 in Japan. Norway's 1941 rate exceeded its 1940 rate by 20 times but only 315 deaths were involved. There has been no other appreciable change in the death rate for this eause. I111-defined and unknown causes.—This category represents the sum total of the effects of inade- quate medical certification and indefinite classi- fication of reported causes of death. In general, as the proportion of doctors serving in the popula- tion increases, and as medical service is made available to a larger segment of the population,the proportion of deaths assigned to ill-defined and unknown causes will diminish. From statistics shown in table 22, it may be seen that with one or two exceptions the rate for this residual group appeared to be decreasing until 1940. The amount of the de- crease between 1920 and 1940 is made clear in table Y. New Zealand and Sweden show the greatest gain with decreases of over 90 percent in the rate for this cause. It should be noted that some of the de-~ creases of lesser magnitude relate to periods some- what shorter than two decades. Five countries show increases in the death rate for ill-defined and unknown causes. For Fin- land, France, and Germany, the increases suggest that the dislocation in medical services caused by the war might be a factor. The extremely large in-— crease for Belgium is explained on the basis of the deliberate inclusion of war lossesin this category. From table 22 it appears possible to calculate the percentage change in this category for Austria, but closer comparison of the cause-of-death clas- TT Ee ST : aN AR REARS - LONGEVITY % DT SRT TABLE Y,~PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN THE DEATH RATE FOR ILL~DEFINED AND UNKNOWN CAUSES: 30 COUNTRIES, 1920-1940 Rank Percentage order Country change 1 New Zealand (ex. Maoris)essse ~95.2 2 SWedeNesccsessvesesecsssasene -91.1 3 O76choslovaltifese su sss sss suis 1.89.5 4 Toolondee sandonsnssnnives sss 2.85.2 5 Australia (ex. aboriginals).. 7743 6 Canadofeiessesosse isso rsboonss 3.72.1 7 Northern Ireland.eseceeceessces ~69.4 8 Hungary (Trianon territory).. 4.69.4 9 Lithmaniotte.e se ss ssssssinevece 5.53.8 10 GreB6COecenccesessccccsssssses €.57.0 Jl | Portugal. .c.vevessnsssnvonces - 75,7 02 | TapRI, ca ruinnr ven ns rnrnn 65.2 13 DermArke sis vies vee ss ssnssssissise 65,1 14 Uruguayesssssessscosvnssnssce -83.5 15 Irelands sesssssissssassesess -56.9 16 Switzerland.cseeseeecsscscses =55.2 Rank : Percentage order Country change 17 England and WaleSeeeeessssesne 50,0 18 Chile, sivas ssnssesivivens siessieise 473 19 NetherlandS....esessssescnsionss ~46,2 20" | BEL Onin «visi vivinnis ate sien 2 oie s 00s 3ie 8.39.3 21 8eot1lande esse ec oninossis ss visieivies =3349 22 NOTWAY + sseessssnssesnesssessnns -19.8 23 Union of South Africa (Baropeans)s.scssvisissrcsnssie °.15.5 24 SPR1IIs sa v.vsvaTsivis its vis eninmsin ise =13.0 v'25 United States. ceesessssesiese ~946 R6 TEalY He eessssscosvnsveesssncie +6.7 27 | Finland sve vs sedewiie sro nusivi 7432.8 .28 GeTANY Hess ss esisvasineiss visor ens 4472.2 R9 Pronce®. seuss ves snveisivesvinssies +221.1 30 BOL IUMMeiaisis eve osnisis tas oisoreinie +33547 #Registration area not strictly comparable between lperiod 1920-1937. 2period 1929-1940. 3period 1921-1941. “Period 1920-1938. Bperiod 1925-1939. ®period 1921-1938. ?Period 1927-1940. 8period 1923-1938. ®Period 1922-1939. Source: Computed from datain table 22, p.R18, and sification for 1920 and 1938 reveals that they are almost completely noncomparable in regard to ill- defined and unknown causes. Despite the improvement (i.e., decreases in the death rate for ill-defined causes) shown be- tween 1920 and 1940, the latter year revealed rates for this rubric higher than the 1939 levels in sev- eral areas. The 1940 rates for Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, and Norway all showed increases over years (see "source" for details). from Vital Statistics—Special Reports, vol. 9, No. 36. those reported the preceding year. These 1940 in- creases cannot be attributed to war losses because, according to table 20, war losses for these coun- tries, when known, are included with violent and accidental deaths. The increases in ill-defined and unknown causes of death beginning in 1940,prob- ably resulted from the dislocations brought on by the war and the consequent diminishing medical serv- ices available for civilians. LONGEVITY Despite the fact that the possible life span of man is approximately the same the world over, very great variations are found in the average length of life which can be expected in different countries. These variations are not inherent in the races or nationalities resident in these countries but the result of differences in public health and economic development. In table R3, page 220, are presented the aver- age remaining lifetimes at birth, at 10, 20, 30, 80, and 80 years, for males and femalesin 39 countries. These data have been taken from official publica- tions, and no information is available in regard to the methods of computation. It is presumed, how- ever, that the results are approximately comparable. Most of the data refer to periods of a decade or more ago. Because mortality rates have become more favorable during the intervening period, it may be expected that the present expectation of life in these areas is somewhat greater than it was esti- mated to be at the time of the computation. It is an accepted fact that most countries throughout the civilized world have shown decreasing death rates and hence a constant increase in the ae HE CE (mm yore) 7 Ato Fah Country Period Expectation of life at birth BE NREUOvIarlie, 1. Loin thd Shaws soni va bab hase t \ New Z = Sol 3 Toe. EW ZEALAND a ———~.. A N 0b -0-0-0— 0-0-0-0—0-0—0-8: BE en 2 I~ re IN ON ; = Posat ho A J ex. aonis) E 8 . S = 7 oT 3 zi rr ok = Ty GERMANY bY “Austria a i Costa Rica 3 © MEXICO IRELAND FRANCE 4 0 | | 1 1 | | | | l | | I 1926 1930 1935 Note. — For source of data and explanatory footnotes, see the following: 1926-1936, Vital Statistics — Special Reports, vol. 9, No. 36. 1937-1944, table 25, p. 228. 1940 1944 0 1926 RATE PER 1,000 TOTAL POPULATION @ Figure 19. — TREND OF CRUDE MARRIAGE ( Rates are the number df marriages LATVIA Norway / thins UNITED STATES Xe ARGENTINA = \ \ CzecHosLovakin® Ne SCOTLAND ENGLAND AND WALES ent SPAIN 1930 VENEZUELA *1935-1943 dota ore for Bohemia and Moravia only. 1935 1940 1944 Tn £ SCE Se a Ape dba a anf oy RATES IN 42 COUNTRIES: reported per 1,000 total population ) 16 RATE PER 1,000 TOTAL POPULATION 0 1926 1926 - 1944 UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA (EUR) PALESTINE AUSTRALIA , BULGARIA SWITZERLAND PORTUGAL NORTHERN IRELAND BELGIUM ITaLy 1930 1935 1940 1944 ESTONIA DENMARK CANADA CHILE FINLAND RATE PER 1,000 TOTAL POPULATION @® HUNGARY CEYLON NETHERLANDS 1926 1930 1935 1940 1944 NUPTIALITY because of lack of the necessary funds, and because of inability to reach a place where the ceremony might be performed. On the other hand, for similar reasons many marriages are religiously celebrated, but never civilly registered. With the downward movement which began for al- most all ‘countries in 1930, the trend of the crude marriage rate exemplifies its well-established tend- ency to follow economic cycles. The almost univer- sal tendency following the depression was primarily | upward, culminating in an additional sharp upward turn with the coming of mobilization between 1939 and 1942. Almost invariably 1943 showed a slight decline in the marriage rate which was not, however, matched by a declining birth rate in 1944. There were several countries which did not show strict adherence to the pattern. France, Belgium, Greece, Hungary, Poland, and Rumania did not demonstrate recovery following the depression. In these areas, the marriage rate either contined to decrease or maintained an unchanged level. Among countries engaged in the war, the sudden decreases in the marriage rate reflect directly the removal of young men from the population. As so- ciety again becomes more stable, there is reason to believe that the marriage rate will return to levels prevailing in 1935 or earlier. The experience of New Zealand, England, the Netherlands,and the Union of South Africa would tend to justify this assump- tion. Such a view is in keeping with the premise that the increase in marriage rates during the past 10 years simplyreflects the performance of marriages delayed from previous years. Complete studies by age of participant would be necessary to prove this hypothesis. The influence of population policies marriage rate is shown in the trend line for Germany and Austria. National policy contributed to the rise in the German marriage rate in 1934 and in 1939, the first being connected with the advent of National Socialism and the second with the first years of conquest. Austria also shows a very large increase in the marriage rate in 1939. 1940 variations in the level of the marriage rate In figure 20, the crude marriage rates prevail- ing among 59 countries in 1940 are arranged in rank order. Rates exceeding 10 per 1,000 population, are shown for 11 countries, including such wide- spread areas as the Union of South Africa (Europeans), Egypt, New Zealand,the United States, Scotland, and Canada. The Latin American Republics appear at the lower end of the array attributable in large part to underregistration and noncomparability of the concept of ™marriage." Among the countries where registration may be considered reliable, Belgium, and France show the lowest rates, 4.3 and 4.4 per 1,000, respectively, corresponding with their re- lationships in regard to the crude birth rates (see p. 18). England and Wales,Scotland, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland, onthe other hand, report low crude birth rates, but relatively high marriage rates, on the | suggesting that in these countries the concept of family limitation must be an important factor in accounting for the low birth rate. rates in Latin America being based on births which include a large percentage of illegitimates, are also rates reported in those areas. Static marital status The absolute number-of persons over 15 years of age reporting themselves single, married, widowed, or divorced at the time of the last census is given: in table 5, page 86. Table 6 shows the relative numbers, i. e., percentages, by sex, each of these categories. The variation in the in- terpretation of the term "married" is revealed again in the figures for Latin America and more primitive societies. Although an attempt was made to include "consensually married" groups were shown separately, to make the adjustment for Cuba. In Cuba and ap- parently in Guatemala and in Chile as well, the con- sensuallymarried group is included with the "single" population, thus decreasing markedly the proportion of population reported as married. The number of married males in no case equals the number of married females reported. In the ma- jority of the countries, married females ported in excess, but in Germany, Austria, Canada, the United States, Australia, New Zealand,the Union of South Africa, India, Malaya, and several other areas, the number of married males . enumerated ex— ceeds the number of females. The enumeration of an excess of women in the married category has been variously attributed to the fact, that women are more likely than men to report themselves married, and that married men away from home are either missed more often by the enumerator or are incorredtly classified. These explanations are not trustworthy, however, in view of the fact that a number of coun- tries report the reverse, with married males exceed- ing married females. There seems to be little or no relationship between the percentages of males and females in the married (or single) state, and the level of the present crude marriage rates. However, a great deal of the evident disagreement may be due to the fact that the population percentages refer to the last census which in many cases was no more recent than 1930. The marriage rate has increased markedly be- tween 1930 and 1940, and comparison of marital sta— tus and marriage rates between these two years is not entirely valid. For census years, it is possible to compute a refined marriage rate on a population, consisting of single, widowed, and divorced only. When this is done, a direct though slight relationship is ap- parent between the proportion of the population stated to be married and high specific marriage rates. Age-adjustment might increase the agreement, but data for such adjustment are not given in this report. ; The high birth compatible with the extremely low yarriags reported in with "married" wherever the it was not possible are ree i Shs i: tis 8 stl LAT at [1 on fz. 3 a. / 5. 6. Py. 8. s. INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS Figure 20. — CRUDE MARRIAGE RATES IN 59 COUNTRIES: 1940 United States . Egypt Palestine Austria New Zealand (ex. Maoris) England and Wales Australia Canada Scotland ( . Latvia. - . Estonia . Lithuania . Norway . Sweden . Japan (proper) Fy 17. Denmark . Java and Madura (Eur.) 19. Bulgaria (1939 terr.) . Rumania 21. Germany (1937 terr.) . Chile . Spain . Mexico . Poland . Yugoslavia . Finland 28. Hungary (Trianon terr.) 143, 45. 46 A 48 49. B 50 51. KC iis ee 53 54. 55 56. 57. 58 59 a7. 60. . Switzerland . Netherlands . Northern Ireland . Italy . New Zealand (Maoris) . Argentina - Uruguay . Iceland . Malta and Gozo . Greece . Portugal . Paraguay . Costa Rica . Ecuador Chosen . Ceylon Ireland . Colombia Venezuela . France Belgium . Cuba Panama . Brazil . El Salvador Peru . Dominican Republic Honduras Nicaragua . Bolivia . Guatemala Haiti vag 11935 rate. 2) 938 rate. 3 31939 rate. ¥. 41937 rate. pre Note .~ For source of data and explanatory footnotes, see table 25, p. 228 Union of South Africa (Eur.) ( Rates are the number of marriages reported per 1,000 total population ) 0 2 6 8 10 12 14 13.2 125 J, A LU... un Ls L,I. U.S. » -B ns lH a A, A UD SRSss-As ria | - ,™ tt hh tt ee at 1 OO ———— 7 Dr ———————————— ia a ee Mt A ll il ru i hs EY AALS AOE 71 1 Su EE—————————————— EO 10,8 A... I, LLY AL... 03 AS 57 GC S.A aa A i 7 OC EE ——— oe OL, hh... a oP 9.3 55 aA LB tA™ SS ARR] hd SN A DS i] 2 FE '9.0 A a a ii 2.6 A. i i SES I, $5 B's Al rs, i at rn 67 J... I. I... sa Albro©@KP. 5.4 on ee... Ll ET. lh] 8.3 5.0 cr Ce a a A a 25.0 rr le A TAN Me le hee] 37.9 7:9 RI. I. SS A ,.S 77 ext ee -., aL le 7 7.6 ye Er di t,t 7.0 ee], CO a il PHnhido ih A As PA A ASO. ESE 9 et a A 6.7 A Ne : oo OE ————————— 26 6 A a .—,8 - re S ANOS 6% J rE en To ee. M _,. sh 57 Ra A rr a = 7 I ——— 4g7 , SS es LALA 5. JE =. CO 2.8 HN i a a © J ——— | 4 ———————— 7 JE I —— —— 35. I Zr. A.D 33 TT 3% EE 25 RT io Hl ., 4 1.9 1.7 IS 0.8 0 2 6 8 10 12 14 RATE PER 1,000 TOTAL POPULATION Si hy DIVORCE AND THE DIVORCE RATE comparability of divorce rates is open to some question. The term "divorce" has at least as many different connotations among nations as there are religions. In Brazil, for example, divorce is not recognized, even in the new constitution of 1946. In Chile, divorce proper is not common, but annulments are quite prevalent, and these in fact apparently represent the true "dis- solution-of-marriage" statistics for Chile. In Bulgaria, statistics published on divorce refer only to persons of the Greek Orthodox faith. Where Mos— lems are concerned, the divorces reported apparently would apply principally to females since males by law may take more than one wife. In addition to the problems presented by var- ious fundamentalconcepts of the meaning of divorce, there is the fact that some countries include an~ nulments and even legal separations with divorces. In most instances it has been possible to limit the data in tables 26 and 27, pages R31 and R33, to "divorce proper." In countries where it was not possible to exclude the other categories, and in Chile where annulments were included deliberately, the figures are so footnoted. It should be noted that, where annulments have been subtracted from the published data, they constituted for most coun- tries only a small proportion of the total “marriage dissolutions." These adjustments in the reported data are attempts to achieve more nearly comparable figures, but in view of the fact that divorce is a legal action admissible only on certain grounds which differ widely even among the States of the United States, it is clear that these data are not very meaningful except for broad tyend analyses. Rates for divorce incidence per 1,000 total population have been calculated and presented in table R27, page R33. The total population is not the most satisfactory base to use in computing the divorce index because it does not relate the di- vorces to the potential population able to be di- vorced. The number of married couples represents a more exact population, but unfortunately these data are available only at the time of the census. Therefore, for long-time trend analysis, one is limited to rates based on the total population. In order to more properly evaluate the present status of the divorce problem, however, divorce rates per 10,000 married couples have been computed for a number of countries, and the results are presented in table 28, page 235. It will be noted that the number of married couples is estimated to be the larger of the two Sex—groups reported at the time of the census. (Attention was called to this dis— crepancy between the sexes in marital status re— porting in the discussion of static marital status, Pp. 53.) For some countries, data for two census periods are available, and from these a very rough idea of the trend of the specific divorce rate can be determined. From table 27, page R33, it is seen that ,on the basis of rates computed on the total population, The international * DIVORCE AND DIVORCE RATE N Aid the United States is the only country showing a recognizable trend in the divorce rate in recent years. However, when divorces are related to the number of married couples in the population, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Sweden, Union of South Africa, and New Zealand, as well as the United States, show decided increases in the divorce rate between the two census periods. Canada's almost three-fold increase at a rather low level is inter— esting. Not all countries registered increases in this index however. Japan's divorce rate, p 10,000 married couples, decreased from 40.8 in 1930 to 35.5 in 1940. The rate computed on the total population also showed a tendency to decline. Por- tugal showed a decrease from 7.6 in 1930 to 5.2 divorces per 10,000 married couples in 1940. Swibt— zerland also recorded a slight drop from 36.2 in 1930 to 35.6 in 1941. g Level of the divorce rate The divorce rates giveninrank order in figure 21 do not all refer to the same period because they are dependent on census enumerations for the base. Nevertheless, it is thought that, since those for = | than overstated,relatively satisfactory comparisons can be made. Egypt records the highest rate, 173.7 divorces per 10,000 married couples. The Ukrainian S. S. R. for 1925~28 is second with 98.2, and the United States, third with a rate of 89.2 which in- cludes annulments. These are the three countries which also report high marriage rates. England and Wales shows the lowest divorce rate, 4.5 for 1930- 3% based on 1931, the latest year for which the marital status of the population is available. Knowl- edge of the stringency of England's divorce laws and the expense involved in obtaining a decree, would tend to verify the accuracy of this rate. ACY It is conceivable that divorce rates given in table 28 for England, Scotland, and Greece, for ex- ample, are somewhat understated, but even with al— Ta lowance for this discrepancy in time, the difference between these relatively low rates and the highest would still be marked. According to data in this table, the United States reports a divorce rate per 10,000 married couples almost 20 times that recorded for England and Wales in 1930-32, and 8 times that recorded for Canada in 1940-42. ) It is oftentimes theorized that urbanization, and the emancipation of women are the deciding fac- tors in determining the relative frequency of di- vorce. The rates shown here would not entirely. ' substantiate this theory since neither Egypt nor the Ukraine is noted for the two characteristics - described, nor are Latvia and Estonia. England, Scotland, and Canada are so characterized yet their divorce rates remain low. It is obvious that other determinants are involved to a greater degree than this one. i Figure 21. ’ . Egypt . Russia, Ukrainion S.S.R. . United States Austria Denmark Lotvia . Estonia . Union of South Africa (Eur) . Switzerlond 10. Japan (proper) 11. Germany (1937 ferr.) 12. Hungary (Trianon terr.) 13. Sweden 14. New Zeolond (ex. Mooris) 18. France 16. Finland 17. Yugoslavia 18. Rumanio 19. Netherlands 20. Czechoslovakia 21. Chosen 22. Norway 23. Australio 24. Mexico 25. Belgium 26. Conodo 27. Guatemala 28. Greece 29. Scotland 30. Portugal 31. England ond Wales ® NGL EN — ! Includes onnuiments. \ INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS \ — DIVORCE RATES IN 3! COUNTRIES: RECENT PERIOD (Rates are the average annual number of divorces per 10,000 married couples ) 0 20 40 60 80 100 173.7 —_ 98.2 's9.2 46.8 0 20 40 60 80 100 RATE PER 10000 MARRIED COUPLES 2inciudes onnulments ond legal separations. Note. ~ For source of data and explanatory footnotes, see table 28, p. 235. List of Significant Dates in the Wartime History of Selected European Countries Austriaccccecceceecee Belgitmeesessssssnses Bulearid.. oesessasse Czechoslovakideesosos Denmark... is ceeesses England and Wales.... France. veseosssnsevse Annexed by Germany: March 12, 1938. Invaded by the German Army: May 10, 1940. Evacuation of a large number of the popu=- lation to France. Capitulation: May 28, 1940. Return of the greater number of evacuated persons in July and August. At the beginning of 1943, there were 77,000 war prisoners and 300,000 deported Belgian civilian workers in Germany. In April and May 1941, Bulgaria joined in the invasion, and then in the occupation of northern Greece (Thrace) and of part of Yugoslavia (Macedonia). Loss of Sudetenland, ceded to Germany by the Munich agreement (September 30, 1938); Te8in (Cieszyn, Teschen), taken by Poland. Bohemia and Moravia invaded and a German protectorate declared (March 18, 1939). Slovakia secedes and declares itself independent (March 23, 1939). Subcarpathian Ruthenia (Subcarpathia) and a southern strip of Slovakia (Northern Territory) annexed by Hungary (November 1938, April 4, 1939). Occupied by the German Army: April 9, 1940. Declared war: September 3, 1939. Heavy bombing of large towns by the German Air Force from August 1940 to May 1941. Declared war: September 3, 1939. Invaded: May 17, 1940. Armistice: June 22, 1940. Partially occupied (northwest zone) from June 1940; completely occupied, November 1942. Liberation begun: June 6, 1944. SIGNIFICANT DATES 57 List of Sigpificant Dates in the Wartime Ristory of Selected European Countries mCon. Germany (Altreich, 1937 territory)..... Ireland (Eire).eccec.. Italyeserenseenees NetherlandSeeeceeeceee Portugaleeeeeccscess Rumania... secoccesesee Scotland. ceive ses iicenie SpaiNecceccscecccccee Sweden .s.ssseccecnvese Switzerland..ces.... Austria annexed: Marcle 12, 1938. Sudetenland annexed: October 1, 1938, Bohemia and Moravia occupied: March 1939. Poland invaded: September 1, 1939. Denmark and Norway occupied: April 9, 1940. Belgium, Luxemburg, and the Netherlands invaded: May 10, 1940. France invaded: May 17, 1940. Yugoslavia and Greece invaded: April 6, 1941. U, S. S. R. invaded: June 22, 1941. Bombardments of large German towns, increasing in number and gravity, by the Allied Air Forces, beginning at the end of 1941. Number of foreign workers at the beginning of 1943 (including employed pris- oners of war): 6,500,000 (constantly increasing). Following the annexations carried out on November 2, 1938, April 4, 1939, August 30, 1940, and in April 1941, the January 1941 census gave to nGreater Hungary" a popu lation of 14,670,000 inhabitants, of whom there were 9, 314,000 in the territory de- fined by the Treaty of Trianon. Yugoslavia invaded: April 6, 1941. Participation in the war against the U. S. S. R.: June 22, 1941. Neutral country. Declared war on Great Britain and France: June 10, 1940. Attacked Greece: October 28, 1940, Sicily invaded by the Anglo-Americans: July 10, 1943; the mainland: September 3, 1943. Invaded by the German Army: May 10, 1940, Capitulation: May 14, 1940. Invaded by the German Army: April 9, 1940. Neutral country. From 19,900,000 on July 1, 1939, the population fell to 13,300,000 on September 7, 1940, after the following territories were ceded: 1. Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the U. S. S. R., June 28, 1940 (about 3,700,000 inhabitants); Re. Two-thirds of Transylvania to Hungary, August 30, 1940 (about 2,600, 000 inhab- itants); 3. Southern Dobrudja to Bulgaria, September 7, 1940 (about 320,000 inhabitants). In June 1941, Rumania joined Germany in the invasion of the U. S. S. R. Recupera= tion of the territories of Bessarabia and Northern Bioving increased the number of the population at the end of 1941 to 16,800,000. Y Went to war: September 3, 1939. Heavy bombardments of the large towns by the German Air Force from September 1940 to May 1941. Civil war from July 27, 1936, to April 1939. At first nonbelligerent, then neutral during the second world war. i Neutral country. Neutral country. League of Nations, Health in Europe. A Survey of the Epidemic and Nutritional Situation, by Yves Bulletin of the Health Organisation, vol. X, No. 4, 1943/44, pp. 583ff. Geneva. - The number of the table which shows yas! data £03 ‘that such data are not 1 ‘ POPULATION ; NATALITY apy - By sex age of mother Nox and Single 5 single | ber marital | by age | Trend for and roy are | Lok Trend | status | ‘and | 1937-1944 miltiple| A°9 cen: Dar for By age (rmumber sex (rumber Average | deliv- ai sus-[sity| 1937- |and sex and (percent and Mimber | specific| eries | P iin as 1944 percent of rate) rates | by legi~| Ri) 1900~ i distri- | total) timacy 1946 “bution) : 2 Ye 3 4 Sand 6 7 8 and 9 10 1 12 13 1944] 1 |1944|1937-1944| —— ey set 1937-1943 Sa iia Es — 1944] 1 |1944|1937-1944| —— a — | 1987-1944 fo es en ini 1940-1942 X 1944] 4 |1944|1937-1944|1933,1941| 1933 1933 1937-1944 | 1930-1944] 1947 1945|1935-1943| 1943 . 1939] 6 |1939|1957-1944| 1939 [1934,1939| 1939 1937-1943 |1931-1954|1933-1934| 1934 1939 1944| 4 |1944|1937-1944|1930,1941| 1930 1930 1937-1944 |1939-1944|1940-1942]1935,1940 [1940-1942 1944] 1 |1944|1937-1944| — he — 1937-1944 Bx Sled me ie 1044| 3 |1944|1937-1944| 1940 — et 1937,1938 snl a] Foss et rim) rt er | 108 TR0AR] — Fah 1937-1944 2 CA — aos 1944] 6 |1944|1937-1944|1934,1939| 1934 1934 1937-2944 |1930-1940 1934-1935] 1935-1939|1933-1936| 1941] 5 |1941|1938-1941| -— — — 1937-1959 St as A a 1940-1942| ; : 1944) 5 |1944(1937-1944| 1941 (1951,1941 ©1941 | 1957-1944 |1930-1944| 15707 0,5) 1955-1944]1942-1944) lB or [10871004] —— — 1937-1943 sar So son ~~ 1944] 4 |1944|1937-1944| a 1921 | 1937-1944 i —— 1935-1939] -— 1944] 4 |1944|1937-1944| 1940 |[1930,1940| 1940 1957-1944 1930-1942 |1939-1941|1935-1942| 1959-1941 1940] 5 |1940|1937-1940| —— aid Ta 1957,19%8 1 — bs ve wh 1944] 5 |1944|1938-1944| 1938 Sn om 1937-1944 [1941-1948] — -| ort 1944 5 |1944|1938-1944| —— bie hot 1957-1944 — — — a 1944] 1 |1944|1937-1944| —— — — 1937-1944 en as or NC mie 1943] 4 |1945(1937-1943| -— 1943 1943 1957-1941 — bi — is, 1937). 2 |v] — 1930 1930 1930 i 1950-1957|1954-1936| —— 1935 1943] 1 |1943|1937-1944| 1943 cme Se? “1 1057.1048 11088000 + me [93R RGAmY He 1930 1945 10 |1945 [1937-1944] 1940 1935 1940 1957-1944 |1930-1943|1939-1941l 1935 1943] 1944 : Lo 1942-1943 1944] 2 [1944 [1937-1944] —— et Ss 1937-1944 a) mien 195619480 1 fone 1944) - [1944 [1937-1044 —— soins re 1957-1944 | — pad 1943 em 1944] 4 [1944 [1937-1944] -—— 1937 1937 1937-1942 ron — 1937 1944 2 |1944 [1937-1944 — rs — 1957-1944 === Ln oe 1944| 4 |1944[1937-1944|1932,1940| 1931 1951 1957-1944 |1938-1941[1939~1940|1939-1941| 1944 1939] 2 |1959 [1937-1941|1934,1938| 1934 1934 1937-1941 |1930-1938 [1937-1938] 1935-1957| 1938 1936-1938] 1944| 5 [1944 1937-1944 1940 [1930,1940| 1940 1957-1944 |1930-1944 |1939~1941|1935-1937]| 1940-1942 1940-1942 ’iven in row one. Because of ~ avallable elsewhere) »y . 7: space limitations, certain items of the speci \ Ea J 3, . s as fied data are indicated as "not available," but this # / MORTALITY MARRIAGE DIVORCE Fa Ra § d se h By age and sex SR By : By 14 Trend for mortality bien Seles ed Expecta- Trend for | Trend for Li y i 1937-1944 trend for latest . 1937-1944 | 1937-1944 COUNTRY Average ates 1935- tion mar- ; (number ag! 1937-1944 yeor 1944 oe (number (number ried iy and Number [specific (number ate ( 0) 1ifel and and ¥ te) rates and Ranor: [i mumber rate) rate) “om ) TE te) and and ples Tate rate) rate) 5 J 14 and 15 16 17 18 and 19 R20 21 and 2 R3 24 and 25 | R6 and 27 28 TABLE NUMBERS oy — | 1937-1943 = — 1937-1943 | 1936 = 1914 1937-1943 LH -— | Argentina hy 1957-1944 | — wre |, 1987-1000 1 Nien i on 1937-1944 os Bh Argentina (ex. i 1937-1944 (1940-1943 1940-1942| 1937-1944 |1940,1943|1935~1944 ( 1932-1934 | 1937-1944 | 1937-1941 |193R-34 | Australia 1933-35 y Rs 1937-1943 | 1933-1938 [1933-1935] 1937-1943 1938 1935-1943 | 1930-1933 | 1937-1943 | 1938-1940 1938-40 Austria HA - 1 ; [1937-1939 x pl 1957-1944 | 1937-1944 [190 1041 | 1937-1944 |1940,1944|1935-1944 | 1928-1932 | 1957-1944 | 1957-1944 |1929-31 | Belgiwm 5 ¥ 1957-1944 mr ee 1937-1942 oes —r — 1937-1944 rs —- | Bolivia » 1937, 1938 — 5 rox os —— + |*1890-1920 | 1937,1938 Zr -— | Brazil ; 1937-1944 Bh Hides 1937-1944 |1940,1944|1935-1944 = 1937,1938 a Brazil (21 cities) 1937-1944 | 1938-1940 [1938-1940 1937-1944 |1940,1944[91935-1944| 1925-1928 | 1937-1944 | 1937-1940 |1933-35| Bulgaria ; 1937-1939 4 — 1938,1939 Ss ul Cos ee Sr Bria : $ 1930-32 | Canada (ex. Yukon and 1937-1944 | 1940-1944 |1940-1942| 1937-1944 [1940,1944]|1935-1944| 1941 1937-1944 | 1957-1944 1940 42| Northwest Territories) Le 1937-1943 te 2k 1937-1943 —— phe — 1937-1943 AL -— | Yukon and Northwest Ters gi 1937-1944 SE pits 1957-1944 —— |1935-1044 gn 1937-1944 | 1937-1939 | -— | Ceylon f i 1937-1944 | 1937-1942|1939-1941| 1937-1944 | 1940,1942| 1935-1944 1940 1957-1944 | 1937-1944 | -—— | Chile : 1937,1938 _— es —_— —_— _— a. 1937 1937 1929-31] Chosen (Korea) 2 : 1937-1944 — om 1937-1944 | 1940 [1935-1944 1939-1941 | 1937-1944 — -— | Colombia Yd 11937-1944 LL — 1957-1944 = =k sil 1957-1944 (hE oe Colombia (ex. terr.) 1937-1944 T= re 1957-1944 | 1940,1942(1935-1944| 1927 1937-1944 | 1937-1944 | —— | Costa Rica SE | 1037-1943 ied oR oo eo —n ad 1939 ee — | cuva FA 1929-1957(1929-1931 FE 1937 |1935-1937| 1929-1932 A = 1929-31| Czechoslovakia a 1937-1943 2 ES 1937-1943 | 1942 [1938-1943 rk 1937-1943 | 1937-1942 | —- Bohemia and Moravia : 1929-31 : Bi, 1937-1944 | 1939-1944|1939-1941| 1937-1944 | 1940,1944| 1935-1944 | 1936-1940 | 1937-1944 | 1957-1944 |1934-36| Denmark | ; . 1939-41 i 1937-1944 = Ts 1937-1944 FL — ae 1937-1942 | 1937-1942 | -— | Dominican Republic ye 1937-1944 ti es 1938-1944 — [1935-1944 fis 1937-1944 | 1938-1943 | -—- | Ecuador ! : 1937-1948 -— he 1957-1942 | 1940,1943] -— 1917-1927 | 1937-1944 | 1937-1943 | 1936-38| Egypt { wT = 7 4 1937-1944 — 1937-1944 | 1940,1943| 1935-1944 — 1937-1944 1940-1944 oe El salvador x i { 1937-1944 | 1938-1941|1939-1941| 1957-1944 |1940,1941| 1935-1944| 1937 1957-1944 | 1937-1944 |1930-32| England and Wales Li 1937-1941 | 1938 1938 1937-1939 | 1937 [1935-1938| 1932-1934 | 1937-1941 es 1933-35| Estonia : i: | 1957-1944 | 1936-1940|1936-1938| 1937 1944 | 1040 [1935-1944| 1931-1940 | 1937-1944 | 1937-1944 |1929-31| pinland 2 1939-1940 1939-41 746604 O - 47 - 5 Ly Rs E &: g i E E gE (Years given in cells are those for which INTERNATIO NAL VITAL STATISTICS TABULAR INDEX TO specified data for selected areas are presented in this report. The number of the table which shows these data 1s that such data are not See footnotes on p. 64. F POPULATION NATALITY By sex By age of mother Num-— and Single Single ber marital | by age | Trend for and Gross : COUNTRY Area| of Trend status and | 1937-1944 miltiple | and cen- (Den— for By age | (number sex (number Average | deliv- | net re- \ sus- [sity | 1937- and sex and (percent and Mumber [specific | eries produc— es 1944 percent of rate) rates |by legi- tion; 1900 2 distri- | total) timacy | rates 1946 bution) TABLE NUMBERS 2 1 R 3 4 Sand 6 7 8 and 9 10 1x 12 13 1935-1937 France. cesses ssvoss sone }1946 8 1946 |1937~194411936,1941 |1931,1936! 1936 1937-1944. | 1930-1942 [1937-1938|1935~1942 1942 = 1940-1942 GEIMANY + essoersssssrenass [1944 7 1944 |1937-19441938,1939 |1933,1939! 1939 1937-1943 | 1934-1938 1936-1938 |1935~1939 1940 . Greece. eve nines vies wonsiees 11940 4 |1940|1937-1940 1923 1928 1928 1937-1943 | 1931-1938 —_— 1935-1938 {1931-1932 Guatemala. seeeccosencenee 1943 2 ,| 1943 [1937-1943 en 1940 — 1937-1944 -_— — 1939-1943 — Haiticeevesensncsnes ones’ i1944 1 [1944 (1937-1944 _— —_— — 1937-1944 — — — — / HONAUI@Sessecssacessessas [1945 9 1945 (1937-1944 — — —_— 1937-1944 — —— —_— —_— : : 1957,1959 = 1047 [1986-1938[ 15.0 Gol 20mg HUngaryseeseeossesdosases 1944 6 1944 11937-1944 1941 1930,1941] 1941 1937-1944 | 1930 1941 1941 3 Jceland.e.ssescescesesssees [1944 5 194411937-1944 — —_— —— 1937-1944 | 1930-1935 — 1935 — India (Botal)eseesecseess) —]. 5 — — 1931 —_— —— _— —_— — trie 1930-1931 India (British)... .|1941 5 194111937-1942]1931,1937|" 1931 1931 1937-1942 —— — = = Ireland (Eire).ee.ceee... [1943 6 1943]1937-1944|1936,1941]1936,1941) 1936,1941) 1937-1944 —_— —— 1935-1942 1940-1942 Ttalyeesssascacasonncenne|l04d 5 1944|1937-1944| 1936 1938 1936 1937-1944 | 1930-1941{1935~1937|1935~1941| 1937 1935 1930 Japan (Proper)ese.s.....q|1940 7 1940|1937-1944 1940 1935 1935 1937-1944 | 1930-1943 [1939-1940] 1935-1942 1937 1945 1940 18LY180s cansnesrcosiine cv. 11930 4 1939]1937-1941|1935,1939|1930,1935 1935 1937-1941 | 1930-1939 1938 -1939|1935~1938 1939 Lithuanifesseessessesseea]l938 1 [1938(1937-1940 — 1923 1923 1937-1940 | 1930-1939 —_— 1930-1932 1933 MAlA Ya. sive c eves assesses |1940) 4 194111937-1941 —_— 1931 — 1937-1940 — — — dan Straits Settlements....|1941] 4 1941(1937-1941 —_— 1931 1931 1937-1940 —_— —_— — —_— Federated Malay States. [1941 4 194111937-1941 re 1931 1931 193741940 — ts hf es Unfederated Malay States [1941] 4 |1941|1937-1941 —— 1931 1931 1937-1940 —— — — — Malta and. GOZOee.eesssass 1943 4 1943(1937-1943 — — ——— 1937-1943 — — — 1930-1932 MEXICO. evs aves nic nsnsns .|1944 5 1944]1937-1944 1940 1930,1940 —_—— 1937-1944 | 1930-1942 |1929~1931 — 1929-1931 J 1936-1938 NetherlandSeeeeseessvnens 1944 3 194411937-1944[1930,1942 1930 1930 1937-1944 | 1930-1941 |1938-1940]1935~1941 1943 1940 1941 : 8 - Netherlands East Indies.. [1942] 2 [1942(1937-1942 —— —= — mt = wh rmpers oe Jave, and MBaduTBe.everse] =] 2 |. ~-l19m0i1002) oe i —— [21937-1940 i sd i ua Outer Provinces....... o —] 2 ---11939-1941 ead Vo —— [1937-1939 Lia a he a New Zealand....seue.se...|1945] 8 [1945 — — —— —_— SE = an = = ; 1940-1941 New Zealand (ex. Maoris)| ... 8 «00 |1937-194411936,1941 1936 1936 1937-1944 | 1930-1943 1943 1935~1943| 1943 New Zealand (Maoris)...| . 8 «ee |1937-1944 in 1935 1936 1937-1943 — — — — EE FREY yi $7 rE Sp TER A, f . TABULAR INDEX ! REFERENCE TABLES—Continued given In row one. Because of space limitations, certain items of the specified data are indicated as "not available," but this does not necessarily mean i] available elsewhere) MORTALITY MARRIAGE DIVORCE X age and sex : ig 5 : Pree : By 14 A Infant cause® | selected Ratio x , 4 Trend for mortality 1940 and | causes? Expecta-— Trend for Trend for to k 1957-1944 trend for | atest | 1935. es, 1937-1944 | 1937-1944 [ oo CONNTEY (number 7 Average | 1937-1944 | “oo... 1944 of (rumber (number fied and Number | specific (number | ¢mber (number 1ife* and and saan rate) 7 rates and and nd rate) rate) ples S rate) rate) rate) 14 and 15 16 17 18 and 19 20 Rland 22 R3 24 and 25 | 26 and R27 28 TABLE NUMBERS 1985-1957) 1957 1944 1940-1942] 1935-1942 | 1933-1938 | 1937-1944| 1937-1944| 2230-52 prance 1937-1944 |1935~194R 1940-1942 1935-37 1937-1943 |1936-1939 [1936-1938| 1937-1940 |1938,1959[°1935-1944 | 1932-1934 | 1937-1943| 1957-1940 1osert Germany 1937-1943 |1927-1938 [1927-1929 | 1937-1941| 1938 [1935-1942 1928 1937-1939 1937 [1927-29 | Greece 1937-1944 — r= 1937-1944 | 1943 | 1935-1943 — 1937-1944 71937-1944 [1939-41 | Guatemala ! 1937-1944 — Va oo —— a SE 1957-1943 — — | Haiti 3 4 1937-1944 =r = 1957-1944 -—— [1935-1944 Hoe 1957-1944 on —— | Honduras 1957-1944 |1936-1942 (1936-1938 ©1937-1942 1940,1941) 1935-1944 | 1950-1951 | 1957-1944| 1937,1938|1929-51 | Hungary \ 3 1937-1944 Ls = 1937-1944] 1940 | 1935-1940 fee 1937-1944 1937 —— | Iceland 4 on or ae = me fr — re — — — India (total) 1937-1943 [1936-1942|1936-1938| 1937-1942 --— [1935-1944 | 1921-1930 = — — India (British) or : 1935-1937 i 2 1957-1944 |1935-1943 75707 us| 1937-1944 |1940,1945] 1935-1944 | 1940-1942 | 1937-1944 = nm Ireland (Eire) Jug 1937-1944 |1935-1941|1935-1937| 1937-1944 |1940,1948 1935-1942 | 1935-1937 | 1937-1944 amin — Ttaly Sea , 1929-31 3 1937-1944 |1934-1945 [1934-1936] 1937 1943 11940,1943] 1985-1944 | 1935-1936 | 1937-1943| 1937-1943[1934-36 | Japan (proper) 5) 1939-1941 1939-41 a / 1929-31 : Hid 1937-1941 |1938,1939|1938-1939| 1937-1939] ——- = 1934-1936 | 1957-1941| 1937-1939 |79z, zc | Latvia N 1937-1940 nl — 1937-1939 | 1939 [1935-1939 — 1937-1940 — —— | Lithuania | 1937-1940 — — — —_— —_— — — ee — Malaya hi . 1937-1940 — wet 2 107080 TOAO | 0 Se — — =! — — Straits Settlements : 1937-1940 ae — 111937-1940 —— i — — ——— ——— Federated Malay States x 1937-1940 pe — 111937-1940 pas —= mn —— — — Unfederated Malay States : 1937-1943 are — 1937-1943] . ——- cE. ma 1937-1943 — —— | Malta and Gozo it 5 1929-31 1937-1944 11939-194211939-1941( 1937-1944 |1940,1941) 1935-1944 | 1929-1955 | 1937-1944 1937-1944|}970 47 | Mexico 1937-1944 [1936-1942 Jos 1937-1944|1940,1947 1935-1943 | 1931-1940 | 1937-1944| 1937-1942|1929-31 | Netherlands a — wm — — ee = SA — Li —— | Netherlands East Indies vii 121937-1940 — — 1937-1939 ee a 1319%57-1939 | 121957-1939| —— Java and Madura 21937-1939 — —_— 1937-1939 —— _— — 131937-1939 | 21957-1959] —-— * Outer Provinces —— — es ——— — — —— tm — -_— New Zealand R5-R : 1937-1944 |1940-1943]1940-1942 | 1937-1944 |1940,1943 1935-1943 | 1934-1938 1937-1944 | 1937-1943 ld New Zealand (ex. Maoris) 1937-1943 — ms 1937-1943 —_— —_— — 1937-1943 ——— _— New Zealand (Maoris) this report. ~The nu WEEN ag e those for wh Fea eh : € ae rh 5 & Rt v . a In cells ar nber of AR ok NES Tr b . biti, CL NATALTTE a © POPULATION By sex By age of mother ; and Single S Single . ident marital | by age | Trend for and Gross i status and | 1957-1944 miltiple| and a (umber | sex (number Average | deliv- |Deb re- a and | (percent and specific| eries [PTOduc— 1944 tion percent of rate) rates | by legi- 1 distri- | total) timacy | ratest | : bution) mall NUMBERS Sand 6 8and 9 12 13 4 Lohr 1944 7-1944 1937-1944 1944 ecco cssnscerene 1944 1944 1937-1944 1935-1943 Irelande...ecee. 1944 1937-1944 1930-1941]1939~1941|1935~1941 | 1941 @ecsssesiiancans 1937-1944 194411937-1944 1937-1944 |1940, 1940,1941 vasecaarensenns 1944 1937-1943 sesscsvcrrrassoss ~ 1943 19043 1937-1941 “esses svecnsre Xf yr (25 biodemo— fh ly 1942 1937-1942 Le iT 1944(1937-1944 1937-1944 194419902942 1940-1945 |1942~ J By nr sean Ants 1988 1957-1944 1931 | 1981 | 1987-1943 |1930-1932|1980-1952|1931,1932| 1935 Dide Be phieaseiatines 1944 1937-1944 1930,1940| 1940 | 1987-1944 1944)1939-1941{1985-1944| 1941 | 2 RE 1939 [1987-1943 1930 1937-1945 |1932-1938 Fx “of Soviet : ; ¢ Ropailios) 1959{1957-1944 1926 1937,1938 £ 5 BS. Buxvonsyen 1939 Riv 5.8.80. 1939 3 le oe AT 1940 hd Se3,Ravisnnoss 1959 il 8.3.8... 1939 8 A 3 (Ee Tutsi rensnns 1939 LI BIB ese vs 1939 SER a. 1940 IS Hy 1940 S/S: Beaabsine 1940 1 Soviet ted S.R. 1939 SuSi ashe ches 1939 SeSiR ss cdnrress 1939 SiS Bava 1939 SS 1939 Russian ) 5.3.8. 1939 er Asiatic territory 1939 4 ‘given in Tow one. gosautt of space Hntteuons, certain Tend of the spect fred. data are inaseates as "not avatiebie,s Bae this’ ‘does not neces art available. elsewnere) 7 : i \ x . 3 a PPORTALETY py il jvm DIVORCE pe - r= T 4 - T r } © | By age and sex By By 14 h Aly ; : Infant cause? | selected : Ratio Trend for | - mortality | 1940 and| causes® | Expecta- | Trend for | Trend for to 11957-1944 trend for | latest | 1935- tion 1937-1944 | 1937-1944 | mar (number Average | 1937-1944 year 1944 of (number (number ried Ei / and Number | specific | (number (mmber | (mmber life! and and cou— EE BE rates and and and rate). rate) ples : s ASA rate) rate) rate) BE Be 14 and 15 16 17 |18and19| 20 [21and22 25 24 and 25 | 26 and 27 | 28 TABLE NUMBERS \ p- 1937-1944 = oe 1937-1944 — |1935-1944 et 1937-1944 | 1937-1944 | -— | Nicaragua 1937-1944 —-— —_— 1937-1944 '[-1940,1943| 1935-1944 1925-1927 1937-1944 —— — Northern Ireland 1937-1944 |1936-1941 ena 1937-1941 [1940,1941|1935-1941| 1921-1931 | 1937-1941 | 1937-1944 |1929-31| Norway } # 1937-1944 | — —— 1937-1944 — — ee 1937-1944 | 1937-1944 — Palestine 1937-1944 — m— 1937-1943 —_— 1937-1944 —_— 1939 Cy — — Panama 1937-1941 — —_— 1937-1941 _— —_— —_— 1937-1641 _— _— Paraguay k 1937-1942 | — | s7-1942 | —— [iesB-l042f 1938-1942 — — grate district) dl 1937-1944 | — — | 1939-1944 | 1945 [1939-1944 [41933-1935 | 1957-1944 ed — | Peru K { | 1937-1943 [1930-1934 [1930-1932] 1037-1943 | -— — | 1931-1032 | 1937-1043 Se — | Poland Beka ! 2920-87] : RL 1937-1944 {1989-1944 1939-1941 1957-1944 |1940,1944|1955-1944| 1959-1942 | 1957-1944 | 1957-1944 |1gs0_a7| Portugal 3957-1943 { « — — |P1987-1045 | 1939 ss he 1937-1943 | 1937-1942 [1929-31| Rumania 157,088 | — | —- SR = — a026a02 | — — > ke % of oY Gd) es sh So Bi — =a th = =r Armenian S.S.R. Gs uti EY — in aa — ia IN er Azerbaijan S.S.R. HE a Le emi rot rm — ite es — — | Estonian 8.S.R. ; fi ee fms es Fa = fou ER ra, Fein i Georgian S.S.R. —_— — mc —_— _— —-_— _— _— —_— —_— Karelo-Finnish 8.8. a / tt, tm re Sl Hl i. wir ~— = Kazakh S.S.R. le — Kirghiz S.S.R. gre on i ot he, re pH TH ak ht Le Latvian S.S.R. fr — — —_— — —_— — — —_ —_— Lithuanian S.S.R. SH — es en oe oh — a Ee — Moldavian S.S.R. ght Russian Soviet SU TT xT ecu ge mr hac 1926-1927 = QE Xa © Federated S.R. ry — LES fe SE ds Sf — pe Tadzhik S.S.R. Er A ee Sa A — ai as 21 Sok Turkmen S.S.R. = -— — — — | 1926-1927 — --- |1925-28| Ukrainian 5.S.R. ear a a 2 Ld — Po a He iz ie Uzbek S.S.R. 4 Ry T T ERE © 5 ? White Russian ho == TE es ee — 1926-1927 — nt EAI (Byelorussian)s.S. R i FC — Bem == = — te | —— — — Other Asiatic territo Si i BaD ole 1926-1027 rs ie il Siberia POPULATION Single by age amd A 8e% (percent of total) Trend for | 1937-1944 (number and rate) By age of mother -Average rates specific | 1937-1944 |1931,1941 1931 1937-1944 1938-1944 1939-1941 1940-1942 1941-1943 1935-1943 1937-1944| 1930 1930 1937-1944 1930-1941 1929-1931 1035-1944 11937-1944 11935,1940 1930 1935 1940 1937-1944 1930-1943 1939-1941 1940-1942 1935-1943 1937-1944 1930,1941 1937-1944 1932-1943 1940-1942 1941-1943 Ka 1935-1943 . [1937-1944 (1936,1941| 1936 1937-1944 1930-1942 1935-1937 1940-1942 1935-1939 1937-1944 1936 1937-1944 Y 1937-1944 11930, 1940 1937-1944 1930-1944 1939-1941 1935-1944 1937-1944 1937-1942 1935-1942 1937-1944 1937-1944 1937-1940 1937-1939 {hon indicate latest period for which data are given in the table. evision of the abridged International List of Causes of Death. 3 nd paratyphoid fevers, cerebrospinal (meningococcus) meningitis, scarlet fever, whooping cough, diphtheria, tuberculosis, influenza, smallpox, measles, acute poliomyelitis and acute poliocencephalitis, cancer and other malignant tumors, puerperal in- f ction, all puerperal causes, and ill-defined and unknown causes. g ve population only. Additional indices are given for Distrito Federal and SZo Paulo, 1939-1941. solute numbers only; rates available for 1935-1943. Spats ipetuatng 3 Yukon and Northwest Territories. : TABULAR INDEX : Sigs. ad REFERENCE TABLES—Contimed es Li J oz : given Jn row one. Because of space limitations, certain items of the specified data are indicated as "mot available," r “available elsewhere) ! ailable,® but this does not necessarily mean MORTALITY MARRIAGE DIVORCE an By age and sex 2 By 14 2 a y A : Infant 2 i Trend for mortality pila selsche Trend for | Trend for | BAYLC 1937-1944 and | causes Expecta- to 1 yas trend for | Tntoss a] ton | | 1937-1944 | 1987-1944 | 0 COUNTRY Kidd number Average | 19371944 Yer 1944 of (mumber (number | =o 2 x ud ; or) Number Seite (number (number | (number 1ifed and and Con 4 and i er rate) rate) sles / rate) rate) rate) X ; 14 and 15 16 x7 18 and 19 20 ?1 ahd RR R3 24 and ?5 26 and R7 28 TABLE NUMBERS \ 1937-1944 |1940-1944|1940-1942| 1937-1944 |1940,1943|1935-1944|,1930-1932 | 1937-1944 | 1937-1944 }1930-32| Scotland 5 a 1937-1944 |1929-1941|1929-~1931| 1937-1944 |1940,1944|1935-1944 — 1937-1944 — — | Spain 1934-1936 1929-81 1937-1944 (1934-1943 1937-1944 |1940,1942|1935-1944| 1936-1940 | 1937-1944 | 1937-1944 |1934-36| Sweden 2 1939-1941 1939-41 7 1937-1944 |1939-1943|1940-1942| 1937-1944 |1940,1943|1935-1944| 1933-1937 | 1937-1944 | 1937-1944 1920.81 Switzerland rr? os “ IA — a Fe imi a whore —— — — —_— Union of South Africa 5 Hel 1935-1937 1925-27 3 1937-1944 |1935-1942( 7940 1942 | 1957-1944 | 1939 |1935-1944| 1940 1937-1944 | 1937-1944 |1935.37| Europeans 1937-1944 me — 1937-1944 — — 1935-1937 | 1937-1943 | 1937-1940 | -— Non-Europeans . A nN 1929-31] : 1937-1944 |1939-1944)1939-1941| 1937-1944 (1940,1944|1935-1944| 1943 1937-1944 | 1937-1944 | ozo ,7 | United States 1937-1943 —_— — 1937-1942 |1940,1942|1935-1943 — 1937-1942 | 1937-1942 | -— | Uruguay 1937-1944 |1940-1944)1940-1942| 1937-1944 |1940,1944|1935-1944 —_— 1937-1944 | 1937-1944 | —— | Venezuela 1937-1939 — — 1937-1939 E— Ro — 1937-1939 | 1937-1939 |1930-32| Yugoslavia 7For absolute numbers only; rates available for 1937-1943. ®For rates only; absolute numbers available for 1937-1942. ®For absolute numbers only; rates available for 1935-1942. 3 10For rates only; absolute numbers available for 1937 and 1938. » por rates only; absolute numbers not available. 12por absolute numbers only; rates available for 1939 and 1940. 13por absolute numbers of Europeans only; rates not available. 14For city of Lima only. TABLES 67 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS 7’ TABLE 1.—DATES OF POPULATION CENSUSES: 64 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1900-1946 Country and census date Country and census date Country and census date “Argentina: 1914 (June 1) Australia: 1933 (June 30) 11921 (Apr. 4) 1911 (Apr. 3) ©1901 (Mar. 31) Austria: 1939 (May 17) 1934 (Mar. 22) 1923 (Mar. 7) 1920 (Jan. 31) 1910 (Dec. TE 1900 (Dec. £5 Belgium: 1930 (Dec. 1920 (Dec. 1910 (Dec. 1900 (Dec. Bolivia: 1900 (Sept. Brazil: 1940 (Sept. 1920 (Sept. i a 1900 (Dec. TE Bulgaria: 1934 (Dec. 1926 (Dec. 1920 (Dec. 1910 (Dec. 1905 (Dec. 1900 (Dec. Burma: 1941 (Mar. 1931 (Feb. 1921 (Mar. ©1911 (Mar. 1901 (Mar. Canada: 1941 (June 1931 (June © 1921 (June 1911 (June 1901 (Apr. Ceylon: 1921 (Mar. 1.1901 (Mar. ~ Chile: 1940 (Nov. 1930 (Nov. 1920 (Dec. 11907 (Nov. 1931 (Feb. 1911 (Mar. 31) 31) 31) 31) 51) 31) 1) 28) 15) 28) ~ Chosen (Korea): Colombia: 1938 (July 5) 1928 (Nov. 17)2 1918 (Oct. 14) 1912 (Mar. 5) 1905 (June 15) Costa Rica: 1927 (May 11) Cuba 1943 (July 25) 1931 (Sept. 21) 1919 (Sept. 15) 1907 (May 8) France—Continued 1921 (Mar. 6) 1911 (Mar. 5) 1906 (Mar. 4) 1901 (Mar. 24) Germany: 1946 (Oct. 30) 1939 (May 17) 1933 (June 18) 1925 (June 16) 1910 (Dec. 1) 1905 (Dec. 1) 1900 (Dec. 1) Czechoslovakias 1943 (Nov. 1930 (Dec. 8)3 (Bohenia,Moravia) 1) +1940 (Oct. 1) 1985 (Oct. 1) 1930 (Oct. 1) 1925 (Oct. 1) 1920 (Oct. 1) Jpartial or incomplete. 1921 (Feb. 15) Denmark: 1945 (June 15) 1940 (Nov. 5) 1935 (Nov. 5) 1930 (Nov. 5) 1925 (Nov. 5) 1921 (Feb. 1) 1916 (Feb. 1) 1911 (Feb. 1) 1906 (Feb. 1) 1901 (Feb. 1) Dominican Republic: 1935 (May 13) 1920 (Dec. 24) Ecuador: (No national census ever taken) Egypt: 1937 (Mar. 27) 1927 (Feb. 19) 1917 (Mar. 7) 1907 (Apr. 29) El Salvador: 1930 (May 1) 1901 (Mar. 1) England and Wales: 1931 (Apr. 26) 1921 (June 19) 1911 (Apr. 2) 1901 (Apr. 1) Estonia: 1934 (Mar. 1) 1922 (Dec. 28) Finland: 1940 (Dec. 31) 1930 (Dec. 31) 1920 (Dec. 31) 1910 (Dec. 31) 1900 (Dec. 31) France: 1946 (Mar. 10) 1936 (Mar. 8) 1931 (Mar. 8) 1926 (Mar. 7) Greece: 1940 (Oct. 16) 1928 (May 15) 1920 (Dec. 18) 1907 (Oct. 27) Guatemala: 1940 (Apr. 7) 1921 (Aug. 28) Haiti: 1918-1919 (Sept. Honduras: 1945 (June 24) 1940 (June 30) 1935 (June 30) 1930 (June 29) 1926 (Dec. 26) 1916 (Dec. 17) 1910 (Dec. 18) 1905 (Dec. 31) 1901 re Hungary: 1941 (Jan. 31) 1959 (Nov. 18) 1930 (Dec. 31) 1920 (Dec. 31) 1910 (Dec. 31) 1900 “(Dec. 31) Iceland; 1940 (Dec. 2) 1930 (Dec. 1) 1920 (Dec. 1) 1910 (Dec. 1) 1901" (Nov. 1) India (British): 1941 (Mar. 1) 1931 (Feb. 26) 1921 (Mar. 18) 1911 (Mar. 10) 1901 (Mar. 10) Ireland (Eire): 1943 (Dec. 13)3 1941 (Nov. 16)3 1936 (Apr. 26) 1926 (Apr. 18) 1911 (Apr. 2) 1901 (Mar. 3) ! Congress of Colombia refused to accept this census because of incompleteness of data. *Register of population for the purpose of issuing ration books. -Aug.)* (Oct. 10) \ POPUIATION CENSUSES 69 TABLE 1.—DATES OF POPULATION CENSUSES: 64 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1900-~1946—Continued Country and census date Country and census date Country and census date { Italy: 1936 (Apr. 21) 1931 (Apr. 21) 1921 (Dec. 1) 1911 (June 10) 1901 (Feb. 10) Japan (proper): 1946 (Apr. 26) 1945 (Nov. 1) 1944 (Feb. 22) 1940 (Oct. 1) 1935 (Oct. 1) 1925 (Oct. 1) 1920 (Oct. 1) Latvia: 1935 (Feb. 12) 1930 (Feb. 11) 1925 (Feb. 10) 1920 (June 14) Lithuania: 1923 (Sept. 17) Malaya:* 1931 (Apr. 1) 1921 (Apr. 24) 1911 (Mar. 10) 1901 (Mar. 1) Malta and Gozo: 1931 (Apr. 26) 1921 (Apr. 24) 1911 (Apr. 2) 1901 (Mar. 31) Mexico: 1940 (Mar. 6) 1930 (May 15) 1921 (Nov. 30) 1910 (Oct. R7) 1900 (Oct. 28) Netherlands: 1930 (Dec. 31) 1920 (Dec. 31) 1909 (Dec. 31) Netherlands East Indies: 1930 (Oct. 7) 1920 (Nov. -) New Zealand: 1945 (Sept. 25) 1936 (Mar. 24) 1926 (Apr. 20) 1921 (Apr. 17) 1916 (Oct. 15) 1911 (Apr. 2) 1906 (Apr. 29) 1901 (Mar. 31) Nicaragua: 1940 (May 23) 1920 (Jan. 1) 1906 (July 1) Northern Ireland: 1937 (Feb. 28) 1926 (Apr. 18) 1911 (Apr. 2) 1901 (Mar. 31) Norway: tT 1930 (Dec. 1) 1920 (Dec. 1) 1910 (Dec. 1) 1900 (Dec. 3) Palestine: 1931 (Nov. 18) 1922 (Oct. 23) Panama: 1940 (Sept. 8) 1930 (Jan. 1) 1920 (Feb. 1) 1911 (Feb. 11) Paraguay: 1936-1937* Peru: . 1940 (June 9) Poland: 1946 (Feb. 14) 1931 (Dec. 9) 1921 (Sept. 30) Portugal: 1940 (Dec. 12) 1930 (Dec. 1) 1920 (Dec. 1) 1911 (Dec. 1) 1900 (Dec. 1) Rumanias 1941 (Apr. 6) 1930 (Dec. 29) 1912 (Dec. 19) Russia (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics): 1939 (Jan. 17) 1937 (Jan. 6)° 1926 (Dec. 17) 1920 (Aug. 28) Scotland: 1931 (Apr. 26) 1921 (June 19) 1911 (Apr. 2) 1901 (Mar. 31) Spain: 1940 (Dec. 31) 1950 (Dec. 31) 1920 (Dec. 31) 1910 (Dec. 31) 1900 (Dec. 31) Sweden: 1945 (Dec. 31) 1940 (Dec. 31) 1935 (Dec. 31) 1930 (Dec. 31) 1920 (Dec. 31) 1910 (Dec. 31) 1900 (Dec. 31) Switzerland: 1941 (Dec. 1) 1930 (Dec. 1) 1920 (Dec. 1) 1910 (Dec. 1) 1900 (Dec. 1) Union of South Africa: . 1946 (May 7) 1941 (May 6)° 1936 (May 5) 1931 (May 5)° 1926 (May 4)° 1921 (May 3) United States: 1940 (Apr. 1) 1930 (Apr. 1) Uruguay: 1908 (Oct. 12) 1900 (Mar. 1) Venezuela: 1941 (Dec. 7) 1936 (Dec. 26) 1926 (Jan. 31-Feb. 3) 1920 (Jan. 1) Yugoslavia: 1931 (Mar. 31) 1921 (Jan. 31) 1910 (Dec. 31) 1905 (Dec. 31) 1900 (Dec. 31) partial or incomplete. “Includes Straits Settlements, Federated Malay States, and Unfederated Malay States. 8The census of 1937 was stated officially to be unscientific and inaccurate. and a new census ordered. ®Buropean population only. Notice of census taken on December 3, 1946 was received too late for inclusion. } The schedules were destroyed Note.—At least 4 countries other than Ireland and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia reported quasi censuses based on tabulations of civilian registration cards. The United Kingdom carried out such a registration on Sept. 29, 1939 and Australia in June 1943. Source: Compiled from official yearbooks and census reports for each country and from selected secondary sources. See complete bibliography on p. 238. INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS BT Ter Ro 74 Sy + ¥ TABLE R.—POPULATION, AREA, AND POPULATION (Estimatad population 1s indi- Area in square kilometers Country Type and date Population Total Land Water AFRICA BIVDE sue sevnisisossosarnsnssonvasossneninseseese| Le July 1, 1044 %17,629,800 | 21,000,254 1992,872 29,582 Union of South Africa..sesssessessssvsecveeesss] B. June 30, 1944 11,068,000 | 1,223,906 — — AMERICA CATZONtiNAss essa srvesssasvsasessnevariarsserevet BE. Dac. 51, 1944 #14,130,871 | 2,794,015 — — ¥ Argentina (ex. territories)...eeecesecesesees|E. Dec. 31, 1944 #13,385,509 | 1,584,196 _— ——— BOLIVIA... olicncn rs vnincnsimrsnssannngrsensers ssl: Bs Sepbe 1, 1944 5,658,200 | 1,077,544 me — Brazile vere csisnis vishiss sieavuniiing sae wsse sins uvesvey ile; Jan, Ly 1945 45,300,000 | 8,511,189 | 8,498,079 313,110 BBHRAB ode ssn sense rivin irs rnnnosnevirnsnsrannenssl Be dine 1, 1944 11,975,000 | 9,570,549 || 8,979,233 4591,316 Canada (ex.Yukon and Northwest Territories)..|E. June 1, 1944 11,958,000 | 5,642,142 5,188,601 45,5 541 Chieu ss cn viasinanicssvsnsvosin sUssie vase neveturens] Be Dec. 51, 1044 5,315,000 741,767 —— rt BB COLoMbLE. clase i's sienivn vin sinnnsses eves veers se Be DBC. 51, 0044 9,963,660 | 1,139,155 — He Colombia (ex. CTT trices rvs s xan cessenss .| E. Dec. 31, 1944 9,667,960 462,600 —_— —_— COSTA RICE. oles snail ins sun's mses iatosinnes sissies .. BE. Dec. 31, 1944 725,149 49,827 fo —L- CADE» sen ovis ss va sonics vessiovnsssovesensernsues] Cpt July 25, 1045 4,778,583 114,524 — — Dominican RepubliCeesseccescecscsscccssnnsneas BE. June 30, 1944 1,969,773 50,070 49,870 8200 AECTIATOT Je aviaie biv.0:0 50 0 i8inis sin v.00 sien vain is suv sionmy so) Ba JAN Ly 1045 5,241,275 300,000 = Fer KEEL S2lvadors eesicssscesnnneesns asses ans ssh) Be Doc. 31,7 1044 1,934,925 34,126 33,967 8159 HOB Lemallesss veer orvenes ser ainnnnvevosnenrsissase] De Doc. Bl, 1945 3,450,732 108,889 _— — Halt ese cove sisoivaisinmnsseviievesrosdusivinienresss] Be 1944 3,000,000 27,750 27,543 6207 HONQUPAS ceiessesnniiessonnnessautsoevsessaseniish «| C. June 24, 1945 1,201,310 153,228 _— —— MEXICO nin sin eniesssnnssnnsntonesvnnessenivenessop Be June 50, 1944 21,674,111 | 1,963,890 — =r BN CATANIA. ass ar’s vas ners sats suisse snessinsinns evve| E. Dec. 31, 1944 1,070,475 148,000 139,000 79,000 PANT os ws snvares ss sernvnenbdnaininveneesenesns E. July 1, 1944 668,083 74,010 — — Paraguay.eceeescsesscosecsesssssscnnnne essseses] Eo Doc. 31, 1943 1,108,040 389,834 — PET, veieissinisicn sn s tienes ssansssncs assess renee ss] Be Doc. 51, 1944 7,587,701 | 1,249,049 | 1,244,609 84s 240 United States (continental). ..cesesivecesisvecss o| E. Midyear, 1944 °139,) 083, 449 | 7,827,990] 7,710,769 10177, 221 ULES es vesvoss cn ssiossnavesennsesssinveesesssss Ls Doc. 51, 1944 2, 250, 000 | 1,869,926 Son Venegelae cise seis sinss rina sinnsive tons oritaresss J Eo July 1, 1944 4,103,025 912,050 897,386 114 664 : ASIA J PIB es isniss esis ravnssvnin rans srsnssenenesne) Go Mar. 5, 1941 16,823,798 604,745 — rt Gey AON we radsensaivnn innrusinrnmnsasees vase ener Bei July 1, 1944 6,276,000 65,610 _— —t Chosen (Koren), es .aversssorss veranaesnssesveses) Os Och. 1,7 1940 24,326,327 220,794 — — India (British) sues sess ssrvoses snennnvesvsnes O. Mar. 1, 1041 295,808,722 | 2,234,341 — —— BPA (PPODET ovis v's vss sae vss sas ssisnsnsesnesioses| Os Och, 1,"1940 73,114,308 38%,545 —— -— MElaYB ets s snc ssisensinesinniessiveeonsasonssiss vases] Bs June 30, 1941 5,560,000 137,903 _— — ‘Straits Settlements...... con'sneliaininn’e's bv sie imal Be Jule 50, 194), 1,436,000 5,515 cele _— Federated Malay States...eceeessaess sssescees| Es June 30, 1941 2,212,000 71,329 —_— _— Unfederated Malay States.....eeeeeecececs.cs «| E. June 30, 1941 1,912,000 63,059 — —— Netherlands East Indies....... su wevveiviees sees] Bei Doty Sly 1042 #72,000,000 | 1,904,346 — — PRlBELine, ui sk rss sions rensivstneonnees dine «+. E. Mean, 1944 1,712,059 27,009 26,305 10704 i EUROPE BUST aeons seins snic nine cinsessseedees nivale neee C. May 17, 1939 6,650,306 83,868 — ere BeLIium a's dedeisn viva sbonsssvinisis Nrielene sine vy E. Dec. 31, 1944 8,334,276 30,506 — Fe Bulgariall, oe eh die ane ne be ssi eee E. Midyear, 1944 8,556,000 110,842 97,864 12,978 Crechoslovakia ee hivsivisn rr ens vers nann sy senses E. Mean, 1937 15,239,000 140,493 — iis Bohemia and MOTAVIS.....ceseesrsnssnsseaes . |C. Nov. 8, 1943 137,220,921 48,915 — ay Denmark (ex. Faroe Islands).ceeeeseseeceseess C. June 15, 1945 4,045,232 42,931 42,319 612 England ond Wales. i..eeeeesssnssrsesnnsmensnses E. Midyear, 1944 #42,449,000 151,112 —_ — Estonia (see also Estonian S.S.R. 3 esssss |E. Midyear, 1939 41,131,500 47,549 45,352 2,197 Finland. concn ni fee a ae et dred E. Mean, 1944 o 3,941,940 337,113 305,543 431,570 France. ceceseessctcatesrecsececesarsnnnennnas C. March 10, 1946 40,830,028 550,986 —— er Beran dS ot sea ie a i da se eee E. 1944 #70, 500,000 470,545 or = BRBBCE air ree isis sioinfeisivts ova lula biyinin thin b nn ninis C. Oct. 16, 1940 7,336,000 129,880 127,780 18p 100 HONEETYET es dies ives cision onde vid ann siainnsnis viishne E. Midyear, 1944 9,494,000 93,073 92,146 927 Toelands vo civeisss ve ssive ss ss «iri lew ve wiviate sia iee E. Dec. 31, 1944 126,868 102,846 — — Ereland (BITe)....cssrosicssessusursnnovanns C. Dec. 13, 1943 2,949,713 70,287 68,898 187,389 BEL ever or vernnnale sis nnvaneanubonssainnese E. July 1, 1944 146,148, 731 310,190 i 55 §1atvia (see also Latvian 8.5.R.)veriesscsrnss E. Dec. 31, 1939 1 951,000 65,791 64,710 1,081 Lithuania?®(see also Lithuanian S.S.R.)...... E. Dec. 31, 1938 2,575 1565 55,670 54,780 890 Malbatand 0020... vevesove svi rsvmensnesaisinnsnns E. Dec. 31, 1943 872,121 316 —_— —— Be NSLRETIATIAS. vas siniviov v's nsie niaisniniaininn esnvinne E. June 1, 1944 %9,166,199 40,829 32,850 7,979 Northern Ireland...... LE TL E. Mean, 1944 eo 314,000 14,115 13,567 548 NOrWay. eee. es relia sien vii wile bine sie hie ale ye he E. Dec. 31, 1944 %3, 040, 000 322,599 308,512 14,087 Tn Area in square miles 3 Population deusity— | i TA fray ; ‘Total Land ' Per total square kilometers Per total square miles Country 1386, 472, 1,078, 611, 416, 3,286, 5,695, 2,178, 286, 439) 178, 19, 44, 19, 115, 13, 42, 10, 59, 758, 57, 28, 150, 482, 3,022, 72, 352, 233, 25, 85, 862, 147, 53, 1, 27, ’4, 735, 10, 32, 11; 42, 54, 18, 16, 58, 18, 130, 212, 181, 50, 35, 39, Lo7, 119, 25, Cars 15, 5, 124, 198 550 769 658 040 170 189 431 396 828 610 R38 R18 332 830 176 042 714 161 R58 143 575 515 R58 387 372 143 492 332 R49 679 701 R44 357 540 347 268 428 381 778 796 R44 3886 576 343 359 159 736 677 147 935 709 137 764 402 494 128 764 450 555 383,348 3,281,108 3,466,882 2,003,319 19,255 13,115 10,634 53,668 480,544 2,977,128 346,481 37, 16,340 17,511 117,970 49,336 35,577 26,601 24,985 21,151 12,685 5,258 119,116 35,062 4228,307 %175,112 1417.6 9.0 &a& ee See ee . ORO HLS HD PONONDONIHIOHOOCOHP COI TB . . . [= oe NOH DONO DI 1d 0 0320 H OB — . ois =e . R7.8 95.7 1110.2 132.4 191.1 40.3 408.5 31.0 30.3 37.8 63.4 79.3 273.2 59.1 108.5 14147.6 94.2 #280.9 3.8 | 11.7 74.1 ¥149.8 56.5 102. ¥.2 42.0 ¥148.8 29.7 46.3 4561.1 #224.5 292.3 #9.4 1%45.6 23.4 .#13.1 #21.9 = . “so. oasis 0 nok IRB ew < SRYo undo ® AFRICA Egypt Union of South Africa AMERICA Argentina . vr ; Argentina (ex. territories) = Bolivia ek Brazil ; : Canada MN oi Canada (ex. Yukon and Northwest Territor: Chile 3 Colombia Colombia (ex. territories) Costa Rica Si Cuba ¥ Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Haiti y Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama ¥ Paraguay Peru United States (continental) Uruguay ; Venezuela Burma Ceylon Chosen (Korea) India (British) Japan (proper) Malaya Straits Settlements Federated Malay States Unfederated Malay States Netherlands East Indies Palestine EUROPE Austria Belgium Bulgaria'? Czechoslovakia Bohemia and Moravia Denmark (ex. Faroe Islands) England and Wales dR Estonia (see also Estonian S.S.R.) Finland \ 3 France Germany*S" Greece Hungary” Iceland Ireland (Eire) Italy Bs Latvia (see also Latvian S.S.R.) Lithuanial®(see also Lithuanian S.S.R. Malta and Gozo Pred Netherlands Northern Ireland Norway is 500.5 per square kilometer or 1: 96.3 per 2Includes Nile River, marshes, and lakes. 3Area of lakes in Rio Grande do Sul. “Excludes salt water areas. _ ®Area of Lake Enriquillo. ®Area of principal lakes. ‘Area of Lakes Managua and Nicaragua. ®Area of Peruvian part of Lake Titicaca. °De jure (legal or resident) population. 104rea of permanent inland waters. 1lprea of Lakes Maracaibo and Valencia. 13pe facto (ioccnt, in area) civilian population. —~ square nile. ~ Territory of 1939, defined by Treaty of Neuilly, signed, Nov. 27, 1919. 7 ee SE # ® na Tp Ji ’ #, : J va) . #1 72 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 2.—POPULATION, AREA, AND POPULATION DENSITY: (Estimated population is indi- Arca in square kilometers Country Type and date Population Total Land Water . EUROPE—Contimed Polandesesseesssnssssssssssssnesssnsseesenssesse Eo Dac. 31, 1938 34,849,000 391,101 389,720 1,381 Portugal (inc. Azores and Madeira Islands) ....|E. Midyear, 1944 215043, 315 91,721 -— = Rumani@eeeesese. nieieleieie vie wie. wives ore esssssssvsessl BE. Midyear, 1939 19, 933,80 295,049 290,064 4,985 Sc0tland.eesvesecsesssessssecessncnsncannnnsass| Eo Midyear, 1944 5,189,000 78,749 77,172 1,577 Spain (inc. Balearic and Canary Islands)...... | E. Dec. 31, 1944 2326,866,012 504,326 —— CTBT I sine a sn vss bas simian ou seninine sainie Snes senel Be Moan, 1944 6,560,088 449,092 410,349 38, 743 Switzerland.....:«.. vals rus visa sma dsenve we van el Ba Moan, 11944 4,361,500 41,295 39,179 ae 2, 116 COS EVER. So ues = ssinnns nine sins inns sons sss val Bei Jane 50, 1940 15,811,000 247,542 2. EJROPE-ASTA Russia (Union of Soviet Socialist Rendon C. Jan. 17, 1939 22170,467,186R221.,175,200 = Z== Armenian S.8 Revs tssesrssssrrssssarenseonves) Co dan, ‘17, 1939 1,281,599 30,948 —_— — Azerbaijan SeS«Rec.ococioncen.n eseseeveserens C. Jan. 17, 1939 3,R09,77 86,000 — —_— Estonian S.SeRecececgecscececsescsccssesacess Es 1940 1,120,000 47,549 —_— —_— Georgian S.BuHe. cases eesss. Se svsiwels vane nn vorngi Ce Jolly | 17,1089 3,542,289 69,900 —— iE Karelo—Finnish S.SeReesecacteascerae. eeecsses Be 1939 469,145 196,000 ——— ns Kaz8MNIS. BR o = veesnss vans pes reve ssite revere. Jan. 1741850 6,145,937 2,714,500 — mid Eri iS eS Bae sias vs vsins Sirus nvsiununanntaonse «|G. Jan. 17,1939 1,459,301 196,700 — 2H Iatvian S.SeRececcocennans sersssissessrense eo] BE. June 30, 1940 1,891,000 65,773 51,945 13,828 Lithuanian Se.S«Recccccscsecnes Sansone evansss .| EB. Jan. 1, 1940 2,879,070 59,464 —_— — Moldavian S.S.Reeesesacscnssaas sesssssreveess| E. Aug. 1640 ?,R00,000 34,000 —-— Ri Russian Soviet Federated S.Re....e..ce.e00eee| Co Jan. 17, 1939 109,R78,614| 16,510,300 — — TadZhil i0eS. Ress roieiss aint sve daleis asian ais sie] Co Jan. 117, -1939 1,485,091 143,900 — p= Turkmen SeSeReeceeesss. seessesssesescanas ss) C.dan. 17, 1939 1,253,985 444,000 ——— —_ UKrainiani SeSeRec ees ciossesseccsevsnsnsrssssviel Co Jan. 17, 1939 30,960,221 445,000 —- — 2belt 8.3. Reivsnwsrinesnssnignnssorsnviess wees Ou idan. 17,°19%59 6,232,446 172,000 hl er White Russian {Evslorussion) S.S. -R. treessaaas C. dan. 17, 1939 5,567,976 126,790 — -: Other Asiatic territory.seceececcecececeeeees Ee (23) 13,871,544] 10,972,952 —— ns OCEANIA SET a Ia. de ssnisanronnsns aie siviels's win 4 saluibi uns wissen] Boe MoBTY, 1044 %7,306,636| 7,704,172 rt Blew Zell anid sess ssrsssinin samen avninsensseseitn ne C. Sept. 25, 1945 1,702,298 269,192 266,410 2,7 L #Provisional. 4 only 35,224 square kilometers or 13,600 square miles are settled and under cultivation. Density in settled area le EE RE Te ER RE AT I 0h a Iman aL Sh Rp by Tas aA Erde Sai 4 5 ; ? : as To ; > ey POPULATION 64 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, SELECTED YiARS—Continued J a cated by E; enumerated by C) 5 4 Area in square miles Population density— Noe Per total -Per total Country Total Land Water square square : kilometers miles ied 9 EUROPE—Continued r= 4 151,004 150,471 533 89.1 230.8 | Poland : A 35,413 ee —— 87.7 RR7.1| Portugal (inc. Azores and Madeira Islands) a 113,918 111,994 61,924 67.5 175.0 | Rumania Sad 30,405 R9,796 609 65.9 170.7 | Scotland iN 194,720 —_— -— 55.5 138.0 | Spain (inc. Balearic and Canary Islands) 173,394 158,436 14,958 #14.6 %#37.8 | Sweden 15,944 15,127 19817 105,86 R73.6 | Switzerland a 95,576 z= ee 63.9 165.4 | Yugoslavia J EUROPZ-ASTA 228,176,000 — — i 2220.8 | Russia (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) ’ 11,949 —— a 41.4 107.3 Armenian S.S.R. 2 33,205 —-— —_— 37.3 96,7 Azerbaijan S.S.R. 4 18,359 —-— nn R3.6 61.0 Estonian S.S.R. 4 R6,988 —— ——— 50.7 131.3 Georgian S.S.R. g 75,676 = —— R.4 6.2 Karelo-I'innish S.S.R. : 1,048,068 — —— R.3 5.9 Kazakh S.S.R. ; 75,946 —— —_— 7.4 19.2 Kirghiz S.S.R. 25,395 20,056 5,330 R8.8 74.5 Latvian S8.S.R. 22,959 — —_— 438.4 125.4 Lithuanian S.S.R. 13,127 ge —— —_— 64.7 167.6 Moldavian S.S.R. 6,374,627 —-_— — 6.6 17.1 Russian Soviet Federated S.R. 55,560 —_— _— 10.3 R6.7 Tadzhik S.S.R. 171,423 a ——= 2.8 743 Turkmen S.S.R. Sy 171,815 —— — 69.6 180.2 Ukrainian S.S.R. “ Si 66,409 es —— 36.5 94.6 Uzbek S.S.R. 3 48,954 fe ——— 43.9 113.7 White Russian (Byelorussian) S.S.R. 4,236,657 — -— 1.5 3.3 Other Asiatic territory OCEANIA R974,581 —-— —— #0.9 #2.5 | Australia 103,935 102,861 1,074 8.3 16.4 | New Zealand 1%Based on civilian population. 18Data are for the Altreich, 1. e., territory of 1937, including the Saar. 1€Includes lakes and marshes. : 17Territory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 18area of larger lakes, rivers, and tideways. Territory of 1938, i. e., including Klaipeda (Memel) and excluding Vilnius. 20civilian population. 3 2lDe facto (present in area) population. : 2X 22Data for area as of 1938. : : 23Combination of 1931 estimates and 1939 enumerations. Hv Source: Compiled from official yearbooks and census reports for each country, and from selected secondary sources. ¢ See complete bibliography on p. 238. Density computed. A { $ i Wor Sl & : 2 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS i rg ; TABLE 5.—POPULATION: 64 A : i . (Except for the United States, enumerated population is given when avail- Country Date 1937 1938 1939 1940 : AFRICA EE UBb, eens sian es enemas se ated July 1 115,932,694 16,253,000 16,515,000 16,773,300 nion of South Africa (Buropeans)...... ves Midyear 2,043,700 2,081,400 2,116,500 2,152,700 nion of South Africa (non-Buropeans)....... Midyear 7,755,500 7,898,500 8,043,500 8,188,500 AMERICA } Argentina........ niet ietaalaac + ais #016 2 0ioris 4 ki le Dec. 31 12,761,509 12,956,602 13,132,279 13,320,641 Argentina (ex. territories) ARG E PE Hh Dec. 31 12,110,855 12,292,633 12,456,609 12,652,125 ( a8 sale stains ns ncsivis eins alvin Sept. 1 3,237,200 3,294,300 3,352,300 5 411,400 Dec. 31 39,000,000 39,900,000 40,800,000] 1% 4) 565,085 July 1 5,279,124 5,401,269 5,513,656 5,627,606 June 1 11,029,000 11,136,000 11,250,000 11,364,000 June 1 16,000 16,000 17,000 17,000 Dec. 31 4,597,254 4,634,839 4,677,089 15,023,539 Siskin oie os alate fain stale Ss penis ruin udvien sl Dona BL = 1g) 701,816 8,973,310 9,161,380 #8iColombia)- (ex. territories)....vsvivenvevss | Dec. 31 — 18,407,956 8,679,080 8,866,860 Costa Ricasesesssssnrress SA Ee Dec. 31 606,581 623,414 639,197 656,129 Cuba.ueennrnnsnn. eels sade nti wa le ae ¥ Dec. 31 4,083,652 4,140,212 4,164,431 4,199,952 Dominican Republic. . Ss vy ee es al wee July 1 1,585,785 1,637,319 1,689,960 1,743,709 Ecuadorve...,»- ; Dec. 31 2,806,379 2,864,575 2,923,182 2,978,882 0 ‘El Salvador. Dec. 31 1,665,350 1,704,497 1,744,535 1,787,930 Dec. 31 3,001,715 3,044,490 3,082,997 13, 283, 209 - 2 863,000 32,663,000 32,666,300 3,000,000 June 30 a, 020,344 1,049,515 1,078,687 1) 107,859 June 30 13,735,785 19,071,822 19,413,095 “10,653, 552 : 9 Dec. 31 934,639 955,359 975,326 983,160 Panama (ex. tribal Indians). .e.cev.. cosas Midyear 522,673 536,195 549,715 1566, 589 nn i DPT OE DNS Tp Dec. 31 936,126 954,848 987,824 1,014,773 ; Paraguay (25 Pi odemographie Arstriete®) Dec. 31 — 340,010 368,714 395,998 POT ss sie a i ee we mae dain wise ne July 1 6,345,038 6,454,74R 6,567,223 75,673,111 Joga Bie feisty babi date we July 1 128,824,829) 129,824,939 130,879,718 8131,970,224 a el NEN re June 30 2,079,650 2,107,980 2,134,587 2,155,046 I band HE TE LI Sea July 1 5,380,814] - 3,431,445 3,512,059 3,708,742 |. Midyear te 15,950,000 16,600,000 meme July 1 5,712,000 5,810,000 5,897,000 5,951,000 ACNOSEN (HOTTER) ss cvs vss avvisesans oleate Dec. 31 22,355,485 22,633,751 22,800,647 124,326,327 India®? British). i. hades sven sniniis Midyear 12979 406, 436 275,540,813 278,308,896 Jzpen (proper)..... els asain SAT Oct. 1 7%, 252, 800 72,222,700 72,875,800 193,114,308 Malaya... v.vevss Dida iis he a are wr ees whe June 30 4,954,029 5,308,147 5,333,000 5,444,000 Straits Settlements ce. sss s vss siinrsnin vas June 30 1,248,118 1,343,405 . 1,373,000 1,406,000 ‘Federated Malay States....eeeesseesdanress June 30 1,961,397 2,089,835 2,185,000 2,169,000 ~ Unfederated Malay States...ceeeeeeeerioees June 30 1,724,514 1,874,907 1,835,000 1,869,000 { | Netherlands Bast INdieS......seeeseesvaeeens Dec. 31 #67,400,000| %68,400,000 #69,435,000 #70,476,000 BE Java and Madura. ..v.svssvsovasnsssnssnses Dec. 31 : ren i #47,700,000 48,416,000 1 Outer provinces........cevvs-- eons Dec. 31 oak SN #21, 735,000 %22,060,000 RE PIlESLINe SE. , , s in nivssssnr is innsrnseimnrnes Mean .1,384,630 1,418,192 1,471,312 1,527,476 LAA EUROPE Bastria. es. er. runes aah vier asain Sevoriina June 30 6,755,337 6,760,000 16,650,306 #6, 700,000 BELT UNI. sales s sssvssvin sinnie ns suis unin bun sana Dec. 31 8,361,220 8,386,553 8,396,276 16g,294,674 Bulgariat?,. eisai rans ne Midyear 6,207,300 6,252,600 6,290,200 6,332,400 Czechoslovakia: t KE Bohemia and Moravia*®...... ice vusevssires Midyear 7,106,754 7,290,448 7,498,270 7,530,085’ Denmark (ex. Faroe Islands). ah sae eee July 1 3,749,000 3,777,000 3,805,000 13,844,312 SE Enaland ard Wale. es «x yssessTessasssssases Midyear 41,031,000 41,215,000 41,460,000 41,862,000 Estonia. ... Midyear 1,130,652 1,132,539 1,131,500 , 1,120,000 Finland®....... Mean 3,825,763 3,854,804 3,882,441 13,887,217 'rance?!. . June 30 41,930,000 41,960,000 41,980,000 2359, 000,000 [ ; . ... | Midyear 67,831,000 68,424,800 159,516,526] 22 70, 100,000 Greece... ..4v. Dec. 31 7,102,989 7,108,814 7,199,000 1, 336, 000 i Bugergee ida ef is worn e ae wn a ddr heey Midyear 9,014,684 9,080, 283 9,105,703 9,140, 000 ~ Iceland.... Dec. 31 117,692 118,888 120,264 120,725 Ireland (Eire) i a ee Sl rae ae Midyear 2,944,000 2,937,000 2,934,000 2,958,000 aly dL nes sin se ae Sears Midyear 43,402,265 43,778,534 44,222,514 44,666,833 BABA... June 30 1,967,877 1,976,000 1,973,000 1,891,000 ) i Euan aBliee sete. vs ssconunnipiinsiive ss vibes Dec. 31 2,549,668 2,575,363 ep ato Tn | 12 30p” 927, 000 Malta and Gozo’ sWerisivie suns diesen he dhe Dec. 51 264,663 268,668 270,000 ~ Netherlands......... ash vein inin od goes ar rate Mean 8,598,258 8,684,082 8,781,273 8,878, 611 ke footnotes on p. 78. : PN Save Type at EY (de facto or de jure ) specified When known) 1941 Sr oe J 1948 ; 1944 Cie hambpgi b 3 / ; E AFRICA ! AA 17,050,100 17,226,700 17,423,000 ~ #17,629,800 | Egypt vy RL iz J192, 181 ‘2,230,000 2,265,000 2,300,000 | Union of South Africa (Europeans) v 8,333,500 8,478,500 8,624,000 8,768,000 | Union of South Africa (non-Buropeans) AMERICA Foo r 13,517,135 13,708,386 13,909,950 #14,130,871 | Argentina Y 12,814,901 12,992,812 13,180,223 #13,385,509 | Argentina (ex. territories) & 3,471,500 3,532,700 3,594,900 3,658,200 | Bolivia ; 42,600,000 43,500,000 44,400,000 45,300,000 | Brazil : 5 734,810 #5,842,014 #5,949,218 #6,056,422 | Brazil (Rl cities®) rh 13, 489, 713 y 11,637,000 11,795,000 11,958,000 | Canada (ex. Yukon and Northwest Territ ] "116, 942 17,000 17,000 17,000 Yukon and Northwest Territories Sr 5, 094, 495 5,164,984 5,237,432 5,315,000 | Chile : Ye 9,551,290 : 9,602,720 9,807,432 9,963,660 | Colombia ol 9,056,470 9,307,620 9,484,710 9,667,960 Colombia (ex. territories) 672,043 687,354 > 706, 596 725,149 | Costa Rica jE 4,231,811 4,278,890 14,778,583 ——— | Cuba 1,798,563 1,854,526 1,911,595 1,969,773 | Dominican Republic i 3,034,285 3,089,078 5,171,255 3,241,275 | Ecuador Soe 1,829,816 1,862,980 1,896,168 1,934,925 | EL Salvador Nt 3,367,671 3,410,762 3,450,732 —-— | Guatemala 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 | Haiti 1,131,676 1,154,388 1,175,082 1,195,685 | Honduras 20,208,163 20,656,807 21,164,788 21,674,111 | Mexico 1,013,946 1,030,700 , 1,048,642 1,070,475 | Nicaragua E 578,126 589,663 601,200 612,096 | Panama (ex. tribal Indians) 1,040,420 1,071,689 1,108,040 ——— | Paraguay 406,166 418,444 — —_— Paraguay (25 biodemographic atstriots®) - 6,800,628 6,921,683 7,045,687 7,172,684 | Peru® ry; 8135,202,875 8134,664,924 8136, 497,049 8138,083,449 | United States herd 3 J% 174, 586 2,194,281 oz, 234,500 92,250,000 | Uruguay : oe 13,849,919 3,905,045 4,003,707 4,101,910 | Venezuela® 3 ASTA NR 116,823,798 ee me —— | Burma (Re 6,020,000 6,021,000 © 6,134,000 6,276,000 | Ceylon : A \ —_— —_— —— | Chosen (Korea) Geshe 1295, 268, 056 296,906,000 | rez —— | Tndia** (British) EY 1375) 939, 1600 123 475,900,000 | 3 %76,000,000 |! *2 %77,000,000 | Japan (proper) hl v5, 560, 000 —— ments —-— | Malaya 1,436,000 — —-— — Straits Settlements : AN 2,812,000 — ——- —— Federated Malay States x 1,912,000 — pores ; — Unfederated Malay States MERA *71,534,000 *72,000,000 —_— —— | Netherlands East Indies Aga “ #49,144,000 ne — — Java and Madura fi nae el #22,390,000 —— -— ] -——| -Outer provinces Ee 1,566,806 1,605,152 1,649,386 1,712,059 | Palsstine** } ’ \ EUROPE ? 15 7,080,000 15 %7,110,000 15 %7,100,000 18 %7,110,000 | Austria : 16g, 257,392 28g 55,527 16g 246.862 a9 8, 251,576 | Belgium frog Who 6,378,400 6,440,000 \ 5, 500,000 . 6,556,000 | Bulgaria? ! Si oxo ( Czechoslovakia: Fe 7,501,179 7,392,301 7,302,346 |. 7,327,004 Bohemia and Moravia® Binge eh ol 3,863,000 3,903,000 3,949,000 3,998,000 | Denmark (ex. Faroe Intends), 1941,748,000 22 41,897,000 as 42,145,000 19 #42,449,000 | England and Wales 1,019,000 (22) Estonia 225, 895,705 223 907,098 223 923,001 223 941,940 | Finland? : 2357, 800, ,000 2337, 700,000 2437) 100,000 2456, 800,000 | France?! 3s *70, 400,000 14 70,800,000 14 %70,400,000 14 70,500,000 | Germany?® —_— —_— ——— | Greece 1g, 319, 992 9,384,000 '°9,467,389 99,494,000 | Hungary?® 7 122,385 123,979 125,915 126,868 | Iceland Sr 5 iz, 992, 034 2,963,000 12,949,713 2,944,000 | Ireland (Eire) 3 ; 45,054,883 a5, 414,491 #45,780,168 #46,148,731 | Italy®* SE : 1,795,000 (2) 2% (29) Latvia ; (20. (2%) {22) Jr ae ey Lithuania?” yp 1 271,359 269,090 272,121 -—- | Malta and Gozo®* By 8,965,434 39,041,986 29 49,095,526 | 3% %9,166,199 | Netherlands 746604 O - 47 - 6 Mean: 1 ©; 'M,p79,7450" . *®1,006,000| . 221,008, 000 291,296,000 | Mean #2,899, 600 %2,915,718| 2, 929,384] #2,945,219 Dec. 31 34,534,000 34,849,000 i SERS Midyear 7, 415,927 7,505,554 7,505,0m) © Y7,788 asp oiniles Midyear 19,535,398 19,750,004 19,933,802] 3515,492,983 Midyear 4,976,600 © 4,993,100 5,006, 700 5 1045,000 Dec. 31 25,220,252 25,492,659] 25,774,342 1g5, 877,971 ‘Mean 6,275,805 6,297,468 6,325,759 16,371,432 Mean 4,179,800 4,191,800 4,205,600 4, 226, 400 June 30 15,172,000 15,384,000 15,596,000] 15,811,000 Dec. 31 166,859,000 #¢170,315,000|1 37170,467,186| 2®x¥193,198,171 aa Jan. 17 = ; 1,281,599] —-— Jan. 17 - 3,209,727 oo? Ay (2°) (2%) 20 - Jan. 17:1 — ., 3,542,289 3 | ST {2% (22) =) (32) Jan. 17 : 6,145,937 eT Jan. 17 v 1,459,301 : 20 20 (20 (29 20 (20 : 20 20 (29) «f 40) ! 43109,278,614 1,485,001 1,253,985 S 30,960,221 on tS we frre wm ture «5s Rh 3 + | 6,2 Russia: (Byelaranviend 3.78. = Finn : 5,567,976 LC territory. ciieriaciiieinenn L — OCEANTA (ex. aboriginals)......... seein .. 6,833,375 6,894,847 86,961,846 ©7,052,3861 (ex, MAOTLa) rs ore rivivnneamunsinsiit 1,504,826 1,519,606 1,539,420 451546, 312. 85,146 87,157 89,092 90,993 POPULATION SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1937-1944—Continued able. Type of population (de facto or de jure) specified when known) 77 1941 1942 1943 1944 Country 141,288,000 #2,959, 961 33 34,700,000 7,774,434 135 413,493,000 5,129,000 26,121,534 6,388,953 14,265,703 #+%196,214,000 87,102,053 45) ,558,620 92,528 141,296,000 #2,977,400 33 4,730,000 7,864,061 366,843,539 5,144,000 26,367,390 6,432,337 4,283,300 44194,144,000 87,170,863 aey S545,112 94,460 141,304,000 #3,001,400 33 34,750,000 7,953,688 3616,929,535 5,157,000 26,615,560 6,490,514 4,320,800 46¢193,047,000 8 7,229,864 45] 538,651 96,984 141,314,000 ° 3,040,000 3% 44,620,000 8,043,315 5,189,000 26,866,012 %6,560,088 4,361,500 #3192, 533,000 8 %7,306,636 £5, 588,312 99,482 EUROPE—Continued Northern Ireland Norway?* Poland Portugal®# (inc.Azores and Madeira Islsnds) Rumania Scotland Spain®* (inc. Balearic and Canary Islands) Sweden Switzerland Yugoslavia 421 EUROPE-ASIA Russia (Unionof Soviet Socialist Republics) Armenian S. S. R. Azerbaijan S. S. R. Estonian S. S. R.29 Georgian S. S. R. Karelo-Finnish S. S. R.2° Kazakh S. S. R. Kirghiz S. S. R. latvian S. 8. R.2° Litlmanizath S. S. R.2° Moldavian S. S. R.%° Russian Soviet Federated S. R.%? Tadzhik S. S. R. Turkmen S. S. R. Ukrainian S. S. R.%** Uzbek S. S. R. White Russian (Byelorussian) S. S. R. Other Asiatic territory OCEANIA Australia (ex. aboriginals) New Zealand (ex. Maoris) New Zealand (Maoris) ~ ‘Enumerated population. Abrovisionsls INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS #%Unofficial provisional estimate. Footnotes for table 3 Dates of censuses are: Austria....... May 17, 1939 India. vee eesolarvivvs soar. 1, 1941 Brazil........ Sept. 1, 1940 Ireland.....<.+s+s+.++ Nov, 16, i Reg. of pop. Burma......... Mar. 5, 1941 Ireland.....vvss+s..0 Dec, 15, 19045 Canadae.es.... June 2, 1941 JBDAN ose sav oan n vs van OCH. 1,1: 1940 Chosen........ Oct. 1, 1940 MEXICO. asin tnweivnsicvss Mar. 6," 1940 Chile......s+.+ Nov. 28,1940 Nicaraguaeseeeeoe..... May R3, 1940 Colombia..esee Cuba. eis visio sine July 5, 1938 July 25, 1943 N. Irelande.eee... Panamaie eee ss vn cess Feb. 28, 1937 Sept. 8, 1940 } 3p clues Burma which was separated from India, Apr. 1, 1937. 13 Denmarke....... Nov. 5, 1940 POrteics vie sitie vice swine vie JUNE, 9, 41940 Egypbesssssq.. Mar. 27, 1937 Portugal....sv+s...++» Dac. 12, 1940 Finland....... Dec. 31, 1940 RUMANIA. ever veviannees ADT 6, 1841 Germany....... May 17, 1939 Russia... vsswsviss sree J80e 17, 1959 Greece........ Oct. 16, 1940 SPIN sie sie Jinjeisis sls saws =e Dec, 31,1940 Guatemala..... Apr. 7, 1940 SWEET. ose v's sivv's os sinivie'n- DEC, 31, 1940 Honduras...... June 30, 1940 Switzerland........... Dec. 1, 1941 Hungary....... dan. 31, 1941 Union of South Africa. May 6, 1941 Iceland....... Dec. 2, 1940 Venszuela....+.s++-+s+ Dec. 7, 1941 ‘ 2Rio de Janeiro, (D.F.) and 3Roman Catholic population 4Estimated as of July 31. BTncludes 25 districts in which there are established hospitals, health centers, dispensaries, or health units which are under supervision of public health authorities. ®Excludes jungle population estimated as 350,000 at time of 1940 census. “Includes population actually enumerated plus that estimated for omissions (465,144). Includes armed forces, irrespective of location. oEstimated as of Dec. 31. 10kxcludes data for Indian tribes and Federal Dependencies. 1lpopulation in a registration area which includes almost 100 percent of the total British territory and 76 percent of India proper. State capitals. only. uestionable, because derived from reported communicable disease numbers and rates. Apparently in- cludes armed forces, in view of fact that 1944 special census of civilian Japanese nationals plus small number of military personnel in Japan, gave total of 73,456,141. . 14pxcludes armed forces. 16Tncludes data for Austrian territory plus a few Sudeten districts. ~ 18pxcludes data for 41 communes of Eupen, Malmédy, and Moresnet, not under Belgian administration. : Population of these communes estimated at 83,090 in 1939. I "erritory of 1939, defined by Treaty of Neuilly signed, Nov. 27, 1919. 26 Bohemia and Moravia represent approximately 50 percent of the population of the original Czechoslovak Republic which included in addition, Sudetenland, Czecho-Silesia, Slovakia, and Subcarpathian Ruthenia (Subcarpathia). 187 cludes armed forces and merchant seamen irrespective of location. | 20Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania became Soviet Socialist Republics on Aug. 3, 1940. ?lpe jure (legal or resident) population. BY 227301 udes population transferred with territory ceded to U.5.S.R. by Treaty of Moscow, Mar. 12, 1940. Almost the entire population (approximately 450,000 persons) from ceded area moved during 1939-1940 to the interior of Finland and were not transferred. Because of repatriation the number of displaced persons varied during the period 1941-1944. 23For 87 departments only, excluding 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. 24For 86 departments only, excluding Corsica and 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. 25pata for Altreich, i. e., territory of 1937, including the Saar. 88perritory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 27Unless otherwise specified, data are for territory of 1938, i. e., including Klaipeda (Memel) and excluding Vilnius. 2 Excludes data for Klaipeda (Memel) and Vilnius; Klaipeda was annexed by Germany, Mar. 21, 1939. 2°Fstimated midyear. ~ 30Excludes data for Klaipeda (Memel) but includes Vilnius, returned to Lithuania, August 1939. 3l¢ivilian population only, excluding the garrison. 32Estimated as of June 1. 33For M"Wartheland" comprising mainly the 3 Provinces of Lodz, Kalisz, and Posnan in western Poland. 2%De facto (present in area) population. POPULATION 79 Footnotes for table 3——Continued 3fExcludes data for Bessarabia and the northern half of Bukovina ceded to U.S.S.R., Aug. 2, 1940; two-thirds of Transylvania ceded to Hungary, Aug. 30, 1940; and one-third of Dobrudja ceded to Bulgaria, Sept. 7, 1940. Total population of area excluded equals nearly 7,000,000 of which 251,400 refugees from ceded territories remained in Rumania. 36Tncludes data for Bessarabia and northern Bukovina replaced under Rumanian administration July 1941, but excludes Transylvania and Dobrudja (see note 35 above). By provision of Armistice, Aug. 23, 1944, U.S.S.R. regained Bessarabia and northern Bukovina. 37Area as of 1938. 381939 enumerated population plus populations incorporated during 1939 and 1940 from the following countries: Finlande.eoeeoosee 500,000 Estonias.eeee.... 1,126,413 Poland..sssssisssss 12,775,000 Lithuania........ 2,879,070 Rumania..ceseeseee 3,500,000 Latviaseeve...... 1,950,502 3% arelo~Finnish S.S.R. was formed, Mar. 31, 1940, by union of territory ceded by Finland with Karelian Autonomous Soviet Republic, part of R.S.F.S.R. Estimated population in 1939 was 469,145. 4OMoldavian S.5.R. was formed, August 1940 by union of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Republic which was part of Ukrainian S.S.R. and most of Bessarabia ceded by Rumania. “pug. 1940 estimate. 42Includes Karelian Autonomous Soviet Republic which, in Mar. 1940, becarie an independent Republic, (see footnote 39 above), } 43Furopean part equaled 92,702,271; Asiatic part 16,576, 343. 44prior to August 1940, included Moldavian Atononons Soviet Republic; after 1940 included northern Bukovina and 3 districts of Bessarabia ceded by Rumania. 48Excludes armed forces overseas. Source: Compiled from official yearbooks and vital statistics reports for each country, and from selected secondary sources. See complete bibliography on p. 238. ¥ ROSY a Riis wn rE ETT 80 I NTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS \ TABLE 4,—POPULATIO - (Enumerated population 1 mma - s shown for most recent census and 1 3 : ndicated by letter (; 3 Country, year, and sex m Under 1 1-4 1 - ages year years is ou i530 20a0¢ ear, 7 sassreliy {sz aboriginals): — ~ : (E. June BD eniagrniotn sexes.. 7,102,306|| 126,754 h Sex 162,837 Sens 3,581,719 64,7 : $29,083 0s : 3995 (0. Sune 20s il) Sey Sip0ies 3,520,587 Se a 265,115 sag {os 605,404 1 mii SE kw Geol Som| dos Sem mln Austria:® Female...... 3,262,728 Ben 250571 318,057 517.506 Soe mis 7 1939 (C. May 17) > »500] 227,004 308,443 ses 20/0 ae, 78 8 ssseccscesssssBoth sexes Ein : gis es 2 Both os 6,881,457 || —— 541,238 4 : i edes ate 3,289,494 3974” 594,005 °434 854 | © vi. alo sencenn] 1. D000 series ——| 4000608 oisa,e54| Jeoz,om| 517,507 10 18a” ( : 2471 “194 5214. 344,740) «105,58 1 Ee DeCs 51)eccccsssss Both sexes 8,257,392 »5% 214,353 | ©348,2%6 185.744 oe 94 o 12 Male. . ’: 4,065.580 Sa iot,und 594,959 644,533 | 667,573 is 1930 (C. Dece 31)ecsecsssss. Both ar sagas Boe 225,020 zos.004 71,140 oe io a 004 142.1% ? ! Tal 15 I a Re $92,300 , sic1% Tomes brasil” we. | worn reoer| Semso| smen| swr| se] pra. eon) seg : 252.427 | 326.485 Br un 5 3506 342,637 247,060 | 323. a 1 940% oe L)eeeeereens Both sexes..| 41,220,150 12,18 a fly il 54 lale........ 20,608,857 Sah ae aly Bulgaria: 20 emale...... | 20,611,209 sl,00 RH 5 gi jae Si 4,839,603 3,485,012 20 (E. Dec. 31)esuceceesss Both sexes, 6,307,600 Yr promt , » ’ a 1934 (C 0 Fa an, 120041600 i 22 « Decs 31)eeccecssess Both sexes. . len 157,085 556 965800 345,100 2 een lg i 12 220,075 s (ox, Ton i 1. 1. Tereopiocy j024, 76,698 | 273.307 id git 677 | 224,540| 289.875 = 1943 (C. June R)ueseeresesss Both sexes i, oo 2s Bin saxepy 220118 —1,049,741—— | 1,043,925 1,099,334 . 5 y ,916 515,791 543,815 > Sass 2 + HOV. 2B)svecseescsss.Both sexes... 5,023,539 : Wii an i Both sexes. | 5,025, 150,854 | 471,149 634,857 609 oss | wns aise r ,297 | s12,803| 456,930 Rn Female...... | 2,533,613| 74 , Te EA 20s ; as 1533, 2217| 234119 512,905 ar Zl Zee 2 GULF EYeness ves nsesioth : : Hi 2 oth sexes.. 8,701,816 291,145 : : 1,046,811 = Male........ | 4,512,763 146,522 | 525,481 i | ip Sans Zorn Cehobt sat emale...... | 4,389,053| 144.825| 521,350 : Spel hal pea : posovaint fe x : 616,585 521,576 | 471,992| 414.721 4 sii haeiia 8. ,729,536 || 292,804 | 1,117 i Male... 7,145,116 || 148,471 Ail Lr pg Ei fonts atlas sn ih vevees | 7,586,420 || 144,333] 553,021 753,45 on] To Te : - ) tase 464,462 | 684.25 a sor ’252| 730.45 2 JeeeessssssessBoth sexes.. 7,220,921 || —— 577,708 . . Lee $7 ss2,072 564,271 | 598,340] 517,552 a fimo inh ' 286,135 | 295,075| 210,241 ’ rvs): ’ 238,395 278 z ’ 1940 (Co NOVe 5)escssssscesssBoth sexes 3,844,312 i «| 5,844,312] 67,455] 251,630 4 Male........ | 1,800,076 34,396 | 127,896 4) int Ty Snelom ov vitis eveenn. | 1o9a4,236| 33.089] | 127.734 14s, Pm em : ao ae ins 7) 5.635 151,438 | 163,556 160,590 a . JoseusnensBoth sexes.. | 39,889,000 || 581,000 | 2,300,000 | 2,797,000 | 2 : % €eeerenes | 18,243,000 ; ba17, | 0 2 i Nale........ | 16,265,000 297,000] 1,172,000 | 1,417,000 1,506,000 | 1,568, gibi 1931 (C. Apr. 26) 1952, a ERE Ineo) 1,560 a0 io teeseesesessBoth sexes.. | 39.952.377 | 601.708 | 2.388.569 rind le BLE Lilo of u 19,133,010 | 304,974 | 1,205,240 ee Tis [a Batis 2 20,819,367 || 296,734 | 1,185,349 | 1,644,811 Ls Le = aa r644, 1,566,814 | 1,724,989 | 1,795,546 » « DeCe Zl)eseecssssss Both sexes,, | ##1,133,900 17,600 64,700 on Yale.n ree 5 : ; Sr He» 50 lal... 552,700 9,000 32,800 42,900 ool mi pin 51 Sane. wh es 1,200 8,600| 31,900 : ne 52 +e 1)eeesseeese. Both sexes.. | 1,126,413] 17,754] 66.798 ae Sih vis 55 lale......... 528,868 9,046] 34,801 ep fre asl ad ai emale...... 597,525 8,708] 53,907 43.884 Wn Tp Bm 3 mr az,745| 37.528] 50,362 ss 40 (Go Dees E1)uaveanesnsniBoth sexes. | 5,887,217 538,491 517 i se lele........ 1,902,305 172,107 ne Samet Tne ee oa lessor | 150208 172,107 161) 173,581 | 176.573] 154,269 J i. > 6,207 168,270| 171,676 si : 155,810 58 eeseenssces Both sexes. | 37,086,000 467,000] 1,845,000 | 2,686,000 | 3,157,000 59 €ueenense| 16,894,000 Jad9, ; ha ie ein] ERO] Tok nl Li Lgmioco| Lise onl 61 + MBPs B)ueussesssess Bobh sexes. | 41,183,193] 632,840) 2,666,028 lol yee wi 6 ale........| 19,797,415] 518,50 1,541,196 To] Sino) Aneta Taine venees| 21.385.778| 314.532 2675.6 igri Eydrgatl Bg 1 5385, 's32| 1.324.852 | 1.675.673 | 1,732,593| 1,121,047] 1,471,134 See footnotss on De 84. 81 POPULATION / 38 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, SELECTED YEARS i estimate 1s shown when recent census figures are not available and indicated by letter E) 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-60 70-74 75 years Not 2 years vears years years years years years years years years |and over stated 2 : - = 807,460 560,855 495,283 472,079 449,962 424,289 340,970 270,440 199,318| 157,480 165,640 - 1 307,521 287,188 257,073 236,470 221,39 212,961 171,719 133,856 96,779 75,285 76,501 - 2 299,939 273,667 238,210 235,809 228,564 211,328 169,251 136,584| 102,539 82,195 89,139 -l 3 531,874 487,260 464,331 454,504 407,110 333,149 260,151 207,708] 182,728 129,792 115,506 18,843 4 276,304 250,464 227,703 228,862 208,450 170,970 131,764 114,378 92,661 65,743 55,553 10,188| 5 255,570 R36,796 R36,628 225,642 198,660 162,179 128,387 113,330 90,167 64,049 59,953 8,655 6 586,796 602,188 591,877 515,770 446,005 425,435 380,286 339,050 615,568 - 7 293,472 301,084 293,167 238,726 199,518 190,015 172,873 153,529 - 273,930 -l 8 293,324 301,104 292,810 277,044 246,487 R%3,420 207,413 185,521 341,638 - 9 582,573 663,465 683,460 648,080 564,694 495,542 456,278 398,755 231,800 223,076] 219,993 -|10 . R80,531 333,460 345,5 325,114 272,855 238,397 R19,408 190,179| 155,541| 102,486 91,062 -111 282,042 330,005 337,949 324,976 291,839 257,145 236,868 208,576 176,259| 120,590| 128,931 -112 720,386 671,551 587,522 536,177 516,722 474,440 417,610 340,572 260,764| 182,922| 170,532 53/13 566,363 335,918 286,408 26,831 255,429 R5%,820 204,313 164,714 122,978 83,544 70,662 R314 354,023 355,633 301,114 273,346 2€1,293 240,620 R13,297 175,858 137,786 99,578 99,870 30(15 — | — 4,901,551 — 3,441,640 —— 2,044,850 —). 076,118 —— | —— 509.380 32,271|16 _— 2,466,368 —1,789,495 —1,053,396 524,629 —ii —— 260,710 14,669(17 —=|—2,435,183 —1,652,145 991,454 551,484 — | — 338,679 17,602 18 2,598,400 519,800 170,500 344,700 -{19 1,304,800 R47,200 83,200 170,800 -|20 1,291,600 272,600 87,300 175,900 -(21 537,128 467,529 382,151 297,751 290,994 263,440 190,570 156,164 121,542 92,588| 102,838 1,202(22 271,678 235,559 189,876 143,683 137,004 178,659 93,790 76,348 62,859 46,457 51,643 694| 23 265,450 231,970 192,275 154,068 153,990 134,781 96,780 79,816 58,683 46,131 151,195 508| 24 965,413 842,367 758,343 675,605 634,369 591,015 506,343 406,617| 307,332 216,822| 242,758 -| R85 487,396 430,684 396,653 348,039 332,008 315,404 274,893 218,202| 162,233 110,944 117,076 -|28 47e,017 411,703 362,690 327,566 302,361 275,611 231,450 18e,415( 145,099| 105,878| 125,682 -|27 426,901 352,405 520,992 268,675 215,985 174,021 134,589 118,223 66,370 51,009 58,389 -(28 204,395 177,431 165,405 136,983 109,145 86,081 68,181 55,443 32,586 22,562 24,096 -|R9 222,506 174,974 165,587 131,692 106,240 87,940 66,408 82,780 33,784 28,537 34,203 -130 ’ » > ’ ’ 692,279 530,530 530,888 404,135 303,470 278,364 155,672 185,408 80,751 77,085 91,389 4,775|31 334,494 264,524 266,496 199,012 155,644 136,763 78,650 87,697 40,022 34,057 38,735 2,606(32 357,785 266,006 264,392 205,123 149,826 141,601 77,022 97,711 40,709 43,008 52,654 2,169(33 1,351,704 1,197,648 979,163 851,169 775,713 707,192 633,622 537,983| 404,774 296,967 269,105 15,707| 34 668,481 573,929 453,544 391,540 359,493 329,134 297,392 251,049 186,813| 132,869 113,247 7,015|35 683,223 623,719 526,618 459,629 416,220 378,058 336,230 286,934 217,961| 164,208| 155,858 8,692|36 390,766 653,955 638,199 601,622 508,215 413,947 364,642 305,402| 245,415| 174,364 171,818 12,632|37 177,564 309,804 305,722 288,035 232,587 189,566 165,176 138,805 110,407 78,247 72,753 6,734)|38 213,202 344,151 332,477 313,587 275,628 224,381 199,466 166,597 135,008 96,117 99,066 5,898|39 323,370 317,721 288,691 265,438 231,385 205,937 182,263 155,7€0( 119,189 86,326 94,883 566 |40 161,116 167,435 141,918 128,551 112,144 99,456 88,156 75,801 57,589 40,172 42,677 310(41 162,254 160,286 146,773 136,887 119,241 106,481 94,107 79,978 61,600 46,154 52,206 256(42 3,042,000| 5,274,000( 3,181,000| 2,846,000| 2,648,000| 2,503,000| 2,296,000| 2,007,000|1,593,000(1,118,000|1,080,000 -|43 1,280,000 1,501,000| 1,497,000| 1,288,000( 1,193,000( 1,147,000( 1,052,000 922,000 724,000| 487,000| 409,000 -|44 1,762,000( 1,773,000| 1,0684,000| 1,568,000 1,455,000| 1,356,000 1,244,000| 1,085,000 669,000( 631,000, 671,000 -|45 3,357,100( 3,055,286| 2,808,039| 2,663,553 2,553,939| 2,381,637| 2,068,477| 1,656,951|1,270,670( 870,751 821,788 -|48 1,628,993 | 1,433,289| 1,283,010 1,229,346| 1,186,554 1,116,319 987,445 778,064| 577,970| 376,480 318,397 -47 1,728,107 1,621,997 1,570,029| 1,434,207| 1,367,385| 1,265,318( 1,081,032 878,887 692,700 494,271| 503,391 -|48 99,900 97,000 89,700 77,200 69,200 66,700 57,600 52,100 + 110,600 -149 50,400 48,100 42,300 34,400 30,300 29,100 25,000 21,800 41,900 -(50 49,500 48,900 47,300 42,800 38,900 37,800 32,600 30,200 68,700 —t——— -|51 99,190 92,650 79,952 71,916 70,111 61,998 57,834 49,554 40,082 32,317 30,505 1,308(52 49,377 44,053 35,983 31,959 31,167 27,733 25,279 21,038 16,225 12,431 11,104 677|53 49,813 48,597 43,969 39,957 38,944 34,265 32,555 28,516 23,857 19,886 19,401 631|54 326,227 331,324 289,770 254,552 221,587 205,591 178,385 147,496 114,972 70,675 90,043 1355 161,224 163,717 142,564 122,376 106,428 97,871 84,116 67,338 50,723 30,324 37,380 5(56 165,003 167,807 147,208 132,176 115,159 107,720 94,267 80,158 64,249 40,351 52,663 : 8(57 1,986,000 2,522,000( 2,743,000( R,829,000( 2,439,000| 2,256,000| 2,132,000 1,955,000|1,724,000|— 2,625,000 ——— -[58 759,000] 1,034,000| 1,217,000| 1,340,000| 1,061,000 977,000 925,000 864,000; 765,000|— 1,062,000 — -|59 1,227,000| 1,488,000( 1,526,000( 1,48€9,000| 1,378,000| 1,279,000| 1,207,000| 1,091,000] 959,000(— 1,573,000 -| 60 3,309,923| 3,365,217| 3,153,809( 2,640,945| 2,532,242| 2,404,552 2,285,789| 1,997,935|1,602,034|— 2,449,107 55,804 61 1,670,737 1,710,386 1,551,349 1,177,924| 1,139,137| 1,084,038] 1,051,918 925,292 718,260 —— 998,775 R3,574| 62 1,639,186) 1,654,831| 1,602,460| 1,463,021 1,393,105| 1,320,514| 1,233,871] 1,072,643 €e3,774|— 1,450,322 32,230] 63 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS 54 See footnotes on p. 84, 82 TABLE 4.—POPULATION BY AGE AND SEX: . (Enumerated population is shown for most recent census and Indicated by letter C; = - 3 Country, year, and sex = Yrdep 1 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 3 ye years years years years years Germany: 1 195955 (0, May 17) ieisnasssa 1 (C. May 17) Both sexes..| 79,375,281| 1,461,997| 5,201,075 5,462,002 6,168,508 6,894,571] 4,420,808 2 €..neeees| 38,761,6450 747,901 2,655,383) 2,760,198] 3.138.742 3.506.610 2 244 829 3 ae Female......| 40,613,636| 714,096 2,547,692| 2,692,804] 3.049.766 3.387761 2°175 979 : 1956%" (E. Jan. 1)...........Both sexes..| 68,072,000| 1,209,000] 4,324,000 4,918,000 5.425.000 5.315 000 1 607 con 5 kiale........| | 35,180,000 619,000 2,210,000 2,498,000 2,751,000 2,701,000 2,345,000 Grecess® €eoenns 34,892,000 590,000| 2,114,000 2,420,000) 2,672,000 2,612,000 2,312,000 7 1926/40. May 15)-+ oes evannesn 7 (C. May 15) Sot sexes.. 6,204,684] 169,080 595,283 625,601 599,737, 693,619 547,875 8 Male. 3,076,235 87,127 303.307 320,223 513,345] 342,666] 259.870 8 emale......| 3,128,440] 81,955 291,976 305,378 286,392] 350,953 286.005 10 NET Ye 28y ....... i 10 7 (c.).... +eseeoBoth sexes..| 14,683,523 283,738| 1,041,554) 1,324,925| 1,415,195| 1,440,650 957,085 u Male........| 7,227,680| 144,346| 526,471 670,089 713,305 725,433 472.702 : Female......| 7,455,643 139,392| 515.065 654,836 701,890 715.217] 464.383 13 1989" (C. Nov. 18)..........Both sexes..| +%@,108,300 157,00 597.700 795,400 848,500 875.800 515.300 14 Male........| ##4,452,800] 69.500] 298.300 395,300 422,900] 438.300] 256.200 15 o Female......| 4,650,500 68,000] 299.400 400,000 425,600 435.400] 259.000 16 DIP (2. Doc. 51). esroinbnt oomvons 9,085,000 158,000 637,000 841,000 879,000] 695,000] 734.000 17 Male........| 4,429,000] 80,000 323.000 424,000 444,000 352,000 364.000 18 Te oa) Female......| 4,606,000( 76,000| 314.000 417,000 435,000 341,000] 370.000 19 1951 (C. Feb. 26)............Both sexes..| 852,857,778|110,768,547 [42,696,742 | 45,506,909| 40,634,216|51,957,792 33,009,771 20 181,828,923 5,549,103(21,085,651 | 25,796,001| 21,572,604|16,040,278| 16,514,675 21 ot sits: Female......| 171,008,855 5,419,44421,611,111| 21,710,908| 19,061,522|15,297,514| 16,695,096 a sl y 22 193722 (E. June 30)..........Both sexes..| 272,406,436] 8,544,310(32,249,751 | 35,089,684| 31,717,666|25,445,185|%8, 622,563 25 Male........| 140,319,590|| 4,168,261 (15,074,573 | 18,438,979| 16,922,260|12,761,703|%4. 353.668 2 2 Female......| 132,086,846] 4,176,02916,275,358 | 16,650,705| 14,795,406|12,663,480|%24. 205.885 25 10312’ (C. Feb. 26)..........Both sexes..| 271,526,933 8,268,000(32,745,190| 35,255,503| 31,320,053|24,627,930| 25,621,027 26 Male........| 139,951,556( 4,113,421|16,194,180| 18,458,325| 16,634,557|12,526,459| 12,623,425 27 Zeeks (bh) Female......| 131,595,377 4,155,479|16,551,010| 18,797,268 14,685,476|12,501,471| 12,997,602 re re): 28 1941 (C.* Nov. 16)..........Eoth sexes..| 2,992,034 55,355] 220,265 270,733 266,634] 272,072] 238,972 29 Male........| 1,512,727 2el245| 111.873 137,358 136,351 136,833] 121,775 30 Female......| 1,479,507 27.110 108,412 125,835 132,285 = 135,239) 117,197 31 1936 (Co APs 26)evsvsvess...Both sexes..| 2,968,420 53,606 214.660 269,345 282,783] 268,526] 254,513 32 Male........| 1,520,454] 27,152 109,213 136,348 143,720] 128,112] 134,680 Be Female......| 1,447,966] 26.454] 105.447 132,997 139,068] 130,214] 119,833 y: 34 1936 (Co Pra 21).eeesenn.-vaBoth sexes..| 42,444,588 94e,327 5,409,604 4,856,251] 4,412,206] 3,088,649] 3,710,023 3 Male........| 20,594,600| 483,547| 1,734,448| 2,209,984| 2,252,751] 1,559,468] 1,756,120 % | : Female......| 21,849,988|| 464,780| 1,675,156| 2,148,267| 2,179,455| 1,529,181| 1.954.703 apan® * (proper 3 87 oe (Ce Nov. 1) ueeesee..Both sexes..| 71,998,104|l 1,717,405 | 7,643,600 | 8,579,708| 8,616,646] 7,769,667| ,360,264 38 Male........| 33,894,050 'e70,832| 3,969,572 | 4,538,165| 4,550,745| 3,809,697] 1.969.057 39 : Femele......| 38,104,045 846,663 | 3,874,527 | 4,241,545| 4,266,101| 3,959,970] 3.420.407 20 040° Oct. 1)evesessnen Both sexes.. | 71,810,022] 1,942,723 | 6,959,010 8,683,851| 8,310,085| 7,269,126 5,943,947 all, . Male........| 35,777,983) 985,210| 5,519,268 | 4,580,804| 4,189,441) 3,652,253 2,863.144 42 Female......| 36,032,089| 957,513| 3,439,742| 4,207,027| 4,120,644| 3,636,673| 2,990,605 43 1685 (C. 0cts 1)eeveusensso..Both sexes..| 69,254,148] 2,085,909 | 7,292,592 | 8,531,419| 7,685,247] 6,640,917 6.071.071 “ Male... 34,754,135 1,050,001) 5,662,020) 4,503,263 | 3,676,774 3,350,715) 3,086,705 emsle...... 7520, ,004,828 | 5,609,672 | 4,208,156| 3,808,473| 3,290,204| 3.034.288 Latvia: 46 1939 (E. Dec. 31)ssseesssenc.Both sexes.. | 1,951,200 34,500 125,300) s#152,200 160,600 152,300] 106,400 47 Hele.raresen 916,100] 17,500| 63,800 77,400 81,400] 77,400] 53,100 48 Female......| 1,035,100] 17,000] 61,500 74,700 79,200 74,800 53,300 49 1935 (Co Febs 12)eveesenen. Both sexes..| 1,950,502 = 32.560| 126.527 165,641 157,793] 111,100] 168,497 50 NAle... ove. 912,051 16,583 64,578 83,966 80,267| 55,551] 83.05% 51 Female......| 1,038,451] 16,007| 61,949 81,675 77,536] 55,549] 85,444 Mexico: : 52 1940 (C. Mar. 6)eeseecessasssBoth sexes.. | 19,653,552 535,809| 2,328,993 2,828,520| 2,402,733 1,996,301] 1,547,322 53 Male........| 9,695,787| 274,279] 1,174,209| 1,441,081] 1,246,808] 965,506 739,501 Female......| 9,957,765] 261,620| 1,154,784| 1,367,439| 1,155,925| 1,026,795] BO7,821 Netherlands: . - 55 1942 (E. Deco 31)evsseersersoBoth sexes..| #%9,076,300| 184,000 690,800 806,100 626,100 £14,800 774,200 56 Male...son,s| 4,530,400] 95,000] 353,200 412,400 421,400] 414,100] 392,100 57 Female......| 4,545,800] 89,000 337,600 393,800 404,700 400,700] 382,000 58 1930 (Co DeCe 31)esessensss.oBobh sexes..| 7,935,565] 174,254] 661,759 839,235 756,417] 744,082 709,201 59 Nale........| 3.042.676 e9.424| 337.262 426.810 384,240] 374,099] 350.518 60 Female......| 3,992,889] ®4,830| 324,497 412,425 372,077 369,993 358,775 New Zealand (ex. Maoris): Pea TO412° (BR. ADTs L).v.«suvees Both sexes..| 1,543,982] —— 135,680 —— 117,800 129,900] 135,700] 119,000 62 Kele.. : 765,131 68,931 60,400 66,400] . 68,900, 54,200 63 Panel. ares . 778,851 66,751 57,400 63,500] - 66,800 64,800 64 1036° (C. Mare 24)seveesenso Both sexes..| 1,481,484] 23,087] 93,701 128.387 135,316 132,245] 133,540 65 loi.enr arr 756,226] 11,765 48,089 65,574 69,055 67,370 67,675 66 : Female...... 735,258] 11,272] 45,642 62,813 66,261] 64,875 65,865 | Northern Ireland: 67. 1037 (C. Feb. 2B)..esess... Both sexes..| 1,279,745] 23,142] 88,707 114,222 120,744] 113,733 105,247 68 elo. ite ie re 625,154] 11,774] 45,387 58,080 61,501] 56,658 51,039 69 Female. suse 656,501] 11.368] 43,440 56,142 59,243] 57,078 54,208 ETE TR : i oy ¥ 5 15 8 Bake l POPULATION 38 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, SELECTED YEARS—Continued estimate 1s shown when recent census figures are not available and indicated by @etter E) . . o » 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 56-59 | 60-64 65-89 70-74 |75 years Not = years | years years years years years years years years years and over stated 8 a 7,066,987| 7,159,138| 6,698,418| 5,645,449] 4,873,026] 4,463,357| 5,935,638| 3,601,823|2,683,892 (1,854,113 (1,744,679 -['1 3,561,126| 3,597,126 3,336,271| 2,568,974| 2,160,871 2,039,753| 1,837,721] 1,703,557|1,269,572| 855,728| 750,283 -| 2 3,505,861| 3,562,012| 3,362,147| 3,076,475| 2,712,155| 2,423,604| 2,097,917 1,898,266|1,414,320| 998,385| 994,396 -| 3 x 6,214,000( 8,070,000 5,636,000 4,895,000| 4,166,000| 3,786,000| 3,424,000 3,045,000|2,217,000|1,555,000|1,420,000 - 4 9 3,108,000, 3,025,000 2,755,000| 2,085,000] 1,867,000 1,752,000] 1,620,000 1,459,000|1,055,000| 717,000 613,000] - 5 id 5,106,000, 3,045,000 2,881,000| 2,610,000| ?,299,000| 2,034,000| 1,804,000| 1,586,000|1,162,000| 838,000| 807,000] -| a 518,142| 382,737| 575,185 326,635| 312,891 275,408 208,617] 191,064 141,267| 103,310| 117,894 20,039 7 i 253,277 184,340 174,427| 152,139 160,357| 139,213 107,940 92,083 70,654| 48,802 55,945 10,520, 8 264,865 198,397| 200,758 174,496 152,534| 136,195 100,977 98,981 70,613 54,508 61,949 9,519 9 1,210,187 1,250,047 1,104,953| 1,004,858] 822,105| 716,199 642,781 515,320] 385,608| 290,728| 295,289 .2,112| 10 i 605,807| 628,778| 554,621| 487,032| « 382,547| 325,707 297,031] 237,165 181,078| 139,029| 135,516] 923(11 = 604,280 621,269 550,332 517,826| 439,558 390,492| 345,750 276,164| 204,530| 151,699] 159,773] 1,180(12 0 HEE 826,800) 771,400 719,900| 631,400] 504,900| 469,900| 409,300| 336,500 ———— 628,200 ————— 37,200|13 % 411,800| ~ 387,800| 359,600( 303,900] 235,200 215,500 191,100] 158,300] ——— 291,400 ———— 17,700] 14 hee] 415,000 383,600| 360,200 327,500 269,800 254,400 218,200, 178,100) — 336,800 ———— 19,500( 15 4 823,000] 740,000] 694,000| 582,000 486,000| 465,000 = 382,000 920,000 1,000 16 = 409,000| 366,000| 341,000| 267,000| 224,000, 215,000 180,000 440,000 -|17 414,000 374,000| 353,000| = 315,000 262,000] 250,000| 202,000 480,000 1,000| 18 8 a 30,190,648| 27,027,522| 21,633,271 |18,411,820| 14,221,408 11,381,206 | €,083,945| 6,569,452|3,146,284 | — 4,539,785 — (#13,078,460|19 el 15,466,083) 14,217,036|11,548,383| 9,852,087| 7,632,488| 6,025,595 4,155,676| 3,307,296|1,597,385 | — 2,245,175 —— [©*1,623,339/20 14,724,565| 12,810,486 10,084,888 | 8,559,733| 6,588,920| 5,355,611| 3,928,269 3,26%,156|1,548,899|— 2,294,612 —— |*11,455,121|21 -—~| —— 38,070,216 —— 25,944,283 —— | — 15,880,180 11,042,600 —————— -|22 i ——|—— 20,091,502 —— 13,837,770 —— | —— 8,235,178 5,518,846 ——————= -{23 RE — 17,978,714 12,106,513 7,645,002 mt mmt—.5 G00 JE er——— -(24 8 23,643,864|21,245,273|16,829,157 | 14,321,476|11,022,87¢| €,828,144| 6,260,210| 5,060,114|2,455,452| — 3,570,464 —— | 22451,228|25 12,127,056(11,197,135( 9,004,569| 7,675,852 5,905,451| 4,662,962| 3,215,862| 2,548,431|1,244,873|— 1,766,414 —— | 23232 ,584|26 Ha 11,516,808| 10,048,138 | 7,824,588 6,645,624| 5,117,427 4,165,182| 3,044,348 2,511,683|1,210,579 | — 1,804,050 —— | 2°218,644|27 i 228,470| 200,718| - 184,297| 177,526] 154,203| 148,860| 134,250] 129,036] 118,580| 97,102| 93,141 -|28 114,324) 102,517 91,888 89,480 78,509 76,256 68,262 65,901 62,146 48,282| 42,687, -| 29 ae 114,146 98,201 92,409 88,046 75,694 72,404 65,988 63,135 56,434 48,820 50,454 ~{50. 216,7685| 183,284| 192,420 162,905| 156,583| 152,707| 143,441 1%0,378| 113,001| 85,940 87,743 -|31 $ 113,325 94,078 96,783 83,741 80,507 78,681 75,089 68,110 60,056 40,822| 40,037 -| 32 AR 103,460 89,208 95,637 79,164 76,076 74,026 68,352 62,268 52,945| 45,118] 47,706 SE SER 3,548,243| 3,066,966| 2,757,417| 2,413,008| 2,239,337| 2,024,103| 1,756,376| 1,512,818|1,229,155| 966,780 998,635] | 3,800] 34 ay 1,707,334| 1,482,862| 1,287,500 1,091,694 1,022,060 945,514| 841,244 729,707| 588,279| 462,621 457,713 1,754| 35 A 1,840,909| 1,584,104| 1,489,917| 14321,404| 1,217,277 1,078,589| 915,132| 783,111 640,876| 504,159| 540,922 12,046 38 “4 } 4,410,114| 4,447,088 4,295,981] 4,085,081| 3,565,401| 2,931,537| 2,579,382| 2,131,753|1,712,488|1,073,210| = 850,410| -| 37 g 1,616,244| 1,810,978( 1,984,633] 2,046,228| 1,819,363| 1,496,362] 1,279,070| 998,510 764,989| 452,634] 316,382 -|38 z 2,793,870| 2,636,110( 2,311,348) 2,036,833| 1,746,038) 1,485,175| 1,300,312 1,133,243 947,499] 620,576] 534,028 -| 29 £1 5,505,935| 4,832,232| 4,342,655 3,772,134| 3,174,468 2,865,082| 2,547,639| 2,218,254|1,549,322| 991,338] 901,343 898/40. 3 2,739,494| 2,428,028| 2,203,413| 1,932,927| 1,627,155| 1,442,994| 1,234,615| 1,045,447| 700,419 419,946| 336,824 401/41 } 2,766,441| 2,404,204| 2,139,242| 1,839,207| 1,547,313| 1,422,088| 1,312,824 | 1,172,807| 848,903| 571,392| 564,519 49742 5,240,083| 4,632,637| 4,045,846| 3,406,011 3,112,834 | 2,832,875 | 2,571,137 1,930,611|1,387,002 | 913,423| 924,444 -|43 2,670,248| 2,379,492| 2,093,446| 1,767,627 | 1,591,179| 1,404,376 1,255,092| 916,820 630,008 | 394,223| 350,088 - -44 Js 2,569,835| 2,253,145 1,952,400 1,638,384 | 1,521,655 1,478,499| 1,316,045 | 1,013,791| 757,084| 519,200| 574,356 -|45 ne ##161,300| 168,500| 154,900 126,000| 113,200| 105,800 99,100 89,100 192,400 ————— 9,600/46 79,400 83,700 72,700 50,600 48,600 45,500 44,100 28,700] 78,500 3,900(47 a 82,000 84,800 82,200 75,400 64,600 60,300 55,000 50,400 — TT 114,100 — 5,700]48 [#43 176,054 162,473| 132,843| 120,117 113,863| 109,251 101,491 90,951 67,836| 56,053] 54,566 2,256|49 87,421 76,325 55,634 51,879 49,544 49,532 45,313 41,412 29,064 | 23,219] 19,896 82450 88,633 86,148 79,209 68,238 64,319 59,719 56,178 49,539 38,772 33,434 34,670 1,432|51 % 1,591,649 | 1,318,488 | 1,371,619| 937,395| 757,898| 601,107| 425,091 | 419,505| 226,506 163,035| 196,757 4,734|52 752,210| 634,103| 670,663| 449,853| 362,664| 204,332| 205,531 | 204,753| 111,189| 178,953| 93,482 2,670(53 839,439| 6e4,385| 700,956| 487,542| 395,234| 516,775| R19,560| 214,752| 115,317| 84,082| 103,275 2,064 [54 719,100| 697,200 650,200| 578,700| 518,800| 442,200 389,200 332,700] — 652,100 ——— -|55 360,600 344,200| 318,600| 283,200 253,500| 216,800 190,900| 162,600 — 311,700 ——— -|56 A 358,500 353,000 331,600| 295,500 265,200] 225,400 198,300| 170,100 — 340,400 ——— : -|57 ; 651,600 577,460 515,784| = 455,596| 411,646| 373,490| 315,801| 257,187| 206,018| 156,591] 149,309 3558 La \ 320,254 2¢2,881| 252,470 2°3,956| 202,596] 183,588| 154,677| 125,521 99,756| 65,718 68,813 15|59 331,366] 294,579| 263,314| 231,640| 209,050| 189,902| 161,124| 131,666| 106,262 70,873] 80,496 20|60 124,500| 120,100 108,000 98,700 90,400 89,900 85,100 71,200 51,100) 34,300, 32,600 -|e1 58,900 58,800 53,600 48,300 43,300 44,500 43,500 36,600 25,900| 17,000|° 15,700 -|62 65,600 61,300 54,200 50,400 47,100 45,400 41,600 34,600| 25,200(- 17,300] 16,900 -|63 124,988| 109,510| 101,804 91,049 92,954 89,324 78,539 57,813 42,836 26,835] 27,991 1,615(64 63,729 56,042 50,717 43,479 46,238 45,803 40,959 29,800| 21,691| 13,288] 13,976 9186/65 61,259 53,468 51,087 47,570 46,716 43,521 37,580 27,923| 21,145 13,547| 14,015 699|66 101,375 90,756 88,231 75,890 67,601 62,021 58,139 54,221 47,057] 35,517] 33,254 ~{ 87 48,535 43,611 41,638 35,844 51,898 29,433 27,944 26,601] 22,794| 16,107] 14,340 -|68 4 52,838 47,145 46,593 40,046 35,703 32,568 30,195 27,620) 24,263] 19,210 18,914 -| 69 Y oH hgh & F § RE I ERS pic) Ba : INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS ) TABLE 4.—POPULATION BY AGE AND SEX: @Enumerated population is shown for most recent census and Indicated by letter C; o ° = . . 3 ° Bouitry, veer; aid sox am Under 1 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 3 ages year years years years years years Norway: . EN 1 1640* (B. Mean)..............Both sexes. 2,945,219 45,800 167,007] © 206,559 236,206 279,706] 274,650) 2 Male.......] 1.445.066 23,491 85,285 105,568 120,276] 142.258) 139 444 : 3 Female.....{ 1,500,155 22,399) g1.722 100,991 115.9 137,448 > s 1930 (Ce Dec. 1)urvseerss.eoBoth sexes. 2.814.194 46,203 191,368 279.040 Bales Booey aes 5 Male.......d 1,371,919 25,687| 97,609 142,058 145,148 137,181 121.981 pe? Pers Femzle.....d 1,442,275 R2,516 93,759] 136,982 139,790) 132,911 124,006 3 28 7 1840%° (C. June 9)...........Both sexes. 6,207,967 219,483| 741,498 923,111 728,075 588,855) 531,210 2 Yale..oo... 3,067,868 111,039 374,881 467,873 382,838] 296,030| 263,895 Pokants Female...... 3,140,099 || 108,444| 366,617 455,238 345,257] 292,825 267,315 : 2 1951 (C. Dec. 9)eusvevs.s.. Both sexes. 32,107,252 785,844 3,196,250 3,966,815| 2,777,185| 3,085,997| 3,221,124 L 38,938,575 401,520 1,618,722 2,005,113 1,404,785| 1,473,705| 1,513,733 Portagai® (oe. Tehinted: ,488, 1,577,528 1,961,702 1,372,400 1,562,292 1,707,391 1 1940 (C. Dec. 12)eevec.ven...Both sexes..| 7,722,152 157,268 | 671,873 835,721 803,356] 748,482| 630,682 i Mele... nnn 3,731,748 82,148 342,909 426,760 408,344 373,088] 314,829 328,964 LA Russia (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics): re : ? Sonype BSB,0IR). 75,554] . “515,855 - 1 1939 (C. Jan. 10s eennrsnny Both sexes. .[>'170,467,186 || — °51,412,252 —— | %%16,409,098 | *13,336,151 15,124,176(30,639,041 A 18 Femelesoeoss —— ie es —— a ri bl 7 Scotland; _ 5 19 1941°° (E. Mean)..coeeeeen. .Both sexes..| 4,819,400 84,000| 334,700 40,200 419,700| —— 712,000 ——— 20 Ueleieeoress 2,161,200 42,800| 170,800 ,100 211,200] —— 286,400 21 Femsle......| 2,658,200 41,200 163,900 202,100 208,500 425,600 j 22 1931 (Co APFs 26)esessescss. Both sexes..| 4,842,980 86,134| 337,212 455,713 425,815] 439,202| 421,577 i 23 Maleseooooas 2,325,523 43,579| 170,019 229,401 214,547| 219,162| 205,792 24 Femalesessss| 2,517,457 42,555 167,193 226,312 211,268) 220,130 215,785 i Spain (inc. Islands): 25 1930 (C. DeCs 31)esecvesssss Both sexes..| 23,563,867 502,623 | 2,093,364| 2,574,604] 2,282,244] 2,179,489 2,123,882 26 11,498,301 256,908| 1,060,993| 1,307,949 1,148,584 1,075,849| 1,051,130 27 : 12,065,566 245,715 1,032,371 1,266,655| 1,133,660| 1,103,640| 1,092,752 Sweden: oh, 28 1940 (C. Deco 31l)seecesscsessBoth sexes..| 6,371,432 92,494| 352,701 409,228 446,791| 519,959| 538,341 29 Male.oooaoos| 3,160,128 47,338| 179,841 208,833 227,012| 204,476] 273,451 30 Femalese.sss 3,211,304 45,158 172,860 200, 395 219,779| 255,483] 264,890 Ny: 51 1935 (Co DeCo 31)esoosneseas.Both sexes..| 6,250,506 82,193 | 330,457 448,431 522,835| 543,635 550,591 32 Malesoooosss| 3,090,451 42,224| 168,568 227,879 266,052| 277,116] 280,088 33 Female......| 3,160,055 39,969! 161,889 220,552 256,783] 266,519] 270,503 - | Switzerland: 13 i 34 1941 (Co DeCe 1)essesecsssssBoth sexes..| 4,265,703 ||——— 305,571 313,852 324,340 340,370| = 325,941 35 Wal€srsovens| | 2,000,402{|—— 356,225 = 159,579 164,330] 171,569| 163,216 36 Female......| 2,205,301 ||——— 150,338 —— 154,273 160,010 168,801 162,725 Union of South Africa (Europeans): 37 1941 (Co May 8)seceoesessoss Both sexes..| 2,102,200 | #£50,600| ##191,600 210,600 | #%213,100| 199,300| 193,000 38 Male....... 1,109,300 25,800] 97,300 107,100 108,500 101,300 26,000 39 Female.o...o 1,082,900 24,700| 94,400 103,500 104,500 96,000] 95,000 40 2956) (C. May Eien vessvinsseaBObh soxemny 2I00S.857 44,854] 165,844 212,208 201,699) 193,094] 189,132 1] Malesesseoos 1,017,874 22,945 84,175 106,193 102,596 97,864 94,870 42 Female.....d 985,983 21,009| £1,469 104,015 99,103 95,230 94,462 United States: : | 43 1940 (Co APTe 1)eceeeesess..Both sexes..| 131,669,275 || 2,020,174 8,521,350| 10,684,622| 11,745,935|12,333,523|11,587,835 44 Male........ 66,081,502 || 1,026,800| 4,328,008] 5,418,823 5,952,320| 6,180,153 5,692,392 45 Female..... 65,607,683 903,374| 4,193,342| 5,265,799| 5,793,606| 6,153,370 5,895,443 Venezuela (ex. tribal Indians): 5 o 45 1941 (C. DeCe 7)evecesecceessssBoth sexes. J 3,850,771 128,325 449,668 522,646 473,152 402,521 ©694,940) 47 Male.......d 1,908,545 84,057| 227,516 266,753 246,333 190,892] ©337,021 © 48 Female..... 1,942,226 63,368] 272,152 255,893 226,819] 211,620] °©357,919 *Provisional. *¥Because of rounding in source material, totals do not equal the sum of their constituent parts. 4 Data include armed forces, irrespective of location. NE “Data are for habitually resident (de Jur e) population, excluding conscripted military end labor forces, in Austrian territory and a few Sudeten districts. 2Under 6 years of age. 56-9 years of age. A 510-13 years of age. ,14-19 years of age. : Excludes data for 41 communes of Eupen, Melmédy, and Moresnet, not under Belgian administration. ¥ Data are de facto (present in area) population, 920-29 years of age age. ¢ 19Territory of 1939, defined by Treaty of Neuilly, signed, Nov. 27, 1919. 11Bohemia and Yor-via represent aphroximately 50 percent of the Foration cf the original Czechoslovak Republic which included in ‘addition, the Sudetenlani, Czecho-Silesia, Slovakia, and Subcarpathian Ruthenia (Subcarpathia). Data are derived from a house- & hold register of ermanensly present civilian population. y 12pata exclude armed forces. 1%Data are ge jure (legal or resident) population: 14Data are for 87 departments only, excluding 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. > Data are for habitually resident (de jure) pcpulation in the Altreich, fustria, and Sudetenland. Data are for the Altreich, i. e., territory of 1937, including the Saar. \ 17Data are for the Trianon Territory, Northern and Sontheon Territories, Subcarpathia, and Transylvania. 289Census as of Jan. 31, 1941, excevot for the Southern Territories which were enumerated Oct. 10, 1941, i } B ~ TT TRS TR Sr TN FES ETH POPULATION : 20 x 38 SPECIFIED COUNTKIES, SELECTED YEARS—Continued- ST ¥ estimate 1s shown when recent census figures are not available and indlcated by letter E) : ; £0 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-62 70-74 75 years Not jet years years years years years years years years years years and over stated 3 J / A : 269,726 234,562 218,217 203,243 175,627 147,845 125,909 114,764 90,638 69,317 95,353 - 1 131,241 115,652 105,093 98,129 84,909 69,724 58,232 53,358 41,590 30,655 40,161 - 2 3 128,485 118,910 113,124 105,114 90,718 78,12) 67,677 61,406 49,048 58,662 55,192 - 3 207,988 R13,977 186,951 159,457 138,240 130,862 110,303 93,689 81,703 64,961 86,431 3 2,034 4 < 110,229 103,523 91,062 75,798 64,369 61,596 61,705 42,825 36,453 28,797 36,907 1,021} 5 117,759 110,454 95,889 83,659 73,871 69,266 58,598 50,864 45,250 36,164 49,524 1,013] 6 481,192 385,331 372,726 277,709 R4%,151 179,349 138,871 120,595 82,892 68,362 114,587 1,970] 7 BEG . R26,619 190,997 178,642 136,775 118,050 84,882 65,349 57,478 36,415 R7,932 47,308 865 8 : ns 254,573 194,334 194,084 140,934 124,101 94,467 73,522 73,117 46,477 40,430 67,879 1,105( © \ ?,922,892| 2,364,037| 1,870,%81| 1,600,107| 1,386,764 1,209,661| 1,043,131 916,011| 711,843 469,671 390,522 £0219,117 10 2 1,416,906 | 1,119,394 879,679 ‘741,516 649,787 557,745 495,957 419,839 333,184) 12,325 173,233 20204,032 11 \ 1,505,986| 1,264,643 990,602 858,591 736,977 651,916 | = 549,174 496,172 378,659| 57,346 217,289 15,085|12 608,886 556,636 495,900 422,388 375,181 346,166 285,422 262,328 194,270| 140,144| 163,878 R%,571 13" . R97,457 267,017 250,164 194,495 170,842 154,011 125,538 114,083 82,026 57,148 60,253 10,655| 14 311,429 289,619 R65,736 227,893 204,339 192,155 159,884 148,265] 112,244 82,996| 103,625 12,916|15 —_— —R5,532,993 — | — 15,235,864 10,867,408 | rrr—— 1,120,000 ————————— 32,874|16 —_—— | ——— —— —— ——— — -—l17 _—_— | —_——_— | — —_— —_— ---18 & — $89,500 — 680,500 — | — 569,100 — | — 476,700 —— | — 318,500 124,500 -112 Le rm £71 3 700 +r | simprememie 500 S00 =r’ 1 seer BE) (SOL) Smrmmtmmmsnnio' {msm 219,300 ~——— | — 146,300 47,500 -|20 § 417,800 378,000 rr 54, 800 TT TT 287,400 172,200 77,000 -|21 % 389,033 349,495 316,154 292,243 280,583 266,533 238,021 181,771] 148,808 106,185 98,251 160| 22 186,546 162,247 143,892 134,474 129,889 126,699 115,547 91,681 68,115 46,008 37,837 90(R3 R0R,487 187,248 172,262 157,769 150,694 159,834 122,474 100,090 80,693 60,179 60,414 70(24 1,811,063) 1,645,162| 1,424,731 | 1,347,858| 1,155,666 1,109,609 900,640 828,095 601,563 425,636) 410,546 47,0025 LINN 926,928 797,797 682,571 653,070 556,031 528,627 422,822 384,194 280,773 191,768 168,463 23,844| 26 { 984,135 847,365 742,160 694,788 599,635 580,982 477,818 443,901 320,790 33,868 242,083 23,248 27 545,075 544,485 498,212 452,580 405,730 366,831 320,844 279,046 | 221,534 160,050 217,531 : -|R8 1 276,491 R74,784 247,597 R73,063 197,238 176,573 154,683 134,193 | 105,474 73,500 95,581 -| 29 2 268,584 . 69,701 250,615 229,517 R08,492 190,258 166,161 144,853 | 116,060 86,550 121,950 -| 30 549,785 503,915 459,269 415,021 379,499 337,491 301,323 R50,379| 196,266| 170,777 208,639 -|31 R77,581 250,203 26,359 201,859 182,972 163,506 145,878 120,282 91,066 77,354 91,464 -|32 272,204 253,712 232,910 R13,162 196,527 173,985 155,445 130,097 | 105,200 93,423 117,175 -| 33 334,919 359,318 345,081 318,199 276,479 241,252 220,172 196,171 | 156,563 | 103,692 104,783 -| 34 165,640 174,669 165,936 149,841 129,043 112,266 102,899 89,367 70,249 44,916 41,649 -| 35 V 169,279 184,649 179,145 168,358 147,436 128,966 117,273 105,804 3 86,314 58,776 63,134 ~-| 36 Xa ##191,000 184,500 | #%¢149,200 120,900 113,800 98,200 | #+€2,700| 471,000] ——— 122,000 — **800| 37 iL 95,800 93,100 75,500 59,300 56,500 48,900 42,200 37,400 ————— 62,500 ——— 400| 38 95,300 91,400 73,800 61,600 57,100 49,300 40,600 33,700 = 89,700 ree 300| 38 183,049 147,303 122,680 115,740 102,754 88,141 77,304 80,630 44,516 28,025 26,655 429(40 81,9359 74,499 80,367 57,540 51,524 45,424 41,597 33,079 R3,522 14,466 13,224 250|41. 91,110 72,804 62,313 58,200 51,230 42,717 35,707 R7,551 20,994 13,559 13,431 179(42 {a 11,096,638 (10,242,388| 9,545,377 | 8,787,843 | 8,255,225 | 7,256,846 | 5,843,865 | 4,728,340|3,806,657 [2,569,532 2,643,125 -(43 6,450,662 | 5,070,312| 4,745,659 | 4,419,135| 4,209,269| 3,752,750 | 3,011,364 | 2,397,816 1,896,088 (1,270,967 (1,239,065 . -|44 5,645,976 | 5,172,076| 4,799,718 | 4,368,708 4,045,956 | 3,504,096 | 2,832,501 | 2,330,524 (1,910,569 1,208,565|1,404,060 -| 45 — 466,747 — At 542,58 ————— | —— 1904 008 ——— 107,864 60,557 6,908 46 =| — 230,482 ——— | — 173,688 95,903 47,846 —_— 23,004 ——— 4,110(47 ! -——| = 236,265 —— | —— 168,847 98,005 60,018 -—— 37,513 2,798(48 pata are for the territory defired by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. ) 20ncludes Burma with an enumerated population as follows: total, 14,667,146; male, 7,490,601; female, 7,176,545, " 2lIncludes persons not enumerated according to age, as follows: total, 3,065,989; male, 1,616,528; female, 1,449,461, ’ 22jixcludes Burma which was separated from India, Amr. 1, 1937. The population is that of a registration area which includes almost 100 percent of the total British territory and 76 percent of India proper. 23Includes persons not enumerated according to age, as follows: total, 448,043; male, 230,406; female, 217,637. 4Rezister of population tsaken for the purpose of issuing ration books. 291935 and 1940 censuses were tabulated in Jestern age style; 1945 census reported age in Japanese style, necessituting adjustment. For method of adjustment used, see text, p. 6. 26 3xcludes Karafuto which became part of Japan proper, Aw, 1, 1943. Data apparently for Japanese civilian population, excluding armed forces and all Koreans, Formosans, and foreigners. 27Data are for Japanese only, i. e., excluding Koreans, Formosens, and foreigners. 28juta exclude armed forces ovsrseas. / 22 Data represent population actually enumerated. A total "census" figure of 7,023,111 wads derived by the addition of an estimate of 465,144 to account for unierenumeration and 350,000 for inaccessible jungle population. 30Includes 191,473 soldiers in barrzcks, whoge ages were not tabulated. 31Includes 948,059 inhabitants for whom dzta by age are not available. 32Under 7 years of age. 338-11 years of ag 3412-14 years of age. Source: Compiled from official yearbooks znd census revorte for each country, and from selected secondary sources. See complete bibliography on p. 238. a i a Sa EET ati TABLE 5. —ENUMERATED POPULATION (15 ms oF ACE AD oe) Bw (Most recent year shown 1s the last census year for which data in this table are ‘available. y Male (15 Yoivs and aver) ! Ep 3 : 5 Unknown i Total Single Married Widowed. Divorced Status of J { A xray wale neaina y 2,429,999) 1,015,651 1,294,084 97,246| 10,172] 12,846 1 Eb eh A ans SA es YE 2,594,617|| 947,296| 1,487,474 111,092] 48,755 5 E ise Riots why ye famine wd wn 2,434,430 958,881 1,310,083 108,329] 55,313| 1,824 stain Yay : 3,070,424] 999,011 1,899,253 156,830] 15,371 -9 i 1,951,971 473,897| 1,380,790 90,439 6,567 278 > aaa ss eas ta de be wa iad waar a 4,2744205|| 1,700,342] - 2,360,128 170,423| “42,703 609 a al rah Sakae 3,707,703| 1,517,437| 2,029,919 148,534 4,026) 7,787 | . 1,547,500| 749,638 785,421 69,781 52,660 fists y ] PEAR Lh ; 1,318,971|| 662,339 594,534 62,298| - - Pu v 23 ens ih Eu Sew 1,657,741(1,058,576 543,720 46,760 18,685) (7) i ) oe See shen nia ei seine sins Sait ns eee .| s,178,301|| 1,878,177 3,061,979) = 222,729 13,969| 1,447 rk (ex. Faroe Islands): J . OO dear ns sess ssn as tle vs ada sre nie 1,432,268] 486,596 839,808 66,904 “23,081| 15,879 Rise whe teats stain wun Seisle = x siniair's assaien 1,345,969| 494,353 766,255 64,007 $21,354] (°) Hiesivivinan savas san vies 2 aika as Fs de veiete te 1,240,480| 468,291 692,766 60,066 | “14, 308| = 5,051 : PROTA, LL evi ini an enss van at re pana ee . 4,536,704 1,242,873 5,098,244 129,272 60,056] 6,859 FORERRRTE isda avis a nle’e ns wen itisn ain euinainals 14,324,520 5,102,305| 8,489,813 718,856| 13,546 - : a 1 1 i Bh ss da isd ae ays he 395,526] 155,426 218,949 16,137 2,923| 2,091 £ BLA, a Sols baie v ivls # lnis Hara ie'e 1,394,905] 658,307 669,372 58,037 9,189 = asin alasive vis n ata gs cdle dn sins eset 1,886,785|| 645,217 579,411 £157,897 4,760 =A 3 1088... sas RITES le 14,654,234 4,026,874 9,525,676 860,003] 128,202] 113,479 Loy 1951, Sxtrassesasssra neh, aes Vs ieres ae 15,119,847) 4,607,025) 9,531,501 871,619| 109,702 - a CR HER 3 lie te wee sei ve 29,432,421) 9,470,721| 18,430,701| 1,217,799 513,200 = BREE ty EES eile we 23,888,285| 8,415,604| 14,311,140 978,541| 183,000 s A Eo rh aie ge aia 4a ae ye 2,041,713 800,811] 1,121,681 90,521 4,686| 24,014 > 4 i) % ALE Gane vel sala sais 921,433) 705,447 179,476 34,782 1,579 149 ngary: ‘ ; : . P1085 Ch VRS ARR 5,172,546( 1,713,627| 3,207,726 216,281 34,594 318 3,040,129{| 1,035,553| 1,860,064 125,711] ~ 18,801 84,298,489/115,646,982 | *°61,356,480| 207,295,027) (*) 1a 1,098,860 627,043 413,751 © 58,066 = - 1,104,021) ©27,264 418,092 58,665 - Io 14,442,918| 5,539,090 8,161,249 740,620 1,030 929 22,697,260] 7,945,626] 13,320,959] 201,450,675] (3!) = 21,840,005] 7,242,130 13,133,818] 1,18%,286| 294,861 Gis 20,495,367 6,613,297| 12,477,476 1,115,777| 288,817 = 665,843|| 246,366 386,465 26,457 5,828 727 fs 662,752| 265,883 362,664 26,381 3,585] 4,234 699,419| 318,942 343,735 27,445 3,289] 6,008 1,880,152] 2°951,206 928,946 {5 (7) Ga EE 3 504,832] 2€250,831 253,801 {7 (7) - Federated Malay States: ) ‘ 3 BABE co. ee al 766,907] 2©417,329 349,578 473 3 - Unfederated Yeisy States: : ; 1 2 1951. TREC DEIR eR ah Ties we ate ey 608,613| #°283,046 /3%5,567 (%) £7) - : See footnotes on p. 88. Fae RNs CIR | SEX AND MARITAL STATUS: 42 ee or SPECTFIED COUNTRY : = Type of population (de fact or de fure) specified when known. Unknown age 1s excluded) Lin ihe fe | a 5 iF 5, CENSUS YEARS BS = g : = 0 3 ¥ Female (15 years and over) I : ’ A il oat] : 3 y Country and years ok | y 2 Co Unknown f . y i . Total Single Married Widowed Divorced | oyatns al , J £5 Australia (ex. aboriginals): fr Bah 2,359,430| 823,630] 1,288,557 229,050] 10,802 7,341 1933 \ ¥ 2 RE > Austria: I 2,916,743] 981,222 1,482,014 390,177| 63,330 = 19391 2 : \ A { 2,715,107|| 965,635] 1,314,198 365,626] 67,568] 2,080 1934 hE Belgium: 3,162,344 922,990| 1,893,638 324,449] 21,249 18 1930 Bulgaria: ¥ 1,965,824 332,906 1,388,362 235,723 8,464 369 1934 Real » . Canada (ex. Yukon and Northwest Territorie: 4,022,508( 1,327,639] 2,289,457 353,929] “51,361 122 1941 ; Fi 5 3,375,041 1,148,338] 1,934,990 288,105 3,386 R22 1931 \ BR 4 ; : ; ! Chile: Eig 1,609,882| 677,631 744,174 183,066 55,011 2 1940 y SHIVA 1,374,695( 594,210 618,165 162,320 - = 1930. ef Cuba: %; 1,484,034 ©818,861 544,029 106,966] 14,178 (7) 19432 ‘ $b) Czechoslovakia:® Beis 5,662,454 | 1,723,660 3,119,212 796,407] 21,913] 1,262 1930 ; ¥ Denmark (ex. Faroe Islands): go 1,490,114 461,208 840,965 138,587 “435,235 14,119 1940 N arg 3 1,414,987] - 483,479 768,453 132,748] 4 30,307] (°) 1935 Gi 1,329,014 477,998 695,431 127,040| 422,306] 6,239 1930 SRE . Egypt:© 5 1 4,693,479|| 492,543] 3,171,095 929,449 96,848 3,544 19371 : ’ ; * England and Wales: eh . 16,107,859 5,702,375 8,603,598] 1,782,517] 19,169 = 1931 : vied i . h Estonia:® 5 467,650 157,285 218,534 85,057 4,5631 ' 2,211 1934 Fh Finland:1? $50 1,494,045 621,373 674,220 185,533 12,919 = 1940 a [#508 1,353,126 602,384 580,521 163,958 6,263 = 1930 ca Be A France:® } : 16,305,918|| 3,611,828] 9,529,208| 2,846,869] 197,518] 120,495 1936 16,647,632 || 4,103,582] 9,556,395 2,816,325 171,330 = 1931 % ; 2 Germany: FE 31,609,278] 8,928,208] 18,333,774| = 3,850,922| 496,374 = 193913 BA 25,988,066 || 8,333,358] 14,316,709 3,026,477| '311,522 - 193322 \ : Greece:® Eh 2,153,231| 607,128] 1,138,874 373,929 6,737| 26,563 1928 ais ! J : Guatemala: il \ 927,572 680,417 177,449 67,070 2,367 269 1940 ai Hungary: uy 5,443,275 || 1,335,137] 3,R44,659 799,103| = 64,194 180 194118 fy 3,256,423] 862,823] 1,8794210 476,139 38,251 = 19301° J ‘| India (British):? } PAE 79,187,500] 3,544,427|%°55,338,035|2°20,305,038] (3%) - 193118 \ Ireland (Eire): Pook 1,078,167| = 516,852 434,928 126,387 ~ Eo 194122 UE 1,044,005 492,633 424,622 128,750 - = 1936 > i Ttaly:*? ; 15,383,139] 5,081,698| 8,295,170 = 2,003,867 1,407 997 1936 iL! : Japan (proper): PE yy 23,217,013 || 5,769,666| 13,503,817| 203,943,530] (3%). = 194032 24 bt 21,868,886 | 4,943,928 13,173,491 3,357,601] 393,866 - 1935 SA | 0,375,373|f 4,326,911| 12,515,300| 3,150,041] 383,121 — 1930 fia RRR Latvia: a 799,852 258,532 390,905| 138,887| 10,754] 774 1935 79%,977| 281,409 367,334 132,316 6,857| 6,061 1930 Ke A y Lithuania: > FEY Be: 805,097 328,177 346,841 117,364 6,026] 6,689 1923 Fame RG Malaya:®S AAR aR 1,109,617 || 26302,649 806,968 7) (*) = 931 5 A Straits Settlements: ea mie 285,303) 287,169 196,634 (7) (7) - 1951 g : 35 : Federated Malay States: i 407,339 | 2°101,846 305,493 (2) (7) = 1931 : of 2 i Unfederated Malay States: bos i © 418,475|| 2%113,634 304,841 (7) %) 1931 ; Ww. L N I 7 Agee A Gin Sop vive Lh REN Sd Mh Si [ 1pata are for habitually resident ‘(de jure) population, excluding conscripted military and labor forces, in Austrian Territory and a few Sudeten districts. 2Data for population 14 years of age and over. 3Territory according to Treaty of Neuilly, signed, Nov. “Includes persons classified as legally separated. BStatus after annulment of marriage. ®Includes persons whose marital status is unknown. 7Included in single population. Spe facto (present in area) population. 9Tl cluded in divorced population. 10pata exclude nomad Arabs estimated at 12,000. 11lpata are ror population 16 years of age and over. 12pe jure (legal or resident) population. 13Data are 14Data are 18pata are 1pata are 17Includes Burma. 27, 1919. for habitually resident (de jue e) population in the Altreich, Austria, and Sudetenland. for habitually resident (de jure) population in Germany erolading the Saar. for the Trianon Territory, the Northern and Southern Territories, Subcarpathia, and Transylvania. for the territory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. ‘ 18pistribution excludes persons not enumerated according to marital status as follows: males, 230,406; females, 217,657. 88 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 5.—ENUMERATED POPULATION (15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER) BY SEX (Most recent year shown 1s the last census year for which data in this table are avallable. Male (15 years and over) Country and year Total Single Married Widowed Divorced genom Mexico: WOARRR hi vi see Sata re ve : 5,345,800|| 1,690,977| 2°3,418,846 220,609 12,268) 3,102 BOZ08T iv aah ide ASG Re a ; 4,624,768|| 1,492,417] 22,889,294 224,074 17,849] 1,332 Netherlands: EBB latinas mais sh het Seah Rd, Ee 2,704,825] 1,057,388] © 1,516,553 118,700] 12,152 32 New Zealand® (ex. Maoris): 836221 us aha einsisins ie Rae dara eek 540,586) 211,257 304,520 21,514 48.547 718 New Zealand® (Maoris): 2 i SEA an Cn 23,967 9,123 12,553 1,821 433% 137 Northern Ireland: EY OE Tee 5 sia ein a 00 sie is Winn 0 win winidie'e mids on suieie mieinind 446,442 R12,084 209,116 24,984 68 190 Norway: 1? DOB, oe vans hsain san sans Sle ried ad 962,396|l 432,146 473,326 50,744| 45,904 276 Palestine:2% BOB ea vvininnn Soins dts cies ne ahi va a en 291,609 99,046| °183,053 8,297 1,213 - Poland: AOB0.. aa rnd Ras svervnvarseaens) 2% 085 003 5,666,789] 5,909,197 370,813| 18,004 20,600 Portugal® (inc. Azores and Madeira Islands): 1920.4. us Sia at i 2,440,931) 1,004,406] 1,320,113 107,389| “8,968 55 En NT RRR, wine n a scams As etal 4 2,143,277] 870,687] 1,163,412 102,973 6,205 = Rumania: D208... as ten ra pase an a vals 6,006,205] 2,108,090| 3,601,114 261,123] 25,884| 9,994 ‘Russia (Union of Soviet Socialist Fepublics)s TooB. oa SL ies ine a ee wd hk vre.e... | 43,462,369|112,912,228| =28,462,822| 1,732,386| 207,348}147,585 Ukrainian S. S. BR; Eolas ix a sn ma Fe ia 8,659,395|| 2,636,678] 5,597,254 342,690 38,934] 43,839 Scotland: GOB Sl ale sates eat as aie 0 eu els sowie slurs Tre uta, 1,667,887 697,934 874,170 . 93,662 1,484 637 Spain? (inc. Balearic and Canary Islands): : . TEE0R3. LL, Salen sleet iad 7,775,846| 3,039,812| 4,272,348 445,346 -1 18,340 Sweden: » Oy de ie vil minis aes diate HH 2,497,104|f 1,017,277| 1,329,805 129,109| 20,913 % 2,385,728) 1,048,174 1,192,987 128,009 16,558 - 2,245,879] 1,003,274| 1,103,180 125,268] 12,157 = Tait BOANBBI, a hs 1,581,260) 619,341 873,642 66,524 21,453 - 1930. ic css vsivsns in 1,455,581 609,941 766,387 63,596 13,657 - Union of South Africa (Europeans): 1 O86. ec censoicrncensncnsearinsnisimamnsnrrnensioe 699, 715 R74,340 + 398,346 R0, 586 4,924 1,019 Union of South Africa (non-Buropeans): : 1936. ec vivinv» ie ieis ws nie eis ee RA wat Re 2,R68,695 969,915 1,229,308 60,647 6,350 R,475 United States: OIE a te sa ality wa nn ne a A ie Warn .. | 49,535,632]16,376,595| 30,191,087| 2,143,552| 624,398 = 1830.1 /c/veieisis Swaine elo a hee ine eb an a ma i we 43,829,205((14,937,850 ?6,310,9R1 2,022,546 488,667 | 69,221 Yugoslavia: ORT. ire re Bias 4,429,321{ 1,334,394] 2,845,262 230,579| 18,367 719 #Provisional. - A TRARY TT IE TRAE RR Gt ot OV Sl ERE IO re PNY a A iy ! I . \ ’ POPULATION 2 . ~ : * “ AND MARITAL STATUS: 42 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, CENSUS YEARS—Continued Type of population (de facto or de jure) specified when known. Unknown age is excluded) Female (15 years and over) Country and year Total Single Married Widowed Divorced | Unknown . : status fi ed Mexico; AR 6,227,745| 1,827,055| 2°3,583,795 782,161 30,274| 4,460 194077 gd 5,417,448|| 1,668,071 2°2,947,982 770,441 29,078 1,876 193027 oh Netherlands: { 4 2,799,040 1,043,172 1,520,715 216,456 18,692 5 1930 ; ! : New Zealand® (ex. Maoris): J 3 534,981 175,071 301,432 49,571 48,407 500 193611 ye New Zealand® (Maoris): 3 21,204 5,659 13,046 2,134 4276 89 1936 fg Northern Ireland; SAY 486,398 17,042 R15,003 54,167 82 104 1937 3 i . Norway: *? 8,418,559| 2,945,633 4,331,013 1,123,977 -| 17,936 1930°2 ; £3 Sweden ; : 3 2,573,114 955,289 1,332,679 251,594 33,552 - 1940 NAH ?,480,862|| 1,013,396 1,198,039 R43,438 25,989 - 1935 ) : A ?,372,913|| 1,003,124 1,110,405 239,822 19,562 - 1930 5 . Switzerland:*? » A 1,740,680 633,650 874,845 197,302 34,883 - 1941% 33 ; 1,614,428 £50,005 763,681 177,195 23,547 - 1930 ! Rit Union of South Africa (Buropeans): : rob 679,308] 213,288 397,105 62,232 5,976 707 1936 ) . re ' Union of South Africa (non-Buropesns): 1 jh 2,213,867 595,752 1,254,429 347,214 14,862| 1,610 1936 ; United States: ’ : £33 49,361,562|12,751,772] 30,087,135 5,700,092] 822,563 - 1940 20] 42,794,943|111,294,402| 6,155,530 4,728,398) 572,476| 44,137 1930 . Rec . Yugoslavia: f tid 4,677,685) 1,004,311 2,916,594 729,028 R7,441 311 1931 ie i 19Tncludes persons consensually married. A 2%7Tncludes divorced persons. ol 2lTncluded in widowed population. & ; 22pegister of population taken for the purpose of issuing ration books. 23pata are for Japanese only, i. e., excluding Koreans, Formosans, and foreigners. r 24pata include unknown ages. 2BExcludes nomadic population. A 28Tncludes widowed and divorced population. : A 27For males, data are ror population 16 years of age and over; for females » 14 years of age and over. | 28Tncludes persons consensually married as follows: males, 760,136; females, 849,586. | 2%Tncludes persons consensually married as follows: males, 663,093; females, 695,619. w 3%:cludes 191,473 soldiers in barracks, not enumerated by marital status. 3 : 3lpata are for population 13 years of age and over. ty 32Tncluding possessions on the north and west coast of Africa. The total population of the possessions So in Africa is as follows: both sexes, 113,927; male, 67,504; female, 46,423. 3350urce does not give marital status crossed with age, therefore total population under 15 years of age has \ A been arbitrarily subtracted from single population, and for Spain unknown ages remain in the distribution. ; A Source: Compiled from official yearbooks and census reports for each country and from selected secondary BX sources. See complete bibliography on p. 238. 3 Er \y wf i kad Mir vo, Ws FOR AND MARITAL STATUS: IED COUNTRIES de jure) specified when known. Unknown marital status has been distributed proportionately. Unknown ge x 7 A A AL Female (15 years and over) 1 ii - y Country and year Ais te Total Single Married Widowed | Divorced . # ; : - Lithuania: : Se I ¥ 100.0 41.1 43.4 14.7 0.8 1923 ? med then elisraagl : : Malaya:® : Be iy 100.0 2109.5, 78.7 (2%) (2F) 1931 oe SETA i . Straits Settlements: vr EE i 100.0 2250.7.) 69.3 (2%) (2%) 1931 : as aR \ i : Federated Malay States: Hay 100.0 2195.0 75.0 (225 (Z2) 1931 . i A ‘ Unfederated Malay States: Gk 1100.0 2297.2 92,8. i(22) wis (22) 1931 J ge i Mexico: wir 100.0 29.4 185048 12.6 0.5 1940723 3 100.0 30.8 2554.4 14.2 0.5 193022 y Sea Netherlands: x 100.0 37.3 . 54.3 7.7 0.7 1930 - — New Zealand” (ex. Maoris) 100.9 32.8 56.4 9.3 21.6 1936° ! i . New, Zealand? (Maoris); © 100.0 26.8 61.8 10:1 21.3 1936 ES a AE ” Northern Ireland: ! 100.0 44.6 44.2 11.1 0.0 1937 : : Norway: *© § 100.0 ? 43.2 45.4 10.57 40.9 1930 ; : Palestine:® 100.0 16.3 2955.2 17.3 0.8 100.0 32.0 54.1 15.7. 0.3 100.0 38.0 48.9 12.7 20/5 100.0 38.61" 48.3 12.84 0.4 100.0 26.8 57.2 15.1 0.8 193024 Th ; ; ‘Russia (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 100.0 23.0 59.5 16.4 > 1.1 1926 5 Lx te : : : : A Ukrainian S. S. Ret.’ 100.0 R5.2 58.8 15.1 1.0, 1926 : - Scotland: 100.0 41.5 47.5 10.9 0.1 1931 : Spain®® (inc. Balearic and Canary Islands): 100.0 25.1 51.6 15.4 0 195078. . 5 REA ; Sweden: % 5 300.0 37.1 51.8 9.8 1.3 1940 100.0 40.8 48.3 9.8 1.0 1935 100.0 42.3 46.8 10.1. 0.8 1930 Switzerland: © 100.0 186.4 50.5 11.3 2.0 1941% 28 100.0 40.3 47.3 11.0 1:8 1930 » ; Union of South Africa (Europeans): 100.0 31.4 58.5 % 2 0 0.9 1936 Lae ! x Union of South Africa (non-Europeans): ER 100.0 «06.9 56.7 15.7 wi 0.7 1936, : Ys ir . : United States: ; Barge GG = 300.0, 25.8 61.0 11.5 1.7 1940 : Al oo. 26.4 61.2 111 1.3 | 1930 Ee : Yugoslavia: : 5 A 100.0 21.5 62.4 1.5.6 0.6 1931 4 ie “Data are for territory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. © 18ncludes Burma. © 1SIncludes persons consensually married. “Includes divorced persons. ®Included in widowed populat di LA, pata are for Japanese only, i. e., excluding Koreans, Formosans, and foreigners. PE 2 : BER *®pata include unknown ages. 2 Includes widowed and divorced population. 22Included in single pop ior 23For males, data are for population 16 years of age and. over; for females, 14 years of age and 24Data are for population 13 years of age and over.?%Including possessions on the north and west coast 283ource does not give marital status crossed with age;therefore total population under 15 years of age h been arbitrarily subtracted from single population, and for Spain, unknown ages renain in distr ; \ ~ Couputed fron data in table 5 » Dv. B86. | 40-49 [50 years | 5 ar 5 er vik iw 41.8 || 15.7 256.5 Vie 0.00 52.5 5 na | ; 24.3 9 | t 1.8 Yukon and N. W. Terr.): : Erle sleieieiviaiunlie wate piu in ea 0 4 39.8 Ni engels 7, é > Yl / at 42.7 ach {tg 18.150 ST EINE HI 4.6 8.0 | 1.4 9.9 2.950 | years | 50 years | and over Australia (ex. avoriginals): 1933 \ g Austria:? 1959 | Belgium: 1930 Bulgaria 1934 : Canada (inc. Yukon 1941 Ceylon: 1921 Chile: 1940 Cuba: 5.2 10458 Czechoslovakias 1930 1940 Egypt:”? ©1937 ak England and Wales: 1931 : Estonia:® 1934 'Finland:1© 1940 France:® 1% 1936 Germany: 1939 Greece:® 1928 Hungary: 13 vo 194K India (British):* 1931 SF 12 Ireland (Eire): 1941 ! 1936 Ls Cini Italys*© . 1936 ; Japan (proper): 1935 Latvia: 1935 Lithuania: -1923 Malaya:” i) Straiss JSetilenentsy 193120 f Federated Malay Stat, 193118 Unfederated Malay Be 1935128 Netherlands: 1930 New Zealand® (ex. taorsa) 1936 New Zealand® (sors): ; 1938 Northern Ireland: 19872 a A Norway; © 1930 Palestine:” 1931 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS 96 : TABLE 7.—PERCiNT OF SINGLE POPULATION IN EACH AGE GROUP 15 YEARS AND (Year shown 1s last census year for which data in this table are avallable. i Male Country and year Total A . ? (15 years|| 15-19 | 20-24 25-29 50-54 55-59 40-49 | 50 years and over) || Years years years years years years and over Poland: . OB evscnssnse rvs ernsse nin anneay 36.7 98.8 82.8 41.0 15.4 8.2 5.0 R.9 Portugal® (inc. Islands): ; G20. ve sisisie vs sivinis vines envnnnne ven 41.1 99.5 84.6 47.5 7.3 19.X 13.4 10.1 Russia (Union of Soviet Socialist J Republics): ; BOBO ein ie Teieiaie vinivre sinin's wince oiaieiib winion) 29.7 94.9 51.0 17.5 7.2 4.1 2.7 1.9 Scotland: > HOB idles vanisisin seis sins vondsiraisn enn 41.8 99.6 88.1 56.4 30.6 20.1 16.7 14.4 Spain (inc. Islands): BOP eve piim visitas st uve vain sinnteiwis 240.0 1699.5 1785.9 1839.4 1918.9 2011.9 215.3 225.5 Sweden : ” 1940... +» ea'sin vive eeine oss .e 40.7 99.9 91.5 #59. 1], 35.3 R5.3 18.4 13.9 Switzerland: : # 1930.44 « le fo 19 41 oat fe Son wie ner 42.0 99.9 L 93.1 59.7 30.5 19.2 15.5 12.6 Union of South Africa {Bropeanc): : T1986. cuvis aviciaieieinnlels sain opie ime 39.2 99.7 85.6 48.7 4.2 14.3 9.5 8.2 Union of South Africa tr, Barapa); : 3 1056 cn vivinianie nisi nicians ve vaie divine sisal 42.8 98.3 80.1 48.5 R7.3 27.2 10.3 5.7 United States: 1940. ies es einievnsnissvinssnsanes edwininreis 33.2 28.3 72.2 36.0 20.7 15.3 11.9 10.5 Yugoslavia: . LOB) igieivininie o.agie's vu nsjoie wait ve nininis 30.1 92.0 60.5 26.6 12.8 8.3 5.6 3.7 1Data are for habitually resident (de jure) population, excluding conscripted military and labor forces, in Austrian territory and a few Sudeten districts. 2Population 14 years of age and over. 314-19 years of age. “Territory according to Treaty of Neuilly signed, Nov. 27, 1919. Spata include persons whose marital status is unknown. ®pe facto (present in area) population. 7Data exclude the nomadic population. 8population 16 years of age and over. 916-19. years of age. 10pe jure (legal or resident) population. Data include persons whose age and marital status are unknown. 12pata are for habitually resident (de jure) population in the Altreich, Austria, and Sudetenland. » POPULATION : 97, OVER, BY SEX: 40 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, LATEST CENSUS YEAR—Continued Type of population (de facto or de jure) specified when known. Unknown age excluded) Female N Total 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-49 | 50 years Country and year fs nik years years years years years years and over Poland: 31.9 93.5 60.8 3043 17.1 1R.4 8. 5.5 1931 Portugal® (inc. Islands): 38.0 96.4 6846 40,44 R843 RR.4 19.1 16.5 1940 . Russia (Union of Soviet Socialist : . Republics): RR.9 8641 R77 8e9 543 349 3e7 3e3 196 Scotland: 41.5 97.8 77.0 4945 3R.4 R642 RR.5 21.1 1931 . Spain (inc. Islands): 236.6. *%0740. | *762.37]' 3%51,5| Fym.6 (1 20143 if Rn 0 22g 8 (7. «1920 Sweden: 37.1 9861 71e6 3944 27.2 R4.6 R2.7 21.1 1940 Switzerland :1° 4043 99,3 8.4 48.0 30.0 4,1 19.9 » 17. 1930 Union of South Africa (Europeans): 31.4 93.1 57.6 R9,6 17.7 12.9 9.1 |. 8.0 1936 ; Union of South Africa(non-Europeans): 2649 90.8 44.2 18.4 eR 5.7 3e7 340 1936 United States: R5.8 88,1 47,2 22.8 14.7 11.2 9.1 9.0 1940 Yugoslavia: R1.5 81.8 34,9 14.9 9.2 7.6 5.3 346 1931 13pata are for Trianon Territory, the Northern and Southern Territories, Subcarpathia, and Transylvania. 14Tncludes Burma. . 15Data include widowed and divorced persons. 1814-20 years of age. 1721-25 years of age. 1826-30 years of age. 1931.35 years of age. 236.40 years of age. 2141.50 years of age. 225] years of age and over. Source: Compiled from official yearbooks and census reports for each country, and from selected secondary sources. See complete bibliography on p. 238. Percentages computed, in general, with reference to data from table 4. wt dak ; 0 po A 84 5 3 ‘ ep xezusive of sutra) ay ios Ria ¥ ogy X i £ 4 ; , SA hy » 1937 1933 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 ana vs ae a Wa 694,086 | 704,376 696,746 697,700 695,016 658,324 = re of South Africa: : "hs Crass 50,878 52,065 53,517 54,439 54,569 56,143 58,765 61,253 66,098 65,842 70,203 70, 731 73,856 74,003 76,729 %75,866 \ ..| 2287,282| 325,412 329,393 | 3322,454 340,339 338,199 358,977 42 Argentina (ex. terr. in 2256,419 | 294,102 296,574 3285, 618 303,775 297,898 318,895 | #339,794 olivia® NI evi) O8pa nny $57, 436 S53, 479 69,425 98,836 115,524 117,812) 114,813 anyone "822,050 | ®527,275 — — os [iF a Br SY end cities Be 119,579 | 121,964 152,235 133,102 | %129,713 | 137, 622 #143,374 | %151,218' i (ex. Yukon and : oniymast Terre). ss. 220,235 | 229,446 229,468 244,316 255,317 272,313 283,580 284,220 . R94 302 297 324 388 465 502 — gly. anhys ahs 5 153,354 | 154,927 163,589 166, 593 165,004 | 170,222 172,095 174,864 en ars aie ie ; 262,762 | 279,985| 280,577 292,553 304,01 314,628 316,091 319,7R4 Colombial® (ex. torr. Ye 260,579 | 277,531 278,593 288,144 299,306 310,052 307,261 314,999 OBE RACH. x oa ivsis seo visn's 25,624 26,839 27,027 28,004 28,823 28,263 30,468 29,935 a 100,672 | 111,825] . 69,492 82,852 78,310 es Se aids 55,055 | - 42,464 52,768 11323, 222 11557 344 1172,633 | *1%126,117 1267, 455 dor, ti. asy 110,245 | . 113,282 118,053| 116,975 116,554 117,164 122,514 125,170 531vador. seve isives 65,527 69,608 71,694 74,637 72,376 71,414 71,554 72,590 EMEA ivan sss sisisne 496, 981 | 498,906 102,880 106,998 | 103,688 107,519 112,408 111,324 EL ae be ener 49,007 40,103 47,950 45,621 46,935 44,805 58,688 62,821 r Peles sy brad 38, 291 1436, 348 40,802 41,401 41,481 43,743 41,803 43,954 LU CO AE oe 826,307 829, 1651 865,081 875,471 878,935 940,067 963,317 958,119 i caray ete vid 30,879 32,083 31,419 32,860 32,882 33,940 31,678 36,164 Panama (ex. Indians).... 19,733 24,302 15,328 57,847 am een 23,149 —— Boies ois de 36,140 34,800 34,669 37,081 34,317 mtn A i 1,15) — 12,350 13,482 13,824 13,271 19, 652 eri 4 eru (ex. jungle pop.).. | 1°189,463 | *5186,529| 167,735 165,780 159,700 | . 174,336 181,348 | = 192,553" ed Jeeteni.. vee... | 2,203,337 | 2,286,962 | 2,265,588| 2,360,399 | 2,513,427 | 2,808,996 2,934,860 | 2,794,800 a guay. aise 41,337 41,701 42,862 42,893 44,287 42,670 = Ld enezuela (ex. Inditms).. 114,942 | 118,473 129,482 133,394 134,384 | 139,382 145,329 147,207 < 1 ‘ § ASIA rma (reg. area)....... 418,085 | 418,602 427,738 — rch Es s2o — ¥ COyLOn. + ouuerennennnns 216,072 | 208,389 212,111 212,980 219,864 221,064 248,820 232,827 A CEOren). ss vvisssns 643,498 | %792,975 pat ro go Hl Fenner it iL (British)..... 9,388,457 | 9,398,011 | 9,346,145| 9,283,832 | 9,425,671 | 8,714,555 2 pe Japan proper) *° veveeae. | 2,280,734 | 1,928,321 | 1,901,573| 2,115,867 | 2,277,283 | 2,233,660 (2,253,555 [-°2,156,850 MalayaO..oueesuasss ns 192,328 | 215,991 223,898 201,574 HI — ee — Straits Settlements?©.. 52,494 56,735 61,011 58,055 iii — —-— Cy Federated Malay States. 74,196 82,946 87,041 86,174 —— — — —— Unfederated Malay Sts.. 65,638 76,310 75,8486 77,345 — —— — —— Vetherlands E. Indies: Java and Madura........ | 1,289,659 | 1,268,300| 1,381,828 31,352,356 —— — _— SE aber Tov lguopenis). 1,493 © 1,598 1,716 Te im ~ =e : adi oh 54,749 53,930 53,353 56,571 57,379 56,415 68,820 73,055 ETE. vasa es bene 86,242 93,812 138,826 146,148 | 2%143,020 | 2%122,071| 2°127,829 er ur isla» wien wine aie | 11128,896 1 © 153, 610 130,019 | 2%*112,497 24100) 616 24103, 603 24125 349 | 2%127,122 garia®®....... oe oe 150,771 | 14%,415 134,833 140, 564 136,037 141,792 138,009 | 139,007 100,761 |, 103,642 107,122 120,036 122,606 130,538| 150,414 EE D ermark (ex. Faroe Is. *r 67,440" 68,463 67,914 70,121 71,306 79, 545 84,346 90,639 35 2s 610,557 | 621,204 619,352 607,029 587,228 | %654,039 %683, 212 | 744,843 isd 118,190 | = 18,453 18,475 18,407 19,574 (ey (28) (28y ' SR, aie "72,319 76,695 78,164 65,849 89, 565 61,672 76,112 79,446 Re hdd 618,071 | 612,248 612,395 29536, 567 29495, 419 | 2°545,698(3%° #589, 301. [3° #600, 449 HE shiv 1,277,046 1,548,554 | 1,415,250] 1,402,258 1,508, »282 | 1,055,915 *1,124, 718 La selina . 183,878 | 184,509 176,567 284,429 268,173 323,104 329,542 sez ia 182,449 | = 182,206 178,633 185,562 177,047 187,187 #173,300 598,700 Le 2,397 2,374 2,363 2,480 2.658 3,048 3,290 3,188 Ireland (Eire)......... 56,488 56,925 56,070| . 56,594 56,780 66,117 64,375 85,425 ya ha ’ 991,867 | 1,037,180 1,040,213| 1,046,479 937,546 | %926,083 38487, 696 | 2©%860,323 NATALITY TABLE 8.—NUMBER OF BIRTHS REPORTED: 64 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1937-1944—Continued (Exclusive of stillbirths) 99 Country 1937 1938 yes 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 / EIJROPE—Continued LAVInB2 ivy, eaeainals 34,863 36,386 36,9352 #36,298 57,125 id 28% (22) Lithuania®® 2%, .......v0 56,393 57,951 | ' 3754,184 3%67,619 (28) (22) (23) (22) Malta and GOZO....ceoess 8,879 8,704 8,930 8,808 7,352 6,768 8,452 | ad NetherlandS.......... We 170,220] 178,422 180,917 184,846 181,959 189,975) %R09,270| #219,727 Northern Ireland........ 25,412 25,742 25,240 25,363 26,887 29,645| 31,521 30,900 NOYWEY os vx vas viv iiins anes 43,808 45,319 46,603 #47,943 45,773 #52,414 #57,004 #59,326 Poland. sv ihe ss inn nsanee 856,064 849,873 — Ai 3990,644 | 2°102,663 3°94. 499 ad Portugal (inc. Islands). 198,127| 199,467 198,888 187,892 184,336 187,503 198,101 201,373 RUKBALA. vs oie sisi sia vainn ia 601,310 585,423 563,763 | %°352,528| %9312,976| 4%411,389( “395,800 dn Beob1and. sus ives sisi 87,810 88,627 86,899 86,403 89,743 90,697 94,682 95,941 Spain? (inc. Islands)... 565,801| 506,120 419,848 627,757 507,776 527,703| 602,982 | #598,531 SWEdeTtss css ie’ ssnen Sees 90,373 | 93,946 97,380 95,778 99,727 113,961 125,392 | #133,167 SWitzerland. ....eennn.. . 62,480 63,790 63,837 64,115 71,926 78,875 83,049 85,627 Yugoslavid. ees vines i 424,448] #411,381| 403,938 == — —c re Sore BEUROPE-ASTA Russia (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics).. £32) (22) PAL — Fa iid ro EL OCEANIA Sustralia®®,. ... 000. = 119,131| 120,415 122,891 126,347 134,525 136,708 149,295 153,344 New Zealand (ex.Maoris). 26,014 27,249 28,833 32,771 35,100 33,574 30,311 33,599 New Zealand (Maoris).... 3,971 3,693 4,116 4,265 4,134 4,330 4,440 tod See footnotes on p. 100. EE i io wy \ : INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS | Footnotes for table 8 *Provisional. lRegistration is admittedly irregular and incomplete. 2Excludes data for Province of Santa Fe with a population of 1,499,833. 3pxcludes data for Province of Santiago del Estero witha population of 496,527 “Data exclude, in addition to stillbirths, infants born alive but dying before registration of birth. \ BFor 6 months only, Jan. through June. ®Excludes data for department of Pando. f 7Excludes data for States of Goiaz, Rio Grande do Norte, and Territory of Acre with combined population of 1,693,110. ®Excludes data for State of Goiaz with population of 793,125. io de Janeiro (D.F.) and State capitals. 10Data are number of baptisms as recorded in parish registers. 11T/cludes delayed registrations. 12For 11 months only, Jan. through Nov. 13por 1937, data are for year ending July 31; for 1938-1944, year ending June 30. > 14For 11 months only, Aug. 1937 through June 1938. | 18Tncludes 25 biodemographic districts in which there are established hospitals, health centers, dis- pensaries, or health units which are under supervision of public health authorities. 26Tncludes stillbirths. 1! | { b x 327Data are for a registration area which includes almost 100 percent of total British territory and 76 ; percent of India proper. Births estimated for whole of India, including Indian States, are as follows: % 1937. .... 12,564,875 1941..... 13,086,934 Ae 1938....+ 12,585,068 } 1942..... 13,237,686 RE 1939...» 12,522,980 1943..... 13,388,438 | ; 1940..... 12,446,803 1944..%.. 15,559,190 | 7 18por 1939-1944, data are for Japanese only. 4 19 Excludes data for Karafuto which became part of Japan proper, Apr. 1, 1943. po 2OFxcludes data for Cocos—Keeling Islands with population of 1,142 in 1931. . ®XNative only. er 22pata for "settled" population, excluding nomadic Beduins numbering 66,553 at 1931 census. . del 23Tncludes data for a few Sudeten districts. 24fxcludes data for 41 communes of Eupen, Malmédy, and Moresnet, not under Belgian administration. Population of these communes estimated at 88,090 in 1939. 2Sporritory of 1939, defined by Treaty of Neuilly, signed, Nov. 27, 1919. _ 2%Bohemia and Moravia represent approximately 50 percent of the population of the original Czechoslovak Republic which included in addition, Sudetenland, Czecho-Silesia, Slovakia, and Subcarpathian Ruthenia p= (Subcarpathia).German nationals are excluded bem nring with 1938. 5 : 27Births registered. Prior to 1939 difference between actual and registered births not significant, but RB with advent of rationing,ratio of occurrences to registrations was 0.9721. Births which occurred in 1939, 1940,and 1941 numbered 614,479, 590,120, and 579,091, respectively. 2®gstonia, Latvia, and Lithuania becene Soviet Socialist Repatiics on Aug. 3, 1940. 2%For 87 departments only, excluding 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. 30For 86 departments only, excluding Corsica and 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. 31pata are for Altreich, i. e., territory of 1937, including the Saar. Births in the Grossreich, , i including Austria, Sudetenland, Memel, and Danzig, are as follows: 80 1939..... 1,639,126 1942..... 1,238,869 ad 1940..... 1,645,691 1943.....%1,318,091 1941..... 1,528,137 32For 19 departments only, with population of 3,841,000 in 1940 and 3,791,000 in 1941. 33For 30 principal towns only, with population of 1,957,350 in 1942 and 1943. ' 347erritory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 36Excludes Venezia Giulia and Zara. 36nless otherwise specified, data are for territory of 1938, i. e., including Klaipeda (Memel) and excluding Vilnius. 37Excludes data for Klaipeda (Memed ) and Vilnius; Klaipeda was annexed by Germany, Mar. 21, 1939. Z Excludes data for Klaipeda (Memel) but includes Vilnius, returned to Lithuania, Aug. 1939. For "Wartheland" comprising mainly the 3 Provinces of Lodz, Kalisz, and Posnan in western Poland. : “CExcludes data for Bessarabia and the northern half of Bukovina ceded to U.S.S.R., Aug. 2, 1940; two-thirds of Transylvania ceded to Hungary, Aug. 30, 1940; and one-third of Dobrudja ceded to Bulgaria, Sept. 7, 1940. 41Tncludes data for Bessarabia and northern Bukovina replaced under Rumanian administration in July 1941, but excludes Transylvania and Dobrudja (see note 40 above). Ex 420fficial data not available but hypothetical number of births derived by Frank Lorimer (see Biblio- “ graphy, p« 262 ) is as follows: 1937, 6,542,000; 1938, 6,457,000. d _ “43Excludes aboriginals. : Source: Compiled from official yearbooks and vital statistics reports for each country, and from selected secondary sources. See complete bibliography on p. 238. ’ (Exclusive of stillbirths. NATALITY TABLE 9.—CRUDE BIRTH RATES: 64 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1937-1944 Rates are the number of births reported per 1,000 total population) 1942 See footnotes on p. 102. Country 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1943 1944 AFRIC ! BEI: vain anna snot 43.6 43.3 42.2 41.6 40.8 38.2 wh Union of South Africa: BUT ODENSE. + ss vans nnse fe 24.9 25.0 25.5 25.3 24.9 25,2 25.9 Non-BEuropeans®...... oie 8.5 8.3 8.7 8.6 8.9 8.7 8.9] =» AMERICA a Argenting. ce. ciecinissines 225.5 25.1, 25.1 305.1 25.2 24.7 25.8 Argentina (ex. terr.).. 224.8 23.9 23.8 323.5 23.7 22.9 24.2 Bolivia® Bo a ee 5810.9 $17.4 €16.0 20.4 28.5 32.7 52.8 Bragily. ses vvevits Saad 722.0 ®13.5 — — - — — Brazil (21 cities®)... 22.7 22.6 24.0 25.7 #22.6 #R3.6 #24.1 Canada (ex. Yukon and : Northwest Terciiovien) 20.0 20.6 20.4 21.5 22.2 R3.4 24.0 Yukon and N. W. Terr. 18.4 18.9 17.5 19.1 22.9 27.4 29.5 ChilB a suas ss wekuisiene oe 33.4 35.4 35.0 33.2 32.4 33.0 32.9 COLOMBLE heise Leva eins 1lzn.2 32.2 51.3 31.9 32.5 32.8 32.2 Colombia ox. terr. y 2121.0 33.0 52.1 32.5 33.0 55.5 32.4 Costa Bical, eetanessaivy 42.2 43.1 42.3 42.7 42.9 41.1 43.1 Cabot %.sneenisvoaison ales 24.7 27.0 16.7 19.7 18.5 os wiv Dominican Republic... 34.7 25.9 31.2 2290.7 2229.7 1239.2 12 466.0 Bouador®. ve cs ver etes a 39.3 39.5 40.4 39.3 38.4 37.9 38.6 2 FL S21vador. see senes es 39.3 40.8 41.1 41.7 39.6 38.3 57.7 . QUALEMALa isis ele re vsnn ves 432.3 432.5 33.4 32.6 “30.8 51.5 52.6 J Haiti is. A Ea Se ee 18.4 15.1 18.0 15:2 15.6 14.9 19.6 20.9 Honduvasi®,.......00ce. : 37.5 1337.8 37.8 37.4 36.7 37.9 35.6 36.8 MEXLCOx sas ns enrsnrirnnne 44.1 43.5 44.6 44.5 43.5 45.5 45.5 44.2 Sicaroic. eserves sw eimere 33.0 33.6 32.2 33.4 32.4 32.9 30.2 33.8 Panama (ex. Indians). 37.8 45.3 27.9 527.9 — —_— 38.5 — PATGTNDY sve vis ns surnne 38.6 36.4 35.1 36.5 33.0 C= — ee Peromny (A ntrioted 19) = 37.1 36.6 34.9 32.6 46.9 = I Peru (ex. jungle pop.).. 1729.9 1728.9 1795.5 24.8 23.5 25.2 25.7 26.8 5 United States..ceeeeeess 17.1 17.6 17.5 17.9 18.9 20.9 21.5 20.24 UTOTIBY 2% vio. «saan x svi ied 19.9 19.8 20.1 19.9 20.4 19.4 en mil Venezuela (ex. Todiens). 33.9 34.5 36.9 36.0 34.9 35.7 36.3 85.9 : ASIA 3 Burma (reg. area)....... 32.0 31.8 32. W es a od di Cylon. se vento sesvasnen 37.8 35.9 36.0 35.8 36.5 36.7 40.6 37.1 Chosen (Korea)... . 28.8 #35.0 —— in 0, Low ra India* *® (Britigh)..... 34.5 34.1 53.5 1851.4 31.9 29.4 = ly - Japan (groper) *°........ 30.6 26.7 2108.1 29.5 2230.8]. 2* #80.2| > 22xz0.7[ 3% R2z08.0 MeXaya® Zeus s sons rnnons ‘ 39.0 40.7 42.0 40.7 =e a ag ; Straits Settlements®3.. 42.1; 42.3 44.5 41.3 —_— — — Federated Malay States. 37.8 39.7 41.0 39.7 == it lt Unfederated Malay Sts.. 38.1 40.7 41.3 41.4 — mr wh Netherlands E. Indies: 5 Java and Madura........ 24) (22) %#29.0 25 427.9 ad 5 as Outer Prov. (Europeans) (24) (2%) (3 7 Sie mE eh Palestine... .....Lu al 41.5 59.9 38.0 38.7 38.6 36.7 43.5 EUROPE Mustela. Sa tiie ave vas 12.8 13.9 20.9 #R1.8 27420.2 27517.2 27518. 0 Balgitme sa ricins ede inte 15.4 15.9 15.5 2913.5 2912.2 2873.2 2815.0 BalbariaZ®. i. virial 24.3 22.8 21.4 22.2 21.5 22.0 21.2 Czechoslovakia: Bohemia and Moravia®® 14.2 14.2 14.3 15.9 16.3 17.7 Denmark (ex. Faroe Is. )- 18.0 18.1 17.8 18.2 18.5 20.4 England and Wales3t..... 14.9 15.1 14.9 14.5 14.1 %15.6 Eatonia®2 iv. cessed sidivs 16.1 16.3 16.3 16.4 19.2 y 32 Finland..... aie nite vs 18.9 19.9 20.1 16.9 23.0 15.8 hE 14.7 14.6 14.6 3473.8 2475.1 3414.5 Germany2E eeu. voiiueiurns 18.8 19.7 20.4 37%20.0 37418.6 3714.9 BTIBEIE sh vines visine evi aa 25.9 26.0 24.5 3802.0 288.0 2911.8 HONZary Eseries vi ctis union 20.2 20.1 19.6 20.3 19.0 19.9 Teelonde, os ies iviccor vs 20.4 20.0 19.6 20.5 21.6 24.6 Ireland (Bire)ee.ceseee. 19.2 19.4 19.1 19.1 19.0 22.3 Tealy. oo. iiaivs a ay me ne 22.9 25.7 23.5 23.4 20.8 #R0.4 5 BL a Rx SESE pl Li AN . TABIE 9.-CRUDE BIRTH RATES: 64 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1937-1944— § (Exclusive of stillbirths. Rates are the number of births reported per 0 000 ‘total population) ; i Continued. 1937 1938 1939+ + 1940 . 1941 3 1942 1943 1944 oF : ; \ . 17.7 18.4 18.7. #19. #20. 7 (22) (3%) (22), i 22.1 22.5 4890.2 4407.3 (32) (eR) (32) PEL wf 53.5] 32.4 335.1 4532.6 27.1 25.00 51.3} we Cid 0 19.8 20.5 20.6 20.8 20.3 #21.0 #23.0 #24.0 19.8 20.0 19.5 19.6 3720.9 2722.9 © B724 2 3923.5 hi #15.1 #15.6 #15.9 #16.3 #15.5 #17.6 #19.0 ' #19.5 i 24.9 24.4 — rd 463419.3 46x21.7 46419.9 a : 26.7 26.5 26.2 24.3 23.7 oe} 28.8 24.9 25.0 30.8 29.6 28.3 2726.1 2757.2 4824.4 4805.4 — 17.6 17.7 17.4 17.1 Ry I 17.6 18.4 18.5 22.4 19.9 18.3 24.3 19.4 20.0 #22. 7 #22.3 i 14.4 14.9 15.4 15..0 15.6 IAT : 19.3 #R0.3 14.9 15.2 15.2 15.2 16.9 18.4 19.21 19.60 28.0 #R6.7 #25.9 me hc —— mie nic A (2%) 38.3 ons — — — ee = A OCEANIA . Talia... veins 17.4 17.5 17.7 18.0 18.9 19.1 #20.6 #21.0 sw Zealand (ex.Maoris). 17.3 17.9 18.7 Fion.g B1lp0.5 81r1.7 8219.7 8121.5 ‘Zealand (Maoris).... -46.6 42.4 46.2 46.9 | 44.8 45.8) 45.8 Soi ovisional. tes are not to be considered a measure of the true leyel of natality because of the irregularity and insenplevsmess ; of birth registration. ; . I ccludes data for Province of Santa Fe. E ixcludes data for Province of Santiago del Estero. ; Fins ata exclude, in addition to stillbirths, infants born alive but dying before registration of birth. Based on births for 6 months only, but computed on an annual basis. Excludes, data for department of Pando. Excludes’ data for States of Goidz and Rio Grande do Norte and Territory of Acre. ‘ Excludes data for State of Goidz. Sl Rio de Janeiro (D.F.) and State capitals. i 2pates are based on number of baptisms recorded in parish registers. ‘a ( omputed on 1938 population. | cludes delayed registrations. Based on births for 11 months only, but computed on an annual basis. : Va #computed on 1943 population. Sor 1937, data are for year ending July 31; for 1938-1944, year ending June 30. J cludes 25 biodemographic districts in which there are established hospitals, health centers, dispensaries , or health nits which are under the supervision of public health authorities. Includes stillbirths. Data are for a registration area which includes almost 100 percent of total British territory and 76 percent of India Ti puted on 1941 population. For 3 1939-1944, data are for Japanese only. ‘Probably somewhat low because it was computed from Japanese births on population which apparently $noludss Koreans, § ~ Formosans, and foreigners. “Excludes Karafuto which became part of Japan proper, Apr. 1, 1943. 23Excludes data for Cocos-Keeling Islands. ° ot able to compute rate because population base is lacking; for absolute number of births, see table 8, p. 98. 3ased onbirths for natives only but computed on total population including Europeans. Based on births in "settled" population, and computed on settled population excluding armed forces. cludes data for a few Sudeten districts. cludes data for 41 communes of Eupen, Malmedy, and Moresnet not under Belgian administration. erritory of 1939, defined by Treaty of Neuilly, signed, Nov. 27, 1919. emia and Moravia represent approximately 50 percent of the population of the original Czechoslovak Republic wien included, in addition, Sudetenland, Czecho-Silesia, Slovakia, and Subcarpathian Ruthenia (Subcarpathia). German ‘nationals are excluded beginning with 1938. sed on registered births which differed from actual occurrences during war years. See footnote 27, table 8, p. 100. E tonia, Iatvia, and Lithuania became Soviet Socialist Repiblics on Aug. 3, 1940. Computed on 1942 population. or 87 departments only, excluding 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. r 86 departments, excluding Corsica and 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. NATALITY 103 Footnotes for table 9—Continued 3%Data are for Altreich, i. e., territory of 1937, including the Saar. Birth rates for the Grossreich, including Austria, Sudetenland, Memel, and Danzig, are as follows: 1939.4..4-R0.7 194R..... 15.2 1940..... 0.4 1943.....%16.1 194l..... 18.8 37Computed on civilian population. 38por 19 departments. 39por 30 principal towns. 5 erritory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 4lExcludes Venezia Giulia and Zara. “2Unless otherwise specified data are for territory of 1938, i. e., including Klaipeda (Memel) and, excluding Vilnius. 43fxcludes data for Klaipeda (Memel) and Vilnius; Klaipeda was annexed by Germany, Mar. 21, 1939. 44gxcludes data for Klaipeda (Memel) but includes Vilnius, returned to Lithuania, Aug. 1939. 48Computed on 1939 population. 46por Wartheland" comprising mainly the 3 Provinces of Lodz, Kalisz, and Posnan in western Poland. 47Excludes data for Bessarabia and the northern half of Bukovina ceded to U.S.S.R., Aug. 2, 1940; and two-thirds of Transylvania ceded to Hungary, Aug. 30, 1940; and one-third of Dobrudja ceded to Bulgaria, Sept. 7, 1940. 48Includes data for Bessarabia and northern Bukovina replaced under Rumanian administration in July 1941, but excludes Transylvania and Dobrudja (see note 47 above). 490fficial data not available but a trend of hypothetical birth rates derived by Frank Lorimer (see Bibliography, p. 262) for 1927-1937 is as follows: 1927..... 45.0 1933..... 3.4 1928..... 43.7 19%4..... 30.1 1929..... 41.4 1935.....°30.1 1930.44... 39.2 1936..... 35.6 1931.....:56.9 1937..... 39.6 1932..... 34.6 50Excludes aboriginals. Slcomputed on population which excludes armed forces overseas. Source: Based on births given in table 8 and computed on population primarily from table 3. W Fld 2s Ses COPE oe SPECIFIED counTRIES, ‘SELLCTED * uss, 1950-1944 : ie or (Exc1mive of stillbirths. “Age breakdown is available only for years shown) Ten on i, A & Aze of mother i : : Total ; Se births Tee 20-24 | 25-9 | 30-34 |35-30 |40-44 [45-49 0 ad ; rears years years years years | | years years over a ie : \ i i Lid } § 153,344| 7,028] B3¢,697| 46,871 35,621] 18,597 5,174] —— 855— 3 149,295 7,536] 40,901| 47,187 32,393| 16,085] 4,822 —— 365— 6 136,708 7,491] .36,904[ 45,904 295852 14,615] 4,585] ——392—| “7 : 134,525 7,666] 36,196 4%. 28,202| 13,860| 4,555|——38R— 6 \ \ RAK A 126,347 7,493] 33,100] 41,030] 26,410| 13,454| 4,473(- 381 3 3 iE Pena 122,801ff 7,605 32,886] 39,015| ®5,252| 13,363| 4,330 433 3 4 2] or Hh i Sroleiart sn 120,415 7,316] 3%,858| 36,960 24,861 13,294| 4,634 467 3 22 OB sa cesar iaiuleaives wan vva in woe aonb 119,131) © 7,418] 32,651 36,156] R3,921[ 13,779] ' 4,765 448 ef : 3 5 116,073 7,418) 31,437 34,491] 23,073] 14,150] ' 5,027 460 12 5 A985, fens rnin inven Erwasasen 111,325 7,219| 29,943| 32,607| =22,585| 13,423| 5,069 470% ia 4 f RC ri 109,475 7,323] 28,723] 31,348| 22,433( 13,611] 5,556 473 2 6 \ : 1985. Leis rs 111,269 7,781| 28,407| 31,434| 23,063| 14,436] 5,603 519 7 19. : DO a ee ts tara nhs nn a 110,933 7,919| =28,217| 30,356] 23,088| 14,955 5,829 555 7 7 1931. at. 118,509|| 8,284| 30,265 32,060 =®4,957} 16,238 6,125 563] 151 © 4 : : 128,399|| 8,828 32,077| 35,336| 26,876| 18,044| 6,669 553 {Ag : ’ B1948, 0 esis 2s wigin oeed 1127,829 — -— —— -— —- -— =] 2 EE niensras ons ie Tevreet lo BIRO -— — -— -— —= = Se [Hie | = =f 1143, 020 _— — — ——= — —— | | 146,148 i =n] -— — en — =] 138,826 = — = = — — —] | — 93,812 —— me -—]. —— — — | =] 86,242 ro ER — — —— — —] | -— 88,264 — — =— — — — _—] | — 39,151 To to rd oe =r — re] he Re 91,587) 4,635] 28,594] 25,125] 20,585) 12,286] — 4,832 ——— | 550 96,369 5,459 24,238 27,442] 20,905 12,947] —— 4,936——— | 448 102,277 6,694| 6,072] 28,576] ®1,050| 13,226] 4,772 414| 39| 534 106,661| 7.086] 7,243] 29,432] 22,820| 13,765 4,955 441] ' 33| 886 - oy Fie 126,062|| 5,4 34,138] © 26,786] 31,351] 19,241] 6,601 438) 14] 85 Gh 122,374|| 5,200 31,796] 30,344] 29,996| 18,315] 6,293 409 14] 8 Sk 107,765|| 4,389] 24,000 30,345 26,848| 16,248 5,515 414 6 = 2 'v9,805| 3,971] 20,198] 29,642 24,335] 15,596] 5,577 457] 15] 14 > 111,520 5,245| 21,564 34,644] 27,015] 16,833] 5,727 440] 15] 37 1%8,758| 6,349] 5,498] 41,324] 30,658] 18,341] 6,087 492 29 = ; 139,007 = Hot So tak re wn fF fC i 138,009 la m=O te mt Lox i en 141,792 —— — === = Th ae 5 \ 136,037 Sor i= a es — ts ity 5 mare fl 140,564 16,140| 38,504| = 43,400 26,017| 11,611] 3,823 896 173 134,833|| 15,767 37,775] 40,778| =24,636| 11,235] * 3,480 920 24 ¥ 142,415 13,254] 41,353] 44,173] 25,988| 12,122] 4,099 1,176 250 : 150,771) 10,008| 46,803 47,515 27,322) 13,005] 4,580 1,378¢ 166 A RE Se viaielse 159,146|| ©,200( 53,530] 49,161] 7,732 13,837| 4,847 1,623 216 OEE. isd Se an ihren ' 180,951) 9,735 53,383 43,383] 27,889] 14,569] 5,100 1,716 176 PIES, eer ees 181,795] 13,192| 58,993 54,105 31,702| 15,616] 6,114 1,908 165 » 174,108|| 11,704] 56,938| 51,795| 30,050 15,501 5,862 2,017 191 (ris Sah 185,578) 11,836| 60,363 54,621| 32,593| 16,818| 6,886 2,301 160 - #3 Ae da a ee ys 171,180| 10,948 54,926] 49,823] 30,390| 15,915] 6,730 2,270 175 « rptts tyres tes 179,973|| 11,624] 59,063 51,501] 31,313| 16,865] 7,281 2,174 152 784,220| 16,900 78,182] 82,263 59,925| 33,793] 11,236( — 1,034 —| 887 83,580|' 17,392| 75,004 84,920] 57,218| 32,451] 10,665 —1,058 — |1,077 272,313| 17,404| 76,215 81,233] 53,961| 30,554| 10,674] 1,052| 21{1,106 R55,317|| 16,947 70,851 76,094| .-50,145| 28,875| 10,287| 1,085| =20|1,033 ?44,216|| 16,343) 65,212 72,149] 49,102| %6,733| 10,561] 1,084| =22|1,110 229,268\ 15,002] 59,794| 60,418 46,716] 28,520 10,490] 1,108] =21|1,309 229,446| 14,755 60,660 65,326 46,6%9| 28,675| 10,958] 1,159| 231,261 Re0,235\ 18,712| 57,469] 61,958] 44,966) 2+,483| 11,135] 1,149| = 32|1,331 ?20,871\ 13,495| 56,237] 61,597 45,079] 29,781| 11,594] 1,188| 29|1,321 221,451) 13,509] 55,907| 61,922] 45,089| 30,477] 11,78. 1,320] 301,329 °%1,303| 13,371| 54,797] 61,529] 46,144| 30,566] 12,206| 1,305] 20|1,385 TABLE 10.—NUMBER OF BIRTHS REPORTED, BY AGE OF MOTHER: 36 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, SELECTED YEARS, 1980-1944—Contimed : (Exclusive of stillbirths. Age breakdown 1s available only for years shown) NATALITY Age of mother See footnotes on p. 11R. Total 1: bh Copsey end year births || 9ST | 20-24 | 25-29 | 30-34 [35-39 |40-44 |a5-49.| 2 Jot i years years years years years |years |years over ed Canada—~Continued ; Tn RR EL ee hn i 222,868) 14,025 55,595| 61,722| 45,665|31,228(12,039( 1,323 29 1,242 NOBEL avs rainrie ?35,666( 14,801 59,239| 64,794| 48,021|33,042(13,159( 1,433 19 1,158 NOTE viais a sine iva ivn he ested 240,473|| 15,294| 60,976| 65,443 49,185|33,683|13,008| 1,376 22 1,546 XR 1000.n etic n ele vaninie SI os 243,495| 15,230| 61,975| 65,247| 49,805|34,459|13,612| 1,376 30 1,761 Chile: 2040... reas oy ie ails 174,864 — — — — — — -—_ — -— T9487. eins ala ae eins slots ve 172,095 — — — -— — _— me 1h RN 2% viata nies 3 ein es 170,222] 15,460| 38,092| 41,577| 30,741|21,099| S,194| 1,974 567| 11,518 1041, ins vs Sai aie ha ke 165,004) 14,599| 35,107| 39,801 30,759|22,568| 9,557| 2,R55| 455 9,903 1940. . eis s dea ae on ileie nis 166,593 14,491) - 37,214| 40,725| 30,860|21,613| 9,047| 2,074 582| 9,987 19884 inns Ses nem entry 163,589|| 14,519| 35,602| 40,138| 29,647|22,164| 8,390| 2,066] 595| 10,468 A358 es sivninie svn dial ss Saisie ee 154,927| 13,216| 34,967 37,275] 27,560|20,849| 7,910| 1,935 481 10,734 X00 Tai ins sid minis Ri es 153,354] 1,708| 35,645] 35,741 27,881 19,981| 7,608| 1,883| 462] 11,445 095B8ass esse sissy oS ry ie eae an 156,917|| 13,134| 35,297| 37,002 28,108|20,032| 8,206| 2,288| 683] 1,827 1935.4: vis ves rie er id eseiveiaiss 153,151 12,968| 34,324| 35,869| 28,030|19,394| 8,283| 2,337| 796] 11,150 BBL anaes vivs parse ai ve 150,362 12,332| 33,930 34,715 28,838|18,523( 8,032] 1,891| 551| 11,550 A035: vases Sashibaisnrne ne vse 147,733) 12,714| 33,150| 35,056 27,970{18,151| 7,838| 1,884] 508] 10,462 2932s eh a evan a Ses Vain sade 149,459) 13,477| 33,751] 35,721 27,962|18,698| 7,890| 2,243| 466| 9,R51 T1931... este ninn es ed PSY ei Se A 149,488| 14,275| 33,908| 35,339 R7,575/18,141| 7,327| 1,804] 428] 10,691 1920... Sass sein SE LAA a 4 169,395) 14,685| 36,351| 40,341] 30,746|21,245| 8,679| 2,348] 796] 14,204 Colombias TOA oe thie wean irie iris sieinis 319,724) 23,387| 67,001| 69,780] 48,450(32,721(13,863|—7,605——| 56,917 1943... dates e's Ts wn 316,091 —— Ee — -— — | ye rr F042, 3 eds via yew nbn leine ay 314,628|| 20,799| 55,482 58,121 38,129|25,216| 8,029| 1,504 344|°107,004 104%... ous 8 suie ww hb eae 304,012| 16,488] 47,185 50,035 33,868|24,056| 7,775| 1,344| 201|7123,060 Czechoslovakia: TOA, ie rie avs meinie tid ala an — = —— — — — —_] =] =] = LOABD ivan sivas sssnin nis aioe wide v8 #150,414 T= == t= ment mM = 10488. isan rene wales 130, 538 = tr =o rl a a i — TEE HO IR a a 124,999 9,194| 30,409 39,620] 28,702|13,044| 3,686) —— R67 — 77 1940%......... BR et sae 120,036 9,324] 26,375 42,697 26,102|12,019| 3,247 216) 7 a2 44 19385. ee Fr RTS 3 107,122) 7,088] 22,334 39,754 23,576|10,888| 3,119 233 17 113 19382. ..:... ne Liat Sep 103,642| 4,992] =24,130| 38,148 22,630/10,480| 2,951 246 8 57 ABT: wtinins vn oi Fall haa teh 262,370|| 11,670| 65,734] 87,008] 56,542|30,344|10,112 817 33 110 1986. series sins vain aie 265,169 9,509| 72,600 86,471] 55,109|30,447|10,017 848 52 116 1000 ivan ain ans bois dais > 270,831 9,546 79,009] 85,256] 55,202|30,536|10,212 840 38 192 1054... avon od eas Thr a 280,954|| 1,475 83,150| 86,272] 56,807{30,900|10,110 929 49] « 262 AOE Gah ras vane sien Bown . 287,718|| 15,707| 86,300| 86,396 56,743|30,932|10,265| 1,002 70 + 303 1932. aieie si vn Pree hare 312,457|| 18,342 93,781 92,352] 61,593|33,804|11,011| 1,080 82 412 193 Li sans Ea : . 318,263|| 18,913 95,613] 94,145 6%,491|34,020(11,297| 1,177| 92 515 = 50 ea inea wh ne an wa win le 3 Sei 333,253|| 19,331] 99,569] 99,666] 65,945|35,088[11,972| 1,279 89 314 nmmark (ex. Faroe Islands): : 400, le see a i 90,639 hy Hog = — la er 1085 eases OR RE a 10g, 346 4,656] 22,770 24,660 19,131 9,986 2,967|—— 179 — = OA Ee canis a ae ae 79,545 4,407| 21,392] 23,851] 17,718 9,199] 2,811|——173 — = 1941... 00. 3 5 ates ee hei 9 71,306 4,195) 19,533 21,532 15,140| 8,137| 2,579] ——190 — - 30400, dt Ta e's aie baie inten . 70,121] 4,500| 18,686| - 21,643] 15,1%6| 7,643] 2,375 146 2 A5 1020. iat ns re a eas 67,914 4,322] 17,150] 21,341] 14,723] 7,784] R,416 177 1 = 3988, a a aa 68,462 4,056 17,630 21,545] 14,756 7,768| R,542 161 4 = A030 5. sas sera ts wea 67,440 3,975] 17,619] 20,913] 14,463 7,665 2,605 198 pa - X28. riers ats ek 66,418 3,708] 17,387 20,634] 14,083 7,805 2,619 182 = 2 BOB a ee es Sy 5 65,223 3,639] 17,210 19,765] 13,927 7,849| %,6%6 206 1 = 39345 4%, Ge a ata wp + 65,116 3,657] 16,870] 19,493 13,992 8,022| ®,870 208 4 - 3975, i, ase eva s 62,780 5,338] 16,355] 18,536] 13,708] 7,927 2,700 217 5 - I sas ani yinmn doa iaiute a wl 64,650 3,721] 16,944| 18,880] 13,711} 8,193| 2,887 263 11 40 ROBE Lin ih ere 3d 64,266 3,738 16,470| 18,852] 13,770 8,192] 2,891 232 9 112 = JIB ences A EN Re A 66,303 3,678] 16,929 19,363 14,389| 8,467 3,041 242 8 186 gland an ales: X04d.i.. ovens ia Canes ria #*744,843 iis 0S A Lil Loaf ta ae 948.0 ei iis sass Sana aA . #683 ,212 a= frit Sg hd MS WE i rt 3040 ss seie ler sah si aie evs '| 654,039 — a | To es led | i say 1941.5. 5.50 ide sleiats Soa seve 579,091|| 4,353| 146,831 179,617 126,665|72,680|24,180| 1,926 26 2,813 3940, sons a vs in ae ae 607,029| 7,043] 144,693] 195,863| 136,697 74,264|23,453| 2,016 16 2,984 Io es R re Pea Se aus 0.0 pine 144,103| 77,431 23,618] 2,131 24 2,945 B22. hr ees hed a 3 > " a ,775| 70,366|37,394(11,840| 1,001 7 1,590. EE Erie RB: fo ee breakdown Is available only for ears shown) i wm or nt wirs. REPORTED, BY py oF OTHER: 36 SPROTFTED commas, SELECTED YEARS, 1650-1944 on inued (excrustve of stillbirens. ; : . Age of mother 5 : Fo : Total ; Country and year births || Vay. | 20-2 | 25-29 | 0-34 | 35-30 [40-44 [aso | 25 | NO : . years years years years ® years years [years | von ed tonia: } C1. ts ig _— — — Ee ——— — — =] — 19,574 Ln me —— —_— ee —] | = 18,407 — ee en — —— —] |] = ; 18,475 me — — — — — =] | — IEE, re a ew dirs nia 18,453 639| 3,569] 5,620 4,568| 2,943] 1,015 93[ "1 5 05a ists wo th winless h 4's eS a 18,190 531) * 3,637] © 5,633 4,414| 2,813 997 102 ~f 1 168 11936... ET mal ee Srdiste 18,222 445| 3,933] 5,458| 4,300 2,860 1,049] 108 2.87 19 17,891 426] | 3,944] 5,2%8| 4,371]. 2,731] 1,039 96 8 48 17,305 436| 3,857] 5,077| 4,134| 2,646 973] 119 1 62 18,208 s22| 4,099] 5,302] 4,293] 2,641 1,137] 109 71 98 19,742 559| 4,560] 5,641 °4,661| « 2,930] 1,137] 125 9] 120 , 19,509 585] 4,294| 5,634] 4,779 2,809) 1,188] 113 5 102 19,471 550 4,220] 5,628] 4,713) 2,899 -1,225] 123]. 6 107 weirs bathe babi 79,446) 1,784 17,084| 20,841| 19,864| 13,484| 5,464 622 7| 296 FA Sluis heiaiehin ses vi sly inn 76,112f( 1,568] 14,376| 20,421| 19,779| 13,719 5,608] 576] 15] 50 : ER Let 61,672[1 1,625] 12,522 16,767| 15,402| 10,133] 4,588] 576] 13] 47 A SS NE 89,565| 2,275] 18,913| 26,650 22,144| 13,214] 5,626] 611] 1°] 120 [9400 ln ar anie nina ssn es 65,849 2,543 14,142 18,790 15,301] 9,752] 4,605 511] 15] 190 HOE dearer 78,164) 2,833] 17,459 23,150| 17,862| 11,119 4,951] 501 11] 278 HOB, ei eral it vienies on rian ies 76,695|| 2,618] 17,223| =22,741| 17,671| 11,039 4,916] 481 6 - eateiate wins h ienes 72,319) ,300| 16,251 =®1,701| 16,070| 10,788| 4,672] 531 6 - OBB) ru wise slois'swinia ssn wis laisin nnn 68,895| 2,202] 15,490 ®0,500( 15,067| 10,553 4,552] = 527 4 - HOBBY, eesti haan 71,785) 2,162 16,198| 20,875| 15,849| 11,218] 4,885] 598 6 = es as eis whan naam win o's 5 4:4 wie 69,584 2,044] 15,593 =20,1R5| 15,594| 10,658 4,935 619 = 16 - Rate BR 4 66,748| 2,043] 14,971 18,978 - 15,134| 10,166 4,751] 691 14 —- Rien se sini vey 71,216| 2,292| 16,338 19,812| 16,295| 10,562 ‘5,155 748] 14 - 1931 eels dgisivies esis ssle nin stern 73,9170 2,516] 17,259 R0,550| 16,353] 10,919 5,512] 790] 18 = 1930° Cheer 77,322 2,722| 17,881] 21,508] 16,872| 11,384] 6,109] 830] 16 & 01? + ’ BE A0AAE2 ech edie ah #600, 449 AL Sz ——— Sn HE map hs SIE Ee iaisiie ans sais vies wig aininis #589,301 oh >. HE, — = — emit Eo a eh | 545,698| 32,074| 142,579) 130,581| 129,682| 78,048 26,014| 1,843] 31] 4,846 nin ele lo hia slain s a wd naa ale 493,419(| 28,126 110,631] 137,270 117,968| 71,030| 23,558| 1,714| 44 3,078 a 536,567|| 35,094| 108,811 165,237] 125,967| 74,360| 23,175 1,800] 65] 2,058 BOB eae sna ve 583,677|| 43,536] 124,827 194,089| 127,353] 69,177| 21,073| 1,657| 46| 1,919 SHE ER SIR SR hu 612,248|| 38,704| 145,767| 198,173| 131,947| 71,558 22,138] 1,622] 41| 2,298 EB uldiatri ain slsin nivie’s sx akin skew a's 618,071|| 34,099) 160,949| 194,412| 129,984| 71,423 22,930 1,826] = 30| 2,418 Rl ee hes he ate 630,818|f 30,396] 176,675 194,600] 130,648| 71,195 22,911| 1,847 35 2,511 ed vinta 640,527|| 28,443 190,793| 193,644| 130,397| 69,750| 23,126| 1,869] 35| 2,450 . A CSE 677,878) 33,631 202,592] 201,522] 138,029| 72,702| 24,637| 1,956] 47 2,762 Rt sade ei Sy vas vam 678,700| 39,228 200,167| 200,867| 135,873| 73,426| 24,414| 2,070] 35] 2,620 a sa denies vss von 722,371|| 44,674| 210,230] 212,604| 144,085| 79,350| 26,109] 2,202] 57] 3,060 Sevres Jeeves 733,900|| 47,362| 216,370| 216,545| 143,602 79,258| 25,487) 2,189 59] 3,037 ea aie ee 749,953|| 47,355) 219,751| 223,179| 145,164| 81,825 27,089] 2,454] 72 3,064 1,149,718 ft om ro rt Bs ete i Yet br 1,089,318 ro es ot hi Wi Se ap 1,337,091 ied ee iad et am mmf et © HE 1,434,340 = ti ao ats en So 1,446,198 AE En & ebb ines ret eh ll 1,380,268 48,326| 236,919| 469,584| 365,883| 190,467| 60,525 5,387 3,197 | 1,308,607(| 36,196] 256,154| 445,259 333,633| 174,186| 56,105 5,050 | 2,024 1,312,053] 30,136| 284,072| 439,038| 326,266| 169,141 — €0,806 2,594 1,297,075) 27,835| 296,868| 433,929| 314,790| 161,069| —— 58,739 —— | 3,845 a a .. 1,214,936) 31,989| 287,894| 403,041| 286,485| 146,049] ——— 55,149 —— | 4,329 Taps 20. OF BIRTHS REPORTED, Br ACE OF roms 36 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, ‘sstEomeD YEARS, : Fie ns i » #. ot : 3 Ea (Exclusive of stillbirths. Age Soar 1s available only for yetrs shown) Rou ok = = a : Age of mother : Bog y . ) Total dander : ; : & ; Country and year births = 20-24 | 25-20 | 30-34 | 35-39 |40-44 |a5-49 od . ; i A years years years years | years | years years iy Greece—Continued : iq g" : AOBBR. Sere ven LAR SUR 184,509 4,406 34,791| 58,422| 44,833] R9,931| 9,151f 1,776 Ree : 193744 x0 FRR RP 183,878 4,093 35,720 57,157| 44,084| 30,253 9,365 1,920 T0726 sivrme ss sare raivia ie wats as 193,343 4,424] 40,487 59,317| 45,417| 30,713| 9,367| 1,867 Fey? YI3Blresiniat Fee aad eles 192,511|| 4,845] 39,886] 58,510] 44,555| 30,438 9,566| 1,958 NOB. oye .siieime eee ns ety {HE O08 HBG 5,792] 43,068| 63,456] 48,896| 32,014| 10,353| 2,132 % : TO3T, su vwsvidiina ies TAMA, oe 189,583 5,952] 38,760| 58,246] 43,503| 28,708| 9,848| 1,794 Ta 1958°. 400. .0. ies lina ain ow mins inns 187,577 6,837| 37,827] 57,997] 41,931] 27,606 9,147 2,015 Rg A SF CERF REPT PE PERTRERERE 201, 529) 7,769| 40,394 62,096] 44,278] 30,787| 10,013| 2,207 rysry;2® j x Iga ha dn Ll oe — — — —— | -— — Ag AR Seni e #173, 300) —— — ——— a wm) OUR ee Se ieee 187,187 — —— — = — — J0410 iin aaah als Wee ©80,304| 27,528 70,531] 79,03R| —— 97,494——| — 13,326 — HeanB0 LA Ce mei ve ; 233,014f 24,610 50,513] 71,081] 49,340| 27,624 9,864 805 193973 Lule. nee ae aah viens » 202,427 1,865 43,230] 64,297| 40,656| 23,600] 8,027 706 . : AOBB ect iis sansa ene . 182,206) 17,441 43,709] 57,003 35,322] 20,808] 7,300] 596 ’ : OBZ iia ns as 182,449| 12,714 50,117| 56,096) 34,538] 21,015] 7,337 568 3 183,369 9,946 56,032] 54,669| 33,724 21,282 7,063 575 7 189,479 9,17 61,313] 54,145) 35,008] 1,925] 7,263] 635 HEE ..| 194,279 11,201] 63,R30| 53,826] 36,242 21,966 7,147 631 GR 1933... eRe ne PPR 193,911) 13,491] 62,353] 52,226 36,157| 22,009] 6,990 629 ABD ais terns ss te SW was 205,529l 16,160] 65,255) 54,824 .38,576] 22,921| 7,110 625 TOBL abide area as 206,925) 16,893 65,600 54,765| 38,854| «2,736| 7,333 703] 10804 Joate vin iin Re rane 219,784 17,510 68,544| 59,554| 41,817| 23,741] 7,774] = 790 ! Iceland: ; dOAL, senses anise he write 3,188( Fr ric mri] mrs mt preted ri 4 GAB, hve se ler ite ey Pi 3,290 — — mn — — En Fi AOA sinha ia tn sins wee A AiR 3,048 — — — — —_— — — ES 2941. i asi, eels ies sie . © 2,638 — -— — — — es Forth 2,480 — pu — ——— he — = iv 2,363 ite — —f mm ore — 2,374 fon — — — ee me 2,397 =r = ore — — —] —— 2,557 Aro el ore a tos Heel orl i 2,588) i 157 647, 663 558 394 162 20 2,011 132] 611 650 590 385 209 ?2 ! 2,549 129 558 te54] . 542 446 191 18 2,72 136 614 677 634 462 174 12 2,834 113 598 739 625 503 192 21 2,85 110 5581 726 677 487 186 10 JOB, voiies aainisisn sinis seins etn oy *923,06 — om Wes re ot fren wird 19418, iin enn ae gs 914,91 33,341) 146,125 R79,777| 239,985 149,634| 60,205 4,981] > A940 nass visi sins bieiely ceveies [2,086,479 gi ee La) an — Co ; LOBOR., oi yin aaleintt « Siue ws alain .| 1,040,213 46,345 193,431 323,701|R44,467|151,409| 60,817 5,435 : 1088. euisnnnsmmserneesnanes | 1;057,1800 | 57,2200" 215,148!" 520,627| 255,558) 148, 7541 59,9421 15. 236 198700 eas denis rele dak 991,867|| 27,969 215,030 30R,640|223,459|144,625| 58,643| 5,204 5 ADBBK, 0st aimasva oie RR ae 962,686] 25,278] 205,437 287,139|216,818|147,016| 59,329 5,411 BOBBe bens vin tia wipe vise iv euininisnie 996,708) © 28,159| 204,885 291,587|216,630(151,103| 61,549] 5,864 1934... 0. awe ere a adele 992,966| 30,568] 223,499 282,288|218,842|148,876| 63,276| 6,339 1938 bniss ivi SPST Sy 995,979|| 31,768 223,864] 279,210|218,961|150,847| 63,910| 6,476 ks LOBR snes owns rrnnvntsss sees ve 990,995|| 33,776| 223,364| 274,451|219,613|149,461| 62,109| 6,323 - . 1981eueensnensencnnnenanenness | 1,028,107| 37,323] #230,697 279,619|228,868| 153,906] 65,371] 6,750 rd T0300 rene vias ceeessseeensaness | 1,092,678|| %36,945|%239,437| 296,585|247,920|167,285| 69,311] 7,525 , Japan (proper): 23 ¢ 10492 E 28 J heiress Senmas 5 vr bie, 158,850 i] oid Si Se ae fo Ig45B2 28... ceeensneeeennees| 2,211,242 42,407] 452,188] 660,951|561,R76| 345,383] 133,942] 12,656 meh tat 2,176,183|| 45,279] 460,417 663,815|539,694| 324,204(128,230| 11,798 ASAI LL, vice cova s naisien inns’ 2,808, 617 ed 2 3 —— Se Lp Ro : AOR eh a a Ra «o.ee.s | 2,059,021) 45,366] 431,818 655,488|493,398| 306,795 111,816] 11,234 TBBORA Ls aime naa 1,846,874|| 46,492] 403,807 577,604|421,374| 280,698|103,847 10,140 19382, ,...4 eseresveieeananees | 1,867,068 53,044) 443,648] 571,538[40%,803| 273,722] 104,093] 10,242 IDBTRE, hel ieee eeeeenes | 2,108,112 61,929] 518,692] 647,334|450,563( 304,962] 109,998] 11,501 1980. 00nunnne eeeersnssnraasaes | 2,004,558) 97,605 522,769] 562,831|4%S5,<73| 270,920{110,069| 11,580] 3 Sew footnotes on p. 112. 746604 O - 47 - 8 Age breakdown is available only for years shown) i ' mm: OF BIRTHS POE, BY ACE or MOTHER: 36 SPECTFTED COUNTRIES, SELECTED YEARS, {grstustve: of stillbirths. 2950-1944 Contimied ; Age of mother FAR : Total i X{Gountry 8nd year virths || "eT | 20-24 | 25-29 |30-84 | 35:39 |40-aa [esse | 2 | FoF years years years years | years years |years | io. ed 1. #37,125 -— — -— ta — =| —] —- — ) 1940. dieses #36,298 — — — — — — -— — — LOR eis se ba ians as van 36,952 1,359] 6,286] 11,730] 9,545] 5,765 2,012] 157] 13 56 AN 86,386) 1,198] 6,502] 11,375| 9,397 5,733] 1,922] 181] 18 65 34,863 sso| 6,667] 10,775| 8,983 5,433 1,862] 166] 22 65 35,468 726] 7,036] 10,784| 8,913] 5,598] 2,055 232] 33 91 1 34,419 753 6,950] 10,321) 8,689 5,370] 1,940] 263] 40 93 RHOBA sleies ais'ae ans ain v0 isls mis wisiioais 33,383 694| 6,806] 9,785| 8,471] 5,113] 1,880] 238] 42 264 U935 Mavs sawmsornniavassiivassiss “34,576 8s4| 6,997 10,160| 6,525 5,417] 1,992 250| 57 294 OBB Jews sven susvnnsrervvrane 37,366 9s9| 7,838] 10,720| 9,269 5,697| 2,146] 286 61 390 ROBLES Li eile wmrivion x runnin 37,583|| 1,023 8,052 10,876| 9,193 5,596] 1,988] —— 353 — 50% Trinee perenne erases 38,431 922| 7,641] 11,438| 9,415 5,653] 2,193] — 362 — 807 ithuaniaz BOIL Ry hima tks onde A — — -— —- — — — | -— —— B88, erie savannas See — — — -— ——- -— —| = -— -— 92 seas hh — — — —— — —— Ee ed RE — 54,184| 1,710( 8,593] 15,658) 13,806 9,585] 3,636] 603 116 477 54,694 1,517] 8,925] 15,903] 14,105] 9,672 3,527 548] 78 419 56,393|| 1,286 9,700 16,536| 14,690] 9,723 3,430] 528 63 437 60,446) 1,245] 11,037] 17,740| 15,469] 10,241] 3,639 578] TR 425 LOBEL is edness vain aha 57,970| 1,169 11,210f 17,208| 14,622| 9,419 3,216] 528] 58 540 OB ese diena sense oF 60,770ff 1,288] 11,967] 17,512| 15,873 9,504] 3,402] 542] 90 592 5 I98Beunrsiinin anes a ds 62,145|| 1,402 12,156] 18,614 15,877] 9,466 3,330 533 59 708 BHOBE, hues nesta omiies vais oss 65,371) 1,624] 12,787] 19,463 16,671 9,787 3,412] 573 87] 1,017 BOERS Saale cv rien svn ns sinh 63,419|| 1,444 12,397 18,658 15,636] 8,831 3,234] 518] 90] 2,611 Bo 64,164( 1,4R7| 12,259] 19,584 15,760| 8,673] 3,177] 553 80] 2,651 lexicos™” Sloan a. — zis Li LL SEs mr SnlEa wilh 151,854 20,356 57,779] 36,022 23,376] 17,997| 5,696(—4,398 —| 6,230 148,057|| 20,280| 37,354 36,896| 23,650 16,982] 4,857|—2,335 —| 5,723 ve 145,214| - 18,205| 35,362| . 36,861| 23,166 16,083] 5,059|—3,028 —| 8,450 M1080 na einen nui v iach 859,394| 107,542] 215,102| 224,904 |135,750| 91,485| °5,549|—13,290 —| 45,772 Bs dries 2s. ie in wae 823,989 99,508 3 — 212,147 — 32,372 48,027 OB aise eal ra 820,695 93,731 —— 432,917 — | —210,410 — 33,114 50,523 BIOEB a sieinie vx hun ws us ss Sedan 786,406 88,003] ——415,241 —— [ ——196,860 — 30,473 55,829 I IOBE ie aes cin ania nse hains ne 758,876] 83,560] —— 402,726 —— | — 184,562 — 28,229 59,799 BE dOBa ie aes SA 782,514) 105,503] —— 395,824 —— | —— 286,66 — 43,744 10,617 OBB tiie arenes nnn sivnnanins Tee 732,036 97,315] — 373,354 —— | —212,308 — 39,770 9,289 BIOBR os vaairrsian vss onsivesisnsne . | 2°739,017| 80,345| ——371,979 —— | ——234,066 — 49,201 3,428 OE seine eee senisncinsssnsnnsion 733,588] 89,051] —— 372,730 —— | ——2%83,846 — 42,961 - 9% es ee 814,721 114,430 —— 406,703 —— { — 231,496 — 39,266 22,826 erlands: 940. rs sirnn anne #219, 727 — he = mb ei od Be mm ad — Sgn s eaters wae Roie by Cin20D, RT — ge es === and Sse ce tier rn beeen sess pile 189,975 = = dn re Pi mtr Lad ay E20 ASL oe be saad seh vas win nmin 181,959 4,118 32,263 56,517] 47,505] 29,635 10,998 886] 15 22 CE 184,846| 4,391| 31,510 57,133] 49,257] 30,363] 11,287| .892| 13 - 180,917|| 4,267| 29,809 55,497] 49,327] 30,129| 10,969] go08f 11 178,422|| 4,150 30,127| . 54,190| 48,350| R9,340| 11,358] 902 5 - 170,220) 4,056] 29,297 51,202] 45,819] 28,118] 10,801] 912] 15 - 171,675|] 4,024] 30,018 51,981) 45,244] 28,261] 11,191] 942 12 2 170,425) 3,976 «29,569 51,900| 44,639] 28,316| 11,087| 981 4 3 2 a Sev sins 177,387) 4,222] 81,947 54,527] 44,637 29,197| 11,703 1,143 8 3 [920.00 ie hv ie ee as 182,310( = 4,885 33,802] 55,174] 45,829] 29,300| 12,242| 1,066] 12 = / A 3 . + 5 ‘ PLE 10. —NUMBER OF BIRTHS REPORTED, BY AGE or MOTHER: 36 sPaoTFTED CoNTRIES, SELECTED YEARS, 1950-1944 Cont Bie ; £ 3 (Exclusive of stillbirths. Age breakdown is avilable: only for yeers shown). oH £ = = E : wii; : x ‘ Kr : " ! Age of mother # : Total ) ve ; £0 Sony Sd year births || UT | 50 04 | 25.00 | B0-34 | 85-89 | 40-44 {45-09 sith : years years years years years | years | years New Zealand (ex. Maoris): AGA. a v's os varia ssnss ole vias 33,599 — — — —- — — 1843 ans bse ardanld oo a pate Nate 30,311] 1,000] 7,307 9,868] 7,815 3,730] ‘1,112 BOLE oes nies site nis nissbainin o wieiniale 33,574 ——= ——— —— ——— i === I98Y esa raven as a. 35,100|| 1,203] 8,892] 11,988] 7,983] 3,825 1,037 1940, Lae tnnii nn swale er . 32,772) 1,446] 8,463] 11,017 7,355 3,389 1,024 HOBO swans lo nations a vias 28,833 1,307] 7,309] 9,548 6,500] 3,089 98g : 10884 0s ul wah sen as vn es dv . 27,%49|| 1,252] 6,944] 8,870] 6,123 3,013 968 ° EBT ak ivr nade ni Ne rans . 26,0140 © 1,126)" 6,511]... 8,588) 5,727 3,059 (1,005 3 3088. is ens SET ane . 24,837 1,097] 6,188 8,112] 5,469] 2,907 986 JOS, Sd i Cane td vaio 23,965 1,026 5,837 7,747 5,333] 2,910] 1,015 OBA, re fs Ye tara hie 24,322] 1,142 5,904 7,735 5,347| 3,008] 1,085 198540 svar ve ors wie ay a is 24,334| 1,100 5,984 7,631] 5,258] 3,112] 1,121 ] 1082s din + es Slavia wan ean yeas 24,884| 1,212] 6,100 7,583] 5,393] 3,284] 1,197 So 3931. ..5% er lr a dans 26,622) 1,289 6,468, 8,020 5,879 3,537 1,319 2 1080 we via be haa a 26,797 1,186] 6,574 8,017] 5,947| 3,568 1,357 Norway: . slid he #*59,326 _— — — — — —— TOAD, siaivis slureuureie PPR #57,004)1 . ——— — — — — — 194%... ous SINE wiles sway ile #52,414 — — — —— — pa Wel hr dal dae ls 45,773) 1,346] 10,244 13,625 10,783] 6,646] 2,757 LOAD Ds sis sain d on riainoa oth oe dle *47,943l 1,314] 9,918] 14,553] 11,858] 7,077] %,860 1989. uy Lk a a he iy a de 46,608) 1,330f . 9,275 - 13,949) 11,797] . 7,123] 2,776 LE TOBE Ti, ¢ antes vo dai Tana ‘45,319 1,118] 8,911] 13,748] 11,278} 7,0%0[ <,885 3 BOT ih aay wenn Ti awe ah eke 43,808 874] 8,826] 13,145 10,891] 6,863] ?,811 y 1976.0 0teuatsalaresenseninnis ve ‘42,2400 3,008} 18,150) 12,4440 10,451), 6,821) 2,855 LOB Sisal so sisaivininbon aloiuie Sinise y 41,31] 1,041 7,900] = 11,924] 10,304] 6,771] ‘2,910 LBA, ete ee en gh Send . 41,833 985 8,046] 11,985 10,527| 6,834] 2,991 ‘ 1985, eink Rie Soe ah da dr ale 42,114 1,018] 7,980[ 11,967] 10,569| 6,944] 3,120 Ep 1932 Jie sn nnienisninms nin anm de 45,451 1,051] 8,633] 12,717 11,566| 7,533 3,371 Se 108 wun nea ds edna ro ge pe 45,989|| 1,066 8,629| 13,013 11,624] 7,580| 3,483 1950. 0s sunrnennnes rev nie nns's 47,844) 1,091] 8,934] 13,441] 11,986 8,058 3,727 3 Palestine: . i : AAA Evais sid von aiainisl mali wi tab ie 73,055 at rd —- — —— — \ TOEB, ey ss va es rows e Ss waived 68,820 _— — — — -— —— Cr LRG EN ’ 56,415 me thn hl = = in LOaVRe ae tes ciate . 57,835 3,372] 11,619| 15,328] 13,026] 9,832] 3,479 OARS, LL, hrs as da vsua ed panies 56,603 2,988, 10,839] 15,945 13,009] 9,536] 3,212 Peru (ex. jungle population): 1944. cupuinneaiianianinnn, 32191,130|| 17,423| 53,064] 50,542] 33,078] 23,363 9,239 1948, Jaen a nas Ceres POE 181,348| 16,515 50,086 47,993 31,334| 22,161] 8,313 194252 uiuivecnsannensvonanaes | 165,840) 14,604 44,259] 44,284] 28,632 20,688 «7,531 ATA rs vieia sie waiee A ala En, 32754 621f| 13,561] 41,003 41,243] 26,287 19,020 6,835 BRA. es ie a, 2164, 723|| 14,448) 43,277 43,050] 27,341] 20,355 7,140 { Poland: 1044... ea ve an ants = wei So i i =a Za LO a weds La He en re id iq a nu IOUT Sis oi 2's vive sais Li Se te nbn = Lia Tf 104150 viii ieisniela we eine ee —— — wrnie] i) it | IE A940. 45 i vans enna ne sie Son) ea}: fd Sim, a Za 3a TOB0 Jaen: 'vnisiannivianvnsinies wees ——) an ma} 0 Ho] —cy — Sil 1038. cules Sirhan es eh rein 849,873 — he sa] — ba inl AIT ess uenesvridinis sense eee ae 856,064 —— aio ee 4 hi ] 1198Bu snes sivrnsnninn vine vaivvie 892,320 — AS Ey Hed nd Le 19354 0useenanannnnn POPE OR 876,667, — — = a he ys 1854. en ates in eines waieie 882,000 —— so Sd He ata id 1933..... ine visi nitivaates iin ates 868, 000 — Er = kad Re Serie a = 3 OBE earn A 934,663 37,010| 242,678| 279,356 203,374|114,728| 44,567 ; ROBE ie le sa ae a Ae ay 964,573(| 39,624| R50,476| 287,809| 209,383|117,542| 46,591 Ben LL as er pt 1,02%,811)| 4R,822| 263,365 307,220] 219,441|125,855| 50,046 . Ss) 198 Loans varsna sy saan snne R01,373|| © 8,456| 46,760| 50,623 45,141] 32,647 13,628 Es eieicu ian a vie Winals inside 198,101|| 8,550| 44,582| 51,915 44,465 31,376 13,287 JE SE SE Fy 187,503 7,695| 40,685] 51,050 4R,235| 29,635 12,R77 194%... Gus eos vy vis sd a 184,336| 7,777 39,456 51,097] 41,397| 28,878 11,828 t IBA0s. ~ veins vw inivimn sn gion oo sais 187,892ff 7,986 40,640 52,735] 41,235 29,100| 12,178 “ L080 vionsn rs Prins vss s anuinle w avn 198,888| 8,149| 43,282] 56,880] 42,776] 31,048] 12,192 See footnotes on p. 11R. > (Exel wtve of sti nvirts. Age breakdown 1s Sveti only for years shown) ~ Age of mother Tot A . § Li her 20-24 | 25-29 30-34 | 35-39 [40-44 [45-49 2 er years years years years years |ysars |years |... ed B8uvuinsheinisarisnbiaplennn seis 199,467|| 7,463| 45,313| 57,461| 42,623| 30,450] 12,004| 1,856 43| 2,254 ih OB 's vues > 198,127|| 7,208] 46,137] 56,324] 41,944| 30,182] 12,181] 1,824] 40] 2,287 HI0860 canes vnnssnnsssniverss 205,615) 7,454 49,141] 58,538] 43,576] 30,319| 12,334] 1,873 51| 2,279 203,943 7,693 49,588 57,520] 4%,430| 29,966 12,501| 1,917] 29 2,299 203,158| 7,677 48,597| 57,305| 43,185| 29,341] 12,950] 1,949 74, 2,080 204,315 7,824] 49,328] 56,657| 4R,971| 29,628| 13,241] 1,976] 27] 2,663 208,062| 7,907 49,264] 57,984 43,345) %1,054| 13,821] 1,938 77| 2,672 204,120 8,032] 48,027| 56,841 41,325| 31,581| 13,500] 2,029| 124] 2,661 AEE Se 202,529 7,910] 48,419 56,599 41,062| 30,619| 13,104| 1,914] 125| 2,777 ae 395,800 — —— ——= —— — mera 0 mre =e HC Rene Silas 411,389 — me — foe —= etl ame [11 re fe Ch we 312,976 — — —— Se — ml Df el Drm mre 358,588 Er wr sot Sa iid host: ARE BERSICI LS 563,763 Ae des nt SE — i olf he pba Sr 585,423) 47,542] 144,181|183,273| 110,034| 73,074| 23,457| 3,383] 183] 296 601,310|| 37,137| 166,870| 183,431 111,272| 74,R06|124,193| 3,617 R13| 371 608,906) 30,483 186,087|180,831| 111,364| 71,909| 24,012 3,698] R30] 292 585,503] 30,700| 186,185|165,184| 104,067| 70,979| 24,073| 3,813] 202 300 612,416) 35,716| 193,896|169,492| 111,437| 72,768| 24,835| 3,791] 231] 230 597,834|l 41,409) 186,299|163,604| 107,564| 70,383| 24,023] 4,043] 232] R77 662,058] 48,221 199,711f181,900| 119,092] 80,829| 27,083| 4,587] 275 = 360 35895,920|| 3,607| 24,269) 25,164 23,258] 14,374| 4,407| 246 2 593 3694,669 3,959] 23,724] 26,065 22,443| 13,726] 4,189 295 3] 265 3890, 703 3,994| 23,011] 26,851 20,415| 12,135 3,636] 231 2: "378. 36g9,748| 4,099] 21,883 27,364] 20,260 11,807 3,625] R35 1. 475 36gg, 392|| 4,476] 20,772] 27,127| 19,298| 10,973| 3,297 237 ne 3sgg, 913 4,915 20,276] 26,716 19,968 11,411] 3,311 231 Bl in = : 3: 42,382) ' 2,285] 10,301] 12,784 9,693| 5,601 1,646 108 - 14 inc. Islands : . 98a ne hss dines #598, 531 et] ro rik — _— —— — =] OA inns ron sae ales #602,982 = on =i oe a Ganev hilly tain 527,708)" —— a - —— meat nal 507,776| 11,259] 88,688) 150,089| 121,552| 81,678| 29,778| 4,025 632|20,075 627,757|| 10,785 100,674|197,179] 158,714| 95,523| 34,927| 4,889] 613| 24,453 419,848( 8,138 63,304|109,014| 107,729] 79,237| 29,106] 4,211 674|18,435 506,180) 11,769] 87,736|143,872| 123,554| 81,844| 30,775 4,500] 700|21,370 565,801) 12,501 111,761} 170,654 129,670| 81,792| 31,046) 4,605 694|23,078 - 613,691 12,344 122,407|188,873| 139,984| 89,109| 33,420| 5,434| 996|21,124 632,535] 12,974] 129,893] 196,273 143,793| 92,448| 33,825| 4,884|1,391|17,054 637,921) 13,248| 130,249|199,127( 145,879 90,223| 35,157| 5,156|1,366|17,516 rae 667,866) 13,541] 137,312|R05,791| 152,273| 98,030 37,850| 5,514|1,132|16,423 670,670|| 13,459| 137,619| 211,083 151,031| 98,006| 37,515| 5,324] 698|15,935 awa 649,278|| 12,911| 130,310|203,275| 148,971| 96,652| 38,357| 5,265] 755|12,780 ; 660,860 12,393| 130,694] 203,084 153,735 99,283| 39,403| 5,297|1,065 15,906 126,535|| 5,757] 9,981] 35,891) 30,645 18,011] 5,814] 435 3 - 115,030|| 5,061 26,886] 33,363 27,689) 16,219] 5,347 463 2 - Pha ie wis tel ls 100,908|| 5,313] 24,448] 29,277 23,098| 13,657 4,754] 361 2 - eis ve 97,304f 5,777] 23,013] 28,130 22,197| 13,068 4, r688| -429 2] = vishinleien oa ais 98, 739 6,023 22,399] 28,604 22,888| 13,466 4,880 477 2 - esas ieain ins aren 95,334|| 5,365] 22,062 27,577 21,976| 13,072 4,834] 448 - - 91,756|| 4,931] 21,288] 26,660 20,973| 12,639] 4,832] 430] = 3 - 90,259l| 4,649] 21,114] 25,828 20,788] 12,462] 4,903 512 3 - 87,081| 4,579] 20,656] 24,756] 19,648| 12,151 4,791] 489 2 o 86,286] 4,610|° 20,146 24,007| 19,567| 12,296 5,107| 551} 2 - 86,159) 4,553] 20,274) 24,071] 19,201] 18,266 5,225 565] 4 - 90,982) 4,937] 21,680] 25,064 20,215) 12,957| 5,568 554 ait 92,41R|l = 4,958] 21,998] 25,367] R0,400{ 13,267 5,769 645 8 = rasa 95,407 5,075] 2,828] 25,782] * 20,773| 14,065 6,216 669 1. - 4:0 vv’ la i of mother Total = : -—a TF births : s 30-34 | 55-39 5 . 45-49 3 years' |years | yea: years | Country and year pa Switzerland: : Y AO li : | 85,627 - rich a ra Baa A ers 83,049 3 : 24,892] 27,213 194d... a 78,875 ,390| 13, 24,433 22,593 i 71,928 : 22,735| 20,387 1040.0 ivan a dane 64,115 : , 20,793| 17,796 1939. ented an aiaiainie s 63,837 425 5 21,285 17,856 1938.. ; aoe 63,790 ¢ . 21,077 17,818 2957 5 ie vias uh eae 6,480 : ; 21,030] 16,844 1936.. ; a 64,966| 1, : 21,756] 17,663 1935. . 66,378 ,%6 : 22,312] 17,815 ] 67,277 : 2 22,351 17,958 Q928..00u 0 seh, . 67,509 : ; 22,357 173801 1932. 68,650 . ,999| 22,454] 18,222 Union of South Africa {(Bropeans) . " oa eam ra ahh BL, 288) rn — =n inal vb \ 53,765 + e—m —— — — — 55,143 3,608] 15,512] ' 116,324 ' '1}1,799} ' 6,840 54,569 3,535) 15,421] 16,188]: 11,251("+ 5,987 54,439 3,727] + <14,868| 16,413) 1X,276] 5,871 455,817 3,533 14,715] ' 15,987] k11,368}% "5,630 52,065 3,509] 14,409] - 15,834] 10,858] ' 5,030 50,873 3,385] 14,239] 15,384 10,338] 5,034 ' 48,630 3,074] 13,514 14,871 9,484) 5,241 47,717 2,938] ' 13,524] 14,417 8,705 | 5,521 44,878 2,749] 12,811}. 13,646 8,179| 5,374 ; 44,519 2,790 © 12,130] 13,639 7,665] 5,642 siniens 44,944 2,957) 12,524] 13,085 7,708] 6,007 BO TOBT tives s dinis wns svinn weit 435,423 3,114] 12,952] “12,973 8,433] 6,122 1930s eevee’ . oy 47,534 3,153] 713,504] ' 12,617 8,940] 6,402 United States: bt AOAL, esis n nt 2,794,800( 304,695 866,946] 769,015| 511,869|263,442 ; : 2,934,860] 347,287| 930,015] 8R%,249| 510,413(248,870 2,808,996(| 344,881| 97,661] 76R,699| 46%,380(R20,999 R,513,4R7| 320,118] 804,601] 692,382| 420,014|206,337 2,360,399] 304,004| 738,436 645,867| 400,285|201,120 2,R65,538| 298,886) 704,121] 61R,632| 380,684|199,71R T1988. swt ue ean sinners enannsie sili t 2,286,0621 201,593 720,383) 611, 135],1377, 399202, 572 1987s ricns vannneee . ?,R03,337[| 288,315] 692,253 533,582] 362,315|201,407 : Visine viola 2,144,790|| 272,161| 667,019 565,830| 353,834|203,034 2,155,105) R73,441) £60,381 504,425 357,474|%14,267 2,187,636) 269,112 658,507} 564,836] 368,954|215,489 2,081,232) R53,815| 620,418] 539,606 353,495|218,411 2,074,042) R50,255| 613,199] 527,881 351,900{221,271 2,112,760|| 255,527| 623,230 534,233| 359,925|228,536 2,208,958] 269,898] 649,853] 549,537| 378,446]|240,891 a bares ate, ¥n addition to stillbirths, infants born alive but dying before vegtstration of birth. des data for 41 communes of Eupen, Malmédy, and Moresnet, not under Belgian administration. b : sory of 1939, according to Treaty of Neuilly, signed, Nov. 27, 1919. : Lie i are number of baptisms as recorded in parish registers. ; ? i) Ll ay udes 93,688 illegitimate births, not tabulated by age of mother. r ata are fer Bohemia and Moravia only, representing approximately 50 percent of the population of the ~ original Czechoslovak Republic which included in addition, Sudetenland, Czecho-Silesia, Slovakia, and Subcarpathian Ruthenia Fanaa Births of German nationals are excluded. Data includes stillbirths. ot for 1941, data refer to births registered; for 1941 data are births occurring. See also footnote id table 8, Pp. 100. ! orate for 6 months only, July through Dec. ta are for 86 departments only, excluding Corsica and 3 departments which comprise Alsace~Lorraine. a are for 87 departments only, excluding 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. SUnless otherwise specified, data are for Altreich, i. e., territory of 1937, including the Saar. ge of mother is based on year of her birth, and does not necessarily represent her exact age when ; i confinement occurred. : ate exclude the Saar. : ess. otherwise specified, data are for territory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. a are for the Trianon Territory plus the Northern Territories, Subcarpathia, and Transylvanie, ‘are for the Trianon Territory plus the Northern Territories, and Subcarpathia. ha a are for the Trianon Territory plus the Northern Territories, a are for legitimate births only; total births were 937,546. \ PE Except for 1944, total births differ from those shown in tables 8 and 12 because illegitimate births sub-— NH 2 sequently legitimized ("recognized legitinates") are excluded from these figures. - ’ 24Data are for Japanese only. 28Excludes data for Karafuto which became part of Japan proper, Apr. 1, 1943. ta are confinements only. For Palestine and Sweden, stillbirth confinevents are included. nless otherwise specified, data are for territory of 1938, i. e., including Klaipeda (Memel) and xcluding Vilnius. : i 3 i “Excludes Klaipeda (Memel) and Vilnius. Klaipeda was annexed by Germany, Mar. 21, 1939. ; ta for sample area including 265 municipios and comprising 16 percent of the population at the 1940 census. Total births,1940-1942: 875,471, . 878,935, and 940,067, respectively. 3%pgdition of age groups gives total of 739, a9. Yd ata are for "settled" population, exdlrfing nomadic Beduins. ‘ £0 o fers slightly from figure shown in table 8, p. 98, because it excludes a number of records received | too late for tabulation. 3Data are for year ending June 30. cludes data for Bessarabia and northern Bukovina, replaced under Rumanian administration in July 1941, ‘but excludes Transylvania and Dobrudja. See note 35 below. B5h clude date for Hesserabis and the northern helf of Bukovina, ceded to the U.S.S.R., Aug. 2, 1940; ~ two=thirds of Transylvania ceded to Hungary, Aug. 30,' 1940; and one-third of Dobrudja ceded to Bulgaria, 22 Sept. 7, 1940. ee Dif fers slightly from figures shown in table 8, p. 99, and in all official birth trends for Scotland. gistration States, excluding South Dakota and Texas in 1930 and 1931, and Texas in 1932. ' Compiled from official yearbooks and vital statistics reports for each SOUThIYs and from selected ‘secondary sources. See complete bibliography on p. R38. . frsling NRE MC Bi x a Pr tel EA Bn Rh ye 1 (xe sive of stillbirths. Y Rates are the average a of births to women in a specified age group per 1, 000 renate 1 po} IRs Lats * group: Births to women of unknown age have been distributed according to the percentages of births in each .age group. > indicates that rates for the period were computed on an enumerated population. All others are computed on estimates) ’ he ¢ i SE, L 5 wi 3 : ; Age of mother i 1 ; 5 : . Gountry. aud pended Total® | "der | 20-24 | e529 | so-42 | 55m 5 yours? years years years years Australia (ex. aboriginals): : 1041-2008 yee k ruins ie 66.2 24.3 125.9 148.2 107.3 60.2 x 1940~1942...... 63.1 24.0 118.8 142.8 101.8 +. 587 Austria: : TORB TORR. dana en od ah 45.5. ias/8 |. -m0.8 89.7]. 69.8 45.5 J Belgium: © 4 c) 1940-1942... .. ys esit eres sas dx ulein's - 43.7 13.6 |, 82.2 108.0 79.0 48.0 . Bulgaria:® a - < AOBL 1080 2 ves isin siain sisiv's wieibiwinints 104.9 52.6 198.8 193.0 128.5 78.5 i Canada (ex. Yukon and N. W. “Nrr. w Bare AO4R-ABAA tie ss ons snnis winnie vee 84.6 31.8 * 144.5 171.0 131.3 85.9 i 1940-1942. ....cunnnn Fe iieteieie un age 79.8 30.7 138.3 160.7 124.6 81.4 hi Chile: | i - gy Trd Cl 1930-0041 au va slse oi so wesv anne 119.3 80. 4 161. 0 192.6 185.2 142.3 COLOMDER Jolie » win o's aikiss faiate ain Sie onl 2) 7) 7 LY {7 (7) Czechoslovakia: : \ 1934-1986... sis s suv sivies cs wiaeleis, 60.8 R%.7. 117.6 120.2 83.6 50,1 Denmark (ex. Faroe “Isiande)s > 942-0948, 4 i uitelie este sin miniae ah: 69.8 R8.7 134.3(. 154.2 112.71. 162.9 A930=10AT. vie vie ssin.eie vivia nie sinie Fi 60.4 26.5 114.9: 132.5 93.6 53.5 En:land and Wales:® v 1OB0=N040 0 tun i 9 shina emis wins wiainies 47.8 i 15.5 95.1}. 112.9 79.9 45.9 Estonias GBT L088 wavaieine sv nuns. dete 53.2 14.0 - 96.8 113.9 92.0 61.0 J Finland: . : . 3 1940-1942..... RR A SE al B8l.90 > -12.7 95.2 129.1 104.8 5 13.5 JOB NOAM, i'n oe elojuin nisin lalnin nn ie 67.0 14.9 108.3 138.9 110.3 77.4 1936-1988. vive vnnes FURIE 63.8 14.6 100.7 125.9 103.01 + 76.0 France:® ; ; JOA0-JIARO 0, ss vteuieinnis sinalin’s 46.8 20.0 98.7 118.4 84. 49.1 1937-1938, ces ne cnn vnnnehmsin ni 52.2 23.5 138-4 123.5 80.7 44.1 JOBB1OB7 « v ui sininis o sini nie vain oe 54.0 27.7 120.2 118.9 79.1 44.3 % Germany: ’ SE 1936-19361 RB sn aes 63.8 14.7 112.3 145.6 112.5 61.9 : EI OTBE0R vests ia stn A (7) a) ¢%) (7) ¢7) 7) re Hungary: : ’ ER A a aps Bas 3 67.0 38.5 152.0] 7 130.3 83.3 Pit ute T036-19383 2. svete SR 68.2 59. 2 135.0 135.1 92.3 59.6 wo Zeeland... .i..ovss A ae a ea . %) i) 7) 2) (7) 7) Wo Italy: ! ' : fn Foe! 1985108 Thy sans snenensnsvain oe 82.0 18.01 111.8), (162.2 140.5 10R.0 J Japan (proper): : : : 1989-1940. ccuvucsnecnnnrccnnns 104.2 .1R.6 139.7 222.9 190.3 137.3 RN Latvia: / 7 : 2 Dorgaeny iin, J ke 62.5 . R3.0 75.0 130.7 |i 210 R 72.7 Lithuaniad.. 0, Si eee iat ie 47) (7) 7) (7) ¢7y {7 Mexico: ; POE reste yer tunes (7) 7) o) (7) 7) 7) J 1920-19311%......... eiein nleints laine 157.0 117.4 228.5 42.9 21.7.0 158.1 ET Netherlands: i . 1940-0941, ven sin ne suvnsescvadans 70.7 10.5 84.9 156.8 138.0 81.5 1938-1940. . ine 71.3 10.3 85.8 152.4 140.3 94.8 1086-1938. cuessivsivecnsvsvssas re 70.3 10.5 81.7 146.0 137.5 94.6 New Zealand (ex. Maoris): i : TA 0943. 0s vinedsvwinis nes sess . 85.7 15.5 110.9 153.2 113.8 64.4 Fie 2% la 1940-1940 0 500 vs ce nwnisnnesnsnnne 74.5 0.5 133.9 175.4 125.1 1 68.5 5d Mie oN Norway: ¢ 3 520 a ; Braet Na tiv wwe ae 51.6 9.7 7.6 109.41" 96.6 61.5 Bes Palestine sve svvoinnitecrivnsinassin ra . {%) {75 (7) (% (7) (7) A .. Perat® (ex. Jungle population): : Si = SOARES eval hs ed 103.3 50.0 |. 166.2) . 171.7] 146.41 104.1 $ 1940-19411°.......... sie ieivie wise 102.2 49.4 162.9 171.1 142.6 104.8 fi See footnotes on p. 115. 114 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 11.— AVERAGE ANNUAL BIRTH RATES, SPECIFIC FOR ACE OF MOTHER: 36 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, SELECTED YEARS—Continued (Exclusive of st111births. Rates are the average number of births to women in a specified age group per 1,000 female population of that group . Births to women of unknown age have been distributed according to the percentages of births in each age group. Underlining indicates that rates for the period were computed on an enumerated population. All others are computed on estimates) Age of mother " : 1 ; § y 50 Contry and, period Total Cer 20-24 | 25-20 | 30-34 | 35-39 | 40-44 | 45-49 | years years? years years years years years years and over Poland: ‘ 1830103 «e's s disisessnovsnseines 105.0 R5.6 148.5 | "194.6 167.6 11.2 55.1 9.7 Td Portugal (inc. Islands): 1950104 sie ce cnn sir sner vain is 87.2 1.5 131.8 174.2 148.1 113.1 53.6 8.7 0.2 Rumania..... eo esas civ siasin nine sie inne ¢7) (7) (7) {%) (7) (7) (7) (% {%) Scotland: 3 1941-1948. . cen vsvinnnens wivie ene 60.8 66.9 119 0 6 42.9 0.9 1940-194R...cvrnenn “tne viv 57.9 61.5 113.2 — 40.3 0.8 1939-1941. sevens ss wsisvns nny 57.7 60,1 — 13.1 40.2 0.8 Spain® (inc. Islands): ’ JORO=LIBL ce venrar arenes cove 98.5 11.6 121.6 A1.7 181.7 135.3 57.5 9.1 1.6 Sweden: T° ; 1040-1942 vescesvens isin sdoies 53.8 22,0 9R.0 113.9 89.8 56.5 R1.1 2.0 0.0 ! 1939-1941. .vesoseornssrriensns 51.1 RR.3 87.9 106.7 84.3 53.5 20.8 "RO 0.0 ~ Switzerland: 1941-19484 ves eessenrcarassonnsy 59.3 8.8 82.3 146.2 125.0 62.5 ’2.9 1.8 0 JO40-1942%. saiensiseneis'ss risen 54.7 8.1 75.8 133.8 109.7 62.8 20.8 0.9 Union of South Africa (Buropeans): 1940-194 eescerros noes YE 88.6 37.3 160.7 171.1 125.2 84,5 30.3 4.6 0.2 1935-1937. 000s. ever 86.4 3%. 145.7 163.4 130.6 84.5 37.7 6.2 0.1 United States: 1939194 sees csnitonsernanins 60.1 50.1 17.3 115.4 77.5 42.3 13.8 1.4 0.0 NATALITY hoo 115 Footnotes to table 11. #Provisional. \ 3 1Based on births to mothers of all ages, but computed on female population 15-54 years only. 2Based on births to mothers under 20 years but computed on female population 15-19 years. 3Based on births to mothers 50 years and over but computed on female population 50-54 years. “Excludes the 41 communes of Eupen, Malmedy, and Moresnet, not under Belgian administration. SData exclude in addition to stillbirths, infants born alive but dying before registration of birth. STerritory of 1939, according to Treaty of Neuilly, signed, Nov. 27, 1919. ‘ 7Rate not computed because comparable population and births by age of mother are not available for recent years. For absolute nuubers, see table 10, p. 104. ; ®Rates are based on registered births, and computed on civilian ‘population. See also footnote 27, table 8, DP. 100. 9Data for 87 departments only, excluding the 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. 19pata for Altreich, i. e., territory of 1937, including the Saar. 11pata include stillbirths; for age-limited live birth rate, see table F, p. 20. 12)pge of mother is difference between year of her birth and year of confinement, and does not necessarily represent her exact age when confinement occurred. 13pata for Trianon Territory, plus the Northern Territories, Subcarpathia, and Transylvania. Rates computed on population which is somewhat too high. 14pata for territory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 18Data for Japanese only. Rates exclude illegitimate births, subsequently legitimized ("recognized legitimates"). 1®Data are confinements only. For Sweden, stillbirth confinements are included. Tor true age—-limited birth rate for Mexico and Sweden, see table F, p. 20. 17Rates computed on population somewhat too low because it does not include that part not covered by the census. See table 4, p. 80. 7 i 18Data for year ending June 30. 191940 data include; 730 stillbirths. Source: Based on average births derived primarily from data in table 10 and computed on population from table 3, as well as other estimates not given in this report. AS TEE Tr Y < INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 12.—NUMBER OF SINGLE AND MULTIPLE DELIVERIES, AND NUMBER CF LIVE BIRTHS AND STILLBIRTHS ("Deliveries" refer to confinements resulting in either single or plural 1ssue, live births 3 ] Namber of deliveries + Country and year Total deliveries Legitimate - Illegitimate mlti- || single | Milti- | gine | Malti- Single ple : ple ple . i SLE (sx. goriglealedy. 146,114 1,67 139,723 1,568 6,391 59 Rik LOE eaves svesniinnisiinnnintsnssesesooe 133,802| 1,480 128,614] 1,431 5,188 49 gi! IO Vs sun v's so enen inna snnvaitnsnonion 131,692] 1,449 126,635 | 1,392 5057 57 Br 840s eis conisn sonic sosivensesinsesassssnssie 123,850 1,280 119,140 1,47 4,710 33 Bh D100 0 eiaivioisuis.s/a sinis s'5 sivas ns sss uioisiesenaine 120,377 1,280 115,471 1,226 4,906 54 i EE ois is visaiein wieinin 3 nines s wein + 0 Hines 117,999] 1,248 113,041] 1,203 4,958 45 PPT PE PEP PREP PRP PPPS 116,595 1,304|| © 111,534] 1,851 5,061 "53 BE | 1OBB eis cowinsis snes vininnssssiassns nse 113,688) 1,229 108,661] - 1,178 5,027 51 i OR Mies owas sos sinensis snsesine sens ssi 109,092] 1,157 104,286 1,106 4,806 51 Austria: i BL 10BA. uch rican revsanra hes any 91,785 1,144 67,379 879 | 24,406 - 265 ~~ Belgium:* ® : ! E1040, sieviraisvansnssvhrsinesnnnsiorasense 113,321] S1,201 109,727] © 1,173 3,594 21 L085 a uaiaiew oss sian ns ninnns nessun inna 130,313: 51,247 126,178 | 1,202 3,935 36 ~ Bulgaria:l® : : ES RO NE RSE SE 133,531 1,502 129,329 | 1,457 4,202 45 ; OBE ress vive nvstinss samansnssronyansne 140,813| 1,614 136,708 | 1,572 4,105 42 OB coh dias a inane vues aides nine 149,019] 1,669 144,755| 1,631 4,264 38 BOGE nese rassnennsevesanasssindesiossese 157,177) 1,853 152,801 1,820 4,286 33 OB ele ssa vissson es isonoorsenssersvesion 158,881 1,811 —_— a. re — ~ Canada (ex. Yukon and N.W. Territories): GAA sash sn senna va nae 284,563 3,167 Zi as re ors BLO as ate nei 's slaia d's s £4 809s 04s Fin ain 284,003] 3,175 oe = ed Hr DOD eta vsiisusssineisanerasinnnlinan ns 273,331 3,044 = a st — TOA gis oieis sinsinisins woud waisasswsennsnssnse 256,357] 2,910 Sr sl 7 ons AGA0 os sre srs avs snes inns as ane 245,370 2,783 — = aie 2 HOBT, evaibionnianininivn ss vis sonia nines vin ye an 230,413] 2,702 A i ot a OBB esis eis clei nnn be 4s ie une he masses 230,444 2,703 ced a Leth es 0057s sicenisoine er ernsnsesnsiansiisnensins 221,235 2,624 — — — =e IDB rises is sist weois tas iss nia 2 ua inna 'R21,428| 2,631 1 ol — en 1985. cttnuencurentinatucientnennns : RR2,618 R,6R4 — —— ——— ee ' Ceylon:? OBO etl r sirens sass nuns misasish nares 209,523 1,289 — — — — 0958 ea isiensioh ss enismsniesinenshesassnne 205,702 1,340 —— rt Scie eo JOE tanner nin niiessen nnsnarin non 213,515 1,273 =i oe —ir =z 1950 a dala waiains sian ei ninesananenevesnesn 189,520 1,268 ae er de ne : HSB ss env snosnenissns soon vonseevnise 190,721 1,014 — — — ms Chile: HOR, este ans sins enous esos nsession 172,691 2,845 — -— — — DOA oy sid a satis nonin ninnaninsisn tan 168,931 2,110| li rf mic sa 9400 ce csiois Va ssnssssoiossnssseseviacsns 169,031 2,799 — —_— -— —-— HO30ie wives enasnsvovensisaisinnesssonsviesss . 165,348 3,091 —_— — —— — 988 sn ssissns snes ssndioerosirehasetseies 157,009 3,074 —_— in — — OE ev kia cloinin wis win a sin olen ae 154,940| 3,317 en oe = oe HHIOBE cov eleins oin'ains ssieesssessss sense 158,243 3,272 —-— —— -— —— . lata o aon = knit it woman ain de mie 154,459 3,264 = Ee fra ' Czechoslovakiaz Bohemia and Moravia:*? 104s eieesivenns varie snsasssnsnivivsvanes's 129,550 1,642 —— ——— —_— —— JOA Lelslaein os siaininin sss abine'ais sisssnsis nin savas 121,950 1,515 —— —_— : Be Ch - Acs anseaidsnaininnnin sive vanes diamines 119,513 1,512 =i mts 2m =o OBO eye e woinias o's we 5s was cm nin nw iawn a 106,551] 1,454 Hoa Sis pet ed OB eh ech siue cnanvies dla dinini ek 103,097, 1,405 bs es hs he See footnotes on p. 16. Number of infants resulting from multiple deliveries Total infants Legitimate Illegitimate \ j Live Still Live Still Live A11- $ births births births births | births births fe : Australia (ex. aboriginals): = 2 EERE aa) 88 3,067 84 114 4 1943 Fs 2,906 69 2,812 64 94 5 1942 a RIN 2,833 76 2,723 72 110 4 1941 | S 2,497 72 2,432 7% 65 1 1940 i 2,514 re 2,408 | 106 3 1939 2,416 89 2,325 89. 91 - 1938 2,536 83 R,434 79 102 4 1937 2,385 84 2,286 81 99 3 1936 2,233 85 2,138 78 95 27 1935 BE ’ Austria: ; Ja 3 2,156 142 23,768 (3) 2530 (3) 10934: - tn hk : : Belgium:* ® i SHA 72,231 178 2,173 173 37 5 1940 f 92,263 240 2,180 224 56 16 1935 / : Bulgaria © i a Be 2,880 | 140 2,797 133 83 7 1939 3,140 112 3,063 104 77 8 1938 Se 3,236 15 8,165]: “110 7 5 1937 Siwy i 3,590 130 3,528 126 62 4 1936 SE 3,534 110 . — _— —] a 1935 Si Ele 2 ) Canada (ex. Yukon and N.W. Territories 6,076 286 = Ba — oe? 1944 fq IR 6,051 327 = ot Se — 1943 Nae 5,838 276 — — — ee 1942 3 SEs 5,508 334 = chi — ert 1941 5,281 299 — = fis = 1940 5,132 288 == — i — 1939 5,131 297 eh — — — 1938 ; : 4,959 316 Hl Co oe — 1937 ; i SA 4,994 . R99 rt ta — — 1936 : 4,969 313 = — — — 1935 : : : .Ceylon:1? : wad 2,588 a — a — fle oir) 1939 : 2,687 ver — is _— ere] 9 1038 2,557 i Eo Sy —— wer 1937 2,540 | 2 4 an — ae 1936 2,034 vas me t's — as 1935 } Chile: : . 5,448 262 — re — —_— 1942 x pe 4,011| 233 — — = —— 1941 NRA 5,369 240 8 — Lind — 1940 ; ie 5,954 243 et Fi tree Lh 1939 : bv 5,898 259 Ie il th — 1938 Ce 6,451 187 — — Ce ad 1937 6,348 203 nt — = — 1936 : 6,339 201 = — s== t= 1935 ; : TaEE } ‘Czechoslovakias 3 : : | Bohemia and Moravia:*? da 3,134 166 2,966 154 168 12 1942 TaN 2,885 164 2,708 143 177 21] 1941 Bo fois evo 850, 179 2,698 164 153 15 1940 xi 2,728 193 2,495 163 233 30 1939 : 2,643 182 2,465 166 178 16 1938 i Bh s i V Number of deliveries + = = Total deliveries Legitimate Illegitimate Single Multi ple Single Mulbi- ple Single Multi~ ple ree lente) ili 080 oe oi viva mas avis aia inr en iss a nee BOL esos eidnsemsnniosovsiisdnsesmsaven AO200s see sie sss nnnrrsnisasrnsisrnns se BOZO ss sa sve dra nase nea ae B1938Y dc vba vnesnesosensyssosnnrensense EE SR pA NAL SD lntin ois 5.6.8 vis wi + a 4% Anns ern a Suber JB ess sossesscerssssesstnesssvsnsnre nican Republica? BOARS eines ane LAL 1940* i ei hiein ain as suns een oo 3% ie siees0seesccnsssvscsosinsecesersisne BE cre vssss ess reason nensvesvesssesines A ee ais sls via sinis a soma nies nk or cue BEaeonaenranntatnnaaittonttaancnnns rt DAD oh ioimicia s sieidin ness sian sninien snes sevens nd and Wales:® Les eed sv 000 viv sion win ness aprivn sine 0). ein e's vein stinons sis snsssnsionsinssone HOB els ale ssiennse vive snonsnnsneininerven se ias 5 aiais sis dina c ivvioe nt vinnie one PAI . 1085 sens ssensenroveisvnesanverins nnn ind : 195%¢/s ets sin nnesislss ae Laka deed alee GB a asian series sans manana anurans BS eo ss shiva vines ans snssn same nce:® j 194277, 0 cueirnruennniiteitetaianee 4127 Reisen vans oneal saniins cosas eli M2007 Js line av sian nainisen sn van be MOBORTC IL waivis v/asinnivisn nin diven da neshus sue LOBE sod i veislo mii wasie siu sn oinsininonins B08 lis iels s ssivis vis sinninh nun Sonn nsianininn EOsatasetasscc stators neinrurananrs BOER near ai a tanes BOEBBO, LL teense rina ee 19370uu ieee teeta IOB5 es ciasssonrinvssressnonsnversnsnee Greece: E050 a glee sess van sssssnsmnsssranessnss] 83,542 78,913 70,903 69,725 87,704 68,225 67,070 66,180 64,746 70,972 52,605 121,763 52,160 41,996 54,369 55,059 121,139 585,726 615,057 628,521 1117,615 1177) 658 17.676 71,779 68,536 €9,662| 548,753 497,541 541,784 592,164 621,156 625,295 638,675 ‘648,310 1,405,429 1,343,174 1,275,019 1,279,821 1,265,828 183,449 179,868 189,614 © 188,952] 1,312 1,159 1,036 1,100 1,012 994 1,059 990 1,072 828 368 728 ‘304 234 342 R62 687 7,087 7,319 7,539 R86 281 R97 1,140 1,066 1,053 5,874 5,354 6,061 6,259 6,585 6,952 6,936 7,046 20,298 18,457 16,705 16,027 15,551 2,895 2,884 2,730 2,663 63,519 61,780 62,090 61,106 60,498 58,774 26,090 19,405 38,864 19, 560 16,554 19,326 19,587 "78,076 553,916 588,490 © 601,889 180,894 177,468 187,165 186,582 1,028 952 916 1980 922 992 2,853 2,856 2,700 2,625 6,206 5,924 6,135 5,964 5,682 5,972 44,882 33,200 82,899 32,600 25,442 35,043 35,472 43,063 31,810 26,567 26,632 561) . R41 495 | 187 131 R37 R66 369 304 92 = ber of infants resulting from mu \ tiple deliveries Total infants Legitimate { Illegitimate Still- births : Live ~ births Still- births Live births Live births Stiil- births 22,636 22,330 22,084 2,082 1,901 1,865 2,018 1,880 2,023 #1661 739 21,459 608 2468 2686 | 2524 52,875 © 13,259 | 113,722 14,136 od 542 523 + 551. 0 Re, 200 § 2p 133 2108 10,855 9,773 11,299 LL, 45] '213,R89 213,971 N23 024 12,884 33,664 35,R51 i 31,775 130,495 29,603 5,688 5,665 5,368] 5,199 8 7 12 10 9 19 Denmark (ex. 1943 1942 1941 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 Dominican Republic:® 194214 194114 194014 1939 1938 1937 1936 Ecuador $1216 1943 | England and Wales:® 1941 1940 1939 Estoniasz 1937 1936 1935 | Finland: 1937 1936 1935 France: ® 194217 1941*7 194017 193917 1938 1937 1936 1935 Germany :12 19391° 193820 1937 1936 1935 Greece: 1938 1937 1936 1935 Sr of Number of deliveries Total deliveries Legitimate - Illegitimate fd Single Multi ple Single Multi- ple Single Malti ple Eas 1941%, ceuniinriierae ena Giaetetlonivieioees smioie is sion cininit sale bine TY 0000000 c00000000000000c000000000 $90000000000000209000000000000080 Oo hee voc entrar basses i den OL de creas hives sens hd inn eink ®ec0000000c0scn000s0cses000 00 Fo RE EE SS OEE Se Seine s sabrina sty sens soma dn A OBE elem en cvainssssivess senses seudesee LOBE... sy yuniavismssvansonsdutsvene psy (proper): 2a A RG eniiniss rans anasto sniess ann 194111 team i Yaz 194012 BG oaks alaivie sao rar a se 19391 BB, i essrtrnsiniiraraesnanins 1988. i [oiviaivisiaieivle vaio is sThiviniainioin sie sinis sivin ns 1088 ees Sedan ivinns avs nase vain 05a e ecru vivevion siiventisninisvsmmuinnny 1986. c0uiencentanrennanrainiaanasianes 1931. oS ie da Aeame sane wn sven a pre mek 19800 ueinn tienes ee sae © 113,986 109,498 104,963 108,605 103,518 288,466 234,741 203,509 183,044 183,234 184,339 190,598 2,558 64,502 ' 55,526 55,247 54,708 55,519 54,985 56,795 | 56,763 939,517 1,050,187 1,044,144 1,042,845 996,840 968,149 1,002,679 2,208,322 2,252,708 ~ 2,098,043 1,886,305 1,914,038 2,154,490 a 159,763 2€ 3250, 651 35,866 34,322 34,902 35,716, 63,617 62,026 62,621 909 846 751 812 642 | 3,386 2,691 2,363 2,102 2,189 2,156 2,137 “eS 804 625 669 - 678 ' 700 “747 658 748 12,823 14,172 14,771 14,193 13,727 13,303 13,859 12,630 12,233 8,881 7,508 7,119 8,089 7,745 8,533 623 591 647 873 693 || 766 173,306 2,039 62,151 | 53,583 53,447 52,955 53,679 53,204 54,927 54,860 999,897 954,804 923,829 954,357 2,031,446 2,115,010 32,406 30,978 31,539 30,549 — 770 609 658 664 681 27 128,312 137,626 ‘3,460 3,344 3,363 3,167 Lia Jo Ae Number of infants resulting tron mttiple deliveries Total Tarints 1 Legitinets Tleattingte Live Still- births Live births © Still births Live births Stille births 21 826 21,698 21) 505 2), 631 21201 i Guatemalas 1943+ 19424 1941 1940 11939 Hungary:21 194122 194023 193924 1938 1937 1936 1935 Iceland: . 1935 - Treland (Eire): 128 1942 1941, 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 Italy: 1941 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 depen (proper) 134 194212 25 26 26 Lithuania:*? 1932 1931 1930. —NMER OF c stole a HoLTIPLE DELIVERIES, A (vDeltvertesy Telfer to confinenents. resulting in e15ner single or pura tse & fo : Country and year Number of deliveries : | Total deliveries Legitimate Tllegitimate Single Multi- ple Single Multi— ple Single Malti- ple sesso0cscssesssessesessssecsorone ®ve 000 ess sss be sss sssevseecel kT Maoris): ; oy i a A i di @e0cs00ssssssevs0sess0esse00000 esses cs sssecessessesecsssnsene ®es esses sesrscssssasenneessnsne teers essccesrstcettsrrrscnernnans I I “0 9v css ess ssssscestsess sO essen od LN Joe sins seniavsinsstnsrsnrsrnsarannnne jungle population): ®0s0cecc000ss sss esse ss0ssnc0sene ue eisisisinin ces evieisrivevcneiseissiedey JB Lie ale sie cn violsin sins svsinevssye sn sividnee rtugal (inc. Azares and Madeira Is.): / 944. ©0000 es secon ess sess cen I 60 isacessssesetesannsrssssssesna 41. ines ss annngraninninsadenan 181, 534 184,719 180,735 178,578 170,128 171,650 170,398 R9,638 52, 768 35) 136 52,952 + 29,064 27,334 26,151 25,029 24,090 35,637 30,808 28,986 23,317 24,777 24,683 25,114 24,777 25,262 24,160 46,140 © 47,679 46,341 45,078 43,6153 42,129 41,211 57,133 55,927 179,211 164,079 153,185 163,352 / 924,490 954,083 205,937 202,522 191,948 189,006 2,181 2,426 2,380 2,273 2,230 2,208 2,201 335 402 466 401 333 328 311 R69 305 702 1,066 878 697 684 iriazz 12,368 2,354 2,370 2,215 2,052 167,711 169,002 167,714 28,199 31,443 33,825 31,628 27,918 26,159 24,941 23,869 23,020 98,520 89,513 83,260 867,445 895, 654 178,383 174,701 164,386 159,950 2,215 2,178 321 395 391 318 315 R94 264 294 571 62% 618 598 568 551 534 600 456 346 10,479 110,383 2,059 2,035 1,931 1,729 80,691 74,566 69,925 57,045 58,429 27,554 27,521 R7,562 29,056 466 422 351 642 685 R95 335 284 -3R3 a 3 3 ng or. sut1mbirins. Total deliveries are necessarily less: then total births mw any Elven perton i i . Sak Par | de Pay Bp : , pil ! | = Number of infants resulting from multiple deliveries = 3 Total infants Legitimate Illegitimate Country and year SRT ive Still- Live | still- Live Still- | births births I births births births births 5 Netherlands: oii a, 4,173 205 —_— — SE —— 1941 roa 4,590 294 — — mn Nr 1940 4,491 287 —-— = vs .1939 ; 4,306 254 Ri Lm — me 1938 7 4,228 258 4,200 256 28 2 1937 4,207 232 4,165 228 42 4 1936 i 4,163 254 4,119 252 44 R 1935 ait] : New Zealand (ex. Maoris): BE 673 4 645 “i 28 ve 194311 Beitr pv 806 cos 792 wes 14 ¥ 194211 856 79 845 78 ni 1 1941 Hes 735 69 716 6s ’ 19 1 1940 : 631 38 603 36 28 | 2 1939 3 624 34 602 30 22 4 1938 wi 583 41 552 38 31 3 1937 : 490 EL B0 481 49 9 1 1936 581 '32 560 30 21 2 1935 : Nicaragua s2 ; 527 oid — sos — AES 1944 23 : Northern Ireland:?® i 713 ws — ies -— eis 1943 & ; 6591: H.. — oh -— A 1942 Sy 570 ies — wus mn os 1941 GE 586 es — on -_— ay 1940 a NEN ses _— » el —_— Sele 1939 i 628| Soe oe < — ey 1938 oF 635 iy — aie — FI 1937 al a) 647 es — he —— si 1936 ! 582 ls me ao — se 1935 ; Norway: 1,119 84 1,066 83 53 1 1941 4 1,247} 95 1,162 87 85 8 1940 i 1,242 66 1,182 57 60 9 1939 wi 1,192 79 1,126 71 66| 8 1938 He 1,105 93 1,060 81 45 12 1937 : 151028 69 1,044 61 58 8 1936 1,060 84 992| 80 68 4 1935 ei Palestine:®® oh 1,375 39 — = rm Li 1941 Xi 1,304] BB" — — en me 1940 he Peru (ex, Jungle population): 7 2,137 b's 1,202 oie 935 on 194311 i | 1,761 cies 916 avs 845 . ve 194232 30 2S 1,436 vo 732 os 704 ee 194111 1,371 wu 725 ty 646 aes 1940% ; : Poland: ¥ ok 21,613] 4&3 7141 221,087 (2) 21,290 (2) 1932 22,424 804 221,855 (3) 2,375 (2) 1931 = #0 Portugal (inc. Azores and Madeira Is.): fag i 4,142 589 24,138 (3) 2593 (2) 1944 Aa 4 4,248 530 24,102 (3) 26761: (2) 1943 f 3,962 494 23,884 (3) 2572 3) 1942 3,559 573 3,040 442 519 |. 131 1941 746604 O - 47 - 9 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 12.—NUMBER OF SINGLE AND MULTIPLE DELIVERIES, AND NUMBER OF LIVE BIRTHS ANDSTILLBIRTHS ("Deliveries® refer to confinements resulting in either single or plural issue, live births Country and year Number of deliveries Total deliveries Legitimate Illegitimate Single |Multi~ fl ging1e | Mulbi- | g3507e | Mulbi- ple ple ple p Portugal (inc. Islands)—Continued BRB aD.ce. cree renner nnn arias 1080 ssn isisras senses vessionsnesssrvssrvns DEE srs tar aria Bir craeasitiirisan ri armrent HOB: nase sen tei tenet anne JOBS anit awe sie vise ss sees ess nee einsrees ee Scotland :2® { 10438, sess sstnnssroenrnvaroinsrnesie FOROS eras ins vnss siete nsresiisns BOE BY it te vera ss sa bee shee as RS Be hs evais miviore ins sins nia ae wn en a OER resid ovens tern ohinsisens BO sts chane mes hws skin ee in 1987 saris an ses snveoriaiorsreen 986, ca snnnascirvsesnsonssverssseiannaae NO BE vs eiss sone russnvsinsssrensovnseninses Spain® (inc. Balearic and Canary Is.): AGA, rsa se dv anne snares vrs snesivins \ OAR ovine oss vsinnissinnnsivsisnesssie LOA O3t feaia s sin sis vivre s wie eirmin mies win 0 nite oe EDLY. ein ais nines srnivwinn duisesn ee TID eu rns re rnb ee 198 es einnnsrienie seecssesscsesn “esses ces ccssessen ses er HIOBB oe aacinnvssninsiossvivassssnine Bh SCTE OB eis vials aia iww ois Sin an ee i 1936." +. IO BD asivisine sc aio'eisin ovis annineseenaiessense Sweden: A923, iaieainnis 1948. cn sssrnsenisrrassrecssassrnssnsins sssecse sees svssecoe “sess oe sesesse0scssess 00sec 000s { A940 ucercrerrsnsivanensrssarsssrsrsoes 1940 -vessssracesssnncoscstasasccsnnnse 1989. sue rareesessnnsnsrrersansmarens ces 19384 ceassasssssscsscessacsseancacncnse 1987 esse esssnrrivanenssnns sais sn entee ine gl 1936cceassescenrticconcnncnncsesionnes 1985. 0ussnrivensinncassssensrerensnsees Switzerland: 5 A948. aeeasseesersssnvessnnsosinnossorsns A04R sevens siarsnintenrsanvsaresinssiossen BF ees nsssnnnsssivnnsssnive sinsied ies ok LB 7 108 caals'vinive is nie OBE esas eninisisnviessonsavionsnsenes dense HOB T vie ainis so svanvins By ie LO BG aura win'n a.0n #0 0inin so wa 0iniuin olnis dies A985. senses es Wein eb so vrvenians Union of South Africa (Europeans): pre HEED anes nro deanreirrararase insane Beis OZ enieinvnins'sivnsinnianceive vio ensorinsie sian 1987s enien vaisivenissnevinnns A080 sms sn sinensis svrnnssdnrnnssrresseiens sss sess s svat sssonnse ve eeecoscosscssen IBD evninsa ses enssesessnaiesrivaminicresiens See footnotes on P. 126. 192,362 204,070 204,164 202,948 209,004 92,335 88,594 87,584 84,278 84,714 86,502 85,710 86,813 85,797 605,954 610,557 534,125 514,243 633,742 425,233 511,573 573,512 622,707 642,795 124,893 113,503 99,594 96,015 97,384 94,062 90,475 89,071 85,897 82,291 78,142 71,467 63,805 63,697 63,562 62,221 64,712 66,199 52,335 50,881 49,783 47,563 46,601 2,176 1,885 2,230 2,195 2,047 1,163 1,051 1,075 1,055 1,093 8R5 589 589 545 530 556 161,558 171,544 171,762 170,278 176,512 85, 254 82,240 81,762 79,250 79,598 113,801 102,933 88,654 84,657 85,264 81,992 78,648 77,048 75,545 1,854 30,804 32,526 32,402 32,670 32,492 7,079 328 R86 328 305 R54 EN “a NATALITY / RESULTING FROM MULTIPLE DELIVERIES, BY LEGITIMACY: 41 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, SELECTED YEARS—Continued or stillbirths. Total deliverles are necessarily less than total births in any given period) Mumber of infants resulting from multiple deliveries Total infants Legitimate Illegitimate Country and year 4 i 2 Live Sti1l- Live Still- Live Still- iid births births births births births births . 8 oi . EN Portugal (inc. Islands)—Continued A 13,780 597 3,260 471 520 126 1940 4,177 613 2,716 500 461 113 1939 3,896 583 3,338 482 558 101 1938 J 3,762 645 3,857 539| °° 505 106 1937 : — —lr — —_ — —_— 1936 ik 3,498 615 3,080 525 418 90 1935 3 i Scotland:?® y 7 4 2,336 Gs 2,196 a 140 Sue 19433 v Ale 2,109 Sl 1,947 ree 162 yi, 194232 5 R,164 os 2,038 .e- 126 ce 1941%* So 2,114 aia 1,998 ie 116 wv 19403 5 2,199 aiid 2,071 25s 128 x 19393% : 2,125 > rr ve —= a 1938 2,100 Sew A one — ok “1937 ‘ 2,115 HL — ses —_— i 1936 ; 2,131 sve ae wee — Jee 1935 : A : Spain® (inc. Balearic and Canary Is.): iA 212,039 =) PE = em == 19443 212,103 (3) por el =i — 19433 210,548 {2} red — oir ry 19423 210,138 (2) Slit = — cr 1941 : 213,168 {3) ero Fr re ie 1940 “4 28,587 (2) ii 2 ee — 1939 \ 29,384 (2) . oe fre A pm 1938 iri 29,720 £2) LE = te 1937 To 210,844 £2} _— ee —— -— 1936 Le 211,528 (3) — — — ree 1935 } Sweden: ; ha 3,104 196 2,870 191 234 5 1943 a 2,879 186 2,677 178 20% 8] 1942 fd 2,459 a8? 2,252 165 207 17 1941 2h 2,417 165 2,177 143 240 22 1940 en 2,517 203 2,241 174 276 29 1939 2,363 191 2,083 168 280 23 1938 z 2,360 211 2,116 189 244 22 1937 ‘a 2,187 200 1,964 170 223 30 1936 3 2,178 198 1,976 164 202 34 1935 ud Switzerland: a 22,153 2) — — .— —_— 1943 : £4 22,060 3?) — as rer he] 1942 Hh \ 21.315 a) _— se = — 1941 : 2 21,652 (3) Ee = — — 1940 ig 21,556 (2) mo = —-— — 1939 po 21,592 (3) ee — — — 1938 : 21,563 {3) — — — ee 1937 21,689 (3) = re ee ioe 1936 21,662 (3), — — —— - 1935 , Union of South Africa (Ruropeans): 1,134 48 tt LEE nt SEE 1939 \ 1,119 85 cemen — Ln =| 1058 ; 1,020 75 La be — —— 1937 997 70 == —— sz = 1936 1,061 55 Se x — — 1935 TE AER TRE WW ET TO PR Sg Rt AER HT AE ASE 2% 1% ¥ nf ¥ INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS / i | BN TABLE 12.—NUMBER OF SINGLE AND MULTIPLE DELIVERIES, AND NUMBER OF LIVE BIRTHS AND STILLBIRTHS ("Deliveries® refer to confinements resulting in either single or plural issue, live births K, Number of deliveries he Edy Country and year Total deliveries Legitimate: Illegitimate x Multi- s Multi- : Malti- Single ol Single Ple Single tie United States: AOA. ss cass sismsssesvinsvonnsssssnensee 2,738,438 | 29,927 Ry Ril ns (IBA le vie oie she savin vuln v0 nium snes ve sisnse R,951,448 | 30,785 — — —_— — O42: fe luonie’stinninn vs snnion vrnivessns vee R,826,965| 30,452 — — ite —y 284], sc csesevesiesvnsonsrvvsronvvassee R,532,8241 27,721 ——— en R, ns BOAO cesinian eiion vanes ure sisinossols esses 2,381,328 | 26,302 —— Ni B es HOB venir srersvcsnsnesesinnnnsisncisesnsy R,R85,476 | 26,207 ns a. — Ru OED vvisiois see vinv snvas viswsissessnnaivisens 2,306,083 | 27,031 Ra. — — 0B Fes sans ss nnnssoniveonvivsensiosssswe R,R04,403 | 26,149 — rn —_— AO 8Bisisicss csininnvies nin sins ones sfyriny vines 2,166,440 | 25,887 re — —— —_— HOA eats sus snnisvisnensonoresssvessess 2,181,050 | R5,464 ee rs — es Uruguay: [IOAR sale civ sino vesnininsnionssovaneenssess 41,995 340 31,215 224 10,730 116 1941... cvesssasensssnsisssonesosinee suse 43,462 411 31,904 290 11,558 121 1940. cs sisecscsvsosprsosessnssssesnsssas 42,171 360 31,090 R1 11,081 139 193, sess sis corsrsrassessoscsssessnosene 41,768 545 || 30,402 360 11,366 185 kd 0038 aisis vio ssisienssvsvsesnsnsisesasiersenss 40,788 453 29,864 285 10,924 168 A937 vss cocesossnossnsvaviniesenivssens 40,432 451 28,431 286 12,001 165 1030 sinivs sevinsossssvioneevesssamseaves 40,083 336 28,467 218 11,616 118 OBE, ess sisinnssnsansssascusinssinnesdnnss 40,516 455 ?8,603 285 11,913 170 #Provisional. Data refer to confinements resulting in one or more live births. A delivery is regarded as multiple if / there are at least one live birth and one stillbirth. . Includes stillbirths. ~ 3Included with live births. “Excludes data for 41 communes of Eupen, Malmédy, and Moresnet, not under Belgian administration. ~ BInfants born alive, but dying before registration of birth,are included with stillbirths. | SIncludes 7 cases of triplets, legitimacy unknown. 7Includes 21 infants, vitality and legitimacy unknown. ®Includes 9 cases of triplets, legitimacy unknown. ®Tncludes 27 infants, vitality and legitimacy unknown. LOorerritory of 1939, according to Treaty of Neuilly, signed, Nov. 27, 1919. 11pata are for live births only. 12Bohemia and Moravia represent approximately 50 percent of the population of the original Czechoslovak Republic which included in addition, Sudetenland, Czecho-Silesia, Slovakia, and Subcarpathian Ruthenia (Subcarpathia). German nationals are excluded beginning with 1938. 13pegistration is admittedly irregular and incomplete. pata include delayed birth registrations. 15kxcludes also infants born alive but dying before registration of birth. 16pata for 1939 and 1940 refer to births registered; for 1941, to actual births occurring. See also : footnote R7, table 8. 17Data are for 87 departments only, excluding 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. 180Unless otherwise specified, data are for Altreich, i. e., territory of 1937, including the Saar. rr at f Ni REE “4 § da ¢ " ay N 5 { y ¢ « { WB 3 Stan doer J NATITETE Betas An NR DE Tk i i " hey i | mmsurIG FROM MULTIPLE DELIVERIES, BY LEGITIMACY: 41 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, SELECTED TaARS—Gontimed. or stillbirths. Total deliveries are necessarily less than total (DATENS in any given period) VE ; ; 3Opata are for year ending June 30. : i Number of infants resulting from multiple deliveries if Total infants Legitimate Illegitimate Country and year Live = | Still- Live Still- Live Still- births births births births births births United States: 56,362 3,802 — en ns - 1944 ye : 58,191 3,706 —— —— mn . 1943 Fb 57,428 3,777 — — — — 1942 52,116 3,620 —— —_— —— — 1941 49,021 3,852 —— ns —— 1940 48,731 3,979 Ea —— rs ne 1939 50,099 4,247 Ra —_— — nag 1938 48,620 3,9%3 ee —_— en rs 1937 48,123 3,962 ee —_— — —_— 1936 47,202 3,972 RE — a a 1935 Uruguay:? i 681 | ee 449 een R32 cde 1942 825 eos 583 o's R42 ove 1941 722 veo 444 oes R78 “ieie'e 1940 1,094 oes 723 ose 371 ose 1939 913 enw 576 oes 337 vou 1938 905 elvis 573 sen 332 ees 937 5 672 oes 436 ces R36 bos 1936 911 eivie 571 visln 340 oes 1935 19nata are for the Altreich plus Austria, Sudetenland, Memel, and Danzig. *OData are for Altreich plus Austria. 2lynless otherwise specified, data are for territory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 22pata are for Trianon Territory plus the Northern Territories, Subcarpathia, and Transylvania. 23pata are for Trianon Territory plus the Northern Territories and Sdbearpatiiia, 24Data are for Trianon Territory plus the Northern Territories. 2BData refer to live births only. Single deliveries may be single births, or pial births resulting in the birth of only one Living, child. At least two children must be liveborn to constitute a multiple birth. : 2®Data are for Japanese only. 27Tncludes 5 infants, legitimacy unknown. 28Tncludes 15 infants » legitimacy unknown. 2%Data for "settled" population, excluding nomadic Beduins. \ 31Total number of liveborn infants resulting from deliveries differs slightly from figures shown in table 8, p.99 and in all official birth trends for Scotland. Source: Compiled from official yearbooks and vital statistics reports for each country, and from selected secondary sources. See complete bibliography on p. R38. i a or FEET ETE a = = Fl rE : / ; : 5 i ; : S 128 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS £5 TABLE 13.—GROSS AND NET REPRODUCTION RATES: 40 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, SELECTED YEARS Box 7 (Gross reproduction rates represent, for a constant fertility schedule, the average number of females that would be born alive by 1,000 women all remaining alive through the entire child-bearing period. Net reproduction rates represent for a constant fertility schedule, the average number of females that would be born alive by 1,000 women passing through the child-bearing age, but taking into consider- ation the prevalling mortality among the 1,000 women between birth and the end of the child-bearing period. Gross and net rates are 3 ‘ expressed per one woman. Series are not necessarily homogeneous having been drawn from several sources) ge : : Gross Net ; 3 Gross Net Country and period ats sais Country and period Tote Tate Australia (ex. aboriginals): Beypt: 1943 eeasneecersntesrccneensennnnane 1.26 1.15 198 70ecescncssnencnvesisrnracasevene #3.1 *1.4 HOAR 6 eivnsic v'an'snnseinsoesinesivemennn 1.16 1.06 || England and Wales: AML, secasonsiinsnsrivrnssesonemnesss 1.15 1.05 1924s tinsnsisassrtnanivnnsesicens ——| ®%0.99 1940, s 3. sevsonesinnivnsevaosevsvnivnins 1.10 1.00 1908.0 essen ssnnnnnsin vnnanssaialy -—| 5%0.90 = A ER CR a 1.08 0.99 022.0. cova iv nnsaitavnins ms enisinass —] 50.85 058 se mesnlote $53 se ennniessrnrcrwnni 1.07 0.98 3900 unis ve ss iiie winnlsswsivan tis suis icisns -—| %o.76 OZ ey vsisineanioriont suns snnns orn 1.08 0.98 AAD vuivee es sn nnnusisnnprisvinvns 0.850 150.77 1936ecssceescescsssserarasesassanns 1.06 0.97 108 eines emeivsisinsnnsiviiesnnsninsenisains 0.89 20.81 “19354000 ressct0sntsansscenscnnsnen 1.03 0.94 1938aeesccnscscnsescsscnnancnssensse 0.90 0.81 0934. sees snscssnnssesencasseassoscsse 985 aie nssiesnninsasscrnervseessoners Austria: Y RE TORT eens se tei ednmassrisaina svt 19351036400 ccssnsesvoevsesrinssene 1985. sesecssstcsvsnensrnsstssnesven vr 1933198040 sesnes esses snssssssesses Belgium: 3 Tak 1940-10422, , everson oni nice : Re SE ii 20402. i vivenstivessvrsvensnsn serine OB, venennonnsvnnssnvirrnsveneen . OBB eres eecrecsnersscovvessrervines 1984-1085, 4 cc csnsenssisnsssnsevenne 1929-1931... ay Bulgaria:® £ FLOBE-10B8, vasa ssnevannroernrnnnnnse * 1934-1935, 0c cssenscsevensrnsvevenne ; \ Canzda® (ex. Yukon and N. W. Terr.): 1942-1944, 4 cave nsevenssssinnnsennnee 1940-1942. 0 ce ven vrais OA cast nssic sien sie ey su wbinie vies vale AOA vics ev omesninnann sass i AGA carve cesvnsnsns iin aesinsnne ye 1930 cave rannavins sans semecasecosense 19388-19389, «cvecerciironsn 1038 csv rece ran reins rnnee aie FOBT evs siennivisive vn dsstnns viaccess A056, ainvassnnnsnsse 1988. cv erevesetnesissssasssnnsnees OBA ca nsnesonronss ves sie wales eoinsu inn 1988s esansecrsessesesenseseravanes 1931-10324 ces essscssesnssnsscvessnse 1930-29340 sesso sssesnsernnnsnvnse Chile: 19391941 400s sr0sssscsensssnanasnnse H1080mlOB 20s vssnvnes sas vnassnconens 1930-1931eescescsnscessassescnscnse . Czechoslovakia: 19850 eectcscccacctcncsnesnroccsone cesses seccsesnesecssnne seccecsccscne 19840ecseeccesconccccnconsncncnanns 19821083, . cevssssessssnsvsssvssons 1929-1982, ¢scenrrvssrsnsssvonessone HOB0m 1930 0s caivnnssissnnvisnssavsnvares Denmark (ex. Faroe Islands): 198d ca soresessnsnnsnnvsvsersssennve [LOE einen nsnsows iiss sssssssecsnsee : OAD, iv sisisnnsessssacerssernssbsnines bs A000 Le sitio ss vie ss Sains Severin Re 19000 ser ccsnsie sss rossonvetdorrnre fb : JOBS ae nsiemsiiinnns inns sinensis b A088. devise sinins 1937. 000ssssrssssssvvansvrsrenesnes secccsssscssesscnne 1936.0 100c000narrtennssssernsnnseane 19035-1936 c0cc0ssresscssssecscncsnne 1935. 000s srcnnsnenescannnes See footnotes on p. 131. 1.03 1.05 o0o0000 AND OOP OO0OOOOOKHHHKH . © 0 © © 0 QO HN SOE 0D Oo © nN 1937¢eceeccccnnnnanns ees 1936eciectensernrtecocscrncnnnnenes 19850 scaetesncesnscssensenssesssces 1934eecatcectentcecosnrnceceassanne 1034~1936cceescscccsscsssnssnccanes 1933 4ceesectscarecncencsonnns J1OBRusessnsasssnsionenanins 193) eseeeenssnsceccscasesnssnconee Estonia: 19384eeesesctnccenccannnne ceeeas Fy Il SE 19036ecescecorcenscssssncsnnsccnnanns sees sesesscsse 1935 0ceasecseccrescsnaseisssninnas 198319854 scssisssscsesssscssssnvess 19351034 score sss sossonesnssinevnne Finland: 1940-1942. cs vs sensasssnssnvcsesinnse 194) sass sesvossnsessssesssennnsnne 1940cveese 1939 cnn siviesssvsnssnsnesnnssaseinsine 1988 uns vemsssnvesnnnnsion 193% cai vcnines crews woeee ee wee cess sessssasssssesenseuse tesserae I9FL~1035, sz sia v's's sae ewnisn's ia sae 1930-1931. svn ss en France: IARC. sve sania van Same an Seite $0278 eee eins 10405. sis duie son ss imsava nist n nie 2088S cine ssn enh e Seas eee 1088. i ve iiauinnss sanian verses 1937 aeeseecesstreecesvesesncesnnnss sescssssseessssens secs ceccsceccessse 1036ccaseecsaccscscccsosssasnssansse 1935~1937 esse cecoccocancosnncnanns 1935. c0eesscsncacccncnns 1934ecscecascsesccnccsscnscsnsnsene 1933 ceeaneccsnscaccrceccconcascnnne AOB0AIOB 5 sen nn ni tnn we adsiese sss AOZDNI021. 0) ivehi sa sues bitnesnse Germanys” A800 en i a ins rn an inns sine ne} 30505, Louth baie vie sarin nn Ei vee 1205 ai a idan dao ndn sn suns Siw Sw <1 re NERS eC DOREY 1938.cuasee cnsees 19374 ceectecssesncscscsnaccccnnnene secssssesssssscsnce 1936.eeesesssscsnscsssstsecessennnse 1935s esenssnnsennsrrsanannnnisnssee 1934 ceases sserssrecsssesesnsansaces Greece: 1951-1932, c0esesvessnsnsvenssnsnane Hungary: TLE Er RNID JEM LR 1938s sees eesens 193700 eacesssrsssasneassennnassones ssccccesssecssssssen 1036ceesscsssssccssceccscscscssanns oe eo eo HEPHBEHPHEEE0O00 HHOOOQOOOOWW® NDORGTOORPE OO ® Oo $ i OO0OO0O0OO0OO0O0OO0OOO0OOO0O tO OW 0 mW WW oO NOON NDOH®MNDIU SE 888 TABLE 13.—GROSS AND NET REPRODUCTION RATES: 40 SPECIFIED COUN'RIES, SELECTED YEARS—Continued NATALITY EERE TR TERE Es HS EB : iE dag (Gross reproduction rates represent, for a constant fertility schedule, the average number of females that would be born alive by 1,000 Net reproduction rates represent for a constant fertility schedule, the average number of females that would be born alive by 1,000 women passing through the child-bearing age, but taking into consider- ation the prevailing mortality among the 1,000 women between birth and the end of the child-bearing period. ' Gross and net rates are women all remaining alive through the entire child-bearing period. expressed per one woman. Series are not necessarily homogeneous having been drawn from several sources) Country and period Gross rate Net rate Country and period Gross rate Net rate Hungary®—Continued 1932-1935 cs sssscecssosronssdesnone 1930-193) cs evesses India: x 1930-1931, suse cvesnressacssnanses Ireland (Eire): 1940-1942... 1935-1937 css ssss eras snssnsisessssne Italy: 1987. civaneisss cecesesesses rane 1935. 0es0ssssensescssssessessranens 19840 esssvessnrnesnsasnsvennsessnne 1933. cans srensessssssesssssssnsesns Japan: 1937 esvassessnsiosnenesrennesvnvisirive 1980ceeasssvsrssrscssasescssnssnnne Latvias 1939. eeseeressssencscasenen 1038seeesssssesassacenccnnsoncancas 1937 cecsoescccesscccscsccessccccnne 198510880 as seeraveeisssnseerrssnns 193419350 c00sescrssissessesncnsess Lithuania: 10% Bea even nsssssssrionssevrravaesey 19RBsessssssisessnsessssscessnsasss Malta and Gozo: 1930-193. csesesesasssressnssesesees Mexico: RE 1000.10B]) iss se suvaerennss der senins Netherlands: 1948 es ussivsessvsenavnnseresssnssion 194R ce csscsescsessnsenseese 19414 esesssassesassisnsonssscessnsns 1940c ceo tnecesencnnanns 1989eereesesrsccccsonsnncesssananns sessssen csecssescss 1038.ceseceecasssssessccascsscanasne 1937¢eeesrecertessonsesrecncnnscnne 1936sesenacnsassssresresesasaansens 1935.0. asnssersscnsensnnsssnsseas 1930-19314 vs vs snvvsvss New Zealand (ex. Maoris): 1943.00 0000000 sssesscsncssasessnne 194Rcecesecscsscetcencscnsscccccnsns 194) ce renscnrrsaneseasnssssnsnsaive 19404 sc esosessnsessssnsesessessscns 1939 eeessvaensnssssssnsessesasioncee 1938eceesccccnnse. 19370cee0esssccscssosescocncsscnnes Northern Ireland: 19R5=19R7esseessscccsssssscsssscssnon Norway: 1941eeeenenaccscccccssescccsccccnns 1939¢csceassocsosscessscccnsccsncns 1038eeeesssceactrcscccsncescscnnnes 1937. ecescecsccccccncsssoscsccncnns 1036ecseessscssccsssseccncacseccans OBE, es sanssonsssisneensice 1931-1085... css seesinesrvasseonssnes 1930-1931 ceesssssesoesvecvsssrsnnsy Peru? (ex. jungle population): 1942-1943,...044 1940-1941,... sevscccssesscccscnsoe See footnotes on p. 131. | i HERE R RE Pees, S20 20 \ 0; HEERBBERE =H cl 85 1.37 1.28 1.15 1.11 1.07 1.36 0.89 0.94 0.93 0.91 0.89] - 0.87 0.87 0.93 1.04 #1.71 +1468 1.31 #1.20 #1.16 %1,18 1.17 #1.16 #1.12 #1.14 #1.15 1.28 HHH HEHE D cxaa88fla ° OO 0M 5 5 = 2 oO . ~ ~ 120.81 120.80 "0.79 120.77 129.75 125.75 0.83 120.89 Poland: } 1933-19360 serve ais vier Sui van Tena 1934 eases ssacasinssivenssenssnsisnnn 1931~193R cesses sssinasssssnenavense Portugal (inc. Azores and Madeira Is.): 194 ceevnansnnsnnnirvenssesonsensses 1940 css sssseisnnsrssapsnsasensnses 1930, ecsvns vn snnnin sities se eninge ey JOBB., viva sath niu irsriinsnsnind 19850 e cians sine snine ssitininaneniesnsionaise 1983, sess nisnsaicnnrnnvisrossconses 1930-1931. co vsnssesensiosersssrsvase Rumania: 1030-1931 evs csnsiaissssinnenesvvansanes Russia (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics): R. S. F. S. R. 1G9R0 ss ennavisnetsneinnissassissniee 10261928, 4 4 nus vais nin 1926-19274 4 vss ves Ukrainian S. S. R. 1020. ass wnvonnnuesnhsinensecionsionsvns 192811909, ss ssnssossessnnassensvnss 1928s sssns ser resiacnsnine conse nsomn 10261927 4 4 ss sii 4.0 w 4s 4in 2d iw wis. 00 w 0 0'0, Scotland: 194% 4 snnieseinsivesnesivesionsesnensss 194) eececenccnncsnninnns seserecenns 1940c scene ccctaonssascocscsssnnnns cessssesssecsssas 1930 eee cnsrannnsesnsncssasosenssnnss 1938eectsecnctcnsssnsnnen 1037 aceeseocsasssosssancsnssecanens d1936e esessensosinsnrnsnnsanenen sine 1985. snes Cesesen sess se nse 1934eees os Spain (inc. Balearic and Canary Is.): 1937. e0etecansnsacinns 193s ans vss ssnvesisnsnsnainanasee sens 1930-1931. .0ssuss soja nisianieie nines wins 1928-19304 senses eses’s Sweden: 194])cecececanoncessnoncacsannssoses ®secessscsssssssssiesanes sescsssnsesse ssssess senses 1940. cceeteonsnsesssnsessnssnssssns 1939ceeertaccesseaciinsnscnsacnsinns 1938.c000s.s 1937cecsssecnssnnasasosansasssssionss seve ccsessscncevesessee 19364eceesescrncsasnncssansnasvons 1935... Switzerland: 1943 .esevsensesssosassssssnssensuss cesses sssssesssesssssnsssnie 194% eevee cecscsasasssassssssnnsane 1941eececncnscoccccsnaccsocsscasves 1940 ce cesses connnsossnsasasssnsssssn 1930, 40s se census 193840000. 193619404 secs ess srsasssesssseassvon 1958-19354 sv sinensis nin nns sive nevivas 1932, cents vennrnnevanasiss ease Union of South Africa (Europeans): 1940-194R cee ssssssssia'ssasesesnenne 1941eens sense 1940... 1939 csececenscetnnavaconnsannsnnnns 1958.00 +s cnet iden nant es ke hs 8 ssescssssscsecensn ssecscsesssescsre senses oo. sesssessssnscsnsd cesses ss soe cescsqenese #1..48 #L.50 #171 #1.53 1.54 1.66 1.87 1.76 1.81 1.87 1442.16 1.06 #1.11 #1.25 1.39 HH a J Oy U1 & & 2 © bom 000000000 . . He »n oO 0G; ee represent for aco re by 1,000 w ren passing drove the PO age, but ‘taking nto. consid r- aross ane net ates are TEE Country. and period ® i Country and period United States—Continued Weise population unad jus ted—Con. 4lesensceenasetaens te population adjusted:l® 1944. 0c. cieneocsinsasccscascccanes 194R.c cannes : 1939-1941... ) population adjusted: 1938uessescsccscscscecnsoscsscanane 35=19404 0000 scessnscssocsasnans o 0 19370 ss ssn sestreerassseviassacensnns Ao 1930-1935. 7 0.¢ 1936sesssssssssesenesssnennsresrsnse tion unadjusted: X esesessesesessesssscsensos pla i Justeds 1935-1940 . 1930-19350 c cess ceeetcnnannnnancnne Yugoslavia: ! 1930~193R cesses resesscsssssccsscnne NATALITY ' ) 131 Footnotes for table 13. #Provisional. ' 1Burgdorfer Index which is only roughly equivalent to the net reproduction rate. 2Excludes data for 41 communes of Eupen, Malnédy, and Moresnet, not under Belgian administration. 3Territory of 1939, defined by Treaty of Neuilly, signed, Nov. 27, 1919. “Rates adjusted for underregistration of births from 1933-1944. ®0fficial approximate rates, making allowance for a further improvement in mortality. pata for 87 departments only, excluding 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. 7Unless otherwise specified, data are for Altreich, i. e., territory of 1937, including the Saar. ®Data are for Altreich, Austria , the Sudetenland, Danzig, and Memel. ®Unless otherwise specified, data are for territory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. %Data are for Trianon Territory plus the Northern Territories. 1lpopulation estimate used for computation of rate is somewhat too high. 12Data are calculated on the base of the mortality tables of 1921-1930. The mortality figures give the followings 1935, 0.78; 1936, 0.79; 1937, 0.81; 1938, 0.83; 1939, 0.86; 1940, 0.86; and 1941, 0.81. 13population estimate used for computation of rate is somewhat too low because it excludes that part not covered by census. See table 4, p. 80. 14%Based on official data. Rates with adjustment for estimated underregistration of births and deaths are: Rumania: gross rate, 2.38; net rate, 1.45; Yugoslavia: gross rate, 2.20; net rate, 1.39. 18Figures’ were computed by, or based on data supplied by, Alfred J. Lotka of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. Source: Compiled in general from official yearbooks and vital statistics reports for each country and from selected secondary sources. See complete bibliography on p. R38. (Exclusive Of stillbirths. | INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS { TABLE 14.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED: Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged in the war (1939-1945) Country 1937 1938 1939 1940 AFRICA Eds cs waits h snnnnss sub iinnse vrais vas iva 434,208 429,248 429,033 444,448 fd ion of South Africa (Buropeans) ..... reves 20,606 19,733 19,901 220,277 Union of South Africa (non-Eiropeans)3...... 56,346 55,670 52,953 55,45 AMERICA . \ Argenting..... +. ieee. as sad ia bran nya sav 3139,718 161,509 149,095 151,819 Argentina (ex. territories). lian vat 3123. ;951 150,163 138, 373 140,192 Bolivia? RE ale wes aime tainty ha ni >: 4) Ss, 738 13. 320 815,381 35,357 Brazil®. uc ea ee dan ay 7342, 199 8310, 386 em Brazil (2 etties®).. iu. nivale 97,008 101,439 i 10100, 521 19101,382 Canada (ex. Yukon and Northiest Territories) 115,824 106,817 108,951 11110,927 J Yukon ‘and Northwest Territories®.......... R28 R44 R76 R43 Chilesiveuin.: ae ria Soe pay 109,795 113,719 114,141 107,771 COTOMBLGL Tea feiss: ninvint sus sas 0a vieinia nsninain sien 131,241 150,670 156,309 137,786 Colombia (ex. territories). Fas did ee a ye . 129,512 148,644 153,866 134,572 Costa Rica........ ie tania EIR 11,032 10,422 11,687 11,211 Cubal isle lieve NL err aie 44,326 49,234 44,120 44,148 Dominican Republic®... raven ann ek 12,167 13,344 14,336 15,396 BenadOp Ty es Yah Sa eases Ansevies 60,228 56,231 61,225 . 62,183 BT PRIVEE sors 32,161 30,461 31,656 31,242 { Guatemala........... Sian slide CERES 151, 027 256,131 64,117 55,083 HALLER il cil sa ae ae be 18, 795 14,382 12,907 14,842 HONBuTaa 2, s caus sv inins as PRIN NG 20,518 1818.57] 17,599 18,172 EHBEIO0 cna nisin ne csiois ban busivenannsinsbyisnae 456, 540 436,476 446,216 458,906 NECHTAINA ives nines er vonns ives iriiaint arian 11,350 11,363 11,452 14,187 Panama (eX. tribal Indians). ..:iskesssessas 6,804 7,567 6,248 3,226 Paraguay? sees esas. dase Vad eee 10,182 11,481 10,492 11,630 Paraguay (25 biodenographic districts’ 16y ol 4,394 4,533 4,755 Poru (ex. jungle population)...:vessssesesss 1794,354 1797, 279 1784,388 83,113 United States... vousessin ey enna vaya 1,450,427 1,381, 391 1,387,897 111,417,269 UDUBUBY 5 vss sna sss esas sinhnss dors vaawans 21,561 21,658 19,341 20,695 Venezuela (ex. tribal Indians)....eseseseess 61,957 64,294 67,688 61,557 ASTA Burma (registration area) caveats ats aed 299,671 311,400 303,616 me Ceylon. sveesnineeienivn A A vai 124,210 122,299 128,611 187122,738 Chosen (Korea). . IERIE od ke eee 396, 740 #304,179 re India® 32 CRritish)ee-..yoinns oro vsnmbina sa) 6,112,375 6,685,120 6,165, 234 6,122,456 _ “Japan (propor) *° Say a a a ate PSEA 1,207,899 1,259,805] / 187,268,760 187,186,595 Aint SE Oe een 102,901 106,691 101,737 109,663 SETAltE Betblementa®®... odie. uinrrranian 27,977 28,559 27,548 29,803 Federated Malay States....e.se.ss DUR 39,031 40,007 57,267 40,367 Unfederated Malay States...ee..viivesesass 35,993 38,125 36,922 39,493 Netherlands East Indies: Java. and MaGUTR... cv esau da vy ee sian 854,577 843,348 883,610 23g965,706 Outer Frgviness (Europeans) iv. vias vise isann 425 417 439 _— Palestine®*,. it leie dues aly sp ne A are ele 24,884 20,313 19,529 27,019 89,958 94,755 1101, 646 1100, 406 110,330 110,896 116,847 26154, 695 3 : ‘ 84,674 85,373 84,150 85,046 Czech Tova: i Bohemia and ava fai 88,802 89,165 93,520 96,525 m 40,442 39,058 38,535 39,730 509,574 478,996 499,902 581,537 16,614 16,498 17,101 19,024 47,150 47,901 54,300 73,696 629,514 647,498 1642,478 1 30735,900 794,367 799,220 1854,348 1885,591 105,674 93,766 99,532 3347,622 128,049 130,628 124,591 132,735 1,317 1,207 1,160 1,200 45,086 40,041 41,717 41,885 38618, 290 38614, 988 38591, 483 18505, 907 28,083 26,703 27,8R7 #29,016 33,260 52,256 39352, 985 403g. 5281 5,304 5,399 5,385 6,144 64 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1937-1944 include "war losses," 1. e., all deaths among armed forces and deaths of civillans from operations of war) GENERAL MORTALITY A 1941 1942 1943 1944 Country AFRICA 440,981 494,358 — —- | Egypt : 120,733 120,856 1 422,024 1 %21,738 | Union of South Africa (Europeans) 58,333 62,354 64,230 #66,206 | Union of South Africa (non-Buropeans)? AMERICA 143,909 149,997 150,136 -— | Argentina 136,927 138,091 137,775 #141,457 | Argentina (ex. territories) ‘52,834 47,510 55,180 53,017 | Bolivia? i = — ~— | Brazil? 10 %105,401 #109, 060 #113,528 #121,893 Brazil (Rl cities®)- 11314,639 11712,978 11718,635 11116,052 | Canada (ex. Yukon and Northwest Territories) 374 330 424 — Yukon and Northwest Territories® 100,091 104,122 103,235 103,054 | Chile 144,095 151,809 165,748 162,323 | Colombia 141,049 148,536 162,465 158, 750 Colombia (ex. territories) 11,429 13,559 11,734 11,295 | Costa Rica 43,168 44,145 2aa.100 ~——:|icuba® 4 14,230 15,670 #20,539 13 %21,923 | Dominican Republic? 61,817 62,117 56,052 55,148 | Ecuador* 30,490 38,250 38,366 33,833 | E1 Salvador 56,444 7R,477 78,837 63,068 | Guatemala 11,104 12,416 15,233 16,450 | Haiti? 18,338 20, 739 23,391 21,600 | Honduras'# 446,361 471,600 474,950 447,198 | Mexico 12,935 17,186 13,736 14,331 | Nicaragua ie —-— 8,000 7,537 | Panama (ex. tribal Indians) 13,210 = —-— — | Paraguay? : 5,380 4,611 —_— — Paraguay (25 biodemographic districts? 18) 91,949 92,804 97,081 91,655 | Peru (ex. jungle population) 117,397,642 117,385,187 111,459,544 111,411,338 | United States 20,381 20,646 #20, 630 —- | Uruguay : 62,383 63,58 64,131 70,524 | Venezuela (ex. tribal Indians) ASIA _— —— —_— —— | Burma (registration area) 18113,003 18112,044 18131,061 18133,985 | Ceylon — — —-— ——— | Chosen (Korea) 6,413,042 6,336,313 6,838, 594 —— | India? 1° (British) 18) 149,559 187,166,630 8,217 p17. 011 18 21) 284,197 | Japan (proper) *° . —_— — _— —— | Malaya® —— —— —_— _— Straits Settlements®? — — — ns Federated Malay States er EF mt — Unfederated Malay States Netherlands East Indies: 7 ree = sm —_— Java and Madura sen —— —_ — Outer Provinces (Europeans) 24,485 24,164 23,521 22,265 | Palestine®* EUROPS “1 2899 004 1 2594.346 18 25 397,880 —— | Austria 26121,945 26322,112 28111,873 26732,248 | Belgium 79,616 82,454 82,602 88,577 | Bulgaria?” Czechoslovakia: 96,835 99,703 %99,037 —-| Bohemia and Moravia®® 39,756 87,527 37,982 41,106 | Denmark (ex. Faroe Islands) 535,180 480,137 #501,41% #492,176 | England and Wales 23,702 Rs (2%) Gd) Estonia®® 73,913 56,282 50,079 68,285 | Finland 1 .30653.419 1 30635,806 1 31 %609,596 1 31 %709,675 | France? 1844,435 1847,861 18 4853,246 —- | Germany? 3361,886 3473,084 +2485 960 ——— | Greece 123,349 136,844 #127,200 5%72,000 | Hungary>® 1,354 1,892 1,263 13198 | Iceland 43,797 41,640 43,494 45,128 | Ireland (Eire) 18621, 735 18 643,607 18 37 4676,256 18 37 x710,761 | Italy #30,989 (2) (=o 29 Latvia®® zy (2%) {29% (3%) Lithuania?® 38 6,444 8,603 5,578 —— | Malta and Gozo WF 3 < 3 (Exclusive of stillbirths. Unless otherwise specified, figures 1937 1938 1939 1940 75,516 74,043 75,841 87,722 | 19,282 17,649 17,542 18,941 30,217 29,211 29,870 #32,R71 481,594 479,602 Rr Ai 117,291 115,331 116,075 120, 186 ; | 377,954 379,445 370, 287 42254, 892 : » S 68,942 | . 62,953 | 64,413 72,775 ond hi: Balearic and Canary Islands).. 472,134 484,940 470,114 |" 424,888 4 TE eit stnrsnss era abstr ann 75,392 72,693 72,876 : 72,748 A agen, BNL NN Shia sv siete Se vs Nam as 47,274 48,576 49,484 50,759 BEORLAVIE drei pre's svi 1s vss va rave niirarins 242,337 | #240,303 #233,196 rd EUROPE-ASTA , sia (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (22) 2H — a i ” ¥ | OCEANTA stralia®® rid vn Cs A Fhe EAB be wn 64,496 66,451 69,147 158,384 Zealand (ex. MAOTIS) eve reerirarnrsunsies 13,658 14,754 14,158 Aly, 282 Zsgleny {lizoris)....rsevsnvesnivsinnssrvne 1,557 2,120 1,775 1,593 tention: is admittedly irregular and incomplete. : . ; 3 3 Excludes data for Province of Santa Fe with a population of 1,499,833. = “Data exclude, in addition to stillbirths, infants born alive bat dying before registration of birth. For 6 months only, Jan. through June. cludes data for department of Pando. Bxclutes i for States of Goiaz, Rio Grande do Yoriey and Territory of Acre with combined population of \ 693,110. La cludes data for State of Goiaz with a population of 793,125. Rio de Janeiro (D.F.) and State capitals. OF r 0 cities, excluding Maceid with a population of 90,354 in 1939; 91,216 in 1940; nd 9, 076 in 1941. A Excludes deaths among armed forces overseas. i 2. “For, period Jan. 1 through July R25. : ' 3For 11 months only, Jan. through Nov. ’ 14For 1937, data are for year ending July 31; for 1056-1944, year ending June 30. Bpor 11 months only, Aug. 1937 through June 1938. Includes 25 districts in which there are established hospitals, health centers, dispensaries, or health units which are under the supervision of public health authorities. : cludes stillbirths. 18Excludes war losses. Data are for a registration area which includes almost 100 percent of total British territory and 76 percent of i : India proper. r 1939-1944, data are for Japanese only. ‘Excludes data for Karafuto which became part of Japan proper, Apr. 1, 1943. Excludes data for Cocos-Keeling Islands with population of 1,142, in 1931. ; Native only. 3 Data for "settled" population, excluding nomadic Beduins (numbering 66,553,at 1931 census) and armed forces. 25Tncludes data for a few Sudeten districts. xcludes data for 41 communes of Eupen, Malmédy, and Moresnet, not under Belgian administration. Population ~~ of these communes estimated at 88,090 in 1939. Territory of 1939, defined by Treaty of Neuilly, signed, Nov. 27, 1919. Bohemia and Moravia represent approximately 50 percent of the population of the original Czechoslovak ‘Republic which included, in addition, Sudetenland, Czecho-Silesia, Slovakia, and Subcarpathian Ruthenia ary (Subcarpathia). German nationals are excluded begining with 1938. y ’ ~ SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1937-1944—Contimied i Sn An aarp Ne ¥ i : 7 . a : * 5 i \ include *war losses," 1. e., all deaths among armed forces and deaths of civllans from operations of war) / i | . \ Nad ¥ T . Gale 1941 42 1943 load Country HAR : v ” ’ . - -— Pog EUROPE—Continued : 89,716 86,040 #91,445 #107,562 | Netherlands 19) 640 17, 256 17, 437 116,791 | Northern Ireland ¥32, 126 #31,934 #31, 717 #31,581 | Norway 2 114g, 664 1 gp 330 18 41 466,126 —- | Poland : 134,937 126,531 121,887 ] 119,275 | Portugal (inc. Azores and Madeira Islands) 42246,724 43327, 835 43306, 300 ——— | Rumania C 72,558 64,963 66,755 64,603 | Scotland 484,367 384,702 ; #348, 718 #345,407 | Spain® (inc. felearic and Canary Tstands) 71,910 63,741 66,105 #71,147 | Sweden 47,336 46,928 47,409 52,336 | Switzerland —— —_— — ——— | Yugoslavia fii is : EUROPE~ASIA : — . — | ne -— | Russia (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics OCEANIA 4 171,176 175,191 174,486 169,596 | Australias ; : 4 115,146 1135) 385 115,447 1115) 363 New Zealand (ex. Maoris) aly i 1,901 \ i 732 : 1,675 ——— | New Zealand (Maoris) Hg 29Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania became Soviet Socialist Republics on Aug. 3, 1940. 30For 87 departments only, excluding 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. 3lpor 86 departments only, excluding Corsica and 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. 32pata are for Altreich, i. e., territory of 1937, including the Saar. Deaths in Grossreich, including Austria, Sudetenland, Memel, and Danzig, and excluding armed forces, are as follows: ny 1939..... 1,011,009 1942..... 990,383 1940..... 1,042,265 1943.....%999,370 194l..... 993,618 : 33For 19 departments only, with a population of 3,841,000 in 1940 and 3,791,000 in 1941. = 34For 30 principal towns only, with population of 1,957,350 in 1942 and 1943. Ne 3Brerritory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. j ! 3€Includes deaths among armed forces and civilian workers in Africa and Spain. 37Excludes Venezia Giulia and Zara. ee 38ynless otherwise specified, data are for territory of 1938, i. e., including Klaipeda (Memel) and excluding Vilnius. 3%FExcludes data for Klaipeda (Memel) and Vilnius; Klaipeda was annexed by Germany, Mar. 21, 1939. ik ; ! “4OFxcludes data for Klaipeda (Memel) but includes Vilnius, returned to Lithuania, Aug. 1939. r 4lfor WWartheland" comprising mainly the 3 Provinces of Lodz, Kalisz, and Posnan in western Poland. 42Excludes data for Bessarabia and the northern half of Bukovina ceded to U.S.S.R., Aug. 2, 1940; two-thirds ; of Transylvania ceded to Hungary, Aug. 30, 1940; and one-third of Dobrudja ceded to Bulgaria, Sept. 7, 1940. 43Tncludes data for Bessarabia and northern Bukovina, replaced under Rumanian administration in July 1941, ya but excludes Transylvania and Dobrudja (see note 42 above). Vi ah 440fficial data not available but a hypothetical number of deaths derived by Frank Lorimer (see Bibliog raphy, ; p. 262) is as follows: 1937, 3,071,000; 1938, 3,001,000. : . “Excludes aboriginals. Source: Compiled from official yearbooks and vital statistics reports for each country, and from selected secondary sources. See oomplete bibliography on p. 238. i u Ea (Exclusive of stillbirths. INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 15.—CRUDE DEATH RATES: 64 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1937-1944 and are computed on total population) Rates are the number of deaths reported per 1,000 population. engaged In the war (1939-1945) include "war losses," 1. Unless otherwise specified, rates for countries e., all deaths among armed forces and deaths of civilians from operations of war, See footnotes on p. 138. Ce Country 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 AFRICA ¥ BaYBbaeis seis nnn gl 27.5 26.4 26.0 26.5 25.9 28.7 rs eee Union of South Africa: : BULOPEANS «avs ss vase rans 10.1 9.5 9.4 19.4 20.5 19.4 1%9.7 1x9.5 Non-Eurcpeans® asaness oe 7.3 7.0 6.6 6.7 7.0 7.4 7.4 7.6 AMERICA Brgenting. ec... cena es 312.4 12.5 11.4 11.4 11.0 10.9 10.8 —_— drgenting (ex. terr. 3 312.2 12.2 31.0 .3 10.7 10.6 10.5 #10.6 Bolivia®s®, 0... . une 5 5.0 €4.0 4.6 10.4 15.2 13.4 15.3 14.5 Brazil®.......c.veunn . 79.1 28.7 = Ls rr re Dombi sons Brazil (21 citiesS).. 18.4 18.8 1013.5 203.3 20 18.7 #18.7 #19.1 #20.1 Canada (ex. Yukon and Northwest Terr.).. 10.3 9.6 9.7 2: 0.8 1210.0 229.9 10.1 Akg on Yukon and N.W. Terr?... 14.5 15.3 +16.2 14.3 22.1 19.4 24.9 ps A AE RE 23.9 24.5 24.4 21.5 19.6 20.2 19.7 19.4 ECOLOmMBit ain ve « vivinisis 50 0 1215.1 17.3 17.4 15.0 15.4 15.8 16.9 16.53 Colombia (ex. terr.)...| *?15.4 17.7 17.7 15.2 15.8 16.0 17.1 16.4 Costa Ric. Lense vars un 18.2 16.7 18.3 17.1 17.0 19.7 16.6 15.6 CubaRiR, aes 10.9 11.9 10.6 10.5 10.2 10.3 1310.4 —— Dominican Republic?..... Te 8.1 8.5 8.8 7.9 8.4 #10.7 idggo.] Ecuador... it ci veiiinne ; 21.5 19.6 20.9 20.9 20.4 20.1 17.7 17.0 El Salvador...... reas 19.3 17.9 18.1 17.5 16.7 20.5 20.2 17.5 Guatemala... cvs vvnrnii 217.0 1413.4 20.8 16.8 16.8 21.2 2151 1818.3 Hatti®., oineionrsvs . 5 5.4 4.8 4.9 3.7 4.1 Bal 5.5 HONAAreBES. hn ov ssviiis 19.9 1477.5 16.3 16.4 16.2 18.0 19.9 18.1 DIETER waters vss sive vis sn vn in . 24.4 22.9 23.0 23.3 22.1 22.8 22.4 20.6 NICATAgUR "vs snsivnn ies 12.1 11.9 11.7 14.4 12.8 16.7 13.1 13.4 Panama (ex. Indians).... 13.0 14.1 11.4 511.4 —_— — 13.3 12. Paraguay” ev even cssnns 10.9 12.0 10.6 11.5 12.7 — ——— —— Paraguay (districts? 17) 13.2 12.3 12.0 15.2 11.0 — rr Peru (ex. jungle: pop.)..| 214.9 1815.1 1812.8 15.2 13.5 13.4 13.8 12.8 United States........... 11:3 10.6 10.6 1510.7 2210.5 1970.4 1910.9 2270.6 nr 10.4 10.3 9.1 9.6 9.4 9.4 #9.2 ee Venezuela (ex. Indians). 18.3 18.7 19.3 16.6 16.2 16.3 16.0 17.2 ASTA Burma (reg. area)....... 25.0 25.7 22.9 ee - em iA Form BEVION. is vas earns seins 21.7 21.9 21.8 2020.6 2018.8 2018.6 2091.4 Bos1.5 Chosen (Korea).....e.... 17.7 #17.0 —— — — — = —— Indis® 21 (British)..... za: 24.3 22.2 2200.7 21.7 21.3 2323.0 Co —— J "Japan (proper) aleleteiate sn ace 17.0 17.4 2417.4 2818.5 2418.5 2415.8 | R42 26 28 2841.0.7 Mataya® oh. ing wie 20.9 20.1 19.1 20.1 —— — — Straits Settlements®”.. 22.4 21.3 20.1 21,2 — et ee — Federated Malay States. 19.9 19.1 17.5 18.6 — —_— — — Unfederated Malay Sts.. 20.8 20.3 20.1 21.1 —_— —— —— —_— Netherlands E. Indies: : Java and Madura...... on {223 (%%) #18.5 | 2°%19.9 i - — — Outer Prov. (Europeans) (28 (2%) (2%) —- oT —-— CE == Palestine3C............ . 18.9 15.0 13.9 18.5 16.3 15.7 14.9 13.5 ) ‘ EUROPE BUSERIR is + is vvianennivinin 15.5 14.0 215.30 "rin 5.0 (13 ya, 0002 BL 45 5 [2032 yang | en Belgium... eas aia ie ae 15.2 13.2 13.9 3215.2 3214.8 3294.9 3215.6 3216.0 Bulgaria®2............. 13.6 15.9 13.4 13.4 12.5 12.8 12.7 13.5 Czechoslovakia: Bohemia and Moravia®4.. 12:5 12.2 12.5 12.8 12.9 13.5 #13 .6 —_— Demmark (ex. Faroe Is.). 10.8 10.3 10.1 10.3 10.3 9.6 9.6 10.3 England and WaleS....... 12.4 11.6 2.3 13.9 12.8 11.5 #11.9 11.6 Beloniadl. hi iia 14.7 14.6 15.1 17.0 23.5 (3%) (3%) (28) PINVANA ce sini esnnn caves 12.5 12.4 14.0 19.0 19.0 14.4 2372.8 17.5 FPancet,.. hoestion ives . 15.0 15.4 yg.m5 Rk 20 gil tik Boys, 342916.9 | 2 2 %s a | 230.8 Germany... 0uvinihesn 11.7 11.7 3912.3 3¥x12.6 39:12.0 39412.0 40572.1 mn Greece... -... Ne reas . 14.9 15.2 1%.8 4lip.4 2316.5 2259.5 4213.5 CL Hungary®3........ oo. ina 14.2 14.4 13.7 14.5 13.2 14.6 13.4 8%15.5 Teeland......- SA 11.2 10.2 9.6 9.9 1.3 10.4 10.0 9.4 Ireland (Eire)......... : 15.3 13.6 14.2 14.2 14.6 14.1 14.7 15.3 aly ia 4.21 414.0 4415.4 2013.6 2015.9 R00 14.2 RO 48,5 nl 2004859 pS ~ EUROPE—Contimed Babvia®S. ne. rer isanny Lit husnia®®2% Lu. le Malta and GOZO.eseeesnns Netherlands. ..eeeveesss Ah ~ Northern Ireland........ Norway.......eoeceennann Polen, serra sath Portugal (inc. Islands).| Rumanig..ecceeensencnaas Scotland..cieeeeaceennns Spain® (inc. Islands)... BINCABT a iviv vs ve alos in nialn Bini Switzerland...ceeevesins ¥Rgoslaviae.. vss se seen ee : HFEEEREREDE DE EEEEEEESE SRN CONONPd BO INH GT; . #11.0 15.8 wS%1g.0 14.4 16.4 11.4 12.0 sore os . x 0 EUROPE-ASIA Russia (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics).. Way OCEANIA nebraliads,. coool. New Zealand (ex. Maoris) New Zealand (Maoris).... See footnotes on p. 138. INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS Footnotes for table 15 #Provisional. 1pxcludes deaths among armed forces, but computed on total population. 2Rates are not to be considered a measure of the true level of mortality because of the fregmlartty and incompleteness of death registration. j 3Excludes data for Province of Santa Fe. : JData exclude, in addition to stillbirths, infants born alive but dying before registration of birth. BBased on deaths for 6 months only, but computed on an annual basis. cludes data for department of Pando. 7Excludes data for States of Gofaz and Rio Grande do Norte and Territory of Acre. ~ ®Excludes data for State of Gofaz. ,°Rio de Janeiro (D.F.) and State capitals. OFor 20 cities, excluding Maceid. 11lpycludes deaths among armed forces overseas, but computed on total population. 22computed on 1938 population. 13Ba5ed on deaths for period Jan. 1 through July 25, but computed on an annual basis. 14Based on deaths for 11 months only, but computed on an annual basis. 18Computed on 1943 population. W 1SFor 1937, data are for year ending July 31; for 1938-1944, year ending June 30. 2, 17Includes 25 biodemographic districts in which there are established hospitals, health centers, Meaty dispensaries, or health units, which are under supervision of public health authorities. 18Tncludes stillbirths. 1%Fxcludes armed forces overseas. ~ * 2O%Excludes war losses, but computed on total population. *1Data are for a registration area which includes almost 100 percent of total British territory and : 76 percent of India proper. it 220omputed on 1941 population. 23computed on 1942 population. 24Excludes war losses, but probably somewhat low because it was computed from Japanese deaths on total population which apparently includes Koreans, Formosans, and foreigners. 26Excludes war losses, but computed from Japanese deaths on total Japanese population. 26Excludes data for Karafuto which became part of Japan proper, Apr. 1, 1943. 27Excludes data for Cocos—-Keeling Islands. kK : : 28\ot able to compute rate because population base is lacking; for absolute number of deaths, see [a table 14, p. 132. 0 16%) fohesed on deaths of natives only, but computed on total population, including Europeans. Data for "settled" population, excluding nomadic Beduins and armed forces. 317ncludes data for a few Sudeten districts. 32pxcludes data for 41 communes of Eupen, Malmédy, and Moresnet, not under Belgian administration. 33ferritory of 1939, defined by Treaty of Neuilly, signed, Nov. 27, 1919. \Shchonih and Moravia represent approximately 50 percent of the population of the original Czechoslovak Republic which included, in addition, the Sudetenland, Czecho-Silesia, Slovakia, and Subcarpathian _ Ruthenia (Subcarpathia). German nationals are excluded beginning with 1938. 35Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania became Soviet Socialist Republics on Aug. 3, 1940. 7. 3SFor 87 departments only, excluding 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. 37For 86 departments only, excluding Corsica and 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. A 38pata are for Altreich, i. e., territory of 1937, including the Saar. Death rates for the Grossreich, including Austria, Sudetenland, Memel, and Danzig, and excluding armed forces are as follows: oP 1939..... 12.7 1942..... 12.2 : 1940..... 12.9 1943. ....412.2 1941..... 12.2 ; 39Excludes armed forces. 4OFxcludes war losses, and computed on civilian population. #1For 19 departments only. “42For 30 principal towns only. 437erritory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 4471ncludes deaths among armed forces and civilian workers in Africa and Spain. ~ 4BExcludes Venezia Giulia and Zara. 4SUnless otherwise specified, data are for territory of 1938, i. e., including Klaipeda (Memel) and 24 excluding Vilnius. ' 47Excludes data for Klaipeda (Memel) and Vilnius; Klaipeda was annexed by Germany, Mar. 21, 1939. 48Excludes data for Klaipeda (Memel) but includes Vilnius, returned to Lithuania, Aug. 1939. 49Computed on 1939 population. h 80Tncludes war losses but computed on civilian population. hy e a & ! GENERAL MORTALITY 139 Footnotes for table 15--Continued Bifor "Wartheland comprising mainly the 3 Provinces of Lodz, Kalisz, and Posnan in western Poland. 52fxcludes data for Bessarabia and the northern half of Bukovina, ceded to U.S.S5.R., Aug. R, 1940; two-thirds of Transylvania, ceded to Hungary, Aug. 30, 1940; and one-third of Dobrudja ceded to Bulgaria, Sept. 7, 1940. \ 83Includes data for Bessarabia and northern Bukovina, replaced under Rumanian administration in July 1941, but excludes Transylvania and Dobrudja (see note 52 above). B40fficial data not available but a trend of hypothetical death rates derived by Frank Lorimer (see Bibliography, p. 262) is as follows: 1927..... 26.0 1933..... R1.8 19R8..... 4.2 . 1934..... 21.0 1929..... 25,1 1935..... R0.R 1930..... R4.3 1936..... 19.4 1931..... R3.5 : 1937..... 18.6 1952....+:R2.7 58hxcludes aboriginals. Source: Based on deaths given in table 14 and computed on population primarily from table 3. 746604 O - 47 - 10 FI A RIE TR INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS \ TABLE 16.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED, BY AGE AND SEX: (Exclusive of stillbirths. Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged in the war (1939-1945) Country, year, and sex All Under 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 ages 1 year years years years years | years Australia (ex. aboriginals): 3 TOE oun t bie nde sadn Both sexes... 74,486 5,413 1,630 692 593 726 817 Male..eooises . 40,778 5,071 883 403 362 437 358 Fernale.eeeens 33,708 2,342 747 289 R31 289 459 OAD nial nian vis vit ann Both sexes... 75,191 5,400 1,562 696 581 859 952 MalGeeenees ie 41,587 3,006 841 400 356 506 451 Ferales.oa.. . 33,604 2,304 721 294 RRS 353 501 ABEL tL oe Both ‘sexes... 71,176 5,344 1,472 642 547 839 | 1,094 . pola seovids ne 39,409 3,023 842 375 331 510 629 . Female...... . 31,767 R521 630 R67 R16 329 465 ROU ed Sr Both sexes... 66,384 4,855 1,393 663 556 926 | 1,226 Male..'e uses . 38,608 2,766 779 368 337 594 |. 716 Female..... o's R9,7176 2,089 614 R95 R19 332 510 Austria: As ia vine = 0 sis ulin Both sexes... 94,755 75516 1,828 1,149 863 1,179 1,351 Mal@ vice weenie 48,408 4,381 968 593 460 639 790 Female...... . 46,347 3,135 860 556 403 540 561 NOBE, rssreisne ek atin ee Both sexes... 89,078 8,215 2,085 1,285: | 892 957 1,631 Melevavervins 45,359 4,719 1,093 657 468 |. 518 871 Femal€..eoons 43,719 3,496 992 576 424 439 760 TORB ein vin a I Both sexes... 92,524 8,754 2,526 1,369 968 894 | 1,920 Maleeivis oes oe 47,103 5,034 1,224 736 504 470 1,013 Fenalec..ooes 45,421 3,720 1,102 633 464 424 907 LOBA, overs vais v vise ns ve Both sexes... 85,685 8,389 2,064 1,356 894 977 2,145 MEG rrr rans ; 43,986 4,753 1,092 736 465 550 | 1,196 ; Female.eeeo. . 41,699 3,636 ar 620 429 427 949 198%. 0.x ns Both sexes... 88,977 9,079 2,357 1,481 811| 1,086] 2,032 MolG sunt ne 45,737 5,220 1,238 777 408 558 | ‘1,032 Female...... : 43,240 3,859 1,119 704 405 528 | 1,000 Belgium: MAR, a hs Both sexes... 132,248 10,502 2,290 1,636| 1,679 2,866| 3,951 Valois ce iis 72,774 6,068 1,258 903 sa6| 1,810| 2,618 Fenale......, 59,474 4,434 1,032 733 783] 1,056| 1,313 LANE SR Both sexes... 111,873 9,192 2,265 1,32 1,137 1,664 2,124 Male anrs sere 59,875 5,286 1,242 705 542 911| 1,192 Femaleeeoeees 51,998 3,906 1,03 617 595 753 932 Ae Both sexes... 122,112 9,115 2,162 1,056 ges | 1,634] 1,908 Mele inn ous 66,872 5,233 1,136 1,957 : Fomale....... 55,240 3,882 1,026 1,621 BONE a a a Both sexes... 121,945 9,216 2,308 1,16¢| 1,007] 1,697| 1,895 Maden, ania 66,463 5.333 1,245 651 535 930 | 1,051 L Fenale....... 55,482 3,883 1,063 513 472 767 844 QGL0R. Ll al Both sexes... 134,695 10,485, 2,614 1,408]. 1,338] 2,207| 4,075 Malay vie oie nies 75,290 6,054 1,411 794 754 1,344 3,276 Female....... 59,405 4,431 1,203 614 604 863 799 BOBO ct Both sexes... 116,847 10,718 2,458 1,176 885 | 1,480] 1,413 Palos qiegsns 61,550 6,135 1,347 6aa| 485 803 774 Female...... o 55,297 1,'4,583 1,111 552 400 677 639 OE ins nib nd Both sexes... 110,896 10,862 2,569 1,274 891| 1,463] 1,635 Melo liens . 58,304 6,344 1,434 705 480 851 858 3 Female....... 52,592 4,518 1,135 569 411 61° 777 LGBT yearn nurs wp ime Both sexes... 110,330 10,651 2,653 1,153 968 1,347 1,813 ; Melons de ue. : 57,844 6,083 1,416 640 489 750 994 Fomale....... 52,486 4,568 1,237 513 479 617 819 Bulgaria:3 | SN Both sexes... 85,046 19,157 7,331 2,510] 1,655| 3,055| 2,402 Teldec ve 44,927 10, 589 3,902 1,194 789 | 1,486] 1,222 | Fale. ven. . 40,119 8,548 3,429 1,116 866 | 1,569 | 1,180 YOR Solin nh Both sexes... 84,150 18,723 9,520 2,452 1,592 | 3,070 2,419 Make vie denn . 43,792 10,193 4,795 1,262 775 | 1,424] 1,184 Femaleu...... 40,358 8,530 4,525 1,190 817| 1,646 1,235 EAs ae Both sexes... 85,373 20,566 9,621 2,504| 1,656] 2,655 | 2,389 i Melle rads 44,506 11,333 4,917 1,170 826 | 1,242) 1,166 Fonale....... 40,867 9,233 4,704] © 1,133 830 | 1,411] 1,223 - EE TS "GENERAL MORTALITY 33 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, SELECTED YEARS include "war losses," 1. e., all deaths among armed forces and deaths of civilians from operations of war) \ X 3 75 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 | 55-59 | 60-64 | 65-69 | 70-74 | years To Line years years years years years years years years years years and ed No. over ! 1,047 1,221 1,479 1,940 2,875 | 4,236 | 5,336 | 6,733 | 7,776 | 9,129 | 22,835 gly 429 559 758 1,046 1,638 | 2,460 | 5,226 | 4,168 | 4,444 | 5,068 | 11,460 8 a 618 662 721 894 1,237 | 1,776 | 2,110 | 2,565| 3,332 | 4,061 | 11,375 - ("i 1,106 1,302 1,558 1,999 2,968 | 4,346 | 5,366 | 6,666 | 7,827 | 9,292 | 22,694 Tri ia 485 619 825 1,133 1,727 | 2,808 | 3,281 | 4,070| 4,571 5,090 | 11,526 14| 5 625 683 735 866 1,251 | 1,738 | 2,085 | 2,596 | 3,256 | 4,202 | 11,168 3| 6 1,204 1,297 1,629 1,956 2,019| 4,080 | 4,965 | 6,185 | 7,203 | 8,755 | 21,023 4] iy 611 665 884 1,087 1,629 | 2,456 | ‘3,079 | 3,720 | 4,183 | 4,840 10,541 Lf 613 632 745 869 1,290 | 1,624 | 1,886 | =2,465| 3,020 5,915 | 10,482 ~itg o 1,280 1,319 1,533 2,091 2,970 | 4,075 | 4,898 | 5,924 | 6,984 | 8,248 | 19,436 7:1*00 2 699 703 882 1,207 1,728 | 2,442 | 3,067 | 3,615| 4,000 | 4,642 | 9,967 61 581 616 651 884 1,242 | 1,633 | 1,851 | 2,309 | 2,894| 3,606 | 9,469 wie i 1,933 2,209 2,741 3,063 3,672 | 5,007 | 6,605 | 8,650 | 10,368 | 11,826 | 24,348 449 | 13 0 1,023 1,203 1,516 1,699 1,993 | 2,668 | 3,705 | 4,701| 5,361| 5,786 | 10,694 Rag: 1a el 910 1,006 1,225 1,364 1,679 | 2,339 | 2,898 | 3,949 | 5,007 | 6,040 | 13,654 221 | 15 1,916 2,117 2,558 2,788 3,501 | 4,746 | 6,211 | 8,055 | 9,466 | 10,915 | 21,688 104 | 16 2,647 2,371 2,166 2,008 2,136 | 3,010 | 3,472 | 4,194 | 4,966 | 5,861 | 15,547 1,243 1,128 1,041 1,045 1,132 | 1,590 | 1,944 | 2,185 | 2,678 | 5,068 | 6,794 1,404 1,243 1,125 963 1,004 | 1,420 | 1,528 | 2,011 | 2,288 | 2,795 | 6,555 985 1,091 1,555 1,437 1,903 | 2,586 | 3,427 | 4,309 | 4,905] 5,329 | 9,647 59 | 17 931 1,026 1,203 1,351 1,598 | 2,160 | 2,784 | 3,746 | 4,561] 5,586 | 12,041 45 | 18 2,076 2,229 2,847 2,846 |. 3,682 | 4,865| 6,556 | 8,200] 9,724] 11,017 | 22,277 124 aE 1,055 1,138 1,444 1,484 1,981 | 2,691 | 3,569 | 4,367 | 4,968 | 5,310| 10,040 75 |. 20 1,021 1,091 1,255 1,562 1,700 | 2,174 | 2,987 | 3,883 | 4,756 | 5,707 | 12,237 49 | 21 2,146 2,453 | - 2,464 2,745 3,622 | 4,541 | 6,196 | 7,280 | 9,032 | 10,243 | 18,994 144 | 22 1,149 | . 1,3%4 1,512 1,415 1,938 | 2,511 | 3,419 | 3,862 | 4,654| 5,088 | 8,454 | 80| 23 997 1,119 1,152 1,332 1,684 | 2,030 | 2,777 | 3,418| 4,378 | 5,175 | 10,540 64 | 24 2,207 2,381 2,592 2,846 3,735| 4,908 | 6,340 | 7,690 | 9,361 | 10,485 | 19,517 69 | 25 i 1,079 1,263 1,348 | © 1,495 2,072 | 2,692 | 3,484 | 4,214| 4,778| 5,136 8,904 45 | 26 vid, 1,128 1,118 1,244 1,555 1,663 | 2,216 | 2,856 | 3,476 | . 4,585 | 5,349 | 10,613 26 | 27 AR : 3 2,639 3,822 4,353 5,202 6,180 | 6,748 | 8,211 | 10,406 | 13,165| 15,076| 33,050 492 | 28 by 1,639 2,383 2,686 3,336 3,808 | 4,147 | 4,940| 6,058 | 7,184| 7,856| 14,680 454] 29 : 1,000 1,439 1,667 1,366 2,572 2,801] 3,271 | 4,348 5,981] 7,220 18,370( ' 38] ,30 NA 1,726 2,551 3,101 3,816 4,709 | 5,537 | 7,203 | 9,%61| 12,299| 13,771| 30,024 73 (751 i 922 1,460 1,894 2,330 2,837 | 3,400| 4,208 | 5,370| 6,628 7,119 13,681 58 32 1 804 1,091 1,207 1,486 1,872 | 2,137| 2,905 | 3,991 5,671 6,552| 16,543 13 | 33 3 1,993 2,516 3,137 4,258 4,938 | 6,038 | 8,148 | 10,543 | 13,651 | 15,451| 34,590 sof Ba A 19,520 39,026 / 35 Hy 13,416 35,295 36 3 2,346 2,593 3,278 4,282 | 4,870 | 6,095| 8,130 | 10,471 | 13,266 | 14,989 | 34,218 120 | 37 0 1,337 1,482 2,017 2,635 2,946 | 3,702 | 4,883 | 6,034 | 7,335 | 8,009 | 16,136 217) em 1,008 | 1;111 1,261 1,647 1,924 | 2,395 | 3,247 | 4,437 | 5,951 | 6,890 | 18,082 8| 39 hs 4,970 4,126 5,974 4,478 5,336 | 6,317 | 8,427 | 11,034 | 15,567 | 15,351 | 34,213 775: ‘20% A 3,792 2,879 2,532 2,760 3,182 | 3,705 | 4,943 | 6,269 | 7,306 | 7,897 | 15,682 730 | 41 4 1,178 1,247 1,442 | 1,718 2,154 | 2,612 | 3,484 | 4,765 | 6,261 | 7,454 | 18,531 45| 42 Se 2,224 2,552 3,112 3,719 4,472 | 5,886 | 7,653 | 10,348 | 12,616 | 14,378 | 31,777 -| 45 Xo 1,236 1,415 1,765 2,132 2,558 | 3,396 | 4,475 | 5,789 | 6,801 | 7,411 | 14,384 ia 4 988 | 1,117 1,347 1,587 1,914 | 2,490 | 3,178 | 4,559 | 5,815 | 6,967 | 17,393 ig BTR 2,189 2,595 3,266 3,555 4,184 | 5,705 | 7,261 | 9,689 | 11,657 | 13,368 | 28,713 20 | 46 : 1,150 1,465 1,849 2,083 2,374 | 3,278 | 4,025 | 5,324 | 6,200] 6,854 13,056 173( a 1,039 1,150 1,417 1,522 1,810 | 2,427 | 3,238 | 4,365 | 5,448 | 6,514 | 15,657 5 | 48 2,336 2,581 3,157 3,461 4,161 | 5,820 | 7,280 | 9,732 | 11,418 | 13,391 | 28,408 20 | 49 1,257 1,399 1,792 1,899 2,355 | 3,340 | 4,173 | 5,404 | 6,115 | 6,799 | 12,944 15 | 50 1,079 1,182 1,345 1,562 1,806 | 2,480 | 3,107 | 4,328 | 5,303 | 6,592 | 15,464 5] 51 i 2,605 2,454 2,278 2,147 2,161 | 2,927 | 5,931 | 4,469 | 5,164 | 6,079 | 14,936 5| 52 © 1,193 An 1,191 1,161 1,25 | 1,595 | .2,288 | 2,432 | 2,682 | 3,249 | 7,608 2 | 53 1,412 1,285 1,087 986 936 | 1,334 | 1,693 | 2,037 | 2,482 | 2,830 | 7,328 3 | 54 2,552 2,442 2,269 2,152 2,131 | 3,086 | 3,664 | 4,143 | 4,909 | 5,768 | 13,449 9| 55 1,193 1,167 1,173 1,120 1,177 | 1,699 | 2,033 | 2,202 | 2,566 | 3,015 | 6,807 7] 56 1,359 1,275 1,096 1,032 954 | 1,387 | 1,651 | 1,941 | 2,345 | 2,755 | 6,642 2 (87 6 5 1 PRIIELE #, SI WAT : : N “ | 4 3 ? : id : : & ul 3 A 3 / i: : 5 [4 it ” 0% Ve ea E : ? : I , INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS PERIESES PR pS rg | TABLE 16.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED, BY AGE AND SEX: { (Exclusive of stillbirths. Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged in the war (1939-1945) 4 Cotitry, gear; sndiser - All Under 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 R0-24 ages 1 year years years years years years Canada®* (ex. Yukon and N. W. Terr.): / H944. cave rianansssnse ss Both SEXES. us 116,052 15,559 3,329 1,475 1,108 1,786 | 2,226 Rts MalBe. ses suies 64,313 8,871 1,860 849 592 1,091 | 1,204 ; ; : Female....... 51,739 6,668 1,469 626 516 695 { 1,022 1945... 0 vs vhs eves» +sBoth sexes... 118,635 15,217 3,163 1,475 1,230 2,026 | 2,588 Male... sevsses 66,013 8,668 1,759 859 712 1,859 {' 1,497 . Female. uss 52,622 6,549 1,404 616 518 787 | 1,091 2947, uo nlrsiesbises de eesBobh SEXES. so 112,978 14,651 53,425 1,370 1 i 1,160 1,869 | 2,521 Male. sense 0, 63,013 8,392 1,859 764 652 1,072 1-1,80L : Female....... 49,965 6,259 1,564 607 508 797 | 1,020 1941, snaivnces ss ewes BoObh BONES. 114,639 15,236 3,444 1,558 1,323 1,941 | 2,371 ) Mile. oiviinns 63,852 8,788 1,878 888 787 1,118 1,582 Femaleseseees 50,787 6,448 1,566 670 536 823% | 1,039 1940: .5 «x ARTE Both sexes... 110,927 13,783 3,309 1,480 | 1,251 1,952 |. 2,235 MBle. iene 61,399 7,844 1,821 834 681 1,139 | 1,185 Ferle....... 49,528 5,939 1,488 646 570 813 | 1,050 Chile: : O40. os sa hse Both sexes... 104,122 33,146 13,512 2,548 2,192 3,309 | 3,992 24 Mallee. dees ins 53,857 17,578 6,912 1,377 1,065 1,498 | 1,941 ‘ Ferale....... 50,265 15,568 6,600 1,17. 1,127 1,811 2,051 194). viseniaains « sine vie» Both sexes.’ 100,091 33,083 14,802 1,838 1,847 3,337 | 4,163 Malus sin vnan . 51,545 17,494 7,505 937 895 1,638 | 2,012 Fenales.oss.. 48,546 15,539 7,499 901 952 1,699 | 2,151 JOU. tniarsiale vs imine vias Both sexes... 107,771 36,190 14,838 1,764 2,036 3,403 | 4,294 . MEL0s ale vsianis 55,242 19,089 7,330 904 981 | 1,620| 2,087 Female....... 52,529 17,101 7,508 860 | 1,055 1,785 2,277 AOB0 is a tie sa nam ..Both sexes... 114,141 36,736 15,148 3,397 2,639 3,784 | 4,730 Male. sii 58,594 19,404 7,704 1,719 1,242 1,756.0 ..2,301 ‘ Fenale..... 4 55,547 17,352 7,444 1,678 1,397 2,028 | 2,429 OBB i ew ada ene Both sexes... 113,719 36,512 14,490 2,790 1,925 3,620 4,941 : Male.bveessn 4 58,706 19,612 7,337 1,418 906 | © 1,703 | 2,346 Ferale,..... . 55,015 16,900 7,153 1,572 1,019 1,917 | 2,595 1987s ne sien sie 45's ewes unas BoObh Sones’, 109,795 36,914 15,280 2,845 1,928 5,553 | 4,719 Male. ih rive .s 56,662 19,411 6,618 1,467 966 1,749 | 2,289 ; Pemale...s:.. 53,133 17,503 6,662 1,378 962 1,804 | 2,430 Czechoslovakia: : LOTT isle ipin oven vt Sree .Both sexes... 202,358 31,908 7,489 6,556 — 73145 Melo. nnsit ‘ 102,427 17,925 4,036 3,255 — 5,838— ! Pomale..voess 99,931 15,983 3,453 5,108—— 5,305— 193B.u 1's sins vs yiuisin +9 s BOLD SEXES us 202,383 32,657 8,587 6,964— 7,392 — r Malet ov. oe 101,948 18,349 4,481 3,505 == 3,829 — Female....... 100,435 14,308 4,106 3,399 —— 3,565 — OTE, waive svatelinia see Both sexes... 204,123 33,062 8,045 6,880—— 7,715— Mule....... de 103,220 18,621 4,304 5,500— 4,063 — Female....... 100,903 14,441 3,741 5,380—— a HOB Ar esha nn ..Both sexes... 199,406 35,819 9,173 7,855 — 8,042 — Male. vies ss 101,188 20,007 4,743 5,700 — 4,173 — Female...... . 98,218 15,812 4,430 3,555 3,869 — YORE esis vivian ales sean Both sexes... 205,291 36,480 9,110 4,179 | 2,514 3,055 | 5,602 Male. .cuvess 103,190 20,348 4,691 2,084 1,235 1,597 | 2,883 Female....... 102,101 16,132 4,419 2,095 | 1,279 1,458 | 2,719 19388, ....... shin sa Both sexes... 210,341 42,708 10,477 4,317 2,341 3,626 | 5,983 Male, vise 106,119 23,651 5,459 2,168 | 1,157 1,857 | 3,134 ; Female. ..... 104,282 19,057 5,018 2,149 1,184 1,769 | 2,849 We XOBYB, oan ate aly Both sexes... 212,280 42,624 9,781 4,199 1,899 4,252 | 6,381 ‘ Male... vases . 107,865 23,985 5,039 2,142 908 2,168 | 3,351 Fenale...... . 104,415 18,639 4,742 2,057 991 2,084 [ 5,030 AORAB A alae Both sexes.. 207, 709 45,774 10,686 4,692 1,756 | 4,474 | 6,250 Mald.. ods cose 105,790 R5,58% 5,473 2,380 892 2,266 | 3,330 | Ferale...... t 101,919 20,191 5,213 2,312 864 2,208 | 2,920 1920%..5. 0, ive Lala, Both sexes... 225,527 46,442 11,278 4,934 1,700 5,126 | 6,715 Male. esas 114,529 25,996 5,903 2,481 815 2,652 | 3,568 Female...:.. . 110,998 20,446 5,375 2,458 885 2,474 | 3,147 { \ GENERAL MORTALITY Rr iis 33 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, SELECTED YEARS—Continued include "war losses," 1. e., all deaths among armed forces and deaths of civilians from operations of war) \ 75 $ 25-29 30-34 35-33 40-44 45-49 50-54 | 55-59 | 60-64 | 65-69 | 70-74 | years years years years years years years years years years years and / 5 : over 2,082 2,127 2,416] 2,974 3,937 | 5,487| 7,427 | 9,321 | 11,257 | 12,303 | 31,211 988 1,062 1,264] 1,603 2,261 | 3,172| 4,535 | 5,635 | 6,636] 6,974 | 15,679 . 1,094 1,065 1.182] a,37 1,676 | 2,315| 2,894 | 3,686 | 4,620 | 5,329 | 15,532 2,270 2,241 2,641] 3,147 4,087 | 5,546 | 7,549 | 9,370 | 11,149 | 12,252 | 32,626 1,167 1,142 1,378) 1,756 2,305 | 3,257 | 4,589 | 5,677 | 6,548 | 6,923 | 16,475 : f 1,103 1,099 1,265| 1,391 1,762 | 2,289 | =2,960| 3,695 | 4,601| 5,329 | 16,151 2,586 2,280 2,577| 3,044 4,018 | 5,655| 7,354 | 8,935 | 10,543 | 11,421 | 29,697 1,247 1,167 1,360] 1,698 2,291 | 3,410| 4,397| 5,418 6,163] 6,503 | 15,065 1,139 1,113 1,217| 1,346 1,727 | 2,245] 2,957 | 3,517 | 4,380| 4,918 | 14,632 2,490 2,359 2,759] 3,208 4,233 | 5,581 | 7,244 | 8,768 | 10,465 | 11,469 | 30,182 1,317 1.21% 1,497| 1,744 2,416 | 3,354 | 4,595 | 5,285 | 6,055| 6,489 | 15,280 1,173 1,148 1,242] 1,464 1,817 | 2,227| 2,851 | 3,483 | 4,412 | 4,980 | 14,902 2,390 2,326 2,705 3,075 4,000| 5,645| 7,183 | 8,538 | 10,123 | 11,484 | 29,416 1,157 1,192 1,406] 1,695 2,2905| 3,340| 4,409 | 5,197 | 5,941 | 6,417 | 14,819 7 1,233 1,154 1,299 1,380 1,705 | 2,305| 2,774 | 3,341 | 4,182| 5,067 | 14,597 3,829 3,500 3,359| 3,447 3,212 | 3,401 | 3,717 | 4,338 | 3,637] 3,729 | 8,835 1,834 1,833 | © 1,748] 1,876 1,840| 1,998 | 2,188 | 2,377 | 1,978 | 1,866 | 3,653 1,995 1,667 1,011 1.571 1,572 | 1,403 | 1,529 | 1,961 | 1,659 | 1,863 | 5,182 4,118 3,568 3,440| 3,385 3,292 | 3,330| 3,705 | ‘5,690 | %,545| 5,2%8 | 5,491 1,801 1,908 1,695 1,873 1,896 | 1,931] 2,140| 2,015 1,836| 1,675 | 2,310 2,317 1,660 1,745] 1,512 1,396 | 1,399 | 1,563 | 1,675 | 1,709| 1,563 | 3,181 4,057 5,566 3,486| 3,453 | 3,345 | 3,550| 3,671 | 4,189 | 3,576 | 3,707 | 8,530 1,893 1,887 1,744] 1,979 1,961 | 1,917| 2,126 | 2,255 | 1,910] 1,863 | 3,497 2,164 1,679 1,742 1,474 1,362 | 1,433 | 1,545| 1,934 | 1,666| 1,844 | 5,053 4,613 3,821 4,140| 3,728 5,522 | 3,785 | 35,760 | 4,020 | 3,634| 3,576 | 8,186 2,258 1,937 2.115) a, 0m 2,005 | i238] ‘zaer | 2am 1,908( 1,775} 3,407 2,355 1,884 2,027 1,677 1,519 1,590| 1,595 | 1,889 | 1,731| 1,803 | 4,779 4,389 3,914 4,103| 5,642 3,843 | 3,814| 3,932 | 4,104 | 35,897 | 3,908 | 9,422 2,151 1,943 2,120] 2,004 2.3970 2.204 amen |. mma | 2a08i 1,918'[% 5,807 2,238 1,971 1,983 1,638 1,646 | 1,590| 1,610) 1,890 | 1,789. 1,990 | 5,615 4,290 3,825 4,085) 3,610 3,569 | 3,666 | 3,617 | 3,902 | 3,338 | 3,660 | 8,684 2,029 1,899 2,060] 1,989 2,005 | 2,207 | =2,165| =2,155| 1,816| 1,813 | 3,643 2,261 1,926 1,975| 1,621 1,474] 1,489 3,452}. 1,727] 2,522 ( 1,847 | 5,001 10,212 —— 11,879 —— | 15,655 —— 26,714 — | ————85,015 5,202 ——— 6,274 — |——— 8,301 —— 14,015 —— | —— 39,577 5,010—— [————5,605 —|————7,353 —— 12,699 —— | —————— 45,438 ——10,435 ——11,638 — | ————15,525 —. 26.802 ——{— "82 5ay 5,185 —— | ———— 6,084 — | ———— 8,340 —— 13,829 —— | —————— 38,282 5,250 —— | ————— 5,554 — | —— 7,185 — 12,765 — | ————— 44,5305 10,734 —— | ————11,591 — |———— 15,687 —— 26,238 — | —————— 84,152 8,354 —— | ———86,179—|—— 8,301 — 15,707 ——{———— 39 078 5,580 —— | ————— 5,412 — | ———— 7,526 —— 12,491 —— | ————— 45,076 10,848 —— | ————11,138 — | ——— 15,147 —— 25,858 ———— 76 288 5,566 —— | ——— 5,789 — | ———— 8,151 — 13,577 —— | —————— 35,470 5,282 —— 5,349 — | ———— 7,016 — 12,076 — 40,818 ———— 5,375 5,797 5,687| 5,909 7,118 | 8,589 | 11,519 | 14,576 | 18,177 | 20,555 | 41,035 . 2,705 2,954 2,880] 5,075 3,705 | 4,579 | 6,118 | 7,513 | 9,016| 9,787 | 18,011 2,670 2,843 2,807] 2,834 3,415 | 4,010| 5,401 | 7,063 | 9,161 | 10,766 | 23,024 5,576 5,710 |\ 5,466] 5,829 6,975 | 8,851 | 11,453 | 14,418 | 17,829 | 20,027 | 38,761 2,796 2,891 2,752| 3,053 5,666 | 4,765| 6,055 | 7,502 | 8,812 | 9,465 | 16,972 2,780 2,819 2,754] 2,796 3,507 | 4,086 | 5,398 | 6,916 | 9,017 | 10,562 | 21,789 5,928 5,772 5,579 5,814 6,957 | ©,931| 11,665 | 14,934 | 17,706 | 21,020 | 38,817 2,951 2,815 2,811 3,105 3,755 | 4,765| 6,290 | 7,802 | 8,8535| 9,989 | 17,126 2,977 2,957 {\' 2.768) 2.709 3,202 | 4,166 | 5,375 | 7,132 | 8,853 | 11,081 | 21,691 5,926 5,559 5,406| 5,686 6,670 | 8,796 | 11,309 | 14,350 | 16,819 | 18,960 | 54,596 2,980 2,812 2,636| 2,998 3,576 | 4,849 | 6,149 | 7,498 | 8,289 | 8,849 | 15,250 2,946 2,747 '2,770| 2,688 | _.3,094| 3,947 5,160] 6,852 | 8,530 | 10,111 | 19,366 6,497 5,982 5,664] 6,263 7,351 | 9,801 | 11,994 | 15,407 | 19,212 | 21,248 | 39,886 3,218 2,863 2,792 18,320 4,002 | 5,260 | 6,416 | 8,020 | 9,463 | 10,008 | 17,715 3,279 3,099 2,872 2,954 3,349 | 4,540| 5,578 | 7,387 | 9,749 | 11,240 | 22,171 ' INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 16.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED, BY AGE AND SEX: (Exclusive of stillbirths. Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged In the war (1939-1945) dountry, year, and sex All Under 1-4 5~9 10-14 15-19 20-24 ages 1 year years years years years years a : 5 Denmark (ex. Faroe Islands): E : 1 AGA sic cin nr iiinns ..Both sexes... 41,1086 4,322 803 302 228 428 789 t 2 Hale......... 20,455 2,487 462 170 143 R34 448 5 3 Fenale. . vee 20,651 1,835 341 132 85 194 341 : 4 OA oivaaie sists sie widie sens Both sexes... 37,982 3,780 633 R11 R17 420 632 5 Maley usa, 19,001 2,225 337 123 115 R25 354 6 Female...... 18,981 1,555 R96 88 102 195 R78 7 BOP vices vies ....Both sexes... 37,527 3,737 605 260 R14 393 523 i 8 MalSesss nis . 18,745 2,207 339 153 116 R03 R64 9 Female....... 18,782 1,530 R66 107 98 190 259 10 LLY] ES RNR EN Both sexes... 39,756 3,919 697 R260 R18 391 498 11 Male... vivian 19,896 2,309 364 141 125 R32 266 12 Femaleessuese 19,860 1,610 333 119 93 159 R3R 13 II icles vials wn oem ois Both sexes... 39,730 5,517 57R R05 182 373 484 14 Malesdoeveesae 19,787 2,021 312 114 105 R04 R65 15 Femaleeeeeons 19,943 1,496 R60 91 77 169 219 16 1959... 80h cis fo neni Both sexes.. 38,535 3,945 637 R29 R06 387 513 ? 17 Male......... 19,337 2,264 363 128 120 212 284 18 Female....... 19,198 1,681 R74 101 86 175 229 England and Wales: 19 OA as a alee Both sexes... 524,434 34,550 12,149 5,677 4,031 7,925 | 7,649 20 Maleessveess . 270,344 19,912 6,523 3,148 2,219 4,243 | 3,228 20 Female...... . 254,090 14,638 5,626 2,529 | 1,812 3,682 | 4,421 29 SAD. Se ial sis oa Seeee Both sexes... 572,644 33,892 11,104 5,491 | 4,177 | 8,365 | 8,149 23 Male........ . 294,196 19,693 6,051 3,003 2,228 4,388 | 3,663 24 Fenale....... 278,448 14,199 5,053 2,488 | 1,949 | 3,977 | 4,486 25 Bak Both sexes... ©499,066 31,190 7,924 4,197 3,116 6,220 (‘7,112 26 METB. vie vsan vs 255,043 17,870 4,299 2,361 | 1,649 3,281 | 3,699 ; 27 Female....... 244,023 13,320 3,625 1,836 1,467 2,939 | 3,413 28 BE Ne can sai Both sexes... 7478,996 32,724 10,215 5,379 3,668 6,464 | 7,831 29 . Males seveien 7246,898 18,945 5,535 2,814 1,987 3,500 | 4,258 30 Femalee.vs... R32,098 13,779 4,680 2,565 1,681 R,964 | 3,573 Estonia: : 31 OBB ie ninninssvsinsinne Both sexes... 16,496 1,430 426 R17 20% 279 342 32 Male........ . 8,354 819 RR3 113 103 148 190 33 Female...... . 8,142 611 R03 104 99 131 152 3 Finland: x 34 AOABL Sieve da aes Both sexes... 73,696 5,817 2,635 1,066 866 | 1,831 | 7,492 35 MalGesssnsenss 47,903 3,317 1,448 550 462 1,127 6,697 36 Females. saan 25,793 2,500 1,187 516 404 704 795 3 37 ADB dinner sor ein sivas Both sexes... 54,300 5,446 2,191 808 703 1,516" 12,827 38 Malede s.orn 30,570 3,097 1,179 463 350 708 | 2,174 g 39 Fomalee...... 23,730 2,349 1,012 345 353 608 653 § 3 40 A088. suenincsvnsnininns Both sexes... 47,901 5,202 1,765 853 720 1,283 1,661 x 41 Malev. ootee 24,794 2,97 930 434 360 660 955 42 Female...... . 23,107 2,215 835 419 360 6R3 706 43 OS hs vi ee Both sexes... 47,150 4,960 1,881 944 758 | 1,160 | 1,741 44 Male...... PR R4,545 2,841 969 512 373 61% 996 Be 45 Femalge.osons 2° ,605 2,119 . 912 432 385 548 745 46 NOB. a hee staan Both sexes... 49,723 4,543 2,036 1,075 869 | 1,339 | 1,962 47 Male... aes 25,369 2,560 1,092 566 406 703 | 1,124 48 Female...... . 24,334 1,983 944 509 463 636 838 Fe ~ |France:® f 49 OAnk Boil a vdde Both sexes... 635,806 38,818 9,947 4,998 4,227 8,163 [10,353 id 50 Male..snnss. . 331,630 22,040 5,311 2,713 2,210 4,351 5,548 2 51 Female....... 304,176 16,778 4,636 2,285 | 2,017 | 3,812 | 4,805 A 52 aM Bh Ne Both sexes... 653,419 36,242 10,765 5,221 | 4,308 8,304 | 9,253 Us 53 Males. wesve 344,757 20,549 5,653 2,774 R,R38 | | 4,413 4,948 54 Ferale...... . 308,662 15,693 5,112 2,447 2,070 3,891 | 4,305 - 55 Aoa0k 8. 5 Both sexes... 735,900 49,156 14,420 6,320 5,301 9,645 | 8,324 8 56 Male..esv viv . 378,110 28,106 7,836 3,385 2,895 5,352 14,139 ¢ 57 Femaleeeseens 357,790 21,050 6,584 R,935 2,406 4,293 4,185 i 58 EOE vane Both sexes... 619,435 37,088 10,411 4,902 | 3,872 7,757]:7,170 H 59 Male. vertu . 322,230 21,207 5,629 2,606 | 1,996 | 4,031 | 5,693 i > 60 Females..... . 297,205 15,881 4,782 2,296 1,876 3,726 3,477 61 OBB. sivisie s iaisivisiv esa vies Both sexes... 647,498 40,148 12,455 5,665 4,437 8,017 9,087 62 Malea.o.vsts i 338,401 22,913 6,699 2,967 | 2,248 | .4,199 | 4,876 63 Female...... . 309,097 17,258 5,756 2,698 2,189 3,818%] 4,211 See footnotes on p. 160. GENERAL MORTALITY 33 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, SELECTED YEARS—Continued include "war losses," 1. e., all deaths among armed forces and deaths of civilians from operations of war) 75 25-29 30~34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 years. You Line years years years years years years years years years years and = je No. 2 over 1,479 2,003 3,164 —— | ———5,517— 9,296 ——1 "12,759 36 x 793 — 1, OVS 1, BB rem R,788——— 4,547 — 5,778 R9 2 686 — 988, rere 1,583 rl imitree B74 rns 4,749 6,961 7 3 588 740 793 952 1,262 1,613 2,254 3,047 4,121 4,607 | 12,056 56 4 282 380 360 483 661 |. 839 1,161 1,569 2,092 2,219 5,525 51 5 306 360 433 469 601 774 1,093 1,478 2,029 2,588 6,531 5 6 588 675 817 920 1,299 1,624 2,267 3,063 3,935 4,653 11,902 52 7 R95 31R 397 476 662 817 x,197 1,569 2,013 R,R32 5,446 47 8 R93 363 420 444 637 807 1,070 | . 1,494 1,92 R,421 6,456 5 9 594 617 764 992 1,295 1,878 2,890 2s175 4,060 4,314 | 13,159 351 10 309 288 377 466 646 966 1,264 1,628 2,075 2,554 6,054 BR 11 285 329 387 526 649 gle 1,126 1,547 1,985 ?,460 75105 3 12 595 643 877 1,008 1,268 1,76 2,341 5257 4,108 5,058 | ‘13,536 204% 13 282 R97 418 518 630 920 1,206 1,690 2,079 2,435 65277 14 | 14 313 546 459 490 638 806 1,135 1,547 2,029 2,603 7,259 Biv-15 669 681 818 |* 1,003 1,208 1,785 2,313 3,226 3,808 4,647 12,450 10] 16 348 310 400 508 602 878 1,260 5707 1,942 R593 5,697 TO 17 4 321 371 418 495 606 907 1,052 1,509 1,866 2,354 6,753 —-| 18 9,073 10,651 12,701 15,147 19,527 127,017 { .56,925 {48,929 60,725 | 67,206 | 144,552 -| 19 4,244 5,600 7,162 8,420 10,624 | 15,430 | R1,561 | 28,083 33,300 | 34,497 62,150 =| 20 4,829 5,05): 5,539 6,727 8,903 | 11,587 | 15,364 | R0,846 R7,425 3%, 709 82,402 -| RA 10,234 11,516 13,752 15,915 R1,365 30, 503 41,638 55,432 67,067 74,633 | 159,411 ll 5,169 6,188 7,681 8,639 11,733 17,524 24,388 | 31,546 36,404 | 37,799 | 68,159 -] R3 5,065 5,328 6,131 7,76 9,632 12,979:1..17,250 | 25,886" ‘30,663 36,834 91,252 —-| R4 8,670 9,176 10,892 12,981 18,046 | 26,087 | 35,651 | "48,130 | 58,836 | 67,149 |143,591 - | RS 4,394 4,721 5,841 6,805 9,753 14,732 R0,478 7,155 | 31,807 34,554 61,746 -| R6 4,276 4,455 5,051 6,176 8,293 11,355,1°°15,173 R0,975 27,029 32,795 81,845 = uy 8,851 9,462 11,123 13,028 17,996 5,298 | 34,082 45,876 55,60 | 62,163 | 129,049 -{ 28 4,624 4,945 5,961 6,874 9,809 | 14,238 19,291 | 25,648 30,300 31,965 56,037 ~ 1-529 4,227 4,517 5,162 6,154 8,187 1.21),060. | 14,791 { 20,228 5,320 30,198 75,012 -1 30 456 481 498 549 620 789 955 1,328 1,522 1,855 4,535 22 31 264 284 302 316 377 477 587 772 768 859 1,744 8.232 192 197 196 R33 R43 312 368 556 754 996 2,791 4| 33 7,794 5,768 4,412 2,872 R,139 2,669 3,303 4,029 4,882 4,843 11,7978 =| 34 ~ 6,895 4,941 3,639 2,085 1,363 3,702 2,011 2,290 2,562 2,066 4,738 -1 35 899 827 773 777 776 967 1,292 1,759 2,320 2,277 7,040 -| 36 3,735 R756 2,195 1,732 1,928 2,519 3,018 3,824 4,738 4,111 10,451 41387 R,937 2,016 1,455 1,047 3,175 1,566 1,802 242192 2,390 1,868 4,148 3 38 798 740 738 685 753 953 1,216 1,632 2,348 2,243 6,303 1) 39 1,908 1,826 1,690 1,822 1,924 2,512 3,060 3,6R8 4,149 4,208 9,690 ~| 40 1,021 1,070 O25 1,080 1,165 1,490 1,835 2,059 2,166 1,936 3,78% -| 41 887 756 765 742 759 1,022 1,225 1,569 1,983. R,R7R 5,909 -| 42 1,892 1,742 1,678 1,719 1,905 2,465 2>927 5,612 3,928 4,467 9,371 —-| 43 1,047 980 920 1,033 1,170 1,491 1,798 2,018 2,039 R,094 3,652 —-| 44 845 762 758 686 735 974 1,129 1,594 1,889 2,373 5,719 —| 45 R,047 1,844 1,676 1,780 2,036 R,558 3,035 3,866 3,921 4,589 10,547 ~| 46 1,065 955 895 1,038 1,192 1,537 15787 2,218 2,052 2,163 4,036 -| 47 982 889 761 742 844 1,021 1,248 1,648 1,869 2,426 6,511 —~| 48 8,803 13,37 15,898 R0,675 R3,300 | 28,499 | 37,966 50,468 | 69,810 | 80,080 [210,180 159] “49 4,598 7,407 9,432 12,928 13,825 | 16,438 R1,933 28,678 39,328 | 42,632 92,162 96°] - 50 4,205 5,965 6,466 7,747 9,565 | 12,061 | 16,033 1,790 | 30,482 37,448 (118,018 63 S51 10,427 14,378 18,604 23,844 26,487 3R,240 | 41,1R7 55,293 71,691 78,869 | R08,17R 194 52 5,671 8,396 11,683 15,305 15,950 | 19,047 | 24,084 | 30,802 | 40,255 | 41,588 91,253 148 53 4,756 5,982 6,921 8,539 10,557 1" 13,193 17,043 22,491 | 31,436 37,81 | 115,919 46 54 11,528 14,974 19,217 R3,750 26,313 33,799 435,989 59,277 76,286 | 91,206 | 259,964 | 2,431] 55 5,797 8,180 11,496 14,749 15,324 | 19,854 R5,415 33,660 | 41,847 | 46,944 [101,690 | 1,441 56 55731 6,794 74721 9,001 10,989 | 13,945] 18,574 | 25,617 34,439 | 44,262 [138,274 990 57 12,273 14,548 18,247 20,655 3,214 | 26,892 38,286 52,953 64,138 77,529. 1 196,292 58 58 6,728 8,720 11,577 12,784 13,200 | 17,419 22,169 30,557 1 35,368 40,397 84,018 41] 59 5,545 5,878 6,670 7,871 9,924 | 12,573 16,117 | R2,396 8,770 1 37,132 [112,274 171-60 14,080 16,553 R0,332 22,052 24,806 32,420 ( 41,021 55,954 | 65,534 78,844 | 196,017 6.1161 7,816 9,972 13,044 13,407 14,160 | 18,795 | 24,012 32,061 | 56,155. 40,585 84,460 34 | 62 6,264 6,581 7,288 8,645 10,646 13,625 | 17,009 23,893 29,379 38,261 [111,557 421 63. INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS = rah hea ERC LS TABLE 16.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED, BY AGE AND SEX: (Exclusive of stillbirths. Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged In the war (1939-1945) + £L Country, year, and sex All Under 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 | 20-24 Y ages 1 year years years years years years France®—Contimied : 1957 eri li ....Both sexes... 629,514 40,397 13,364 5,892 | 4,571 7,658 | 9,796 \ Male aveinn'ss 330,000 23,022 7,238 3,113 | 2,307| 3,895 | 5,162 Female....... 299,514 17,375 6,126 2,779 | 2,264 3,763 | 4,634 GBB sree vey iwwn sie wen ele Both sexes... 642,318 42,245 14,311 6,050 4,743 6,615 [11,188 Male...u.ssss 335,927 24,143 7,556 3,185 | 2,370 | 3,365 6,044 Female...... . 306,391 18,102 6,755 2,867 R,373 3,250 5,144 1925.0 7a va snenbmainins .Both sexes...| 658,379 44,137 14,374 6,430 5,098 | 6,137 [13,081 Male..so sess 345,732 25,281 7,636 3,594 | 2,555 | 3,145 | 7,004 ] Female...... . 314,647 18,856 6,738 3,035 | 2,543 | 2,992 | 5,987 Germany: © * 193gRA0 Li er. .Both sexes...| 1,011,009 | 103,190 25,681 | 11,708 | 8,375 | 14,146 |12,045 Male... oval ‘519,304 60,085 | "14,276 6,557 | 4,625 | 8,274 | 7,004 Female...n... 491,705 43,105 11,405 5,351 | 3,752 | 5,872 | 5,041 $1988... iuns dees sven BObh SORES. 1k 799,220 80,616 19,481 8,924 | 6,670 | 10,408 [12,273 Malo.sesiass hs 410,023 46,849 10,760 4,788 | 3,677 | 6,149 | 7,365 Female....... 389,197 33,767 8,721 4,136 | 2,993 | 4,259 | 4,908 2 OBS hse sands eat Both sexes... 794,367 82,194 19,420 9,506 | 7,180 | 9,554 |14,176 HBTS. wa vines 403,658 47,308 10,646 5,180 | 3,895 | 5,504 | 8,318 Female eese.as 390, 709 34,886 8,774 | "4,326| 5,285| 4,050 | 5,858 2056. eu ras stim Henn .Both sexes... 795,793 84,602 19,730 | 10,685| 7,756 | 8,666 [15,919 Mals.s.hosunls 402,083 48,747 10,867 5,744 | 4,247 | 4,891 | 9,010 Female.......| 393,710 35,855 8,863 4,941 | 3,509 | 3,775 | 6,909 Greeces ; & 1958.00 Tilt. aaa .Both sexes... 93,766 18,345 9,827 2,756 | 1,723 | 2,154 | 2,909 Male..vvvenas]. = 48,877 9,632 4,993 1,400 898'| 1,087 | 1,554 Feriale....... 44,889 8,713 4,834 1,356 gs | 1,067 | 1,355} 1937s esse nsresmsinnsrane Both sexes... 105,674 2% ,469 13,317 3,223 1,795 2,170 3,451 1% Males. ..v. sls 55,149 11,893 6,826 1,743 981 | 1,132 | 1,845 Femal€....... 50,525 10,576 6,491 1,480 814 | 1,038 | 1,606 19560 a, or Both sexes... 105,005 22,074 14,893 3,501 | 1,763 | 2,341 | 3,479 Males... 54,917 11,619 7,556 1,825 965 | 1,213 | 1,816 4 Female. ...... 50,088 10,455 7,337 1,676 798 | 1,128 | 1,663 NEE wl 1085, oie sevice vvres «es... 30th sexes... 101,416 21,708 12,686 3,273 1,631 2,550'|+:3,685 Male... «seve 52,967 11,540 6,588 1,706 811 | 1,259 | 1,933 FONale vnenss 48,449 10,168 6,098 1,567 820 | 1,091 | 1,752 3934...0 dha ns wae Both sexes... 100, 651 23,329 13,646 3,682 | 1,647 | 2,485 | 3,699 Males:iceveeet 5,056 12,148 6,884 1,926 870 1,261 1,811 Female...... . 48,595 11,181 6,762 15756 777 1,224 1,888 ABBE ideas vaste Both sexes... 111,447 23,268 15,633 4,395] 1,861 | 2,857 | 3,929 Male. se nees 57,828 12,293 7,888 2,337 974 | 1,499 | 1,928 Female. eee... 53,619 10,975 7,745 2,058 887 | 1,358 |. 2,001 AIS biieivs vive ein n sine Both sexes... 117,593 25,875 18,017 5,259 1,908 3,220 4,171 Malev. oes one 60, 781 12,371 9,088 2,754 994 | 1,691 | 2,098 Female....... 56,812 11,504 8,929 2,525 914 | 1,529 | 2,073 1931.0. 00s dl OL Both sexes... 114,369" 26,661 17,023 4,438 | 1,812 | 3,196 | 3,803 Male.s. hes 59,213 15,953 8,717 2,330 963 [ 1,564 | 1,895 Female.see.ss 55,156 12,708 8,306 2,108 849 | 1,632 | 1,908 1930.5. tos bivar .....Both sexes... 103,811 19,815 19,612 4,278 | 1,834 | 3,234 | 3,513 Male... iouas 54,046 10,347 10,114 2,324 948 | 1,626 | 1,709 Female....... 49,765 9,468 9,498 1,954 886 | 1,608 | 1,804 100 eae siniele vinta sien os ninines Both sexes... 115,561 20,159 0,259 4,219 1,945 3,688 3,966 Male... oe. . 60,213 10,553 10,427 2,200 ‘10m ) 3,912 1,962 Fermle.. vavs 55,348 9,606 9,832 2,019 924 | 1,776 | 2,004 Boos l Both sexes... 105,665 17,737 18,141 3,851 | 1,835 3,306 | 3,735 Malehssesesn , 54,102 9,202 9,199 1,937 938 | 1,607 | 1,773 Feriale....... 51,563 8,535 8,942 1,894 897 | 1,699 | 1,962 i TSR Both sexes... 100, 020 17,745 19,062 3,567 | 1,794 | 3,130 | 3,591 MELE... vaivs vis . 51,774 9,279 9,818 1,881 948 | 1,571 | 1,741 Female....... 48,246 8,466 9,244 1,686 846 | 1,559 | 1,850 Hungary :1* YgapR= aL Ln v.....Both sexes... 231,102 47,794 12,210 3,368 | 3,018 | 5,658 | 6,351 Male..vvuees . —_— —_— —_— — —_— — — Females. ves} eee pL ea —— — ——— wl 19412 Ln, eid Both sexes... 192,908 36,938 8,933 2,902 2,749 4,710 | 4,322 Mule... saseies —_— — —— —— —_— — Pemale...... . ne — —_— —_— —_— — — footnotes on p. 160. i ¢ 33 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, SELECTED YEARS—Continued GENERAL MORTALITY include "war losses," 1. e., all deaths among armed forces and deaths of civillans from operations of war) 75 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 years Fie years years years years years years years years years years and A ’ over 14,402 16,631 19,710 20,713 24,301 | 31,839 | 40,187 | 54,674 | 63,616 | 77,239 | 184,495 29 7,851 10,105 12,307 12,251 14,052 | 18,371 | 2%,423 | 31,648 | 35,359 | 39,794 | 80,103 19 8,551 6,526 7,403 8,462 10,269 | 15,468 | 16,764 | 23,026 | 28,257 | 37,445 | 104,392 10 14,078 16,882 19,511 20,860 24,733 | 32,489 ( 41,110 | 56,372 | 63,415 | 79,316 | 188,390 10 7,800 | 10,130 | 12,045| 12,063 14,245 | 18,597 | 24,019 | 32,513 | 34,962°| 40,912 | 81,975 5 6,278 6,752 7,466 8,797 10,488 | 13,892 | 17,091 | 23,859 | 28,453 | 38,404 (106,415 15 15,111 17,915 20,155 20,907 26,232 | 33,541 | 43,861 | 55,5111 66,695 | 80,129 |189,050 15 8,160 10,683 12,160 11,972 15,008 | 19,209 | 25,751 | 32,092 | 36,40 | 41,254 | 81,928 10 6,951 7,232 7,995 8,935 11,224 | 14,332 | 18,110 | 23,419 | 30,275 | 38,895 [107,122 5 20,653 23,389 27,688 | 29,929! 35,736 | 46,220 | 64,319 | 91,445 [109,922 | 124,467 | 259,565 531 11,417 12,825 15,331 15,728 18,461 | 25,597 | 35,015 49,038 | 57,313 | 61,608 | 116,063 ’89 9,236 | 10,564 | 12,357 | 14,201 17,R75| 22,623 | 29,304 | 42,407 | 52,609 | 62,859 | 145,502 242 18,095 19,673 |" <*22,235 23,643 28,450]: 38,6751 52,527 | 73,753 | 86,820'] 99,391 |197,516 70 10,128 10,689 12,261 12,233 14,566 | 20,336 |- 28,264 | 39,329 | 44,870 | 49,261 | 88,452 46 7,967 8,984 9,974 | 11,410| 13,884 | 18,339 | 24,263 | 34,424 | 41,950 | 50,130 | 109,064 24 18,621 19,762 22,338 23,235 28,713 | 38,338 | 52,454 | 7R,579 | "84,295 | 98,020 | 193,890 92 10,002 10,523 11,871 11,676 14,639 | R0,189'| 27,997 | 38,598 | 43,R94 | 48,019 | 85,940 v.59 V1. 8,619 9,239 10,467 11,559 14,074 | 18,149'| 4,457 | 33,981 | 41,001 | 50,001 | 107,950 33 | 19,095 20,406 22,240 25,374 29,644 | 38,035 | 53,536 | 70,648 | 84,55 | 96,058 [191,072 72 10,174 | 10,630 11,500 | 11,577 | 14,995] 19,985 | 28,715| 37,286 | 45,020 | 46,614 | 84,087 44 8,921 9,776 10,740 | 11,797 | 14,649 | 18,050 | 24,821 | 33,362 | 41,235 | 49,444 |107,035 28 3,119 2,726 2,925 2,484 2,845 3,094 3,946 4,834 5,918 6,362 | 17,546 253 1,597 1,412 1,453 1,317 1,604 1,761 | 2,392 2,857 | 3,469 3,354 7,966 131 1,522 1,314 1,472 1,167 1,241 1,333 1,554 1,977 2,449 3,008 9,580 122 3,379 3,071 3,196 2,736 3,059 5,326 | 4,381 5,172 6,091 6,571 | 17,946 321 1,594 1,570 1,588 1,470 1,730 | 1,905] 2,653 3,016 3,506 3,450 | 8,104 143 1,785 1,501 1,608 1,266 1,329 1,421 1,728 2,156 | 2,585 3,121 9,842 178 3,361 2,951 2,943 2,657 3,064 | 3,322 4,129 5,114 5,668 6,384 | 16,869 492 1,637 1,490 1,474 1,424 1,786 1,963 2,509 3,049 3,290 3,354 7,706 241 1,724 1,461 1,469 1,233 1,278 1,359 1,620 2,065 2,378 3,030 9,163 251 3,599 2,985 3,055 2,638 2,948 3,374 4,019 4,711 5,544 5,916 | 16,770 524 1,722 1,465 1,462 1,379 1,632 1,994 2,413 2,804 3,168 3,095 7,730 266 1,877 1,520 1,593 1,259 1,316 | 1,380| 1,608 1,907 2,376 2,821 | 9,040 258 3,397 2,956 2,846 2,538 2,870 | 3,281 3,720 | = 4,540 5,206 5,590 | 14,924 295 1,601 1,460 1,329 1,306 1,642 1,932 2,280 2,659 5,078 2,918 6,800 151 1,796 1,496 1,517 1,232 1,228 | 1,349| 1,440 1,881 | 2,128 2,672 | 8,124 144 4,002 3,402 3,501 3,116 5,553 3,834 4,516 5,262 5,846 5,936 | 16,008 548 1,875 1,607 1,633 1,630 2,009 2,255 2,717 3,016 3,309 5,136 7,368 R94 2,127 1,795 1,866 1,486 1,524 | 1,579 1,739 2,246 2,537 | 2,800] 8,640 254 4,186 3,514 3,438 3,098 3,501 | 3,929 4,542 5,306 6,109 6,158 | 16,072 | 1,400 1,961 1,565 1,576 1,658 2,029 2,315 2,777.1 5,111 3,508 3,168 7,417 720 2,235 1,749 1,862 1,440 x,562 1,614 1,765 2,195 2,601 2,990 8,655 680 3,945 3,102 3,244 2,865 3,340 3,811 4,249 5,075 5,781 5,880 | 15,497 647 1,883 1,433 1,490 1,468 1,869 2,242 2,640 2,982 3,291 | 3,012 7,173 308 2,062 1,669 1,754 1,397 1,471 | 1,569| 1,609 2,093 2,490 2,868 | 8,324 339 3,834 2,943 5,150 2,661 3,197 | 3,410 3,662 4,443 5,075 5,257 | 13,003 890 1,813 1,344 1,484 1,344 1,831 R,002 R,%43 R,581 2,889 2,721 6,241 485 2,021 1,599 1,666 1,317 1,366 1,408 1,419| 1,862 2,186 2,536 | 6,762 405 4,310 3,517 3,736 3,236 3,757 4,094 4,390 5,278 6,113 6,142 | 15,805| 1,147 2,035 1,455 1,748 1,696 2,146 2,398 2,741 3,0%30| 3,544] 3,130] 7,609 606 2,275 1,862 1,988 1,540 1,611 | 1,696) 1,649] 2,248 2,569 3,012 8,196 541 3,915 2,772 3,424 2,784 3,365] 3,597 | 3,993 4,856 5,665 5,809 | 15,457 | 1,443 1,821 1,260 1,605 1,415 1,985 2,103 2,422 2,763 3,812 2,972 7,122 766 2,094 1,512 1,819 1,369 1,560 1,404 | 1,571 2,093 2,453 2,057 8,335 677 3,127 2,671 5,047 2,711 5,R05 5,34 3,472 4,370 4,955 5,244 | 13,443 96R 1,732 1,190 1,400 1,409 1,850 1,965 2,166 2,511 2,873 2,682 6,254 505 1,996 1,481 1,647 1,302 1,355] 1,359] 1,306 1,859 2,082 2,562 7,189 457 4,946 6,046 6,276 7,049 7,983 9,286 | 11,918| 14,570 | 17,141 | 20,417 | 46,819 252 ——— il ied as Se En ots tin — Ta Se — ef 4,607 5,094 5,227 5,928 6,486 8,117 | 10,388 12,354 | 14,687 | 18,124 | 41,207 155 oS a A 5 HK 148 ‘ INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS 2 : ; TABLE 16.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED, BY AGE AND SEX: a (Exclusive of stillbirths. Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged in fhe war (1939-1945) Ra ~ gin, Aa 5 Line Gowditry, year, dnd sek All Under 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 3 No. ages 1 year years years years years years Be i Hungary **—Continued 5 2 1 194022... vvie svar Both sexes. 160,109 31,446 7,383 2,155 1,948 3,607 3,024 5 2 Male... vsrves 83,830 18,142 3,883 1,164 953 1,762 1,561 3 Female..ooes. 76,279 13,304 3,500 991 995 1,845 1,463 4 193985... daslaaly .Both sexes... 139,542 ~ 24,714 6,025 1,919 1,820 3,482 2,695 y 5 . Males. senses 72,165 14,028 i ~3,175 985 893 1,701 1,444 \ Gel ; Female....... 67,377 10,688 2,852 934 927 1,781 1,251 Ba 7 ROBE iin Sar ainine ..Both sexes... 130,628 23,9353 5,981 1,873 1,674 2,900 2,920 5 8 | Mele. einnsse . 67,543 13,515 3,165 989 827 1,417 1,511 K 9 Foriale. «cv vs 63,085 10,418 2,816 884 847 1,483 1,409 10 | 198 viaien sts evs av'sme «Both 'SOXES. 4. 128,049 24,347 6,120 1,899 1,741 2,721 3,424 Kc 11 Melev.es.ivn 66,566 13,659 3,174 997 865 1,293 1,742 Me 12 Pemale,is even 61,483 10,688 2,946 902 876 1,428 1,682 13 1958: sere nevis seseesBOGh SexEE. 128,333 25,489 7,312 2,277 1,796 2,345 3,896 14 Males seers es . 65,915 14,258 3,678 1,161 869 1,098 1,920 15 : Femalee.ss.e. 62,418 11,231 3,634 1,116 927 1,247 1,976 Indial® (British): ¢ 16 TGUB sens Be inline Both sexes...| 6,336,313|[ 1,416,640 |1,141,093 | 380,265 | 221,808 | 224,319 | *7499,600 P 7 Male, odes ensl. 5,512,518 769,744 588,852 | 198,210 | 118,653 | 105,137 | 17221,004 5 18 Pemale...«.+s| 3,025,795 646,896 552,241 | 182,055 103,155 | 119,182 | 17278,596 fis 19 1941.00 sevens .....Both sexes...|1%6,412,942( 1,489,283 | 1,215,761 | 365,969 | 209,762 | 223,085 | 17510,991 5: 20 Males. vse 3,349,612 811,902 625,925 | 192,200 | 112,046 | 102,006 | 17224,740 21 Female. ..css. 5,063,330 677,381 589,838 | 173,769 | 97,716 | 121,079 | 17286,251 or! 22 BAO ae Both sexes...| 6,122,456| 1,483,338 | 1,144,628 | 339,576 | 188,353 | 199,155 | 7475, 504 Rail, 25 Males. oeenas 3,206,111 809,317 586,885 | 177,451 | 99,963 | 90,489 | 17209,472 £ 24 Feriale....:..| 2,916,345 674,021 557,743 | 162,185| 88,390 | 108,666 | 7266,032 25 1939.00 ss ...Both sexes...| 6,165,234| 1,454,678 | 1,111,314 | 331,599 | 183,308 | 199,379 | 17497,925 4 26 Malou. doe oof 3,832,250 794,339 571,761 | 174,638 | 98,066 | 91,101 | 17220,226 ak 27: « Female... 2,932,984 660,339 539,553 | 156,961 | 85,242 [108,278 | 17277,699 Bs 28 19380 vn sini “e.e...Both sexes...| 6,685,120| 1,570,196 | 1,301,531 | 372,020 | 200,398 | 221,916 | *7546,080 ht 29 Mele iis vesanan 3,490,496) 858,619 670,223 | 196,193 | 108,057 | 100,118 | *7238,988 4 30 Female.......] 3,194,624 714,577 631,308 | 175,827 | 92,341 | 121,798 | 17307,092 its 51 1O3722 20 mi .Both sexes...| 6,112,879]| 1,518,569 | 1,138,221 | 327,031 | 182,231 | 208,169 | 17493,008 Re: 32 i Male..ve...ss| 35,188,979 827,357 584,763 | 170,991 | 96,885 | 93,213 | 17215,619 FL 33 Pemale....... 2,923,900 691,212 553,458 | 156,040 | 85,346 | 114,956 | 27277,389 34 9s6LR 20, ol eh .Both sexes... 6,111,971|| 1,539,794 | 1,113,816 | 332,286 | 184,340 | 224,881 | 27511,219 35 Meleses:ses i. 3,198,656 842,507 574,672 | 174,651 | 98,538 | 101,273 | 17226,284 36 Female....... 2,913,315 697,287 539,144 | 157,635| 85,802 | 123,608 | *7284,935 ; ~ |Ireland (Eire): i 371] BOS Co Tima e vinia's .Both sexes... 43,494 5,319 1,322 536 379 811 966 38 Malevseossss . 2,663 —_— ee — —_— — — t 39 i Femaleseosesos 20,831 — ee —-— me ee ae < Ben A042 vn rs hives .Both sexes... 41,640 4,591 1,235 530 389 792 1,046 Rt 41 MBleusersenn 21,868 2,660 634 312 192 401 533 Bs 42 Fomale...e... 19,772 1,951 601 218 197 391 513 ; sii 48 JOEL oan cee ...Both sexes... 43,797 4,175 1,153 461 348 695 910 44 Males ceenine 22,642 2,417 626 245 157 336 422 45 Female... son 21,155 1,758 527 216 191 359 488 46 UTLO a sivas aisinnis ..Both sexes... 41,885 3,759 1,087 469 387 738 906 a7 Male sec ones 21,611 2,094 586 251 186 351 447 & 48 Female....... 20,274 1,665 481 218 201 387 459 = 49 19390 sans nitas ...Both sexes... 41,717 5,691 1,139 491 347 696 819 Ro 50 MalTB ee sions vos 21,567 2,104 567 282 167 353 390 SEL Female. uss. 5 20,150 1,587 572 209 180 343 429 52 NOBEL SL ha. Both sexes... 40,041 3,794 1,352 541 432 729 802 p 53 | Halse. ian 20,637 2,113 701 271 217 352 392 LE 54 Female.euvsun 19,404 1,681 651 270 215 577 410 RE a eel Both sexes... 45,086 4,121 1,627 577 462 735 971 01.56 Malas oo nsiing 25,351 2,311 861 302 221 367 472 : 57 Female...... : 21,755 1,810 766 275 241 368 499 Be 58 ri LE SO +++ +Both Sexes... 42,586 4,309 1,527 606 447 665 1,055 be “59 Male... ses os 21,920 2,414 796 283 235 318 541 Bl 80 Female...... . 20,666 1,895 731 323 212 547 514 i 61 ABB siete in snians res .Both sexes... 41,543 3,988 1,572 630 550 757 1,039 Re 62 Hale. esses . 21,541 2,357 857 305 251 388 536 k= 63 Female....... 20,002 1,651 735 325 299 369 505 | EE EE & GENERAL MORTALITY 33 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, SELECTED YEARS—Continued include "war losses," 1. e., all deaths among armed forces and deaths of clvllians from operations of NTT a - ER fr x war) 75 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 | 55-59 | 60-64 | 65-69 | 70~74 | years abs Line years years years years years years years years years years . and No. over 4,221 4,010 4,225 4,904 5,364 | 6,606 | 8,355 | 10,751 | 12,758 | 15,561 | 33,772 19 ethy 2,096 2,052 2,274 | 2,707 2,867| 3,475| 4,493 | 5,594 | 6,545 | 7,933 | 16,338 pi 2,125 1,978 1,951 2,197 2,497 | 3,131] 3,862 | 5,157 | 6,215] 7,628 | 17,434 glia 5,980 3,747 4,145 | ° 4,430 4,725 | 6,023 | 7,457 | 9,467 | 11,498 | 13,137 | 30,264 1B 2,000 1,905 2,518 2,393 2,537 | 3,186| 3,969 | 4,837! 5,883 | 6,628 | 14,275 ws 1,980 1,842 1,825 2,037 2,188 | 2,857 | 3,488 | 4,650! 5,615 6,509 | 15,989 ail ce 3,763 3,564 3,672 4,056 4,379 | 5,688 | 7,016 | 8,736 | 10,664 | 12,513 | 27,475 opi 1,928 1,758 1,939 2,144 2,305 | 3,039 | 3,681 | 4,559 | 5,638 | 6,242 | 12,871 15| 8 1,835 1,606 1,73% 1,912 2,074 | 2,649 | 3,335 | -4,177 | 5,026 | 6,271 | 14,604 61g 3,864 3,573 3,843 3,878 4,307 | + 5,659 | 6,687 | 8,506 | 10,277 | 12,022 | 25,177 4| 10 1,963 1,845 2,074 2,037 2,200 | 3,002 | 3,652 | 4,448 | 5,377 | 6,132 | 12,036 elim 1,901 1,730 1,769 1,841 2,007 | 2,657| 3,055| 4,058 | 4,900| 5,890] 13,141 ai 12 3,862 3,602 3,770 3,704 4,162 | 5,337| 6,392 | 8,127 | 10,048 | 11,537 | 24,644 13 | 13 1,850 1,811 1,940 1,957 2,165 | 2,784 | 5,402 |' 4,207 | 5,203 | 5,827] 11,797 10 | 14 2,052 1,791 1,850 1,767 1,999 | 2,555 | 2,990 | 3,920 | 4,845] 5,710] 12,847 3] 15 Sa 469,627 451,902 475,205 —— 1,055,854 UE — 240,524 259,638 269,444 —— 541,312 -| ay ds 229,103 192,264 205,761 —— 514,542 ~ig is 471,727 442,248 459,243 —— 1,024,873 ~ {29 os 241,087 253,538 259,154—— 527,036 -i1 20 a 230,640 188,710 200,109 —— 497,837 ~ i 3g pn 445,208 —— 422 201 —— 447,551 —— 978, 742 =i van ~~ 228,290 243,807 253,135 507,302 ~iiiios oh 214,918 178,594 194,416—— 471,440 -ifiioq a 463,070 438,165 469,542 —— 1,016,254 — fies zea? 239,422 253,964 264,376 —— 524,357 | iow = 225,648 184,201 205,166 491,897 Be od 495,214 463,050 485,696 —— 1,029,019 ~iti28 mem 253,468 265,929 oy ros 527,678 - king Sa 241,746 197,121 214,475 —— 501,341 -}z0 ud 449,859 422,431 446,712 —= 926,648 = ET ot 231,017 243,476 240,072 —— 476,586 =ifiisp — 218,842 178,955 197,640 —— 450,062 =~ 55 rls 458,550 426,061 441,894 —— 879,130 -| 34 — 236,359 244,671 245,704 —m 453,987 -| 35 — 222,191 181,390 196,180 —— 425,143 -| 36 1,901 1,938 2,909 5,494 10,487-—| 11,432 -| 37 aS iz rd i hts rr ~ |, 38 as — === ec re oi wif m0 981 955 937 1,151 1,181 | 2,774" 2,361| 5,225. ‘a,308 | 5,775] 10,721 — {ied 454 475 475 586 643 914 | 1,175 | 1,743 | 2,381 | 3,065| 5,225 71 Vey 527 480 462 565 548 860 986 | 1,480 | 1,787 | =2,720| 5,516 =item 902 898 910 1,148 1,274 | 1,726 | 2,374 | 3,743 | 4,643 | 6,483 | 11,954 - 148 430 458 440 582 693 889 | 1,269 | 1,949 | 2,586 | 3,373 5,770 ~| a4 472 440 470 566 581 857 | 1,105 | 1,794 | =2,057| 3,110| 6,184 -1 45 932 894 948 1,034 1,320| 1,882 | =2,488/ 3,578 | 4,559 | 6,264 | 10,660 ~{7 a5 468 448 476 503 718 998 | 1,328 | 1,882 | 2,531 | 3,241| 5,108 -| a7 464 446 472 531 602 884 | 1,160 | 1,696 | 2,028 | 3,023 | 5,557 -| 48 895 853 886 1,023 1,273 | 1,948 | 2,499 | 5,638 | 4,586 | 6,276 | 10,657 -il i209 436 431 441 534 642 | 1,026 | 1,354 | =2,001| 2,516 | 3,220 5,103 -| 50 459 422 445 469 631 922 | 1,145 | 1,637 |' 2,070 | 3,056 | 5,554 oi 51 937 857 1,021 1,034 1,264 | 1,838 | 2,423 | 35,570 | 4,229 | 5,841 | 9,397 4 {BR 473 387 494 530 72% 990 | 1,314 | 1,917 | 2,314 | 3,000 | 4,449 gs 464 450 527 504 541 848 | 1,109 | 1,653 | 1,915 | 2,841 | 4,948 ~[ 54 972 972 1,015 1,161 1,428 | 2,131 | 2,785 | 3,985 | 4,649 | 6,519 | 10,976 =I 55 468 450 500 563 744 | 1,168 | 1,493 | 2,191 | 2,644 | 3,370| 5,186 ~| 56 504 522 515 578 684 963 | 1,202 | 1,794 | =2,005| 3,149 5,790 -| 57 994 855 1,053 1,127 1,282 | 2,020 | 2,569 | 3,732 | 4,480 | 6,105 | 9,762 ~| 58 455 394 512 592 661| 1,085] 1,399 | 2,027 | 2,414 | 3,166 | 4,628 -| so 539 461 541 535 621 935 | 1,170 | 1,705 | 2,086 | 2,937 | 5,154 -| 60 929 963 1,099 1,155 1,408 | 2,072 | 2,477 | 3,686 | 4,082 | 5,861] 9,275 515A 464 481 531 599 7841 1,042] 1,31 | ami 2.evE ll Zoa7y 4,574 ~ i582 465 482 568 556 624 930 | 1,136 | 1,705 | 1,809 | 2,944 | 4,901 a Br Ls a ina rin - INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 16.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED, BY AGE AND SEX: (Exclusive of stillbirths. Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged in the war (1939-1945) All Under 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 ’ Country, year, and sex ages 1 year years years years years years Ttalys?* 1980 ts esia's inn v sins wa no BOLL BERS is 621,735| 108,003 46,968 8,827 | 6,765 | 11,546 | 10,944 : Mal6s vis sinan 320,569 59,067 24,055 | . 4,709 | 3,433 6,167 | 6,006 Females.oesns 301,166 48,936 22,913 4,118 5,532 5,379 | 4,938 1940.0 svsnsssrvsessis ...Both sexes... 606,907 || 107,446 40,892 8,119 | 6,349 | 10,506 | 9,559 Mile. Junvainn . 312,183 59,046 20,835 4,302 3,282 5,492 | 5,081 Females: ess. 294,724 48,400 20,057: 5,817 3,087 5,014 | 4,478 J039¢uunnie vinisles osivasie J BOLH ISGXGS. ' 590,530 100,891 43,810 8,741 6,415 | 10,763 | 9,793 Males: vies sien 302,944 55,572 22,554 4,633 3,301 5,685 | 5,105 Femaleeeeoeos 287,586 45,319 21,256 4,108 3,114 5,078 | 4,688 AO3BL A bean ee a Both sexes... 612,229 110,221 48,926 9,322 7,180 | 10,488 | 11,620 Male.’ oases : 314,470 60,410 25,120 | 4,811| 3,726 | 5,433 | 5,999 Female...... . 297,759 49,811 23,806 | 4,511 | - 3,454 5,055 | 5,621 19370 ais sia nsiasinnnssivevsBOth sexes... 615,420|| 107,877 52,831 | 10,163 7,490 | 9,950 | 13,112 Male.....s Vik 316,551 58,918 26,975 5,337 3,839 5,170 | 6,641 Female..... -e 298,869 48,959 25,856 4,826 5,651 4,780 | 6,471 HOBO e's ons vivisia s5n + viv vs BOLh SOXESS +o 589,636 96,680 47,461 9,816 7,427 8,570 | 13,841 Male de owic ve 303,721 53,184 24,499 4,969 3,852 4,474 | 6,918 Femal€....... 285,915 43,496 22,962 4,847 3,575 4,096 | 6,923 AGB5, eeisivien sans ««...Both sexes... 593,953 100, 876 50,317 {10,577 7,895 8,785 | 14,833 Malle. .s.oani . 304,640 54,869 26,017 5,479 | 4,095 | 4,568 | 7,489 Female..... le 289,313 46,007 24,100 5,008 | 3,800 | 4,217| 7,344 Japan (proper): ; 19458223, |... iaa.esaeBobh sexes:..l 1,213,811 4" 195,219 143,830 | 29,609 | 20,311 | 55,584 | 56,759 : Male. aevnbss 635,070 || 106,297 74,319 | 15,158 | 9,380 | 28,044 | 28,603 Female....+.. 578,741 88,922 69,511 | 14,451 | 10,931 | 27,540 | 28,156 194223, .., oh raisin ..Both sexes...| 1,166,630| 190,897 | 120,187 | 29,978 | 21,030 | 55,829 | 56,310 Male. .isvnnse 609,038 || 103,824 61,914 | 15,326 9,401 | 28,042 | 28,576 Fomnle.soss ss 557,592 87,073 58,273 | 14,652 | 11,629 | 87,787 | 27,734 O41 vans Both sexes...| 1,149,559 191,420 | 134,341 | 31,298 | R1,78l1 | 55,938 | 54,688 2 Male.:. «ss ay 597,373 104,271 68,318 | 15,882 | 9,645 | 27,858 | 28,167 Female...... . 552,186 87,149 66,025 | 15,416 | 12,136 | 28,080 | 26,521 194028, 0 users eves BOLh BOXER... 1,186,505 190, 509 134,798 | 34,895 25,606 | 61,010 | 55,987 Male. cavers 615,311 103,900 68,980 | 17,580| 11,306 | 30,164 | 28,039 Female....... 571,284 86,609 65,818 | 17,315 14,300 | 30,846 | 27,948 193923, ,..40ieuveesssv.Both sexes...i 1,268,780){ 202,018 166,713 | 39,734 | 27,330 | 63,605 | 58,652 Male... sins 658,589 | 110,490 85,556 | 20,023 | 11,920 | 31,175 | 29,487 Female. ves sics 610,171 91,528 81,157 | 19,7111 15,410 | 32,430 | 29,165 1988/0 vieeisns onainsiie ...Both sexes...| 1,259,805 220,695 145,157 63,724 122,616 — Male. co sviens 652,936 oe —_————_— —_— Female....... 606,869 —— -_— ll ———— 1957 es Mietainisis + wa Ee .Both sexes...| 1,207,899 230,701 | 155,805 | —— 60,647 —— [——115,859 — Male. seis 625,625 — —_ ee Female....... 582,274 Ri -_—] —— —— EO a 1088 a sles'sininisnin sinwsinninins Both sexes...|?%1,230,278 || #245,357 143,276 R€33,358 | 25,173 | 55,511 | 60,707 Male....soe os 637,854 | 133,899 73,362 | 16,907 | 10,819 | 25,792 | 30,466 Females..... : 592,421 | 111,456 69,914 | 16,450 | 14,354 | 29,719 | 30,241 A988 wisn vi aleissisinn ns nie .Both sexes...|?%1,161,936 || 25233,706 145,989 | 33,806 | 22,998 | 50,030 | 56,723 Male...essess 603,566 126,936 74,513 | 17,069 | 9,855 | 23,475 [28,481 Female.s..... 558,367| 106,768 71,476 | 16,737 | 13,143 | 26,555 | 28,242 ABA ess sina s ava ss saan Both sexes:..|271,234,684 255,063 158,112 | 35,229 | 24,086 | 50,780 | 58,536 Mele saenees 639,008 138,736 81,050 | 17,561 | 10,356 | 23,839 [29,323 Female...... . 595, 507 116,327 77,062 | 17,668 | 13,730 | 26,941 | 29,213 Latvias LBs ines v'sieisinins lain ..Both sexes... 27,827 2,591 836 397 521 422 496 ; Male. vio. soees 14,314 1,491 457 21% 181 219 R74 Female. ...oes 13,513 1,100 379 186 140 203 22% FOBT a} wirisivinie's mais wie .+.Both sexes... 26,703 2,478 833 452 388 470 518 Male....... ve 13,643 1,396 451 228 203 263 284 4 Female....... 13,060 1,082 382 224 185 207 234 Mexico: 10420, viele a svn hs «less BON SEXES... 471,600] 111,100 | 115,119 | 24,502 | 10,291 | 12,600 Male. ieee 242,895 60,101 56,859 | 12,504 5,539 6,255 Female....... 228, 705 50,999 58,260 | 11,998 | 4,752 6,345 A940 inns snnne hin .Both sexes... 428,250 103,935 | ——— 117,121 — 9,453 | 11,877 MALE vis Srisnia'e 220,024 56,552 | ——— 58,357 —~ | 5,096 5,835 Female...veve 208,226 47,383 |——— 58,764 — | 4,357 6,042 footnotes on p. 160. GENERAL MORTALITY 33 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, SELECTED YEARS—Continued include "war losses," 1. e., all deaths among armed forces and deaths of civilians from operations of war) 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 years years years years years years years years years \ 12,658 | 12,889 13,319 14,798 | 16,847| 21,232 | 27,300| 36,376| 49,008| 61,631 | 162,566 58 6,592 6,720 7,299 8,255 9,185 | 11,479 | 14,761| 19,514| =25,339| 31,045| 76,916 49 6,066 6,169 6,020 6,565 7,662 | "9,755 | 12,539| 16,862| 23,669 30,586 | 85,650 9 12,592 | 12,137| 12,638 | 14,251 | 16,558 | 20,635 | 26,456 | 37,574| 47,400| 62,787 | 160,964 64 6,328 6,533 6,755 7,641 8,984 | 10,907 | 14,138 | 19,874| 24,514 31,546 | 77,087 38 6,264 5,804 5,883 6,590 7,574 | 9,728 | 12,%18| 17,700| 22,886| 31,241 | 83,877 26 13,089 | 12,720| 13,052 | 14,441 | 16,741 | 20,958 | 26,192 | 36,578| 46,741| 60,173 | 149,385 97 6,362 6,535 7,035 7,795 8,975 | 11,150 | 13,939| 19,236| 24,057| 30,165| 70,777 52 6,657 6,187 6,017 6,648 7,766 | 9,808 | 12,255 | 17,342| =22,684| 30,008 | 78,608 45 13,726 | 13,087| 13,747| 14,540 16,931| 21,077 | 26,575| 36,375| 47,500| 61,254 | 149,639 23 6,684 6,761 7,251 7,594 9,076 | 11,229 | 14,327| 19,280| =24,595| 30,867 | 71,293 14 7,042 6,526 6,496 6,946 7,855 | 9,848 | 12,248| 17,093| 22,905| 30,387 | 78,346 9 14,002 | 15,356 | 1%,945| 15,015| 17,648 | 21,322 | 27,225| 36,949| 46,966| 62,045 | 145,508" 16 6,943 6,725 7,305 7,808 9,490 | 11,449 | 14,775| 19,697] 24,441| 31,312 | 69,715 11 7,059 6,651 6,640 7,207 8,158 | 9,873 | 12,450 | 17,252| =22,525| 30,733 | 75,793 5 13,633 | 15,083 | 15,896 | 14,566 | 16,940 | 21,043 | 26,785| 35,656| 46,822| 61,190 | 142,166 61 6,716 6,688 7,271 7,617 9,025 | 11,543 | 14,690 | 19,033| =24,242| 31,044 | 68,109 47 6,917 6,395 6,625 6,949 7,915 | 9,700 | 12,095| 16,623| 22,580| 30,146 | 74,057 14 14,358 | 13,168 | 15,832 | 14,558 | 17,069 | 20,492 | 27,230| 34,654| 47,285| 58,866 | 139,335 23 6,950 6,687 6,990 7,451 9,081 | 11,027 | 14,735| 18,408| =24,494| 29,448 | 66,842 15 7,408 6,481 6,842 7,107 7,988 | 9,465 | 12,495] 16,251 22,791| 29,418 | 72,493 8 45,951 | 40,668 | 36,852 | 38,408 | 40,253 | 47,444 | 60,192 | 76,897| 90,410| 82,387 | 153,077 = 23,441 | 21,005| 19,408 | 21,209 | 25,405 | 28,255 | 35,846 | 44,807 50,308| 42,028 | 63,569 =~ 22,490 | 19,655 | 17,424 17,199 | 16,850| 19,209 | 24,346 | 32,090 40,102 40,359 |- 89,508 = 46,099 | 39,224 | 35,689 | 37,195| 38,635 46,102 | 59,155| 75,959| 86,895| 79,305 | 148,145 = 23,577 | 20,110| 18,603 | 20,240 | 22,489 | 27,190 | 35,333 | 44,272| 47,999| 40,596 | 61,546 - 22,522 | 19,114| 17,086 | 16,955| 16,146| 18,912 | 23,822 | 31,687| 38,896| 38,707 | 86,597 | = 45,026 | 37,266 | 34,545 | 34,475 | 36,601 | 45,590 | 57,482 | 75,837| 79,562 | 75,446 | 140,465 - 22,822 | 18,774| 17,498 | 18,564 | =21,150| 26,818 | 33,878 | 45,151| 43,843 | 38,304 | 58,430 ~ 22,204 | 18,492 | 16,845| 15,911 | 15,451| 18,772 | 23,604 | 30,686| 35,719 37,142 | 82,035 - 47,567 | 38,128| 36,115| 35,651 | 38,030 | 4v,278 | 60,062 | 77,214 74,315| 80,634 | 141,798 = 23,849 | 19,020 18,183 | 19,141 | =22,224| 29,192 | 55,757 | 45,097| 43,959 | 40,483 | 58,437 - 23,718 | 19,108 | 17,932 | 16,510 15,806 | 20,086 | 24,305| 32,117| 35,354| 40,151 | 83,361 - 49,153 38,497 | 37,550 | 36,897 | 39,454 | 49,949 | 65,074 | 79,965| 79,044 | 86,782 | 148,289 54 24,316 | 19,111 | 18,867 19,985 23,047 | 29,697 | 38,568 | 46,786| 43,884| 44,001 | 61,548 38 24,837 | 19,386 18,683 16,912 16,407 | 20,252 | 26,5061 3%,179| 35,160] 42,691 | 86,741 | 16 . 87,077 73,498 88,232 142,674 —_— 316,074 ———— 58 82,380 67,848 83,087 — | ——130,167 — | —————— 281,331 ———— 74 46,838 |. 36,527 34,367 3%,443 | 37,976 | 47,449 | 61,523 | 70,559| 73,599 | 76,940 | 147,798 77 23,753 | 17,955| 16,989 17,824 21,794 | 27,905 | 36,827 | 41,167| 40,557] 39,592 | 62,192 54 23,085 | 18,572 17,378 15,619 16,182 | 19,544 | 24,696 | 29,192| 35,042 | 37,348 | 85,606 23 42,718 | 34,823 32,109 | 31,445| 36,893 | 46,644 | 58,969 | 62,429| 70,368 | 68,171 [134,053 2662 21,556 | 17,065 15,871 16,932 21,466 | 27,406 | 35,243 | 36,398| 39,386 | 35,167 | 56,705 4? 21,162 | 17,758] 16,238 | 14,513 15,427 | 19,238 | 23,726 | 26,031| 30,982 | 33,004 | 77,348 19 43,659 36,785 | 2833,854 | 2833,058 | 238,070 | 48,417 | 61,105 | 62,729| 77,161 | 70,237 |147,189 | 2%614 21,683 | 17,811 | 16,605| 17,434 21,975 | 28,383 | 36,500 | 36,653| 42,702 | 35,788 | 62,272 427 21,976 18,974 | 17,247 15,623 16,094 | 20,034 | 24,605 | 26,076| 34,459 | 34,449 | 84,917 112 643 746 736 760 884 | 1,168 1,874 1 472,27) 2,800] 3,207 7,841 34 52 HT 363 411 379 390 509 677 1,007{ 1,313 1,547 1,646 3,210 19] 88 EA 280 335 357 370 375 491 657 958] 1,253 1,561 4,631 15 [54 ican 700 724 733 717 929 | 1,176 1,587 | 2,190] 2,579 3,091 7,115 251 55 5 375 385 387 368 508 699 960 | 1,269] 1,422 1,603 2,834 8] sei Tia 325 339 346 349 421 477 627 921) > 1,157 1,488 | 4,279 17.54 57. Gvined 62,034 54,277 80,194 1,483 32,577 29,542 38,518 1,000 29,457 : 24,735 41,676 483 59,904 — 51,130 73,946 884 30,909 — 27,607 35,062 606 28,995 23,523 - 3u,884 278 (Exclusive of stillbirths. Unless otherwise spect fied, figures for All 1-4 MoxtoomContimed eee. en eB SEXES.ee BY : Maleeeoascnss Body ; R Femalee...... 19394eeescernvasasesaaaBoth sexes... : Maleeeeoeenes 0 Female. ens s ; Metheriantis 3 7 : : 1942.0. ceiennnnes wenn .Both sexes... Maleesssesees ere Femaleee.eses SIM ue dies vi vivn is vs muss «BOLE SEXES 2 : Female....... C1000, vi sh avers sis +0: BOLA SoX0B. ue Ty 4 ; Moles ssnicniss ae Femalee.eeuss 1030, vous yee ves swneeBSth 56eXeS... x Male, o wees ve ; / : Females..oa.. 108 aieieiauies ns shins seus BOL SEXES, oo ‘ Male, essicnes Penaleeessess 1937. nara se una w Se ere ...Both sexes... X : Malesesasn .e Female...... . 2 XGBB uc sineniv sls nion ..+Both sexes... tMale.s iia es : Feraleeeessen Hew Zealand® (ex. Maoris): BE 1043. Laren ..Both Sexes... Gate : © HMale...... “ee ode 1 Fenales.essss A942. sieiesivecursane Both BOXES, ay “ : Femaleseoaeas BED ue otin io nis nin inl ute «Both sexes... Lh Tg Both sexes.:. ? Malas sis sioisinin Trude wreteiete oy N Malo vess tse ; BYOB Tas tenis inivivin sae doin Both sexes... i Hal®ssvievenss ; v Ponele ce ovine E1988 + vv vive Sr ee ...Both sexes... i Malowevssvans Female...evs. Sel-1954 even en ae ....Both sexes... Malesevesoces Famaleeeeeees 458,908 236,758 222,148 446,216 228,918 217,298 86,040 45,966 40,074 89, 716 46,853 42,863 87,722 46,458 41,264 75,841 38,552 37,289 74,043 37,611 36,432 75,516 37,953 37,5653 73,925 37,104 36,819 15,447 8,407 7,040 16,385 8,893 7,492 15,146 8,356 6,790 14,282 17,901 6,381 183,907 16,512 15,395 1832,045 16,590 15,455 29,870 14,870 15,000 24,211 14,641 14,570 30,217 14,986 15,251 30,100 14,870 15,230 477,214 247,613 229,601 110,037 59,868 50,169 106,083 57,250 48,853 7,501 4,375 3,128 7,934 4,652 3,282 7,236 4,168 3,088 6,098 3,486 2,612 6,518 3,781 2,757 6,488 3,765 2,725 6,670 3,825 2,845 951 551 400 964 587 377 . 1,045 586 459 990 573 417 1,966 1,100 866 1,855 1,080 795 1,735 1,014 721 1,692 1,010 682 1,839 1,047 792 1,775 1,014 761 124,534 70,150 54,404 134,516 67,435 67,081 ——] 124,158 — 61,781 — 62,377 2,553 1,215 1,391 B99 LB 514 2,534 1,067 1,418 622 1,116 445 2.25% 1,035 1,881! 599 992 436 1,882" 839 1,049 474 833 365 2,106 961 1,168 580 1938 381 1,985 894 1,107 |: 526 878 368 2,289 943 1,252 510 1,037 433 302 113 175 68 127 45 1805 126 166 62 139 64 220 106 Tidy 60 «106 48 205 98 116 56 89 42 633 365 359 206 274 159 450 243 255 154 195 89 445 228 242 141 203 87 463 261 271 154 192 I07 479 319 276 198 203 121 515 © 290 295 173 220 117 47,408 | 15,366 24,526 7,844 22,882 7,522 9,726 5,242 4,484 8,951 4,817 4,154 919 . 494 425 8R7 473 354 775 4R3 352 606 345 261 706 392 814 686 384 302 762 416 346 104 68 36 108 62 46 103 64 39 108 75 33 301 166 135 261 142 119 218 138 80 215 1R3 92 280 159 121 363 187 176 6,350 © 4,658 4,692 11,978 5,987 5,991 11,611 5,797 5,814 1,508 920 588 1,469 889 580 1,576 850 526 1,065 600 465 1,068 605 465 1,048 567 481 1,064" 570 494 149 86 63 184 119 65 177 109 68 15% 101 50 687 438 249 5553 329 224 489 292 197 1529 304 225 615 368 R47 606 335 A 9,055 4,503 |, 4,552 | 2,051 1,363 688 1,833 1,203 630 2,241 1,647 594 1,081 656 425 1,184 671 513 1,267 708 559 1,375 766 609 251 149 R63 170 | 93 238 129 109 247 138 109 1,000 893 307 T,31% 804 | i. 307 687 382 | 305 739 435 304 827 483 344 918 516 | 402 16,751 8,677 © 8,074 © GENERAL MORTALITY 33 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, SELECTED YEARS—Continued MET 8 ¢ include "war losses," 1. e., all deaths among armed forces and deaths of civilians from operations of war) \ 3 75 } 5-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 | 65-69 s 70-74 years years years years years years years years years years years and A over 63,175 52,537 76,280 33,050 ?8,485 36,215 30,125 24,052 40,065 64,510 52,871 77,431 ; 3%, 756 - 28,530 36,546 30,754 ] 24,541 — + 40,885 i 1,827 1,768 R,043 2,409 2,968 3,641 4,856 6,465 8,607 9,961 25,750 ? 1,151 1,014 1,170 1,330 1,857 1,988 2,589 3,394 4,501 5,046 12,886 | 676 754 5 873 1,079 1,311 1,653 2,267 3,071 4,106 4,915 12,864 1,740 1,801 1,973 R,R33 R,895 3,702 4,977 6,873 9,145 10,933 27,780 1,050 1,024 1,080 1,174 1,539 1,964 2,655 5,604 4,667 5,489 13,350 690 777 893 1,058 1,356 1,758 2,322 3,269 4,478 5,444 | 14,430 : R,025 | 2,061 2,018 R,R74 2,822 3,765 4,982 6,994 8,864 10,763 26,237 { x 1,399 1,315 1,12) 1,249 1,526: 41,991 2,647 3,689 4,586 5,359 12,628 t 626 746 898 1,005 1,296 1,774 R,335 5,305 | 4,278 5,404 13,609 ? : 1,203 1,423 1,575 1,864 2,594 3,347 4,464" 196,48] 8,231 9,783 23,565 1 611 707 778 90% 1,162 1,653 2,315 3,275 4,153 4,964 11,422 i : 592 716 797 96% 1,232 1,694 R,149 3,146 4,078 4,819 12,143 1,304 1,500] . 1,690 1,851 2,365 3,330 4,464 5,985 7575 9,540 R1,746 686 742 817 909 2,161 1,637 2,296 3,022 3,858 4,818 10,470 618 758 873 942 1,204 1,693 2,168 R,963 5,867 4,722 11,76 2,327 1,417 1,648 1,966 | . 2,445 3,352 4,593 6,278 [—— 40,122 ———— 654 i 704 780 968 1,RR3 X,717 R,R73 3,152 | meee 1 O40 5 673 713 868 998 1,222 1,635 2,320 3,126 | ——— 20,697 1,386 1,553 1,667 1,957 2,549 3,287 4,550 6,071 ———-28,000 693 751 780 934 1,170 1,627 R,316 3,059 | ———m———18,455 693 «802. 887 1,023 x,179 1,660 R,R34 5,012 {r———=19,865 27. R56 305 355 518 700 1,156 1,581 2,034 2,059 4,362 151 135 146 178 268 390 653 918 151.79 1,126 2,166 120 1R1 139 177 250 310 503 663 855 933 R,196 R58 289 318 396 559 844 1,256 1,658 1,940 2,123 4,794 131 136 156 222 287 468 722 957 1,089 1,120 R,439 127 153 162 174 R72 376 5354 701 851 1,003 24555 R75 *81 307 405 564 807 1,205 x, 567 1,75) 1,952 4,183 146 150 17% po R11 R297 466 718 938 985 1,034 25178 129 131 136 194 R67 341 487 6R9 746 898 2,005 R70 200 3R0 362 472 798 1,145 1,461 1,697 1,772} +.3,896 143 162 155 200 R57 484 682 836 964 936 2,023 127 “1128 165 162 R15 314 463 685 733 836 1,87 } 4 uR8 868 877 988 1,078 1,293 1,444 1,946 2,512 2,987 11,988 600 567 566 610 635 eT 749 1,018 1,301 1,491 5,232 328 301 311 378 443 566 695 9R8 1,231 1,506 6,756 1,088 967 939 978 1,092 1,R74 1,510 2,003 2,595 3,152 11,932 785 649 586 | 587 642 681 821 1,076 1,3R3 1,464 5,178 303 318 553 381 450 593 689 97 1,272 1,688 6,754 ony 727 712 744 852 + 95% 31,125 1,403 1,973 2,370 3,223 12,015 4 412 390 | - 399 492 526 579 781 1,042 1,2Q7 1,516 5,384 3 315 328 345 360 427 546 672 931 1,183 1,707 6,631 1 . 803 788 834 900 894 1,180 1,547 1,931 2,392 3,087 11,176 7k 459 | 440 468 496 477 633 705 984 1,266 1,494 4,941 x y, 344 348 366 | 404 417 547 64% 947 1,126 1,593 6,235 6 879 814 851 842 953 1,167 1,470 1,973 R299 3,R66 11,569 12 483 425 472 459 521 577 744 1,020 1,185 1,518 1, “5,085 8 \ Pl. 389 379 383 | - 432 590 76 953 1,114 1,747 6,304 4 874 821 852 864 895 1,134 1,450 1,841 R,514 3,214 11,299 ¢ 10 479 451 430 458 532 577 772 972 1,194 1,560 4,940 8 B 395 370 422 t 406 463 557 6738 869 1,120 1,654 6,559 2 15,621 14,377 12,916 12,275 13,864 16,685 20,698 ’ 27,256 32,081 35,016 55,556 7,599 6,574 5,916 6,067 7,342 9,049 11,422 14,412 16,664 17,140 | 24,759 8,022 7,803 7,000 6,208 / 6,502 7,636 9,276 12,844 15,417 17,876 28,577 fi : i me EE B fe sie Rater ae ‘(Exclusive of stillbirths. INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS + TABLE 16,—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED, BY AGE AND SEX: Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged in the war (1930-1945) CRI rm CEN THE % k Bis Ct, Sete, aba i All Under 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 | 20-24 o. i ages 1 year years years years years | years Poland~~ Continued SS VOBT. sos dents saan .....Both sexes... 486,548 || 134,643 47,138 | 14,221 7,882 | 11,312 | 18,354 2 Hale eas sen vine 251,754 75,584 24,440 7,216 5,751 | 5,594 9,448 3 Female....... 234,794 59,059 22,698 7,005 4,081 | 5,718] 8,906 4 T03L ees eek .....Both sexes... 493,705 || 137,021 46,147 | 13,725 6,787 | 12,843 | 18,562 5 Malgices en il 256,920 77,263 24,115 6,964 3,244 | 6,257 | 9,607 6 Female..... a 236,783 59,758 22,032 8,761 5,545 | 6,608 | 8,955 7 ROBO. sisi s/ein ew vivre ein inte ..Both sexes... 488,417 145,676 51,374 14,931 6,531:} 12,933 | 17,953 8 Male...... a 253,068 81,530 26,708 7,530 3,028 | 6,171 8,991 9 : Fenale...... . 235,349 64,146 24,666 7,401 3,305 | 6,762 | 8,962 Portugal (inc. Azores and Madeira Is.): 10 Thee vs. uiswetinis oye cui Bobh. SEXES ue 119,275 24,603 15,419 2,758 1,699 | 2,650 | 3,218 11 Male....... oe 61,800 13,535 7,068 1,405 860 1,388 1,743 12 Female...... . 57,475 11,068 6,351 1,355 839 | 1,262] 1,475 13 1845 8 unas aus Both sexes.. 121,887 26,278 14,278 2,969 1,903 | 2,918 | 3,178 14 Male, « cvoninn 61,891 14,339 7,386 1,572 974 | 1,496 | 1,695 15 Femaleeeeeoss 59,996 11,939 6,892 1,397 929 1,422 | 1,483 16 1922...... Cvsnesees's ua BOGI SEXO ev 126,531 24,629 15,910 3,344 2,100 | 2,996 | 3,185 17 Male... iat 63,640 13,482 8,212 1,749 1,061 | 1,516] 1,706 18 Female...... " 62,891 11,147 7,698 1,595 1,039 1,480 |. 1,479 19 108 esiinnin sisi drnns Both sexes... 134,937 27,794 18,188 5,076 1,895 | 2,677] 3,096 20 ME1Gass anes 68,033 14,934 9,443 1,631 956 | 1,381 | 1,658 21 Female....... 66,904 12,860 8,745 1,445 939 | 1,296 | 1,438 22 1940. 5 eeu esrnessseen Both sexes... 120,486 23,690 14,604 2,659 1,729 | 2,493 | 2,820 R3 Male.snsonens 60,930 12,864 7,622 1,461 916: 1,268 |: 1,502 24 Female, ...... 59,556 10,826 6,982 1,198 813 | 1,225] 1,218 25 ROB a Both sexes...|' 116,075 23,852 13,064 2,518 1,586 | 2,317] 2,710 26 LY Males... cori 59,145 13,060 6,768 1,540 792 1,189 1,396 R79 Female.ceeese 56,930 10,752 6,296 1,178 794 1,128 1,314 ? Scotland: 28 A044 esse se de sera ny Both sexes... 64,603 6,237 1,19) 652 507 1,001. 1,560 R9 Mal@esenvases 33,323 3,621 666 371 283 531 901 30 Fenale....... 31,280 2,616 525 281 224 470 659 31 AOAB ise vis slvuie s'snine «+ »+«sBoth sexes... 66,733 16,174 1,360 718 546 1,164| 1,620 32 Male...... ese 34,326 3,540 727 391 294 609 963 33 Female...... . 32,407 2,634 633 327 252 555 657 34 AOR eis a 'vinin.v use sials a aly sine Both sexes... 64,963 6,283 1,429 639 536 1,188 1,689 35 Male. ds deiaess 33,813 5,616 768 352 R84 636 967 36 Female..oeo.. 31,150 2,667 661 R87 R52 552 662 57 WOH soe c sv nsiivs vn .Both sexes... 72,558 7,426 2,186 929 695 | 1,399] 1,677 38 Malessesosnees 37,690 4,306 1,109 516 366 736 954 39 Femalee.esase 34,868 3,120 1,077 413 329 663 723 40 O40. csv tiainivin sien sis nn Both sexes... 72,715 6,766 2,182 897 582 1,201| 1,328 41 Male..ccccvee 37,649 5,996 1,156 479 314 632 744 42 Femaleeeeeses 35,126 2,770 1,026 418 R68 .569 584 Spain® (inc. Balearic and Canary Is.): 43 RE .Both sexes... 484,367 72,555 28,775 8,978 6,542 | 10,198 | 14,411 44 : ME1Gh ves vas 269,463 39,519 | 14,910 4,881 3,462 | 5,648 | 9,031 45 Female. ..... . 214,904 33,036 15,865 4,097 3,080 | 4,550 | 5,380 46 1940.50 vu un veiw eu seve BOLD SOXOT es 424,888 68,268 30,817 | 10,541 6,552 | 10,096 | 14,679 47 Maloe.ssaon Al 233,515 37,260 15,683 5,422 3,562 | 5,712 | 9,764 48 Femal€...... . 191,375 31,008 15,134 5,119 3,190 4,384 4,915 49 TOBG es ciuivnn si vn snisnsvsBOtH BOXES. oo 470,114 56,749 38,028 | 11,875 7,735 | 12,896 | 17,192 50 Mele... ns oe 262,772 30,621 19,519 6,370 4,201 | 7,872 | 11,734 51 Female....... 207,342 26,128 18,509 5,505 3,584 | 5,024 | 5,458 52 1088.00 Eas nik .....Both sexes... 484,940 60,584 38,124 | 11,254 7,279 | 13,984 | 19,702 53 Male cass rass 269,406 335,069 19,636 5,913 3,809 | 8,965 | 13,847 54 Fenale....... 215,534 27,515 18,488 5,341 3,470 | 5,019 | 5,855 55 ABT aise i ie .....Both sexes... 472,134 75,546 44,784 | 10,779 7,016 | 11,777 | 20,744 56 Maleeseesors oe 266,139 40,115 23,160 5,729 3,700 7,243 | 15,220 57 Female. ...... 205,995 3%,431 21,624 5,050 3,516 | 4,534] 5,524 58 1938s iain nvm Said ..Both sexes... 413,579 66,844 35,655 8,441 5,652 | 9,345 | 14,798 59 4 Halelianss roy J 232,491 36,547 18,186 4,387 3,005 | 5,630 | 9,953 80 Fenale....... 181,088 30,297 17,467 4,054 2,647 | 3,715| 4,845 81 A938 nv See vaio nn Both sexes... 384,567 69,194 58,966 9,033 5,728 | 7,696 | 10,312 62 Melodi. ives 197,710 38,096 20,352 4,683 2,943 | 3,991] 5,213 63 Female..... a 186,857 31,098 18,614 4,550 2,785 | 3,705 5,099 See footnotes on pe 160. Rd he : ET GENERAL MORTALITY 55 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, SELECTED YEARS—Continued SE : : ANE : include "war losses," i. e., all deaths among armed forces and deaths of civilians from operations of war) 7s Not 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 years iy years years years years years years years years years years and 8 hi over 16,243 114,317 12,932 1,52 13,560 | 16,774 | R0,766 | 27,600 | 32,814 | 33,376 | 51,855 289 7,583 6,391 5,822 6,117 7,209 9,209 11,430 14,476 17,023 16,354 23,961 146 8,660 7,926 7,110 6,405 6,351 | 7,565| 9,336 | 13,124 | 15,791 | 17,022 | 27,894 143 16,595 15,019 12,692 12,879 14,064 17,688 21,365 29,205 33,259 33,555 51,680 637 - 7,741 6,775 5,664 6,408 7,678 9,668 11,819 15,506 17,342 16,410 24,126 353 8,854 8,244 7,028 6,471 6,386 | 8,020] 9,546 | 13,699 | 15,897 | 17,145| 27,554 284 15,941 13,940 12,070 12,2687 13,145 16,767 20,148 R7,283 50,554 30,058 46,5354 492 7,411 6,001 5,362 5,999 7,043 | 9,156 | 11,120 | 14,447 | 15,774 | 14,638 | 21,801 268 8,530 7,849 6,708 6,288 6,102 7,611 9,028 12,856 14,780 15,420 24,733 R”24 2,760 2,984 5,054 3,330 5,411 | 3,995| 4,919 | 6,257 | 7,804 | 9,029] 23,095 290 1,448 1,643 1,753 1,915 2,093 2,4R3 R,870 3,456 4,173 4,529 9,309 189 1,312 1,341 1,301 1,415 1,318 1,57 2,049 2,801 3,631 4,500 13,786 101 2,973 2,967 5,250 3,16¢ 5,865 4,035 4,609 6,122 7,78 8,986 22,993 R13 1,618 1,601 1,769 1,855 1,929 | =2,261| =2,601| 3,288 | 4,010 4,275] 9,079 145 1,355 1,366 1,481 1,316 1,336 1,774 2,008 2,854 3,771 4,711 13,914 68 3,02¢ 5,078 3,214 5,193 5,374 | 4,152 | ‘4,890 | 6,821 | 8,205 9,618| 24,586 207 1,556 1,652 1,757 1,808 1,957 2,274 2,720 3,641 4,245 |, 4,586 9,595 1R3 1,473 1,426 1,457 1,385 1,417 1,878 2,X70 3,180 3,960 5,032 14,991 84 3,080 3,160 Ban tl 5,R94 5,560 4,279 [#85 029 7,060 8,457 10,138 26,625 252 1,648 1,729 1,780 1,849 2,068 | 2,419 | 2,778 | 3,855 | 4,416 | 4,903 | 10,440 145 1,432 1,431 1,497 1,445 1,492 | 1,860| 2,251 | 3,205 | 4,041 5,235] 16,185 107 3,056 5,048 2,994 3,040 5,401 3,949 4,789 6,504 7,453 9,438 ?4,596 RR3 1,579 1,679 1,654 1,722 2,005 | 2,281] 2,706 | 3,468 | 3,834 | 4,609 9,630 132 1,477 1,369 1,340 1,318 1,398 1,668 2,083 3,036 3,619 4,829 14,966 91 2,960 2,899 3,072 3,146 3,324 3,955 4,713 6,414 7,359, 8,906 3,073 207 1,543 1,606 1,686 2,829 1,930 2,285 R,642 3,475 3,812 4,385 9,279 1R8 1,417 1,295 1,386 1,317 1,394 1,670 2,071 2,939 3,547 4,51 13,794 79 1,118 1,241 1,412 1,793 2,325 | 2,967 | 4,109| 5,339 | 7,015| 8,213| 17,897 26 593 638 749 897. 1,286 1,666 R,376 2,882 3,801 4,264 7,872 26 525 603 663 796 1,059 1,300 1,738 | 2,457 | 5,214 3,949] 10,2254 1,365 1,420 1,564 1,965 2,347| 3,187| 4,205| 5,469] 7,258] 8,241] 18,110 20 735 768 828 1,107 1,507] _ 1,775| 2,285 2,928) 3,906| 4,265] 7,872 20 630 652 736 858 1,030 1,414 1,90 2,541 3,35R 3,978 10,238 1,470 1,401 1,559 1,860 2,345 3,108| 4,091| 5,390 | 7,293| 7,867| 16,847 28 798 750 853 1,023 1,343 | 1,807| 2,288 =2,919| 3,940 4,124] 7,318 27 67% 651 706 837 1,002 1,301 1,803 2,471 3,353 3,743 9,529 1,681 1,618 1,8%2)4 2.088 2,680 | 3,454! 4,473| 6,017| 7,750 8,597 17,899 83 "952 892 1,026 1,208 1,497] 1,977(¢ 2,571.( 0 3,207 '4,212( . 4,341} 7,648 82 729 726 786 974 1185 [14m 1,508] 0 2 720) 8,588] 4,286] (10,250 1,461 1,444 1,775 2,099 2,527| 3,516| 4,814| 6,289| 8,093| 9,089] 18,663 51 788 750 | -1,000 1,160 1,435| 1,986] 2,653] 3,457] 4,384 4,667 7,997 51 673 694 773 939 1,092| 1,530] 2,161] 2,832] 3,709| 4,422] 10,666 14,679 14,954 14,918 16,158 18,676 22,473 26,136 35,079 38,666 | ——137,968 ——| 3,201 9,354 9,564 9,436 10,470 12,353 | 14,980 | 16,987 | 21,389 | R1,950 63,359 —| 2,170 5,325 5,390 5,482 5,688 6,33 7,493 9,149 | 13,690 | 16,716 74,609 —| 1,031 15,609 14,580. 13,973 13,783 15,0859 |. /37,071 000.9, 784 57,100 ———113,520 —1|..'4,856 10,355 9,659 8,990 8,766 9,790 10,738 12,101 31,806 — 51,483 ——| 2,64 5,254 4,941 4,983 5,017 5,869 6,333 7,683 25,294 — 61,837 —| ‘1,014 16,919 16,312 16,654 16,116 17,605 19,718 RR,816 64,341 — | —— 126,171 ——| 8,927 11,593 10,917 11,091 10,582 11,689 1R,593 14,168 85,759 — 56,695 —-1' 7,388 5,326 5,395 - 5,563 5,534 5,916 7,185 8,648 28,602 — 69,476 —1- 1,539 17,524 14,72 13,927 14,141 15,890 18,290 21,683 63,957 —— | —— 134,806 ——| 19,523 | 11,705 8,852 8,421 8,440 9,677 11,074 12,859 34,693 —— 61,129 ——| 17,317 5,819 5,420 5,506 5,701 6,213 72216 8,824 < 29,264 — 73,677——| 2,206 18,382 14,215 15,581 +14,078 15,357 17,071 19,820 55.644 —— | —118,855 —1'16,48% 12,9121, 9,142 8,573 8,875 9,728 10,425 12,057 350,487 —— 54,004 —| 14,791 5,470 5,071 5,008 5,205 5,629 | 6,646 | 7,785 25,157 — 64,851 ——| 1,696 14,627 13,174 13,101 13,324 14,350 15,823 18,552 5%, 345 — | ——— 105,601 ——1 12,949 9,763 8,680 8,640 8,755 9,491 9,945 11,348 R8,472 — 48,246 —| 11,463 4,864 4,494 4,461 4,589 4,859 5,878 7,204 22,875 —— 57,355 —| ' 1,486 10,198 9,784 9,917 10,860 12,270 14,415 18,316 51,445 — 105,650 — 783 5,031 4,823 5,177 5,974 7,176 8,314 10,507 ~27,540 — 47,410 — 480 5,167 4,961 4,740 4,886 5,094 6,101 7,809 ; 23,905 —— 58,240 — 303 746604 O - 47 - 11 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS 4 ¥ (Exclusive of stillbirths. TABLE 16.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED, BY AGE AND SEX: Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged in the war (1939-1945) A11 Under 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 0-24 Country, year, and sex ages 1 year years years years years | years Spain® —Continued 1 1934 ¢aicieinie sss sinintnie sinie oie Both sexes... 388,825 72,125 41,075 8,960 5,795 7,861| 10,644 » 2 Male..veensss 199,848 39,519 21,223 4,640 2,985 4,046( 5,469 3 Female....... 188,977 32,606 19,852 4,320 2,808 3,8151 5,195 4 19375 us ses yg tuic nei .....Both sexes... 394,750 75,022 41,975 9,096 5,640 8,303| 10,735 5 ] Male... eles 201,985 40,919 21,545 4,835 2,851 4,232] 5,408 6 Female..... od 192,765 34,103 20,430 4,261 2,789 [ 4,071] 5,327 7 BOB aici sinies sia nninnns vine .Both sexes... 388,900 74,860 43,610 8,965 5,428 8,471] 10,885 8 | Mile... oni . 199,717 41,303 22,366 4,674 2,696 | 4,265P7%0,332 9 Female. ...... 189,183 33,557 21,244 4,291 2,732 4,206110,783 10 193]. ceases seine nnisins =o sBObh 'SOXES. le 408,977 75,667 45,973 9,802 5,700 9,375] 11,811 11 Male. ..5% 00s 5 209,805 41,654 23,713 5,120 2,877 | 4,760| 5,937 12 » Female....... 199,172 34,013 22,260 4,682 2,823 | 4,613| 5,874 13 L050. hte sv denarii Both sexes... 394,488 77,390 50, 743 9,921 5,430 | 9,002] 11,222 fol Males. ales s 203,774 42,492 26,211 5,148 2,704 | 4,661] 5,623 15 Female....... 190,714 34,898 24,532 4,773 2,726 | 4,431] 5,599 16 J929. i vs tA ee Both sexes... 407,486 | 80,406 51,413 | 10,221 5,602 | 9,667| 11,295 17 od daleetisy es . 210,097 44,276 26,667 5,179 2,765 | 4,723] 5,699 18 Female....... 197,589 36,130 24,726 5,042 2,857 | 4,944] 5,596 Sweden: 19 JOE a as see Both sexes... 66,105 3,629 837 452 406 8o8| 1,360 R0 Male...s nolo 33,251 25127 466 R69 R36 451 832 #21 Female...o... 32,854 1,502 371 183 170 357 528 22 EDA cuisine ve vias Both sexes... 63,741 3,337 704 382 330 757) 1,290 R3 Male, «oesens . 32,45 1,928 406 226 195 403 794 R4 Female....... 31,496 1,409 298 156 135 354, 496 25 A941... cneinv cis vnvisiees ..Both sexes... 71,910 3,685 913 371 396 883 1,441 ¥:R6 3 Male......xs . 35,708 2,096 494 R17 R31 523 870 27 Female...... % 36,202 1,589 419 154 165 360 57% 28 AMO oiuie sasic ov ven sinnninisie Both sexes... 72,748 3,758 773 443 377 9311 1,310 29 3 Male. can ssiess 36,211 2,174 446 240 189 529 800 30 Female....... 36,557 1,584 37 R03 188 402 510 31 DOB9% Jo lee tie nine win n wie ws Both sexes... 72,876 3,845 891 455 402 987|-:1,327%7 32 Male...+svess 36,024 R,R53 518 271 R20 543 743 33 Female....... 36,852 1,592 373 184 182 444 584 34 1988 ee eles ieisie sinia’s vininnes Both sexes... 72,693 3,992 996 525 558 2,175): «1,596 35 Male..seieeesy . 36,548 2,322 564 304 304 649 957 36 Femal€eesvaeen 36,145 1,670 432 R21 254 526 639 37 957 ac esicivssiteesisvinssne Both sexes... 75,392 4,082 1,147 681 667 31,2240 1,727 38 Malesessvesse 36,963 2,374 664 373 359 692 967 39 Female...eees 38,429 1,708 483 308 308 532 760 40 1988 vn sani +sees..Both sexes... 74,836 3,857 1,153 679 750] 1,397{ 1,781 41 Males cis vedas 36,692 R,R32 667 373 394 746 979 42 Fomale. vse. 38,144 1,625 486 306 336 651 802 43 1935, sev eis eieesenvensisee Both SEeXeS.s. 7,813 5,942 1,071 654 76 1,2871 1,770 44 Male. sissies . 35,594 2,315 595 356 397 675 077 45 Female....... 37,219 1,827 476 R98 329 612 793 © 46 1954s din» fenisasiky .Both sexes... 69,921 4,014 1,145 668 727 | 1,273] 1,844 47 ; Male..«ssss oe 34,240 2,317 658 388 384 640 933 48 Feriale..veuas 35,681 1,697 487 280 343 633 911 : Switzerland: 49 OAS ein vio ss'e siivinie on + inivie Both sexes.. 47,409 3,303 776 369 319 539 849 50 Male... vo.ive . 24,282 1,908 428 R12 188 304 514 51 Female....... 23,127 1,395 344 157 131 235 335 52 OAD isis nieis suivisieie Both sexes... 46,928 3,020 745 386 332 607 793 53 Male.....os .e 24,105 1,735 388 R13 193 354 475 54 Female...... > 22,823 1,Ru5 357 173 139 253 318 55 30470... Geneve nes .Both sexes... 47,336 2,959 721 402 372 616 839 56 Male........ . 24,140 1,662 398 208 204 371 494 57 Female...... - 23,196 1,297 3R3 194 168 R45) 345 58 LOAD, os oie ieinnia es vare visions Both sexes... 50,759 2,960 » 1,046 473 377 6R7 810 59 Male.....5.. . 5,721. 1,702 579 R73 211 394 493 60 Female...... . 25,038 1,258 467 200 166 233 317 61 1939... eiswieie sardines BObN SEAR Sy 49,484 2J722 801 409 366 617 843 62 Males eve sine . R5,154 1,579 448 24 208 352 469 63 Female....o.s 24,330 1,143 363 185 158 265 374 EE TT EE ELD FO Coad 4 Te nel: 4 GENERAL MORTALITY ’ 33 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, SELECTED YEARS —Continued include "war losses," i. e., all deaths among armed forces and deaths of civilians from operations of war) ’ & 75 5) R5-29 30--34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 years Not |Line = . years years years years years years years yeers years years and stat— | No. over ed ie) 10,287 9,603 9,621 10,658 11,753 | 14,R12 | 17,506 51,477 ——|——106,060——| 1,190 1 x 5,089 4,857 5,028 5,968 6,866 8,302 | 10,008 R7,564—— 47,535 —— 749 2 Y 5,198 4,746 4,593 4,690 4,887 5,910 7,498 23,913 —— 58,525 —— 441 3 i 10,541 9,937 9,934 11,000 12,073 | 14,819 | 17,816 5%, 441 | mrs 105 , 486 ~~ g52 4 2 5,201 4,929 5,174 6,017 7,039 8,478 | 10,119 27,78 ——— 46,955 »— 551 5 i 5,340 5,008 4,760 4,983 5,034 6,341 7,697 23,709 —— 58,511 —— 401 6 10,230 9,345 9,412 10,225 11,301 14,265 |= 17,322 50,748 —— 102,229 ——| 1,604 7 a —_— 9,381 12,235 18,030 27,162 —— 46,379 —— 894 8 i -— 9,376 9,291 13,557 R3,586 —— 55,850 —— 710 9 ¥ rk 10,936 10,137 10,111 11,263 12,063 | 15,302 | 18,089 | R4,551 | R8,064 |——108,605——| 1,530] 10 5,343 4,958 5,187 6,285 7,025 8,920 | 10,340 ( 13,304 | 14,864 48,636 —— 852.1521 | 5,593 5,179 4,924 4,978 5,038 6,382 7,749 | 11,247 | 15,200 59,969 648 | 12 10,944 9,529 9,499 10,618 11,405| 14,198 | 17,068 | 23,485 | 6,520 [ 30,755 | 65,874 7951 13 A 5,385 4,718 4,928 5,865 6,614 8,221 9,827 | 12,733 | 14,414 | 15,200 | 28,561 469 | 14 5,559 4,811 4,571 4,753 4,791 5,977 7,241 | 10,752 { 12,108 | 15,555. | 37,313 36 | 15 11,007 10,033 9,754 11,162 11,959] 14,977 17,466 | 24,574 | R7,901 | 31,585 | 67,640 8241 16 5,446 4,928 5,007 6,179 6,997 8,581 | 10,090 | 13,484 | 14,963 | 15,359 | 29,252 472 | 17 5,561 5,105 4,747 4,983 4,962 6,386 7,376 | 11,090 | 12,938 | 16,226 | 38,388 3521 18 - = 1,241 1,397 1,517 1,786 R,152 2,771 3,755 5,053 6,440 7,501 1 25,000 | -| 19 701 774 823 924 1,150 1,475 1,987 2,671 3,331 35645 | 11,389 -| 0 540 623 694 862 1,002 1,296 1,768 2,382 3,109 3,856 | 13,611 lB 1,227 1,313 1,401 1,748 2,182 2,812 3,633 4,812 6,225 7,373 | 24,245 -| 2 695 680 761 949 1,150 1,469 1,990 2,515 3,%96 3,642 | 11,146 -| R3 3 532 653 640 799 1,002 1 343 1,643 2,297 2,929 3,731 | 13,099 —-| R4 Le 1,343 1,394 1,463 1,741 ‘2,321 3,040 3,964 5,218 6,776 8,296 | 28,665 -| R5 Hi 723 737 840 9R3 1,245 1,608 2,121 2,746 3,408 3,978 | 1R,948 -| R6 ‘¥ 620 657 623 818 1,076 1,432 1,843 2,472 3,368 4,518 | 15,717 —-] 27 ris & 1,371 1,402 1,539 1,811 2,349 3,128 3,987 5,567 6,782 8,632 | 28,588 -| 28 x 789 733 819 983 1,288 1,674 2,150 2,964 3,466 4,164 | 12,833 -| 29 2 582 669 720 +. 1828 1,001 1,454 1,857 2,603 3,316 |, 4,468 | 15,755 -| 30 rh 1,450 1,487 1,556 1,980 2,319 3,179 3,895 5,345 6,619 8,648 | 28,491 -} 31 - 772 798 800 1,078 1,207 1,667 2,061 2,858 3,340 4,094 | 12,801 -1 3R ; 8 678" 689 756 902 1,112 1,512 1,834 2,487 3,279 4,554 | 15,690 -| 33 1,615 1,590 1,744 2,026 R,397 3,198 3,913 5,312 6,507 8,815 | 26,734 -| 34 860 845 912 1,085 1,249 1,741 2,124 2,852 3,332 4,319 | 12,129 =| 35 755 745 832 941 1,148 1,457 1,789 2,460 5,175 4,496 | 14,605 =| 36 d 1,722 1,641 1,791 2,052 2,531 3,R39 4,213 5,32 6,433 9,341 | 27,579 A et Be po 891 832 906 1,081 1,253 1,691 2,170 2,799 3,159 4,402 | 12,350 —-| 38 t atd 831 809 8851, 971 1,278 1,548 2,043 24.525 3,274 4,939 | 15,229 -| 39 1,674 1,745 1,777 1,091 2,495 3,222 4,075 5,106 6,464 9,214 | 27,476 -| 40 900 847 906 1,006 1,253 1,686 2,138 2,699 5,174 4,374 | 12,518 ~-| 41 774 898° 871 985 1,242 1,536 1,957 2,407 3,290 4,840 | 15,158 -| 4R i 1,763 1,617 1,788 1,932 2,474 2,916 3,880 4,834 6,368 8,861 | 26,930 -| 43 dhe 924 830 941 967 1,271 1,521 2,076 2,472 1 ..3,161 4,137 1 11,979 -| 44 : 839 787 847 965 1,203 1,395 1,804 2,362 3,207 4,724 | 14,951 -| 45° 1,838 1,598 1,726 1,928 2,411 2,910 3,785 4,647 6,262 8,561 | 24,584 —~| 46 hf 900 815 893 982 1,252 1,501 2,016 2,395 3,088 4,072 | 11,006 -| 47 938 783 833 946 1,159 1,409 1,769 2,252 3,174 4,489 | 13,578 —-| 48 . 858 986 1,009 1,398 1,718 2,262 3,043 4,305 5,760 6,368 | 13,547 ~| 49 ¥ 483 545 557 780 970+ 1,262 1,719 R391 R977 3,126 5,918 -| 50 375 441 452 618 748 1,000 1,324 1,914 R,783 3,242 7,629 we LO BX 903 987 1,111 1,337 1,686 R,R16 3,214 4,361 5,662 6,171°| 13,397 ee 490 525 600 756 + 961 1,260 1,801 2,426 2,984 3,035 5,909 -| 53 413 462 511 581 725 956 1,413 1,935 2,678 5,136 7,488 ~| 54 901 919 1,157 1,371 1,772 2,360 3,74 4,692 5,748 6,351 | 12,902 =| 55 493 512 606 | 767 | 1,030 1,294 1,888 2,616 3,020 3,090 5,487 ~| 56 408 407 551 604 742 1,066 1,386 2,076 R,7R8 3,241 7,415 -| 57 So 1,016 1,071 1,183 1,457 1,778 2,572 3,450 4,885 6,044 6,826 | 14,184 -| 58 569 571 6:4 794 978 1,428 1,948 2,673 3,150 3,259 6,075 -| 59 ) 447 500 559 663 800 1,144 1, 502 2,212 2,894 3,567 8,109 ~-| 60 oy 1,055 1,113 1,286 1,455 1,825 2,520 3,535 5,020 5,758 6,605 |713,558 <1 gy SE 533 590 692 800 994 1,432 2,009 2,755 5,011 | 3,260 5,768 | oR hs 470 523 594 655 831 1,088 1,526 2,285 R,747 3,343 7,790 -| 63 <3 a a INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS - 1 TABLE 16.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED, BY AGE AND SEX: (Exclusive of stillbirths. Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged in the war (1938-1945 Gouniey, vader, andiser All Under 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 | 20-24 2 2 ages 1 year years years years years | years Union of South Africa (Europeans): 1 194R, ves daa due + «...Both sexes... 20,856 2,670 1,001 341 250 291 376 2 . Males ins eres 11,898 1,543 514 178 150 179 222 3 : Fernal€...... . 8,958 1,187 487 163 100 112 154 4 IOAIY, Lr a Both sexes... 20,733 2,780 972 327 244 325 399 5 » Malle... 0h. ues 11,875 1,599 509 181 142 179 218 6 Femnle.se sass 8,858 1,181 463 146 102 146 181 7 1940... Lin. J ..Both sexes... 20,277 2,725 962 326 236 314 470 8 Nels. vivases 11,589 1,572 520 © 165 145 184 275 9 Female...oe.s 8,688 1,153 442 161 91 130 195 10 D089: ss ehosnsid sovwannn Both sexes... 19,901 2,648 931 355 245 336 526 11 Male. voueaine 11,377 1,486 504 199 147 220 306 Vo ei RR Fomale....... 8,524 1,162 427 156 98 116 220 13 1038.0. oi vin sn wah Both sexes... 19,733 2,691 977 341 268 396 473 Sie Male. sais'sss . 11,468 1,520 516 189 155 241 287 15 Forialeseussss 8,265 1,17 461 152 113 155 186 16 098 ainsi L niin n sin inien ..Both sexes... 20,606 2,878 1,126 361 303 380 626 17 ’ Male. .ndtesnins 11,624 1,603 601 196 149 200 385 18 FemBle veers 8,982 1,R75 525 165 154 180 241 19 LCR RNR Ea Both sexes... 19,224 2,872 1,064 400 292 383 583 20 Male.acsinnian 11,003 1,607 527 199 160 227 349 R13 Feridle..ss ess 8,221 1,265 537 201 132 156 234 22 F085 ashen shania ...Both sexes... 20,630 2,997 1,274 387 314 428 608 23 Male, uovessivs 11,773 1,745 701 199 185 256 352 24 Female..oeses 8,857 1,252 573 188 129 172 256 United States: { 125 A94aBh a si .Both sexes...| 1,411,338) 111,127] *' 23,317 10,486 9,825 | 17,666 | 25,210 26 Mele. vsivensn 789,861 63,264 12,725 6,227 6,046 | 10,755 | 14,904 27 Pomale..sssss 621,477 47,863 10,592 4,259 3,779 6,911 | 10,306 28 AO8BE ail iran .Both sexes...| 1,459,544 118,484 23,903 10,766 10,202 | 19,180 27,636 29 Mel@ieinnsnas 817,485 67,943 13,112 6,210 6,141 | 11,494 | 16,793 30 Female...... . 642,059 50,541 10,791 4,556 4,061 7,686 | 10,843 31 dodo LL veeses.s Both sexes...| 1,385,187|| 113,492 21,854 | 10,011 9,794 | 18,645| 26,508 32 Hale. csniaven 780,454 64,829 11,880 5,890 5,989 | 10,934 | 15,400 33 FemBle.ssesss 604, 733 48,663 9,974 4,121 3,805 7,708 11,108 34 19412... sansa ire ..Both sexes...| 1,397,642 113,949 24,302 | 10,921 | 10,948 | 20,667 | 27,443 35 Mele. ois sn sn 785,033 64,987 13,173 6,254 6,470 | 11,878 15,631 36° 2 Female..... os 612,609 48,962 11,19 4,667 4,478 8,789 | 11,812 : 37 19207. Viens et airas oe Both sexes...| 1,417,269 | 110,984 24,678 11,570 11,683 | 21,168] 27,831 v 38 Male .ovvinsee 791,003 63,557 13,482 6,638 6,758 | 11,735] 15,443 39 Female..ceess 626,266 47,427 11,196 4,932 ‘4,925 | 9,433 | 12,388 40 7939.0 sve vs «e....Both sexes...| 1,387,897 108,846 26,887 12,338 12,614 | 22,140| 28,484 41 Male.oiviecssinee 768,877 61,985 14,659 7,046 7,471 | 12,315| 15,526 “Jag Female..esoes 619,020 46,861 12,228 5,292 5,143 9,825 12,958 . | Venezuela (ex. tribal Indians): 43 3044.50, cia ss ...Both sexes... 70, 524 17,192 12,755 3,026 | —— 3,501 —— [275,650 44 Male veers 35,590 9,133 6,299 1,550 [— 1,758 ——|*72, 689 45 Female....... 34,934 8,059 6,456 1,476 1,743 — [272,991 46 LO48 ie dis vr innvie +e...Both sexes... 64,131 15,843 10,290 2,752 3,429 —|175,446 47 Male sesensns 32,296 8,529 5,085 . 1,399 |—— 1,726 —— |172,648 48 Female....... 31,835 7,314 5,205 1,353 [——1,703 ——|172,798 49 ROAR LL i a .Both sexes... 63,528 16,040 10,321 2,796 | ——3,559 —— [275,606 50 Miledeevesves 31,886 8,619 5,13 1,441 |— 1,743 —— [272,628 0 51 Fomaleee..oss 31,642 7,421 5,198 1,355 |———1,816 —— | 172,978 52 BOL sr, de hans .Both sexes... 62,383 16,288 9,600 2,705 |——— 3,588 —— 175,762 53 Male. danse 31,383 8,795 4,869 1,402 |— 1,689 —— [172,727 54 Ferale....... 31,000 7,493 4,731 1,303 |——— 1,899 ——|173,035 55 B40 iain svi win we «++..Both sexes... 61,557 16,234 9,099 2,419 | 3,556 —|275,928 56 Male...... ale 31,192 8,823 4,566 1,235 |——— 1,664 —— (172,835 57 Fomale..osnss 30,365 7,411 4,533 1,184 1,672 ——|*73,093 See footnotes on pe. 160s 3% SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, SELECTED YEARS—Continued include "war losses," 1. e., all deaths among armed forces and deaths of civilians from operations of war) ‘GENERAL MORTALITY 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-43 50-54 | 55-59 | 60-64 | 65-69 | 70-74 years years years . years years years years years years 451 520 613 627 895 1,144 1,445| 1,878 2,025 | 2,150 | 4,175 7A HE 233 271 314 350 525 686 878 | 1,183 1,235 | 1,257 2,177 3 2 218 249 299 277 370 458 567 695 790 893 | 1,998 3 435 500 511 657 922 1,219 | 1,393| 1,822 2,016 | 2,107 | 4,104 =trcie 225 248 268 367 544 735 842 1,133 | 1,240 | 1,235] 2,210 & 5 210 252 243 290 378 484 551 689 776 872 | 1,894 ~ 11718 506 551 585 597 923 1,124} 21,3511" (1,70 2,012 2,016 | 3,885 wp 270 510 326 337 547 695 832 1,082 1: -"3 2290" 1,157] 1,945 —~if 8 236 241 259 260 376 429 499 632 785 859 1,940 -{ 9 547 539 532 675 | 876 | 1,160 1,391] 1,682 1,926 | 1,807 | 3,725 -1' 10 30 260 277 344 524 678 846 | 1,069 | 1,168 1,056 | ' 1,971 -] 11 245 259 255 331 352 482 545 613 758 751 | 1,754 - i138 589 594 529 674 934 1,097 1,390| 1,681 | 1,849 | 1,709 | 3,540 lil as 328 309 295 395 572 678 910| 1,083 1,116 952 | 1,921 1| 14 261 285 234 279 36% 419 480 598 733 759 1,619 ~-| 15 547 574 594 754 988 | 1,148 1,462 1,651 | 1,823 1,765 | 3,626 ~-| 16 307 300 301 442 571 670 913 1,054 | 1,063 980 | 1,909 17 240 274 293 312 417 478 549 617 760 785 1,717 =i*a8 574 545 543 737 g95| ' 1,057 1 1,319| 1,550( 1,715] °1,597| 3,098 -{19 312 288 201 415 538 646 837 969 | 1,065 905 | 1,668 -| 20 262 257 252 322 357 411 282 581 650 692 1,430 -| 21 614 561 615 738 1,004 | 1,233 1,426 | 1,555| 1,750 | 1,667 | 3,459 -| ?2 310 295 331 391 594 764 905 964 | 1,010 990 | 1,781 - 123 304 266 284 347 410 469 521 591 740 677 1,678 ~| 24 24,552 | 29,599 37,866 50,238 | 66,589 | 91,952 [112,194 | 130,855 | 151,027 | 162,422 | 355,004 | 1,409 | 25 13,327 15,715 20, 769 28,946 | 40,118 | 56,468 | 69,531 | 78,918 | 87,033 | 89,225 | 174,939 951 | 26 11,225 13,884 17,097 21,292 26,471 | 35,484 | 42,663 | 51,937 | 63,994 | 73,197 | 180,065 458 | 27 27,199 31,402 39,660 51,706 69,884 | 95,003 | 114,040 | 132,622 | 154,435 [165,937 | 365,876 1,609 | 28 15,146] 17,031 22,012 | 29,851 | 41,816| 58,224 | 70,201 | 79,530 | 88,569 | 91,237 | 181,046) 1,19 | 29 12,053 14,371 | 17,648 | 21,855 28,068 | 36,779 | 43,839 | 53,092 | 65,866 | 74,700 | 184,830 480 | 30 27,819] 32,161 | 39,938 51,448 | 69,524 | 91,772 | 108,538 | 126,667 | 147,961 |154,745 | 332,580| 1,730 | 31 15,552 18,028 22,702 29,863 42,150 | 56,593 | 67,346 | 75,927 | 85,527 | 85,244 |165,407| 1,193 | 32 12,267] 14,133 | 17,236 21,585 | 27,374 | 35,179 41,192 | 50,740 | 62,434 | 69,501 | 167,173 537 | 3% 29,631 33,506 | 40,452 52,863 70,785 | 91,601 [107,979 | 125,686 | 147,555 | 154,644 | 333,482 | 1,228 | 34 16,458 18,503 22,921 | 30,522 42,475 | 56,010 | 56,452 | 75,209 | 84,925 | 85,749 | 166,641 775 | 35 13,175 15,003 17,531 | 22,341 | 28,310| 35,591 | 41,527 | 50,477 | 62,630 | 68,895 | 166,841 453 | 36 30,695 34,579 41,670 53,689 71,596 | 92,817 | 108,476 | 126,885 | 149,039 | 156,986 | 341,221 | 1,702 | 37 16,729 18,876 23,099 30,800 | 42,691 | 56,741 | 66,412 | 75,522 | 85,210 | 86,429 | 169,820] 1,061 | 38 13,966 15,705 18,571 22,889 28,905 | 36,076 | 42,064 | 51,363 | 63,829 | 70,557 | 171,401 641 | 39 31,794 | 35,286 | 43,222 53,990 71,762 | 91,553 | 105,870 | 123,088 | 144,707 | 148,098 | 326,226 992 | 40 16,836 | 19,116 23,774 | 31,158 42,530 | 55,213 | 63,637 | 71,822 | 82,292 | 80,933 | 161,925 639 | 41 14,958 | 16,170 | 19,448 22,832 29,232 | 36,340 | 42,233 | 51,266 | 62,415 | 67,165 | 164,301 353 | 42 led 5,901 5,623 4,838 4,868 7,140 -| 43 Sa 2,952 3,070 2,685 2,468 2,986 —~| 44 oy 2,949 2,553 2,153 2,400 4,154 ~| 45 rr 5,421 5,258 4,73 4,466 6,513 ~\ i46 or 2,637 2,860 2 595 2,204 2,613 ~-| a7 — 2,784 2,398 2,118 2,262 3,900 -| 48 == 5,518 5,296 4,159 4,256 5,977 ~ it ag ——— 2 71 2,878 2,248 2,120 2,375 -| 50 ST 2,807 2,418 1,911 2,156 3,602 -] 51 — 5,309 5,156 4,190 4,081 5,704 -] 52 co 2,602 2,797 2,243 1,986 2,873 -| 53 ar 2,707 2,359 1,947 2,095 5,431 -| 54 ze 5,421 5,143 4,224 4,098 5,655 —— ~| 55 2,750 2,827 2,257 2,040 2,215 -| s6 a 2,691 2,316 1,967 2,058 5,440 — -| 57 5 7 ar ; : : ; ’ ! ! oa Fi ae : pif? INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS Ee aR ER ey 2 ot a Foy dese ls pe 8 ASE) ‘ Footnotes for table 16 ; et i _ %#Provisional. 1Data exclude deaths among armed forces. ! 2fxcludes data for the 41 communes of Eupen, Malmédy, and Moresnet, not under Belgian administration. - Territory of 1939, according to Treaty of Neuilly, signed, Nov. 27, 1919. “Data exclude deaths among armed forces overseas. ®Data exclude, in addition to stillbirths, infants born alive but dying before registration of birth. ®Includes 98 deaths, which occurred in 1934 but were registered in 1939. “Includes 167 deaths, which occurred in 1934 but were registered in 1938. i; ®pata for 87 departments only, excluding 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. oe ®Unless otherwise specified, data are for the Altreich, i. e., territory of 1937, including the Saar. 10Data are for the Altreich, Austria, Sudetenland, Memel, and Danzig. iy 1lUnless otherwise specified, data are for territory defined by the Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 12pata are for the Trianon Territory plus the Northern and Southern Territories, Subcarpathia, and Transylvania. 13Data are for the Trianon Territory plus the Northern Territories, Subcarpathia, and Transylvania. 24Data are for the Trianon Territory plus the Northern Territories, and Subcarpathia. 18Data are for the Trianon Territory plus the Northern Territories. : 16Data are for a registration area which includes almost 100 percent of total British territory and 76 percent of India proper. ’ 1720-29 years of age. : J 180nly figure available tabulated by age and sex; differs from that shown in table 14, p. 132. : 1°Excludes data for Burma which was separated from India, Apr. 1, 1937. ~~ 2%Data include 504 deaths of Europeans and Anglo-Indians in 1937, and 613 in 1936. J 21Data exclude war losses. | ; i 22fxcludes data for Karafuto which became part of Japan proper, Apr. 1, 1943. : 23Data are for Japanese only and exclude war losses. : 24Tncludes 3 deaths, sex not stated. 26Tncludes 2 deaths, sex not stated. % 2%Tncludes 1 death, sex not stated. Bis 27Tncludes 79 deaths, sex not stated. : 28Includes 75 deaths, sex not stated. ; 2% ppe at death for "under 1 year" and "1-4 years" based on age at last birthday; age of other groups pr on difference between year of death and year of birth. Source: Compiled from official yearbooks and vital statistics reports for each country and from selected secondary sources. See complete bibliography on p. 238. Female... ... Gotitiy; period, unl sex All Under 1-4 5-9 10-14 | 15-19 | 20-24 ages 1 year” years | years | years | years | years \ 5 Australia (ex. aboriginals): \ : 1940-1942 Ds tivsavee.BOUh SOXOS 10.1 39.2 Bel 1.3 0.9 1.4 1.8 te Male... uses 11.1 43.6 3.5 1.4 1.1 1.7 1.9 Female....... 9.0 34.6 2.9 1:1 0.7 153 Ta Austria; OEA1088. esos hu onan s Bot SEXES... 15.2 94.8 5.9 2.6 1.5 2.5 3.4 Loy WE Male Gy a 14.0 105.7 6.2 2.8 1.5 2.7 5.7 ; Fenle.:...- 12.4 83.3 5.7 2.4 1.5 2.3 3.2 Pelatons : AT : 1940-1941%...,......+ n+ Both Sexes... 15.5 92.4 5.4 2,2 1.8 2.9 5.6 Male. olsen 17.4 || 104.0 5.8 2.4 2.0 3.4 2.1, it Female....... 15.7 80.3 5.0 1.9 1.7 2.5 3.1 : 1937-1959. Jv vnnrrnrs rss Boh sexes... 15.6 82.2 5.7 1.9 1.4 2.1 5.6 MIE. ean 14.4 92.57] (16,2 2.3 1.5 2.3 3.8 Fedde... sa 12.7 71.3 5.3 1.7 1.5 1.9 3.3 Bulgaria:® : SL. ROTO-1080. a. + Ll Vr Bott Bees... 13.5 139.8 —©16.4 — 4.1 Pa ‘ Malena ivy 14.0 149.1 ——©37.2 - 3.8 : Pemale.......| 12.9| i 130.0 615.5 - 4.5 Canada (x. Yukon and N.U. Territories):. ; | 2 31940-19487... ... v. Both sexes. 9.8 56.6 12) 1.4 Tel 17 2.3 Male. os aoe 10.7 63.6 (2) 1.6 1.3 2.0 2.6 Female... . 8.9 49.7 (3) 1.2 1.0 1.5 2.0 | Chile: : ¢ ROB O108T i ouikis sins vie s BOL ‘BOXES. 21.4 214.0. “51.7 3.7 3.6 6.8 9.6 | Mule. Luis 22.1 201.2 31.4 5.7 3.4 6.5 9.74. ® V Famale..ii... 20.6 206.4 | 32.0 5.7 3.8 AY 9.5 Czechoslovakia: y 8990-7937 ..... suit. a Hoth sexes... 14.6. |} 7137.9 9.5 5.0 1.9 3.4 4.4 Mele. oi eal 015.5 (11 9150.0 9.7 3.0 1.8 5.5 4.6 4 Ferale.......| 713.9} 2125.0 9.2 3.0 2.0 3.3 4.2 Denmark (ex. Faroe Islands): 1939-1941...............Both SEXES.a. 10.2 54.4 2.5 0.8 0.7 1.2 1.6 ’ MELE ss wea 1 0d 61.2 29 0.9 0.8 1.3 3.7 pA Female....... 10.1 47.1 2.3 0.7 0.6 1.0 1.4 | England and Wales: % : 1959-10413... ...4. +... Both sexes... 13.3 55.9 4.50 18 1.3 2.3 3.3 ales... ou 15.0 62.8 4.8 2.0 1.3 2.5 4.6 1 Female....... 12.0 48.5 4.2 TF i.e 2:1 2.6 Bstonia: 4 E0580 + ss ds oo v0 was oe Both SEXES... 14.5 77.5 6.6 2.6 2.3 5.3 4.6 MBLC, susan =, 15.7 86.9 6.8 2.6 2.3 3.4 5.1 ER Fermle..ouss. 13.5 67.7 6.4 2.5 2.3 3.1 4.1 | Finland: . 1 0%0.1940. tuts sees oes Both ‘SEXES... 16.5 78.2 (2) 2.9 2.3 4.5] 316.6,|. Al Male. hua. 20.6 87.0 =) 5.1 2.5 5.2 28.8 ii . : Tomzle,'v..uu. 12.5 69.0 (2) 2.9" 2.5 5.8 4.6 1088-19580 ss vssis vines Both sexes... 12.6 67.5 7.6 2.9 2.3 3.8 5.4 3 sa Malec.i bavi 15.2 74.2 7.9 Saosin 3.9 6.1 : Ferale....... 12.0 60.3 7.4 2.8 2d 3.7 4.7 - France: i : : iro 1940-1942° TL vee ou.Both sexes...) 1018.21 eys.8 Gad'[ 1.9 1.5 2.7 £.) Male. ..h noe 220.8 | 087.8 6.7 2.0 1.6 2.9 4.6 Ags Female.......| 916.0) ©69.5 6.0 1.8 1.4 2.5 3.6 9 185-1057. +n ot 56X68...» 215.6 267.1 5.3 1.8 1.4 3.0 3.8 : Male. v.hvee) 217.0 976.2 5.6 1.9 1.4 5.0 4,1 214.5 || ©57.9 4.9 1.7 1.44 25.0 3.6 53 SPECIFIED COUMIRIES, SELECTED YEARS Pl All other age-specific rates are the average annual number of tenths in a specified group oer 1,000 population. of ‘that riod. E 5 SS estimates. Unless otherwise specified, rates for countries engaged in the war (1939-1945) tnclude war losses," Loe a 1 dry iy i i Ke / 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 years 1 EEE 4 years years years years years years years years years years ] over 2.0 R.3 5.2 4.3 6.6 9.8 14.9 R5.1 36.8 55.7 £ 1.9 RS 3.4 4.8 7.6 11,7 18.3 28.4 44.2 64.5 i 2.0 R.4 3.0 5.7 5+5 749 11.4 18.0 29.8 47.5 3.8 4.0 5.0 6.3 8.5 12.0 17.4 26.4 41.4 66.2 3.7 4.3 5.8 To 10.2 14.3 R0.7 30.4 46.0 71.4 3.5 3.7 4.4 5.5 7.1 10.0 14.6 RR.9 37.4 61.8 8.3 5.1 5.3 6.8 9.0 12.5 18.1 7.0 40.4 68.0 8.8 6.5 6.6 8.3 11.2 15.5 22.4 32.3 47.1 78.0 3.7 3.6 4.0 5.2 7.0 9.7 14.2 22.1 54.6 59.5 3.4 8.8 1 4.6 57. 7.9 11.7 16.2 24.6 71.9 3.7 4.1 Sed. 6.5 9.3 13.9 19.0 RB.3. | 76.4 3.2 3.4 4.0 4.9 6.6 9.7 13.5 21.1 68.1 5.4 fr 25.0 72 +0 5.3 15.0 7.5 75.1 5.4 a” 21.0 22.9 62:0 t= R45 2.8 3.5 4.6 6.4 9.5 14.3 21.5 3%.8 52.8 RE R.8 5.6 4.9 7.0 10.7 16.0 124.3 37.3 58.3 2.5 7 3.5 4.3 5.8 8.2 12.4 18.3 29.8 47. by 10.0 10.4 11.5 13.1 15.7 20.0 | 27.6 33.5 54.0 68.6 % 8.7 10.8 11.9 14.4 17.9 R3.4 31.4 38.5 57.8 78.5 | 10.2 10.0 ils 11.8 13.4 16.8 23.6 29.2 50:4 60.9 4.5 4.8 5.7 7.0 9.0 13.0 18.4 R77 44.3 68.7 i 4.6 4.9 6.1 8.0 10.5 15.1 21.1 31.0 47.5 72.5 4.5 4.7 5.3 6.1 AA 11.2 16.0 24.8 41.5 65.7 1.9 2.0 2.8 3.8 5.4 8.7 12.9 20.6 33.5 56.0 1.9 1.9 2.8 3.9 5.6 9.3 14.1 22.1 35.3 58.8 on 1.9 R2 2.9 3.7 5.3 Be? 11.7 19.2 31.8 55.6 3.1 542 5.9 5.2 7.4 11.1 16.6 25.3 59.1 62.3 3.6 3.7 4.6 6.2 9.0 13.9 21.0 31.4 46.7 73.0 R.7 2.8 3.3 4.3 6.7 8.8 12.8 20.2 3R.6 54.1 ! 4.6 5.0 5.6 7 9.0 11.8 16.6 25.5 72.5 5.2 5.9 Tod 9.2 12.4 16.4 R3.5 35.4 80.5 3.9 4.0 4.1 5.4 6.2 8.3 11.3 18. 66.1 17.7 12.9 11.4 9.0 9.2 12.6 17.7 26.6 41.8 59.8 123.4 30.5 1.3 17.9 12.8 11.9 16.7 22.7 33.3 48.8 64.9 118.9 5.1 4.7 5.1 545 6.6 8.9 13.3 21.0 36.3 56.0 126.7 5.6 5.7 6.0 7.5 9.0 12.2 17.6 26.1 68.8 5.9 6.3 6.6 9.1 11.1 15.2 22.3 3.3 | ——— 68.7 5.3 5.1 5.4 5.9 7.0 9.4 13.3 20.8 68.8 5.2 5.6 6.5 8.0 10.4 14.0 19.2 7.8 42.1 115.4 — 7.1 TF 8.9 10.7 14.2 18.9 25.7 55.9 52.9 131.9 — 4.0 4.2 4.6 5.7 7.5 10.2 14.3 21.4 55.5 | 104.3 ~ 4.4 5.3 6.5 7.9 9.9 15.6 18.3 27.8 40.3 108.7 — : 4.8 6.0 7.8 10.5 12.7 | 17.3 R3.2 34.7 49.5 122.1 — 4.0 4.1 4.8 6.0 7.7 10.5 14.0 21.8 32.8 99.4 — (Exclusive of stillbirths. group. © INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 17.—AVERAGE ANNUAL DEATH RATES, SPECIFIC FOR AGE AND SEX: Rates under 1 year are the number of infant deaths per 1,000 average annual live births in the pe- Underlining indicates that rates for period were computed on an enumerated population; all others are computed on deaths among armed forces and deaths of civillans from operations of war, and are computed on total population) See footnotes on p. 168. Country, period, and sex I 59 10-14 20-24 years | years | years years Germany? 1 1936-1938, s +4 +vse..Both SEXES... 4.5 2.0 1.3 1.8 3.0 2 Maleeeues vivian 4.9 el 1.4 RD 3.5 3 Female..c.c.. 4.2 1.8 1.2 1.5 25 Greece: , : 2927-1928. csv avin ...Both sexes... 32.2 6.2 3.1 4.9 6.9 Mole, ouisvaimio 32.4 6.3 3.1 5.0 7.0 Female..oeo.. 32.0 6.1 BL 4.3 6.7 Hungary::3 1936-1938... + ics vvss'ss+ Both sexes... 10.2 R.4 2.0 3.8 4.6 Male.vodevess 10.3 2.5 1.9 3.6 4.7 Female....... 10.0 2.3 2.0 4.1 4.6 India** (British): 1956-1938. cs 4s xs44+++5.Both sexes..." 36. 9.8 6.0 8.6 | 1810.6 MEIGS: svonsn ve 38.2 9.8 6.0 7+7]:2° 9.5 Penne. venir» 35.5 9.8 5.9 9.5:|2611.9 Ireland (Eire): 1940-1942. . cscs vse vrais +» BOth SEXES... 5.2 1.8 1.4 Rr? 4.0 Male. cece sions 5.5 R.0 1.3 27 3.8 Female€..oeonw 4.9 1.6 1.5 R.3 4.2 1935~1937 cess cwinioe eins e BOL SOXOS e's. 7.3 2.2 7 R.7 4.0 Male. ovens 7.6 2.2 1.6 2.6 3.8 Feniale...coees Zod 23 1.8 2.8 4.2 Ttaly: 9 1935-19575... 0 22s sr..Both 50X65... 14.7 2.3 1.7 2.9 3.8 Male. viivisisis ae 14.9 R.4 1.8 3.0 4.0 Female..eooee 14.5 2.3 1.7 2.9 345 Japan (proper): 1939-1941%*7.............Both sexes... 20.9 4,1 3.0 8.3 9.5 MalGe seinen 21.1 4.1 2.6 8.2 9.7 Female..ecesn 20.6 4.1 3.4 8.4 9.3 1934-1936. «cas ss «sss s Both sexes: .. 20.4 4.0 3.1 7.8 9.7 MA1C vie ove svvin 0.7 4.0 2.7 7.5 9.7 ‘ Female..oooon 20.2 4.0 5.6 8.4 9.6 Latvias 1938-1938, .. cess. +4 Both sexes... 6.7 R.8 22 2.9 4.8 Male. cevievs . Tol 2.8 R.4 3.1 5.3 Femal€.cieeans 6.2 Sol 2.1 R.7 4.3 Mexico: 1939~1941%.c.cceeees.....BOLh SEXES... 22 6 Pde 3.9 5.9 Males vivenss 23.6 en De J TTT 4.1 6.1 Female.eoeaen 2Y.7 —d 3.7 5.8 Netherlands: . 1940-1942. i v's vs evens vis +BOLh SEXES... GZ 3.5 1.4 1.0 1.8 2.6 Male... cnn. 10.2 5.8 1.6 LX 2.1 3.6 Female...oo.o 9.1 3.2 1.2 0.9 1.4 Xa? 1936-71988... cca sevens Both sexes... 8.6 3.3 pT 0.9 1.3 17 Malo. via sivinis 8.7 3.5 1.3 0.9 1.4 1.9 Female....... 8.5 3.0 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.5 New Zealand (ex. Maoris): 1940-19428. ............Both sexes... 9.9 (2) 0.9 0.84% 1.3 LT . IBYE sw son vie 11.0 (8) 1.0 1.0 1.6 2.7 Female....... 8.8 (8) 0.9 0.6 0.9 1.6 GENERAL MORTALITY 33 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, SELECTED YEARS—Continued ' “riod. All other age-specific rates are the average annual number of deaths In a specified group -per 1,000 population of that i | estimates. Unless otherwise specified, rates for countries engaged In the war (1939-1845) Include "war losses," 1. e., all = 75 . i 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 years |Line 3 years years years years years years years years years years and No. over . 3.0 3.3 4.0 5.0 6.9 10.1 15.4 R3.8 38.4 62.9 136.7 1 / = 3.5 3.5 4.3 5.7 7.9 11.5 17.5 R6.3 41.4 66.9 140.5 R 2.7 5.1 3.6 4.4 6.2 8.9 13.6 R1l.4 35.6 59.5 133.8 Be 77 7.6 9.1 8.9 11.0 13.3 18.9 5.3 38.5 55.5 126.4 4 7.4 7.1 9.1 9.9 12.4 15.5 22.6 30.1 45.4 60.0 125.0 5 8.0 8.2 9.1 8.0 9.5 11.1 14.9 20.9 33.5 51.4 127.6 6 4.7 4.7 5.4 6.7 8.8 12.0 17.5 61.5 7 rr 4.7 4.9 5.8 7.6 10.1 13.7 19.8 63.9 8 4.6 4.6 5.0 5.8 Tin 10.5 15.5 59.3 9 ——— 12.5 ~~ 16.9—— 28.8 85.6 10 —_— 12. 0—— 18.2 31.0 88.1 Iv ——— ARP rr 155m R6.5 83,0 12 y 4.1 4.6 5.1 6.3 8.2 12.1 17.4 R7.2 37.6 63.6 119.4 13 3.9 4.5 5.0 6.2 B.7 12.2 18.4 28.2 40.2 66.8 125.7 14 4.3 4.6 5.1 6.3 7.6 11.9 16.4 R6.2 34.7 60.4 114.0 15 4.5 5.1 5.5 7.0 8.8 13.6 18.2 R9.° 39.0 72.7 114.0 16 4.1 4.7 5.3 7.1 9.1 14.4 18.8 30.3 40.7 7742 118.1 17 4.9 5.5 5.7 7.0 8.5 pe 17.5 27.9 37.0 66.7 110.6 18 a 3.9 4.3 5.0 6.1 7.7 10.4 15.4 R3.6 38.3 62.8 142.5 19 4.0 4.5 5.6 7.0 9.0 11.9 17.5 26.1 41.5 66.1 149.0 R0 9 3.9 4.1 4.6 5.4 6.6 9.0 13.5 R1.3 35.3 59.7 137.0 Rl : 7 8.6 7.9 8.3 9.5 12.0 16.8 23.9 34.7 51.2 81.7 159.2 22 a 8.6. 7.8 8.3 9.9 13.6 19.8 29.2 43.1 62.7 97.5 176.6 R3 ; 8.5 7.9 8.3 8.9 10.3 1.3.9 18.9 R7.3 41.7 70.0 148.9 R4 8.5 7.8 8.3 9.6 12.1 16.8 R3.5 33.8 53.1 78.6 154.7 25 ; 8.4 7.4 7.9 9.8 13.7 19.9 28.8 41.5 64.9 93.5 172.5 R6 vi 8.6 8.2 8.7 9.3 10.4 13.7 18.5 R6.7 43.4 67.3 143.9 27 2 4.2 4.4 4.7 5.9 8.0 1.1 16.5 25.0 89.2 28 4.6 4.8 5.3 7.5 10.5 15.1 RR.4 33.4 78.5 R9 3.7 4.0 4.3 4.8 6.2 8.0 11.7 18.7 63.0 30 i 10.7 19.2 75.4 31° 11.6 R1.7 73.6 32 3 9.9 16.9 97.2 33 #l R.6 2.77 3.1 4.0 5.6 8.4 12.7 R0.4 70.6 34 i 3.3 3.2 35.5 4.4 6.2 9.1 13.8 R1.9 73.3 35 1.9 R.2 2.7 3.6 5.0 7.6 11.6 18.9 68.1 36 1.9 2.2 2.8 3.6 5.2 ZX 12.5 19.8 67.3 37 1.9 R.2 Rie 7 3.6 5.2 8.2 12.9 R0.3 68.3 38 1.8 2.2 2.9 3.6 5.1 7.9 12.2 19.2 66.3 39 2.2 R.4 2.9 3.9 5.9 g.1 14.1 1.9 35.0 56.6 151.6 40 a R.4 2.5 5.0 4.4 6.5 10.6 16.3 R4.9 38.1 60.6 141.0 41 2 2.0 2.2 2.8 3.5 5.3 7.6 11.9 18.8 30.8 52.7 125.0 42 2) X INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 17.—AVERAGE ANNUAL DEATH RATES, SPECIFIC FOR AGE AND SEX: it i (Exclusive of stillbirths. Rates under 1 year are the number of infant deaths per 1,000 average annual live births in the pe- group. Underlining indicates that rates for period were computed on an enumerated population; all others are computed on deaths among armed forces and deaths of civilians from operations’ of war, and are computed on total population) Line i All Under 1-4 5-9 10-14 | 15-19 | 20-24 No. Qountry, period, and sex ages? i year? years years | years years years Norway : 1 1939-~1941%*....0cc00v.... Both sexes... 10.6 39.6 3.0 1.4 1.1 2.2 3.4 2 : Maleoovosinivins 11.3 44.0 3.3 1.6 1.2 R.5 4.5 5 Fenaleeesoess 10.2 34.9 2.7 2.1 1.0 1.6 2.5 4 1936-1938. iiss dsieerer.BObh Soxes... 10.3 40.4 3.0 1.3 1.1 2.0 5.1 5 Male.eosseons 10.4 45.5 3.4 1.5 1.2 2.3 3.5 6 Femal€.veooes 10.1)" =:/35.0 2.6 1.0 1.0 1.8 2.6 Re Poland: iG 7 1930-19582. oc vais ernie JBoth soxes.,, 15.2 142.8 15.1 3.6 2.5 4.% 5.7 Het t 8 Males. aves 15.5 155.5 15.5 3.6 2.4 4.1 6.2 Bs S Female..oooss 14.3 129.3 14.7 B60 52.7 4.1 5.2 i Portugal (inc.Azores and Madeira Islands): i 10 1980-1941). . «is's's a siss vss vie Both SeXES... 16.0 131.9 22.7 3.3 2.2 3.5 4.6 a Malgehioiioses 16.9 138.9 23.2 5.5 2? 3.4 4.8 PU 12 Female€seeeass 15.2 124.5 22.3 5.1 25% 3.2 4.3 Scotland: 13 1940-19429. ....0cc.... Both sexes... 14.5 76.7 5.8 2.0 1.4 5.9— 14 MalG.ecveievens 16.8 87.1 5.9 2.2 1.5 5:4r—r 35 Female..v.'.. 12.7 65.8 5.6 1.8 1.4 29 Spain (inc. Balearic and Canary Islands): 16 JO29-193).cevesneves Both sexes... 217.1| 2118.9 23.6 3.9 2.4 4.3 5.4 17 Male... u. x0 218.30 2226.4 24.1 3.9 R.4 4.4 5.6 i 18 ; Perle. ......| %16.z]" 100.8 25.1 3.8 R.5 4.2 5.2 i li Sweden: bi 19 1939-194)l...cce00eee.....Both sexes... 11.4 38.5 R.4 1.0 0.9 1.8 2.5 i 20 MalG.eivieseinies 11.4 43.4 2.7 1.2 0.9 2.0 R.9 21 Ferale....... 11.4 33.4 2.2 0.9 0.8 1.6 2.1 22 1934--1936...++++++++....Both sexes... 11.6 45.4 3.4 Xe5 1.4 R.4 Bed 23 ’ Males. dessin 11.5 51.3 3.8 1.6 1.5 2.5 3.4 24 Fenale....en. 11.7 29.2 3.0 1.3 1.3 2.4 5.1 Switzerland: 251 1940-194R%* cece eeeeses..sBoth sexes... 11.3 41.6 (2) 13 1.1 1.8 2.5 26 Male. vssain 12.0 46.5 (3) 1.4 12 2.2 3.0 27 Formale......» 10.7 36.5 (2) 3.2 1.0 1.4 2.0 | Union of South Africa (Europeans): 28 1940-19423... ....5 .»+.-Both sexes... 9.4 49.5 5.1 1.6 1.1 1.6 2.2 ii A209 : Male: sioiciive 10.6 55.17 545 1.6 1.3 1.8 R.4 30 Female.eoeoes 8.2 43.0 4.9 1.5] 0.9 1.3 1.9 718) 1935-1937. ..............Both SEXES... 10.1 59.4 7:0 1.8 1.5 R46 BR HBP Male...... uy 11.5 65.7 7.2 1.8 1.6 R.3 3.8 33 Female....... 8.8 52.8 6.7 1.8 1.4 1.8 2.6 United States: x ~ 34 1059-1941%5 cuss + sis nies Both sEXEE. iW 10.6 46.8 3.0 1.1 1.0 1.7 2.4 35 Hale. canis 11.8 52.0 5.2 1.2 1.2 1.9 2.7 36 Female....... 9.4 41.2 2.7 0.9 0.8 1.5 24 Venezuela (ex. tribal Indians): 37 1940-1942.c..cv.0.ee... Both SeXeS... 16.2 118.3 21.5 5.1 4.0——| 88.3 Male. .ahhs. 6) M6 BY 125.a) 21.3 5.1 5.9 —| 295.3 Female..eoess 16.0 112.8 21.7 5.0 4.) ~~] 358.5 Ha ie ‘ a a ’ ; Rr SN ne \ oe red eC i ~~ GENERAL MORTALITY te EET : ; % ? % : } i 8 SE > \ & god TILT Eakth 3% SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, SELECTED YEARS—Continued . oh i Rips RY : i 3 ya riod. All other age-specific rates are the average annual number of deaths in a specified group per 1,000 population of tha. estimates. Unless otherwise specified, rates for countries engaged in the war (1939-1945) include "war losses," 1. e., all \ P L ah , : T 3 ; Bead oh 75 ¢ Bea R5-R9 30-34 35-39 40-44. 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 years |Line : y years years years years | years years years years years years and No. pir over 7 i \ J s ie 3.5 3.6 3.9 4.6 5.9 8.3 11.5 17.2 27.5 45.1 1R5.6 4.6 4.6 4.9 5.8 7.1 9.5 13.2 19.677 © 30.7 48.6 131.2 : 2.5 2.6 3.0 3.5 4.9 7.3 10.1 15.1 24.8 42.3 121.601 5 3.4 3.6 4.0 4.6 5.9 8.3 1.5 17.7 R75 45.5 122.2 | + : 3.8 4.0 4.4 5.1 © 68.7 9.2 32.9 19.6 31.9 fv ag.8 120.8 3.0 3.2 35 4.1 5.2 7.6 10.4 16.0 4.4 42.3 118.5 } - \ 5.6 6.1 6.7 7.9 9.8 14.1 19.9 30.6 45.2 68.8 128.1 | 5.3 5.7 6.4 8.3 11.2 16.8 R3.2 35.3 50.2 74.4 154.5 5.8 6.3 7.0 7.4 8.5 11.9 16.9 26.6 40.9 64.2 123.0 BD 5.5 6.5 75 9.1 Av<7 17.0 25.4 39.9 87.7 151.1 f 5.3 6.3 7.4 9.3 11.7 15.1 R1.6 31.6 49.0 81.1 162.4 4.6 4.7 55 6.0 7.0 9.0 13.4 20.6 | © 33.3 8.6 144.6 4.4 : 5.5 10.3 ng 50} 145.0 ; 6.0 6.9 Bem Tre rs BLE TT le 16. 5.8 4.4 8.0 Tl B.0 {swe Arl.8 # 5.7 6.0 6.9 8.2 10.2 13. 19.5 29.2 45.7 |— 121.4 £ 5.8 8.1 7.4 9.4 12.4 16.2 23.9 34.3 52.5 '{——126.8 2 5.7 5.9 6.4 7.1 8.2 10.8 15.6 24.8 39.7 |——=3117.3 : 2.5 2.6 5.0 4.1 5.7 8.5 12.3 19.3 30.4 53.3 151.4 2.8 2.8 3.3 4.5 6.5 9.3 13.6 R1.3 32.5 55.5 | 134.6 & R.3 2.5 2.8 3.7 5.2 7.7 11.1 17.4 28.6 51.4 128.9 3.2 3.3 3.8 4.7 6.5 8.9 13.0 19.4 3.4 52.0 126.2. 3.3 3.3 4.0. 4.9 6.9 9.6 14.2 21.0 34.5 54.2 1R8.7 3.1 5.2 3.6 4.5 6.1 8.3 11.8 18.0 30.6 50.1 1R4.3 : 2.8 2.8 3.3 4.4 6.3 9.9 15.0 23.8 37.2 62.1 1. 128.8 39 3.1 3.7 5.2 7.7 11.8 18.3 28.8 43.4 69.6 159.8 ¢ 2:5 2.5 3.0 37 51 8.2 12.2 lo.6 32.1 56.4 121.5 > 2.4 2.8 5.8 5.2 8.0 11.8 16.8 25.4 66.9 2.5 5.0 4.0 5.9 9.5 14.4 20.2 30.3 73.2 2.3 2.7 5.6} 4.5 6.6 9.3 13.3 19.9 60.4 hy BR 2.2 3.8 4.8 6.4 9.4 13.0 18.1 26.1 39.6 59.8] (127.3 ’ 3.4 3.9 Sel 7.2 11.0 15.3 21.3 R9.9 44.5 66.2 155.1 5.0 35.7 4.4 5.68 AN 10.6 14.5 21.6 34.2 53.0 119.7 2.8 3.4 4.4 6.1 8.6 12.7 18.4 26.5 38.6 59.6 126.2 3.1 B.7 4.9 7.0 10.1 14.9 21.8 30.9 44.4 66.4 154.1 Bi 2.5 3.0 V3.9 5.2 el 10.3 14.8 21.9 33.0 53.0 119.3. — 11.6 15.2 2l.5—= 38.4 95.4 — 11.6- 16.3 23.5 42.8 99.3 =. 11.8 14.0 19.86 84.9 |—T98. 151 \ { ’ | v 168 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS Footnotes for table 17 #*Provisional. Includes unknown ages. 2Rates computed on live births. 3Rates based on deaths excluding armed forces but computed on total population. “Data exclude the 41 communes of Eupen, Malmedy, and Moresnet, not under Belgian administration. BTerritory of 1939, according to Treaty of Neuilly, signed, Nov. 27, 1919. SUnder 15 years of age. 7Rates based on deaths excluding armed forces overseas but computed on total population. ®Rate not computed because population base, ages 1-4, is not available. SExcludes, in addition to stillbirths, infants born alive but dying before registration of birth. 10Excludes data for armed forces. 11Data are for 87 departments only, excluding 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. 12Data are for the Altreich, i. e., territory of 1937, including the Saar. 13perritory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 14pata exclude Burma and are for a registration area which includes almost 100 percent of total British territory and 76 percent of India proper. 1820-29 years of age. 16Data exclude armed forces and civilian workers in Africa and Spain. 17Rates ‘are for Japanese only excluding war losses, but computed on total Japanese population. 18ates exclude armed forces overseas. 1%Rates based on deaths including war losses, but computed on civilian population. Source: Based on average deaths derived from data in table 16 and computed on population from table 3 as well as other estimates not given in this report. 169 © GENERAL MORTALITY TABLE 18.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED UNDER 1 YEAR OF AGE: 64 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1937-1944 (Exclusive of stillbirths) Country 1937 1938 1939 1940 - 1941 1942 1943 1944 AFRICA . BEIT seen svnnsssrines .i 114,856 115,085 112,324 112,910 104,402 110,847 — a Union of South Africa: EUTOPeaN ses sno cnr ans 2,878 2,691 2,648 2,7R5 2,779 2,670 2,780 2,605 Non-Europeans®.«eeeeees 25,284 245911 24,989 —— = 18,125 #17,680 #19, 328 AMERICA Argentina..... a sianis + wee 327,782 330,726 3075278 426,491 425,116 527,958 #28, 234 fois Argentina (ex. terr.).. 324,782 327,500 324,146 423,019 421,714 524,439 *R4,549 #27,258 Bolivia S........ 0... 27 21,700 83,889 85,897 ot 10,377 9,164 — HA Brazileeeecescesecscsaces — — —— — —_— —_— —— ime Brazil (21 cities®).... 24,538 24,489| °24,249| 1°23,573| 1%x24,624 #25,883 #26, 560 428,850 Canada (ex. Yukon and Northwest Terr.)...... 16,693 14,517 13,939 13,783 15,236 14,651 15,817 15,539 Yukon and N. W. Terr.l. 33 35 31 37 72 81 73 33 CHUTE, oss sedis snbsioniins 36,914 36,512 36,736 36,190 33,033 33,146 - 33,474 31,616 CoLomBiA o's ve ns vuiennsiniee 39,418 43,809 45,423 40,917 45,680 48,514 49,692 49,479 Colombia (ex. terr.)... 39,024 — — _— _— 47,696 48,784 48,760 Cota Rica. esvsveiesssnes 3,630 3,267 3,787 3,707 3,559 4,446 3,559 3,741 CUBE isle shit die vd phere aw tie es Ho — =e as —t He Soar Dominican Republict..... 2,522 2,810 5,114 3,507 3,007 3,698 = 145,379 Eenador®. ta vesesdine LE 16,038 18,400 18,539 16,203 16,513 16,717 16,653 EL Salvador... «esses ese 8,740 8,157 8,289 9,019 7,618 8,390 7,868 8,557 Guatemala..ice eves nein 9,575 9,998 13,187 11,647 11,219 15,471 13,465 13,038 Haiti ceavesssvsnessnerss —— —_— _— —_— — —_— — — Honduras'Z..... ene i 3,802] 33,728 4,330 4,506 4,406 4,822 5,322 4,790 MEXICO. ves vas + wa nnnnans] 108,047] 208,200 106,083 110,037 108,081 111,100 | #106,000 | 106,000 Nicaragid. eee scvcesesse 2,900 2,964 2,938 3,576 3,395 4,402 3,182 4,075 Panama (ex. Indians).... 14349 14349 14344 12405 14453 1830) 31,665 fh Paraguay ecess con ones oe 2,718 3,414 2,794 2,951 2,822 =o SE spin Paraguay (districts? ©) =r 1,252 1,1°9 1,174 1,115 1,014 sos hi Peru (ex. jungle pop.).. — —| *19,000 21,235 20,850 20,032 22,829 22,212 United States...... ene 119,931| 116,702 108,846 110,984 113,949 113,492 118,484 J11,1R% Uruguay:.... ier A wee 3,978 4,121 3,521 3,710 3,666 3,954 — Wiss Venezuela (ex. Indians). 15,508 16,429 17,058 16,234 16,288 16,040 15,843 17,192 ASTA Burma (reg. area)....... 18 93,170 87,194 = cr — es ie Ceylon sens iss esaeanse 34,180 33,630 35,174 31,719 28,461 26,636 32,842 31,457 Chosen (Korea)...ssseees _— —— — — — —— —_— —_— India 1°(British)......| 1,518,569 1,570,196| 1,454,678| 1,483,338] 1,489,283 1,416,640 Een — Japan (proper)?©........ 230,701| 220,695 202,018 190,509 191,420 190,897 | 2%195,219 2S Malayaeessoessescacossne —_— mn —-— —_— —_— —_— _— —-— Straits Settlements®Z.. 8, 8,593 (22) 18 = LE i ene Federated Malay States. 18) *%) (12) 18 LE — —— nt Unfederated Malay Sts..| (2) (12) (+2) (1?) td in in LAT Netherlands E. Indies: Java and Madura......s. R57 187 224 —_— —_— —_— — —_— Outer Prov. (Europeans) 75 86 80 — —_— — _— 4 Pelestine®3.c cre eoeves 8,368 6,043 5,733 7,197 6,734 6,904 6,635 6,367 EUROPE Anstria dsiies sds seins 7,671 7,516 (28) 22) 249.930 243,804 249.017 ee Belziume.secsse» rain 10,651 10,862 10,718 2810,485 259,216 255.115 259,192 2810, 502 Bullgaria®®...iivduesdove 22,605 20,566 18,723 19,137 18,331 17,900 | 2719,354 2718,206 Czechoslovakia: Bohemia and Moravia®®.. 10,306 10,481 10,231 11,500 12,094 12,648 #15,394 Fh Denmark (ex. Faroe Is.). 4,455 4,022 3,945 3,517 3,919 3,737 3,780 4,322 England and Wales....... 35,175 32,724 31,190 33,892 34,550 32,258 #33,083 %33,456 Betonia®%. 0. . fuaesiunst : 1,649 1,430 1,510 (2%) (2°) (2%) (3%) (2%) Finland... rere. este vie 4,960 5,202 5,446 5,817 5,301 4,150 3,766 5,450 Prance®,seeces ee rer 40,397 40,148 2°37,088 3049,156| 3036,242| 038,818 | 3%44,268| 346,346 Germany32 ec ee snsvnsss . 82,194 80,616 84,449 89,822 -— ae —_— re BPEO0e s,s snsorne rien 22,469 18,345 21,098 33g,247 33g,394 ore — sec Hungary %..... rere reali iRA 547 23,933 21,665 24,113 20,458 24,980 (23) (38) Toelanty seve sss suites wwe 77 66 87 89 88 154 art 122 Ireland (Bire)......... J 4,121 3,794 3,691 3,759 4,175 4,591 5,319 5,198 Ttaly, ake is o Sre Te 107,877{ 110,271 100,891 107,446 108,003 104,135 | 28x100,361 | 2®#87,534 See footnotes on pe 171. 2,478 (te, 870 11,957 6,518 1,933 1,692 118,798 27,369 106,838 6,163 60,584 3,892 2,729 |. | #57,585 v (*) . 2,336] ‘7,501 2,265 © 2915,084 24,629 40475,258 6,283 #54,464 3,557 3,080 (235, 1,775] #8, 500 2,464 3812 900] 26,278 18 6,174 %59,794 | 3,629 3,303 FEN i : TN & % 1 “5 aS #2 a ee ? 3 Sa Fhe Radi Ee TE Aly A ¥ ; / 7 Sf es ar AAI Lp ¥ al ' hip X ¥ Sy rid x 4 id . iy : I BA ear A 1 J bi: Tn SEIT ha By JEL pala a al 1 ho ass SEU BR Ne wl rtp Footnotes for table 18 Ri ROG eS ER A a er Provisional. : ; a ey Registration is admittedly irregular and incomplete. oy 2For 9 principal towns, namely: Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, East fonda, Kimberley, Pieternaritoburg, Durban, Pretoria, Johannesburg, and Bloemfontein. “Excludes data for Province of Santa Fe. JExcludes data for Provinces of Sante Fe and Corrientes. } / i oA ; ~ BExcludes data for Province of Corrientes. fol old Bi ®Data exclude, in addition to stillbirths, infants Yorn alive but dying before registration of birth. Eh 7For 6 months only, Jan. through June. ; i! ®Excludes data for department of Pando. t FN °Rio de Janeiro (D.F.) and State capitals. wort ~ 10For 20 cities excluding Maceid. : 1lpor 11 months only, Jan. through Nov. , w 12por 1937, data are for year ending July 31; for 1938-1944, year ending June 30. ; : 13For 11 months only, Aug. 1937 through June 1938. 4 14Ror Panama City and Colon. A" + 28For Panama City only. : g 16Tpcludes 25 biodemographic districts in which there are established hospitals, health centers, Aine 0 pensaries, or health units under the supervision of public health authorities. ¥ 171ncludes stillbirths. 5 [ 18pbsolute number not available. For rate, see table 19, p. 172. ¢ 0" 3%pats are for a registration area which includes almost 100 percent British territory and 76 percent oy ty of India proper. ; AS i 20For 1939-1944, data are for Japanese only. , 2lExcludes data for Karafuto which became part of Japan proper, Apr. 1, 1943. *2gxcludes data for Cocos-Keeling Islands. 23pata for "settled" population, excluding nomadic Beduins. 2%Includes data for a few Sudeten districts. 5 : 25Excludes data for 41 communes of Eupen, Malmedy, and Moresnet, not under Belgian administration. b 28Unless otherwise specified, data for territory of 1939, defined by Treaty of Neuilly signed, Nov. Eg R7, 1919. 27For territory defined by Treaty of Craiova, 1940, including Southern Uobrudja. d 28Bohemia and Moravia represent approximately S50 percent of the population of the original Crechoslovals . Republic which included, in addition, Sudetenland, Czecho-Silesia, Slovakia, and Subcarpathian Ruthenia (Subcarpathia). German nationals are excluded beginning with 1938. . 2%Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania became Soviet Socialist Republics on Aug. 3, 1940. 30For 87 departments only, excluding 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. ; 31For 86 departments only, excluding Corsica and 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. f 32Data are for Altreich, i. e., territory of 1937, including the Saar. Deaths under 1 year in the wo Grossreich, including Austria, Sudetenland, Memel, and Danzig, are as follows: 1939.....- 103,190 3942... 89,195 £ “ 3 1940..... 106,900 1943..... 92,514 ; if 194l1..... 87,736 33For 19 departments only. 34Tgrritory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. - 3%Excludes Venezia Giulia and Zara. i] 3%Unless otherwise specified, data are for territory of 1938, i. e., including Klaipeda (Memel) and excluding Vilnius. 37Excludes data for Klaipeda (Memel) and Vilnius; Klaipeda was annexed by Germany, Mar. 21, 1939. 38For "Wartheland" comprising mainly the 3 Provinces of Lodz, Kalisz, and Posnan in western Poland. 3°Excludes data for Bessarabia and the northern half of Bukovina ceded to U.S.S. R., Aug. 2, 1940; two-thirdsof Transylvania ceded to Hungary, Aug. 30, 1940; and one-third of Jobrocie oeded to Bulgaria, Sept. 7, 1940. ) tA ae 40Tncludes data for Bessarabia and northern Bukovina replaced under Rumanian sanitation in July Sing . 1941, but excludes Transylvania and Dobrudja (see note 39 above). y “lExcludes aboriginals. Source: Compiled from official yearbooks and vital statistics reports for each country, and from ‘selected secondary sources. See complete ‘bibliography on p. R38. : y 746604 O - 47 - 12 he ; od A I NTF INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS Le TABLE 19.—INFANT MORTALITY RATES: 64 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1937-1944 k (Exclusive of stillbirths. Rates are the number of deaths reported under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births) He I Country 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 AFRICA ; BZyDhe dessin voesceses ows 165.5 163.4 161.2 161.8 150.2 168.4 eer a Union of South Africa: " Pix BUTOpeaNS. ves ssvsssase 56.6 51.7 49.5 50.1 50.9 47.6 47.3 42.5 7 ~ Non-Europeans®......... 2239.5 2219.6 2205.9 — —-— R44.9 #230.9 #R54.8 By AMERICA / Argenting.sevessrsinssrss 396.7 2105:5 391.7 %90.5 84.8 86.1 #78.7 Sie Argentina (ex. ‘terr.).. 396.6 3105.6 - 391.2 490.0 583.6 685.9 #77.0 #80.2 Boliviat eae Tr sanenns 8 959.6 967.7 9110.3 78.6 105.0 79.5 eh a Brazile. eececicenvosnnen — —_— — pe == tis en edie Brazil (21 cities'®)... 205.2 200.8 11186.5 1379.7 114192.9 #188.1 #185.2 #190.8 Canada (ex. Yukon and ; . : Northwest Terr.)...... 75.8 63.3 60.7 56.4 59.7 53.8 53.7 54.7 : Yukon and N. W. Terr. 112.2 115.9 104.4 114.2 185.6 174.2 145.4 soi He Chile..... ders atesle 240.7 235.7 224.6 217.2 200.2 194.7 194.5 180.8 Tr COTOMbIn. voles sss Seesnes 150.0 156.5 161.9 139.9 150.3 154.2 157.2 154.8 3 Colombia (ex. terr.)... 149.8 —-— — att =r 153.8 158.8 154.8 Costa Rich«cessss sses oe 141.7 121.7 140.1 132.2% 123.5 157.3 116.8 125.0 Cuba...... ei tsi anne ee ne — —_— —_— — —_— _— — re Bch Dominican Republich ad 45.8 66.2 59.0 28.5 56.4 50.9 or 1299.7 i Ecuador. eaves even . — 141.6 155.9 158.5 139.0 140.9 136.4 133.0 E SINET Salvador, ~-. ae 133.4 117.2 115.6 120.8 105.3 117.5 110.0 117.9 at Guatemala. vetoes eassvess 798.7 7101.1 128.2 108.9 108.2 143.9 119.8 117.2 Hakbl. ce ssessvsesorans “ t= mo a Ll Ys — lit ie Hondas. coins ses 101.6 2702.4 106.1 108.8 106.2 110.2 127.3 109.0 MEXL00./sain's's a nis vis sins vin 130.8 128.0 122.6 125.7 123.0 118.2 #110.0 #110.6 > Nicaragua. ««.sisesssess - 93.9 92.4 93.5 108.8. 103.2 129.7 100.4 112.7 i Panama (ex. Indians).... 1490.5 1483.4 idgg.4 495.8114 15103. 3 1686.4 *71.9 coz : Paraguay. svvses sexes 75.2 98.1 80.6 79.6 82.2 ——es go Si vi Paraguay (districts® 1%) ar 101.4 83.7 84.9]. 84.3 51.7 Ha Beir Peru (ex. jungle pop.).. — -— 1335.3 128.1 130.6 114.9 125.9 115.4 United StateS.....ee... . 54.4 51.0 48.0 47.0 45.3 40.4 40.4 39.8 AUSUOY «ss ensiecisnsson 96.2 98.8 82.1 86.5 82.8 92.7 = HL Venezuela (ex. Indians). 134.9 138.7 131.7 121.7 122.2 118.1 109.0 116.8 ASIA Burma (reg. area)....... R03 222.6 203.8 pe = LE ne i a7 Ceylon... alate aie ae 158.2 161.4 165.8 148.9 129.4 120.5 132.0 135.1 we Chosen (korea) iain linen —_— — = = It = sate ard India * 1° (British).... 161.7 167.1] . 155.6] ° 159.8 158.0 162.6 to ee Japan (proper)2S reieials shee 105.8 114.4 106.2 90.0 84.1 85.5 2186.6 so Malaya... eens vseacseens — — —_— — —_— —_ —_— — Straits Settlements?Z.. 154.5 151.5 131 144 hin ik RR te Federated Malay States. 147 147 1R7 134 —— ee —— — A Unfederated Malay Sts.. 145 151 136 139 -L Sz PE, a ! Netherlands E. Indies: Java and Madura........ 56.2 38.2 41.7 —_— —_— — —_— _— Outer Prov. (Buropeans) 48.9 53.8 46.6 == “a 2 Palestine®...ucete. ae 152.8 112.1 107.5 127.2 116.3 122.4 96.4 87.2 : EUROPE Austria...... bss dsdisnons 88.9 80.1 69 72 2469.4 espe l,i 27.8 — . Belg tM. ens ssn sssnsnns = 82.8 81.3 82.4 2593.2 259)..6 2583.9 2594.5 2682.6 : Bulgaria®®.....cr.onvene 149.9 144.4 138.9 136.1 134.8 126.2 271%0.0 27120.6 Czechoslovakia: ; Bohemia and Moravia®®.. 102.3 101.1 95.5 95.8 98.6 96.9 #102.3 cs b Denmark (ex. Faroe Is.). 66.1 58.7 58.1 50.2 55.0 47.0 44.8 47.7 gre England and WaleS....... 57.6 52.7 50.4 55.8 58.8 49.3 #48.4 #44.9 , BSEONIa TT vais nnnasennans 90.7 77.5 81.7 (2°) (29) (39) (2%) (3°) : Finland............ saa 68.6 67.8 69.7 88.3 59.2 67.3 49.5 68.6 2 PranceZ.esess sve vnssensy 65.4 65.6 3063.5 3091.8 3073.5 3071.1 31475.1 31477.2 B Germany32. vee civeen. . 64.4 59.8 59.8 64.1 — re af Hes 4 GI'B@CE iva sr enessocssos e 122.2 99.4 119.5 3399.7 387951 — me Sore ba Hongary®2.eeevesess vow] 133.4 131.4 121.3 150.1 115.6 133.4 #116 8 x95 : Tce an... esis vesssoions 32.1 27.8 36.8 35.9 33.4 50.5 == 38.3 i Ireland (Eire).......... 73.0 66.6 65.8 66.4 73.5 69.4 82.6 79.4 Ebalyevassnnsssass eeu a 108.8 108.5. 7: 97.0 102.7 115.2 #112.4 364113.1 364101.7 pec See footnotes on pe 173. Ni ¥ - 3, a Bad La Ait rics EE — pr NL ee J wi A GENERAL MORTALITY TABLE 19.—INFANT MORTALITY RATES: 64 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1937-1944—Continued (Exclusive of stillbirths. Rates are the number of deaths reported under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births) Country 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 EUROPE--Contimued : : : ] Tatvia®e.,,.... SE ve 85.0 88,1 70.2 (2° (22) 29 29 29 & Lithmania®® 028, 0X, 120.5 112.5 37301.7 (22) (2°) {29} RE 0 Malta and GOZO.evesesess 42.7 224.8 R17 R76 303 345.2 210.0 N NetherlandS...evesseese. 38.1 36.5 33.7 39.1 43.6 39.5 #40.6 Northern Ireland........ 77.4 75.1 70.5 85.9 76.6 76.4 78.2 Norway... Sdleisieins svete 42.0 37.3 13742 #38.7 #43.0 —_— —_— Poland. . vsissies svn visisona 136.3 139.8 —-— — 38164.9 38146.9 28158.5 Portugal (inc. Islands). 151.4 157.2 119.9 126.1 150.8 131.4 132.6 PUnaniave eves ssi Has ete 177.9 182.5 175.9 39189.2 39166 401382.9 40184 Scotland. sese vases avisin 80.3 69.5 68.5 78.3 82.7 69.3 65.2 Spain? (inc. Islands)... 130.0 119.7 135.2 108.7 142.9 #103.2 #99.2 Sweden, «va ssassasessves » 45.2 42.5 39.5 39.2 37.0 29.3 28.9 Switzerland...eeeeseesss 46.7 42.8 42.6 46.2 41.1 38.3 39.8 : ¥ Yugoslavia..... essssnene 140.6 #140.0 #132.3 — —_— —_— — — 3 od EUROPE-ASTA sf Russia (Union of Soviet 2 Socialist Republics).. — — _— — mm —_— » — el 3 OCEANTA A = justraliatt........ 0... 38.1 38.3 38.2 38.4 39.7 39.5 36.8) «m1. New Zealand (ex. Maoris) 31.2 35.6 31:1 30.2, 2.8 28.7 31.4 30.1 of New Zealand (Maoris).... 92.2 153.3 114.9 87.2 125.1 97.9 89.9 ——— 3 iy 3. 27. s » a vi #Provisional. For territory defined by Treaty of Craiova, 1940, i lRates are not to be considered a measure of the true including Southern Dobrudja. ys! level of infant mortality because of the irregularity ®Bohemia and Moravia represent approximately 50 percent wa and incompleteness of infant death registration. of the population of the original Czechoslovak Ri 2For 9 principal towns, namely: Cape Town, Port Eliza- Republic which included, in addition, Sudetenland, La beth, East London, Kimberley, Pietermaritzburg, Czecho-Silesia, Slovekic, and Subcarpathian Ruthenia 3 Durban, Pretoria, Johannesburg, and Bloemfontein. (Subcarpathia). German nationals are excluded begin- = | Excludes data for Province of Santa Fe. ning with 1938. ’ fied “Excludes data for Provinces of Santa Fe, Corrientes, and Santiago del Estero. SExcludes data for Provinces of Santa Fe and Corrientes. ®Excludes data for Province of Corrientes. "Data exclude, in addition to stillbirths, infants born alive but dying before registration of birth. ®For 6 months only. 9Excludes data for department of Pando. 1®Rio de Janeiro (D. F.) and State capitals. 1lpor 20 cities, excluding Maceid. 12por 11 months only. 13For 1937, data are for year ending July 31; for 1938- 1944, year ending June 30. ~ 33por 19 departments. 14por Panama City and Coldn. 347erritory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 15Computed on 1940 births. : 35Excludes Venezia Giulia and Zara. 1SFor Panama City only. 3%nless otherwise specified, data are for territory of \ +) 17Includes 25 biodemographic districts in which there are 1938, i.e.y including Klaipeda (Memel) and exclu established hospitals, health centers, dispensaries, ding Vilnius. 29fFstdnia, Latvia, and Lithuania became Soviet Socialist Wa Republics on Aug. 3, 1940. ric 30yor 87 departments only, excluding 3 departments which Hi comprise Alsace-Lorraine. N or 86 departments only, excluding Corsica and 3 departments which comprise Alsace~Lorraine. : 32pata are for Altreich, i. e., territory of 1937, in- cluding the Saar. Infant mortality rates for the Grossreich, including Austria, Sudetenland, Memel, DYES and Danzig, are as follows: 1939..... 63.0; od 1940..... 65,0; 194l..... 57.4; 1942..... 72.0; ine 194R..... #70.2. ) ; 31 Fi or health units under supervision of public health 37Excludes data for Klaipeda (Memel) and Vilnius; NM authorities. Klaipeda was annexed by Germany, Mar. 21, 1939. i Ea 18Tncludes stillbirths. 38For WJarthelandh comprising mainly the 3 Provinces of Si 19 pata are for a registration area which includes almost Lodz, Kalisz, and Posnan in western Poland. ior : 100 percent of total British territory and 76 percent 39Excludes data for Bessarabia and the northern half of 5 of India proper. 2%or 1939-1944, data are for Japanese only. 2lpxcludes data for Karafuto which became part of Japan Bukovina ceded to U.S.S.R., Aug. 2, 1940; and two on thirds of Transylvania ceded to Hungary, Aug. 30, Hn 1940; and one-third of Dobrudja ceded to Bulgaria, § ¥ proper, Apr. 1, 1943. 22pycludes data for Cocos—Keeling Islands. 29pata for "settled® population, excluding nomadic Beduins. 24Includes data for a few Sudeten districts. 25Excludes data for 41 communes of Eupen, Malmédy, and Moresnet not under Belgian administration. 28Unless otherwise specified, territory of 1939, defined by Treaty of Neuilly signed, Nov. 27, 1919. Source: Sept. 7, 1940. 40Tncludes data for Bessarabia and northern Bukovina, replaced under Rumanian administration in July 1941, but excludes Transylvania and Dobrudja (see note 39 above), “lpxcludes aboriginals. Based on deaths given in.table 18 and computed on live births from table 8. (Exclusive of stillbirths. are computed on total population. INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS cially in Latin America, Africa, and Asia) Rates are the number of deaths per 100,000 population. Unless otherwise specified, Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of the detailed International List of TABLE 20.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED AND DEATH RATES BY CAUSE: figures for countries engaged Australia 9 . Argentina (ex. aboriginals) Austria 25 Cause of death o = %G (Abridged List, 1938 revision) 1936 1043 1940 1938 Pe iy Number | Rate |Number®|Rate#’ |iumber®|Hate”|Number | Rate All CBUSES..ccencovecioenssaseasossnnssss |1650,149(1,195.2 74,486 (1,030.3 | 68,384|972.4| 94,755 (1,401.7 1|Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers....eesececsccees 1,2 960 7.6 46 0.6 28| 0.4 119 1.8 BI PLagtB.vieessserossonorinossssrsnrsssssarsnssnssnn B 12 0.1 - 0 - 0 - 0 BlScarlet feverssssocessvescsssssrerssnsnssnosssses'8 66 0.5 52 0,7 34| 0.5 85 1.3 A INOODANE COMElees vier serrronnns asics esansrvssrase Q 521 4.1 203 2.8 265| 3.8 38 0.6 SB IDIphtheriacessssessssssssssssenesnaseoes vs 30] 2,100 8.8 277 3.8 185] 2.8 733 10.8 6| Tuberculosis of the respiratory system... ees 13| 11,744 93.5] R,272 31.4| 2,339] 33.3| 5,904 87.3] 7|A11 other forms of tuberculosiSe.eeeeecsecesss 14-22] 2,009 16.7 268 3.7 R34| 3.3 794 1.74} BlMBlariaeesssssvsvsesrresesnsnsrsscecsssssrsavense 28 145 1.2 21 0.3 7] Qed - 0 SUSYPhili Besse sesesssecosssssvasasnionsrnservnsovee 50 1,168 9.3 444 8.1 522] 7.4 291 4.3 10|Influenzacesesscsoss ecessseccssessece 33 1,354 10.8 441 6.1 354 5,0 644 9.5 11 (SmallpoXeeeeesssss eosseenene 34 161 1.3 - 0 - 0 - 0 dD HCa8lO8 sceessvenssnivrsnsrsorasnivinenssssvoseey B55 R04 1.6 107 1.5 126| 1.8 6 0.1 I3 {TYPHUS LEVervecssesarsnsssssrssvsavssnsnessosnes 59 i 0.0 1R 0.2 77 0.1 1 0.0 14 |Other infectious or parasitic diseases.... 4-7,11,1%,23-27,29,31,52,36-38,40-44 | 3,511| 27.9 742] 10.3 530| 7.5| 1,682| 24.9 15 [Cancer and other malignant tumOrs....eeec.... 45-55 10,723 85.4] 8,870| 122.7| 6,214|116.8| 11,099| 164.2 16 [Nonmalignant tumors or tumors of unspecified NBLUPGeeecsescsescscsscasssssccsssasascssss 56,57 554 4.4 456 6.3 453| 6.4 lel Red 17 |Chronic rheumatism and goute.eecsesecesssssess 59,60 34 0.3 163 2.3 185; 2.6 7 0.4 18 Diabetes mellituS...oserssssvessenssnssnssereene BL 885 7.0] 1,504 20.8 1,R74| 18.1 712 10.5 19 [Chronic or acute zlcohOlisMeecsscssccsesesoesese 77 20 0.7] 67 0.9 86] 1.2 R3 0.3 20 |Avitaminoses, other general diseases, diseases of ; the blood, and chronic poisonings. 58,62-76,78,79| 1,361| 10.8 1,085| 14.7] 1,144| 16.3 785| 11.6 21 [Meningitis (nonmeningococcal) and diseases of the : NM EDENEL ICO dds conn vavisionissivaavenrnesys 81,820 (2.6011. "20.8 421 5.8 375) 5.3( (%) (2) 22 |Intracranial lesions of vascular origin......... 83] 5,751 45.8| 6,721 93.0] 5,785| 82.,3| 6,865| 101.6 23 [Other diseases of the nervous system and * SENSE OrEANS..ssesevssssevsavesesrsrssss 80,84-891 1.734] 13.8 914| 12.6 ToL] 11.2 0 700 (22a 2 24 [Diseases of the hearteecsscescscescescasasses 90-95] 23,403| 186.3 R1,237| R93.7| 17,455|248,2 | 20,075| 297.0 25 |Cther diseases of the circulatory system.... 96-103| 2,489 19.8| 1,974 R7.31::1,913}127,2¢ 3,161 46.8 B60 Bronchitiseceevescrersnsocsnnnss sanvsssssnrvessss 108 689 5.6 723 16.0 713| 10.1] 1,034 15.3 27 [Pneuronia and bronchopneumoniaecesessssesss 107-109] 14,562 115.9 4,270 56.1] 3,988] 56.7| 9,706| 143.6 28 |Other ‘diseases of the respiratory SYStemMasseresasaesierueiasasens 104,105,110-114 | 2,520) 20,1 950| 13.1) 1,046] 14.9| 2,144| 31.7 eesenssncn 1s, 120( 11,884 94.6 765 10.6 705] 10.0 713 10.5 APPendicitissccnsessssnsensonsaronsesessnenvese 121 359 2.9 384 5.3 450 6.4 R22 3.3 31 [Diseases of the liver and biliary passages. 124-127 1,877 14.9 780 10.8 781]. 11.11 "1,058 15.7 32 |Other diseases of the digestive SySteMecsssocscocssnssees 115-118,122,123,128,129| 3,274 R6.1] 1,660 23,0] 1,553] 22.1 2,458 36.4 33 ETI LETS Ns craves sonoma ry rostnsnrnrreer er 1500152 5,222 41.6 3,913 54,1| 3,865) 55.0] 1,412 20.9 34 |0ther diseases of the urinary and genital SYSLemBesessssscsssossccsecsssonssnssscsss 133-139 348 2.8] 1,269 17.6] 1,221] 17.4 788 11.7 35 [Puerperal infectioNeeecsssesssesecscssssess 140,147 608 4.8 208 2,9 R37] 3.4 39 0.6 36 |Other diseases of pregnancy, childbirth, ’ and the puerperiuMe...seceecsse. 141-146,148-150 463 2,7 289 4.0 278 4.0 43 0.8 37 |Diseases of the skin, cellular tissue, bones, and organs of movement..csessesossssscses 151=156 333 27 247 5.4 294| 4.2 166 R.5 38 |Congenital malformations and debility, premature birth, and diseases peculiar to the first year of life...ccccovecceces 157=161| 5,147 41,0 3,732] '51.8| 3,368| 47.9 3,357 49,7 39 [Senility, Old 8g€cececevcccccecenrsoccassasssns 162] 1,251 10.0] 2,888 39.9! 2,541] 36.1| 9,02 | 133.5 40 |Suicideesesesssscscscescestssececrsenceeses 163,164 828 646 516 761 743| 10.6| 2,983 44.1 4] |Homicid@eeeesoscssossssesssccsncscsescossses 165-168 413 3.3 75 1.0 99| 1.4 31 0.5 * 42 [Automobile accidents (all motor-driven road VSBI0LeS)esavisnsesassentnmrevanionssehenranve 270 763| 10.6 1,457| 20.7 43 [Other violent or accidental deaths (suicide, 7,395 58,9 2,153 31.8 homicide, and automobile accidents ; eXcepted)es secs coe ssssssvrrsarsosvess 168,171-198 2,522 34,9) 2,501] 35.6 44 |Causes of death ill-defined, unknown,or EIOOELE SE pie v's os L vere ern duns enidoe 199,200| 20,274| 161.4 255 3.5 238 3.4| 2,518 37.2 See footnotes on p. 188. GENERAL MORTALITY 43 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1940 AND LATEST AVAILABLE YEARS in the war (1939-1945) Include "war losses," 1. e., all deaths among armed forces and deaths of civilians from operations of war, and rates Causes of Death. \ Registration of deaths, as well as medlcal certification of cause, 1s often admittedly incomplete and inaccurate, espe- ia Brazil Canada (ex. Belgium (21 cities®) Bulgaria (towns) Yukon, H.W. T.) EN 3 T @ oO 1944 1940 19443 1940° 1944 1940 1944 ol 2 sn Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate [Mumber [Rate |Number | Rate® [|iumber® kate “|S a 151,188| 1,589.9| 133,718) 1,612.1] '121,893| 2,012.6 101,382|1,831.2|22,472| (*2)| 18,346|1,314.6] 116,052] 970.5 ; ’ 112 1.4 98 1.2 641 10.6 568] 10.3 20 (>? 35 2.5 hv BS a -— — -— — - 0 - 0 ~ (+?) - ol - op2 60 0.7 97 1.2 2 0.0 9 0.2 g:(*%) 94 6.7 115] 1.00% Bix 244 3.0 336 4,1 659 10.9 476 8.8 23-2 21 1.5 337 2.8] 4 593 748 403 4.9 338] | 5.6 377 6.8 119] (**) 91 645 309] 2.6] 5 5,462 66.2] 4,487 54.11 16,918) 279.3) lo. oon of 1,855 (P12) 1,911] 136.9 4,705 39.3 6 1,281 15.5] 1,233 14,9 740 12.2 ’ HL 493 (22 sos| #6.2] 1,019] e.5| 7 Le — 7 0.1 2,129 35.2] 2,204] 39.8 90| (+2 57 4.1 8) 0.1 8 170 2.1 220 2.7 2,887 47,7] 2,744] 49.6 65| (12) 75 5.4 809] 6.8 9 1,685 20.4 2,053 24.8 3,374 55.7] 2,398] 43.3 97| (*2)] 140| 10.0 1,864] 15.6|10 — -— — -— 34 0.6 10 0.2 ~}i(2 - 0 - of 11 63 0.8 229 2.8 882 14.6 514 9.3 42) (22 23 1.6 239 2.0[12 Sia el — Sos 18 0.3 32 0.6 41) (*%) 3 0.2 | [0.013 906 11.0 766 9.2 5,594 92.4] 5,274 95.3 237] (+3) 306 21.9 737 6.2(14 10,617] 128.7 9,948] 119.9 4,383 72.4| 3,535 63.9 1,197| (**) 1,188 85.1] 14,271] 119.3|15 637 7.7 775 9.3 338 5.6 380 6,9 65) (+ 91 8.5 418 3.5|16 598 TZ 738 8.9 134 2.2 332) 11 0.8 175] 1.5(17 1,143 13.9] 1,805 21.8 588 9.7 121) (2) 171] 12.3] 2,362 19.8/18 67 0.8 93 1.1 156 2.6|p 1,542 27,9 37/.(:%) 31 2.2 66| 0.619 804 9.7 683 8.2 1,198 19.8 115] G3) -a1s7; 11.2] 1,975] 16.5|20 816 9.9 901 10.9 517 8.5 75] (+2 77 5.5 559] 4.7|21 8,336] 101.0 8,126 98.0 2,141 35.4 1,552 (*#)| 1,521] 10%8.0[ 9,089] 76.0|22 3,827| 69.1 2,518 80.5] 3,419 41.2 1,307 21.6 24s) (*®)| 234] 16.8] 1,598 13.4|23 22,653 274.5] 22,402) 270.1 9,202 ih 12.380 223.5|{3,234| (*2)| 3,096 221.8) 29,148|245,8|24 3,197 38,7 3,266 39.4 6,563] 108.4 2 235 =) 179] 12.8] 2,598] 21.7|25 2,758 33.4] 2,924 35.3 804 13.3 60| (1°) 107 7.7 431] 3.6(26 6,428 77.9] 7,465 90.0 9,603] 158.6 9,908 178.9 2,399 (*)| 2,512] 180.0] 5,940] 49.7|27 4,188 50.8] 4,647 56.0 1,622 26.8 287| (*7)| 318) 22.8] 1,107] 9.3|28 1,359 16.5] 1,356 16.3] 21,457] 354.3 463 (*%)| 448] 32.1 2,695] 22.5|29 471 5.7 516 6.2 324 5.3 ssl C2) 117 8.4 809| 6.830 1,598 19.4] 1,613 19.4 2,082 34.4|3 19,970 ' 360.7|¢ 141| (*®)] 160] 11.5] 1,201] 10.031 3,761 45.8 3,558 42,9 1,985 32.8 420) (*®)| 430{ 30.8] 2,543 21.3|32 2,660) 32.2] 2,698 2.5 6,301] 104.0 395 (*2)] 303] 21.7] 7,124] 59.6|33 8,685] 120.7 ; 1,160 14.1 1,283 15.5 1,445 23.9 149) (*2)| 199 14.3 1,753] 14.7|34 154 1.9 124 1.5 357 5.9 461 8.3 55) (*2) 61 4.4 265 2.235 306 3.7 299 3.6 573 9.5 515 9.3 36] (12) 38 2.7 s11] 4.3(38 637 77, 591 7.1 602 9.9 522 9.4 94| (*2) 50 3.6] 204] 2.5|37 2,513 30.5 2,315 27.9 4,542 75.0] 3,633] 65.6] 1,240( (*2)| 1,036| 74.2] 8,659 72.4|38 11,900| 144.2| 13,991 168.7 688 11.4 583] 10.5] 1,586) (*2)| 1,335| 95.7 1,690 14.1|39 1,019 12.3 1,519 18.3 651 10.7 3381 (2) | “280| 18.6 731] 6.1/40 1,852 22.4 155 1.9 326 5.4 225( (22) 73 5.2 108 0.9(41 850 10.3] 499 8.2|) 3,590 64.8 152 (*2) sR 2.8 1,374 11.5/42 4,130 49.8 3,977, 48.2 1,959 32.3 3,190] (*®)| 367 26.3] 5,477| 45.8[43 182],685 5262.2 1322,449| 5270.6 5,248 86.7| 4,157] 75.1| 1,220 (*2)| .483| 34.6 808| 6.8(44 176 : INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 20.—NUEMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED AND DEATH RATES BY CAUSE: ‘ a (Exclusive of stillbirths. Rates are the number of deaths per 100,000 population. Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged are computed on total population, Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of the detalled International List of clally in Latin America, Africa, and Asia) E wd Canada—Con. Chile Colombia BE oS Cause of death ' Rn (Abridged List, 1938 revision) 1940% 1942 1940 : 1940 Ly = Wunber® Rate | Number | Rate |Mumber | Rate |itumber | Rate All CBUSES.sesecsrrecsanssronssncannesss| 110,927 976,1|104,122| 2,015.9 107,771|2,145.3|137,786| 1,504.0 : 1|Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers..eececececesesssse 1,2 R24 2.0 627 12.1 868 17.3 2,503 R7.3 2 |PlagUeeccsscscecacsrcecsscsecsacessesssnnrosnases 3 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 BlScarlet feversecsscsssevestssoscsssrsssvevscsssee 8 125 1.1 30 0.6 51 1.0 10 0.1 417hooping Coughessssessvssnssssssssssssssssssesssvs 628[ 5.5 582 1.3 2,191 43.8) 2,312 25.2 S|Diphtheriacssscececessssececssssersnssssssvsssss 10 213] 1.9 R33 4.5 149 3.0 217 2.4 . 6|Tuberculosis of the respiratory systeMeccesceees 13 1,643 40.9] 11,416] 221.0 11,430| R27,5| 3,375 36.8 7 (All other forms of tuberculoSiS...eeceeeecece. 14=R2| 1,148 10.1] 1,794 34.7 1,637 32.6 764 8.3 Vi BiMalariseeesscesscsssscescsncssessescacessosesse 28 sl 0.0 15 0.3 20 0.4 4,817 52.6 oh 9 ®sceseccsecsssssesesccsess OO 746] 6.6 963 18.6| 1,230 24.5 708 7.7 10[INFlUeNZAseesccess soosssesssscssesnssccaseancses 33 2,789 24.5 3,265 63.2] 5,412 107.7 °85 3,1 11 1SMallDOXeessessssvssesnsssessnessisnsvassvnssves 34 - 0 - 0 - 0 168 1.8 " 12|Meas1leSeseesssvsersressssstrrecossncssssssessese 35 168) 1.5 777 15.0 522 10.4 393 4.3 5 #13 |TYPIUS feVereses cas sscostssrsnessssrosocssnsases 39 = 0 79 1.5 87 1.9 34 0.4 14 |Other infectious or parasitic . diseases.... 4-7,11,12,23-27,29,31,32,36-38,40-44 637] 5.6] 2,024| 39.2 1,189] 23.7| 8,551] 93.3 My 15 |Cancer and other malignant tumors..e..eeeso.. 45-55 13,322] 117.2| 3,725 7R.1| 3,503 69.7] 2,372 25,9 bis 16 |Nonmalignant tumors or tumors of unspecified Be NALUTCeceecestssvnsoesensssssssasssssessace 56,67 748| 6.6 130 2.5 130 2.6 749 8.2 17 |Chronic rheumatism and gout..ecececeecccvosses 59,60 102 0.9 104 2.0 86 1.7 808 8.8 18 [Diabetes mellituSececcecencoccesssssscencsaacees 61] 1,787] 15.7 R09 4,0 216 4.5 209 R.3 g 19 (Chronic or acute alcoholismMeesscecscccesveveccess 77 150 1.3 122 Re4 110 R.2 70 0.8 20 |Avitaminoses, other general diseases, diseases of the blood, and chronic poisonings. 58,82-76,78,79| 2,568] 22.6 1,140| 22,1 1,028] 20.5| 3,949 43.1 . 21|Meningitis (nonmeningococcal) and diseases of the 8pinal Cordecvscssccssossesrcncseessecseens 81,82 820% #545 3,745 72.5] 4,249 84,6] 1,299 . 22 |Intracranial lesions of vascular origin......... 83] 2,296] 20.2| 2,278 44.1] 2,132 42.4 1,349 14.7 23 |Other diseases of the nervous system and BENSE OTEBNB. as s.0s ser vesesrersnnsonenns 80,0489] ‘21,0710 17.3 846] 16.4 704| 14.0| 1,150] 12.8 24 Diseases of the heart.icececeereecessseneseess 90-95| 20,278/178.4| 9,306] 180.2| 8,677 172.7 4,094 44,7 25 |Other diseases of the circulatory system.... 96-103| 12,255(107.8| 1,110 21.5 994 19.8 1,223 13,3 = © n ET 26 IBronchitiSes ess ccccssssasassscccvscsssnecssessse 106 331] 2.9 267 , 5.2 312 6.2| 4,860 53.0 27 Pneumonia and bronchopneumonia.sseceessess. 107-109 6,132] 54,0| 19,603| 379,5| 19,802| 394,2| 11,265 123.0 28 |Other diseases of the respiratory BYSteMeesscessscsvocacosssasssssss 104,105,110-114| 1,577| 13.9 695 13.5 720 14.3 987 10.8 29 Diarrhea and enteritis..cesecesscvocsacesss 119,120! 1,891 16.6{ 9,614| 186.1] 9,667] 192.4] 12,316] 134.4 30 [AppendicitiSeeceecsrecccnceseccccoseccsessaseee 1%] 1,103] 9.7 144 2.8 158 3.1 177 1.9 ~ 31 |Diseases of the liver and biliary passages. 124-127 1,458| 12.8) 1,451 28.1] 1,534 30.5| 2,583 28.2 , 32 |O0ther diseases of the digestive ; SySteM.ceesesecesecensess 115-118,122,123,128,129| R,931| 25.8 1,577 30.5 1,558 31.0] 5,148 56.2 BBB INEDHIItiS ys vervs sever ssasrnsnnsssvsrneraves 150-1321 -6,835( 80.1] 1,726 33.4| 1,674 33.3] 3,499 38.2 34 [Other diseases of the urinary and genital BYBLeMSescesscsesesssscscssessssesencsses 133-139] 2,205] 20,2 667 12.9 690 13.7 805 8.8 35 |Puerperal infectioNeseeeccosccescccnancessss 140,147 R68| 2.4 652 12.6 711 14.2 564 6.2 36 |O0ther diseases of pregnancy, childbirth, ( and the puerperiumececcececs oe.ss 141-146,148-150 710] 6.° 551 10.7 645 12.8| 1,634 17.8 ~~ 37|Diseases of the skin, cellular tissue, bones, ’ and -organs of movemenNteesessscecsscscssese 151-156 424 3.7 188 3.6 182 3.6 432 4,7 38 |Congenital malformations and debility, premature birth, and diseases peculiar to the first year of lif€eecescessceceses 157-161 7,944] 69 3915enility, 01d 8g€eesesessesccscesscsscnscrecsss 168] 1,555) 13 40 [Suicidesssesscessssocssscscosessesssccssees 163,164 948 8, 41 [Homicid@ee ees evo eo ssnsscensscsscessescensss 165-168 148) 1 42 | Automobile accidents (all motor-driven road 9| 10,343 200.3| 11,041| 219.8| 17,421 190.2 .7| 2,426] 47.0] 2,390| 47.6] 8,690] 94.9 3 150 2.9 235 4.7 433 4.7 3 5.7 791 15.3 788 1s. 1,277 13.9 VehicleS)eveersensssvssssovnsssssvesasenssess 170 51 1.0 87 1.3 327 3.6 43 |0ther violent or accidental deaths (suicide, 6,322 55.6 x homicide, and automobile accidents @X0EDLEA) ws 'os cna cusses vssncrisessese 168,171-190 2,998 58.0] 2,933] 58.4] 2,976] 32.5 ¥ 44 |Causes of death ill-defined, unknown, or unspecified. svesvrccsscersssesveessosneee 199,200] © .634] 5.6] 5,710] 110.6{ 6,059] 120.2] 20,985] 2R9.1 See footnotes on p. 188. GENERAL MORTALITY 43° SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1940 AND LATEST AVAILABLE YEARS—Continued 177 in the war (1939-1945) include "war losses," 1. e., all deaths among armed forces and deaths of civilians from operations of war, and rates Causes of Death. Registration of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, 1s often admittedly incomplete and inaccurate, espe- 3 Cenmark Egypt (Health Costa Rica Czechoslovakia (ex. Faroe Is.) Butesu areas) iis 6 a 92 1942 1840 1942 1937 1944 19407 1943% 2s ~ ® \ 2 Number | Rate [Number | Rate [Number | Rate [Number | Rate [Number | Rate |Number | Rate [Number | Rate |=" 15,559/1,972.6| 11,211/1,708.7| 99,703|1,348.7|202,358|1,327.9| 41,106|1,028.2| 39,730|1,033.5|205,548| 3,628.0 75] 10.9 64 9.8 195 2.6 962 6.3 6 0.2 6 0.2 728] 12.8] 1 - 0 - 0 a 0 - 0 0 - 0 109 1.9] 2 6 0.9 1 0.2 485 6.6 494 3.2 70 1.8 31 0.8 2 0.0] 3 89 12.9 a78| 72.5 182 2.5 566 3.7 99 2.5 105 2.7 115 2.0] 4 47 6.8 38 5.8) 1,494 20.2] 2,362 15.5 255 6.4 44 1.1] 1,203] 22.8] 5 473 68.8 445| 67.8) 10,033| 135.7| 16,800 110.2| 1,056 26.4] 1,121| 20.2] 3,513] 62.0] 8 38 5.5 32 4.9| 1,100] 14.9] 2,096 13.8 273 6.8 236 6.1 57517 ~Jo.a] 7 1,223] 177.9 917| 139.8 3 0.0 21 0.1 2 0.1 3 0.0| 2,360] 41.7| 8 151 22.0 95| 14.5 901| 12.2| 1,558] 10.2 192 4.8 172 4.5 381 6.7) 9 e8| 14.3 41 8.2 276 3.7] 1,764] 11.6 231 5.8 593 15.4 1%6 2.4] 10 1 0.1 - 0 = 0 = 0 - 0 - 0 215 3.8] 11 867 126.1 - 0 84 1.1 605 4.0 23 0.6 29 0.8 90s 16,0] 12 = 0 1 0.2 - 0 3 0.0 = 0 - 0] 5,200] 91.8] 13 1,430, 208.0( 1,251] 190.7 1,032 14.0 2,126] 14.0 765) 19.1 361 9.4| =2,154| 38.0] 14 411) 59.8 412| 62.8] 11,133| 150.6| 18,925 124.2| 6,263| 156.7| 5,668 147.4] 1,208] 22.9] 15 25 3.6 19 2.9 594 8.0] 1,002 6.6 445| 11.1 553| 14.4 115 2.0] 18 49 Tel 59 9.0 201 2.7 448 2.9 197 4.9 90 2.3 263 4.6] 17 26 3.8 27 4.1 905| 12.2 1,870 12.3 720| 18.0 901 23.4 847 14.9] 18 10 1.5 n 17 18 0.2 129 0.8 49 1g 45 32 7 0.1] 19 518] 75.4 a7. 72.7 924| 12.5| .1,922| 12.6 735| 18.4 722| 18.8| 6,208] 109.8] 20 99| 14.4 91| 13.9 496 6.7| (*2) ¢3%) 190 4.8 118 3.1 118 2.12 181 26.3 159| ®24.2| 5,373] 72,7| 10,989] 72.1| 1,616| 40.4| 1,546] 40.2] 3,203] 56.5| 22 321| 46.7 342| 52.1| 1,683| =22.50%5,512| *s6.2| 1,%52| 31.3 1,730| 45.0 710] 12.5| 23 478| 69.5 500| 76.2 19,916| 269.4| 30,919] 202.9| 6,586| 164.7| 6,858) 178.4| 4,682| 82.6] 24 261| 38.0 283 43.1 2,998 40.5| 5,695 37.4 3,198| 80.0| 3,408| 88.7] 1,615 28.5] 25 672| 97.8 532| 81.1] 1,138] 15.4| 2,818] 18.5 532 13.3 710| 18.5| 16,027| 282.2| 26 806| 117.3 724| 110.3| 9,241| 125.0| 19,564| 128.4| 2,183| 54.68| 2,342| 60.9 8,149] 143.8| 27 s 95] 13.8 96| 14.6] 1,941| 26.3] 4,948 32.5 525 13.1 412 10.7| 2,913| 51.4] 28 2,604| 378.8 1,853| 282.4 2,471| 33.4] 6,804] 45.2 534 13.4 323 8.4| 72,110(1,272.8| 29 10(> 1.5 13 2.0 375 5.1 974 6.4 283 7. 239 6.2 218 3.8| 30 256) 37.2 2a7| 33.1] 1,077 14.6] 1,853] 12.8 733| 18.3 388| 10.1 1,054 18.6] 31 511| 74.3 421 64.2] 2,357| 351.9| 4,080 26.8| 1,049 26.2| 1,030] 26.8] 1,024| 18.1] 32 368| 53.5 305| 46.5 1,897| 25.7| 3,622 23.8 514| 12.9 s1s| 13.4 6,747| 119.1] 33 83| 12.1 19| 18.1 1,003 13.6] 1,826] 12.0| 1,%89| 32.2 1,232] 3R.0| 1,590] 28.1| 34 44 6.4 750 11.1 191 2.6 623 4.1 50 1.3 45 1.2 165 2.9 35 99| 14.4 83| 12.6 174 2.4 508 3.3 109 2.7 124 3.2 779| 13.7| 36 36 5.2 20 3.0 723 9.8 1,667| 10.9 294 7.4 430] 11.2| 1,245| 22.0] 37 5 / 397| 57.8 332| s50.6| 4,681 63.3 11,803] 78.0 2,356| 58.9| 1,892] 49.2| 17,395 307.0| 38 140 20.4 153| 23.3| 6,476| 87.6) 23,043| 151.2| 2,695| 67.4| 2,923] 76.0| 23,692 418.2| 39 8 1.2 30 4,6] 1,654 22.4] 4,155] 27.3 889| 22.2 682 17.7 24 0.4| 40 9 1.3 26 4.0 37 0.5 325 2.1 37 0.9 16 0.4 902 15.9] 41 4 0.6 6 0.9 120 1.6 160 4,0 136 3.5 980 17.3] 42 A 5,078| 33,2 286| 41.6 253| 38.6 3,669 49.8 1,919| 48.0| 1,182] 30.7 5,596| 98.8] 43 254 37.0 214| 32.6 474 6.4 1,618] 10.6 732 18.3 771 20.1] 8,186) 144.5] 44 Yt ERI Shr Wi ES T PI Kk! vy7m eh INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS ait ah ; TABLE 20.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED AND DEATH RATES BY CAUSE: By (Exclusive of stillbirths. Rates are the number of deaths per 100,000 population. Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged Way 1 are computed on total population. Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of the detailed International List of Bees cially in Latin America, Africa, and Asia) » I - Egypt—Con. El Salvador Baglend sae 02 Cause of death To (Abridged List, 1938 revision) 1940 1943 1940 1941 Soy . bi hs Number | Rate [Number | Rate [Number | Rate |Number | Rate yeh oh All CaUSESeeecreeciettcertaonnaanssanesss|155,954]3,034,1 38,366(2,023,3( 31,242 1,747.4 (524,434 (1,353.6 Bb Eig 1{Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers...ecescescessess 1,2 769 15.0 52 2.7 60 3.4 146 0.4 R EL BEtO Rene sss sien vs rmisonons senso 3 92 1.8 - Of - 0 - 0 / DB Soarlet: fevers cuss sonics rissssvenesensainenserie 8 1 0.0 3 0.2 4 0.2 131 0.3 BINOOPINE COUBRL see sets seieses sensors isnsiainnnne D 73 1.4] 912 48.1 547 30.6] 2,383 6.2 bi SI DIPNLNEriB.essvsncsnssnsasssssssnnsasenvsveniesss 10 868 16.9 43 23 40 R.2| ‘2,602 68.8 i 6| Tuberculosis of the respiratory system.......... 13] 2,290 44.6 782 41.2 640) 35.8| 23,339 60.2 7{All other forms of tuberculosis.....cceceee.. 14-22 436 8.5 40 2.1 58 3.2] 4,934 12.7 BlMalarigessssesssssnsssnsinvscosvirsssrsieseninene RB 48 0.9 4,646| 245,0| 3,325] 186.0 18 0,0 0 iSYPNiliSesesesssssnsssessevvsassesnessenencesses 30 426 8.3 R05 10.8 238 13.3] 35,114 8.0 BO INE INENTZE esses snnivssnnnvsnrsenneseeenesoiesite 55 117 R.3 431 22.7 455 5.4 6,866 7.7 BL) ISMalIDOXeesssesssssssonersssnsinsvsvoreveneeeessidd 1 0.0 1 0.1 1 0.1 - 0 12 | Measles ers sursenianseonnos veveesneess 85] 1,980] 37.5] 1,804] es.1f 1,267 v0.9] 1,142 2.9 1B31TYPHUS LeVEresasecssvsostossrsrsrssnssosearecees 39 282 5.5 - 0 R 0.1 1 0.0 i 14 (Other infectious or parasitic x : A diseases.... 4-7,11,12,23-27,29,31,32,36-38,40-44| 1,749] 34.0 1,556 82,1] 1,618] 90.5 4,911 12.7 15 |Cancer and other malignant tumors.eeceeess..o 45-55 1,193 R342 345 18.2 230 12.9| 68,974 178.0 16 |Nonmalignant tumors or tumors of unspecified ods NBLUrCeevecscecrcctssesssssasesssascesssres 56,57 65 1.3 66 3.5 77 4.3] 2,196 S.7 ad 17 [Chronic rheumatism and gouteeecesecseesssssss 59,60 122 2.4 342 18,0 1% 0.7 1,863 4.8 18iDiasbetes Me1lituSscsveeocersnsnsrssvsesssinneses Bl 834 16.2 42 R.2 28 1.6( 4,854 12.5 : 19|Chronic or acute alcoholiSmescessscecsscscsccess 77 4 0.1 60 8.2 39 R.2 112 0.3 20 [Avitaminoses, other general diseases, diseases of the blood, and chronic poisonings. 58,62-76,78,79| 4,465 86.9 279 14.7 514 28.7 7,” 18.8 21 [Meningitis {nonmeningocosdsl) and dserres of the : SPINELICOrte serosa vsnnsrarrensenrvessvenves BL, 82 15 2.2] 139 7.3 HH | ¢®) 1,685 4.3 i 22 |Intrecranial lesions of vascular originee....... 83 2,919 56.8 R15 11.3 141 7.9] 48,109] 124.2 ES R3 |Other diseases of the nervous system and BE BENS ONEBNB.ceverssessnssnssssovsrnsens B0,84-80 611] 11.9] 242] 12.8] 1%e07| 2*33.e| 7,374] 19.0 : 24 |Diseases of the heart.seecesccceceecsccsessss 90-95 4,011 78.0 595 31.4 389 21.8|121,848| 314.5 25 [Other diseases of the circulatory system.... 96-103] 1,051 20.4 83 4.4 154 8.6 14,248 36.8 26 |Bronchitiseccecsecceeccecncccssesescnssensesses 106] 12,292] 239.1 1,866 66.8) 1,096 61.3] 34,020 87.8 27 Pneumonia and bronchopneumonia...seess...ss 107-109| 10,700| 208.2| 1,822| 96.1| 1,674| 95.6] 26,286| 67.8 28 |Other diseeses of the respiratoc.y Systemesesesscscosccoccsssenssess 104,105,110-114| 2,060 40.1 216 11.4 159 8.9] 6,371 18.4 28 [Diarrhea and enteritiSesceceececsscsescsess 119,120] 54,513|1,0680,5| 4,923| 259.6 4,542| R254.0| 4,638 12.0 BO lApPendicitisescsccsscasnsscnscrsesrecosvavesnse 121 191 3.7 R2 1.2 12 0.7 1,873 4.8 31 [Diseases of the liver and biliary passages. 124-127 778 15.1 307 16.2 254 14.2] 3,204 8,3 32 |other diseases of the digestive BySteMesceesssccscsssesss 115-118,122,123, 128, 129 1,0%8 1.4] 1,930| 101.8 892 49,9 13,001 33.6 ; 33 OPI E EL Eves vo van shir vensna sb soma atre 130-132 4,816 93.7 361 19.0 252 14.1| 14,231 36.7 Bs ‘34 |0ther diseases of the urinery and genital Pity \ | SystemS.ccecescccccccccscsscssecsasenssss 133-139 1,213 R3.6 124 6.5 107 6.0| 8,503 21.9 TR 35 [Puerperal infectioNeseseeesescscsscseacsess 140,147 216 4.2 89 4.7 94 5.3 499 1.3 3 36 |Other diseases of pregnancy, childbirth, Ii and the puerperiumeicececcecossss 141-146,148-150 692 13.5 R33 12,3 R35]. 13.1] 1,178 3.0 EA 37 |Diseases of the skin, cellular tissue, bones, ‘ and organs of movement..eccoecssscecessees 151-156] 1,161 22.6 73 3.8 42 2.3 1,990 S.1 Thais 38 |Congenital malformations and debility, i premature birth, and diseases peculiar - “5 to the first year of lif@ccecccceccosssse 167-161] 13,552] 263,7| 1,878 99.0| 1,272 71.1| 18,385 47,5 39 Senility, Old 8ECececsscssscoesscssreosesessses 1621 15,9791 310.9 413 R1.8 R96 16.6| 17,782 45.9 40 [Suicidececesereosssreressceteesssesncesseee 163,164 49 1.0 32 1.7 18 1.0] 3,657 9.4 i¥ 4] (Homicid@esesesssensseeseassescsesasesnesses 165-168 993] ° 19.3 484 25.5 297 16.6 181 0.5 it 42 [Automobile accidents (all motor-driven road be BN IWENIC108 cetunsivrive iid snsassrisionnsasnnnes 20| "> aun 9.6 7 0.4 6,392] 16.5 Bi 43 [other violent or accidental deaths (suicide, as 23.8 homicide, and autamobile accidents . €XCODLEl Yu nuraosoressssusnessnsnnenes 169,171-108] 5 4,278] 85.21 2001 15.3 33,129] 85.5 44 |Causes of death ill-defined, unknown, or unspecifiedescscecccssscesceosscasssnssss 199,2000 6,408] 124,7|11,012| 580.8) 9,129] 510.6 972 2.5 See footnotes on p. 188. TRE TET oT APIO wy PRD RENTS ad i! AX y 4 1 GENERAL MORTALITY 43 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1940 AND LATEST AVAILABLE YEARS~—Continued in the war (1839-1945) include "war losses,® 1. e., all deaths among armed forces and deaths of civilians from operations of war, and rates Causes of Death. Registration of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, 1s often admittedly incomplete and inaccurate, espe— England and 17 2 418 a Vatett-~~00n. Estonia Finland France Germany ah - 4 ® 0 ho , 1940 1937% 1940 1942 1940 19396 1° 193g 2° Pe 0 " Ot Number | Rate [Number | Rete | Number | Rate |Number® |Rate” |Number® |Rate” | Number® | Rate |Number | Rate [<9 572,644|1435.6|16,614|1469.4| 73,696 1,895.9 635,806|1686.5| 735,900|1886.9|1,003,570|1,264.3| 799,220(1,168.0 ¢ 127 0.3 73 8.5 153 3.9 1,497 4.0 1,010 2.6 792 1.0 509 0.71 = of - - of el —— - 0 - 0 - 0 - of 2 152 0.4 44 3.9 114 2.9 114 0.3 109 0.3 1,531 1.9 1,048 1.5] 3 678 1.7 101 8.9 453 11.7 853 2.3 811 R.1 2,709 3.4 R,591 3.8] 4 2,466) 6.2] 122] 10.8 433 11.1] 2,186] 5.8] 1,526] 3.9 9,138] 11.5| 8,59 9.6/ 5 23,470| 58.8| 1,633 144.4| 6,710] 172.6 48,280| 1%8.1| 45,467| 116.6| 43,976 55.4| 36,476 53.3 6 4,401] 11.0 185| 16.4 1,132 29.1 9,682 ¢ 26.7 7,853] 20.1 7,R19 9.1 6,221 9.117 44 0.1 - 0) - 0 58 0.2 80 0.2 41 0.1 28 0.0| 8 3,198 8.0 117| 10.3 R34 6.0 R,R50 6.0 2,073 5.3 5,986 7.5 5,121 7.5] 9 11,420] 28.6 186 16.5 916 R3.6 1,798 4.81 11,576 29.7 22,253 28.0 9,574 14.0{10 - 0 3 0.3 - 0 6 0.0 1 0.0 - 0 - 0]11 855 2.1 i | 1.0 152 5.9 354 0.9 439 1.1 1,974 R.5 1,497 R.R|1R - 0 - 0 3 0.0 39 0.1 10 0.0 - 0 - 0113 5,230 13.1] 204| 18.0] 1,08] 28.2] 5,659| 15.0| 5,450| 14.0| 11,342] 14.3] 7,786] 11.3|14 68,740 172.3| 1,3R5| 117.2 3,951| 101.6] 56,350| 149.5| 51,977| 133.3| 118,427| 149.2 | 100,546| 146.915 2,252 5.6 197 (17.4 280 7.2 3,860| 10.2 5,960] 10.2 7,%22 g.1 6,609 9.716 1,960 4,9 55 4,9 3 0.1 545 1.4 550 1.4 2,179 R.7 2,005 R.9|17 5,346| 13.4 78 6.9 377 9.7 4,124| 10.9 5,767] 14.8 14,590 18.4| 12,456 18.2{18 144 0.4 19 1.7 25 0.6 603 1.6 1,298 3¢3 5981 0.8 411 0.619 7,475] 18.7] 108 9.1 550 14.1 7,158 19.0| 4,302| 11.0| 13,303 16.8| 11,224| 16.4|20 1,824( 4.60.32) (2%) 181 4.70 (RR) iE (Re) f(a) f(a (22) (39). | ae) yey 51,624| 129.4 957| 84.6 2,996 77.1] 65,711] 174,3| 69,153| 177.3 82,807| 104.3| 69,393] 101.4(22 7,565) 19.0| *659|%58.3 867| 22.3|1%13,972|1%87.1|2415,707 | 440.3 *24,064| 130.3 |1219,010| 1427.8(25 136,%60| 341.6| 1,861 | 164.6 10,836 278.8| 0,806 240.9| 88,670] 227.4| 145,054| 182.7| 110,166] 161.0(24 15,700 39.4| 307] 27.2 ’ 14,746| 39.1| 16,150 41.4| 40,546| 51.1| 33,534 49.0|25 46,225 115.9 73 6.5 132 3.4 4,001| 10.6 6,519| 16.7 13,240 18.7 8,977 14.6(26 29,007| 72.7| 922] 81.5] 3,544] 91.2| 30,917| 82.0| 38,111| 97.7| 77,182 97.2| 57,643] 84.2|27 8,583] Rl.5 303| R6.8 504 13.0] 38,799| 102,9| 48,557| 124.5 23,149 9,2 | 17,247 R5.2|28 4,415] 11.1 319! 28,2 1,252 32.8 9,50 | 25.2] 12,505] 32.1 16,679 1.0] 12,589] 18.4|29 2,378 6.0 72 S.4 199 5.1 1,048 R.8 1,127 R.9 5,622 7.1 5,418 7.9|30 3,515] 8.8] 167| 14.8 208 5.4 7,501 20.1| 11,989 30.7| 14,811| 18.7) 13,100 19.131 13,331| 33.4 409| 36.2 940 R4.2| 16,489| 43.7 13,352| 34.2 26,164 33.0] 21,324 31.2|32 15,426 38.7 165] 14.6 659] 17.0 ®7,270| 72.3| =24,559| 63.0] 13,681 17.2| 12,224] 17.933 8,648 21.7| =208| 18.4 328 8.4| 6,041| 16.6| 6,690 17.2 17,585| 22.2| 15,300 22.4|34 498 1.2 14 1.2 143 3.7 264 0.7 308 0.8 1,687 2.1 1,514 R.2|35 1,142 R.9 30 2.7 171 4.4 633 1.7 668 1.7 3,957 5.0 3,420 5.0| 36 R,041 5.1 83 7.3 R03 5.2 1,524 4.0 1,353 3.5 6,047 7.6 5,326 7.8| 37 19,015| 47.7 437| 38.7 2,180 58.1 12,614] 33.5| 13,060] 33.5 49,463 62.,3| 41,426 60.5| 38 19,232| 48.2| 3,236| R86. 6,998 180.0| 60,595| 160.7 | 75,454] 193.5 89,992 113.4| 67,799 99.139 4,517] 11.3 R60| 23.0 774 19.9 4,833] 12.8 7,297; 18.7 22,278 28,1] 19,415 28.4|40 po 170 0.4 43 3.8 152 3.9 R76 0.7 384 1.0 745 : 0.9 711 1.0 41 3 6,018 15.1 AN 42 514| 45.5 220,750 533.8] R1,173| 56.2| 38,371] 98.4 41,390) 52.1 34,218 50.0 36,500) 91.5 . es 1,052] 2.6] 1,119] 99.0| *°3,097| 1279,7| 61,385| 162.8] 101,657 260.7| 24,147 30.4| 17,796| . 26.0|44 EA REET REESE, oe ¥osRed CE EEE LP nS ea (Exc are computed on total population. ci TRIE RE ra INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS ally in Latin America, Africa, and Asla) TABLE 20.,—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED AND DEATH RATES BY CAUSE: lusive of stillbirths. Rates are the number of deaths per 100,000 population. Unless otherwise specified, Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of the detailed International List of figures for countries engaged } ° Greece Guatemala Hungary d= Cause of death = ; ne (Abridged List, 1938 revision) 1938 1943 * 1941%° 1940°* : Eel i Number | Rate- | Number | Rate [Number | Rate* [Number |Rate* All CaUBES.eesrsacscccssanseranencnesss| 93,766/1,319.0 094,052 ?,146.0|192,908|1,409.5|160,109 1,451.7 I 1 |Typhoid and paratyphoid feverse.eesecesescese 1,2 1,073 15.1 407 11.8 541 4,0 442 4.0 CI PIagUOs se sesescacssosrasesrssiassnse seederse 3 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 5 Scart feVeressses cai crsorvrnsrarsssnsnvansvee B 64 0.9 108 3.1 159 1.2 87 0.8 i 4 [Whooping COUgheceeseserereerrrorsescosscssecsss 9 1,008 14,2 4,401 127.5 688 5.0 504 4.6 o SDIphtheriacessessescsrssvisnnresnsvsvesnsvnass 10 292 4,1 48 1.3 295 Re2 318 2.9 6 |Tuberculosis of the respiratory system........ 13| 6,593 92,7 1,238 35.9( 17,607| 128.6| 13,089| 118.7 © 7{All other forms of tuberculosiS..eeeeocesss 14-22| 1,637 23.0 148 4.3] 2,927 21.4 2,450 22,2 8 Malari@eeccesescsesccssecsecessssseccescesssenss 28 2,822 39.7| 13,528 392.0 33 0.2 21 0.2 IO ISYPNLLiBesseacesscscsnrssssnsrosvessovesnesses 30 181 2.5 32 0.9| 1,361 9.9] 1,212 11.0 10|Influenzacececcsscesossccosscscscasscncscssces 33] 3,380 47.5 2,641 76.5] 1,351 9.9 1,162 10.5 1] ISMALIDOXess sssssssisssscs sesmssrnnovsvisnsvecee D4 8 0.1 67 1.9 - 0 - 0 12 MeaBleSeceesvsssssssessrassnscevsssvsnssaseney 3B 362 5.1 7,524| 218.0 411 3,0 20% 1.8 IB | TYPIUS £EVOrscesesesscssvevsesssocscsvsnsssnnes’ B59 6 0.1 393 11.4 37 0.3 4 0.0 14 [Other infectious or parasitic : diseases.,. 4-7,11,12,R3-27,29,31,32,36-38,40-44| 3,538 49.8 8,679] 251.5| 2,156 15.8| 2,477 22,5 } 15 |Cancer and other malignant tumors.......... 45=55| 3,718 52.3 394 11.4| 13,286 97.1( 11,168| 101.3 ~~ 16 |Nonmalignant tumors or tumors of unspecified NALUrE eeecvocscocecrscescosscnscnsnsssee 56,57 280 3.9 157 4.5 936 6.8 756 6.9 17 |Chronic rheumatism and goute..e. sessese 59,60 134 1.9 624 18.1 195 1.4 85 0.8 18 [Diabetes mellituSicecsecccocsces sseseceeee OL 349 4.9 23 0.7 8ll 5.9 761 6.9 19 [Chronic or acute alcoholisMeceecsccociosscsves 77 36 0.5 118 3.4 148 1.1 152 1.4 i 20 |Avitaminoses, other general diseases, diseases of \ | the blood,and chronic poisonings.58,62-76,78,79 801 11.3 1,049 30,4 1,311 9.6] 1,242 11.3 21 [Meningitis (nommeningococcal) and diseases of the § | Spinal Corde ec sve rervavaenmvensancssnnene 81,82] (38) (13) 211 6.1| 1,455 10.6| 1,408 12.7 22 [Intracranial lesions of vascular origin....... 83| 4,646 65.4 404 11.7] 9,257 67.6] 8,841 80.2 23 [Other diseases of the nervous system and SENSE OPGANS.escesessscsvcrsscseasenes 80,84-89|%1,908| 1426.8 516] 15.0 4,033 29.5| 3,465| 31.4 24 Diseases of the heartesescessreccccecacssss 90-95] 4,701 66,1 681 19.7 | 24,440| 178.6| 24,351 | 220.8 25 [Other diseases of the circulatory system.. 96-103 932 13.1 207 6.0| 3,381 R4.,7| 3,290 29,8 20 BronthitiSe ces ss esscscscscesssecsssscsrssonees 106 956 13.4 3,299 95,6 951 6.9 930 8.4 ~ 27 [Pneumonia and bronchopneumoniseeececseessss 107-109 | 14,129| 198.8 5,004 145.0 22,099] 161.5| 19,355| 175.5 28 [Other diseases of the respiratory : 8yStemMessesscoscecsssesssssssss 104,105,110-114 1,516 21.3 313 9.1| 3,362 24.6 2,790 25,3 iA 29 Diarrhea and enteritiS.csecececeecescesss 119,120 6,433 90.5 7,946| 230.3| 7,618 55.7| 6,004 54,4 } 30 [AppendicitiSccccsecceccoscsccescsancrccnssees 121 228 3.2 17 0.5 * 628 4.6 561 5.1 31 [Diseases of the liver and biliary passages.124-127 966 13.6 564 16.3| 1,519 11,1| 1,489 13.5 32 [Other diseases of the digestive SYSteMeoeseocssoasessss 116-118,122,123,128,129| 2,087 29.4 1,746 50.8| 3,796] 27.7| 2,526] 22.9 33 INephritiseeedeeasssescscesinssecccenssess 130-132] 3,886 54,7 539 15.6| 2,779 20,3| 2,270 20.8 34 [Other diseases of the urinary and genital SystemBeeeccecccsoscssssscsscvsosvsoses 133-139 719 10.1 185 5.4| 1,103 8.1 848 7.7 Rt 35 [Puerperal infectionsececesscececececncoss 140,147 326 4.6 169 4.9 427 3.1 381 3.5 | 36 |other diseases of pregnancy, childbirth, % and the puerperiumeceecccoo.ses 141-146,148-150 342 4.8 337 9.8 415 3.0 , 382 3.5 37 [Diseases of the skin, cellular tissue, bones, and organs of movementeceseesceccooeesss 151-156 325| 4.6 128 3.7| 1,455 10.6( 1,181 10.7 ; 38 |Congenital malformations and debility, 4 premature birth, and diseases peculiar . to the first year of life.cesesscescsse 1567-161] 4,521 63.6 1,166 33.8| 15,504| 113.3( 11,488| 104.2 39Senility, 01d agBeeeeseencseseescsensasesssss 162] 90,2531 130.2 1,622 47.0] 33,123| 242.,0| 24,265| 220.0 40 Suicides sessvooncneccrsasarssrsnsnssiseses 183,164 384 5.4 25 0.7 3,248 R3.7| 2,722 24.7 4] [Homicideeeeese tee secraseccectenscansesess 16501681 228 3.2 44 1.3 343 R.5 334 3.0 42 [Automobile accidents (all motor-driven road ; of WERICIe8 ) e's sarin eis vss snnssrssansnssssios vars 170 325 2.4 261 2.4 : 43 [other violent or accidental deaths (suicide, 2,075 29.2 1,381 40.0 homicide, and automobile accidents EXCEDL0 eae hanass care ivnnssrn sane 169,171-198 3,716 R7.2 3,282 29.8 44 Causes of death ill-defined, unknown or unspecified.essceccsccvacsscesesnssases 199,200] 6,923 97.4 5,973 173.1] 3,678 6.9] 1,557 14.1 i See footnotes on' p. 188. GENERAL MORTALITY 43 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1940 AND LATEST AVAILABLE YEARS—Continued in the war (1939-1945) include "war losses," 1. e., all deaths among armed forces and deaths of civilians from operations of war, and rates Registration of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, 1s often admittedly incomplete and inaccurate, espe— Causes of Death. Iceland” Ireland (Eire) Italy” Japan (proper) * #® 7 0 1940 1943 1940 16403 1240 1943%° 1940 He - 0. o $ J Number |Rate [umber | Rate er | Rate |Number®®|Raté®” |Number®®|Rate®” |Number®S Rate #°° Number®® |Rate 22 1,R00/990.4 43,4¢4|1,474.5| 41,885|1,416.0| 642,011|1,413.7| 606,907|1,358.7|1,219,073| 1,604.0(1,186,595 (1,652.4 = 0 52 1.8 31 1.0] 6,199] 13.8] 3,951 8.8 -9,393 12.4 7,432] 10.31 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 we 0 1 0.0 - o| 2 - 0 34 1.2 33 3.1 147 0.3 125 0.3 197 0.3 389 0,5| 3 = of 310] 10.5 163 5.5 1,594 2.5 1,905 4,3 9,407 12.4 g,792| 12.2| 4 1} 0.8 310| 10.5 178 6.0] 2,764 6,1) 7. 2,410 5.4 7,122 9.4 4,744 6.6] 5 72| 59.4] 3,398| 115.2 2,907| 98.3| 35,299 77.7| 25,180 56.4 136,524| 179.6| 112,655| 156.9 6 32| 26.4) 908| 30.8 778 26.3] 10,922| 24.0] 8,070 18.1| 34,949 46.0| 40,499] 56.4| 7 = 0 1 0.0 6 0.2 1,075 2.4 490 1.2 245 0.3 224 0.3] 8 1 0.8 56 1.9 56 1.9] 3,187 9.0] 72,7100" *.6.1 7,540 9.9 7,365] 10.2] 9 2| 1.7] 461] 15.6] 828 28.0| 4,236 9.3 6,979] 15.6 3,412 4,5 3,164 4.410 = 0 = 0 = 0 2 0.0 - 0 74 0.1 60 0.1{11 - 0 32 1.1 77 2.6] 1,203 2.6] 1,128 2.5| 21,881 28.8 5,101 7.1|12 = 0 4 0.1, 2 0,1 5 0.0 1 0.0 152 0.2 3 0.0{13 22| 18.2] 320] 11.2] 244 8.2| 9,488 20.9] 7,512] 16.8) ®*30,288| °®'39.8|° 40,637 **56.6(14 153|126.3| 4,043| 137.1) 3,773 127.6 40,376| 88.9 38,406] 86.2| 52,678 69.3| 50,940) 70.9(15 11) 9.1 144 4,9] 153 5.2{ 2,571 5.7) 2,986 6.7 3,009 4.0 2,938 4,116 4| 3.3 2m 9.2| 270 9.1 1,804 4.0 1,782 4.0 1,213 1.6 1,062 1.5(17 3| 2.5] 232 7.9] 284 9.6| 4,526 10.0] 4,397 9.8 2,477 3.3 2,762 3.8[18 ZY 1.7 3 0.1 5 0.2 708 1.6 436 1.0 120 0.2 193 0.3[19 8| 6.6] ess| 22.2] ese| . 23.2{ 8,720]' 219.2 8,472] 19.0] 24,357 18.9| 14,926 20.8(20 7| 5.8 268 9.1 278 Gua! 2 (>®) (>=) (33) (22) 32,234 42.4 28,767 47,0(21 108| 89.1f 2,652 89.9| 2,687] 90.8| 59,913 131.9] 62,379 139.7| 120,985| 159.2| 127,847| 178.0|22 15| 12.4] 798 27.1] 742] 25.1[**18,955| 1%41.7|1%14,531| %32,5| 17,389 22,9 15,566] R1.7(23 162|133.7| 9,264 314.1| 8,908) 301.1| 80,865| 178.1| 82,022| 183.6] 45,428 59.8 | 45,542 63.4|24 24| 19.8] 652 22,1] 755| ®°5.5| =21,440| 47.2] 17,717 39.7 6,653 8.8 6,778 9.4(25 18| 14.9] 1,444] 49.0| 2,00 68.0] 16,199] 35.7| 18.464] 41.3] 23.288 30.5 22,572] 31.4(28 91| 75.1] 1,874 63.5] 1,861 62.9| 73,786| 162.5| 79,201 177.3| 116,494| 153.3 | 111,077| 154.7|27 8| 6.6] 602 20.4] 678] 22.9| 10,765| 23.7| 10,333 23.1 34,636 45.6 | 35,458 49.4|28 15| 12.4) 1,391| 47.2] 724 24.5| 49,356| 108.7| 44,665 100.0| 105,811| 139.2 | 108,367| 150.9{29 9 7.4 133 4,5] 190 6.4| 2,935 6.5 2,861 6.4 2,291 3.0 2,577 3.6(30 9| 7.4 214 7.3] 216 7.3| 8,325| 18.3 7,923] 17.7] 13,612 17.9 13,639 19.0|31 32| 26.4| . ee4( 30.0[ 1,011] 34.2| 16,604| 36.6] 12,954] 29.0 58,160 76.5 | 56,433) 78.6|32 17| 14.0 1,115| 37.8| 1,183 40.0| 19,753| 43.5| 16,526] 37.0| 49,708 65.4| 54,703 76.2(33 23| 19.0] 533 18.1f 487] 16.5 6,848) 1s.1| 6,310] 14.1 5,084 6.7 5,070 7.1|34 1| 0.8 36 1.2 55 1.9 438 1.0 640 1.4 687 0.9 858 1.235 4| 3.3 109 5.7). ass 5.2] 1,190 2.6 1,657 3.7 3,855 5.1 4,212 5.9(36 8| 6.8 229 7.8 189 6.4 3,797 e.4| 3,307 7.4 5,021 6.6| 4,698 6.537 26| 21.5| 2,501| 84.8] 1,931 65.3] 32,279 71.1] 35,316] 79.1] 68,946 90.7| 71,914] 100.1|38 198|163.4| 6,097| 206,7| 5,788 195,7| 50,801 111.9] 46,266 103.6 99,636] 131.1| 90,098| 125.5(3¢ 12] 9.9 78 2.6 9o| 3.3] 2,358 5.2| 2,634 5.9 8,784 11.6 9,877| 13.8(40 = 0 18 0.6 13 0.4 607 1.3 568 1.3 226 0.3 259 0.4[41 55 1.9] 183 5.5 42 9s| 77.9 17,675] 38.9] 15,098] 33.8] 33,490 44.1] °8,346| 39,5 g10| 27.5] 792] 26.8 2 8| 6.6] 494 16.7] 497 16.8] 12,308 27.1] 8,505| 19.0 31,658 41,7] 33,081| 46.0|44 4 > Ca Sie TN hal $ shaaSil RTT NEE RT TT EEE ST TYE TR ERA TR EY » ! INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 20,—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED AND DEATH RATES BY CAUSE: (Exclusive of stillbirths. Rates are the number of deaths per 100,000 population. Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged | are computed on total population. Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of the detailed International List of cially in Latin America, Africa, and Asla) ue ! a o ) Lithuania * Mexico Netherlands git 2.2 Cause of death We (Abridged List, 1938 revision) 193932 1941 1940 : 19423 wird £2 ey fic Xe Number | Rate [Number | Rate |Number | Rate [Number | Rate Al] CAUSEB.stearetainoacaseaneaanaaanass| 32,983|1,350.2]446,3612,208.8| 458,906 2,335.0[85,980 | 950.9 1 [Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers.......ceseeseee 1,2 129 5.3| 8,729 43.2] 6,262 31.9 66 0.7 PL af UBy ve sias san sbinersddoin nessa dhonrhsnederserasiD - 0 - ov 0 - 0 E 3 1 esssacssssnsssssseeseasseenes 8 R54 10.4 405 2.0 484 R.5 R3 0.3 4 4 (WHOOPING COUN ssaessssssssimrsssssrsansvasensres 675 7.6] 10,912 54.0] 8,336 42.4 R31 R.6 : SDIPhtheride seis sisies sessnssserevossassrsrvssvnvee 20 395 16.,2| 1,018 5.01 1,070 5.4 872 9.6 6 [Tuberculosis of the respiratory system......... 13| 1,882 77.0] 9,346 46.2 9,420 47.9| 3,973 43.9 7|All other forms of tuberculosisS....eeesessss 14-22 199 8.1] 1,837 9.1] 1,779 9.1] 1,576 17.4 EiMalariaeees ss vessnscriosisve'sssessrensnssrerenss 28 1 0.0 26,232 129.8| 23,917| 1R1.7 3 0.0 OD ISYDhiliSesssseeseesssceceecsosssnerscsesonnrss 30 138 5.6] 3,184 15.8] 3,771 19.2 545 6.0 JO INPINONZAs se wsvs sven sector essansvansroenesteees BS 1,178 48.2 7,804 38.6 4,937 25.1 920 10.2 XL{SMAlIPOX esis ses sssssssvassesvresnetsnsessnvsnees SH - Of 2,529 1R.5| 1,341 6.8 - 0 AP MSS laSysunisnss sensors ornsssnsaneranessssvee 35 155 6.3 6,591 32.6( 17,928 91.2 109 1.2 ABI TYDIUS fVeressssvsnssvesessnsssisvrersssevesves 39 8 0.3] 1,166 5.8] 1,131 5.8 - 0 | 14 [Other infectious or paresitic Bl 1A diseases... 4-7,11,12,23-27,29,31,32,36-38,40-44 381 15.6| 16,541 8l.9| 18,803 95.7 896 9.9 7 15 [Cancer and other malignant tumors.sssec.e... 45-55 1,065 43.6| 4,507 22,3] 4,553 23.,2113,058 | 144.4 = A 16 [Nonmalignant tumors or tumors of unspecified ko NALUIC. ass sssssssesssesensesssssesesasessns 56,57 26 1.1 820 4.1 887 4.5 576 6.4 ~~ 17|Chronic rheumatism and gouteeceeceecevsosaee 59,60 142 5.8| 1,323 6.5] 1,548 7.9 21) 2.3 ¥, 7:18 Diabetes mellituSessessscossssscosscsecncsscess OL 84 3.4 807 4.0 819 4.2] 1,122 iR.4 19 [Chronic or acute alcoholiSmMeseecescceceseccences 77 19 0.8] 1,550 7.7] 1,919 9.8 13 0.1 20 [Avitaminoses, other general diseases, diseases of y RR; the blood, and chronic poisonings.58,62-76,78,79 146 6.0] 6,577 32.5| 5,897 30.0 1,183 13,1 AR 21 [Meningitis (nonmeningococcal) and diseases of the ] Fin SDANAL ICOT Mu vniv serine sas sie sessivanes rinses 81,880 (ROY CL (A0Y 1,626 8.0 1,593 8.1| 456 5.0 Wht 22 |Intrecranial lesions of vascular origin........ 83 550 22,5| 3,852 19,1] 3,720 18.9| 6,150 68.0 gh 23 [Other diseases of the nervous system and ' I SENSE OrganS.eeeseessssssessessssesssss 80,84-89221,070| 1%43.8| 8,566 42.4] 8,753] 44.5 1,695 18.7 [ir R4IDiseases of the heart...ccvcesavecesseesnases 90-85] 2,551] -104.4| 11,381 56.3| 10,666 54,3(13,465 | 148.9 i R5 [Other diseases of the circulatory system... 96-103 134 5.5| 2,538 12.6] 2,725 13.9] 2,382 R643 R26 Bronchitiseessssesesceccssssocnsessscssssseees 106 150 6.1 11,987 59.3] 13,127 66.8| 1,200 13.3 27 |Pneumonia and’ bronchopneumoniasesseessesss 107-109) 2,787| 114.1| 66,129| 327,2| 70,022 356.3] 5,133 56.8 ?8 [Other diseases of the respiratory SySteMeseeseesceocececncssessess 104,105,110-114| 1,297 53. 3,632 18.0 3,866 19.7) 1,129 12.5 oie 29 [Diarrhea and enteritis... 1,101 45,1| 88,521| 438,0| 96,556 491.3| 1,508 16.7 1 30 |AppendicitiSececesccccssccscsterccscccessanses 121 147 6. 727 . 647 3.3 333 3.7 31 [Diseases of the liver and biliary passages .124-127 181 7 75 ~~ 32 |other diseases of the digestive ; SYSteMesassacssaonsosses 115-118,122,123,1268,129 868| 35 33 [NephritiSeceeessecescessasscvsassassssnsss 130-132 311 12, i 34 |Other diseases of the urinary and genital RE SyStemBecseesesessceassssssosescsssesees 133-139 330 13.5| 2,231 11.0| 2,106 10.7| 1,897 21.0 3 35 [Puerperal infectionseecesecececeseccesnses 140,147 70 2.9] 1,656 8.2] 1,751 8.9 140 1.5 fal 36 |other diseases of pregnancy, childbirth, & and the puerperium..eece.s...... 141-146,148-150 195 8.0| 2,997 14.8 2,041| 15.0] 235 2.6 37 [Diseases of the skin, cellular tissue, bones, 2 and organs of movementeescesecacesssscsss 151-156 579 R3.7| 1,844 9.1] 1,230 6.3 583 6.4 nk 38 |Congenital malformations and debility, i) ¥ premature birth, and diseases peculiar hi -| to the first year of lifeccseccecesceces 1567-161 2,147 87.9( 21,792] 107.8 20,465| 104.1| 4,153 45.9 39 |Senility, 01d 8@Ceesceccoccsscrsassassaacscnss 162] 7,111] 291.1] R2,410f 110.9] 20,773] 105.7] 4,723 52.2 40 |Suicidescecesrcessasissorscssarnesssreeses 163,164 231 9.5 212 1.0 207 1.1 815 9.0 Ke 9] [HOM 0T dR cseoine ns vain essvsosnnee suse rede 155-108 130 5.3| 10,434] 51.6] 18,175] 67.0 60 0.7 A 42 |Automobile accidents (all motor-driven road : 1 1 0 3.6 .4| 12,502 62.3] 12,429| 63.2 674 5| 8,086] 40.0] 8,239| 41.9] 2,409| 2 70 4,788] 23.7 2 4,810 24.5( 2,266 VENicle8)esuenssnssrevessersnnsssorsvosvoses 170 228 14 280 1.4 265 R.9 43 [other violent or accidental deaths (suicide, 725 29.7 homicide, and automobile accidents EXCEDLER) e's sirens esse snsessen ess 160,171-108 11,887| 58.8] 9,858] 50.2[%%,183 | 2246.3 44 (Causes of death ill-defined, unknown,or unspecifi€decececerecascsccascanessessses 199,200) 3,441] 140.9 34,369] 170.1] 34,165| 173.8] 4,661 51.5 See footnotes on p. 188. > 7 IAT GENERAL MORTALITY 43 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1940 AND LATEST AVAILABLE YEARS—Continued in the war (1939-1946) Include "war losses," 1. e., all deaths among armed forces and deaths of civilians from operations of war, and rates ¢ Causes of Death. Registration of deaths, as well,as medical certification of cause, Is often admittedly incomplete and lnaccurate, espe- Nether- New Zealand ® r land Norw ‘ lands—Con. (ex. Maoris) Northern Irelan ~ os e Oo 1940 1943 1940 10438 1940 1941 19407 B7 Number | Rate |Number | Rate |Number |Rate [Number | Rate | Number | Rate |Number | Rate Number | Rate [<3 87,722| 988.0 15,447|1,003.9| 14,282|923.6| 17,437|1,337.2| 18,941|1,461.53031,907| 1,078.0[°°32,045|1,088.0 : id 24 0.3 3 0.2 6| 0.4 12 0.9 10 0.8 13 0.4 9 0.3] 1 3 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 = of 2 i 34 0.4 2 0.1 3}. 0.1 1 0.8 27 2.1 38 1.3 23 0.8 3 i] 434 4.9: ay 1.1 230 1.5 113 847 141 © 10.9 e7 2.9 64 2.2] 4 i 103 1.2 32 2.) 15( 1.0 72 5.5 127 9.8 68 2.5 6 0.2] 5 = 2,732| 30.8 475 30.9 501( 32.4 863 66.2 967 74.68] 1,956 66.1| 1,947| 66.1] 6 ¥ 1,149 12.9 97 6.3 99| 6.4 327| 25.1 209| 23.1 417 14.1 468 15.9) 7 6 0.1 - 0 10.1 - 0 5 0.4 2 0.1 - ol 8 432 4.9 99 6.4 102| 6.6 73 5.6 64 4.9 138 4,7 168 5.7) © 1,577| 17.8 65 4,2 ney 7.7 339] 26.0 665) 51.3 411 13.9 126 4,3[10 - 0 - 0 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 = 0 11 146 1.6 7 0.5 il. 0 34 2.6 193 14.9 35 1.2 18 0.8] 12 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 1 0.0013 572 6o4 182 11.8 nsf 7.3 164] 12.6 198| 15.3 711 24,0 421 14.3 14 12,266| 138.2 2,131|/ 138.5 1,858|120.2| 1,892| 14s5.1| 1,764| 136.1| 4,140 139.9| 4,010] 136.215 710 8.0 60 3.9 58| 3.8 62 4.8 85 6.6 311 10.5 426| 14.516 253| 2.8 23 1.5 27] a.7 61 4.7 85 6.6 95 3.2 20} 0.717 1,396] 15.7 332 21.6 306| 19.8 93 7.1 158 12.2 394 13,3 423| 14.418 27 0.3 2 0.1 8| 0.5 5 0.4 4 0.3 9 0.3 45 1.5/19 1,358 15.3 252| 16.4 222| 14.4 321 24.6 283 29.6 3g1 12.9 362 12.3 20 (22) | (22) 87 5.7 92| 5.9 64 4.9 82 6.3 156 5.3 111 3.8/ 21 i 6,446 72.6 1,507| 97.9 1,307| 84.5| 1,458| 111.8] 1,544| 119.1] 2,878 97.2 3,042] 103.3|22 4 41,970 | *%22.2 219 14.2 167] 10.8 310 23.8 332 25.6 404 13.6 429) 14.68/23 fa 14,914| 168.0 5,182| 336.8| 4,565|295.2| 5,826| 293.4| 3,950 304.8) 3,390| 114.5( 00 Lo, fR4 3d 2,695| 30.4 231] 15.0 218| 14.1 350 26.8 337 28.0] 1,254 42.4 ’ *“ll=s / 1,470| 16.6 215| 14.0 173 1.2 578| 44.3 gal mo. 328 ih 406| 13.8) 26 | 5,541 62.4 474 30.8 524| 33,9 988| 75.8 873| 67.4] 2,846 96.1| 2,487| e4.4]27 : 1,037| 11.7 225) 14.6 1e1f 11.7 261] = 20.0 206 22.8 204 9.9 304| 10.3| 28 8 702 7.9 89 5.8 77 5.0 489 37.5 465| 35.9 341 11.5 205 7.0] 29 oa 355 4.0 73 4.7 90| 5.8 67 5.1 72 5.6 181 6.1 164 5.6| 30 Ae 743 8.4 Mil 9.2 120 7.8 120 9.2 121 9.3 243 8.2 215 7.5 31 3 1,868| 21.0 276] 17.9 318( 20.6 320 24.5 392 30.2 793 26.8 738| 25.1] 32 o 2,790| 31.4 435 28.3 493| 31.9 362| 27.8 473 36.5 725 24, 771] 26.2|33 4 s : 3 1,644] 18.5 233] ‘15.1 228| 14.7 282| 21.6 207 22.9 732 24.7 589] 20.0[34 bed 98 1.1 32 2.1 36| 2.3 22 1.7 34 2.6 42 1.4 33 1.135 r 338 3.8 35 2.3 60| 3.9 78 6.0 73 5.6 54 1.8 64 2.2] 36 (1 Sak 402 4.5 67 4.4 67| 4.3 68 5.2 69 5.3 106 3.6 64 2.2| 37 iE Re Xd 4,062| 45.8 716| 46.5 813| 52.6 1,199] 91.9] 1,051 81.1 833 28.1 g44| 2e,7 38 v7 5,569 62,7 4e8| 31.7 407| 26.3| 1,487| 114.0] 1,552| 119.8] 2,178 73.6] 2,686 90.2] 39 VY 956 10.8] 132 8.6 168| 10.9 52 4.0 60 4.5 127 4.3 204 6.9] 40 # 38 0.4 19 1.2 7] 0.5 12 0.9 5 0.4 30 1.0 17 0.6] 41 2 a a 133 8.6 199 12.9 117 9.0 1520+ © 11.79 144 4.9 42 A 7,744 | Bg7.2 = 3,246|%*110.2 % : 648) 42.2 505| 32.7 384| 29.4 474] 36.8| *r2,514| *'g4,9 5s H 3,121| 35.2 10 0.6 7] 0.5 101 77 120 9.3] 2,108 71.2] 1,779] 60.4] 44 4 2 AE he eT rz EE I INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS \ TABLE 20.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED AND DEATH RATES BY CAUSE: ~~ (Exclusive of stillbirths. Rates are the number of deaths per 100,000 population. Unless otherwise ppecified, figures for countries engaged i are computed on total population. Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of the detailed International List of [0 ~ clally In Latin America, Africa, and Asia) fie ; ] Peru Portugal * i. (ex. jungle pop.) (inc. Islands) ge Cause of death : i (Abridged List, 1938 revision) 1943 °° : 1944 1940 XS a ; a i y 1,641 © 20.4 1,969 R55 R20 [BronchitiScescecesscecossossscsscscsccsccacnscese 106 3,226 45.8 2,218 27.6 2,344 30.4 $ 27 |Pneumonia and bronchopneumonige.eseessescceses 107-109 8,573 121.7 9,558 118.8 9,267 120.0 2B [Other diseases of the respiratory | sSystemisecececosssesscssrcsesessses 104,105,110-114 4,073 57.8 1,362 16.9 1,367 17.7 } 29 (Diarrhea and enteritis. eeessss 119,120 7,566 107.4 16,231 201.8 16,197 209.7 on 30 |AppendicitiSecccsececccccssccscsecatceiccsssnces IR] 186 2.6 197 2.4 177 R.3 5 3] |Diseases of the liver and biliary passages... 124-127 802 11.4 1,763 1.9 1,705 22.1 32 [Other diseases of the digestive SySteMiesecesesvesssssessss 115-118,122,123,128,129 3,068 43,5 2,553 31.7 2,308 29.9 33 INephritiseescssecescssccessssscsescssssssnsncss 130-132 2,493 31.0 2,622 34.0 '34|0ther diseases of the urinary and genital 1,448 20,6 * SYSteMSaceecossssasescecsecssssenessscscses 133-139 349 4.3 366 4.7 35 | Puerperal infection.sseeceesssssseessocssscss 140,147 335 4.2 279 3.6 36 |Other diseases of pregnancy, childbirth, 1,090 15.5. and the puerperiuMeiccecssscessessss 141-146,148-150 420 5.2 473 6.1 37 |Diseases of the skin, cellular tissue, bones, J and organs of movementsccesssecceasssccssse 151-156 172 2.4 574 7.1 523 6.8 » 38 [Congenital malformations and debility, E premature birth, and diseases peculiar to the first year of lif€ececccccoccssccose 157-161 3,930 55.8 7,347 91.3 6,488 84.0 : © 391Senility, 01d 8gCesscsccssscecccsssssssccsnsensss 162 3,947 56.0 10,518 130.8 11,427 148.0 {yh 40ISUICIAC cases essere ssrecsosssoscesssenensasees 163,164 45 0.6 732 9.1 895 11.6 ¢ A THOM cid us snse esos snsvsssvss ds rnsvnnseis vanes 105-168 208 3.0 181 2,3 139 1.8 ~ 42|jutomobile accidents (all motor-driven road : “ WehiCleS)ecseevntscerervinnssserssssonnesnsivese L110 24 0.3 Fic 43| Other violent or accidental deaths (suicide, 3,035 37.7 2,952 38.2 B homicide, and automobile accidents BE excepted) ecosovescesanssesssosssenssanss 169,171-198 2,022 28.7 = 44| Causes of death ill-defined, unknown,or 3 unspecifiedessssscescescsccsccccacsocencsss 199,200 9,695 137.6 8,481 105.4 8,381 108.5 See footnotes on p. 188. TR if GENERAL MORTALITY | 43 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1940 AND LATEST AVAILABLE YEARS—Continued % N in the war (1939-1946) include "war losses," 1. e., all deaths among armed forces and deaths of civilians from operations of war, and rates Causes of Death. Registration of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, 1s often admittedly Incomplete and Inaccurate, espe- =2 Rumania Scotland Ppein iz ora (inc. Islands) Sweden ey Oo 19394 1943 1940 194% 19404 1942 1940 5 = wd ~ @ Humber | Rate |Number | Rate |Mumber | Rate |Number | Rate |Mumber | Rate [Number | Rate |Number | Rate |< 370,287|1,857.6| 66,735|1,294.0| 72,775|1,442.5|345,407|1,285.7|424,888|1,641.9| 63,741 990.9| 72,748|1,141.8 988 5.0 19 0.4 27 0.5 2,210 8.2| 3,399] 13.1 17 0.3 25 0.4 1 - 0 i 0 - 0 = 0 = 0 = 0 - of 2 3,377| 16.9 22 0.4 35 0.7 89 0.3 116 0.4 40 0.6] '/103] ‘1.8 3 1,527 9.7 305 5.9 197 3.9 559 2.1 897 3.5 51 0.8 44 0.7 4 521 2.6 231 4.5 676 13.4 666 2.5 3,169] 12.2 52 0.8 23 0.4] 5 26,716 134.0| 2,976 57,7 3,018| 59.8| 24,183| 90.0| 23,500] 90.8| 3,632| 56.5| 3,803] 59.7] 6 5,561 | 27.9 983| 19.1 961| 19.0] 5,840| 21.7] 5,685] 22.0 720ll°4 11.2 703)" 111.20 ie 950 4.8 12 0.2 1 0.2 523 1.9 530 2.0 2p 0.0 - of e& 2,383 12.0 263 5.5 297 5.9] 1,465 5.5| 1,567 6.1 i61 2.5 157 2.5] 9 2,283] 11.5| 1,155| 22.4] 1,791] 35.5| 5,153 19.2] 4,346] 16.8 9 1.5 318 5.0] 10 1 0.0 - 0 - 0 3 0.0 977 3.8 - 0 - ol 11 3,169| 15.9 8s 1.7 262 5.2 535 2.0| 2,068 8.0 3 0.0 21 0.3| 12 142 0.7 - 0 - 0 117 0.4 20 0.3 - 0 3 0.0| 13 4,204) 21.1 524| 10.2 880| 17.4| 6,433| 23.9| 8,420] 32.5 742 | 11.5 845| 13.3] 14 8,727| 43.8) ,859| 187.9| 8,208 162.7| 17,422 | 64.8] 16,911| 65.3| €,710| 135.4| 6,643] 135.7| 15 619 3.1 243 4.7 311 6.2] 2,456 9.1| 1,652 6.4 940 14.5 953| 15.0| 16 429 2.2 109 2.1 223 4,4) s44 2.0 565 2.2 16 0.2 15 0.2117 650 3.3 646] 12.5 780| 15.5| 1,640 6.1] 2,170 8.4 437 6.8 689| 10.8) 18 417 2,3 23 0.4 37 0.7 297 1.1 319 1.8 2 0.0 9 0.1| 18 5,315] 26.7 929| 18.0 907| 18.0| 5,632| 21.0] 5,828 22.5 781} 22.1 912| 14.3] 20 %€(27) (=) 329 ! 363 7.00 5,007 [0 nn, i (30) (32) 246 3.8 262 4.1] 21 7,290 36.8] 7,536| 142,3| 7,570| 150,0( 25,745| 95.8| 30,463| 117.7| 6,113) 95.0| 6,935| 108.8] 22 4 \ *%6,136| **30.8| 1,059] 20.5| 1,163] =23.1| 4,717] 17.6[*%12,867| 2*49.7| 1,237] 19.2] 1,216] 19.1] *3 27,085| 135.9] 15,390 298.4 16,301| 323.1| 51,471 | 191.6( 55,095| 212.9 24 2iezs| 1a.z| 1lat9| 27.8) 1.587| 30.5] 12.187| 4s.2| 1.580] 52.3 1740 | 270.6] 20,661] 324.5 oc 4,280| 21.5 2,650] 51.4 4,242| 84.1| 12,464| 46.4) 16,250) 62.8 342 5.3 501 7.9] 26 58,857 | 295.3| -3,144| 61.0| 4,144| 82.1] 30,697| 114.3| 40,30L| 155.7| 3,292| 51.2| 4,130] 64.8 27 9,507| 47.7 1,071| 20.8| 1,162| 23.0 7,554 28,1] 8,201] 32.0 554 8.6 614 9.6| 28 25,992 | 130.4 888| 17.2 953| 18.9] 28,375| 105.6| 38,734| 149.7 280 4.4 268 4.2| 29 1,106 5.5 259 5.0 311 6.2 646 2.4 690 2.7 310 4,8 484 7.8] 30 2,347| 11.8 443 8.6 481 9.5| 3,938| 14.7| 3,919 15.1 705| 11.0 760| 11.9] 31 6,072 | 30.5| 1,544] 29.9 1,ede| 32.7| 9,609| 35.8] 12,639| 48.8| 1,476] 22.9| 1,403] 22.0] 32 9,951| 49.9] 1,458| 28.3 1,584| 31.4] 12,308| 45.8] 15,224] s58.8| 1,094| 17.0] 1,370] 21.5| 33 875 4,4| 1,085| 21.0] 1,029 20.4] 1,642 6.1] 1,821 6.3| 1,409| 21.9] 1,439 22.6 34 1,538 ToT 123 2.4 129 2.6 636 2.4] 1,083 4,2 50 0.8 89 1.4 35 967 4.9 240 4.7 255 5.1 593 2.2 792 3.1 128 2.0 118 1.9| 36 76). 3.8 300 5.8 322 6.4) 1,025 3.8] 1,340] , 5.2 236 3.7 295 4.6 37 62,853| 315.3] 5,247 63.0 3,264| 64.7| 13,319| 49.6| 16,413] 63.4] 2,133| 35.2] 2,287| 35.9] 38 57,129 | 286.6) 2,183] 42.3| 2,534| 50.2| 18,469| 68.7| 24,444] 94.5| 6,534| 101.6| 6,447| 132.6 39 2 aula 377 7.3 400 7,921,011 3.8 1,584 6.1 geo | 14.3] 1,086] 17.0] 40 966 4.8 18 0.3 19 0.4 682 2.5 47 C.7 50 0.8] 41 751 14.6 888| 17.6 158 0.6 279] 4.3 263 4.1] 4 7,414 37.2 33,394) 129.0 115,045] %159,0(%:2,013| **57,7| 14,626] 54.4 2,350] 36.5] 2,519] 39.5] 43 6,146] 30.8] 1,167] 22.6 942| 18.7| 11,801| 44,3] 13,996] 54.1 195 5.0] tere 4,3 44 ' INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 20.,—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED AND DEATH RATES BY CAUSD: (Exclusive of stillbirths. Rates are the number of deaths per 100,000 population. Unless otherw!se specified, figures for countries engaged , are computed on total population. Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of the detalled International List of clally in Latin America, Africa, and Asia) 17 Union of South ; . Switzerland Africa (Europeans) wig 3 Cause of death <7 (Abridged List, 1938 rcvision) 1943 © 1940 1939 4 ow = a Number Rate Number Rate Number | Este ABLUCANBER, ssa rvs an sinnsanns unseen snrvions 47,409 | 1,097.2| £0,759 1,201.0 19,901] 940.3 1 | Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers...ceececescessess 1,2 28 0.6 15 0.4 162 7.7 BR Plogueevsessssrelssssessssnsssnnsensssvessnresneses D {2%} {£2 {22) dat) 2 0.1 BiScarlet Ifeversssess ves vavssorssvnsssvetsisssisnes 8 7 0.2 28 0.7 12 0.6 id NOODING ‘CONBNve sve sess ss rivrssnsnsnsesssnsvonense.D 62 1.4 136 3.2 139 6.6 6 I DIphtherditssesssssvecssconsssessnssvesesvos 152 3.5 41 1.0 143 6.8 6 | Tuberculosis of the respiratory systemicececeeses 13 2,503 57.9 2,455 58,1 655 30.9 7 | A11 other forms of tuberculosiSec...ececee.oes 14-22 801 18,5 848 20,1 111 5.2 PH MalarIaver. ce eio in Bhs isc ensaniernniinnn vansee SBN (22) 2) (32) C2) 201 9.5 BU SYDNAlISes srr versssosnsnanrsvernorresivaserernse 30 211 4.9 206 4.9 178 8.4 10 | Influenzaeee sss evreese 33 198 4.68 1,593 37.7 285 13,5 11 SmallpoXesssesses . essees 34 - 0 - 0 - 0 BR Measles. ceresvovnssossdevscrsnsvesvsvonssvesvsnve. 35 14 0.3 81 1.9 46 2.2 3S YO NS LOVeY ses ss vresssvsnsssesvansinonnsaesnes 58 (25) (22) (5°) (89) 5 0.2 ‘14 | Other infectious or parasitic diseases..... 4-7,11,12,23-27,29,31,32,36-38,40-44 ®%ggo | *f16,2 56g59| °€15.6 329 18.5 15 | Cancer and other malignant tumorSe.eceesecececssss 45-55 7,903 182.9 7,437 176.0 R221? 104.7 16 | Nonmalignant tumors or tumors of unspecified NatUr€esseercossesssvcscscssscssccsscscsscae 56,57 173 4.0 : 178 4.2 109 5.2 17 | Chronic rheumatism and gout. (27) (7) oe 7) 7 3g 1.8 18 [Diabetes mellituSeeceeececss 7) (27% (=? C7 266 12.6 19 | Chronic or acute alcoholiSmM.eseeeeeeesseceeeceens 77 (2) (3%) (8) (8) 43 2.0 R0 | Avitaminoses, other general diseases, diseases of the blood, and chronic poisonings.. 58,62-76,78,79 | ©°°1,070| 3°24.8| °°1,247| 2929.5 567 26.8 21 | Meningitis (nommeningococcal) and diseases of the ; BDINa] CoTd.sscovenvesonsvsnnssvavansnsnuses 81,82 (2) (22) (32) {12 99 4,7 22 | Intracranial lesions of vascular origin.......... 83 1,240 28.7 1,500 3545 1,280 60.5 ~ R3 | Other diseases of the nervous system and 2 SENSE OPEANS. ss vss vsssssisessvavesensses 50,8480 22961 | eno piney aegll Gates 323 15.3 R4 | Diseases of the hearte..eeseseesccecsssscesess 90-95 8,402 194.5 R,573 202.8 2,824 133.4 25 | Other diseases of the circulatory system..,... 96-103 6,842 158.4 2 J222 170.9 783 37.0 BG BPONCRELYS vee tevse inv vies ss risne srnitnvevennons 108] 1:(2) (*%) 1*% 2) 516 24.4 27 | Pheumonia and bronchopneumoniassssssscessess 107-109 2,280 52.8 ?,942 69.6 1,390 65.7 R8 | Other diseases of the respiratory / SYSLENs eevee eee ensnssnsresvvinsse 104,105,110-112 | M227 ,165 pg 0f 1,581] 237.4 518 24.5 29 | Diarrhea and eNteritiS.eeessssssnsivsscesses 119,120 42285 £2 6.0 “528 $25.3 768 36.3 EO ATDENAL CIE Ble vl saa sessisinn sons ssnvesunsane vnson YOL 309. 7.2 446 10.6 174 riglo 31 | Diseases of the liver and biliary passages.. 124-127 305 14.4 32 | Other diseases of the digestive 1,965 45,5 2,001 47.3 SYSLeNMusssvesssesaimevvsess L15=118,102 103.125 120 : 478| © 22.6 33 | Nephritiseeeseocecasscescscecssssceeeneensss 130-132 1,049 24,3 1,184 28.0 625 20.5 34 | Other diseases of the urinary and genital ‘ BYSLeMBacenceceorseaccsrssvsssscnsessesess 133-139 863 20,0 799 18.9 1458 .R1.6 35 | Puerperal infectioNseecesecscccesccesecessss 140,147 48 1.1 71 1.7 69 3,3 36 | Other diseases of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperiuMececccess soos 141-146,148-150 129 3.0 148 3.5 1R4 5.9 I 37 | Diseases of the skin, cellular tissue, bones, : and organs Of MOVEmENt.eceeessessessssooses 151-156 (28) (22) (=) (25) 128 6.0 38 | Congenital malformations and debility, premature birth, and disesses peculier to the first year of lifeccsscsesesssscesss 1567-161 970 22.4 846 20.0 1,114 52.6 B39: 1Senility, 030 28Csessvossssvessnsnsossssnsvasees 102 1,326 30.7 1,673 36.6 668 32.5 40 | Suicidesserscsseensess . 163,164 1,029 23.8 996 R3.6 R40 11.3 4) ['Homicid@esesssssscecssrcososceace esesss 165-168 43H 1h 1.9 42 | Automobile accidents (all motor-griven road | Vehicles). cece cssevnsinssasssavessinnsssenesensl 170 ] > £ 43 | Other violent or accidentsl deaths (suicide, 2,572 BheDls : £,708 B58 Lael ene homicide, and automobile accidents @xcepted)ececeeessencesssrnvvessssnsee 169,171-108 44 | Causes of death ill-defined, unknown,or UNSPECITiSdesenvenrsnvescsonsosneasesnsene 199,200)" #20 353" Bogs gl #30 sgpli [20g 323 5.3 ~ See footnotes on p, 188, GENERAL MORTALITY 43 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1940 AND LATEST AVAILABLE YEARS——Continued in the war (1939-1945) include "war losses," 1. e., all deaths among armed forces and deaths of civilians from operations of war, and rates Causes of Death. Registration of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, 1s often admittedly incomplete and inaccurate, espe- nited ° 34 Venezuela b States Uruguay (ex. tribal Indians) 22 802% 1944 1940 1942 1940 1944 1940 Fe ne Bn Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number | Rate Number hate rei 1,411,338 | 1,064.7(1,417,269| 1,074.1| 20,646 940,9| « 20,695 960.3| 70,524 1,719.3| 61,557 1,659.8 551 0.4 1,443 1.1 “215 9.8 155 7.2 253 6.2 321 B75). - 0 1 0.0 - 0 - 0 - 0 ¥ , 0.0] 2 422 0.3 668 0.5 - 0 2 O.1 - 0 1 0.0f 3 1,878 1.4 2,926 R.2 51 R.3 55 2.6 402 9.8 R12 5.7 4 1,145 0.9 1,457 1a 120 5.5 173 8.0 102 2.5 67 1.80 ‘5 50,712 3843 55,576 42.1 2,086 95,1 2,048 95.0 3,779 92.1 3,179 85.7] 6 4,019 3,0 4,852 3.7 265 12.1 298 13.8 304 7.4 331 8.9| 7 . 580 0.4 1,442 1.1 - 0 - 0 1,458 35.5 1,261 34.0] 8 14,916 11.3 19,006 14.4 126 5.7 144 6.7 531 12.9 557 15.0f 9 17,320 13.1 20,157 15.3 5% 2.6 102 4,7 2060 i 5.0 104 2.8( 10 9 0.0 14 0.0 - 0 1 0.0 16 0.4 19 0.5] 11 1,923 1.5 706 0.5 18 0.8 20 0.9 164 4.0 55 1.512 404 0.3 204 0.2 - 0 - 0 7 0.2 2 0.1} 13 11,890 2.0 11,303 8.6 R31 10.5 351 16.3 1,588 38.7 1,523 41.1 14 171,171 129.1] 158,335 120.0 2,189 99.8 2,130 98.8 1,266 30.9 956 5.81 15 6,429 4.9 6,571 5.0 41 1.9 51 2.4 27 0.7 R7 0.7| 16 1,918 1.4 1,792 1.4 17 0.8 25 1.2) - 60 1.5 56 1.5]17 34,948 26.4 35,015 26.5 123 5.6 10e 5.0 104 R.5 73 2.,0( 18 1,820 1.4 2,531 1.9 13 0.6 10" 0.5 51 1.2 45 1.2] 19 19,293 14.6 20,664 15.7 200 9.1 204 9.5 684 16.7 354 9.5| 20 5,063 3.8 5,000 3.8 362 16.5 306 14.2 R51 641 R15 5.8] 21 124,250 93.7 119,753 90.8 1,222 55.7 1,163 54,0 507 12.4 444 12.0] R2 ! t 11,188 8.4 11,592 8.8 275 12,5 267 12.4 422 10.3 382 10.3] 23 418,062 315.4] 385,191 291.9 2 151.9 3,073 142.6 2,106 51.3 1,757 47.4 24 32,501 24.5 28,763 21.8 260 11.8 275 12.8 374 9.1 373 10.1{ 25 3,508 2.6 3,958 3.0 31 1.4 26 Tel 458 11.2 422 11.4| 26 64,484 48.6 72,368 54.8 1,446 65.9 1,774 82.3 1,509 36.8 1,498 40.4| 27 11,474 8.7 10,751 8.1 447 20.4 575 26.7 347 845 276 T.4| ?8 13,099 g.9 13,573 10.3 1,476 67.3 1,197 55.5 4,599 112.1 4,258 114.8 29 7,783 5.9 12,999 9.9 37 0.8 27 1.3 53 1.3 58 1.6| 30 20,105 1s.2 20,771 15.7 182 8.3 202 9.4 548 13.4 513 13.8| 31 28,657 21.6 30,669 R3.2 479 21.8 548 25.4 498 12.1 498 13.4 32 91,687 69.2 107,351 81.4 701 31.9 821 38,1 1,213 29.6 1,021 R7.5| 33 15,602 11.8 18,228 13.8 100 4.6 85 3.9 195 4.8 231 6.2| 34 2,062 1.6 3,541 2.7 31 1.4 54 R.5 129 3.1 179 4.8] 35 . 4,307 3.2 5,335 4,0 47 2.1 60 2.8 222 5.4 255 6.9| 36 2,002 1.5 2,679 2.0 45 R.1 62 2.9 84 2.0 98 R.6| 37 69,449 52.4 64,736 49,1 714 32.5 703 32.6 1,523 37.1 1,R96 34.9| 38 10,927 8.2 10,127 7.7 259 11.8 225 10.4 829 20.2 535 14.4| 39 13,231 10.0 18,907 14.3 288 13.1 312 14.5 . 128 13.1 155 4,2] 40 6,553 4.9 6,208 6.2 74 3.4 70 3.2 270 6.6 315 8.5] 41 : 24,282 18.3 34,501 26,1 110 1267 149 4,0( 42 695 31.7 600 R7.8 es 71,138 53.7 62,505 47.4 ~ 1,017 24.8 988 26.9] 43 . 18,576 14.0 21,100 16.0 2,410 109.8 2,393 111.0] 42,130] 1,027.1| 36,487 983.8| 44 746604 O - 47 - 13 5 nay affect direct comparability of orice, i a fi 0 cities, excluding Maceid. v ; : % clude es armed forces. : : deaths among amed forces but computed on total population. i d on 1939 population. oe armed forces overseas. I oy computed because population base is not available. eported rs included with Other diseases of the nervous system and. sense organs, see note (14). Includes the bulk of the military and civilian deaths due to operations of war. For Includes 2,038 (52.4) "declared dead." German nationals are excluded. x are not, strictly comparable with those for other countries because they are tabulated by pecial cause-of-death nomenclature and code. For Denmark and Norway, this is true through 1940. countries adopted the 1938 revision of the International List of Causes of Death in 1941. 2 e for the Altreich, plus Austria, and the Sudetenland. e, for the Altreich, i. e., territory of 1937, including the Saar. y and civilian desths due to operations of war included are as follows: Number Finland... v..1940.. 00 0 vivisieiniss 18,892 Netherlands...1942.............. #1,224 L840 «ovis win inle/v sin nie 4,668 VorWey sree nad Sii eventing 1,027 1940... 700 2sscnrvian 1 g25 OETA si BAB. thee a . 911 G000, +5 ves serie? 507 bearorthie. and Transylvania. re for the Trianon Territory plus the Northern Territories, and Subcarpathia. bigjwes data for Karafuto which became part of Japan proper, Apr. 1, 1943. es war losses but- computed on total population. war losses but probably somewhat Low because it was computed on total population spparentily clues war losses but Constant on total Japanese population. available figure tabulated by cause; differs from figure shown in table 14, p. 134. NE des deaths from Ekiri, an acute and fatal form of endemic infantile diarrhea occurring in Japan. Number 0005... i via 7,966 . 1940...c0nunnnnnns 15,993 les data for Klaipeda (Memel) and Vilnius; Klaipeda was ‘annexed by Germany, Mar. 21, 1939. ata are for year ending June 30. rece. gives deaths classified according to the 1920 revision of the ‘International List of Causes of De h which may affect direct comparability of rubrics. Not reported ser Hs : fa in % s of : : ludes also Chronic rheumatism and gout (59, 60) and ! Re sported seperatenys jnclnded, in Other TE = the resp atory | — i i : 3 i Number So : we 1988eae. nil seta ne 11,879 Cait vines 1980... cueniennnnna, 1,265 29.9 Source: Compiled from official yearbooks and vital statistics reports for sa country, ‘and Fis selected secondary sources. See complete biblzography on p. R38. pepiseion primarily from table 3. : TTR TI TR 7 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS 3 : » TABLE 21.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED FROM 14 SELECTED CAUSES: 47 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1935-1944 o ; 3 3 (Exclusive of stillbirths. Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged in the war (1939-1946) include deaths among armed forces. Numbers / after causes bf death are those of the 1038 revision of the detailed International List of Causes of Death. Registration of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, 1s often admittedly incomplete and lpaccurate, especially in Latin America, Africa, and Asia) 2 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fevers (1,2) ¥ Country 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1044 -» AFRICA ’ 2 Union of South Africa: BA Europeans. .ccececeeessl 195 247 182 177 162 —— — ee ion a HA AMERICA | Brazil (21 cities').....| 2552 621 635 667 2556 * ses “x578 #630 #654 #641 is Canada (ex. Yukon and Ne We TOrreYeeosvirsevs 273 256 330 207 180 S224 2165 3108 3116 5.185) Chile,... 740 704 735 589 837 868 719 627 660 846 4 ColombiBeeeecsesnseaeees| 2,774] 2,860 -— | 2,578 2,604 2,503 2,663 —— — The bl Costa RiCaeeteoraanarns 79 68 86 60 59 64 61 75 —— . 55 Hi ECuatdor ccveestvesesiess ®427 448 ©341 ©434 ©425 © 405 5491 5468 5416 — » El Salvador. 55 39 34 33 39 60 68 57 52 7 i Guatenalg®,. 305 293 269 201 — = = #397 #407 peril y Honduras 43 87 140 7 116 77 75 132 174 122 BO Mexicose.eesanrarive.nrl] 4,668 | 4,886 5,616 | 5,508 5,707 6,262 8,729 #5,469 #4,928 *4,876 15 Nicaragua, .scvoonosssses 308 135 128 149 145 200 157 249 147 —— 3 Panama (ex. Indians).... — — — = = a = = 12 15 } araguay (districts®)... — _— — me —— i Fu Aa AePsas na VAT — =o RN oe 22,590 | 0 %2,087 | 10 1,087 1,158 | United States...........| 3,531 3,182 2,743 | 2,418 2,001 51,443 1,088 750 683 551 g UPUGHAY eevee rs vrmeversie 185 174 148 173 203 155 128 215 + 382 — Venezuela (ex. Indians). 328 |, 260 273 213 312 321 301 265 235 253 ha ’ i Gorton Sdn 690 773 880 920 975 989 1,122 982 1,150 1,573 ritish)ecesscecs -— — — a an mo 7s ioe LL 7,478 | 7,148 | 7,388 | 8,116 | 217,252 117 432 il gq 280 e,714 | 29,393 | **1*g,084 om ROPE 16 16 18 16177 eS eke nd sive aa nan 121 105 11 119 130 95 81 100 5 = i Austria... 138 97 No 17 04 1600 18ga *101 7 en ; 73 75 70 35 39 5, ; Be Le 262 8019 18938 18529 15193 18408 18 “el i 25 12 14 13 5 6 14 oi? 0) England and Viales....... 170 25% 199 159 (0) = 127 on (#0) 81 (20,7 20)" BE BD ssannstiness 74 39 73 41 er ®s5 78 a2) ew, 44 x, 153 hoon 3 212 py 08 100 200 ® 2 RH ee ct z © 2 9 z PA i 521 500 [19 8205p | 10 app | as am J 34909 > 242,100 2° 241,386 We] Srvapeuy: a 1.008 Lee i Le £7 - 20 443 2954) 20 gog 20909 30 #339 : : TY "5 6 5 5 61 5. uy Led a a Tceland®yueeve ines 1 ~ iil 8p - = on = 46 56 2 38 ; Ireland (Eire)... 64 | 63 166 o iL iii 5 Tbalyereepaosse %15,228 “13,839 | ®*5,111 [** 5,717 23 977 195,951 75,230 Se rs (2 Lithmanta® 9, 140 147 140 125 128 2) a (2°) i od 2 es t NetherlandSecseecscccese 81 44 49 o 8 2 i . oo 33 Northern Ireland. 2 2 2 z 2 9 2 gid Boi i : A By ee visivns eo % 1,794 1,402 ps oti (inc. Islands).] 1,070| 1,170| 1,312 1,17) 1,102 1,852 1,597 1,528 7% #402 he SCot1aNteeosirssnins soe 45 39 18 2 SW iE wily 049 | 7,040 5,498 3,399 ; y ~ Spain® (inc. Islands)...| 2,800 2,695| 5, 45 A 2 2 2 20 210 es Sweden®s.uosuiuonceens i Bt 3 st 2 » Bn 5 2 : i Switzerland .eeeeescsees : CCEANIA 19 ie 18 Australia (ex. % No z5 eqs 19,4 46 aboriginals)eeecececcses 63 £8 62 = : og q ag 3g ni New Zealand (ex. Maoris) 10 8 9 See footnotes on p. 204. . Fe TEAL pe oe GENERAL MORTALITY EL Ga al TABLE 21.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED FROM 14 SELECTED CAUSES: 47 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1935-1944—Continued re See footnotes on p. R04. i) 7 “9 (Exclusive of stillbirths. Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged in the war (1939-1945) include deaths among armed NN 5 forces. Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of the detailed International List of Causes of Death. Registra- 2 tion of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, 1S often admittedly incomplete and inaccurate, especlally in Latin America, : “Africa, and Asla) ¢ ted Wy Cerebrospinal (Meningococcus) Meningitis (8) 15 Country 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 Ay AFRICA i Union of South Africa: a EUTOPEaNS. eeesnseneses 86 58 47 50 53 — ms ic: ty i i AMERICA . ] Brazil (21 cities*).....| 2*a7 234 244 52 2452 B%a7| %% xp #28 #33 #53 4 Canada (ex. Yukon and - No We TOT Youn eins onion 112 103 93 86 84 100 2206 2147 2125 ®119 ¥ Chilesu ness sss snnevvanse I 7 1 7 2 9 93 872 463 362 Colombiaseeessacccencans — ee ——— — — -— — pe mo 20 ; Costa Bich. svsvsrsevenes I 1 ~- = 3 3 1 4 — 15 a Ecuador, cecrevssvnsenes — _— — — —— foe —— ol, i 3616 : El Salvador..esieensvas — — — —-— i — —— i es Sn Guatemala... — — — — — mc Ha LN — as Honduras... —— —— — —— od avout ——— — dm? i it HeXCOu: cus ssnoovosvses — 11 32 2 — 125 33 #31 #28 #47 Nicaraguasee.:scerecsscos a — a. — ~— —_— mt —e rs a i Panama (ex. Indians).... —— —— rare oral ——— — I a 4 8 : Paraguay (districts®)... —_— — _— -— — — — ee va —— A Peru (ex. jungle pop.).. _— — — —_— — =z *9| 10 x12 10 xg 11 { United StateS...........| 2,657 3,020 =2,208| 1,024 863 3694 5713 3981 | 32,927 32,812 1 UruUguayeeesesoocccassses - - - - 1 - - - 9 —— nl Venezuela (ex. Indians). — 3 - - - - 1 - - - 4 ASIA CeY1OoN. sensscessssvsesss - 4 7 6 6 3 g 4 17 12 India (British)eeceesoss — — _— — — —— — -— — Le Japan (proper) * seeeeees 739 614 481 528 821 674 488 330 13406 15400 4 * 7 3 EUROPE At AUSETi8 5 sia ssn soe svsmvns 15 8 10 18 400 +850 i594 1663 18g; — ” Belglumecoeeeenseennnaes — — rr — -— Rit — Rl — — Bulgaria (towns)eeeceeos —_— —-— —— —_— —— —-— — —_— —-_— CzechoslovaKige.e.aseoos 77 73 69 1°64 18153 18146 1850 18 35 18 x33 —t Denmark ® (ex. Faroe Is.) 41 4] 30 31 ate 19 Vs 3 34 30 231 England and WaleS....ees 619 638 701 655 503| *° 2.459] 1° 2 065] 2° 1,143 *780 #502 Estonia’... .00rnvven 6 15 16 47 (2%) 8 &%) 33 2) 2) FIRLAnE visser vos sasonnie — 116 109 75 86 113 — mind Sa anni France., eeeeccececencss — —— —— — — oor Sie — — — COTA ua nas fiwsialviie wae 776 £18 825 871 S01 1° 398 3P 207/2% Ftegy 3% Rigg) TPB are Greece. Lye En 58 64 122 12¢ ” ITT —_— ra tr en SN Hungary Seodescieeannes 16 22 17 2a] A7-m30] ®°.5e8|¢ ®emp7( #0199] i e0 asp HiS0 #oap Iceland seedless nnnas - 1 - - - XT —— —r—— ie A Ireland (Eir€)ececeeeocses 29 4 54 55 28 2% 41 40 39 37 TEs. i idiarvann shin na ls 2158] P2108 S215" Peng = = 23s mv os TE Lithuanis.ce.sseseanresss — — — —— ——— — —= ==s ho i } NetherlandsS..eeceoeccess 44 57 54 60 46 61 98 #67 -— an Northern Irelandesesssss 12 6 13 12 17 58 ® 105 1890 1944 1925 NOBHEYS is va ave suv sin einioial vs dB 26] 15 18 10 27 79 im —— es Portugal (inc. Islands).| °°184| %%1e8| 2%138| 26176 137 94 109 #244 prs ims | Seotlandeecvicsssvvesson 114 124 144 106 61 482 332 180 127 #04 id Spain * (inc. Islands)...| °7151 — ~~ mr im 217 205 “200 #151 #270 + Ween uate eines sine 27 31 41 29 16 10 22 21 19 er i Switzerland®eceeseeeceas 36 - 20 20 23 20 169 59 50 38 32 | oR 1 Australia (ex. . . i aboriginals)..eeseceess 17 10 20 14 13 1° zg 1° 039] 193243 1° 253 1° 120 va New Zealand (ex. Maoris) 5 9 5 8 4 °10 = ® 112 Baz — & er A ¥ RSL RR eas mitietes ot st111b1rths. Ce * Atrica, and Asia) SH : ed Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged in the war (1939-1945) include deaths among armed J . Scarlet Fever (8) % forces. Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of the detailed International List of Causes of Daath. Reglstra- A tion of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, is often admittedly incomplete and ipaccurate, pepsetally in Latin Agsrice, 1035 | 1936 | 1937 | -1938 | 1939 1940 | 1941 1942 1943 1944 34 28 16 8 12 -— em fe — dane borers (Sh, : Brazil (21 cities’)..... 6 29 9 9 Ze 29 2x2 #4 »#2 34 pela 2 2 Canada (ex. Jen and : (Ew We Terre) erssneve vs] 242 244 269 202 187 812s 5117 ®129 5100 2115 y ess vesesseniesssvel BF 52 169 133 187 51 29 30 26 27 COLOMDLA Lvs sisicisie ss vsnavn — — — — 28 10 —— — ira a Costa R1CAsanssevsevrsse 3 R 1 3 R 3 9 6 —— ——— EOUSAOT. seiese ves nererns — hn. — ——— — ——— So oe me iy go El Salvador........ceoe. 4 6 1 - z 4 1 4 3 3 ge on _— — 35 ten — — #23 #108 ro 468 567 502 304 639 484 405 #502 #460 — We Ee (districts 9 ue — — — — — erm TH, a 3 — Ha Peru (ex. jungle pop.)es| == rs ——- — —-— — #319| 10 ¥177 20 we 5 9%8 ey al bed States...........| 2,718 | 2,493 | 1,824 | 1,206 853 ® 668 454 ® 447 2451 © 422 Bay. Se 5 6 8 2 2 2 1 5 2 — nA (ex. Indians), 8 3 2 - 1 1 - = - - RS ASIA Cey 71ONs ssesssssnscscaces - - - - - - - - X - In India (British) eeesceees — —— -— — — — — — —— 2 Japan (proper IATA 489 487 454 398| +476 11389 11268 AL ogi 12 qgyi 201 1438 oooee ; ¥ RAUBER 8. vou res ouveineer 103 80 83 85 180 18.97 15 244 16200 1° 226 mo ~ Belgiun® witnebessransrsel 188 124 95 127 89 egy | 2s ge 2880] (C7) 1 60 Bulgaria (towns)........ 24 78 133 us| 135 94. , 224 OI]. 88 8 Czechoslovakifeeeeessoss| 549 901 494 | *%164| 143 18728 18256 18485 | 2° #499 ae) Denmark® (ex. Faroe Is.) 112 54 38 42 37 31 23 53 56 70 England ; and Wales.......| 499 440 305 311 *°181 19152 1% © 100 #134 #107 EStonia®Cueeeee.veeeeess| 118 58 44 | 3a (20) 9) (72) 2) (72) ) Finland®...eeeesesneecns 73 208 177 104 86 rue 4 71 100 142 BNEE Tey usianssasseananel BRB 279 comes Ra = [22 83.799 [5 Bl ygpla® BL aq4 — nm BBAYRE uessessssioene| 1,224 | 1,315 1 2,200 | 2,00870, 082 | 221,363] 2°2,874] *°5,892| 3°2,058 2° %% 2 308 260 | 128 28 6a| “%5_ 25 ks £s a RE 231 166 118 2107 **112 28g7| 2%159 ©0103 | C189 20 xg] 2 2 - - 1 - — — — — ) 92 173 | 128 81 43 33 32 25 34 10 ae 92) ,220 | 571 | 289 | laze 307 19125 aslo 247 - Litmanla®0 *,......s.. 4 297 256 262| “254 (2°) ‘(72Y (2°) (20) (*%y [/ NetherlandSesc.ossssosee 58 69 48 58 24 34 #23 #128 was Northern Ireland,esesee. 135 90 32 49 39 27 Ago aslo ¥N ivs NOTWEY Svacaiaasisoss senses 31 42 34 29 20 23 38 =I tenes — Porbuges (inc. Islands). 32 19 32 127 58 28 31 21 18 22 OLIaNt seen osuosssanl 109 172 123 98 47 35 26 24 22 #19 F4 Son * (dnc. Islands)...| 590 494 464 205 127 116 | 63 #5), #68 *89 Sweden. covers revsrnene 66 59 152 120 74 103 17 40 67 —— witzerland® nok vain 24 27 26 31 40 28 13 11 7 10 bein greeny ustralia eX. i 28 56 33 28 29 1934 i%as *200 390 Vi. x%29 8 8 6 2 2 21 2 5 22 — New Zealand (ex. Maoris) See footnotes on p. 204. 5 (Exclusive of stillbirths. Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged in the war (1939-1946) include ‘kate among armed tovudse Yi e after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of the detailed International List of Causes of Death. Registration of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, 1s often admittedly incomplete and Jascourate, especially in Latin America, Africa, and Asla) Whooping Cough (9) | TABLE 2.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED FN 4 sep ass N Country 1935 | 1936 | 1957.4 1938 1939 1940 AFRICA Union of South Africa: | EUrOPeaNSeeccsssconess 147 264 169 128 139 — AMERICA . Brazil (21 cities ).....| 2473 678 841 884 2776 2476 Canada (ex. Yukon and Re Wa TPT Yue sevcncaos 892 594 763 496 541 2628 Chile..eeeenerrssreraee.| 2,288] 2,230) 1,570) 21,374 1,244 2,101 Colombiasesseassesssvess] 3,138] 2,47 —| 4,793 4,138 2,312 Costa RiCassesessenenrns 612 423 82 41 78 476 Ecuador®................| 3,084] 2,999] 1,536| 1,640 6,977 7,134 E1 Sa1vadors.eessceceess 175 740| 1,257 915 562 547 Guatemala®y..,esvs..0000| 2,682| 2,436| 3,059 3,112 — — Honduras® 7... uavssensses 327 565 431| ©1,016 1,257 526 MexiCO.ssransssunnanaess| 21,787] 9,314 12,365| 15,755 14,59 8,336 Nicaraguas.eeeeseronness 389 130 174 486 220 219 Panama (ex. Indians).... — _— — — errs HE Paraguay (districts®)... —— — -— —— — so Peru (ex. jungle pop.).. — -— -— oe Fn a TI" United States...........| 4,753| 2,666| 4,981 4,778 8,026, 2,926 UTURUST s+ snes sass seeson 140 76 105 37 63 55 Venezuela (ex. Indians). 467 280 70 154 697 212 ASIA CEYION: Ssvsenrunpsnssoss 69 45 97 140 50 101 India (British)eeoe..... ee ron — mn [17 TT ‘Japan (proper)..........| 12,216| 9,751 | 10,9e5 8,871 10,103 8,792 209 263 170 38" — os 56 BEY Zim eves eeians vases 547 433 386 380 oe 3 Bulgaria (towns)seeesese 47 50 8 De os ) EEE, 806 656 s66| 2°266 18208 i8320 Dermark® (ex. Faroe Is.) 263 300 87 80 178 : 105 England and Wales.......| 1,473] 1,918| 1,600| 1,052 1° 1.220 os 678 BRO esarsrrrirnnrs 48 24| 1m 8s 20§ (2) Finland®e.ceeeursenenses 387 273 250 375 249 o, 453 FIAD0E Se srnsensinsorness 836| 1,220 —- —— Je Bn Germany ®2........ 00000] 1,820] 3,126| 2,624) 2,501(° 232, 700 [2° 1,375 s06| 1,861] 1.841] 1, 008 2% gg oe oa 331 s01| 304 195 27 245 504 Joeland Ss evescvarisses 123 I - Ye 455 reland (Eire)eceseecess 125 229 283 180 I 313,022[%32,372|%%,740| ®*2,168| °* 1,797 21,905 Litmania®™ %.......... 548 279 145 326 875 °) Netherlands. e.cseee. oes 323 406 334 322 257 434 . Northern Ireland...oeos. 70) + 133 146 110 68 141 NOTREY Sec vv's sr mus sine ries 35 53 55 36 45 84 Portugal (inc. Islands). 678| 1,151] 1,350 586 571 902 SCOLIANG. evs siaussenvins 567 411 7.7 219 397 197 Spein® (inc. Islands)...| 1,0%| 1,493| 1,100 966 1,201 897 Sweden®...., eqese 74 98 120 63 4 44 Switzerland®.’seieeseeses 101 118 146 57 83 136 * OCEANIA ; Australia (ex. os aboriginals)eees.eeesas 162 257 179 144 82 265 | New Zealand (ex. Maoris) 42 47 13 21 2 23 See footnotes on p. 204. fy ‘ / 3 HE Tl) al dL 194 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 21.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED FROM 14 SELECTED CAUSES: 47 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1935-1944—Continued (Exclusive of stillbirths. Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged in the war (1989- after causes of death are those Of the 1938 revision of the detailed International List of Causes of certification of cause, 1s often admittedly incomplete and inaccurate, especially in Latin America, Diphtheria 10) Death. 1948) include deaths among armed forces. Numbers Registration of deaths, as well as medical Africa, and Asia) Country 1955 | 1936 | 1937 1938 1939 1840 "1941 1942 1943 1944 AFRICA Union of South Africa: EUIOpeans. coveeres. sos 78 90 120) 136 143 ~— re re Se — ¥ * AMERICA i iL . Brazil (21 cities).....| 2362 409 361 371 393 377 2 #445 #331 #314 #338 Canada (ex. Yukon and Ne We Terre Ye seers ees 264 258 369 434 336 ®213 ® 240 2256 287 ° 309 295 243 208 194 184 149 179 233 263 267 185 242 — 280 260 217 eed — oe Bd 61 e9 108 55 40 38 55 47 — — — — rs — 75 151 — — ie = 35 29 32 43 49 40 29 56 | 43 4s, 78 79 43 70 me — a = yg. we a —— — 7 1 13 15 i Mexico seevase. 1,303| 1,444 ye 1.238 1172 1,070 0 ae 172 #1,008, Nicarague.cececsssessss 10 9 1 — Panama (ex. Indians).... _— -— — — -_— i ade —— 25 19 J ~ 4 — Ho Paraguay (districts®)... me — — — —— 21 1 is - Peru (ex. jungle pop.).. —_ a. Nt -— — as TTT 5. ¥116 ad #119 #170 L 3 United States.,.........| 3,001] 5,085| .2,637| 2,556) 1,997 1,457 1,208 1,278 1,196 1,1 UPREURY seven’ siiivs =i veo 398 323 261 226 192 173 211 120 137 — Venezuela (ex. Indians). 26 55 49 79 7 87 67 76 83 102 : ASIA CBT10M neve vsas-ssnsnsee 3 33 34 39 43 55 73 50 66 8 India (British).e.cceees — — —_— — — ee —— — ——— Le Japan (Batiatlearesrens 4,462 | 4,332 4,253| 4,135|215,272 114,744 22 5,004 31 5,158.1 32 1%q 100 8,240 EUROPE 16 16 — ASETIa ve ovssnvevenavis 992 867 726 738 637 > 561 e485 12525 an 877 2 5m Belgium®e. curessss ores 384 377 476 499 457 1 i i nt 15% Bulgaria (towns)...eecee 129 201 169 93 1 3 16 29 oa veweese | + 2;507( 2,355] 2,862] *Enag | Be o% ve ns 183,404 "1,857 = nmark © (ex. Faroe Is. 165 111 75 68 i ] Pome i ave In) 3,408| 3,003| 2,808 =2,861|° 2,130 (ackr4e8 Ed *1,371 bs Estonia’ reso ns Eres Li Bi 2 = ( dei aa 7) gos a1 i Frans ses 1,605 | 1,325 — =m —|* 51,528" 1,559 Menaeet ae “8 13,458 Gomanr 7,618| 7,372| 6,487| 8,508|°6,855| 15 8/570] 2° 1z,g88 | 2 12,855 13,458 g terre 276 312 282 292 29 52 pn > eo Shh 580 423 404 308 | 27338 Foe 2° 295 30445 Re ave wu Teeland®. cevsvessvsnsoes 4 3 2 - - I= 267 310 208 ae 345 293 314 245 178 29 Ireland (Eire)........ *1g,571| 22,7482 2,69 | °2 2,468 1° 2,410 Re get & —— “5 4 1 ; pi Se } 103 213 e72 *2,519 we 129 69 76 70 127 39 as 91 72 ot 9 17 13 2 8 —_ pron 20 ; 801 575 605 565 Portugal (inc. Islands). 242 7% om un 305 676 517 20 =r nes Spain (ine. Tolspas)..| 128) 1,108) 1,778) 2,05] eose| sa] 1,868 58 8s 38 = s : 24 26] - 8 8 2, 3 ies ye WedenN cesseosoccscvance . 50 35 n 59 Switzerland®..... 94 45 5 OCEANIA Le hye Xo 19 19 305 19 240 277 1 sire i ss ieuhe 412 454 314 308 344 Jes j= £2 3go ~ / a. £3 a ie oe oh = 24 15 7 New Zeal ex. Mao! See footnotes on p. 204. RRR TSR RET 3 mn 3 3 1 3 Hy 3 a 5 ed ‘GENERAL MORTALITY A 7 TABLE 21.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED FROM 14 SELECTED CAUSES: 47 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES s 1935-1944—Continued (Exclusive of stillbirths. Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged In the war (1939-1945) include deaths among armed forces. Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of the detailed International List of Causes of Death. Registration of deaths, as well as medical certification of _cause, 1s often admittedly incomplete and lnaccurate, especially in Latin America, Africa, and Asia) Tuberculosis (All Forms) (13-22) Country ‘| 1985 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 fan g AFRICA i x Union of South Africa: Europeans. ............ 798 691 744 7% 766 C7) CY) 7%) 9) 5) AMERICA Brazil (21 cities’).....|”13,464| 15,782 14,728| 15,343| 214,753 ®15,008| ®#15,605 #16,029 #16,878|#17,658 Canada (ex. Yukon and : 5 No Wo Terre).ceeeeeess| 6,597 6,763| 6,669] 6,126 5,977 5,789 ®6,072 ®5,980 © 6,168] ®5,724 i Chilesc.ceeerseonnncess| 11,258 11,881| 12,155 12,792| 12,355 13,067 12,762 13,210 23, 120| 12,837 2 Colombiaesesesseeecseess| 3,837 3,860 —| 4,087 4,002 4,139 4,311 —| 2% *°3 564 -— x Costa Bichecosrscornnese 535 479 499 512 536 477 513 511 498 486 Ecuador®s.seeeseceoenees | 2,142 2,589) 2,335] 2,663 2,560 2,634 23.0 .66) °9 2,247 8 2,351 -— El Salvadorseeeseseseses 765 622 675 728 743 698 847 882 822 821 Guatemala®,..... viola 910 1,988| 1,958 = — i #1,462 * —— Sie alatiioed OF 0 BE 0d BR BY st1e| 2°286 3% 517 4° 295 Bie Cod Rep MexicOssoeeanennnnaeaas | 10,054 10,196| 10,646 10,909 10,722| © 11,199 11,183 #10,805 #11,825 |#12,413 ’ NACAregUas.esnreansnanns| 29279 39160| 39208] °9'281| 35281 35234 39" 288 397544 er7| Panama (ex. Indians).... id — — — -— — a— 705 861 ! Paraguay (districts®)... —— — — 383 371 373 432 394 3 Peru (ex. jungle pop.).. SA sine mf 0 Lo pe ee J wer #5,547 30n5,7071- ~ 20#8 532 6, ase A United States...........| 70,080 71,527| 69,324| 63,735| 61,609 380,428 359, ,251 357, 690 357,005 354, 4,731 : UTURUEY vee vorsvnrrasvael | 2,5560 2,274 “3 3m0l" 2 400 2,156 2,346 2,224 2,351 #2,567 : Venezuela (ex. Indians). | 3,322 3,256| 3,203] 3,349 2,566 3,510 5.418 3.518 , 3,808 4,085 ! | ASIA ’ die CeYLONeesveseaseseesanes | 3,848) 3,558| 3,552] 3,502 3,630 3,682 3,678 3,428 3,535] 3,720 4 India (British). ” — — —_— — —_— — — — — — Japan (proper)..........| 132,151| 145,160 | 144,620| 148,827 -*154,371| 153,154 11154,344 | 31161,484 [** 22171,473 —— EUROPE rs hustria,e...ocoeieennens | 7,343) 6,776| 6,734] 6,69 Sr — — — oe er i Belglum®u.uonnsnnennens| 6.20% 5,992 5,920 5,744 5,727 26 920 168,116 187,838 7) 166,745 ; Bulgaria (HORS). .ensons 2,211 2,035| 2,028| 2,085 2,262 2,416 2,307 2,488 2,418) 2,348 : Czechoslovalia.......... | 20,417| 19,603| 18,896] 2°8,308| 2°&,745 1897711 810,184 1911,133 | 12 #10,808 — x4 Denmark® (ex, Faroe Is.)| 1,809) 1,736] 1.664] 1,539 1,307 1,357 1,345 1,350 1,343| 1,329 : England and Wales.......| 28,489| 27,467| 27,754 25,530 1925,597 39g) 871 100g, 273 © 25,145 #25,649 ¥24,163 EstoniaZ’,. .| 1,885 1,845| 1,818] (*°) (Eo ih 3 (*9) ¢°) oY Finland®,. .| 6,822 7,986] 7,255 7,204 7,60], 7,842) 7.275] 8,165 7,189] 7,239 : France seeeeeoececev.os| 51,450) 49,480 — — om “es, 320 159,972 | 1° #57 962 — ed Germany «eo | 48,879] 47,507| 45,601| 42,697 g ) £2) > ¢ etme im Oreece.,o....c...o0esue.| 9,334 8,846) 8,950 8,250 2,368 2,529| 2%3,318 0g. 5,013 — —— Hungary >° eee | 14,194] 13,646| 13,441] 12,846 %714,099 815.539 920,534 24,632 wi on Iceland ...... ae’ 149 157 155 108 94 "104 — -— — — ; Ireland ni weo|. 3,770| 3,480] 3,639| 3,216 3,304 3,685 3,71| 4,347 4,306| 3,839 { 4 TERY eres penne ee | 238,037 1g” ,496 359) ,180 digg) 892 | °133,643 3s 33,250 ae 36,489 19 246,221 — — 3 Lithuania? 3%; ae 2 ’523 g, I342 2, ‘23 2 ’120 58.2 0B). =>) =>) (22) (=9) (20) ! Netherlands... . Jl aja1e| 4j2s7| 4l122| sede 3,604 3,881 5,305 #5,549 26,861) = Northern Ireland . 1,3501 1,315] -1,es1f 1,178 1,090 1,266 29.3 ,339 193,259 19)1,190(2°1,164 NOTWAY ®eeeevsennadeenees| 3,088] 2,084) 2.836] 2,571 2,508 2,415 2,373 — —— — Portugal (inc. Islands). | 11,658] .11,688| 11,181| 11,467| 10,867 11,764 12,454 * 12,566 12,068 11,645 Scotlandseece.s.eoeoees | 3,646 3,665| 3,663) 3,432 3,526 3,979 4,175 3,008 3,950| #3,935 3 Spain® (inc. Islands)...| 26,653] 25,372 ‘20,935| 32.579 31.136 29,185 32,877 #32,074 #20,975|#30,028 Sweden®..vussves ve 5,999] 5.834] 5.401] 5.175 4,756 4,516 4,777 4,354 4,164| -#4,238 Switzerland ......onenee| 4.058] 590] zle2v] 3400 3,371 3,303 3,371 - 3,534 3,304| 3,543 OCEANIA eX. BE et is 2,853 2,836) 2,756] 2,658 2,709 39 2,573 eo 2 734 1° 2,818 02,540 192,387 New Zealand (ex. Maoris) 576 680 590 597 613 600 597 607 572] — See footnotes on p. 204. CREA “H d A } A rr uf N ' . t ¢ mame 2. — va OF ss HEPOKTED FROM 14 SELECTED Causes: 4 47 SPECIFIED eotvmsizs; 1905-1044—Cont med EEE 2a CR J g Eo Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged in the war (1939-1945) include deaths among armed forces. ‘Numbers r causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of the detailed International List of Causes of Death. Registration of deaths, as well as Reales] ification of cause, 1s often admittedly Incomplete and inaccurate, especially in Latin America, Africa, and Asia) s i “ Influenza (33) : : ; Wp) 1935 1936 1937 1938 +1939 1940 1941 1042 1943 1944 a ® AFRICA ~ Union of South Africa: 3 Burcpeans..........srs 1,192 356 518 327 285 203 te — Sas a) ROE ; } I = bi i 23,022 2,301| 2,541] 2,664 2,667 22,308 * 2,637 #2,878 *#2,874 | #3,374 ! eX. on and ) 5 i T@TTs)eusnes-svin 3,392 3,113 5,260 2,362 3,955 22,789 ®2.411 £1,227 %2,413|°1,864 ; 8,624 7,640 6,107| 7,636 5,389 5,412 4,320 + 3,265 2,603 | 2,523 3,052 2,987 — — 234 I 285 2,783 — — — a > oa 110 46 88 a ’519 9% lB — —l — —— 1,942 2,115 3,059 1,811 1,452 i E 505 529 457 467 456 455 1,153 758 - 43) 929 yA Del “ae| “iee| “the 102 Pre | ewm| 'ss| sor 5,781 4,716 9,008| 4,217 9,765 "4,087 7,804 3,197 #3,666 | #5,569 2 144 111 236 173 181 207 166 113 163 = wi Panama (ex. "Indians).... — a ——— — Ae — — —— 4 5 ‘ replay (districts®)... — -— — 155 88 110 189 64 (ex. jungle pop.).. _— — —_—] — — —— #8,062 ich #7,162 30 #6, 607 ,.6 061 ed States...........| 28,250] 33,811 38,005 16,520 21,464 320,157 391,047 10,902 17,219 [17,320 74 147 179 73 102 : 55 : 57 *140 =i 0515 458 100 182 184 104 101 85 109 206 1,917 1,583 2,087| 1,888 1,702 1,898 1,807 1,645 | 2,153| 2,228 . 3,070] 8,670 2,901 7,646] 15,848 ug164| 234,351 23,0813 223,412 1,404 447 896 644) « | -— 2,624 1,915 2,058 1,789 3,108 162,053 162.075 282,001) 427) 16,685 205 161 216) 141 Jo 153 ool, am - 1s ie 3 97 2,101 980 1,764 448 894 467 1,065 * — 100 231 8 So 5 i 17 Te 4 Ye 39.5 ne 223. pris 39 5 id a8 3 Eo #12,616| #3,900 2 86 ’z35 ’186 ’ 286 *°)’ (=0y’ #0)’ =)’ #9)” w a 207 1,718 545 989 "598 016 529 336 y 7,677 4,487 _—— — —|1® 22 11,576| 2° %12,165(*° 213,798 _— —— tess o's veins 21,970| 19,433 17,612| 9,574[*° 222,253 a — } pn — — | Greece.yii.veiseiecniane 5,243 2,963 7,008| 3,380 =~4a3| =Pa08| 2°528 20188 == me 1 Hy et alesis dainninn ss 955 484 573 686 994 1,162 1,351 871 — a ort ®. 23 5 87 28 2 -— — — — 963 683 2,772 702 1,001 828| 1,335 388 461) 812 21) 704| *10,675| >*12,110[* 8,531 315c3n 1° 6,079) 1° 7.524) 1° 24,236 er — 616 283 73% 308 331178] (0) =)’ can (20) os (=0) 4 ner] , : t * —— Netherlandse.eeseosessos 1,590 1,564 3,156] 1,100 1,018 1,577 4,298 torthepn Treland........ ‘a6 ’273| 1.148] 258 401 665 19 443 1° 194 10 339] 1° 215 x see) ain, 18k 127 167 53 402 126 es HR a tel rtugal (inc. Islands). 2,339 1,288 1,776| 1,778 1,305 1,514 1,114 1,290 753| 1,208 ‘ Portugal (ine. Talent). 1,459 ’eso| 2.603] 396 915 1,701 705 308 1,155|. *ses Spain” (inc. Islands)... 8,075 4,085 4,526) 5,047 501 LL 5,758 2,65 *,089 #5,153 WBACTS ve age sssaseensss 685 646 1,173 190 s YC silly RR "1,895 632 ’e3| 1,199 1,996 1,593 336 304 198 1,240 g 19 19 ‘aboriginals)..eeeeseses 1,168 474 394 623 887 19354 1% 345 lo 556 441 180 Shot) | ’110 140 110, 133 170 ®119 375] 2248 °65| ——m New [geatend (ex. Maoris) ’ (Exclusive of hinds. Unless ov \tarces. Numbers after ‘causes of ft ‘are Zenoso: of the 1098 revision of the detailed International List of Causes 0 tion of deaths, as well ag medical certiriestion of cause, 1s often admittedly Tcomplene: and neverntsy cepectanty in Africa, and Asia) ; : 3 1 Kae Smal tot (34) Country ] 1938 | 1939 . AFRICA ‘Union of South Africa: Europeans....eesesesss AMERICA Brazil (21 cities®)..... Canada (ex. Yukon and oie Tere Yooh sacsnnee Chile. .vosuvss Colombia, ... Costa Rica.. Ecuador a El Salvadorscesevescises Guatemala Seesreresarnen OnINTRET yyy caine en MexXiCOusesenossnesananas NLCAragUE..eeeennsoennss Panama (ex. Indians).... Paraguay (districts®)... Peru (ex. jungle pop.).. United States.eevececese Uruguayeseceesscsecacens Venezuela (ex. Indians). ASIA FIChsonss vnrgtnsnnunn Sodie (British) eeesess..| 89, 103,451 16 20 Japan (Proper)....ceeees EUROPE AUSEYLB. ovr snnvsiit eens Belgiumessosresssssenaee Bulgaria (towns)se.eoeee Czechoslovakigeesees nes Denmark © (ex. Faroe Is.) England 3 ¥KaleS.cesens > © RE = oxo Hoy} FIance sire irnsannone GreecCescesecessscsccnces [= 1S Iceland®...... Ireland (Eire)eee..e.ees Ttalyeesessessennnnannss Lithuanie®® 2, 000. NetherlandSe.esseesseess Northern Ireland........ NOTWAYS vale av eanioisisies sine Portugal (inc. Islands). Scotland..ceecresnsssses Spain * (dnc. Islands)... Sweden® sevsasessaenniie Switzerland®eseecenessss & © 5 @ 2 EOF red © + 1 Grea bat] — wn Lr Ered wn Fro Rel 11 ow EM) 11 ol CCEANIA Australia (ex. aboriginals)..ceeseesns New Zealand (ex. Maoris) See. footnotes on p. R04. rl ERE CG Lh ny Li x KEY i : INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 21.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED FROM 14 SELECTED CAUSES: 47 ‘SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1955-1044—Contined ~~ (Exclusive of stillbirths. Unless otherwise Spectres, ‘figures for countries engaged in the war (1039-1946) theives deaths among- armed BY forces. Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of the detailed International List of Causes 6f Death. Registra=- « : tion of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, 18 often admittedly Insonplete and Inaccurate, especially in Latin America, ar Africa, and Asla) ES Measles (35) I Country 1935 1938 1937 1938 193 1040 1941 1942 © 1943 1944 Bi AFRICA Union of South Africa: Europeans.ececesecenss 150 35 142 77 46 — — ——— — — ! AMERICA Brazil (21 cities)..... %g70| 1,213 472 982 2073 %514 = 544 #733 #846| #882 Canade (ex. Yukon and : ° BEN. W. TerreYeeven..onss 490 376 37 250 197 ®168 S505 5171 ®190| °239 Pr Chile. ..........: 922 514 504 831 707 * 520 480 777 324 97 BE Colombia. ..ueesrsnivens 933] 187 —| 2,998 803 393| **1,041 =— met Costa Rica. Sees eedereven 354 67 4 - - - - 867, — —— Ecuador sescesesvescenes 176 856 690 997 .. 172 814 696 1,7e8 495 —_— El Salvader.............| 1,515 238 87 33 1,863 1,267 223 782 1,804 474 BE uatemals®,.............| 2,287 164 129| 2,280 — — | 1,074] 7,524 Raa i Honduras® Dl wniwin'a ve vain 46 400 172 820 286 728 454 162 262 303 MeXiCOo.seaverancansenass| 9,351] 12,786 | 14,743 | 8,949 10,173| 17,928 6,591 | #0,450| #19,884| 9,273 ‘ Nicaragua..e..ceoveeeeae 509 8 1 2 - 4 520 1,61) 13 i. Panama (ex. Indians).... — — -_— — — — —-— -— 5 4 1 Paraguay (districts?®)... — ———— —— -— re ——- — 7 —— Peru (ex. jungle pop.).. — mene ——— —— —— |, x20 10%ggg %2, 74 1,586 United StateS...........| 3,907| 1,267| 1,501| 3,296 1,174 706 2,279 | °1,302| °1,301|%1,923 BIRENET , vainsssessosvenan 15 12 58 22 17 20 14 18 20 — : Venezuela (ex. Indians). 55 64 373 280 80 55 62 { 104 48 164 th ASIA : \ Ceyloneossoeesesrsosssvens 16 16 41 50 Rs 31 44 20 ik eR 0 5 Indias (British)eccecees. — — — — —— — aa mn ——— wm Jepan (proper).eseeeesee 9,816| 5,264 | 10,889 4,997| '*14,680( 5,101] 14,616| 16,7941 322] 881 —_— EUROPE ARBEIT A. cies raves nssvons 163 100 20 6 — — — — ——— —— Belgiumt, oes orecernesas 295 336 224 23) 134 16909 | + 18344 1150] (17) 166% Bulgaria (towns)....ee.. - i ER 15 35 23 22 1 7 42 I Czechoslovaki. eesesoeos 310 723 605| 279 18213 a8 29 13147 18gq| 18 432] ot 5 Denmark® (ex. Faroe Is.) 294 17 14 ‘101 ve 31 ae 29 1 51 25 is — iE. England and WaleS.......| 1,264| 2,593 980| 1,524 303 855 | © 1,142 58 # * : Estonia’ ED tiasranserernt vel 19 11 oll L232) >) ( 8 (2°) \2)! i y Be Pl ang® Ea aie ese 2 ; i 8 1 azf 2 A > W wi 5 11s Germany 2.....eceeueeenn | 1,701] 1,843 | 1,327| 1,407[2° 203 974 oe —_— — ny Greece.ssuererncseincees 357 492 £80 26% °67 25106 = 10 a Life -— a HUNEArY 28: va ves e snnvn se 333 312 93 168 + 2799 8 202 22a 0234] - 20 #103 —— i ’Iceland®...... - 55 5 : - - su -— ve — ] Ireland (Eire s16f- gml. 128 102 84 77 89 79 32 144 i i 21 2,420| 1,966 |* 2,137 |*12,861 217.293 *°1,128 1° 2,000 19 1 203 kT ee Lithuan1a®® °%..eeuenies. 190 54 33 221 155 (29) 2) *) (2%) {3C) { Netherlandseeesesccosscs 193| © 232 111 302 47 146 179 "109 161 mus Fi Northern Irelandesee.sss 420 22 28 308 16 1% "18 268 34 8 re 5 18 — — —— © Norway seececsccccaccene 47 22 19 42 Portugal (inc. Islands).| = 1,702 747(/ eo0s| 1,411 685 1,319 1,616 784 484 2 ¢ Seotland.ese. vr essrssiss 141 610 119 549 15 262 103 144 88 ve \ sSpain® (inc. Islands)...| 2,339 1,036) 4,386| 2,596 3,840 Pee a 1,80 Lam 535 ; EWERen®: ou pu eer vers rave 8% 237 38 3 —— fi switzerland®..uuiveoenss 25 29 91 20 5 81 17 17 14 18 h ~ : OCCANIA ustralia (ex. 19 19 19 19 ping tT nines bans 129 43 18 10 193 Ly 126 19 245 11 New Zealand (ex. Maoris) 1 3 4 163 8 1 A 31] Li See footnotes on n. 204, { r ETERS . | GENERAL MORTALITY 199 ? i TABLE 21.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED FROM 14 SELECTED CAUSES: 47 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1935-1944—Contihved (Exclusive of stillbirths. Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged in the war (1939-1045) Include deaths among armed forces. Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of the detailed International List of Causes of Death. tion of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, 1s often admittedly incomplete and inaccurate, especially in Latin America, Africa, and Asia) Acute Poliomyelitis and Acute Polioencephalitis (36) { Reglstra- Country 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 | 1939 1940 1941 | 1942 1943 1944 AFRICA Union of South Africa: EUTODeaNS.eceeeeeseoss 1 12 24 17 1 0 Sid a An ei AMERICA » Brazil (21 cities').....| °*14 2% Sgn 219] >%aa 245 | 3441) #12 #25 #19 Canada (ex. Yukon and Ne Wo TOITe)eseevasenes 64 97 200 83 “56 a8 es 64 ®26 ° 38 Chia. soevesssrnaennses 14 4 11 15 8 20 28 30 36 219 Colombilasessesesssssssse om Ri nn 140 ten 6 2 5 s 1 Costa Ricarecoeanioonnns 3 1 2 1 - 3 2 S a \ 12 Ecuador sesecesscseccess -— -— a — 3 1 1 2 1 14 El Salvador. sscsevechens — — en — —— — — — 4 rr Guatemala sveevecacesane —— -— — — —— - - Eo #3 — Honduras.ececceecscocnoes er a. — — ce wo ne ies — bh UeXA00. stvsveovsouensrsl fii mrmn -— — _— — 91 34 #40 *58 #10 Nicaraguseeecssneccsnene on om rn 3 2 1 x1 5 3 - Panama. (ex. Indians).... me ee — — 1 - — - - 3 Paraguay (districts®)... — — — — — tin onl —— i ana Peru (ex. jungle pop.).. _— en en — — —_— —— {20 30g 10 m6 23 United StateSeesseceesso| 1,040 780 | 1,461 487 7951 °1,026.({" 2807 ® 561 21,151 21,361 UrHzuaY vevessesssnnsie sen 2 4 3 1 2 2 - 4 20 ee Venezuela (ex, Indians). 5 22 15 1 2 ” 37 8 3 1 ASIA COLON, sss sn erriinivess 2 4 5 4 5 10 10 6 a7 21 India rina evsveseve -— — -— — — — re nae Loe — Jepan (pProper)ecececsses 412 516 —~— -— | 12613 11648 | +1851 11708 1 1% gas, — EUROPE : f } Austrin,cecveosvsssvesve 14 84 73 56 31 1632 | 16g0 153% L809 1 — Belgium®. coco icnesceruve 24 25 36 21 41 Bazil 1840 2eq0 |: 1%) a os Bulgaria (towns).eececo.. — — — —— — _— — — — — Czechoslovakize.eseooe.. 37 49 45 esl **1e S39 | 2838 2% ng % 80 at Denmark® (ex. Faroe Is.) 18 8 136 40 * 12 44 78 2 151 England and jaleSeese...| 146 103 153 256.1 22343 |. 2%359f 30355 20405 C109 ERR res ss rar yeinns : 2 4 20. | (2). GED ED =) *%) FERLAnd Soules sviss va senses 23 32 28 82 33 142 43 27 47 82 FroNCCussciecesvessssvesne — — — —— — owe — a=aman — awe— Germany. vas esnseavern| 260 331 420 696 | *°315 | °184| °460| 19341 3% 267. 12 24.9008 GT0BLO us oie sani n nian 36 60 44 42 a — ~— eee -— —_— HANgary Cevisscavaonnanaal’ cr 85 52 19 26 [27 #55 2847. "2078 809g 20 60 30 wap TCELaRA ores ssinnrerinns 29 5 2 3 1 -] — —_ -— == Ireland (Eire).ceccecses 5 8 9 1 4 12 20 75 58 | 1 Thal¥evessyossenneneess| B17 | %*439 | 1337 | 2300 | — —— —- Pe Pants wanes ns 5 4 — — -— | (*9) 2 470 (22) (=°) NetherlandSeeeccscecscsss 7 17 8, 57 +25 13 2 3 — — Northern Ireland..eeeees| =—- -— 5 2 3 4. 2932 229 az gt NOT¥AY senna ssnnonseunes 22 85 31 14 6 15 315 — — Pa Portugal (inc. Islands).| —— 16 16 26 13 13 18 8 — sened BOOLIAN sts aviv s sani ves 10 24 11 16 10 12 24 10 10 #16 Spain’ (inc. Islands)...| °731 — — — — 38 29 67 #82 #54 OREABN sie rar vanrionseel> 276 427 206 158 58 40 53 80 211 — Switzerland®ee.euees cons 46 121 177 39 53 24 149 84 “34 224 OCEANIA 2 Australia (ex. ! ¥ 4e eboriginals)ee.evecenss yl % 115 159 27 * 933 25 1°34 190g 22. New Zealand (ex. Maoris) 1 5 29 4 4 3 2 4 — i See footnotes on p. R04. ’ Cancer and Other Malignant Tumors (45-55) yo Xt 5 ) Healy x roe SARAH - INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS : TELE 21. —MOEER OF DEATHS FEPORTED FROM 14 SZLEerED CAUSES: @ ‘SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1985-1944—Cont nued 1usive of stillbirths. Unless ‘otherwise specified, eaves for countries engaged in the war (1036-1945) include deaths emong armed forces. Nasbers 2 “arter causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of the detailed International List of Causes of Death. Registration of destlis, as well as medical certification of cause, is often admittedly incomplete and inaccurate, especially in Latin America, Africa, and Asia) k= 5 Country 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 FAN AFRICA Bion of South Africa: : 1,890, 1,954 2,178] 2,153 2,217 (20) G7 G7 ¢7) i, AMERICA i] : 4 mn (R1 cities').....| %2,745| 2,887] 3,013] 3,179 3,322 3,535 *3,774( © %3,989| #4,000| #4,38% ~ Canada (ex. Yukon and 3 ; 11,156 11,694 11,963 12,038 12,399 ®13,322 ®13,417 213,654] °14,135| °14,271 3,084 3,283 3,157 3,406 3,321 3,503 3,717 3,725 3,724 | 4%4,111 2,395 2,702 -—| 2,814 2,743 2,372 3,374 -—] 22 3,554 £23 4704 349 321 361 396 426 412 426 411 424 +452 — - -—] %%580 473 573 553 592 597 — 202 139 179) 175 233 230 235 258 345 347 301 264 201 326 — ——— re #406 #394 nd 35 66 67 60 73 i: 75 98 84 96 3,335| 3,469] 3,708] 3,850 4,009 "4,553 4,507 | *° 5,483 *°#5,512 [*° #5,955 433g 45 gg 13g, “2550 43509 43570 318 23g0 23 58 ~~ — — -— — — este a — 238 256 — ws — 142 158 144 | 185 104 : — — — — “%g14| *° %1,063 #952 ” #1,014 X #1, 139 i, 154 - 187,649) 142,613| 144,774| 149,214 153,846| °158,335| °159,926 163,400] >166,848 2171,171 1,747| 1,792] 1,875] 1,841 1,929 2,130 2,193 2,189 %2,367 593 676 783 814 911 956 978 1,141 1,118 1,266 I ASIA i eon 553 546 567 599 653 673 736 789 765 797 India (British).eec..... — — — — — — non — em EL depen (proper).ee.csssss| 49,111 49,212] 50,648] 50,447 “151,129 *'so,040| *’s1,072| *'s2,936f" 52,678 — : 12,3 12,508) 11,009 ABEL... cases ers nnnns 65 —— ia | Justa. RRR 9,166] 9.801 10,325 10,252| 2% 9,048] 10,566 °10,744| (7) [*®10,617 1,018) 1,085 1,149 1,006 1,188 1,076 1,218) = 1,200 1,197 19,140| 18,925 eg’ 739 1807266] 1°10,491 280,002] °11,133 *10, 862 — 5,612| 5,497 or 50 5,459 5,568 5,752 5,881 6,140 6,263 64,302| 64,943 ee 2267,135 Py ,740 Pad 2 10, 139) #72,155 PE 1,827 3,585 £55) a 4 4 4a ’ “%3,664| **3,810| **3,873 3,617 as i ne 45 mg? 55 3,55 4,104 ’ ioik 98,356 100, 548[%° 22118, 427 Sme ys ph ie — . Greece... ........ 3,037| 3,419 3,432 *°3,718 L923 seen] Poon 664 — sh i 9,881 9,854] 10,329 8 813 279 824 11,168 13,286 °° 15,198 -— — 152 149 165 141 163 153 —— —_— — — 4,055 4,043 4,176 Irelend (Eire).... 5,628 3,573 = 3,708 = 3,703 3,738 3,773 3,790 ’ 5 ; oH . 2 135,045] 36,087|* 57, 2020 * 37,805 238, J011 Ea 39 39,576 2D x40, 576 ol soe fh Lithuania gs 1,103| 1,184 1,190 xs 2204 2 065 ( ) : °) { =) Nether 10,641] 11,240] 11,272 11,798 11,728 1 we , 42,831 +18,058| %15,038| .es| 1,602 1,664] 1,668] 1,700 1,721 1,764 1.708 1,837 1,892 1,852 JOTWEY a seensanseeeseess| 3,662] -3,756( 3,800 . 3,803 4,007 4,010 SL el —— HEE, a ‘Portugal (inc. Islands). 5.546] 3.518] 3.739 3,619 3,535 3,538 3,860 3,590) 3,479 3,601 ft 7,793 7,909] 7,810 8,072 8,045 8,208 8,436 8,567 e,659| #8,735 Feit. | Scotlandi...eierescerens > i: 5 » » ] oe i spain® (inc. Islends)...| 16,836) 18,366 16,908| 16,921 16,646 16,911 17,274 #16,227| #16,68 17, ll SNEEN eenrgenrerseneees] 8,218 8,765] “8 678 0.845| 8,740, 8,643 8,698 8,710 9,085 ii ~ Switzerland®............ 6,721 6,698 6,887] 7,407 7,247 7,437 7,384 7,454 7,903 7,771 OCEANIA Australia (ex. : 19 19 19 19 7 8.571 aboriginals)...........| 7,310, 7,851] 7,691] © 7,920 8,092 "8,214 28,478 °6, 4 491f °8, 1870 2571 New Zealand (ex. Maoris)| 1,656] 1,762 1,778 1,787 1,815 1,858 2,028 2,029 2,131 _— "Soe footnotes on pe. 204. . 3 AN hi ': vil GENERAL MORTALITY A . 7 " REN A 4 } (Exclusive of stillbirths. Unless otherwise specified, tigures for countries engaged in the war (1989-1945) include deaths among armed forces. Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1838 revision of the detalled International List of Causes of Death. tion of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, 1s often admittedly Incomplete and inaccurate, especially in Latin. Africa, and Asia) : t Registra America, oY ¥ ) ‘ . ; : Puerperal infection (140,47) : " Country 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 1939 1940 1041 | 1942 | 1943 be AFRICA 4 Union of South Africa: - Rr Europeans.sescecesccsse 119 116 99 8 ' 69 67 46 680 Bing | AMERICA ; : Brazil (21 cities).....| ®*3s5 | 2362 | 2353 | 2352 | 343 “461 | Zwaz) | ws38 © #368 Canada (ex. Yukon and Noi We TOIT Ya uineevonsvel 807 440 381 297 305 268 322 311 ChL1@uvssen- seomeses vel. 606 690 793 711 628 71 652 652 A CoXoubiaesuevesssenosens] 579 551 —— 585 512 564 te ree 3 Costa RiCBeessensveseense 65 59 83 74 56 73 58 44 ECuaAO Ys vss vensssensene rr — — — — —ares — —— ' El S581VBUOTeesaserereies 50 102 83 62 101 94 90 70 ! \ Guatemala.eses sees eens 83 94 100 92 5 wm orion — #162 #169 Honduras seerseecsane — omen en 2 1 9 18 . MeXL00. user eerenenrsvens] 2,027 11,064 | 1,002 | 1,025 1,963 1,751 1,656 == #1,182 5 : Nicaragiaseesvsveesesees aA 17 27 19 26 19 0 15 ‘ Panama (ex. Indians).... — — — —] eam — a RI Pereqsey {Soimisten)s po -— — mm AE ra FH ie 44 Peru (ex. jungle pop.).. rons —— — — —— — ns in United Stateses..ecs.o.o| 5,069 | 4,506 | 3,644 | 3,254 8,746 3,541 2,957 | 2,542 2,352 Uruguay ess cose sanns esse 87 72 116 92 53 54 48 31 _— Venezuela (ex. Indians). 135 164 162 159 177 179 157 156 ASIA } ( : Ceylonseevensraseavevnes| 2,879 1.1,544 | 3,400 | 3,484 1,248 1,024 1,008 914 India (British)eeeee.oos — mre HN mo a [Ger — a, aoe Japan (proper)eee..ce.e.| 1,364 | 1,314 | 1,307 | 1,051 “tgo7 | “*Pgsg 28gny 1 9B gym) 42448 ) EUROPE Gf He oir : ’ AUBLYIB. sve vis vesvensnes 303 263 o — — — —— wr . — } Belgiumeososs.. ; a ve wal: 78 199 3 186 as ie 304 33 5 3% ue 19163 Bulgaria (towns).eeee.s. 85 76 5 53 Czechoslovakiaseseeesess| 764 | © 771 623 | 23221 18019 24 ons ¥*a90;]- 22101 1% 3143 J Denmark © (ex. Faroe Is.) 90 85 7 = = — = = of England and WaleSeesses.| 1,165 | 1,035 Pi, on™ / i Eetonta®.. 00 hii vines 18 3 bs Ei 02) os Ys £3) Ge {%%) FER andS us eernoeedsos)’ 169 2 2 ; mn 3 CE or ; France.y.oeveerenecnnes 8 JS i Lo 28, = 21 308 2180] ** 264 GOTMANY = suas seein snsrives) i Bs5 s ; 1,51 LA an oo Greece. , eiessiseaneeel B12 | 429 | Teor | me BU. cmp fl 5% HUNRBLY weosasnsneesien| 445 464 374 359 7391 381 427 508 Iceland®. sss veerinevays 3 1h 3 2 1 — — Ireland (Eire)..ceee...s 89 104 51 46 38 55 43 a T8aly.eoegposaeecnsnenes| 1,258 | 1,183 | 1,052 857 .J83 | 640 2 8 9 Lithuania eee sg AT 112 94 74 70 | (*9) : : NetherlandSeee.eeeeeesss| 161 169 140 128 110 98 as #140 Northern Irelandeseeecsee 55. . 58 31 31 20 34 19 20 NOTWEYS J asieiiis'oa vininsinanns 57 50 | 54 49 40 33 = = ' Portugal (inc. Islands). 464 439 367 415 388 5 os a BC0L1BNA. iv. esnnnassnes] 227] 205] 244 2150 ge 08 75a | w737 #560 | Spain (inc. Islands)....| 1,252 | 1,067 | 1,141 | 1,023 845 1,083 5 2 Sweden. «uss Jreuvans shiner 153 132 139 100 76 89 Switzerland®...ieeneens| 90 82 76 93 83 71 cael ise QopAntA Australia (ex. : aboriginals).e.eseen..s| 245 338 212 207 162 2 19 39 New Zealand (ex. Maoris) 31 23. 38 51 See footnotes on pe. R04. 3 1202 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS . i : TABLE 21.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED FROM 14 SELECTED: CAUSES: 47 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1935-1944—Continued : (Exclusive of stillbirths. Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged In the war (1939-1046) include deaths among aimed ps forces. Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of the detalled International List of Causes of Death. Registra- td \ tion of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, 1s often admittedly incomplete and inaccurate, especlally in Latin America, A Africa, and Asia) a All Puerperal Causes (140-150) fo [Ee Country 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 E AFRICA Union of South Africa: d i EuropeansS.sesecssesses R286 248 223 192 193 183 136 159 187 135 iT ® ¢ AMERICA = ¥ i . ~~ Brazil (21 cities')..... 876 945 986 942 88s 2g76| Zxo52 #909 #930 #930 i ‘Canada (ex. Yukon and x No. Wo Terre)esece....eof 1,083| 1,233 1,071 968 967 978 901 818 798 776 ; Chile.esecessccncncnaans| 1,300 1,341 1,517 1,409 1,308 1,356] 1,256 1,203 1,287 1,188 § Colombis..evens. .«| 2,156| 2,040 ~-—| 2,378 2,118 2,198| 2,058 — 2,121 2,080 COStaiRiCa ese vessvveses 163 153 164 176 166 156 166 143 126 153 ECUadAO ees ssa sravareraes — — — 650 753 828 930 872 _— — . El Salvador......cecoune 339 400 339 314 380 329 309 292 322 267 Guatemalg.,oeevoeccenens 638 578 549 531 a — — #507 > #506 m——— : Honduras” “sees ve rinses 183 260 323 Sam 252 260 239 260 248 230 | Mexdcou........ieeee...o| 5,106] 5,074 4,944] 4,750| 4,878 4,692 | 4,653 | 4,173 #4,086 #3,828 | -Nicaraguaseseceecscecess 174 171 176 167 197 161 176 218 225 -— p Panema (ex. Indians).... — — — — = irae ri oe 124 144 W Paraguay (districts®)... —_— —_— en 75 72 73 76 89 as ebbee ! Peru (ex. jungle pop.).: ——- w=] ® ame — 1,003 #1,145 | #1,040 | #1,014| 2° 1,000 1,091 United States...........| 12,544 12,182( 10,769| 9,953 9,151 8,876 | 7,956 7,267 7,197 6,369 hit UPUgUAY vases ssecionss ve 126 111 154 130 112 114 91 78 308 -— Venezuela (ex. Indians). 410 363 351 393 373 434 406 422 359 351 : ASIA : Sion: Shier 5,165| 4,158| 4,304| 4,195 3,869 3,423 | 3,368 2,194 3,321 3,179 ndia (British)eeeecsess — —— — —_— = omen ht me — rr —— —— Japan fortis) ceveeasss| 5,608| 5,384| 5,444] 4,877 “°4,818| *°5,070(|*%4,929 | *°4,586 | * *°4,542 — oN EURCFE Z BRE A AUBtITBeu reves qesess eres 537 469 448 —- —— li od ie 7 BELGIUM vos iv insivn vntons 534 584 494 537 496 16423 | C395 1403 29470 +%460 bees Bulgaria (towns)ees.c... 127 106 81 or) GIRL 3 99 5.89 13 85 a 62 91 © Czechoslovaki@.sese.eoao| 1,257 | 1,205] 1,131] *°397 9 ¥ 2) eae 365 #320 — - Denmark® (ex. Faroe Is.)|. 261 257 R237 P14 203 189 147 152 156 Ng 159 England and WaleS..ees.. 2,590 | 2,431 2,142 2,096 1,997 1,640| 1,677 1,669 ol, 296 ht 75 Estonia’ es uss coisas 59 66 aa | (2%) G7} 9%) =) °) 5 3} Finland ec eessovseonrnns nn 374 364 330 314 2 314 ap 208 R63 314 352 Frances ae ssessassessens | 1,488] 1,307 pi —_— lo76| “871 21897 — —— Germany™...ceeeveeoees.| 6,135( 6,074 5,156| 4,934 | °°5,844 al ue T= pa ——— 4 ; 910 812 783 668 =o57 £7419 2°03 “514 —_— —_— ; 790 794 642 669 R907 25763 | 2°g42 20937 -— me Fg 10 4 9 6 5 5 —_— — — —— k Ireland (Eire)eeeccesose 272 273 204 | 234 190 208 a : po 145 156 i Italyeceosouanecacnenees 3,017 2,883 2,725|°' 2,515 2,385 _R,R97 1 8R4 *1, 6! % — — i Lithuenia0 35... 000 Pinal Tzes| Csos| zeo| Faes| (29) | (*9) 7 (20) (29 r NetherlandSeeeseeseo ons 506 518 437 476 446 436 349 375 #425 — Ne Northern Irelandese.e... 136 157 127 137 96 107 112 88 100 95 EN NOTWAY Svsvie asian oii vais oe 116 109 130 113 84 97 96 — — — i Portugal (inc. Islands). 887 819 825 801 852 752 730 878 733 755 Be Scoblandecsesseresesene 554 494 424 432 390 384 439 382 363 #294 Spain (inc. Islands)....| 2,196| 1,987| 2,004| 1,803 1,524 1,875] 1,313] #1,314 #1,305 #1,229 SWedeN eevecccovcccccses R65 280 280 225 221 207 204 178 194 —_— ; : Switzerland® coeeivnennn 30R 283 278 266 226 219 149 199 177 216 : OCEANIA ©. Australia (ex. 4 : _aboriginals)eesecscesee 590 896 551 562 503 515 490 491 A 437 us New Zealand (ex. Maoris) 101 92 94 111 105 96 118 85 6 — See footnotes on p. 204. GENERAL MORTALITY 203 TABLE 21.—~NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED FROM 14 SELECTED CAUSES: 47 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1955-1944 — Continued - (Exclusive of stillbirths. Unless otherwise specified, figures for countries engaged in the war (1939- after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of the detailed International List of Causes of Death, -1846) Include deaths among armed forces. Numbers Registration of deaths, as well as medical certification of cuuse, 1s often admittedly incomplete and Inaccurate, especially in Latin America, Africa, and Asia) ’ * I l1=defined and Unknown Causes (199,200) Count 1935 | 1936 | 1957 | 1938 1959 1940 1041 1942 1943 1944 ry AFRICA Union of South Africa: BUrOpEaNS.cocueeeranns 500 428 358 344 323 —— nes en ais ea oA 2 2 2 Brazil (21 cities').....| 4,650 4,999| 5,030| 4,997 4,300 4,157 #3,835 #4,385 #4,901 #5,248 Canada (ex. Yukon and : Ne He TeITe)eeenesoonos 762 711 773 612 596 3634 21,038 2973 °p84 » 809 Chile.,oresss 5,814| 5,958 6,025 5,217 6,039 5,105 5,710 5,716 6,777 Colombia... 15,756 —| 19,505 24,367 20,985 27,526 — 32,073 19,127 Costa Rica. 492 486 472 360 214 239 254 323 321 # — 11,773 10,501 9,723 6,911 11,045 — en 10,626 9,807 9,668 9,075 9,129 8,894 10,935 11,012 5,527 5,713| *4,165| *4,424 — — —_— 7,440 #5,973 —_— 1,929 1.851%2.157 2,460 2,426 2,343 2,762 3,182 2,664 408 | 40,612 39,958 | 36,252 32,877 34,165 34,369 — — —— 540 845 604 562 766 533 13 28). 192 — Panama (ex. Indiana). . —— rn — — — = = = 987 © 942 Par: (districts)... — — —— 49 84 2 = Fort. Jungle pop.).. — — — — *79,148 #7,031|, #6,025 310 #7,277 0m, pr 13,359 United States...........| 20,552 | 21,111 20,593 | 19,652 19,710 821,100 319, 982 319, 257 19,485 18,576 3,102 2,920| 2,768| 3,322 2,527 2,39% 2,523 2,410 #2,939 Venezuela (ex. Indians).| 25,174 | 38,177 | 38,453 39,524 40,711 36,487 36.817 57,321 37,966 42,130 ASIA 10M. seeseesesesasasss| 26,661 | 17,763 | 16,815 | 14,665 15,274 14,328 13,327 14,708 16,684 17,2683 India (British).. 5 — — ALE ee — — a ens — a Japan (proper)..........| 35,624 | 57,865 | 32,849 | 56,285 | 35,198 ‘1ss,081| ''30,967| *'31,760| **31,658 rir TR 77 74 336 | 2,518 Austris....ersecvrsveise 3 3 = is Jd -— es Belgium... veees- ..| e624] 6,807| 6,866] 6.765] 6,850 [2° 920.440 2° 18y 040 26 28, sng i037) 38 +921,635 Bulgaria (towns). os 408 382 537| 344 dee Lo 483 16518 Lo 618 Le 897 1,220 Czechoslovakia.ose.esses| 1,698) 1,701| 1,619 *®204 18224 220 411 474 #516 er * Dermark® (ex. Faroe Is.) 731 758 727 745 10729 wa 1 925 1, 822 739 752 England and Wales.......| 1,517 1,210(. 1,246 1,00) ao. 950 1,052 or 972 oy 813 a — Estonia’ 1,782 | 1,103| 1,119] (20) °) (=) (223 (23 (50) Finland®.. 794 798 834 78 . 8m 1,059 626 541 642 France®,,... 129,553 (131,709 _— — === | 22101,857 }° 2176,570 [*° 261,385 — — Germany > 14,727 | 14,461 | 19,280] 17,796 |*° 924,147 = he — — Greece. ,,. . 8,999| 9,125| 7,930 6,923 25482 oer s08| 25, 410 Br) — — Hungary. .. 890 569 507 544 531 1,557 3,678 4,590 — ae Iceland’.... a 12 18 22 — 4 8 LR aL So Ireland (ELre)ss.sessses 647 604 581 540 521 497 482 470 494 3 I681Yecdosrnncesnonsesss|>5,805(%%5 506] 324,068 [**4,765 315,749 198,505 19 9,364 | 1 #12,508 oT ot Lithuania®® = 0000000001 5870 s,502| 4j8aa| 2,805] 2°3,441 (29) (2°) 2) °) (9) Netherlands....eeccoeses| 2,735] 2,600 2,917) 2,834 2,858 3,121 4,266 4,661 sol eae Northern Ireland.......s 131 125 124 12 108 120 129 122 101| NOTWBYSeeoeseosssveesees]| 1,469 1,407] 1,582( 1,262 1,493 1,779 2,108 — — os Portugal (inc. Islands).| 9,573] 8,320 7,322] 7,532 7,898 8,381 10,107 9,994 9,455 2 2 SCOtlandessssosoeesssses| 1,110 1,005( 1,010 991 832 942 1,190 1,095 1,167 5 1,19! Spain (inc. Islands)...| 15,085| 11,966| 15,670| 16,131 16,250 13,996 17,578 #14,011 %13,087 11,891 Sweden® . 346 291 283 240 279 277 227 ’195 132 ——— sett anbinaien 948 943 1,067 841 901 774 865 . Switzerland®............| 1,675] 1,379| 1,415 > : ‘OCEANIA stralia (ex. wD 19 La csrsen vse 359 335 207 205 239 238 7228 29 282 255 224 New Zealand (ex. Maoris) 27 9 Sols t 17 9 ®1s 13 10 — See footnotes on p. 204, 74660+ O - 47 - 14 a re > sa ot SRS AEN fe Eval Sl a SS CRS clude, in addition to stillbirths » infants ‘born alive but dying before registration of birth. a fever only. te data are for year ending July 31; for 1938-1944, year ending June 30. months only, Aug. 1937 through June 1938. des 25 biodemographic. districts in which there are established hospitals » health centers , dis= ncludes data for Karafuto which became part of Japan proper, Apr. 1, 1943. i s data for Karafuto. rom the official statistical agency. . cludes data for a few Sudeten districts. ~ “Excludes data for 41 coumunes of Eupen, Malmédy, and Moresnet, not under Belgian administration. 7Abso te number not available. For death rate, see table 22 p. 205. ' iemia and Moravia only, representing approximately 50 percent of the population of the original .echoslovak Republic which included, in addition, the Sudetenland, Czecho-Silesia, Slovakia, and Subcarpathian Ruthenia (Subcarpathia), German nationals are excluded. ; Excludes deaths among armed forces. ia and Lithuania became Soviet Socialist Republics on Aug. 3, 1040. 4 { including the Saar. t et a plus He and the Sudetenland. Tr ‘the Altreich, plus Austria , Sudetenland, and western Poland. SS otherwise specified, data are for territory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. he Trianon Territory plus the Northern Territories. For he Trianon Territory, plus the Northern Territories, and Subcarpathia. ; ie Trianon Territerys plus the Northern Territories, Subcarpathia and Transylvania. il deaths among armed forces and SiviTinn workers in Africa and Spain. ess otherwise specified, data are for territory of 1938, i. e., including Klaipeda (asst) .and ‘excluding Vilnius. 335xc es data for Klaipeda (Memel) arid Vilnius; Kizipeds was annexed by Germany, Mar. 21, 1939. A or 9 cities only. % 11 months only, Feb. through Die: For continental Portugal only. giz oF cludes data for Spanish Morocco. = 2 - departments only, excluding territories (Intendencias and Comisarias). erculosis of the respiratory system only. cludes dengue fever. ; “Includes Smallpox; not shown separately in source. Frye, months only, Jan. through Nov. = 3Includes ‘Normalignant tumors or tumors of unspecified nature, not reported separately. L ay deaths caused from Abortion with mertion of infection. i stillbirths. ths. Treept for puerper 0, 000 population. Unless other ‘forces, and are computed on ‘total population. Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1938 el ist of Causes of Death. Registration of deaths, as well as medical \gerci fication of cause, 1s often. aamtitealy incomplete. rate, especially in Latin Bmergos,. Africa, and Asia) 3 } ve Ty 4 ) dg . 2 Typhoid and ‘Paratyphold Favors (1,2): Country 935 | 1937 | 1938 | 1939 | 1940 1941 \ AFRICA Union of South Africa: Europeans...ecscessses Gi ; AMERICA Brazil (21 cities).....|? Canada (ex. Yukon and . . oo. OPORTO WN Chile...o..n tenis imne lye Colombia «'uic:e/a’s ove ibm anle Costa Rica.. cesiesia PORTA Ecuador* (EL Salvador v1 dewnlae wes n Dw eS Oo . » 20 1 . . = oo. NWO IJIN . [Se Ne RN Ne) . DOPOD O o = [] «es so. ww Oo a [ES = NDI O HOCH 20 oH ERconmE8hm NLcaraguaises essen sss . ~ Panama (ex. Indians)....| Paraguay (districts®)... Peru (ex. jungle pop.).. United States..........s oy Uruguay. Venezuela (ex. Trdiens). 1 20 = . [2] ee . H 2 © — wn @ India (British). Japan (proper) i 1 = Oo 20 = =f . 20 ; EUROPE AOStria ovine vinnie Seivie Belgitm®. co oiesisvian sens Bulgaria (towns) Czechoslovakia..eeoennss Denmark® (ex. Faroe Is.) / England and Wales 01 ene . . vo. ee . . . . oo. . NRO OU! HH Manos Oo 5 HOO OW!H KH : Soros © | $ OCROMNONOO®®HKH : : Me so : OP VO LCHRUNOECHOWDOUNH IO XO ND Siew ele Le = oO ap Ho oo e an CNN RIND OHNO [- T RENTER Ra . — Ttaly>3. Lithuania®* ied. Netherlands Northern Ireland... Norway® Portugal (inc. Islands). Scotland. ~ Spain* (inc. Islands)... he Sweden®. Switzerland®......... ts : I~ cor ow 5 Fo) R83 moubw . ONO WIJROONET®IO 1 © SR color &conbhr : 20 - O00 CO . OCEANTA Australia (ex. aboriginals)..... Cea New Zealand (ex. Maoris) / See. footnotes on p. R19. Exce opt for puerperal causes, which are comptes on live virthe, rates are the a of dosti’ tron a seteotad Ai gr Unless otherwise specified, rates for countries engaged in the war (1938-1045) include deaths among armed omputed on Sobor population. Numbers after causes ot death are those of the 1958 revision of the detailed International DF of ‘Death. Reglstration of deains, as ‘well as mechoal certification of cause, is often admittedly inconplete 2nd Ineeis 3a esp cially in Latin smeries, Africa, and Asia) . : Ebay ~ Cerebrospinal (Meningococcus) Meningitis (6) on : % A : Country 1955 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 | 1943 1944 AMERICA ; : : J przil (Pl ettien™).. | 2%.7] “%0.7| (20.8 P1.0 2°1.0 380.9 2 %0.6 #0.5 #0.6 | #0.9 2 Sy (ex. Yukon and. : ) | : is : ; Terra) cueeennnes 1.01%0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7% 720.9 21.8 31.3 37.1 31.0 A ely Sele wiinnnes 0.0} 0.21] 10.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 1.8 16.9 8.8 6.8 sscssnne —— —— —— — —_—— —— —_— —— » ——— 0.2 0.2 0:2 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.6 = 0.1 i ——| ==] —= — —— le — — , — - 80.5 A re a = i, Tr — 1a le reins emer 0k 0.0 2 0.6 0:2 #0.2 %0.1 #0.2 Sg ex. Ihde ole —— — —— — -— —_— —— ——— 0.7 Le3: Wi Ne guay (districts 5 —] ml — — Coe —_— — Py (ex. jungle pop.).. wf rs ——— _— —— me _%0.1[ 1° x%0.2| © x0.1 0.2 Bele oie a vtesneinin 2a 2.4 1.7 0.5 0.7 210.5 lg. gw Alp 0 119.9 ith 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.4 —— —-latig, 3 0 0 0 0 0.0, 0 0 0 vy # 3 . ! of 0.1 0.1 Bel 5 xO Riot 0.1 0.1 0.3 | LOL y 1.1} onl 0.7 0.70" an 0.9 0.7] #0.a| 2% x0.5 16 40.5 a eal yl gy 0.3 6.0| 2° #2.7| 1° 1.0] 2° 40.9] 2° x0.9 ee hOB] OVAKLA + «sso vs 0.5{ 0.5] 0.57 *o.9 220.0 $187 oi 28a) 7 Bg.5( 9%0,.5 — nmark® (ex. Faroe Is.) ~ 1.1| 1.1| o0.8 0.8%" 10.4 0.5 1.2 0.9 ( 0.8 5.8 Ata gl i 1.5} 1.6 3.7 1.6 BO ®0g.0 205.3 20% Of #l..9 #1.4 ae od ari ie 0.5 1.3 Let ii Oa REEY) (21) (33) (2%) (BZ) (31) a Blaine winlngas —— 3.1 2.8 1.9 2.2.0 2.9 —— ——— -— IE XN AE ne cesetiaceenn 3 Shee =e =e pes Fa zon EAT ry ny |B ngs TR ER ohn To] niet Le 1.3 201.010 180 20,6: 20 ng. 3] *) (22) {223400 a aie a a a 0,8 0.9) + 2.7 1.8} — ms — — — od MSR 0.2.2 0.80 ii oz 0.5] 201.5] 2945.4] 042.2] Raz] sae] 2328 of: 0.9 0 0 0 0.8 Se ate = ms ty 1.0] 1.4]. 1.8 1.9 1.0 0.8 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 aah 0.4 0.4]. 0.5 0.7 oe — — — — rte 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.7 1a #0.7 —— = 0.9 0.5 1.0 0.9 1.3 4.5 208.2 295.4 203.4 201.9 #0.5 | #0.9| #0.5| %0.6 #0.3 #0.9 #2.7 —— — —_— ec (Loy 1 (CY (32) (*®) 1.8 1.2 1.4 #3.1 — —— lh iasio ts rie ven 2.50 =.5 .9 2.1 1.2 9.6 6.5 3.5 2.5 #1.8 (1%) tf te —- 0.8 0.8 0.8 #0.6 #1.0 0.4] 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 — 0.9} 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 4.0 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.7 hisses 0.3 0.2 0.2 230.5 233.4 234.8] 23 %3.5 23 %1.6 ¢ $0.5 0.5 0.3 10.5 117.6 *i7.2 114.7 | —_— i iy : a / ~- ’ ! (Exclusive of stillbirths. List “of Causes of Death. cause per 100,000 population. i forces, and are computed on total population. Registration of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, rate, especially in Latin America, Africa, and Asia) 3 Scarlet Fever (8) {great for. puerperal causes, which are hes on 11ve births, rates are the on Unless otherwise specified, rates for countries engaged In the war (1939-18 } Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of “the letalled ap of often admittedly tneonplute and ‘ees - Country 1938 1941 1942 AFRICA Union of South Africa: Europeans aire vente ele iy 000 AMERICA ‘Brazil (21 cities)..... Canada (ex. Yukon and BNW TOIT Yeo vu vinmsins Chile....... enema .e Colombia evisenesnsssnes COSta Rica. vss ss visas . Ecuador. . venison due le El Salvador... te toes Guatemala, . ive ss venn THONAUTAE. oa slrs.0 000 30 in ; eX CON ns svsate nine vinia ses Nicaragua...cesvesevsens ~ Panama (ex. Indians).. Paraguay (districts). . Peru (ex. jungle pop. 5 United States......... A UrUZURY +s ees gevs vr avinn Venezuela (ex. Teaiars). A ASTA Ceylon...... amine ins sees India’ (British)........ : ‘ Japan (proper):........ , EUROPE AuStrige. over vniines .e Belgium seis ahs ionan ees Bulgaria (towns)...... i Czechoslovakia See aie viele rete Denmark® (ex. Faroe Is.) England and Wales....... Estonia... ... 0 Le Findand®.. os ila) . France®...... ele de Ta Berman. ve snip vine vis nis ’ Sosenss gpeanersct vine ewin o) Hungary®” oeininin ie min minein vie Heelann®,... cu. vision eo Ireland (Eire) amet ag THaly3®.. ol Soa dee row Lithuania®i 34. 00077" Netherlands. se. c.ccee'ss . Northern Ireland...... NOTWAY Sls wisis mate's sone wine Portugal (ine. . felnnae )- Scotland. vv esicsis asin Spain? (inc. Islands)... Bneden®. ule, cannot she . Switzerland®....cocee.. . OCEANIA Australia (ex. aboriginals)......... we New Zealand (ex. Maoris) o orl O Np Cn ee POO TO DDG D000 a IoD; KR -HOHO HG BORO H WHF Doo MDD Ho NONONOOONUI WOU I = — — : ONDHDOHNDNOOOM «soe 8 o. . x OHM OHOOIDWUHN * COMVIOHNOFHOHHREHOM HE, HH or 3% ® EowobBom #1 aE We Ae were Le ety ete leik OP ONPVDNNO INO O OHPROPHOIOCHIOTODXONNDODOON oo Ft o> Oo Oo So o . a 2 A TNO HMDOHH ww NCOHMYO Un» a Ho rT = OHHH 5 HPO COOWwWOoOoOOoOro —~ x orooodmo nO HH ovo uoLhL LiL NOR QI OH POO Oo Oo Hos 3 yop oH Lol dQ oT x co x 1 ou o 10 %2.6 120.5 See footnotes on -p. 219. ‘populat Ca of Death. f Totes diherntne; specified, rates toe countries Gi tn the war (1958-1945) include deaths ‘among ‘armed REE Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of ‘the detailed Tntemeriony i ing Registration ot deaths, as well as medical certification of gauss, 1s often adnittedly incomplete and inaccu- spectall ‘in Latin America, Africa, ‘and Asia) 2 e computed on total population. Whooping Cough (9) . v 7 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 : ; eens aie 7.5 13.2 8.3 5.9 6.6 — —— —— —_ — C 3 | ” {21 cities®).....| ‘F9.4l 23.1) 12a] 16.4 234.5 %8.6 2314.2 #11. #15.9 | %#10.9 nada (ex: Yukon and , ; Seiya risen 8.2 5.4/6.9 4.5 ‘4.8 25.5 35.8 24.8 25.5 2.8 49.8| 46.6| 34.3 29.6 | 26.6 43.6 25.4 11.3 33.8| 30.8 Re at 37.01 28.5] ——m | 85.1 46.1 25.2 $26.2 — 3751.0 me avr aah 105.9 71.5( 13.5 6.6 11.9 72.5 20.1 12.9 — — i ER 114.2 | £l08.8| 54.7 57.3 "38.7 239.5 93.9 105.9 122.8 a ene sle viva 11.0} 45.5] 75.5 53.7 32.2 30.6 33.6 62.8 48,11 28.2 Tea ale ae 93.8 82.4 101.9] 10.2 — — —| 71.6 #127.5 mt lata on 34.0| 56.8] 42.2| ®105.8 116.5 47.5 34.2 88.9 157.6| 108.9" b 65.2 50.6| 66:0| 82.6 75.2 42.4 54.0 #65.0 #50.7| #43.7 bah . 43.4{ 14.2] 18.6 50.9 22.6 22.5 6.0 3.0 30.0 a ana (ex. Indians)... —— El —— — —— — —— 48.9| 33.8 guay (aistricts® Y... —_— — —_— — om —— 6.9 3.6, — — eru (ex. jungle pop. Yor — I —— — Sif #117.53 | 19%100.8 10492.6| 115.0 o if States... eiaie sss 5.7 2.10 "3.9 5.7 2.3 iin 2 ii. 113.9 itp. 5] 221.4 ; 6.9 3.7 5.0 1.8 Nis.0 2.6 2.4 2.3 4.6 —_— 14.1 8.4 2.1 4.5 19.8 5.7 3.0 5.2 12.5 9.8 1.2 0.8% 1.7 2.4 0.8 1.7 V0.9 0.6 1.7.0 #306 1.7.61 15.9] 15a |" 10.3 1215.9 812.2 2214.5] 2212.9] 22 Ming R— BLY 3.9 2.5 0.6 — 1650.8 180.1 ( 2%h0.6 1640.8 oe 6.6 5.2 4.6 4.5 5.7 274.1 174.1 174.3 175.31 27310 lgaria (towns)...... 3.6 3.8 5.8 4.84 1.5 1.5 (12) (2?) RrL(ii (22) Caechoalovalia hed My wis 5.3 4.3 li: 8.7 (93.8 192.8 191.6 Ares 0.5 ®x2.8 _—_ mars (ex. Faroe Is.) 7.1 8.1 2.3 2.1 4.7 2.7 4.2 2.7 3.4 2.5 Ai 5.6 4.7 3.9 2.6 205.0 20.7 206.2 202.1 . #2.6 #2.5 4.1 Zell] 8.9 (rl 7.3 (7) (8%) i) (2%) (2) (2). . 10.2 Tel 6.5 9.7 6.4 11.7 _10.6 2.6 2.9 8.0 5 2.0 2.9 ee — —. | 2223p 3 | 28 23g 4 |'28 235 5 — on 2.7 4.6 3.9 3.8]. 20283 4 (12) (2 2) +2) (*2), 7.41 19.9| e5.9( -14.2 2546.3 2643.1 2650.5 2646.5 fll a, mee fis 3.7 5.6 “4.4 2.0 280 4 2%, 6 305.0 31%5.6 ir th Hi 106.2 0.9 of 0 0 0 —— ST — — Fug 4.2 7.7 9.6. 6.1 5.7 5.5 5.0 7.7 10.5 8.2: i 4.5 5.5 6.3. 5.0 4.1 4.3 4.6 #3.5 — ee gy 21.9] 11.0| 5.7) 12.7] 0 ®ve (21) (31) (3) (22 (3) ‘ 3.8 4.8) 3.9 5,7 2.9 4.9 10 6.1 #2.6 #6.1 — 5.5 10.4 | 11.4 '8.6 5.53 10.9 209:0 204.9 208.7 11.827. ay®. #1.2 ¥1.8| #1.9 | 1.2 #1.5 #ReR #2.9 — — El : tugal (inc. Islands). 9.4 15.74 18.2 7.8 7.5 11.7 11.8 13.6 14.9 | 77 : Bands veo von vs 11.4 8.5] 14.4] 4.2 7.9 3.9 14.0 1.8 ‘5.9 #3.4 2 (inc. Telande)... 4.2 6.0 7 4.4 5.8 4.7 3.5 2.5 #3.6 #4.1| 2.1 Ved ae nie 3.2 1.6 1.9 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.5 0.8 1.2 Cant en 4a wa a 2.4 2.8 53.5) 0 "Le 2.0 3.2 1.6 0.9 1. 3.5 fas 4 J i originals). Satan oy 2.4 3.8 2.6 2.1 1.2 25.8 B37.3 E3,.6 2340 8230.8 ow Zonta (ex. acne) 2.8 3.2 0.9 1.4 0.1 iy LE ga 110.3 yy ee * cause per ther rces, and i com uted on total pop : Begieire ion or deaths, ‘as well as medical cercisteation of csuss, 1s often a on i Diphtheria X 0) : Country } Re | AFRICA } Union of South Africa: Europeans AMERICA Brazil (21 cities)..... Canada (ex. Yukon and NJW. Terre)eceecceeeses ‘Chile.... Colombia..... + Costa Rica... _ Ecuador®.... | E1 Salvador.... © 0 . 3 @ | I . oo ose ~ Honduras® Mexico... ast Nicaragua. ~ Panama (ex. Indians).... Paraguay (districts?®)... Peru (ex. jungle pop.).. United States Hole r ! Howl : * [SRP r os PHO . ow . Cc £ whom [3 F © Fao eh NNO = » oor $ . ¥ © IX = 5 ES) igefion, | bi : ii India (British)....dsves) | o . ~ 5; n a . fee Japan (proper) = 2 . cess seesssssss Belot’ (HOWNS) eeu vnnnn (Czechoslovakia ie iariaiae Dermark® (ex. Faroe Is.) England and Wales i Estonia? BL aaa ! Finland® PRR Lo oie aie He ee Ho CoD NOC Coe NOHO MLMIN BNC ooo ® . Pa “oe = ot . COOH HEHOLOO oe rg oe = . | LOMO OHOANIOROINOO® I 1 I I Greece . Hungary?” Wr ad este a] ‘Ireland (Eire)..cceeseee. Db © Fa 1 Bo CONNOR ERC HEH BOSS < y . . Jor x HOD COOH UOHFNOD®RORODZIBROIOld oe = . = : 2 WHOOP OOHHJOP®HO® . FE RO NUPM ROOD NNONRNO OMEN ® 2 . Fd © 0 oe Pa = = . os Netherlands....c..oeuues Northern Ireland. wielein’d ~ Norway®. ; Portugal (inc. Islands). Scotland, .vveelvesioss vo #4 -"Spain® (inc. Islands)... Sweden®...... FEA RSWibzerland®... uses rise ER 2 2 CONXOSNOT®O HB Id© Cap 0dno = oo uo $ . Cael » a . Hex HODWIOOH HO OO . oe “oe pet * COMI OVWOUO OUI ® uke) . OH NOHHEPM ODOR O — HOH®®O OCEANIA ’ australia (ex. | aboriginals) New Zealand (ex. Maoris) 20 a ow aR er. 3 ET (Exclusive of stillbirths. INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 22.—CRUDE DEATH RATES FOR 14 SELECTED CAUSES: 47 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1935-1944—Continued Except for puerperal causes, which are computed on 1ive births, rates are the number of deaths from a selected cause per 100,000 population. Unless otherwise specified, rates for countries engaged in the war (1939-1945) Include deaths among armed forces, and are computed on total population. Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of the detailed International List of Causes of Death. Registration of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, is often admittedly incomplete and inaccurate, especially in Latin America, Africa, and Asia) \ Tuberculosis (All Forms) (13-22) 3 Country 1936 | 1936 | 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 AFRICA Union of South Africa: | Kuropeans.............| 40.6] 34.5] 36.4 38.3 36.2 2025.1 %0 34.3 2036.2 |, 8033.21 0.34.0 AMERICA _ Brazil (21 cities).....| ®268.0| 266.6] 278.9 284.1] 2272.0 2272.6 2 #278.1 #274.4 #283.7| #291.6 Canada (ex. Yukon and : x Nello TOTP. Ye esvesnsase| 60.9[ © 61.9] 60.5 55.0 53.1 ®50.9 ®52.8 °51.4 252.3] 47.9 Chileececssecrsversessss] 251.00 R650 n6s.4 276.0 264.2 260.1 250.5 255.8 250.5| 241.5 Colombia se uensenavns rae] 48.8): ag, El —o 47.0 45.6 45.2 46.1 —)B7 8%g7 8 —— GOSta RICH: evs ss-enaveal. 92.6{:" 80.8] 82.5 82.1 85.9 72.7 SE ram 74.3 70.5 34.3 BOUAAOrE sess easiissrnnss 79.3] 93.9| 83.2 93.0 87.6 88.4 2894.3 #2 72.7 #3.74.4 = El Salvadoreeseessasiens] 47.9] 'Z8.2| 40.8 42.7 42.6 39.0 46.3 47.3 43.4 42.4 RR 66.8| 65.4) 66.2 64.3 — — — *#42,9 #40,2 = HONOUPAES Tears resnasl 2285.112%20,59%34.018 38, 5! 5800.5 2828.6 58.26.1 5830.2 2824.1] 3%26,3 MeXiCOuasorarsnscenresss| . 56.6] 55.4 56.8 57.2 55.2 57.0] 55.3 #52,3 #55,9| #57, NACATAZUA. +vvesnravnens| 831.1|22%17.5| 221.8 | %°24.2| 2° 28.0 #908.8 2800.2 2525.4 26.4 i Panama (ex. Indians)... —_— — — — — - — — 117.5 108.0 Paraguay (districts®)... — — -— 115.0] 102.6 94.2 106.4 94,2 ~ — Peru (ex. jungle pop.).. = -— = iti —= rot *#78.6| °x82.5 1O0xgo 7 90.4 United StateS.se...esees| 55.1] 55.9 53.8 49.1 47.1 1145.8 i445 21 45.1 140.61. 4341.3 UTUGUAY.sseeesessasssses| 116.0 110.8| 160.1 118.1 101.0 108.9 102.3 107.1 #114.9 => Venezuela (ex. Indians).| 100.8 97.3 94,5 97.6 101.5 94.6 88.8 90.1 95.1 99.5 ASIA vs CEYICtessesnsesrevenane] “08. T[ 83.2] BR.Z 61.8 61.6 61.9 61.1 56.9 57.6 59.3 India (British)...e..... — Fo = — —-— —-— — — C— -— Japan (proper)..........| 190.8| 206,6| 203.0 206.1 ‘2211.8 18213.3 22208,7( 22%218,5 p32 144205.6 -_— EUROPE AUSITia.eircaesessevessae] 1086] 200.5] | 99.7 99.1 2 — = — —_ Belgium, avec. veer veves] 778.71 71.9] - 70.8 68.5 68.2 1769.0 1798.3 1795,2 1781.9( "Xm 9 Bulgaria (towns)........| 168.5) 152.7| 149.8 151.7 162.1 170.5 ¢3) =) . 165.11 ~(2) Czechoslovakia..........| 185.0| 129.1| 124.0 | *°114.0 1° 116.6 1% 329.0 2125.8 ©150.6 | *°%148.0 - Denmark ® (ex. Faroe Is.)| 51.2) 46.6] 44.4 40.7 34,3 35.3 34.8 34.6 24.0 33.2 England and Wales.......| 70.1| 67.3] 67.6 62.0/(~ *%¢en,1 20 69.9 2095.0] 20g5.7 2,760.9 256.9 Estonia”’...... 167.0 172.1| 180.8 | (**) &) 22) Ey Ta) ( ) Finland®.. 180.6 | 209.6| 189.6 189.2 187.0 201.7 5186.7 208.9 183.2| 183.6 France®,.. 122.7 | 118.1 ze se rm | ER BO gy [22 R 38.7% 2%163,7 —r = Germany =*.. 72.8]: 70.5] ev.2 62.4] * 50 =0e7 2050 2C'an NL es Greece. sen... 136.5| 127.6| 126.0 | 115.8 |20 215.5 | 2°x220.9| 2°x301.6( 2°#455.7 — —— HUNGETY™ eeevnn.inn 159.1] 152.2 149.1 141.8 *138.8 | 23%140.9 4150.0 #166.5 — or EE TCeland® yess vr sonsnisn 126.6 | 174.2] 131.7 89.2 78.2 85.8 T= — — — ‘Ireland (Eire)..........| 126.9| 117.2| 125.6 109.5 112.6 124.6 124.0 146.7 146.0] 130.4 Tay Se rirmivmindonsesens| 88.2] 7.8] / 85.7 79.7 76.1 74,4 81.0 101.8 I oa Lithuania 2 23. ........1 "100.9] 92.7] se8.4 82.30: PegE alll iy G2) >) >) 2) Netherlands.............| 52.4| 50.0] 47.9 45.4 41.0 43.7 an. 50:2 361.4 ¥69.8| _ -—- Northern Ireland........| 106.2| 103.1] ~ 97.8 91.6 84.2 97.7 104.0 97.1 91.3 ge.6 Norway. eeeeeveenennnass| #105.6| %101.6| *97.8 *88.2 #85,6 *#82.0 #80.2 ——t -— — Portugal (inc. Islands).| 161.1| 159.5| 150.8 152.8 143.1 152.3 160.8 159.8 151.7] 144.8 SOobLaNds svviaess uvanere] 78.8] 75.8] 73.6 66.7 70.4 78.9 . 8l.4 777 76.8| %75.8 Spain* (inc. Islands)...| 107.3| 101.7| 118.7 127.8 120.8 12. 125.9 #121.6 ¥112.6| %*111.8 SWeden®. sce ree rasvenase|. 96.00 93.2 88.1 82.2 75.2 70.9 74.8 67.7 68.8] ¥64.6 switzerlendS......oenenl| 97.1 94.6] 86.8 82.3 80.2 78.2 79.0 82.5 76.5 81.2 orm Australia (ex. ‘ aboriginals)...........| 42.4| 41.8] 40.3 38.5 38.9 2° 36. 2338.5 2239.5 30 285.1| *° #327 New Zealand (ex. Maoris)| 38.9| 45.6| 39.2 39.3 39.8 38.8 38.8 39.3 37.2 — | See footnotes on p. 219. ¥ ’ ® . : . GENERAL MORTATITY v : 7 g ? = \ TABLE R2.—CRUDE DEATH RATES FOR 14 SELECTED CAUSES: 47 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1935-1944—Continued cause per 100,000 population. 3 ‘ (Exclusive of stillbirths. Except for puerperal causes, which are computed on live births, rates are the number of deaths from a selected 4 Unless otherwise specified, rates for countries engaged In the war (1939-1946) include deaths among armed oa forces, and are computed on total population.. Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1838 revision of the detailed International List of Causes of Death. Registration of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, 1s often admittedly incomplete Bnd inaccu=- rate especially in Latin America, Africa, and Asia) ) Influenza (33) Country 1935 | 1936 | 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 AFRICA Union of South Africa: Europeans .e.esseess vee 680.7 1917.8 (REX 15.7 13.5 — —_— — — pe AMERICA 3 Brazil (R1 cities).....| 260.2| 44.5| 48.1 ® 49.3, 249.2 243.3 2346.7 #49.3 48.3 | #55.7 Canada (ex. Yukon and . Fi NeW. Terc.).uee.. oem BY. SoHE AT UC aye 35.2 324.5 321..0 210.5 220.5 315.6 | Chile cael eile ve eee] 192.5 (168.7 | 132.8 164.8 115.2 107.7 85.0 63.2 49.7 47.5 / COLOMbLA. + ivivs sais evne vein]? 236,01 54,50 (= — 2.6 3.1 29.8 — — br 1 Conta Riva. sess esses ve 7.1} '15.9 118.1 7.4 13.8 6.2 47.5 14.3 220 me 4 Ecuadont, ass seins finns on Ceo fA —— 66.4 71.0 100.8 58.6 45.8 Ar | El Sa1vador.. ».: aves 51.6 32.4 27.4 27.4 26.1 25.4 63.0 40.7 22.7 48.0 Guatemalat. i... asians 62.2| 83.8| 65.5 71.4 — = —| #%109.7 #76.5 me Honduras® Tues evs vissrs 12.0| 18.4 | 58.4 824.8 17.8 51.2 17.3 53.6 26.1 25.7 MORHCD, +s iden « os cinniraes 32.0| 25.6] 48.1 22.1 50.3 25.1 38.6 #15.5 | | #17.3 | #5.7 Nicaragun. assis ss ess of 18.11% az. 25.3 18.1, 18.6 21.) 16.4 11.0 15.5 re 3 Panama (ex. Indians).... — —_— —— fm — — — — 0.7 0:8} ied Paraguay (districts®)... ff tn Le 46.5 24.3 27.8 46.5 15.3 — — io Peru (ex. jungle pop.).. SR Ey — —_— —— | 118.4 | °%103.5| 1°%93.8 84.8 7 United States. viv... 22.2| 26.4] 29.5 12.7 16.4 1135.3 il15.3 ga 2112.9 [2213] TT eval ram. Silas Hel 8.5 3.4 447 2.5 2.6 #6.3" — : Venezuela (ex. Indians).|3®15.5| 13.7 5.6 5.5 5.2 2.3 2.6 1.7 72.7 5.0% Hid ASTA CRFLON: os sss ingen tle 54.2] 28.1} 36.5 52.5 28.9 31.9 30.0 7.3 55.1 35.5 India (British)........ . _— — — — —_— — —— — ee — Japan (proper).......... 4. 12.5 4.2 10.6 223.0 23404 125.9 2245.4 [2 1424.5 ee / 3 \ % EUROPE > x Austria, oui. ranean 20.8 6.6 | 13.3 9.5 x =X me es Fre — Belgiwn? ous satan J.51.61" 23.0] 2a.6 21.3 37.0 2724.8 |i A795,.7 1719.6 | “2718.8 | 1720.4 i Bulgaria (towns)..... wef: 15.61 220 16.0 10.3 11.0 9.9 £8) {42 6.9 >) a Czechoslovakide..... wane BD 6.5(° 11.6 196.1 1931.9 96.2 1914.2 ie5.7 1944.6 Sot Denmark® (ex. Faroe Is.)| 13.5] 19.5) 20.4 9.8 10.8 15.4 13.9 2.9 2.5 5.8 ! England and Wales.......| “16.7| 14.1| 41.8 10.8 2019.4 2028.6 |. 12%17 7 208.8 #29.9 #9.2 i &Estondn x.) LL... . 7.6| 29.6 16.5 25.3 (21) (3) (21) (31) (32) (3%) i hi ah Re dm EE 5.5| 45.2] 14.2 25.7 15.4 23.6 13.6 8.6 4.6 6.5 rE 3 OR ABE SUN bel 28. 5 0.710 es rs —— | 22 230g gil R22 (R3E 5 [182 23, 5 — af S Germany= 2. sis vv vasnsive 32.91 28.91 26.0 14.0. 2° %Sza.0 — — — — _— K. BrEECE. «1 raion sve ie ATE ART | 98.7 47.5 2540.3 26418.7 | 2%%29.6 | 2%x17.1 —_— wm FALE HUNGATY 7 nals » os v5 ibis oy 210.7 5.4, 8.4 7.6 2849.8 29410.5 3049.9 3145.9 —_— — Axi Teelandlo,snivs vs diva 'sees 19.8 4.3] 73.9 0 25.3 1.7 mm LN = Zo % Ireland (Eire)......v...| 32.4] 25.0] 94.2 23.9 57.2 28.0 44.6 13.1 15.6 27.6 7 bay. s5h vai Senden 27.5] R4.8| 27.9 19.5 21.6 15.6 16.3 #9.3 = — Lithuania®i34.......... 24.6) 41.2} 28.7 12.0 3848.2 (3%) (21) (2x (21) (2%) Netherlands... ...sussns 18.9) 18.4 36.7 12.7 21.8 17.8 47.9 #10.2 #9.3 EL et Northern Ireland....... of 32.7] 21.a| 89.7 20.1 31.0 51.3] © %%4.0} | 2015 oi #025 0 (2018.2 a NOTWaYS, ie siden eines #6.4| #4.4| #5.8 #1.8 #13.7 #4.3 #13.9 — es — » Portugal (inc. Islands).| 32.3| 17.6] 23.9 ‘© RB. 17.2 19.6 14.4 16.4 | 9.5 15.0 SEOLYRNL ye rah vere noe 0m J 29.5] 13.3] 54.1 7.9 18.3 35.5 13.7 6.0 22.4 #7.0 Spain (inc. Islamds)...| 32.5( 16.4] 17.9 19.8 19.4 16.8 24.2 #17.7 #¥15.4 | #19.2 BWEAEN a vse ssies snnievens J -31.04 "10.3 [18.7 3.0 11.7, 5.0 16.9 je 3.1 — Switzerland®........ /v.. 45.6] 15.2 | 16.3 28.6 47.5 37.7 7.9 7-1 4.6 28.4 A OCEANIA 2 Australia (ex. X yi aboriginals)......... safc ATL CT.0 5.8 9.0 12.7 235.0 234.9 235.8] ?36.1 | R%2.5 fc New Zealand (ex. Maoris)| /7.4| 9.4| 7.3 8.8 11.0 *L9.9 334 gil A418.0 234.2 — 0 See footnotes on p. R19. a oe nN ration of doathes as hel as Redical’ ertizicas n of cause, 0% often ant treaty tn Latin America, Africa, and Asia} ¥ . , 3 sratipar (34) SO . = AMERICA (1 ties)... n o g © = oa = . o ® n o 2 - » o = P o - H © o Se 2 BR OHDNDO OO » o AV NONOB OO ~ 20 - 0 Oh OOOOCOO0 Hoe . . . . ~PONOHFHOC®O oo “oo. Ge 8 oo. owe ow o PE ano OHWOoO = XH OO xO C0 . COP dMDOH OO . OCONEE O o ja} { oNUHOB ot m2 20 . . co HNnonoo oFrmMocoow comms oOO0O co = od WO Pu | | | I i, Indians).... ay (districts®)... | | 1 1 * » > . ©» 0 0.0 of 0.0 3 7.5 lo o o | H © oo cCHPOp OOO ooo too | onwoooo | I oe e o . OO0OO0OOMROOOHOOOOHO oo : OCOODYOOOOOOOOHOOOROOOO co . oo . . [=] . : COOOMWOCONMOOOOCHO So reland. seve. c. Islands). oT o + : . Co [= c coNworHO OO0OO0OOHOOOOOOOOHOOMPROOOO o . ited on total sonaiation, Numbers atter causes of death are ‘those of the 198 th. estimem of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, is o Measles (35) ls 1939 ~~ . oo SE AMERICA Brasil (21 citiest)..... ~ Canada (ex. Yukon and ‘ NH. Terr.)oueoonnnnned $f n = 3 . w« 20 ow» wu = «© . 2 wo 01 FRE i Tmerlanle % Costa Riches sssvesssses SiBeuador®.... hr hs ian oH zhoohntho mn © OF PONDOEHO® oa OB Ho OBO id FHF; er Les © U1 U1 OTH 0120 DB Pa Ww SSRN iy oo 20 © HWW ®O ul ao Pi oo. Nicaragua ~ Panama (ex. Trina). on Paraguay (districts®)... ~~ Peru (ex. jungle pop.).. E 4 United States...ec.v.u.d it UrUEUAY. . cican ve oisieinins ~ Venezuela (ex. Trdinne) rd an CEYLON. +a ie oie lniciswsivivies India (Briticty. 3 depen (proper) - 5 Fn Fi | {1 a H{ 1 HOH re © mo Oo «w 0: . wn | 1 = oS . ka~l ~ . ou . x he - et Hows Powaw ls » 0 . oe BVI IHH oH j Eelatun® iss windis’s bieaie main ~ Bulgaria (towns) ~ Czechoslovakia Denmark® (ex. Faroe Is.) $s - England and Wales, ~ Estonia®?, ~ Finlang® oo. . . \ oe = © COMME EHNO OHNMO BHM Pr . DOO OR HIE NGO a0 an Hoo ee aoOMOOPOoOUIONNUNNOWWHN } Hungary? 7. i: oon us Sailers Jeeland®,..: Ireland (Bive)....... 5 | Ttaly® | Lithvania 4 Netherlands. ~ Northern Ireland i Norway Portugal (inc. Totands). = 20 %k 3 OHRODRWHON IU! O . ae. Embree bron ER rny Ts ° EY wo Noo ENIHOEONENR OG»; ®N0 0 oe DUB DNOO Noa CONDI NOH OOO OD > = = VO NO nN . . . ok Ea . OMNI NOOHNMDE III = 20 cob BEN wae \ eae Pa WOOP IP OINVWWORVO MNO Spain? (inc. Telznas).. . os. . ss oe Cox 2 CORNOWVWOHOGNM HOOXRO OM; t®©© Oo: x OHMMOFHN Fd» BODO ONE O 4 ‘Switzerland eins . . OCEANIA Kustretia (ex. 3 aboriginals) ~ New Zealand (ex. Horie) oo 0; See footnotes on p. 219. : 214 - : INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 22.—CRUDE DEATH RATES FOR 14 SELECTED CAUSES: 47 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1935-1944 —Contifued ~ (Exclusive of stillbirths. Except for puerperal causes, which are computed on live births, rates are the number of deaths from a selected cause per 100,000 population. Unless otherwise specified, rates for countries engaged in the war (1939-1945) Include deaths among armed po ¥ forces, and are computed on total population. Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of the detalled International List of Causes of Death. Registration of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, 1s often admittedly incomplete and inaccu-— rate, especially in Latin America, Africa, and Asia) Acute Poliomyelitis and Acute Polioencephalitis (36) { Country 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 : ATRICA Union of South Africa: : EuropeanS...c.ceeeee. . 0.6 0.6 1.2. 0.8 0.5 —— — — —-— —— AMERICA i Brazil (21 cities).....| 3%0.3 | 0.3 | Po.s 20.4 3%05.5 290.5 3640.2 #0.2 #0.4 #0.3 Canada (ex. Yukon and NW: Terr.) ecoeseeeees ’ 0.6 0.9 1.8 0.7 0.5 30.4 30.6 20.5 30.2 30.3 CREB. sas vinieissininions vninins 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 80.4 COLOMIIIE + lass s 5.500 + vind s ee = 1.6 — 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 Casta Hen vaste rs vonivaes . 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0.2 0.5 0.7 -— 1.7 BeuadorS. cin. ous viii evs — —_— -_— — 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 El Salvador. d.ceecesesoe —— —— — ——— ne —— ——— 0.2 em Guatemalan... i... hina Ce — Ch — EE 0 0 #0 #0.1 La HONGUNAS oor vv csv ve sv veninn — ee AN ——— ne —— — : —- ——— ——— Mex1eo. vais Loin sleinnn vias —— —— —_— — — 0.5 20,2 #0. #0.3 #0.0 Nicaragua. ... avsvsnense — —-— —— 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0 Panama (ex. Indians)....|® -— -— = —_— 0.2 0 or 0 0 0.5 Paraguay (districts 9)... — = — _— -— —— —— — — — Peru (ex. jungle pop.).. co — — Le _— | — —— 10%0.3 20.0.2 0:5 4 United States. .......... 0.8 0.6 3.1 0.4 0.6 110.8 10.6 ilg.4 lo.9 113.0 Bl Uruguay... voor. baes : 0.1 [!: "0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0 0.2 0.9 Venezuela (ex. Trtienv). 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 A ASTA ‘ CETLON, 5 ois + vials vino inpin a 0.0 0.14: 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 § India (British)....... a oi dan RE — Tos To = — — —_— Japan’ (proper). cess. 0.6 0.7 — 1209.9 130.9 120.9 1241.0 2 241.0 —_— EUROPE z ! BUSEPIT. A es oe bese reine g.2. 090 ra 0.8 0.5: *Sap.51" Wer. 1. ¥an gil 18x04 ee ; Below in, sven cn sins 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 179.5 175.5 170.5 170.4 370.5 Bulgaria (towns)........ — — — re — —— —— — ns -— Gzechoslovakia......... : 0.2 0.3 0.5.4 **0.3 127.9 220.5 95.2 120.3 297.1 — Dermark®(ex. Faroe Is.) 0.5 0.2 3.6 31 0.3 0.1 1] 2.0 0.2 5.8 England and Wales..... oo 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 200.3 200.4 200.4 290.3 #0,2 *0.3 Estonda®®............... 0 0.2 0.4 0.2 i (3%) (2) (3%) (31) PElandS. ,. cove nnn sin 0.6| 0.8 0.7 2.1 0.8 3.7 2.1 0.7 1.2 2.1 Prance. ve ssivee soins —— — —- — —_— — orem rea ero tid GermanyEt,.....'vaean ius 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.0 200.5 | 2040.3 2040.7 2040.5 2%0.4 - (28) Oreece.....--.. oe nisiniy nis o 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.6 rn oi os i —— ed BNgEry2 7. cous shia sins . 0.4 |i 0.6] 0.2 0.3 2840.5 | 2°%0.8| 29%0.6 | 31x0.7 3lx0.4 | 2: 320.2 Reelamd®,.... .v...niues 28,0) ‘4.3 1.7 2.5 0.8 0 = Te ae Ireland (Eire)......... : 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.7 2.5 2.0 0.4 Tally, oe, cesanninin 0.7 1.0% "0.8 0.7 nied LA ah We a Se ldehuania® 34... .... celery ge Lh a — (2%) (3%) (ery (725 (#2) Netherlands....oeeeeees. 0.) 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.2 #0.2 rm Northern Ireland....... , rt {ey 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 200.9 200.7 205.5 200.2 hi RE EN #0.8 | #2.9 | 1.1 #0.5 30.2 #0.5 #10.6 —— — ie Portugal (inc. Islands). mee 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 —= A 3 Scotlands essai rinses 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 #0.3 : - Spain® (inc. Islands)... (*%) = — —_— — 0.1 0.1 0.3 #0.3 #0.2 SEAN aw visa vee ve va ve . 2.8 6.9] 3.3 2.5 0.9 0.6 0.8 1.2 3.53 ce SWItZerlardS. . remem ns a 2.9 4.2 .9 1.5 0.8 5.5 2.0 0.8 5.1 OCEANIA © ¥ Australia (ex. fy aboriginals)......... 35 0.5 0.5 11.7 2.5 0.4 234.5 230.4 230.5 2340.4 2340.3 | New Zealand (ex. Maoris) o.1 |:tos | Ce. 0.5 0.3 Ala. 2X0. 420.3 pe es See footnotes on p. 219. GENERAL MORTALITY TABLE 22.—CRUDE DEATH RATES FOR 14 SELECTED CAUSES: 47 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1935-1944—Continued (Exclusive of stillbirths. Except for puerperal causes, which are computed on live births, rates are the number of deaths from a selected cause per 100,000 population. forces, and are computed on total population. Unless otherwise specified, rates for countries engaged In the war (1939-1945) include deaths among armed Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of the detailed International List of Causes of Death. Registration of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, 1s often admittedly incomplete and tnaccu— rate, especially in Latin America, Africa, and Asia) Cancer and Other Malignant Tumors (45-55) Country 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 AFRICA . Union of South Africa: EUTOPeans «ssc sssuss J 96.2| 97.5| 106.6| 103.4 104.7 20102.8 20100.4 20109.3 20110.0 — 4 AMERICA Brazil (21 cities)....J %54.6| 55.9] 57.1 58.9 261.3 263.9 2166.9 568.3 #68.7 #72.4 Canada (ex. Yukon and NW Tarr.)sseeevoisse J 103.0[ 107.0| 108.5| 108.1 110.2 8j17.2 3116.8 3117.3 3119.8 3119.3 ONB)E. slurs a bani slsins dom 68.8] 72.5] 68.7 75.5 71.0 69.7 73.0 72.1 71.1 1399.5 Colombians iv.» sins ss veintn 28.3] 31.2 — 32.3, 30.6 25.9 36.1 — 4358.2. /2%zn 0 COSER HICH sssis vis sssn ns 60.4| 54.2] 59.5 63.5 66.6 62.8 63.4 59.8 4360.0 4362.3 Beurdor?.. ci ovesssisnind — -_— —| 4319.5 16.2 19.2 18.2 19.2 18.8 — EL Salvador... ss eisniesa 12.6 8.5 10.7 10.3 13.4 12.9 12.8 13.8 18.2 17.9 Guatemala... .vs.osns J 10.5 8.9 9.7 10.7 — — — #11.9 #11.4 —— Honduras® 7....v.5..un on 5.60 8.7(5 8.6{< . "8.2 6.8 7.9 6.6 8.5 7.2 8.0 MEXICO. rsssninns os Tsai 18.4 18.8{ 19.8 20.2 21.1 25.2 29.5 43326,4 4326.0 | “43x27.5 Nicaragua .sciisenasnviny 43) 5.47437 4] 289g gl) 439.5 2311.0 $371.2 4371.4 435.0 435.5 — Panama (ex. Indians). ced om — |, = — —- is — 39.6 41.8 Paraguay (districts®)...) -— ——— — 4246 43.7 36.4 45.5 24,9 — — Peru (ex. jungle pop.).. —— —_— — —_— 4310.4 4315.9 #14.0 1044.6 10416.2 18.1 United States.......... J 108.2 111.4] 112.4| 114.9 117.5 11320.0 1120.2 i1302.1 31124.5i( 1129.3 UT OGURT ee ees aor vis oS w5 a no 86.1] 87.3] 90.2 87.3 90.4 98.8 100.8 99.8 #805.9 eit Venezuela (ex. Indians). 18.0] 20.2 23.1 25.7 25.9 25.8 25.4 29.2 27.9 30.9 ASIA BEYLON cin ssesrivs inva Jeg 9.7 9.9 10.3 115% 11.3 12.2 13.1 12.5 12.7 India (Bribish).....e«.s - - —- —— —_— — — —— -— — Japan (proper).......... 70.9] 70.0] 71.1 69.8 2270.2 1370.9 1290.3 1271.6 [12 14x69.3 Sha EUROPE Austria... av. a x 4 2 175.3 183.0| 186.5| 164.2 ee — ce = = Belgtum® ie. c desis canta 109.4 110.0] 117.2] 123.1 122.1 17119.9 27128.0 17150.5 27150.0.( 7128.7 Bulgaria (towns)........ 75.4] 76.41" 77.9 83.6 72.1 83.8 as ae 82.0 2) Czechoslovakia. .eusse... 123.5] 126.0] 124.2 |1°133.6 191%6.9 19759.3 1146.5 19150.6 19%148.7 es Denmark® (ex. Faroe Is.) 145.7) 150.8| 146.6] 147.2 143.5 147.4 148.9 150.7 155.5 156.7 England and WaleS....... 154.0( 157.5] 158.3| 161.6 20162.8 2072.5 20178.0 20183.4 #171.2 #169.9 Estonia®.. 0. 0... 0.0 108.4% 117.47 .117.2% (32>) (3%) (zy (21) (22) (23) (21) Finland el [4482.1] 4496.4 (2299.6 |44100.5 4493.2 4498.2 4495.1 24101.4 4499.8 | | 4%105.6 France. esse deNivaninia 94.8 96.0 — = em (PF 237155 5122 23) 4% 522 23149. 5 — — Germany®iin urs vsiivesid 145.2] 146.5] 145.0 146.9 [2° 2%149.2 === ah, Sh hic Breece., vost viens inn 44.4) 49.3| 48.3 52.3 2683.9 2684.0 26,55 1 26460.4 = Sh Hungary”. ovate Hi 110.8( 109.9] 114.6] = 97.3] ?%%06.7| 2%a01.3| ®we7.1| 2402.7 _— —— Eeeland®:....0.e nave vu) 131.21. 127.41 140.2/[4%118.6 135.5 126.3 — sts — a Ireland (Eire)......... J 118.6| 120.4| 126.0] 126.1 127.4 127.6 126.7 136.9 137.1 141.8 Tbaly32..., i. viassanns + 82.20 B35.90..85.% 86.4 86.0 86.2 87.8 #88.9 re — Lithuania? 34,......... 44.1| 46.9] 46.7 46.8 3543.6 (3*) (2) (22) {24) 2) Netherlands.........ss- J 126.2) 130.8 131.1] 135.9 135.6 138.2 143.1 #144 .4 4143.3 Eh Northern Ireland........ 126.0| 130.4| 130.3 132.2 132.9 136.1 20136.9 2011.7 20745.1.. $140.9 Rorwayl. i. . vain nitiinnis ni 127.5 | %130.1 |#131.1 | #130.5 #136.8 #136.2 #139.9 SE — — Portugal (aren Islands), 49.0| 48.0 50.4 48.2 46.5 45.8 49.8 45.7 43.7 44.8 Beobland i. snes vavnn J 157.4] 159.3] 156.9 | 161.7 160.7 162.7 164.5 166.3 167.9 | #168.3 Spain? (ine. Islands)... 67.8] 65.6 67.0 66.4 64.6 65.3 66.1 #61.5 #62.7 #64.8 SWeden®, . «is veins nisms 131.4] 140.0} 138.3 | 137.2 138.2 135.7 136.1 135.4 140.1 my Switzerland®........... 161.7) 160.7 | 164.8 | 176.7 172.3 176.0 173.1 174.0 182.9 178.2 OCEANIA Australia (ex. ; ] g aborizinals)..e...ue..y 108.7( 111.4| 112.6] 115.0 116.2 23116.8 E3119.4 2318.4 28y%120:7 | #3%#117.53 New Zealand (ex. Maoris)| 111.8] 118.11 118.2 | 117.6 117.9 190.2 21121.8 11721..5 1338.5 — See footnotes on p. R19. 216 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 22.—CRUDE DEATH RATES FOR 14 SELECTED CAUSES: 47 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1935-1944—Continued 2 \ (Exclusive of stillbirths. Except for puerperal causes, which are computed on live births, rates are the number of deaths from a selected cause per 100,000 population. Unless otherwise specified, rates for countries engaged In the war (1939-1945) include deaths among armed forces, and are.computed on total population. Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of, the detalled International List of Causes of Death. Registration of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, 1s often admittedly incomplete and inaccu— rate, especially in Latin America, Africa, and Asia) i Puerperal Infection (140,147) - Country 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 AFRICA Union of South Africa: . \ BUropeans,.s«ssssssass 2.5 R.4 1.9 1.5 1.3 1.2 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.7 AMERICA Brazil (21 cities).....| 364.2 24.5 23.9 23,9 282.5 23.5 243.3 #2.5 #2.6 *2.4 Canada (ex. Yukon and : MHA TTT Yo essnnsanivs 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.3 141 0.9 0.9 Ghille,..\. 0 ei 4.5 4.4 5.2 4.6 3.8 4.3 4.0 3.8 FE pe COIOMBLA. vaio vison sons sos 2.5 2.2 Fs 2.3 1.8 1.9 i ie pT LAY: Coot RICA wns v.rsss- wid vi R.6 2.3 “5 2.8 2.1 2.6 2.0 1.5 ole x Bcuador..eseeeenecannsee ene -— — — —— —— ——— ap Ri — El Salvador... ..ovesins 0.8 1.5 1.3 0.9 1.4 1.5 1:2 1.0 1.2 0.9 CRAteMALA. vores anaes 450,9'| 481.01 451.01: 450.9 — — FE #1.5 #1.5 re Honduras®. 2°, ......... rp ely —— == 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 MEXICO os os inlet is vs ss 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.9 — #1.2 #1.2 Nicaragua... .:susv. ois 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.7 ~— Panama (ex. Indians).... — — — — mr — x — 20.7. E12%) Paraguay (districts®)... — re = HE —— 2 neh 2.2 rf A Pera (ex. jungle pop.).. — — — —— —_— — an a — —— United States...... ue. 2.4 2.1 1.7 1.4 a7 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.7 DTUEUAY eve vv s viva sgn 2.1 1.8 2.8 2.2 T.2 1.3 1.1 0.7 mr id Venezuela (ex. Indians). 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.9 ASIA CeFLON. ssh sistas sav ot 8.7 8.0 [ 6.9 Tok 5.9 4.8 5.0 4 3.8 3.6 India (British)....c.... — = —_ — —_— — —— i Tl — — Japan (proper).......... 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 270.5 470.4 270.3 270.53 34/4703 ome EUROPE FET DE Swear Ded 3.0 2.9 — —_— — —— on — Belgie. hou inviss sie. vas 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.3 71.1 371.6 271.3 373. 171.2 Bulgaria (towns)........ 3.3 3.0 2.4 2,3 3.3 2.5 1.3 1.4 (2%) (2%) C2ech0S10Vakias ee enesss 2.8 2.9 2.4 Bay 192.0 ih 297 4 391.5 1841.0 hy Denmark® (ex. Faroe Is.) 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 Bngland and Wales....... 1.9 1.7 1.2 1.1 1.0:0. 0.8 J 10.8 #0.8 ——— —_— ESboniatt.. vues sivainnn 1.0 1.7 0.8 1.0 (3%) (2%) (2) (24) (22) (BLY Finland®. fen ovvenisidon 2.4 3.2 2.8 2.5 1.8 "2 ——— —-— == BA France2Crb lS ae. 0.8 0.8 hed SE ore 2203.6 220.6 220.5 Ere i232 BETMANYE Teiedaniss sasvon vs ly 1.8 1.4 1.1 2541.0 — = = — — Greece..... fae vrais sista ae Ra 2.2 Je 1.8 2ST. BSn 4 290.9 280.5 EE sim BUNZATY le sade vale a aoe 2.3 2.5 2.0 2.0 R819 281.8 301.5 217.5 poh ed Jeeland®..t...0h anna inn 1.2 0.4 1:3 1.5 0.8 0.4 oa St bE — Ireland (Bire)ececeeoes.. LE 1.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 DEALT, ives ess vo siiaia win 253 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 #0.5 Cary driest Lithonia®t 24... ..... 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.3 353.30 (22) (32) (22) (3%) (22) Netherlands....«i....... 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.7 #0.7 Sd Ear Northern Ireland........ 2.2 2.2 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Norway dl, ivi iivans 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.9 3 pte Fs Portugal (inc. Islands). 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.7 Scotland. s.uat.b ones os 3 2.6 2.2 1.6 1,7 1.0 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.3 #1.1 ' Spain®*® (inc. Islands).. 2.0 2.7 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.5 #1.4 #1.1 #1.1 SwedenS.. J... ues 1.5 1.8 1.5 1:1 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.4 pe Switzerland®..... .... 44. 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.0 17.1 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 OCEANIA Australia (ex. aboriginals)...evs.. IA 2.2 2.9 1.8 1.7 1.3 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.0 New Zealand (ex. Maoris) 1.5 0.9 135 1.9 1.2 1.1 1.8 1.4 Li Pr See footnotes on p. R19. ET ET ET TES TRE EE . | GENERAL MORTALITY 217 TABLE 22.—CRUDE DEATH RATES FOR 14 SELECTED CAUSES: 47 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1935-1944—Continued ' (Exclusive of stillbirths. Except for puerperal causes, which are computed on live births, rates are the number of deaths from a selected cause per 100,000 population. Unless otherwise specified, rates for countries engaged in the war (1939-1945) include deaths among armed forces, and are computed on total population. Numbers after causes of death are these of the 1938 revision of the detailed International List of Causes of Death. Registration of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, 1s often admittedly incomplete and 1inaccu— rate, especially in Latin America, Africas, and Asia) All Puerperal Causes (140-150) Country 1935 1936 | 1937 | 1938 1939 1940 1941 ©1942 1943 1944 AFRICA Union of South Africa: . BUropeans.s..... oe wai 4.7 5.1 4.4 3.7 3.6 3.4 his 2.8 2.8 2.8 AMERICA Brazil (21 cities).....| 27.7 8.2 8.2 7.7 26.8 27.4 2x7.5 #6.6 #6.5 #6.2 Canada (ex. Yukon and Nolo TOIT Yosseesessns . 4.9 5.6 4.9 4.2 4.2 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.8 2.7 CRIB, oe cavaisnis sisinrse 8.5 8.5 9.9 9.1 8.0 8.1 7.6 73% 7.4 6.8 COIOT Ba sy sie sn os nv slains 8.7 8.3 SE 8.5 7.5 7.5 6.8 — 6.7 8.5 Costa RiCAe.s.ve.s ise 6.5 6.0 6.4 6.6 6.1 5.6 5.8 5.1 4.1 5.1 BouadortS. ue. iiicssensis rt == 5.7 6.4 7.1 8.0 7.4 — mien EY S51vadors ess svssssrione 5.5 5.9 5.2 4.5 5.3 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.5 7 natemala. Jess ey eens AS50008 0 | (40s 0 11 205 4 —— wre — #4.7 #5 meee Honduras 2... Jusisiven 5.6 8.5 8.4 85.1 6.2 6.3 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.2 MERHCO. ven sinnnsnsbinsen 6.7 6.4 6.0 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.5 #4.4 #4.2 #41 Nicaragua...eeveessonisve 5.8 5.6 5.7 5.2 6.3 4.9 5.4 6.4 7:2 — Panama (ex. Indians).... — —_— — rem re — ct xe 5.4 (3%) Paraguay (districts®)... — —_— S= Sel 5.7 5.3 5.7 4.5 =o So Peru (ex. jungle pop.).. i — —— — 6.0 36.9 #6.5| 10 6.1 19:%65.2 5.7 United States......v.en. 5.8 5.7 4.9 4.4 4.0 3.8 3.2 2.6 2.5 2.3 UtugUaY sess erensnsnnnnns 3.0 2.7 3.7 5.1 2.6 R.7 2.1 1.8 -—— — Venezuela (ex. Indians). 4.5 3.4 3.1 3.3 R.9 3.3 3.0 3.0 RS 2.4 ASTA CFlon, isin ore dns vniiinas 26.8 21.6 19.9 20.1 18.2 | 118.1 15.3 14.4 15.3 13.7 India (British)....e.«-. ait —— mn nied —— rg rire pa — —— Japan (proper)...... Fone 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 272.5, 478.4 472.2 472 +4 479.0 St EUROPE BIS ET Be vial vinivin ivinia siainieinin 6.0 5.3 5.2 —_— — — —_— — [a — BELG oaialss vnimsls alsin s 4.2 4.6 3.8 4.0 279.8.) 273.3 175.9 173.7 175.8 17516 Bulgaria (towns)........ 5.0 4.2 3.4 2.2 5.0 4,1 5.5/ 3.0 48) (2%) Czechoslovakia. ees ives. 4.6 4.9 4.5.1 2°38 193.90 30 290.8 292.9 ® 2.1 — Denmark® (ex. Faroe Is.) 4.0 3.9 3.5 3.1 5.0 2.4 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.8 England and WaleS....... 4.3 4.0 3.5 5.4 5.2 2,7 2.9 #2.6 48 41.9 48 %1.6 Bonin... vo-vavievars 3.5 3.6 2.4 | (3%) (2) (2%) (2h) (2%) (3%) (22) Findon. en, eee deste 5.4 5.0 4.3 4.0 4.8 3.4 4. 4.1 4.4 IPENCe IT sve vaisoacs envisn 2.3 2.1 nt a Si ira 221.3 221.6 ae Set BErRany® Re. aus veniam dane 4.9 4.8 4.0 3.71122 5.5 tee ad rid oy ere BTCREE: owns oe «vs Sn wale sie 4.7 4.2 4.3 3.6 280.0 [2% 0 291.7 257.4 pr EA CT ha A NA 3 4.2 4.3 5.5 3.7 285.511" 297. 392.9 315.9 — i Beeland®. in. yoy 3.9 1.6 3.8 2.5 2.1 2.0 —— ae si stir Ireland (Bire)...e.e.es. 4.7 4.7 3.6 4.1 3.4 3.7 5.2 2.5 2.3 2.4 TEaly. od. faerie asin 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.2 AY #1.8 = net TithuaniaR® 2%, ... ey ie 7.1 6.1 5.8 5.0 A (32) (21) (32) (3%) Netherlands. ...eeeeesess 3.0 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.5 Zod 1.9 #2.0 © %#2.0 Hol Northern Ireland........ 5.5 6.1 5.0 5.3 3.8 4.2 4.2 3.0 3.2 3.1 Norway®. vee. seinirwinie ur 2.8 2.6 3.0 2.5 1.8 2.0 (2.1 — mn — Portugal (inc. Islands). 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.3 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.7 Sealand). si. el 6.3 5.6 4.8 4.9 4.5 4.4 4.9 4.2 3.8 #3.1 Spain®® (inc. Islands).. 5.5 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.0 2.5 %2.5 #2.2 #2.1 sweden®....... lad me 3.1 5.1 5.1 R.4 2.5 R.2 2.0 1.6 1.5 Aad Switzerland®.. ... vulva 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.2 3.5 3.4 2.1 2.5 2.1 2.5 OCEANIA Australia (ex. aboriginals). ave ee sens 5.5 6.0 4.6 4.7 4.1 4.1 5. 3.6 3.3 2.3 New Zealand (ex. Maoris) 4.2 37 3.6 4.1 3.6 2.9 3.4 2.5 2.2 . —— Sea footnotes on p. 219. RR FER EI a INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS Sr : / TABLE 22.—CRUDE DEATH RATES FOR 14 SELECTED CAUSES: 47 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1955-1944— Continued ) jj Excinste of stillbirths. Except for puerperal causes, which are computed on live births, rates are the number of deaths from a selected cause per 100,000 Joouterion, Unless otherwise specified, rates for countries engaged In the war (1939-1946) include deaths among armed forces, and are computed on total population. Numbers after causes of death are those of the 1938 revision of the detailed International List of Causes of Death. Registration of deaths, as well as medical certification of cause, 1s often admittedly incomplete Bnd inaccu— r ate,especlally in Latin America, Africa, and Asia) I11-defined and Unknown Causes (199,200) > : BE . Country 1935 [1936 [1937 |1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 Ki i AFRICA y= Union of South Africa: K I BUropeanS..e..xsassras 5.51 2L.400 "17,.5(N16.5 15.3 —— — — ee oma fi; 7 AMERTCA Ei Brazil (21 cities?)..... 292.50 96.7] 95.5. 92.5 279.5 275.1 2 %68.0 #75.1 #82.4 #86.7 i | Canada (ex. Yukon and We NW. Torr.Yeee stirs rss - 7.00~ 16,5) 67.01 5.5 5.3 25.6 29.0 38.4 57.5 36.8 BN Chile.....iiverusnosensn .| 130.5| 128.3] 129.6| 130.0 111.5 120.2 100.2 110.6 109.1 127.5 hs Colombia. suse vsasssss .| 236.8] 181.8] = —--| 224.1 271.5 229.1 | 294.4 a 327.0 192.0 hi Costa Rica rev esvuscsese 92.2] 85.1 80.1] 75.7 56.3 32.6 35.6 37.0 45.7 44.3 Bu Eeaador?. coves nsven mm maf el 41300 359.2 326.4 227.8 357.6 — A El Salvador............. 727.4| 651.1 588.9| 567.2 520.2 510.6 486.1 587.0 580.81. 285.6 f=. Guatemala...eesxsssasass 4121.2]%125.5/4158.8/ 145.3 — — -— #218.1 173.1 re A Honduras® 7...........%. 395.1] 194.6) 181.4|%224.6 228.1 219.0 207.0 239.3 271.3 222.8 he 2 MEXICO. vr nnmnsimnssossbios 212.3| 220.6| 213.3] 190.1 169.4 173.8 170.1 tt es ae i: Nicaragum..sv.e veers 60.3| 70.5] 64.8] 58.8 78.5 33.9 11.1 27.3 18.3 — | Panama (ex. Indians).... _— — —_— me — —_— me 164.2 153.9 5 Paraguay (districts®).. — ——- | 14.7 25.2 25.8 49.7 49.9 — — Peru (ex. jungle pop. 3: — am ze lt. 28159. 5 #105.4 #88.6 | 2° 105.1] 1° %137.6 186.0 a8 United StateS..eeeesss.. 16.27 516.5] 16.0] 15.1 15.1} +. 2118.0 1175.0 1lh4.4 1114.5 =1114.0 Pe UTOZUBY oneness 152.8] 142.2] 133.1] 157.6 109.0 111,0 16.0 109.8 #131.5 Lh . Venezuela (ex. Indians).| 762.2| 991.5|L134.8|1151.8] 1,159.2 983.8 956.3 955.7 948.3| 1,027.1 Zo ASIA BL Ceylon. cocci vsnicresssess 476.2 315.5] 294.4] 852.4 259.0 240.8 221.4 244.2 272.0 275.1 £2 India (British)...'..... —— ee L — Toe Su re SE rd — LL Japan (proper).......... 48.6 53.9] 46.1] 50.2 1248.3 3348.0 1247.97 3% 543.0P% 1% 541.7 man fi EUROPE BE AuSETAA. oun vrva elles 5.8 8.5 5.0] = 37.2 re a Fl 21 == 5 Bolgiums. orogens vanes 79.8] 81.7] 82.1] 80.7 79.3127 8%290,6 | 27 50g7.7 | 17 s0gg.7| 17 soggy 417 5967 2 Bulgaria (towns)........ 30.7] 28.7] 24.9 25.0 30.4 34.1 | (28) (28) 47.6] (28) Czechoslovaki eseeseens 11.2( 11.2] 10.6( 2°2.8 B3.0 182.9 295.5 196.4 197.1 — Denmark® (ex. Faroe Is.)| 19.7| 0.4] 19.4] 19.7 19.2 20.1 23.9 21.2 18.7 18.3 . England and WaleS....... 2.215 .0V T5.0 .6 205.3 202.5 20.5 200.1 Sn ree ; Bstonia®t. ..veioeveersnss 157.9 105.6] 99.0] (??* (2) (21) (3%) (21) Ly (22) a Finland®.... civ. oon. 21.00 "21.00. 21.81 20.5 22.4 27.2 15.9 16.0 13.8 16.3 = Francet, .. ve eiiiceerns 308.9| 314.3 Ss —=|2228060. 7 [22423000 6.12% 23100.9 — —_— : ee2.0|: 21.50 28.4] 26.0|29 2530.4 —— ee ne ——— — 131.61 131.6] 111.6] 97.4] 2° 43.8] 2° #46.0| 2° %128.2| 2° #82.1 — —f 7.7] “eal 8.8] s.0l- 2% x5.2| i 1*"m4.1] 2% uz6.0l 3 4m1.0 —— ee : 10.4(#15.4|" 18.7} —- 3.3 6.6 2 Ls — —r— Ireland Sry rales Tedeel. 2181" 220.3] 119.7] "18.4 17.8 16.8 16.1 15.9 16.7 15.7 BE TEalY2. olvnsonsnss rene 15.80 12.4] ‘11.41 10.9 13.0 19.0 20.8 #27.1 — — Bo Lithuania®® 2%.......... 235.2] 217.8] 190.0| 108.9 2140.9 (*) (22) (2%) (22) (2%) 8 Netherlands. ....... eae.) 3274] 130.5] "88.90 30.8 32.5 55.2 47.6 #51.5 — — i _ Northern Ireland........ 10.3 9.8 9.7 8.7 8.3 9.3 2010.0 209.4 20g 7 207.3 BE NOYWAY Se evvvrvonionvenrs #51.1| 49.1] #52.8| 43.0 #51.0 #60.4 #7L.2 — — — Portugal (inc. Islands) | 132.3 113.6] 98.7 97.7 104.0 108.5 130.5 127.1 118.9 105.4 IS EOtY and oes snsssnnsses 22.6] 2z2.0{ 20.3] 19.8 16.6 18.7 23.2 21.3 22.6 #23.0 | Spain® (inc. dslands)...| 52.5| 48.0] 62.1| 65.3 63.0 54.1 57.3 #53.1 #49.2| | 4.3 ORBAN, srs nh ves vin wn 5.5| 4.5 4.5 3.8 4.4 4.5 3.6 3.0 2.0 me ik Switzerland®............ 40.3 33.1]. 35.9] 22.6 22.4 25.2 19.7 21.0 17.9 19.8 ¢ / OCEANIA Australia (ex. . : aboriginals)..c.eeees.. : 5.3 4.9 3.0 5.0 3.4 235.4 2322 233.9 23 43.5 23% %3.1 . New Zealand (ex. Maoris) 1.8% 0.6 0.9 0.5 1% 3305 110.8 210,30 215.68 _— See footnotes on p. R19. GENERAL MORTALITY Footnotes for table 22 #Provisional. 1Rio de Janeiro (D.F. y and State capitals. 2For 20 cities only. 3Excludes deaths among armed forces overseas, but computed én total population. “Data exclude, in addition to stillbirths, infants born alive but dying before registration of birth. Sryphoid fever only. ®Rates are not strictly comparable with those for other countries because they are based on deaths tabulated by special cause-—of*death nomenclature and code. For Denmark and Norway, this is true only through 1940. Both countries adopted the 1938 revision of the International List of Causes of Death in 1941. “For 1935-1937, data are for year ending July 31; for 1938-1944, year ending June 30. 8Based on deaths for 11 months only, but computed on an annual basis. ®Includes 25 biodemographic districts in which there are established hospitals, health centers, dis- pensaries, or health units which are under supervision of public health authorities. 10pata for year ending June 30. 1lfxcludes armed forces overseas. 12Tncludes deaths among Japanese only, but computed on total population which apparently includes Formosans, and foreigners. 13For Japanese only. 14Includes data for Karafuto which became part of Japan proper, Apr. 1, 1943. 18Excludes data for Karafuto. 161ncludes data for a few Sudeten districts. oExcludes data for 41 communes of Eupen, Malmédy, and Moresnet, not under Belgian administration. te not computed because population base is not available. For absolute number, see table 21, Czechoslovak Republic which included, in addition, the Sudetenland, Czecho-Silesia, Slovakia, Subcarpathian Ruthenia (Subearpathia). Rates exclude deaths of German nationals. 2%Fxcludes armed forces. 2lEstonia and Lithuania became Soviet Socialist Republics on Aug. 3, 1940. 22por 87 departments only, excluding 3 departments which comprise Asace-Lorraine. 23pxcludes deaths among armed forces, but computed on total population. 24Unless otherwise specified, data are for the Altreich, i. e., territory of 1937, including the Saar. 25For the Altreich, plus Austria and the Sudetenland. 26For cities of Athens and Piraeus only. 27Unless otherwise specified, data are for territory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 28For the Trianon Territory plus the Northern Territories. 2%For the Trianon Territory plus the Northern Territories and Subcarpathia. 30For the Trianon Territory, plus the Northern Territories, Subcarpathia, and Transylvania. 3lpor the Trianon Territory plus the Northern and Southern Territories, Subcarpathia, and Transylvania. 32Computed on 1943 population. 33Excludes deaths among armed forces, and for 1935-1939 civilian workers in Africa and Spain. Rat computed on total population, except for 1935 which is based on "present" population. 34Unless otherwise specified, data are for territory of 1938, i. e., including Klaipeda (Memel) and + excluding Vilnius. 39Excludes data for Klaipeda (Memel) and Vilnius. Klaipeda was annexed by Germany,Mar. 21, 1939. 3CFor 19 cities only. 37For departments only, excluding territories (Intendencias and Comisarias). 38 uberculosis of the respiratory system only. ' '3®Includes dengue fever. +5 Computed on 1938 enumerated population. “Icomputed on 1941 enumerated population. “2Tncludes Smallpox; not shown separately in source. 43Tncludes Nonmalignant tumors or tumors of unspecified nature. 44Carcinoma only. 4SRates computed on births excluding, in addition to stillbirths, inrants born alive but dying before registration of birth. 4®Rate not computed because births not available. For absolute number, see table 2%. 47For Japanese only. “BRate excludes deaths caused from Abortion, with mention of infection. “°Tneludes stillbirths. 80Tncludes military and civilian deaths due to operations of war. Source: Based on deaths given in table R1 and computed on population primarily from table 3. 746604 O - 47 - 15 Koreans, Pp. 190. HEL, Bohemia and Moravia only, representing approximately 50 percent of the population of the original and es are 220 ? INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 23—EXPECTATION OF LIFE (AVERAGE REMAINING LIFETIME) IN YEARS, BY SEX, Male Country and period At At 10 At 20 At 30 At 60 At 80 birth years years years years years . Argentinas’ Native population: ’ LOLA, sev vecivain ovations snsnnsivessssvsee 51.7 50.2 41.2 32.2 18.5 5.1 Alien population: H904e eis esnnicnssnsssosinesivesviossssssoionseses Rt 55.1 46.6 37.7 13.8 4,1 | Buenos Aires (city): FOV, ss savavosvassseesssomacsss sess evens 46,44 47.26 39.21 31.70 12,66 5.33 Australia (ex. aboriginals): 195Rw] O54, ses anvsncseissiacenvsmoronesenisee 63,48 58.02 48,81 39.90 15.57 5.22 Austria: 030-1033, cs overs snsessissvnsosesssseseves 54.5 54,1 45,2 36.9 14.2 4,6 Belgium: 1028103200 sasavsssossseseseossseviaseniosise 56.02 54,88 46,04 37.78 14.53 4,65 Brazil: Native population: ABO0IOR 02, a iesssnis srs smeisnssnas enemas 39.25 44,27 36.14 29.97 12,99 5.01 Rio de Janeiro (D.F.): 1930-1940 ,0ssvsevsnvesssssnosnsssnssonvsvoae| A077 44,56 36,23 29.47 11.96 4,38 1959-1040" iss 7ssnnsesncssnscersesoonssneiory. 45504 47.11 38,77 31.92 13.40 4.94 3520-10212 0. suanvnanss sss vossenssse sevens] badd 45.60 37.40 31.25 13.94 5.51 S#o Paulo (city): 3 he 10301 G4] s oss 0vsensssonovsssnvessesivesnsese 46,71 50.02 41.33 33.29 12,93 4,47 JOB IOA0R Lee iares ont sins ans snnone ss niie 50.13 52.39 43,70 35.73 14.81 5.44 x IG20-A001L, avenues sasnts one sene sess inne 42,67 49.61 41.54 34,54 15.12 5.81 Bulgaria: 2025-1028 sfesnsrsrvsrsnvincovevssnreseveese 45,92 53.75 45,78 38.45 16.45 7.08 Canada (ex. Yukon and Northwest Territories): 5 1941,0usienncsnocrtnrerecasccannogecnacaces| 62.95 58.70| 49,51 40,73 16.06 5.54 1930-1932, s00sisesensevssesessesevsonsesnsses —— 57.96 49,05 40,55 16.29 £.61 0930s 0s se vnovnvssivianvssnoensssreessseeesies 58.46 57.15 48,24 39.74 15.46 4.80 1920193] 0 'si's sss sinssseassestnssussrsensesse 59.32 58,23 49,35 40.76 16,53 5.77 Chile: AO40 sc vc snsnniss oss vasesvesssssovions saves 37.9 46,4 38.4 31.8 13.0 5 00308 reins tans enionroomsinnssoesnoerivsssve| dled 45,0 37.7 228.3 315.8 10. BOBO OnE errs vars e viene ts 38.8 47,1 39.4 526.3 231.2 5 1980s secsvsssssnsrravessevesesssvarveosses 35.4 46.5 38.7 832.5 13,7 5 Colombia: * y AOB01G4) v uivoivin ses ois sols vo sivinnnsoedasons eves 46,30 51.81 43,32 35.88 14,73 4 Costa Rica: * * NOD vie sivis vi siniolnis at naisio savin avis sae nes ores ss 40.69 46,14 37.91 30.85 11.60 3.80 Czechoslovakia: ' IOP 1030 secon ssnssssssnssssvsessvesvresite 51.92 54,04 45,29 37.15 14.35 4,73 Denmark (ex. Faroe Islands): BE Oat0800 eons re sar boats red ewins 6345 59.6 £0.3 41,2 16.0 5 1931-1035. csssnsssstsscorsscsstsscasavenss 62.0 58.0 49,8 41.0 16.0 S. > Egypt: } ETO. a Nh es A ween 31 38.06 32.92 27.80 13.65 6.05 England and Wales: 3 A037 vn cnesioonsnonsnsenssnsresee ves vnennee 60.18 56.25 47,10 38.32 14,32 8.58 18301032 cs esssssosesesseissessessasnonrnene £8.74 55.79 46.81 38.21 14.43 4,74 Estonia: NOZOWIOBA , sve vvnvedusarasnbovssevissssveen DBsLR 52,02 43,68 35.99 14.36 5.04 Finland: HOV BAO) st euivlens vost enaun rion nsonnensne 54,45 51.73 43,34 35.89 14,57 5.91 198) =1 085. svar rsessensancrnrsnsntnsesesenrse 53.94 51.41 42,99 35,58 14,25 5.73 France: : ¥ 193310380 cosrnsrossassssenvescnessvesssse 55,93 52.57 43,62 35.52 13.92 4,61 ¥ AOR ORB, hs nrsnnins ones sisssasvonsansonneees 54,32 52.06 43,30 35.42 13.76 4,44 Germany: 1932-10344, cc0v0ets000s0000s0s000s0000000ons 59.86 57.28 48,16 39.47 15.11 4,84 See footnotes on pe R24. i LONGEVITY FOR SELECTED AGES: 39 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, LATEST AVAILABLE PERIODS Female . Country and period At At 10 At 20 At 30 At 60 At 80 birth | years years years "| years years Argentinas! Native population: +) >) (*) *) *) ¢) 1914 Alien population: ¢) (*) {*) 3 *) &) 1914 Buenos Aires (city): 4) ) *) ) {%) 2) 1014 Australia (ex. aboriginals): 67.14 61.0% 51.67 42,77 17.74 6.01 1932-1934 Austria: 58.5 57.0 48.0 39.6 15.4 5.0 1930-1933 Belgium: 59,79 57.25 48,43 40.17 15.93 5.20 1928-1932 Brazil: Native population: *) ¢) *) ®) *) ) 1890-1920* Rio de Janeiro (D.F.): 46,27 50.46 42,27 35.94 15.86 5.46 1939-1941 {*) () {*) (*) {*) ) 1939-1940* (=) (*) (2) (>) {*) {) 1920-1921* S30 Paulo (city): mY 52 oS oo a Ri 1939-1941 ( ) ) 1939-1940 *) *) *) *) *) 3) 1920-1921 * : Bulgaria: 46.64 53.20 45,45 38.97 17.18 7.27 1925-1228 Canada (ex. Yukon and llorthwest Territories): 66.29 61.08 51.78 42.81 17.62 6.03 1941 _—— 58,72 49.76 41.38 17.15 5,92 1930-1932 60.23 58.17 49,16 40.78 16.55 5.25 1931 61.59 59.03 50.09 4].61 17,32 6.05 1929-1931 Chile: } 39.8 48.5 40.8 34,5 14.4 5.47 1940 (*) *) *) (*) {*) (*) 19392 *) ¢) ) *) *) ) 1920-1932" 37.7 48.1 €40,1 34,4 15,0 6.0 1930 Colombia: > *) *) &) * Mt *) 1959-1941 i i 3 : . 2 Costa Rica:’ ) {H *) {) ) £5) 1927 Czechoslovakia: 55.18 56.10 47,40 39.24 15.35 5.1 1929-1932 : Denmark (ex. Faroe Islands): 65.8 60.6 53.1 42,0 16,8 5.3 1936-1940 63.8 59.4 50,0 41,2 16.4 5.4 1931-1935 Egypt: 36 41,64 35.77 30.04 14.58 6.45 1917-1927 7 England and Wales: 64.40 £9.59 50.40 41.60 16.48 89.97 1937 62.88 58,87 49,88 41.22 16.50 5.46 1930-1932 Estonia: 59.60 58.08 49,75 41.82 17.44 5,92 1932-1934 Finland: ® 59,55 56.24 47,89 40.15 16.41 Se l2 1931-12840 58,69 655.65 47,40 39,75 16.22 5.62 1931-1235 France: 61.63 57.50 48,64 40.46 16,50 £.46 1933-1938 : 59.04 55,95 47,40 39.54 15,94 5.09 1928-1933 Germany: 62.81 £9.09 49,84 41.05 16.07 5.15 1932-1234 % 3 5 [Ee INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS : TABLE 23 .—EXPECTATION OF LIFE (AVERAGE REMAINING LIFETIME) IN YEARS, BY SEX, Male Country and period Es : : At At 10 At 20 At ZO At 60 At 80 WR ’ birth years ‘years years years years Greece: AOR Bi vovhmsive veins vivasnnevondineeseveerie 49,09 52.40 44.31 37.07 16.03 810.57 Hungary: fs AO50=105] yasinnnsssssneeserosssssssiseneasiss 59,77 56.97 47,63 38.70 13.49 2.85 i Indie'® (British): ‘ La 1923 m18500is nc osc vv snssonnnsnsvacoveesssens 26.91 36.38 20.57 23,60 10.25 3.13 is Ireland (Eire): i 2940-1040 ps yes errs vvesnsinnsveniossinerse £48,01 56,25 47,24 38,92 15.37 5.68 os 1O3Eml 087 asian snes 00s 0sssessnnsnnisessonives 58,20 55,75 46.83 38.53 15,46 6.00 i i 1925100, co savenesrasisvseviarensssesencves 57.37 55.20 46,40 38.329 18,75 5.81 As Italy: 4 058ml 037 sss si icio'sins see rusivie nasser vaiisiaieien —_— a —— ri -— NE Bn 19301052 sui ec snessnsssronesnonssvasensesse 53.76 55.46) 46,75 38.58 15.16 4.85 3 Japan (proper): : 198521086. 00st 0000sssstssinvesssnsesssnennes 46,92 48.25 40.41 33.89 12.55 4,20 1OR6mIOBD ss va sv siweinsnveiasisivensioniorss sees 44.82 47,93 40.18 33.43 12,23 4,15 El Latvia: An O31 0BB. sisi nvnnsivonsessisnsisian nev anon esse 55,39 54,19 45.58 37.47 14.73 5.50 % Mexico: i ROPGARER, ese varies sists 37,19] 44,24 36.71 50.9 12.81 5.29 1930s ceseccccctnarncrcnccnccsncsncsonncacs 32.44 44,57 37.25 30.97 13.50 5.17 iA Netherlands: Ei 1951 =1940,4 ss ¢0ssssevsssvesonnnnssioassesssne 65.7 60.3 51.0 41.9 16.3 1 9.8 Ra A831 1085 0s cssonrssseirvsesnssnsivorasnses 65.10 60.10 50.90 41.90 16.30 5.30 New Zealand (ex. Maoris): 1OZA~1 058, suvsesvssns suns sess donsnviseaess 65,46 59,11 49.89 40,94 16,06 5 108) evss secs scrsnsvetvoivesresssusnionsvaeion 65.04 58,75 49.61 40.78 16.22 Se Northern Ireland: A 10251007 snes ruinous onsionniesissensesivesons 55.42 54.42 45,63 37.46 14.79 5.43 y Norway: ¥ 1021-193) sinavsnsssvsivninsossesvssnnsnsesees 60,98 56.27 47.73 40.39 16.97 5.87 Peru: ’ Lima (city): 1938-1935" 4 ssesssesecsnsecssssiornssrecenes 38.97 45,00 37.95 31.22 11.80 3.21 Poland: BOE GB2: se oeonssiians ng shivishininniails dua 48.2 52.2 43,7 36.0 13.7 4.6 Portugel (inc. Azores and Madeira Islands): i A OBOm 1 OAD onis's's sion sins vans iva oalsinsls ose estumss 48,58 52,61 44,00 36.04 13.86 88.19 Wi Russia (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics): BY Buropean territory: ; 19261927, saves rsvesorssasarossesinnrsosse 41.92 £1.65 43.24 35.65 14.85 6,05 R.3.F.S5.R.: 1026-1000 yess ssineienrtvetisssnrssereseecss 40,23 50.98 42.48 34.82 14.48 5.87 fi Siberia: He OB sss sevc ss onssssnninensssisessshnes 39.18 53.12 44,86 37.22 16.68 7.32 Ukrainian S.S.R.: i OPO I00T. oon iv cris ah aera 45,42 52.63 44,58 37.25 1£.45 6.14 Ag White Russia (Byelorussian S.S.R.): : O01 027 0's sss tvisinnnsssicessnsorvmsiensesass 50.77 54,79 46,22 38.58 16,75 6.93 Scotlands 1930193200 0es0c0tssssisvansssvesassasenss 56.0 £4.9 46,0 37.4 14.1 J 4.8 oh Sweden: £ 21936-19400 s sss cs oven 0secsonnsissecsvensvions 64,30 £8.77] 49.70 41,13 16.35 5.25 3 19311035, cvc0ssssontssessssansssseanssenes 63.22 58,37 49.44 41,07 16,59 5.37 Switzerland: B i 1938-183 T cannes snenseivesisioeime sine veinveese 60,7 55.6 46.5 38.0 14,2 4 3: 1629-1032, vesesossheisosvsesrsnrstsecensne £9.25 £4.35 45.36 36.97 13.91 4,58 See footnotes on pe RR4e FOR SELECTED AGES: 39 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, LATEST AVAILABLE PERIODS—Continued LONGEVITY Female i Country and period At At 10 At 20 At 30 At 60 At 80 birth | years vears years years years Greece: 50.89 54,48 46,43 39.45 17.49 ®10.99 1928 Hungary: ! 63.74 59,57 50,31 41.46 15.10 3.61 14980-1931 £ Indie (British): ‘ 26,56 33,61 27.08 22.30 10.81 3.25 1921-1930 NS : Ireland (Eire): 61.02 56,94 48.04 39.89 16.31 6.39 1940-1942 59.62 56.10 47,26 39,22 16.17 6.46 1935-1937 £7.93 54,92 46,36 38.60 16.36 6.47 1925-1927 Italy: 5745 57.9 49,1 40,7 16.2 5.2 1935-1937 56.00 57.15 48.49 40.41 16.13 5.18 1930-1932 Japan (proper): 49,63 50,47 43,22 36.88 15.07 4,67 1635-1936 46,54 49.18 42.12 35.98 14.68 4,73 1926-1930 Latvie: 60.93 58.80 50.25 42,10 17.73 6.35 1934-1936 Mexico: 1) 00) (2) *) G) * 1929-1933" 34,07 45.87 38.46 32.01 12,92 4,76 1930 Netherlands: § 67.2 60.8 51.5 42.3 16.8 210.2 1931-1940 E 66,40 60.50 51.10 42,10 16,70 5.60 1931-1935 i New Zealand (ex. Maoris): 68.45 61.45 52.02 42,98 17.49 5.85 1934-1938 67.88 60,67 51.28 42,45 17.30 5.63 1931 Northern Ireland: 56.11 53.73 45,22 37.42 15,55 6.25 1925-1927 3 Norway: 63.84 58.35 49.85 42.14 18.16 6.31 1921-1931 Peru: : fo Lima (city): (*) (2) 2) ) *) ¢) 1933-1935% ; Poland: 51.4 54,0 45,7 38.0 16.1 5.0 1931-1932 | : Portugal (inc. Azores and Madeira Islands): 52.82 56.86 48.35 40.35 16.20 89,59 1939-1942 Russia (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics): : European territory: 46,79 55,72 47,36 39.75 17.07 6.77 1926-1927 R.S.F.S5.R.: 45.61 55,91 47.48 39.79 17.12 68.75 1926-1927 Siberia: 43,20 56.22 47,98 40,59 18.42 7.55 1926-1927 : : Ukrainian S.S.R.: X 48.83 54,73 46.76 39.34 16.58| * 6.51 1926-1927 4 White Russia (Byelorussian S.S.R.): 54,70 57.13 48,61 41,79 18,08 €.61 1926-1927 ; Scotland: i 59.5 57.2 48,3 39.8 15.9 5.2 1930-1932 3 Sweden: 66,92 60.46 £1.27 42.48 17.19 5.49 1936-1940 : 65.33 59,49 50.55 42,15 17.29 5.62 1931-1935 4 ’ Switzerland: 5 64.6 58.8 49,6 40,9 16.0 5.2 1933-1937 4 A 63.05 57.51 48,46 40,01 15.45 4,92 1929-1932 4 i someliat lpm Nee ® y TE ——_ » 224 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 23 .—EXPECTATION OF LIFE (AVERAGE REMAINING LIFETIME) IN YEARS, BY SEX, Male Country and period X At At 10 At 20 At 30 At 60 At 80 birth years years years years years Union of South Africa: European population: 1000... ce ies asnsnvorinnsniinnsensiinisoosennee 61.,46| 56.63] 47.32] 234.36] *12.22 hn A0Bed03T ce vis vene sven sesovnvaiovssnvenee li BB.08 1 BEA] "ae, 45 37,93 14.97 5.20 AOE 1007 se ae sassssenieinensnaninsiosnneiol) BT.T8 85,17 | 48.27 37.87 15.31 5.42 Colored population:™* A0EEm105 ee sr svn nceinnennsssnenmisdnoiaie | 40:28] 146,58] | 38,78 32,10 14.08 5.50 United States: White population: HOARE IB, Ce vita niisise senses aes ne 63.16| 56.82 47.55) ©29.,97 14.93 —— JOABRR vec iisasdosonenstindenendeddnaces 63.65| 57.34] 48,02 39.07 15.25 89.69 AOA ise sera s beast Fiver nrae 62.94 56.91 47.61 38.64 14.88 89,26 1989csceecesaccoccsccscoscesocssscccsncnccs 6R.5 56.9 47,7 38.7 15.0 247.1 1939-1941 cceencccrsecsseccssccecssensances 62.81 57.03 47.76 38.80 15.05 5.38 1 1930-1939. cc0cvcoccscscscossssccascossccnn 60,6 55.9 46.8 38.1 14.9 5.3 19R%9-1931ceeecctcnssocescsssenscresvocncns 59.1% 54,96 46.02 37.54 14.72 5.26 Negro population: 1939-1941, 40000000000 0esess0cscssensnsncne 52.26 48.34 39,52) . 32.05 14,37 6.58 1929-1931cccescsccssssessesccssccsscecsces 47,55 44,27 35.95 29.45 13,15 5 Nonwhi: copulation: SD eiiinuryavvbetasiongste 54,65 49,91 41.04f - °25.83 14.62 — 194% ceccereccosrcccttctoctcacrcsniaosans 54,28 49,63 40,73 33,04 14.85 10,72 1940" Te seesrsrecsrcsescensiesvessecseresee 53.04 48,41 39,58 32.09 14,22 £9.83 1939. ceecsescsesscseossssesssescsssssssscce 52.1 48,6 39.8 32.4 14.7 328.5 1930-1939¢.0seccossovssscvoscssssseescsscs 49.4 46,5 38.1 31.1 14.1 6.0 #Provisional. Data by sex are not available. Data for both sexes combined are given under "Male." 2At 35 years of age. 3pt 55 years of age. “At 65 years. of age. 8At 40 years of age. ®Expectation of life appears inconsistent with values given for next succeeding age. Apparently correct values are 32.0 for males and 40.7 for females. “Computed from census data only. 8At 70 years of age. LONGEVITY ' FOR SELECTED AGES: 39 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, LATEST AVAILABLE PERIODS—Contimied 225 Female Country and period At At 10 At 20 At 30 At 60 At 80 birth years years years years years Union of South Africas European population: 66.08) 60.08] 50.96] 237,67] *13.63 — 1940 63.06 58487 49,72 40,98 16.82 5.75 1935-1937 61.48 58.33 49,34 40,77 16.768 5.85 1925-1927 Colored populations? 40.86 46,33 39.13 33.41 15.07 6.08 1935-1937 United States: White population: 68.27| 61.35 51.82] ©33.47 17.05 — 194318 13 68.61 61.74 52.19 42,92 17.42 ©10.87 194212 67.31] 60.63] 51.15 41.98 18.75( *10.27 19402 668.7 60.4 50.9 41.8 16.8 4:97.58 1939 687.29 60,85 51.38 42,21 17,00 5.88 1939-1941 64.6 59.0 49,7 40.9 16.5 5.8 1930-1939 62.67 57.65 48,52 39.99 16.05 5.83 1929-1931 Negro population: 55.56 50.75 42.04 34,40 16.10 8.02 1939-1941 49,51 45,33) 37.22 30.67 14.22 6.90 1929-1931 Nonwhite population: 57.97] 52.50, 43.58] 28.11 16.50 — 394332 13 58.00 52.70 43,81 35.94 17.01 913.12 194212 56.01 ° 50.44] 41,72 34,10) 15.83 211.30 194012 55.0 50.5 41.8 34,3 16.2 14 9,9 1939 52.1 48.2 39.9 32.8 15.2 7.0 1930-1939 ®Excludes war losses, i.e., military and civilian deaths due to war. 10Data are for a registration area which includes almost 100 percent of total British territory and 76 percent of India proper. 11lcomprises 10 percent of the total -non-European population. 12computed by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. 13fxcludes armed forces overseas. 1475 years Source: of age. Compiled from official yearbooks and vital statistics reports for each country and from selected secondary sources. See complete bibliography on p. 238. - TERT TE EE AT TE See footnotes on pe 227. i SR 5 Leg we ETT Ack x 3 ‘ BE a kK * ¥ B : Cr I : X i 226 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS \ t Bi : TABLE 24, —NUMBER OF MARRIAGES REPORTED: 64 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1937-1944 b Country 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 AFRICA BED ve ssionissionies ea 209,838 191,574 183,823 198,839 235,785 264,670 | 81,844 | 284,465 Union of South Africa: 5 BUropeans. . ves eens sees 23,121 22,974 22,943 28,387 22,690 23,095 24,491 23,089 Non-Buropeans......... 23,991 26,088 26,298] ° 28,378 29,262 29,796 #29,755 HA ; AMERICA E Argentina...,. Fries 280,398 #89,212 #94,031 91,594 98,112 102,994 110,227 Sie 50 Argentina (ex. terr. Ye 295,819] %84,901 #89,413 86,248 92,582 96,899 103,346 | %110,140 Ee SE BOliviake. dunes svar eal 8,914 311, 681 12,212 45,754 17,501 20,071 20,359 19,457 Jai Brazil en vnnnn nn aaeneis| 2145584 $132,404 Ee _— ee tes kt Ee, BES Brazil (R1 cities”).... 834,507 833, 451 sn hed ac Hes Not Lu | Canada (ex. Yukon and Northwest Terr.)...... 87,800 88,438 103,658 123,318 121,842 127,372 110,937 101,496 Be Yukon and N. W. Terr.l. 82 99 116 148 118 145 161 2 Rx Chile..s sr hiatal sie 38,082 37,487 44,767 42,187 42,390 43,559 43,004 43,358 i Colombia. + vwisss os ver rnee 42,703 42,603 44,291 43,682 49,170 51,079 51,239 20 358 Bir, Colombia (ex. terr.).. 42,304 41,927 43,907 42,881 48,456 50,226 50,309 °21,874 wi Costa Rica....... ha 4,128 3,920 4,052 3,722 3,978 3,880 3,812 4,695 Ba Cuba... Se Sle seen : wm er 16,773 — 13 45% oy Wi i Dominican Republicl..... 5,053 4,058 4,649 5,458 5,137 9,768 Ta a ! Beuador. sess es anim ress 16,721 16,076 17,192 16,940 16,970 17,758 18,383 1018,502 El Salvador .....e:.s Vas 6,337 6,050 6,149 5,965 6,667 6,466 6,156 6,887 3 Guatemala....eseeenss bes 4,497 5,386 6,118 4,835 4,784 4,753 5,587 6,616 i Hadtif., .. ons evreiners ‘ 2,565 2,261 2,868 2,397 2,548 3,k08| ~ 4,315 os 3 Hondurastl.u..vue vines 3,213 125 857 3,158 3,359 3,039 2,933 3,143 4,063 (¥ MEXICO, ces imams saisnnniine] , 129,485] 180,840 133,746 156,358 126,859 176,550 | %136,000| %134,000 i NICATARUG 2+ fearon saree 1,338 % 548 1,822 1,905 2,162 2,811 3,868 4,087 Fg Panama (ex. Indians).... — —_— 1,925 = —— i ne AR i Paraguay... iain 6,672 6,422 6,693 5,850 4,671 =i —— ed pe Paraguay (districts?® 13) _— 2,151 2,135 2,354 1,593 1,745 ret a ai. Pera (ex. Jungle pop. )- 22,415 20,209 18,357 21,386 18,680 20,230 20,510 21,690 Hat United States™®.........| 1,451,296| 1,330,780| 1,403,633 1,595,879| 1,695,999| 1,772,182| 1,577,050 | 1,452,594 F Uruguay...... Sen sare 13,979 14,709 15,001 14,344 16,057 15,87 Lee anid Ba Venezuela (ex. Indians). 13,656 13,904 16,005 17,053 15,877 16,127 16,842 16,240 r ASIA i Burma.eee... ein vie soinieieninie — — — —_— —_— Se — —r gh Ceylon... isis ecne beers 34,758 35,466 32,569 33,466 36,484 48,522 50,191 46,938 XK Chosen (Korea)....eees.. 126,917 —_— — — _— — — —— is India (British)......... — —— — — — — — — Japan (proper)*®........ 674,500 538,831 554,321 666,575 791,625 679,044 | 16743,842 a ‘ Malaya...ee.. cesecenns oe me —_— —_— —_— — — —_— —_— ~ Straits Settlements.... — — —— -— —— —— —— —— oy Federated Malay States. — — — — a — —_— te [0 _ Unfederated Malay Sts.. ry ie -— — — — —— —— ki Netherlands E. Indies: pov Java and Madura (Bur.). 1,851 2,101 2,283 a oi i Ri fr La ' Outer Prov. (Europeans) 348 315 407 iL AI nr — ris BEE: Palestine??........ ha 13,461 9,915 13,548 17,172 18,560 19,915 19,942 16,169 ly Ki EUROPE Wl Austria. oc. .ivers RECON 46,359 89,994 117,520 #78,490| 858,277 1854,241| 849,941 Bd 4 Belgium. .ouuuerennnenns . 63,435 61,549 54,871] °35,685| 1°52,697 106), 834 852,056 *2485,552 Eh’ Pulgaria®®.. eee.e is ininn 51,141 53,275 57,107 56,990 55,868 66,905 64,487 58,677 i 3 Czechoslovakia: 2 Bohemia and Moravia®*.. 60,392 56,178 78,169 73,117 65,908 73,722 #55, 791 Lu Wi Denmark (ex. Faroe Is.). 34,130 33,625 35,856 35,262 33,719 35,825 36,738 37,524 | England and Wales.......| 359,160 361,768 439,694 470,549 388,921| 569,744 #296,432 | #302,046 2 Fstonia®®......0.- esas 9,562 9,549 9,706 10,831 11,201 (22) (33) (22) Es Finland... .cevesenes ve 32,464 33,609 30,614 30, 778 37,662 26,891 31,954 31,535 ile PIINCE. ahs sels shivensinss 274,508 273,917 258,429 23169, 971 2316) 770 23557, 271 24401], 563 245199, 442 by Pi Cermany2S. sider rene snins 620,265 645,062 774,163 613,103 504,200 525,459 #514,095 otra i © /GreECRessssesrsrasnns es 45,833 46,007 47,021 ——— — --- —_— — BRC Hungary®®. cuvvsessreaese 80,259 74,276 80,163 71,938 79,074 75,575 #74,100| °%37,100 WN TCEIaNd. luivais sc wisine rnin 665 670 706 799 1,024 1,070 990 985 va Ireland (Eire).e..ceees. 14,780 14,893 15,204 15,212 15,021 17,470 17,328 16,772 fs TEaY es onainnrssisontoenee 377,219 324,844 322,513 314,167 273,695 #287, 369 275217, 129 274003, 673 i NURTIALITY TABLE 24 .—NUMBER OF MARRIAGES REPORTED: 64 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1937-~1944—Continued Country 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 EUROPE—Continued LabVAnc2, vue vnc ssines 15,971 16,735 18,146 #19,462 %*R3,898 (22) (22) (22) Iithuaniae®® 29.,...... ae 18,742 20,248| 2°18,119| 3°928,443 (3R) (2%) (22) (22) Malta and GOZO..eves.... 1,806 1,778 — = 2,236 2,016 2,667 NetherlandS..:e.... var 66,040 67,040 80,597 67,220 - 65,718 87,559 #65,332 #50, 446 Northern Ireland........ 8,623 8,617 9,185 9,795 11,966 11,673 . 10,155 9,508 Berman assnssrrng spruce 23,959 24,335 26,095 #27,983 #26,459 ote — 3A, Polarity. vue csrnnsivsiien 275,560 278,713 mdi: ond 3105,134 311,329 3111,894 = Portugal (inc. Islands). 46,801 48,847 48,536 46, 618 55,131 58,664 58,455 59,620 Banta... deiices oie wives 185,024 173,703 158,933 32179) 845" 3%105,127] 2°138,103 |" 23117,100 — Scotland. se. ceevasees - 38,334 38,716 46,236 53,522 47,620 47,402 38,271 57,111 Spain (ine. Islands).... 143,339 113,020 143,680 215,790 189,631 187,457 #173, 768 %187,415 Sederiaie sacs snes be 55,606 58,130 61,373 59,166 58,102 63,659 62,803 #85 ,450 Switzerland... .xscsveinsn 30,394 31,031 51,513 32,472 36,130 36,820 35,694 34,765 Yugoslavid. casos esscsoos 117,717 | #121,605| #123,817 Se oo =r bod o— EUROPE-ASIA Russia (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics).. —— —_— —_— —_— —_— CU te — = OCEANIA \ Australia®%...... es sinhiey 59,448 62,411 64,249 77,889 75,148 86,060 67,673 68,201 New Zealand (ex.Maoris). 14,364 15,328 17,115 17,448 13,313 12,219 11,579 13,125 New Zealand (Maoris).... 609 831 676 636 517 556 442 rks #Provisional. 1Registration is admittedly irregular and incomplete. 2Excludes data for Province of Santa Fe with a population of 1,499,833. 3Excludes data for department of Pando. “Civil marriages only. ®Excludes data for States of Golaz » Rio Grande do Norte, and olrttiory of Acre with combined population of 1,693,110. ®Excludes data for State of Goiaz with a population of 793,125. Rio de Janeiro (D.F.) and State capitals. SFor 20 cities excluding Goifnia with a population of 22,000 in 1937 and 36,995 in 1938. 9For 6 months only, Jan. through June. 10pxcludes data for Oriente and Archipiélago de Coldn with combined population of 180,094 on Jan. 1, 1944. 11lFor 1937, data are for year ending July 31; for 1938-1944, year ending June 30. 12por 11 months only, Aug. 1937 through June 1938. : 13Tncludes 25 biodemographic districts in which there are established hospitals, health centers, dispensaries, or health units which are under the supervision of public health authorities. 14Estimated by the U. S. Bureau of Census. 1SFor 1939-1944, data are for Japanese only. 1€Excludes data for Karafuto which became part of Japan proper, Apr. 1, 1943. 17Data for "settled" population, excluding nomadic Beduins (numbering 66, 553 at 1931 census) and armed forces. 18Includes data for a few Sudeten districts. 19 Excludes data for 41 communes of Eupen, Malmédy, and Moresnet, not under Belgian administration. Population of these communes estimated at 88,090 in 1939. f erritory of 1939, defined by Treaty of Neuilly, signed, Nov. 27, 1919. 21Bohemia and Moravia represent approximately 50 percent of the population of the original Czechoslovak Republic whizh included, in addition, Sudetenland, Czecho-Silesia, Slovakia, and Subcarpathian Ruthenia (Subcarpathia). German nationals are excluded, beginning with 1938. 22Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania becare Soviet Socialist Republics on Aug. 3, 1940. 23For 87 departments only, excluding 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. 24For 86 departments only, excluding Corsica and 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. 25Data are for Altreich, i. e., territory of 1937, including the Saar. Marriages in Grossreich, including Austria, Sudetenland, Menel, .and Danzig, are as follows: 1939..... 946,279 1942..... 606,982 1940..... 731,629 1945.....#501,453 1941.0 en 589,226 267erritory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 27pxcludes Venezia Giulia and Zara. 28Unless otherwise specified, data are for territory of 1938, i. e., including Klaipeda (Memel) and excluding Vilnius. 29Excludes data for Klaipeda (Memel) and Vilnius; Klaipeda was annexed by Germany, Mar. 21, 1939. 30Fxcludes data for Klaipeda (Memel) but inclades Vilnius, returned to Lithuania, Aug. 1939. 3lpor Mdartheland" comprising mainly the 3 Provinces of Lodz, Kalisz, and Posnan in western Poland. 32Excludes data for Bessarabia and the northern half of Bukovina ceded to U.S.S.R., Aug. 2, 1940; two-thirds of Transylvania ceded to Hungary, Aug. 30, 1940; and one-third of Dobrudja ceded to Bulgaria, Sept. 7, 1940. 33Includes data for Bessarabia and northern Bukovina, replaced under Rumanian administration in July 1941, but excludes Transylvania and Dobrudja (see note 32 above). 3 34Excludes aboriginals. Source: Compiled from official yearbooks and vital statistics reports for each country, and from selected 7 secondary sources. See complete bibliography on p. R38. 2 AA ein NE all 228 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 25.—CRUDE MARRIAGE RATES: 64 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1937-1944 (Rates are the number of marriages reported per 1,000 total population) Country 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 \ - AFRICA BYP. slain oie as sans ele 15.2 11.8 ET 11.9 15.8 15.4 #16.2 #16.1 Union of South Africa: BUTODEANS. essen ssanns oe 11.3 11.0 10.8 13.2 10.4 10.4 10.8 10.0 Non-Europeans®....... “5 5.1 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.5 #3.5 Le AMERICA Argenting ..vssssrsnsinns 27.1 #6.9 #7.2 6.9 7.3 7.5 7.9 Argentina tex: a, You 27.1 #6.9 7.2 6.8 7.2 7.5 7.8 #8.2 Bolivist.....vusec. ovens 2.8 23.5 3.6 21.9 5.0 5.7 5.7 Bromiley ; 53.8 63.4 Lk a Tr EL Brazil (21 cities”).... 86.6 5.0 ao dhe ol A Al Canada (ex. Yukon and . Northwest Terr.)...... 8.0 7.9 9.2 10.9 10.6 10.9 9.4 Yukon and N. W. Terr.t. 5.1 6.2 6.8 8.7 7.0 8.5 9.5 CHILE, oes sive coin ne sinnrs 8.3 8.1 9.6 8.4 8.3 8.4 8.2 8 Colombia. sven snes siren °4.9 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.3 5.3 Se 5 Colombia (ex. terr.)... °5.0 5.0 5.1 4.8 5.4 5.4 5.3 5 COSta RICA. savssesssre ss 6.8 6.3 6.3 57 5.9 5.6 5.4 6 Cubats..v.s Sa ele ae sie —r = 4.0 an tl — Las co Dominican Republict..... 5.2 2.5 2.8 3.1 2.9 5.3 — - Boaador. vssiveisiis sev svns ‘8.0 5.6 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.8 106.0 ELF Salvador. voss see visos 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.5 5.2 3. Guatemala. ovssecnnssve ‘ 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.6 117. rn a eR 1.0 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.4 — Hondurast®, vaya ern: 3.1 133.0 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.5 2:7 3 MexiCOuaeeanns sale sdonsiny 6.9 6.9 6.9 8.0 6.3 8.5 #6.4 #6 Nicaragua..... RE 1.4 1.6 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.7 3.7 3 Panama (ex. Indians).... en _— 3.5 = = rn — Sopot PATAZUAY sess vrnanrve 7.3 6.7 6.8 5.8 4.5 rm ore Paraguay (districts?® 1%) — 6.4 5.9 5.9 3.9 4.2 —- —_— Peru (ex. gale pop. Jes Bob 3.1 2.8 5.2 Ra7 R.9 2.9 United States?®......... 11.3 10.3 10.7 1570) ASha.7 1613.2 1811.8 1971.0 Uruguaye.s oslo Se vimeae 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.4 Te — — Venezuela (ex. Indians). 4.0 4.1 4.6 4.6 gel 4.1 4.2 ASTA Burma ...... ieee ee sie ale . — —_— — _— —_— rm —_— rs AT TR a 6.1 6.1 5.5 5.6 6.1 8.1 8.2 Chosen (Korea).eeeesses . Be? — — rm — — — ot India (British). Bn sismnive 3 — —— — — — ——e ——— SL Japan (proper)*?...... PY v9.5 7.5 187.6 {9.3 1370, 7 99.01.0298 39,09 Malaya.eeseeseeeacsnses . — —_— — —_— — —_— _— Straits Bet tionints ove —_— — — — —_— —_— — — Federated Malay States. —— —— — — —— —_— — ——— Unfederated Malay Sts.. — es — —_— — —-— — - Netherlands E. Indies: Java and Madura (Bur.). (29) (2%) {2 2 =z — — ren Outer Prov. (Europeans) (29) (20) (%0) —t == me = dl Palestine 2%. .......... 10.2 7.5 9.6 11.8 12.4 12.9 12.6 9.8 EUROPE Astrid... esse olen 6.9 13.3 17.7 11.7 2248.2 2247.6 2247.0 —— BEToium. erin hvivs vio svin . 7.6 7.5 6.5 234.3 23g.4 237.5 235.3 235 BOLEATI or 2s Visa nes sans 8.2 8.5 9.1 9.0 8.8 10.4 9.9 9 Czechoslovakia: ] Bohemia and Moravia®®.. 8.5 Tal 10.4 9.7 8.8 10.0 #7.8 = Denmark (ex. Faroe Is.). 9.1 8.9 9.4 9.2 8.7 9.2 0.3 9.4 England and Wales..... .e 8.8 8.8 10.6 11.2 9.3 #8.8 #7.0 %#7.1 Estonia’ ysuesisssssssn oe 8.5 8.4 8.6 9.7 11.0 32) (2%) (2%) Pialond.. econo eine 8.5 8.7 7.9 7.9 9.7 6 8.1 8.0 France. .s... eae iow 6.5 6.5 6.2 274.4 20 BT 275.8 2845.7 28y5.4 Germany>°®...... Nisa 9.1 9.4 na 3048.7 20%7.2 3047.4 3047.3 BREE CE 2 pss snr vvnenvices 6.5 6.5 5.5 —— — —_— _— Hungary3*..... hss v 2iaeiute 8.9 8.2 8.8 727 8.5 7.8 *7.8 3247.9 Toelonde...verssessvasse 5.7 5.6 5.9 6.6 8.4 8.6 7.9 Ireland (Bire)........s. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Sel 5.0 5.9 5.9 : Eady hs sens ovens e's 8.7 74 73 7.0 6.1 #6.3 3344.9 3345 See footnotes on pe R30. TABLE 25.—CRUDE MARRIAGE RATES: 64 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1937-1944—Continued (Rates are the number of marriages reported per 1,000 total population) NUPTIALITY 229 Country 1937 1939 1940 1943 1944 EUROPE——Continued - 1abvial®. i, navn ERE 8.1 8.5 9.2 #10.3 (2S) 28 Tdthaania?® 2%... cous. 7.4 7.9 357.4 369.7 (2) 2%) Malta and GOZO.eeeesssss 6.8 8.8 ~— 205.2 209.3 i, NetherlandS....eeeeessss 7.7 Tal 9.2 7.5 *®7.2 #5.5 Northern Ireland....... Z 6.7 8.7 7.1 309.3 2008 BR NOIWaYeseeseeessacsancan #8.3 #8.4 #8.9 #9. #8.9 — es Poland. .c ud cigs esis nites 8.0 8.0 = es 3744.9 3742.5 li Portugal (inc. Islands). 6.3 8.5 6.4 6.0 7.0 7.3 S74 ROMANE Bal saa Divan naman vie 9.5 8.8 7.9 383.9 387.6 2%5.9 we Soot1and. . aves ve vies eles . Toll 7.8 9.2 10.6 9.3 7.4 702 Spain (inc. Islands).... 5.7 4.4 5.6 8.3 7.3 #6.5 #7.0 Sweden. .... a: rvavaesss 8.9 9.2 9.7 9.3 9.1 9.7 %9.7 Switzerland. cess vevoven 7.3 7.4 7.5 TT 8.5 8.3 8.0 Yugoslavias.e.vssaesanas 7.8 #7.9 #7.9 —_— a ert EUROPE-ASTA Russia (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics).. — — Eo rie OCEANIA Muztralis®®.,..... a wae 8.7 v1 9.2 11.1 %#9.4 #9.3 New Zealand (ex.Maoris). 9.5 1 11.1 391.3 185.5 188.4 New Zealand (Maoris).... 7.2 2 7.8 7.0 4.6 de See footnotes on pe R30. TRE Fe i Hoy INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS Be ’ : Footnotes for table 25 ‘ A, sProvisional. 5d lRates are not to be considered a measure of the true level of the marriage rate, because of the Le irregularity and incompleteness of registration. Excludes data for Province of Santa Fe. 3pxcludes data for department of Pando. Rate for civil marriages only. jo SExcludes data for States of Golaz, Rio Grande do Norte, and Territory of Acre. | SExcludes data for State of Golaz. “Rio de Janeiro (D.F.) and State capitals. 8For 20 cities, excluding Goifinia. ~~ °Computed on 1938 enumerated population. FE 19%gxcludes data for Oriente and Archipiélago de Coldn. ~ 2Computed on 1943 population. 12por 1937, data are for year ending July 31; for 1938-1944, year ending June 30. ~ 13Based on marriages for 11 months only, but computed on an annual basis. V 14Tncludes 25 biodemographic districts in which there are established hospitals, health centers, dis- pensaries, or health units which are under the supervision of public health authorities. 15Estimated data. 18Computed on population which excludes armed forces overseas. ~ 17For 1939-1944, data for Japanese only. ~ 18probably somewhat low because it was computed from Japanese marriages on total population which } apparently includes Koreans, Formosans, and foreigners. ~~ 1°pxcludes data for Karafuto which became part of Japan proper, Apr. 1, 1943. 2%Not able to compute rate because population base is lacking, for nuber of marriages, see s table R24, p. 26. | Plpata for "settled" population, excluding nomadic Beduins and armed forces. | 2PIncludes data for a few Sudeten districts. 2 23Excludes data for 41 communes of Eupen, Malnédy, and Moresnet, not under Belgian administration. | P47erritory of 1939, defined by Treaty of Neuilly, signed, Nov. 27, 1919. ’ 2%Bohemia and Moravia represent approximately 50 percent of the population of the original Czecho- slovak Republic which included, in addition, Sudetenland, Czecho-Silesia, Slovakia, and Sub- carpathian Ruthenia (Suboarpathia). German nationals are excluded beginning with 1938. 2SEstonia, Latvia, and Lithuania became Soviet Socialist Republics on Aug. 3, 1940. 27For 87 departments only, excluding 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. 28For 86 departments only, excluding Corsica and 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. 2°Data for Altreich, i. e., territory of 1937, including the Saar. Marriage rates for the Gross— reich, including, Austria, Sudetenland, Memel, and Danzig, are as follows: to $n, 1939..... 11.9 1942..... 7.4 | 1940... 59.0 1943... ..#7.2 1921. ue. TR at 39Computed on civilian population. 317erritory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 32Based on marriages for 6 months only, but computed on an annual basis. ~~ 33pycludes Venezia Giulia and Zara. ¥ 34ynless otherwise specified, data are for territory of 1938, i. e., including Klaipeda (Memel) and excluding Vilnius. '35gycludes data for Klaipeda (Memel) and Vilnius; Klaipeda was annexed by Germany, Mar. 21, 1939. 3%Excludes data for Klaipeda (Memel) but includes Vilnius, returned to Lithuania, Aug. 1939. 37For "Wartheland" comprising mainly the 3 Provinces of Lodz, Kalisz, and Posnan in western Poland. 38kxcludes data for Bessarabia and the northern half of Bukovina ceded to U.S.S.R., Aug. 2, 1940; and two-thirds of Transylvania ceded to Hungary, Aug. 30, 1940; and one-third of Dobrudja ceded to “Bulgaria, Sept. 7, 1940. 3°Tncludes data for Bessarabia and northern Bukovina replaced under Rumanian administration in July 1941, but excludes Transylvania and Dobrudja (see note 38 above). 4OExcludes aboriginals. Source: Based on marriages given in table 24 and computed on population primarily from table 3. TABLE 26.—NUMBER OF DIVORCES REPORTED: 64 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1937-1944 (Unless otherwise specified, figures refer to wdivorce’ proper," excluding annulments and legal separations) DIVORCE See footnotes on 'p. R3R. \ \ Country 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 AFRICA i EZyPlecssscssrssssssnane 56,125 55,317 53,436 54,227 60,446 71,109 #86,443 © Union of South Africa: BuropeansSssesssecsssees 1,687 1,793 1,980 1,765 1,918 2,4R3 3,202 Non-Europeans®......es. 130 146 102 161 mee re a AMERICA Argenting..v. eve aesssens —— —_— —_— — —— da vision Argentina (ex. terr.).. _— —_— — — = — —r BoliviAseeseeesacconnans —— —_— — — —— —_— —— Braziliseseceescccccenes A Ub —-— — —— —_— —_— — Brazil (R1 cities)..... —_— — _— — ne Fo = Canada (ex. Yukon and Northwest Terr.)..e... 1,832 2,226 2,068 2,369 2,461 3,089 3,263 Yukon and N. W. Terr... ——— —_— — — —_— — Fl Chile visave ries sivas 940 1,161 1,199 1,339 1,222 1,336 1,406 Colombia@seesesescssaccns —_— —_— — te nent es pt Colombia: (ex. terr.)... —_— — he pe =k el ht COSta RiCBuescrssesnsense 60 —— — R 73 101 117 CUbDAsssessesnnsenesns see — —_— — — —— a i Dominican Republict..... 305 356 363 318 326 457 —_— Ecuador sessssssvavanes —— 834 955 851 290 415 545 El Salvador...eeeeseeess -— — — 130 125 164 202 Guatemala.esee... se vaiey 171 218 207 189 185 218 [4 Haitieeesonaroeesenianae — —_— — Sod a he a Honduras..eeeeses ve nsivinine — — —_— _— — — ei MeXiCOus ss anss aise 4,472 4,178 4,539 4,291 5,065 6,283 #6,198 Nicaragua..ssessssevsesin R4 34 36 41 46 38 47 Panama....... cesssnssane — ——— — nn — — — Paraguay..cceecececences — ——— — — — —— —— Paraguay (districts)... — — = emt a rl 2 Peru...... esresesssesnns —_— —_— — ld wire Tk im United States®..... cepa 249,000 244,000 R51,000 264,000 293,000 321,000 359,000 Uruguay esessssassssssnsne 576 597 671 500 822 803 _— Venezuela (ex. Indians). 244 | 350 219 325 312 471 364 ASTA BUItiA elec ecsnoeeesssiosestene an — EI a ane i MH, — CeyloNecescesesacennnnne 1,278 1,415 1,227 — _— — Hemi a. Chosen (KOTrea).eeseseess 5,162 — oa —— —— hl 4 Ho India (British)....cces. —_— -— en a — ey ei — Japan (proper)%......... 46,500 44,656 45,970 48,556 49,424 46,268 549,705 — Molaya.eeeeeeeeoanenenns ——— —— —_— — —-— a, Lo ee, Straits Settlements.... —-— —_— —_— —— — RIL Saas 0) Federated Malay States. — —_— — adc fa J, i hi Unfederated Malay Stsa. — —_— —— me PR tre tam BE Netherlands E. Indies: Java and Madura (Bur.). 363 381 408 a h For RY ar SL Outer Prov. (Europeans). 30 42 47 Fuki he Sed ni Palestine®. .ivssecevsnes 3,891 2,973 2,944 3,061 2,951 3,063 3,320 EUROPE BUSETIa Jie vines ivis visions — 5,113 8,86 #6,574 sm Bix. co Belaium.,. hbeoiesyurven 3,208 3,501 3,423 71,803 72,625 72,971 73,430, Bulgaria®..... Se Seve 1,628 1,707 1,715 °1,986 oz i ams . Czechoslovakia: Bohemia and lMoravial?.. 3,730 3,100 3,223 3,152 2,932 1,977 ky Denmark (ex. Faroe Is.). 3,344 3,394 3,647 3,472 3,761 4,450 4,913 England and WaleS....... 4,735 6,092 7,793 7,602 96,249 97,645 °9,999 BSLonia.eeeerseiesiiodesen —_— — — es fea nde — —-— Finland... ses: senhaoe 1,627 1,784 1,433 1,325 1,580 1,954 | 3,166 #3,285 Prandtl i ty. er ee 23,926 24,318 21,833 $271,070 1214,519 1214,275:] 13y417,331 |. 3317, 257 Germany. serene co asnens 46,786 49,497 61,789 52,531 i ph: iy — [67 of T-ToT- FP 1,702 — ee — — nem —— sized HUnnary EO. vasa vans es 5,706 5,703 Noy Sid Ne w= on a Icelandeseecsssanensnsas 44 —_— — ——— a ta od ny Ireland (Eire).cccceeees — —— it Stee en Ja eine Jn Italy.eeeans easrreereaee —— ns —_— —— — Sear ey ly I E> B ¢ r B Ee ETN 7 3 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 26.—NUMBER OF DIVORCES REPORTED: 64 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1937-1944—Continued Eke (Unless otherwise specified, figures refer to *divorce proper," excluding annulments and legal separations) Country 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 EUROPE—~Continued Lobia 280. ii. had 1,279 1,601 1,927 (28) (*°) 2%) (18) (3%) Lithuania..b seseeaessavs — —— a —— = win il ie Malta 2nd ‘GOZO. «ce aeves —_— —_— — = ae Sa ria A NetherlondS..v..ceesced 3,420 3,262 3,256 2,947 3,308 3,795 nae — Northern Ireland........ — —_— mn SEE Sn ri Cn kes NOTWEAY + eves sninnvvscsnsoy 1,044 1,237 1,143 975 1,109 1,200 1,299 1,540 Poland.esesreecencacnnss —— a — Rl — —— —_— ——— Portugal (inc. Islands). 714 A 897 788 649 686 7 958 | 970 RENT Essie ssisismsnonss 12,407 13,256 10,728 da 177,816 178,657 Ce LR Scotland...covevesnreass 642 783 877 732 758 1,014 1,305 1,727 Spain. (inc. Islands).... —_— — _— oe — == == Sk Sweden. sees sesrseverrns 3,123 3,482 3,565 3,487 3,533 4,211 4,744 %5,339 SwitzerlanQ....eeonesees 3,379 3,390 2,996 3,093 3,066 3,190 3,211 3,138 Yugoslavia... seeesencaes 5,858 #5,664 #6, 306 re — — —_— us EUROPE-ASIA Russia (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics).. FE _— LR po pene ani Sr ie OCEANIA Australia? 29... 0... ., 2,759 3,074 3,135 3,126 3,246 Sad nd nl New Zealand® (ex.Maoris) 917 1,050 1,032 1,059 956 962 1,100 — New Zealand (Maoris).... — — ——= — — —— So fa #Provisional. Registration is admittedly irregular and incomplete. 2petitions filed in civil courts. ‘ solved in Chile. 1937¢0ese 1938..... Includes annulments which constitute the major Annulments filed are as follows: 698 9R5 1939..:.5 1,024 1940..... 1,161 1921... 1,005 1942... 1,099 1945... Js 1,162 1944... 1,400 proportion of the marriages dis- 3Data estimated by the U. S. Bureau of Census on incomplete State reports which include annulments where available. “For 1939-1944, data are for Japanese only. BExcludes data for Karafuto which became part of Japan proper, Apr. 1, 1943. ®Data for "settled" population, excluding nomadic Beduins (numbering 66,553 at 1931 census) and armed forces. 7Excludes data for 41 communes of Eupen, Malmédy, and Moresnet, not under Belgian administration. of these communes estimated at 88,090 in 1939. ®Data for Greek Orthodox population in territory defined by Treaty of Neuilly, signed, Nov. 27, 1919. 9Includes annulments. Pepulation 10Bohemia and Moravia represent approximately 50 percent of the population of the original Czechoslovak Republic which included, in addition, Sudetenland, Czecho-Silesia, Slovakia, and Subcarpathian Ruthenia (Subcarpathia). German nationals are excluded beginning with 1938. 11pata are for divorces on the civil register. courts. This number is usually less than the actual number granted by the 1939, 72,271; 1940, 59,105. For 1937 and 1938, corresponding divorces granted numbered 25,925 and 27,056, respectively. 22por 87 departments only, excluding 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. 13por 86 departments only, excluding Corsica and 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. 4pata are for hltreich, i. e., territory of 1937, including the Saar. Austria, Sudetenland, Memel, and Danzig, are as follows: 1Brerritory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. ‘161atvia became a Soviet Socialist Republic on Aug. 3, 1940. Divorces in Grossreich, including 17Tncludes data for Bessarabia and northern Bukovina, replaced under Rumanian administration in July 1941, but excludes Transylvania and Dobrudja. 18Excludes aboriginals. Source: See complete bibliography on p. R38. Compiled from official yearbooks and vital statistics reports for each country, and from selected secondary sources. (Rates are the number of divorces reported per 1,000 total population. DIVORCE annulments and separations) TABLE 27.~CRUDE DIVORCE RATES: 64 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1937-1944 Unless otherwise specified, rates refer to "divorce proper," excluding R33 Country See footnotes on pe R34. 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 AFRICA BEyph.. fees rss srinnasves 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.5 4.1 #5.0 Lo Union of South Africa: BUropeansS.ccssesscasans 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 Tel 1.4 1.5 Non-Europea NEE hs ees 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 _— —— — —— AMERICA Argentina... esessvevoen — r—— tte rte PE oh ar oi Argentina (ex. torre Yoo — —— Ho ee Si at ir Bolivia..seessseessssnase ——- —_— — Fal est ee AR Ara Brazil sessisssvevences swe 5 —_— —— EY rn EX a wire Cr Brazil (Rl cities)..... Zo — ome Ln i ol SEN is Canada (ex. Yukon and Northwest Terr.)...... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 Yukon and N. W. Terr... ee — — — es samen eal Le Chile... ov. connicnnsns 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 Colombiase.eeseeecacnes . — — —_— _— mine — LEY oe Colombia (ex. terr.).. == nl ee of Le Hp ok a Costa Ricaeeescens seteee 0.1 —_— -—— nt .1 0.1 0.2 0.2 CuDR sven scsnsssssisssves — = — al ed AGE ee rn Dominican Republic™..... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 — fi Ecuador...cesseveeccnnss —— 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 —_— Bl Salvador.....sssssnse — —_— —— 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Guatemala...eeeenvecnnes 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 —_— Halbl.eosseessnrssnesees —_— — nee ee i a soli Noid HondurasS..eeeeeesscecens — —_— te TR min — ih ora MeXiCO.evssensnssssnssnae 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 #0.3 #0.3 Nicaragua..esseesesasee . 0.0 | 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 Panama. «ec ce'cecssmoinnse ss — hr = fn La sis ab es Paraguay.cecececcccscces — — a os ss ee OE EE Paraguay (districts)... Er ar ee — A ae bon iT PErUsesseecessscscscnces —— — —_— zz —-— sn — a United States®.......... 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.9 Uruguay. s«.. vesssresvess 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.R 0.4 0.4 — Sh Venezuela tex. Indians). 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 o.1 0.1 0.1 ASIA Burma olele sis's sv vasieinn ss ——— —_— er ci haze it ET Co CeyloNesesennsssssancnnns 0.2 0.2 0.2 —_— —_— — —— acd Chosen (KOrea)....sessss 0.2 — — — cr de ——ir te India (British)......... —_— —— — tn es Ay — HE Japan (proper)?......... 0.7 0.6 20.6 0.7 20.7 5%0.6 5 ©x0.7 E10 Malay@eeseossccsccacnnns — —-— —_— — ne rn ne ad Straits Settlements.... —_— —— — — ae rm smd = Federated Malay States. — — —— aren eer he — a Unfederated Malay Sts.. — —_— ——— eine id ei Al el Netherlands E. Indies: Java and Madura (Bur.). (7) (7) (7) lie a a ots ny Outer Prov. (Buropeans) (7) (7) (?) ee Rls mining A a] Palestine... cone vinees 3.0 2.2 2.1 2.x 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.9 EUROPE Austria... .ccoehvenniacsee —— 0.8 1.2 #1.0 —_— —_— — ———t Belgium raise eve nrvi ves 0.4 0.4 0.4 °0.2 °0.3 °0.4 °0.4 20.4 BulgardalS 22... ..... 0.3 0.5 0.3 20.3 Ee —— ol? ToL Czechoslovakia: Rohemia and MoravialZ.. 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 —— —_— Denmark (ex. Faroe Is.). 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 I. 1.2 1.3 ‘England and WaleS....... 9.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 230.2 230.2 250.3 Estonia. .vsseessnecccens —_— _— —-— — == re a — Finland.ecoeeeocccccanee 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 #0.38 France. cueiesevoiivssns 0.6 0.6 0.5 240.3 140.4 140.4 15%0.5 1540.5 rT EEL 0.7 0 #0.9 1740.7 re So rans = Gre Ceessccsccacaccenens 0.2 —_— —_— ee ee 1 gn EO Hungar; A Ee 0.6 0.6 —_— ~= — — as Sai Iceland. oevesoercancnes 0.4 —— — at chin] at a he Ireland (Eire). ees en alone Fi — — —— i] gn Sid FI TtalY.eessesaencccccncnns —_— — — ho le EL 1 i or INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE 27.—CRUDE DIVORCE RATES: 64 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1937-1944—Continued (Rates are the number of divorces reported per 1,000 total population. Unless otherwise specified, rates refer to "divorce proper," excluding annulments and legal separations) Country 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944. EUROPE~—Continued Nts Labvia® 29... Lda 00g 0.8 1.0 (3%) *®) (2°) (1°) (2°) Tithnania essen corns orm === rie an SES a at ie 2 Malta and GOZO.evvevennn — —-—— ——— wr s— int FAR al NetherlandS.esveeseseees 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 C#0.4 — — Northern Ireland.eseeees. — — ie 2s ids wit TG ls - od NOIWEY vi v0 winaisn bo vn at shoin #0.4 #0.4 #0.4 #0.3 %0.4 #0.4 #0.4 0.5 Poland. se evereenvsesenes — rr les eer —— Lo, sid ee Portugal (inc. Islands). 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 RAMEN Beles vain sisuvonress 0.6 0.7 0.5 — 200.5 2040.5 — pt Scotland esis cove nesiont 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0. Spain (inc. Islands).... = end ar St pri — PE, Ji SWeden...ceseeneencnnens 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 #0.8 Switzerland...eesavesnes 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Yugoslaviaieceoeasoneans 0.4 #0.4 3#0.4 — —t tr — ds EUROPE-ASIA Russia (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics).. — _— — — ee SE SE ees OCEANIA dustralia® 2: ........., 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 — — Raitt New Zealand® (ex. Maoris) 0.6 0.7 0.7 229.7 220.6 220.6 220.71. Shh New Zealand (Maoris).... Ei a EE ends is ry S53 i v #Provisional. 1Rates are not to be considered a measure of the true level of the divorce rate because of the irregularity and incom- pleteness of registration. . 2Includes annulments. For Chile, see also footnote 2, table 26. 3Rates based on estimated data including annulments. “For 1939-1944, data for Japanese only. SProbably somewhat low because it was computed from Japanese divorces ona population which apparently includes Koreans, Formosans, and foreigners. \ ®Excludes data for Karafuto which became part of Japan proper, Apr. 1, 1943. "Not able to compute rate because population base is lacking; for absolute number of divorces see table 26, p. R31. ®Data are for "settled" population, excluding nomadic Beduins and armed forces. SExcludes data for 41 communes of Eupen, Malmédy, and Moresnet, not under Belgian administration. 107erritory of 1939, defined by Treaty of Neuilly, signed, Nov. 27, 1919. 115omewhat low because it was based on divorces among Greek Orthodox population, but computed on total population. 12Bohemia and Moravia represent approximately 50 percent of the population of the original Czechosluvak Republic which included, in addition, Sudetenland,Czecho-Silesia, Slovakia, and Subcarpathian Ruthenia (Subcarpathia). German nationals are excluded beginning with 1938. 13Rates for divorces registered; usually less than that for divorces granted. l4por 87 departments only, excluding 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. 15For 86 departments only, excluding Corsica and 3 departments which comprise Alsace-Lorraine. i 1Data are for Altreich, i. e., territory of 1937 including thé Saar. Divorce rates for the Grossreich, including Austria, Sudetenland, Memel, and Danzig, are as follows: 1939, 0.9; 1940, 0.7. 17Computed on civilian population. 18erritory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 197atvia became a Soviet Socialist Republic on Aug. 3, 1940. ( 20Tncludes data for Bessarabia and northern Bukovina, replaced under Rumanian administration in July 1941, but excludes Transylvania and Dobrudja. 21lExcludes aboriginals. 22Computed on population which excludes armed forces overseas. Source: Based on divorces given in table 26 and computed on population primarily from table 3. EN yo : : DIVORCE TABLE 28.——AVERAGE ANNUAL DIVORCE RATES: 32 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, RECENT PERIOD (Rates are the average annual number of divorces per 10,000 married couples. Average 1s computed around latest census year. Number of married couples 1s approximated by number of married males or females enumerated, whichever is larger) g . Married couples ; i (15 years and over) Divorces : bh Country : "a Date of ’ Average | Average census Number Period | annual | anmal : nunber rate i Australia (ex. aboriginals)....... CaaS in : 1933 1,204,084 | 1932-34 | 1,970| 15.2 | AUSEri8..eeennnn.. ra eka dae Sea 1939 1,417,567 | 1938-40 | 6,638 | 46.8 3 1934 1,314,198 | 1933-35 25,906 244.9 Belgium... .oueemsies ah ee Rete davis ie wei oe 1930 1,899,253 | 1929-31 2,385 12.6. x BULaarinBe. ee. cnn vit si nsinen ARI en a as 1934 1,588,362 | 1933-35] * %1,427] 2 %10.3 Canada (ex. Yukon and Northwest Territories)... . 1941 2,360,128 1940-42 ?,640 11.2 be) : 1931 2,029,919 | 1930-32 854 4.2 14 : 2 Chosen (Korea)... «roeedonsains SBS a iene aes rah 1930 4,810,886 | 1929-31 8,451 17.6508 Czechoslovakid........ Sol BETO RIE 1930 53,119,212 | 1929-31 5,674 183.2 Denmark (ex. Faroe Islands)...... Seine wie cain 1940 840,965 | 1939-41 3,627 43.1 1935 768,453 | 1934-36 13,078 240.0 1930 695,431 | 1929-31 12,346 235.7 a ! BeyptS. Le in ais x SI le a ements 1937 73,171,095 | 1936-38 | 55,084 173.7. id Brgland and VALE. 4u. sss imal vi var nnsss SER Re 1931 8,603,598 | 1930-32 5,851 4.5 4 ’ y XR £43 ESLOnin. susirsniis sneminens Seite Ss AN a aR D3 1934 5218,949 | 1933-35 892 40.7: UH FARIATR led o oaipsin wi vininis in ai ale wield o bins in win Rimiele alas 1940 8674,220 | 1939-41 1,446 21,400 1930 8580,521 | 1929-31 1,055 18.2) 34 FLANGE: ev ir sss nine a inie or A eae Re ali ay 1936 ‘59,529,208 | 1935-37 222,855 25.5 i 1931 59,556,395 | 1930-32 | 21,102 22,1; AE COTIIANT losis + visa'nis Solas airs WIELa ew Aw Wa wba = bre iota nlyly 101939 816,212,015 | 1938-40 54,606 111935 814,316,709 | 1932-34 46,363 BrEEEE. vi siriavivinsities vin nies rsa es Bald fied aia ars 1928 51,138,874 | 1927-29 1,113 GUAEETALA . 5 sins sia dhoalninn sown ulus sia duluinisie od kira 1940 179,476 | 1939-41 #194 Hungary*Z......::.. ed a ees a elae vie niet ree 1930 1,879,210 | 1929-31 | 35,005 JBDAn" (DFOPET Ys ovr sss innisie nn sis ese Pen AE Sa, 141940 13,503,817 | 1939-41 | 47,983 1935 13,173,491 | 1934-36 | 47,768 1930 12,515,300 | 1929-31| 51,030 Latvia, seaiiiaaii) iets ate Sita ees & 1935 390,905 | 1934-36 11,630 1930 367,334 | 1929-31 | 11,405 RL Iam SS PUB , 1940 |*° 13,583,795 | 1939-41 4,632 1930 |*® 172,947,982 | 1929-31 1,547 Netherlands... sere ernrs a eR eh REE 1930 1,520,715 | 1929-31 2,866 fs New Zealand (ex. Maoris). anreiein olen ele eie visi ei . 1936 $308,945 | 1935-37 1806 1926 5257,943 | 1925-27 1589 See footnotes on p. R36. ? ; 746604 O - 47 - 16 a ! INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS \ 7 TABLE 28.—AVERAGE ANNUAL DIVORCE RATES: 32 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, RENENT PERIOD—Continued a are the average annual number of divorces per 10,000 married couples. Average is computed around latest census year. Number of married couples 1s approximated by number of married males or females enumerated, whichever is larger) ee et Married couples : . (15 years and over) Divorces Country 2 verage | Average Deterct Number Period annual annual census - number rate J NOTIWAT are sisal» o/s 000s a'al0 si now soins yninnossdennssion 1930 8475,971| 1929-31 828 17.4 Portugal (inc. Azores and Madeira Islands)....... 1940 1,362, 873 | 1939-41 708 5.2 i 1930 51, R0R,556 | 1929-31 gil 746 ROTATE Goa einisieniavas ns so sinnnsimenns sul seuss one 1930 183 624,757| 1920-31 7,141 18.7 Russia (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics): EE ra INIan 13. 8eFs seve revs rsrorrasnsansanssenss 1926 5,597,254 | 1925-R8 —_— 98.2 : Scotland esses esicesissoisnsncensionsersnnsssrns snes 1931 888,464 | 1930-32 509 5.7 SWEAT Io suse vn ssssnvsnrvsssvassssrsmensnasnecsven 1940 1,33R,679 1939-41 JSr3t8 26.5 ; 1935 1,198,039 | 1934-36 12,758 192.1 1930 1,110,405 | 1929-31 12.250 120.3 SMAEZOTABIG su sass vasisssonsserasnressnnnsers sre] | 1941 874,845 1940-42 5,116] 35.6 1930] 766,387 | 199-31 2,771 36.2 R Union of South Africa (Buropeans)........e...... 1936 398,846 | 1935-37 1,556 39.0 i 19R6 307,18 | 1985-27 842 R7.4 United States. seven srsrvss Chenin & SE rie me A ae 1940 30,191,087 | 1939-41| 269,333 189.2 1930 26,310,921 | 1920-81| 196,615 274.7 NE OBIEV IR. ns os scien sbiorsnibninininnsrhns sins 1931 2,916,594 | 1930-32| 135,817 1379.9 #Provisional. 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El movimiento del estado civil y la mortalidad de la Repdblica Oriental del Uruguay enel afio 1939. Mon- Ey " tevideo, Imprenta Nacional, 1940. _. El movimiento del estado civil ylamortalidad de la Replblica Oriental del Uruguay en el afio 1940. Mon— tevideo, Imprenta Nacional, 1941. BR . El movimiento del estado civil y la mortalidad de la Repiblica Oriental del Uruguay en el afio 1941. Mon tevideo, Imprenta Nacional. Ei =D . El movimiento del estado civil y la mortalidad de la‘Repiblica Oriental del Uruguay en el afio 1942. Mon— tevideo, Imprenta Nacional. Ministerio de Salud Pdblica. Oficina de Sstadistica. Noticioso estadistico de salud pdblica, afic I, No. 4. VENEZUELA: . Ministerio de Fomento. Direccién General de Estadfstica. Anuario estadfstico de Venezuela, 1938. Caracas, Lit. y ~ Tip. Casa de Especialidades, 1939. . . Anuario estadfstico de Venezuela, 1940. Caracas, Tipografia Venezuela, 1941. . . Anuario estadfstico de Venezuela, 1942. Caracas, Editorial Grafolit, C. A., 1943. : . . Anuario estadfstico de Venezuela, 1943. Caracas, Editorial Grafolit, 1944. \ . . Anuario estadfstico de Venezuela, 1944. (Caracas, Editorial Grafolit, 1945. . . Boletin mensual de estadfstica, aflo I, No. 3=12, Marzo-Diciembre, 1941. i . . Boletin mensual de estadfstica, afio III, Nos. 1, 2, 3, Enero-lMarzo de 1943. . Memoria del Ministerio de Fomento presentada al Congreso Nacional de los Estados Unidos de Venezuela, * 1936. Tomo segundo. Caracas, Tipografia de la Nacidh, 1936. L A Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia Social. Memoria que el Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia Social presentaal Con— greso Nacional en sus sesiones de 1937. Caracas, Tip. Americana, 1937. oS rg . Memoria que el Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia Social presenta al Congreso Nacional en sus sesiones he de 1938. Caracas, Lit. y Tip. Casa de Especialidades, 1938. BRA . Direccion de Salubridad Pdiblica. Divisién de Epidemiologfa y Estadistica Vital. Relacién anual de la x seccidn de estadistica vital, afio 1938. Caracas, Lit. y Tip. del Comercio, 1939. ETT; RR Toy ¥ ¥ 5 His i % Bes gb 5 Pn dik ey NE yr EN aby : : § > . } i ¥ : : BIBLIOGRAPHY 265 ’ VENEZUELA— Continued : : a Tip. del Comercio, 1940. 1. . . Anuario de epidemiologfa y estadfstica vital, afio 1940. Caracas, Lit. y Tip. del Comercio, 1941. . ‘ . Anuario de epidemiologfa y estad{stica vital, afio 1941. Caracas, Lit. y Tip. del Comercio, 1942. ~ . . . Anuario de epidemiologfa y estad{stica vital, afio 1942. Caracas, Lit. y Tip. del Comercio, 1943. . . . . Anuario de epidemiologfa y estadistica vital, afio 1943. Caracas, Lit. y Tip. del Comercio, 1944. . . Anuario de epiderniologia y estadfstica vital, afio 1944. Caracas, Lit. y Tip. del Comercio, 1945. U. S. Dept. of Commerce. Bureau of the Census in Cooperation with the Office of the Coordinator Inter-American Af- ; fairs. Venezuela. Summary of biostatistics. Washington, D. C., Aug. 1944. YUGOSLAVIA: o Statistique Générale d'Etat. Annuaire statistique, 1940. Livre X. Beograd, Imprimerie Nationale, 1941. INTERNAT IONAL: American Medical Association. International committee for the study of European demographic consequences of the war. Journal of American Medical Association, vol. 131, No. 4, May 25, 1946. Institut International de Statistique. Revue de 1'Institut International’de Statistique; 11° année, Livraisons 3/4. La Haye, 1943. . Revue de l'Institut International de Statistique, 12€ année. Livraisons 1/4. La Haye, 1944. International Labour Office. The displacement of population in Europe, by Eugene M. Kulischer. Studies and reports, series 0 (Migration), No. 8. Montreal, 1943. League of Nutions. Bulletin of the Health Organisation, volume X, No. 4, 1943/44. Geneva, 1944, . Monthly bulletin of statistics, vol. XXV, No. 10(a). Oci. 1944. Princeton, New Jersey. « Monthly bulletin of statistics, vol. XXVII, No. 6. June 1946. Princeton, New Jersey. . Health Organisation. Annual epidemiological report. Corrected statistics of notifiable diseases for the year 1937. Geneva, 1941. . . Annual epidemiological report. Corrected statistics of notifiable diseases for the year 1938. Geneva, 1941. . . Statistical handbook series: Nos. 1-14. The official vital statistics of... Geneva. » . Health Section of the Secretariat. Epidemiological report, 18th year, No. 11, 1939. Statistical sup~ plement to the Weekly epidemiological record. Geneva. . . Epidemiological report, 19th year, No. 341940 and No. 4,1940. Statistical supplement to the Weekly epidemiological record. Geneva. . . Weekly epidemiological record, 20th year, Nos. 14-51, April 5-December R0, 1945. . . Weekly epidemiological record, Rlst year, No. 35, August R9, 1946. . Economic Intelligence Service. Statistical year-book of the League of Nations, 1937/38. Geneva, 1938. . . Statistical year=book of the League of Nations, 1938/39. Geneva, 1939. o | . Statistical year-book of the League of Nations, 1939/40. Geneva, 1940. . . Statistical year-book of the League of Nations, 1940/41. Geneva, 1941. . . Statistical year—book of the League of Nations, 1941/42. Geneva, 1943, . Relacioh anual de la seccidn de estadistica vital, afio 1939. Caracas, Lit. y 266 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS INTERNATIONAL—Continued . . ‘Statistical year-book of the League of Nations, 1942/44. Geneva, 1945. . Economic, Financial, and Transit Department. Typewritten table entitled League of Nations Vital Statis=— tics, received January 25, 1945 from Princeton, New Jersey. - . The population of the Soviet Union: History and prospects, by Frank Lorimer, Geneva, 1946. Office Permanent de l'Institut International de Statistique: Apergu de demographie des divers pays du monde, 1929- 1936. La Haye, 1939. . Apergu de la démographie des divers pays du monde, 1931. La Haye, 1932. Office International d'Hygidne Publique. Bulletin mensuel, tome XXXVII, Nos. 5-6-7-8, Mai-Aofit, 1945. Office of Population Research. School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton. Demographic studies of selected areas of rapid growth. Proceedings of the Round Table on population problems. Twenty~second annual couference of the Milbank Memorial Fund, April 12-13, 1944. Pan American Sanitary Bureau. Biostatistical and epidemiological report on the Americas, Pub. No. 195, Washington, D. C., 1943. . Biostatistical Section. Epidemiological statistics ‘for the American Republics, year 1944. Washington, D. C., Oct. 1945. - . Bulletin of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau, vol. 21, No. 6, June 1942. . Monthly report—biostatistics-epidemiology, vol. II, No. 4, April 1945. ___. Pan American Committee on Epidemiological and Vital Statistics. Epidemiological statistics for the Amere ical Republics (1943). Washington, D. C., 1944. School of Public Affairs, Princeton University, and the Population Association of America, Inc. Population index, vol. 11, No. 3, July 1945. . Fopulation index, vol. 12, No. 2, April 1946. The Statesman's year book. Statistical and historical annual of the States of the world for the year 1944. New York, The Macmillan Co., 1944. The Statesman's year book. Statistical and historical annual of the States of the world for the year 1945. New York, The Macmillan Co., 1945. United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Health Division. Epidemiological information bulletin, vol. 1, No. 3, 15 February, 1945 and vol. II, 31 January, 1946. United Nations. World Health Organization. Interim Commission. Weekly epidemiological record, Rlst year, No. 46, November 141, 1946. (Published previously by League of Nations.) United States Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. International vital statistics summary. Vital statis- tics—special reports, vol. 9, No. 36. Washington, D. C., May 2, 1940. United States. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. Statistical bulletin, Vol. 27, No. 1. January 1946. \ / is 268 " pu re | a 1 ; ¥ INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS TABLE I.—POPULATION: 45 (Type of population, 1, e., de Country Date 1912 1913 1914 1915 : AFRICA ABEYDEs cle veici ve ie slansion ss snabine sone sna nesli JULY 1 12,035,000 12,186,000 | 12,338,000 | 12,492,000 Union of South Africa (Europeans)....... Midyear 1,305,217 1,330,053 1,354,889 1,379,725 Union of South Africa (non-Europeans)... Midyear 4,797,712 4,883,906 4,970,099 5,056,294 AMERICA . h * Canada (ex. Yukon and Northwest Terr.)..| June 1 7,373,000 7,617,000 7,863,000 7,965,000 Yukon and Northwest Territories....... June 1 i6,000 15,000 16,000 16,000 United States. ce snsrnsserisnsavssensneessy Midyesr| = 95,351,300 97,226,814 99,117,567 | 100,549,013 ASIA Ce BE re MS PE TO ENS ER (en (2) {2 2 (®) CEYYON, s.eiais visssin vasinsis noaisinnnisievaisenned Midyear 4,151,251 4,220,436 4,251,032 4,355,015 Chosen (Korea). ..se«svsersasssoessrsnevay Dog. BL] 14,827,101 15,458,863 15,929,962 16,278,389 India,® British (inc. Burma)............| June 30| 238,661,346 | 238,323,365 | 238,522,770 | 238,527,877 JBDAN2 A PrOPEr esses essvessrnssssnvase DOC. BL 52,52R,753 53,362,682 54,142,441 54,935,755 Malaya .eenvonnes elsleioie sn a o's o's a's eisiwins turnin siole o]L i m= —_— _— —_— —_— Straits Settlemermts®.........uvsve.... Mean 728,635 743,010 759,105 776,444 Federated Malay StateSeceeeeeeecceceess ——— —— nn Rl ns Unfederated Malay Statese..eieeeceeees —- —— ne —_— —— Netherlands East Indies,....v..ceveesese] = — — — — Java. and Madura.....ceseee caves ne ne) —— —— —_— ee re Palestine sees oeseees FECT SES PRL RAE Ln, GRP —-_— —_— —_— —_— EUROPE MUSEYIS. «oui tivianis sda ss va a oe ning DBC BL 6,464,216 6,489,906 6,483,318 6,414,100 BOL alle shies innsinnninisssnrsinnehvssmesnevs DoCS BL 7,571,387 7,638,757 7,684,492 7,709,197 BUEaT ase scones vas sisinnnnsie ne vnesavessss Midyear 4,432,400 4,194,100 4,233,800 . 4,273,900 Zeno OValIa Tuc sss ce vine sinninnnasinaine ssn) =o 9 vw) ° 9° Denmark (ex. Faroe Islands).............| July 1 2,802,000 2,833,000 2,866,000 2,901,000 Birrell casas sees sani Ae ina geen af Midyeny 3,120,000 3,103,000 3,092,000 3,068,000 England and Wales. ....sv.ssssesssssqsne. Midyear 36,327,000 | 36,574,000 36,967,000 37,291,000 EEO EAE yt hunts cs vs vidio a as ha suis (21) (21) (1) (11) Finland... cna enananinns on vaininsnenneve| Midyear 3,175,387 3,213,500 3,249,741 3,283,795 EBACE aaiesisoisssssssssnessinninesnvess vs) Midyear] 41,600,000 41,685,000 | 41,700,000 | 40,700,000 Germany RB essai asi issn ashen rans .| Midyear| 66,146,000 66,978,000 67,790,000 | 67,883,000 Greene B.L, o. sess ns rns sesinvies Do. BL 2,719,422 | 154,819,793 4,818,245 4,816,998 Hungary2®......00 0 rcv rvcessborvsen real Midyear 7,743,795 7,839,535 7,933,004 7,980,543 Beelland desl sso viainis sion vio sina dn wnnnnn sivas] Docs 31 86,116 87,137 88,076 89,059 Ireland (inc. Eire and Northern Ireland). Midyear 4,368,000 4,346,000 4,334,000 4,278,000 BEB Yin cv ss nin nino ss niion ie Jase Doc. 51 35,239,000 35,598,000 36,120,000 36,670,000 EAtHIaL aes sneis sea sann as ante) 17 7 27 7 BBganda® i. iL sues anna ease cy Dio0. BL 2,335,400 2,358,000 2,372,300 | 21,993,900 Malta and G0Z02 case vernnsrmnensnnan ses] Aple 1 215,332 216,617 216,879 218,542 Netherlands... ,, coivsssvonrnsnsvns «+..| Midyear 6,054,487 6,144,036 6,251,189 6,363,953 Northern Ireland 2X. u.vicavsssansns «vo. Midyear 1,248,000 1,243,000 1,242,000 1,210,000 MOWAT RR. sv sain ss niashs snwwnainnsennens] Mean 2,423,184 2,446,874 2,472,419 2,497,766 DOYS isis sien eis da ale a vain ie ne nee eo) DOC BL 29,640,100 | %30,310,000 2s 23 Portugal (inc. Azores and Madeira Is.)..| Midyear 5,964,783 5,972,887 5,980,990 5,989,094 BUIBIEL A cir sale vies sin enn nines vaninnn oni s sang JULY LT [2'2%7 054 010 | "249 350 855] i229 971,541 | ‘247,307,311 5COEIANA Te nieis oc vie sissnin in siviansnnens soma +o) Midyear 4,741,077 4,728,132 4,747,167 4,770,798 Spain?®? (inc. Balearic and Canary Is.)..| Dec. 31 20,156,103 0,299,294 0,443,739 20,587,839 WCAC I olsieia ss vis cise s eidhisinnininennnvasives eel Midyear 5,582,996 5,621,388 5,659,095 5,696,174 SWitzerIand. cv ssassinres ns ne Sa «...| Midyear 3,818,952 3,863,964 3,897,294 3,882,829 FUgoBlaviBees crn vrs sins a ainaivainis sis vem DEC, 51 (3%) (2c) (2°) (2%) . EUROPE-ASIA Russia? (Proper Ye . ons essebonvssaas «we Dec. 31{ 170,902,900 | 175,157,800 | 178,905,500 (22) OCEANTA Australia (ex. aboriginalS).eeec..... «+ «| June 30 4,644,852 4,803,661 4,919,194 4,950,233 New Zealand (ex. Maoris)....eeeeee.....|Mean 1,039,016 1,068,644 1,090,328 1,099,394 . New: Zealand (MAaoriS).«cesscsccccsacnsnss] = -— ee — === TT ENE TTR TE See footnotes on pe R706 i 3 t : a ’ : APPENDIX— POPULATION ; 250°, - SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1912-1919 : RR facto or de jure, specified when known) : } : id 1916 1917 1918 1919 Country AFRICA 12,648,000 112,750,918 12,936,000 13,078,000 | Egypt : 1,404,561 1,429,397 21,471,781 1,476,419 | Union of South Africa (Europeans) 5,142,487 5,228,679 5,314,874 5,251,070 | Union of South Africa (non-Europeans) ; AMERICA 7,986,000 8,046,000 8,134,000 8,298,000 | Canada (ex. Yukon and Northwest Terr.) 15,000 14,000 14,000 13,000 Yukon and Northwest Territories 101,965,984 103,265,913 103,202,801 104,512,110 | United States ASIA 2) ® £2) (®) Burma? 4,482,809 4,589,635 4,677,257 4,480,140 | Ceylon . 16,648,129 16,968,997 17,057,032 17,149,909 | Chosen (Korea) 238,527,685 238,496,222 238,496,222 238,482,205 | India, British (inc. Burma) 55,637,431 56,335,971 56,667,711 57,233,906 | Japan* (proper) ee sn Cm -— | Malaya 797,739 809,869 827,719 846,061 | Straits Settlements® rn —— —— —-— Federated Malay States —-— — sm — Unfederated Malay States = €138,845 = . ——— | Netherlands East Indies == 111,430 = —- | Java and Madura —— — —— ——— | Palestine EUROPE 6,344,882 6,275,664 6,206,446 6,128,502 | Austria’ 7,692,617 7,642,054 7,555,576 7,577,027 | Belgium- 84,650,300 4,690,100 4,731,200 4,775,900 | Bulgaria (2) (9) (9) (9) Czechoslovakia® 2,936,000 2,972,000 3,006,000 3,041,000 | Denmark (ex. Faroe Islands) 3,068,000 3,065,000 3,066,000 3,102,000 | Eire*® 37,446,000 37,531,000 37,483,000 37,362,000 [England and Wales (*1) (3%) (2) YH) Estoniall 3,311,325 5,354,511 3,337,643 3,351,201 | Finland? 40,100,000 39,500,000 38,750,000 38,700,000 | France 67,715,000 67,368,000 66,811,000 | “62,897,000 | German 4,816,050 4,815,401 4,815,049 4,814,994 | Greecel® 7,968,841 7,941,635 7,886,863 7,878,455 | Hungary*® 89,819 91,368 91,897 92,855 | Iceland. 4,273,000 4,273,000 4,280,000 4,352,000 | Ireland* (inc. Eire and Northern Ireland) 36,758,000 36,563,000 35,994,000 36,147,000 | Italy 7 17 17 37 Latvial? 181,998,300 191,988,600 2,113,900 2,144,200 | Lithuanial® . 220,968 223,741 224,323 224,655 | Malta and Gozo®° 6,480,142 6,612,434 6,704,612 6,752,144 | Netherlands 1,205,000 1,208,000 1,214,000 1,250,000 | Northern Ireland®* 2,522,178 2,550,543 2,577,729 2,602,869 | Norway? 23 23 26,282,000 26,282,200 | Poland 5,997,198 6,005,302 6,013,406 6,021,509 | Portugal (inc. Azores and Madeira Is.) — — — 814,669,841 | Rumania 4,794,708 4,810,338 4,812,274 4,820,077 | Scotland 20,747,893 20,842,902 20,719,598 21,282,960 | Spain®? (inc. Balearic and Canary Is.) 5,735,153 5,779,207 5,807,349 5,830,444 | Sweden 3,882,854 3,887,494 3,879,610 3,869,160 | Switzerland {2%) (75) 111,621,000 11,794,291 | Yugoslavia EUROPE-ASIA {?3) (2%) (28): (2%) Russia®? (proper) OCEANIA 4,907,201 4,902,344 4,980,387 5,143,184 | Australia (ex. aboriginals) 11,099,449 1,099,117 1,103,022 1,136,389 | New Zealand (ex. Maoris) -_— —_ ee ——— | New Zealand (Maoris) BayDbee ovis ole tia vive sents sheets Mar. 7,1917 Sta Oct. 1916 Bumaniaes sels sani meinen nent: DBC. 11951912 Union of South Africa..... May 5, 1918 Tugoslavia......svsnntedas Dec. 1, 1918 3 iw Prior to 1937, Burma was a Province in India. i He Population in a registration area which includes about 98 percent of the total British territory and ~~ 75 percent of India proper. 4 De jure (legal) population. 5 Excludes data for Cocos-Keeling and Christmas Islands. ] ‘ 2 ® European only. 7 ais i” 7 Excludes Province of Burgenland. i ; ' A total of 376,118 inhabitants were gained by 1915, as a result of territorial changes. ; Ang : s Data not Fvallable; 3 Czechoslovakia was officially recognized as a Republic by the Treaty of St. i Germain, Sept., 10, 1919. It was formed from part of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy and included Bohemia, Moravia and Gzecho-Silesia, Slovakia, and Subcarpathian Ruthenia (Subcarpathia). Eire (Irish Free State) was part of Ireland until Dec. 6, 1921; data available for this independent i rig area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. (See also Northern : : it Ireland.) i ay Data not available; Estonia was part of Russia until its independence was recognized by the Treaty RE ~ of Tartu, Feb. 2, 1920. Eh was part of Russia until its independence was proclaimed, yily 17, 1919; data available for : this independent area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later oars, X Including Alsace~Lorraine, unless otherwise stated. 14 Excludes Alsace-Lorraine, and that part of Province of Posen taken by Poland. In 1913, Greece annexed Macedonia, Epirus, Crete, and the Aegean Islands, increasing the area of ol Grecian territory from 63,211 to 121,794 square kilometers. © Territory defined by the Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 7% Data not available; Latvia was part of Russia until its independence was proclaimed, Nov. 18, 1918. 5 Lithuania was part of Russia until its independence was recognized by Treaty of Peace, July 12, / 1920; data available for the independent area are shown here separately for comparison with those ~ for later years. Reduction in population due to evacuation of permanent garrisons and other segments of the popula= {ri tion at the beginning of the war. . ¥ Civilian population only, excluding the garrison. | Northern Ireland formed part of Iréland until the independence of Eire was recognized, Dec. 6, 1921; data available for the area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. Ts (See also Eire.) RRC ? De facto (present in area) population. dip an 0: Data not available; Poland was occupied by Austro-German forces, 1914-1918, and its independence : was recognized by the Treaty of Versailles, June 28, 1919. Ey * For 01d Kingdom, i.e., Provinces of Oltenia, Muntenis, ‘Dobrudja, and Moldavia; in 1912, data for feria ~ Caliacra and Duroster in Dobrudja are, not included. Ne For 01d Kingdom plus Bessarabia, Transylvania, Banat, and Crisana-lMaramuresh. Data not available; Yugoslavia was part of Austria-Hungary until its independence was proclaimed, REC Es Deo. 1, 1918. : 27 ‘Excludes Finland, shown separately above. : ” Data not available; Russian revolution broke out, Mar. 12, 1917. \ 7 1? 23 hg EY 26 Compiled from official yearbooks and vital statistics reports for each country, and ro selected secondary sources. See complete bibliography on p. R93. ; ! APPENDIX—NATATITY TABLE II.—NUMBER OF BIRTHS REPORTED: 45 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1912-1919 (Exclusive of stillbirths) Country 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 AFRICA ; 7d BRIDE 24 xettvis vines viabisie 508,180 507,442 582,467 | 520,035(/ 506,350| 513,715 502,905 493,507 Union of South Africa: BUTOPeans....cueevecese . 42,014 42,138 40,886 40,471 41,195 40,722 41,582 39,724 Non-Buropeans®...eceeees 51,352 60,096 65,884 65,620 65,466 61,647 77,175 72,199 AMERICA . Canada.’ rseo vsi sonisans 3191,679| 207,816 216,825 | 222,081| R17,157| R12,284| “*R23,830| 195,343 Yukon and N. W. Terr.... —— — — — —— —- — — United States®...... cs... (2) (5) (5) 776,304 818,983 | 1,353,792 | 1,363,649| 1,373,438 ASIA Burma? ce eon ann ten seins ce (7Y (7) (7) (7) (2) (7) (7) £2) CoFLon., Sones leds unin . 138,303| 162,827 162,177 | 160,950| 174,930 | 183,975 183,384 161,403 Chosen (Korea). seve ST 428,281 |" 459,945 447,941 | 443,812 | 561,224| 578,153 578,567 474,374 India,* ® British (inc. I ...| 9,295,296| 9,393,218 | 9,447,300 | 9,021,825 | 8,856,283 | 9,379,349| 8,430,560| 7,21R,415 Japan (proper)...c.cec.es 1,737,674 | 1,757,441 | 1,808,402 | 1,799,326 | 1,804,822 | 1,812,413| 1,791,992] 1,778,685 Malaya®... cue ee ens on 46,035 46,313 50,058 52,510 51,679 | 59,589 56,713 57,949 Straits Settlementsio... 20,594 19,964 22,080 22,811 22,342 24,826 23,702 25,624 Federated Malay States.. 25,441 26,349 27,978 29,699 29,337 34,783 33,011 32,325 Unfederated Malay Sts... —_— —-— —_— —_— — —— — — Netherlands East Indies: DITOPEanS sas ner rs reves 3,574 3,699 3,915 4,127 4,370 4,459 4,680 4,171 Java and Madura: BUCOPBENS a ves wos vwnvs es 2,687 2,730 2,912 3,074 3,265 3,419 3,655 3,105 Palestine....... eervanes . — — —_— —_— — — —-_— — EUROPE Bustriatei. vivre vas 160,602 153,477 151,763 | 118,764 93,597 87,385 87,775 110,822 Belgium. oocueecunnnennns 172,520 178,376 | 12 13156, 389 12194) 291 | 299,360 1236) 675] 12 145,056 124,204 Bleariatt. oh ie . 184,705| 107,657 190,941 | 171,802 99,020 80,778 100,121 158,725 Ceochosiovakiats, ixvs aed 258,708| 253,731 249,654 182,942 128,424 115,355 109, 569 174,691 Denmark (ex. Faroe Is.).. 74,659 72,475 73,294 70,192 71,559 70,306 . 72,505 68,722 Eiret?..v.oviiin bs va 70,734 70,214 69,102 67,501 64,814 61,421 61,092 61,829 England and WaleS........ 872,737| 881,890 879,096 | 814,614 785,520| 668,346 662,661 692,438 Estonia. vase ss vers ess {*%) 2) (22) (12) 32) (25 (2) (x8) PInand3 2. ee cs shit on done 92,275 87,250 87,577 83,306 79,653 81,046 79,494 63,896 France, cre cee csiosrnvone 796,141 790,355 |. 753,000 | 480,000| 382,000 | 410,000 470,000 503,606 Germany®C.eee ease. veeses.| 1,869,63%6| 1,838,750 | 1,818,596 | 1,392,646 | 1,029,484 21917, 109 21926, a1s{e2y, 260, 500 GreeCeesssssessssanse ceene — — — —_— — — HONZErY2 2 eens cvs win nves 270,804| 264,418 270,690 | 187,734| 135,443 150,817 127,894 217,451 TeeTands sri: devin din oe 2,234 2,216 2,338 2,446 2,377 2,427 2,441 2,342 Ireland (inc. Eire and Northern Ireland)...... 101,035) 100,094 98,806 95,583 91,437 86,370 87,304 89,325 TY Se EH -+| 1,183,985] 1,122,482 | 1,114,091 | 1,109,183 | 88L,626| 713,752 655,353 770,620 Totvia®%... urs olaieie ste ninte 24 22) 24) (2%) (2%) (3%) (2%) (22) Litmania®%....... Cases (2%) {25) (25) 38,722 35, 565 32,266 33,176 41,095 Malta and Gozo? ? BS ren 6,935 6,691 6,918 27g, 953 6,478 6,413 6,337 276,762 Netherlands ®.... i. cians 170,269 | 173,541 176,851 | 167,423] 172,572 175,11 167,636 164,447 Northern Ireland?®....... 30,301 29,880 ( 9,704 28,082 26,623 24,949 26,212 27,496 NOTWAY + «ae eansns SRN sie 61,409 61,294 62,111 58,975 61,120 63,969 63,468 59,486 POLE, «i sain breinin ain iin 5 0iriin $7) (295 (22) (2%) 2y 23 239 807,700 Portugal (inc. Islands).. 207,870| 193,906 188,479 | 195,225( 192,780| 188,391 178,687 166,162 RImania.. core ieee sasieeal) 29374 090 30329. 625 30327. 345 | 30319,544 me _— co 3152) 915 Scotland... cveriririis . 122,790 120,516 123,934 | 114,181 | 109,942 97,441 98,554 106,268 Spain? (inc. Islands)... 637,860 617,850 608,207 | 831,462| 599,011| 602,139 612,637 585,963 SHEdbN.. cvs or ie ar se 132,868| 130,200 129,458 | 122,997 1R1,679| 120,855 117,955 115,193 Switzerland..veeeesscesss 92,196 89,757 87,330 75,545 73,660 72,085 72, 658 72,125 Yugoslavidee sess vevesss - (32) (32) (32) (32) (3%) (32) 3) 347,748 BUROPE-ASTA Russia®3 (proper)...... .. | #5,238,186 [#5,452,276 (22) (22) (22) (32) (3%) (32) OCEANTA Bastraliz®®... coessseces 133,088 135,714 137,983 | 134,871| 131,426 | 129,965 125,739 122,290 New Zealand (ex. Maoris). 27,508 27,935 28,338 27,850 28,509 28,239 25,860 24,483 New Zealand (Maoris)..... — — — _— — —_— _— — See footnotes on p. R72. é 7] al 3 AP hs vas In a ay “0 oo 272 ; : : INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS ook wn PX 9 10 1x “12 i3 14 15 16 Caw is 19 20 21 R2 S23 25 26 R27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Footnotes for table II Provisional. 4 Registration is admittedly incomplete. Data are for 8 provinces, excluding New Brunswick, Yukon and the Northwest Territories. ‘Excludes also data for Province of Prince Edward Island. For year ending June 30. Excludes also data for Province of ‘Saskatchewan. f The national birth-registration area was not established until 1915, and data are for an expanding group of States. The year of admittance for States constituting the birth-registration area between 1915 and 1919 is given below: ' 1915..... Connecticut 191%7..... Indiana Maine ! Kansas Massachusetts Kentucky - Michigan North Carolina Minnesota . Ohio New Hampshire Utah New York Virginia Pennsylvania Washington Rhode Island Wisconsin Vermont 1919..... California District of Columbia Oregon South Carolina 1916..... Maryland (Rhode Island removed) Prior to 1937, Burma was a Province in India. Data are for a registration area which includes about 98 percent of the total British territory, and 75 percent of India proper. Includes only Straits Settlements and Federated lMalay States. Excludes data for Cocos—Keeling and Christmas Islands where no registration office exists. Excludes data for Province of Burgenland. Excludes, in addition to stillbirths, infants born alive but dying before registration of birth. Excludes data for 9 communes of Termonde. Excludes data for 50 communes not under Belgian administration. Data are not strictly comparable from year to year because of territorial changes which took place during 1913-1915 and in 1919. (See footnote 8, table I.) Data are for Bohemia and Moravia only, excluding Vitorez and Valtice. The Republic was not recognized until Sept. 10, 1919. (See also footnote 9, table I.) Eire (Irish Free State) was part of Ireland until Dec. 6, 1921; data available for this independent area fe Jan here separately for comparison with those for Saer years. (See also Northern Ireland Data not available; Estonia was part of Russia until its Sidepelidenda was recognized by the Treaty of Tartu, Peb. 2, 1920. Finland was part of Russia until its independence was proclaimed, July 17, 1919; data available for this independent area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. : Unless otherwise specified, includes births in Alsace-Lorraine. Excludes births in Alsace-Lorraine. Excludes births in Alsace-Lorraine and that part of Posen taken by Poland. Data are for territory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. Data not available; Latvia was part of Russia until its independence was proclaimed, Nov. 18, 1918. Lithuania was part of Russia until its independence was recognized by Treaty of Peace, July 12, 1920; data available for this independent area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. Includes births in both military and civilian populations for year ending Mar. 31. Includes stillbirths. Northern Ireland was part of Ireland until the independence of Eire was recognized, Dec. 6, 1921; data available for the area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. (See also Eire.) Data not available; Poland was occupied by Austro~Gernan forces, 1914-1918, and its independence was recognized by Treaty of Versailles, June 28, 1919. For Old Kingdom, i.e., Provinces of Oltenia, Muntenia, Dobrudja, and Moldavia; in 1912, data for Caliacra and Duroster in Dobrudja are not included. For 01d Kingdom plus Bessarabia, Transylvania, Banat, and Crisana-Maramuresh. Data not available; Yugoslavia was part of Austria-Hungary until its independence was procisizsd, Dec. 1, 1918. Excludes Finland, shown separately above. Data not available; Russian revolution broke out, Mar. 12, 1917. Excludes aboriginals. Source: Compiled from official yearbooks and vital statistics reports for each country, and from selected secondary sources. See complete bibliography on p. R93. R8,1 26.0 R5.3 25.9 R547 New Zealand (Maoris)..... N— posed a, == — ie ’ oa : 1 i» APPENDIX—NATALITY 275 Sd / : “ TABLE III.—CRUDE BIRTH RATES: 45 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1912-1919 A (Exclusive of stillbirths. Rates are the number of births reported per 1,000 population) | of - +R Country 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 AFRICA 3 FEUD nied sive v3i0's sig stork sore 42.2 41.6 42.3 41.6 40.0 40.3 38.9 57% Union of South Africa: BuropeanS.eesssecsccsnes 3.2 31.7 30.R R9.3 29.3 R8.5 0.2 R6.9 Non—-Buropeans™e.eeceesss 10.7 12.3 13.3 13.0 12.7 11.8 14.5 13.7 & AMERICA Canada. vars te tren nae 3077 28.6 28.9 29.2 28.5 27.6 428.8 827.0 Yukon and N. W. Terr.... — ns —_— —_— —_— — —-— — United States®.... vars (2) (5) (%) 25.0 24.9 24.5 24,7 22.4 ASTA 3 BURT in as esi satriaion die (7 (7 (7) " a) (7) ?) (7) Ceylon ser save dann seven 33.3 38.6 38.2 37.0 39.0 40.1 39.2 36.0 Chosen (Korea)essseesssss 28.9 29.8 28.1 27.3 33.7 33.7 33.9 R7.7 India, ® British (inc. Buri) e sera snes vrs sne 38.9 39.4 39.6 37.8 37.1 39.3 35.3 30.2 Japan (proper) «ce sess, 33.1 32.9 33.4 3R.8 32.4 32.2 31.6 31.1 MB18Y8. esses srr prnes (°) (9) (°) (°) (°) (°) (°) (°) Straits Settlements®...| 28.3 26.9 29.1 29.4 28.0 30.7 28.6 30.3 Federated Malay States.. (9) (9) (°) (9) (°) (°) (°) {9)", Unfederated Malay Sts... — _— —_ a —— — | — _ Netherlands East Indies: BITOPeRB avs tives sas esse (°) (2?) (2) (®) ®) 32.1 {®) (?) Java and Madura: BUTOPEanS.esss ss MEL (®) ¢®) (2) ¢°) (°) 3067 °) (®) Palestin@esssssscss vielv eine —-— Ee -— — _— ra mre — EUROPE Bustriald, Li. cr ewaieale 24.8 23.6 23.4 18.5 14.8 13.9 14.1 18.1 Bolin,» testis els sinner snne 22.8 22.6|1 22 3¥ag. 4 i 1219.9 3277.5 2 347) 2 16.4 Buleariall.......... vases 41.7 25.7 45.1 40.2 21.3 17.2 21.2 0. 3R:8 026ChoS10VaKias esas sassy. (2) (°) (%) (2) (2) (®) > ty Denmark (ex. Faroe Is.).. R6.6 25.6 - 25.6 R4.2 24.4 R3.7 R4.1 2.6 ee RR 22.7 22.6 22.3 22.0 21,3 20.0 19.9 19.9 England and WaleSeieese.s 24.0 24.1 3.8 21.8 21.0 17.87 17.7 18.5 ESTONIA Tu ive nate nase ry 27) 27) (7) 7) (27) (17) (27) (27) Finland? inns ae 29.1 27.2 26.9 25.4 24.1 ‘24.3 23.8 19.2 BranBell le Jule vine alee 19.1 19.0 18.1 11.8 9.5 10.4 1251 13.0 COTTETIY Te vr es eine 28.53 27.5 26.8 20.4 15.2 2015.8 2014.4 2120.0 4 BreECa..svsnsvvessnsennne —_— ee _— —_— a —_— —_— ee Lash BNEaryR Bsa via ane . 55.0 33.7 84.1 23.5 17.0 16.5 15.2 27.6 Toeland ae coves sssosveciis 25.9 25.4 26.5 27.5 26.5 26.6 26.6 25.2 Ireland (inc. Eire and Northern Ireland)e...ss 23.1 3.0 22.8 22.3 21.4 20.2 20.4 20.5 i 1 SO oie 32.2 31.5 30.8 30.2 24.0 19.5 18.2 21.3 BAtvEETB evs erie une (3) (> 23) (23) (*?) (23) (332) (23) i Tn ph (22) (2%) (24) 19.4 17.8 16.2 15.7 19.2 : Malta and Go20%..es eres 32.2 30.9 31.9 2851.5 29.3 28.7 28.2 2630. : Netherlandsi®............ 28.1 28,2 28.3 26.3 26.6 26.2 25.0 24.4 Northern Ireland?7....... 24.3 24.0 23.9 23.2 22,1 20.7 21.6 22.0 NOrwayes. ss. RTE 25.3 25.0 25.1 23.6 24.2 25.1 24.6 22.9 Polen ce snsnsnssversessas (2%) (22) (2%) (28) (22) (22) (2%) 30.7 Portugal (inc. Islands)... 34.8 32.5 51.5 32.6 32.1 31.4 29.7 27.6 RUnani8lscvessviose is vasa oe 2943.9 294.8 2942.1 2940.5 — — — 3035.0 4 Seotland, .vv.sivs vaiinn ss oe 25.9" 25.5 26.1 23.9 22.9 20.3 20.5 22.0 Spain? (inc. Islands)... 31.6 30.4 29.8 30,7 8.9 R8.9 29.6 R75 SHEASNo to vs's sv evssvsvavs 23.8 23.2 22.9 21.6 21.2 20.9 20.3 19.8 Switzerland... ceseeeson 24.1 23.2 22.4 19.5 19.0 18.5 18.7 18.6 Yueoslavia....oese nrsne (21) (32) (31) (21) (31) (33) (31) 29,5 EUROPE-ASTA A Russia®? (proper).....«.. #3047 #31.1 (33) (323) (33) (33) (33) (32) OCEANIA g GustealinB,.. 28.7 23.3 28.0 27.2 26.8 26.5 25.2 23.8 New Zealand (ex. Maoris). 26.5 23.4 21.5 See footnotes on pe R74. INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS ¢ Footnotes for table III 7 #% Provisional. : 1 Registration is admittedly incomplete. 2 Data are for 8 provinces, excluding New Brunswick, Yukon and the Northwest Territories. \ 3 Excludes also data for Province of Prince Edward Island. For year ending June 30. ¥ Excludes also data for Province of Saskatchewan. et! The national birth-registration area was not established until 1915. For 1915-1919, data are for an dt expanding group of States. The year of admittance for States constituting the area between 1915 FE and 1919 is given below: A TE TR Eh Cn Salt ER a» AEA a 1915..... Connecticut 1917..... Indiana Maine Kansas : Massachusetts ‘Kentucky y : Michigan North Carolina 5 Minnesota Ohio ¥ New Hampshire Utah k : \ New York Virginia il Pennsylvania Washington Rhode Island Wisconsin Vermont 1919..... California District of Columbia Oregon ig ? : : South Carolina b ¢ 1916..... Maryland (Rhode Island removed) ’ Prior to 1937, Burma was a Province in India. © Data are for a registration area which includes about 98 percent of the total British territory, and Eo 75 percent of India proper. 2 ® Rate not computed because population base is not available. For absolute numbers, see table II, : Ps 271. 10 Excludes data for Cocos-Keeling and Christmas Islands where no registration office exists. i 11 Excludes data for Province of Burgenland. b 12 Excludes, in addition to stillbirths, infants born alive but dying before registration of birth. fl 13 Excludes births in 9 communes of Termonde, but computed on population which includes this area. i 14 Excludes births in 50 communes not under Belgian administration, but computed on population which ) includes this area. : 18 Data are not strictly comparable from year to year because of territorial changes which took place il during 1913-1915 and in 1919. (See footnote 8, table I.) gi 16 Eire (Irish Free State) was part of Ireland until Dec. 6, 1921; rates available for this independent bai] area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. (See also Northern i Ireland.) ~ 17 Data not available; Estonia was part of Russia until its independence was recognized by the Treaty ¢ of Tartu, Feb. 2, 1920. i 18 Rinland was part of Russia until its independence was proclaimed July 17, 1919; rates available for this independent area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. i 19 Unless otherwise specified, includes data for Alsace-Lorraine. 20 fxeludes births in Alsace~Lorraine but computed on population which includes this area. 2 pxcludes data for Alsace~Lorraine and that part of Posen taken by Poland. 22 Data are for territory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 23 Data not available; Latvia was part of Russia until its independence was proclaimed, Nov. 18, 1918. 2 24 Lithuania was part of Russia until its independence was recognized by Treaty of Peace, July 12, 1920; Ke ' rates available for this independent area are shown here separately for comparison with those for £ later years. 2% Rates include births in both military and civilian population, for year ending Mar. 31, but are computed on civilian population only. 26 Includes stillbirths. 27 Northern Ireland was part of Ireland until the independence of Eire was. recognized, Dec. 6, 1921; rates available for the area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. (See also Eire.) 28 Data not available; Poland was occupied by Austro-German forces, 1914-1918, and its independence was recognized by the Treaty of Versailles, June 28, 1919. 29 For 01d Kingdom, i.e., Provinces of Oltenia, Muntenia, Dobrudja, and Moldavia; in 1912, data for Caliacra and Duroster in Dobrudja are not included. 39 For 0ld Kingdom plus Bessarabia, Transylvania, Banat, and Crisana-Maramuresh. 31 Data not available; Yugoslavia was part of Austria-Hungary until its independence was proclaimed, Dec. 1, 1918. ; 32 pycludes Finland, shown separately above. : 33 pata not available; Russian revolution broke out, Mar. 12, 1917. 34 gycludes aboriginals. Source: Based on births given in table II and computed on populations from table I. TABLE IV.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED: APPENDIX— GENERAL MORTALITY 45 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1912-1919 (Exclusive of stillbirths) | 1912 Country 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 AFRICA : i BaypbE. ieee soins s unis 294,964 309,499 333,133 349,644 376,359 376,149 512,100| 383,872 Union of South Africa: » y BUrOpeaNS.scesessesoese 13,442 13,664 12,897 14,211 14,385 14,665 24,972 17,534 Fomeiaropesns?. 2 aay 42,556 50,802 46,231 50,700 53,376 51,452 117,891 70,713 AMERICA Canada. iher fan Shien 489,496 97,181 94,249 94,300 100,573 95,516 ©128,812| ©105,619 Yukon and N. W. Terr... — pn — _— en Vm — bs United States’...... I, 745,771 802,909 810,914 815,500 924,971 981,239 1,430,079|1,072,263 Borat axe (2) (2) (®) (2) (2) (3) {2 (®) Coy LOT sae vse +s vis 0 4s wifes 134,383| 120,008 136,831 109,818 120,162 113,389 149,407, 168,323 Chosen (Korea)....oeos.. 236,911] 278,282 307,376 342,920 370,636 409,216 523,335 392,105 dia,? ° British (i : ? India, itish (inc. Bui) Se A .eo| 7,090,991| 6,845,018| 7,155,771| 7,14R,412| 6,940,436 7,803,832 14,895,801(8,554,178 Japan (pro rene shes den 1,037,016 | 1,027,257 1,101,815 1,093,793| 1,187,832| 1,199,669 1,493,162|1,281,965 Mara Br > 69,295 64,150 64,9Q9 >s6.552| 61,352 72,464 ’105,953| _ 66,602 Ya eeeees eesssnsans 3 y > " > ’ 5: y Straits Settlements*.. 28,422 25,950 25,906 22,633 24,371 29,950 36,294| 27,957 Federated Malay States. 40,873 38,200 39,003 33,899 36,981 42,514 67,639| 38,645 Ee os y = > 3 ’ > > s 0 nfederated Malay Sts.. — —_— —-_— re =— — —-_— —_— Netherlands E. Indies:? : BOTOpemnS. esses ss seins 2,157 2,081 2,216 2,156 1,996 2,143 3,035 2,231 Java and Madura:'? BUTOPEANS. cee sese cannes 1,756 1,684 1,783 1,768 1,625 1.752 2,484 1,777 Palestin€.eeeesesccnncas — — —_— ne —— —-— —— —— EUROPE Sastriat®......iven. nee 118,527 118,328 118,178] 3%157,370| **133,543(" 1%144.367 14164,736| 125,449 Bol gitie syne sais sisnonen 113,711 112,504 | 18 16108, 720 18100, 674 18701) 044| %124,824|%5 17159, 340| 114,622 Bulgaria®® i, teens 3 91,278 121,500 87,707 84, 952 96,709 99,296 151,525] ‘96,535 Czechoslovakia sivens 188,439 176,299 20194) 933 20186,152 20172. 790 20375,818 20319, 390| 164,750 Denmark (ex. Faroe 150 36,486 35,364 35,921 37,174 39,R65 39,224 39,038 39,590 Bime®X...cv.iuiesn falta 50,489 52,184 49,674 53,713 50,627 51,715 53, 682| 55,776 Bagland and WaleS.eesess 486,939 504,975 516,74% 22560’ 253 22503 217 2295 922 22611, 861 22504, 203 Bstonials..aviesss is ov (23) 25 (23) 23 (23) (23) JL 3) Pindand®2.... 0 vec ernais 51,645 51,876 50,690 52,205 54,577 58,863 95,102 62,932 FranoerS. ... courses ie 721,347 731,441] 251,130,000 | 2%1,065,000 28965. 000 26855,000| 21,115,000]. 735, 541 Germany®®..... Pda 1,029,749] 1,004,950 1,291,310(?71,450,420|271,298,054 (271,345,424 27)) 606,475 28g7g. 380 OreeCe es csssisesssarsssne —_— —_ — —_— —— —— ——— —_— Lr A Ea : 172,148 174,241 176,574 189,418 159,810 163,507 207,395| 157,392 Teel andi verve vais sins an 117 1,060 1,428 1,378 1,322 1,111 1,518 1,169 Ireland (inc. Eire andl - Northern Ireland).. 72,187 74,694 71,345 76,151 71,391 72,724 78,695| 78,612 Italy. oeeeene Sea vies 635,788| 663,966 643,355 22g09, 706 | 22854,998 24945, 711) #221, 268, 299 Latvia® sggrrereeeereee {2 fa) 1 %Y (=) (y 3 2 a S080 1 : eh 255) ee Lo iin 23g. gr Netherlands®®........... 74,647 75,867 77,739 79,613 84,024 87,273 115.440 Northern Ireland®%...... 21,698 22,510 21,671 22,438 20,764 21,011 25,013 NOTWEG s+ sev iissinansrns'e sh 52,663 32,442 38,280 38,425 24,910 234,699 44,218 Poland, (iat. does srvatiss (3%) (25) (35) (39) ) (35) 3 Portugal (inc. Ielands). 119,578| 123,054 115,526 122,513 129,389 134,082 248,978| 152,856 Rumaniasy.husisiveies .oseef 2%165,616] 2°191,689| 3%132,949 36795,574 _— —_— —|27441,880 Scotland. sv. ssveies 72,340 73,069 73,557 81,631 70,640 69,483 78,372 75,149 Spain®® (inc. Isiands). 426,297 | 449,349 450,340 452,479 441,673 465,722 695,758| 482,752 Seder. visi ssaces ers 79,41 76,724 78,311 83,587 77,771 77,385 104,591| 84,289 Switzerland..... ve deans 54, 102 55,47 53, 629 51,524 50,623 53,306 75,034| 54,952 Yugoslavia. ..eesseas vale 28) (38 (38) 38 38) 22) 23) 258,638 EUROPE-ASIA Russia (proper)........|#3,185,962 |#3,472,703 (£5) (2%) (39) (29) (49) (*°) OCEANTA : dustralia®t. ...ceranine 52,177 51,789 51,720 52,782 54,197 48,029 50,249| 65,930 New Zealand (ex. Maoris) 9,214 10,119 10,148 9,965 10,596 10,528 16,364] 10,808 ' New Zealand (Maoris).... See footnotes on pe. R76. ~ 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 28 26 27 | ¢ i izve INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS Footnotes for table IV Provisional. Includes deaths among passengers on shipboard and troops of the permanent garrison. Registration is admittedly incomplete. Data are for 8 provinces, excluding New Brunswick, Yukon and the Northwest Territories. Excludes also data for Province of Prince Edward Island. For year ending June 30. Excludes also data for Province of Saskatchewan. Data are for an expanding group of death-registration States. The year of admittance for States con- stituting the death-registration area between 1912 and 1919 is given below: 1912..... Massachusetts 1912—Con ..... North Carolina New Jersey (16 percent of State) District of Columbia Utah Connecticut Kentucky New Hampshire Missouri . New York 1913.0 cessive Virginia Rhode Island 1914.eeeesv.-+ Kansas Vermont 1916s severe North Carolina Maine (100 percent) Michigan South Carolina Indiana 1917¢¢eeees... Tennessee California . 1918. ..54 500 vis 111inois Colorado Louisiana Maryland Oregon Pennsylvania 1919.......... Florida Washington : Mississippi Wisconsin Delaware Ohio Minnesota Montana Prior to 1937, Burma was a Province in India. Data are for.a registration area which includes about 98 percent of the total British territory, and 75 percent of India proper. Includes only Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States. Excludes data for Cocos—Keeling and Christmas Islands where no registration office exists. Excludes deaths of unknown sex or country of birth. Excludes data for Province of Burgenland. Includes military deaths occurring in Austria plus prisoners of war and refugees. Excludes, in addition to stillbirths, infants born alive but dying before registration of birth. Excludes data for 9 communes of Termonde. Excludes data for 50 communes not under Belgian administration. Data are not strictly comparable from year to year because of territorial changes which took place during 1913-1915 and in 1919. (See footnote 8, table I.) Data are for Bohemia and Moravia only, excluding Vitorez and Valtice. The Republic was not recognized until Sept. 10, 1919. Excludes deaths in armed forces wherever occurring, and deaths of civilians occurring outside the home country. hs Eire (Irish Free State) was part of Ireland until Dec. 6, 1921; data available for the indepen— dent area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. (See also Northern Ireland.) Includes those deaths in armed forces, which were registered with civil authorities. Data not available; Estonia was part of hussia until its independence was recognized by the Treaty of Tartu, Feb. 2, 1920. Finland was part of Russia until its independence was proclaimed, July 17, 1919; data available for this independent area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. Includes deaths of military personnel estimated as follows: - 1914..... 360,000 1917..... 145,000 1915..... 320,000 1918..... 250,000 1916..... 270,000 Except for 1917-1919, includes deaths in'Alsace-Lorraine. Includes deaths of military personnel estimated as follows: 1915..... 434,034 1918..... 379,777 1916..... 340,468 1919..... 14,314 1917..... 81,905 28 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 APPENDIX— GENERAL MORTALITY 277 Footnotes for table IV—Continued Excludes deaths in Alsace-Lorraine and that part of Posen taken by Poland. Data are for territory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. Data not available; Latvia was part of Russia until its independence was proclaimed, Nov. 18, 1918. Lithuania was part of Russia until its independence was recognized by Treaty of Peace, July 12, 1920; data available for this independent area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. : Data are for year ending Mar. 31; unless otherwise specified, deaths in the garrison are excluded. ; Includes also deaths in the garrison. Northern Ireland was part of Ireland until the independence of Eire was recognized, Dec. 6, 1921; data available for the area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. (See also Eire.) Data not available; Poland was occupied by Austro-German forces, 1914-1918, and its independence was recognized by Treaty of Versailles, June 28, 1919. For 01d Kingdom, i.e., Provinces of Oltenia, Muntenia, Dobrudja, and Moldavia; in 1912, data for Caliacra and Duroster in Dobrudja are not included. For 01d Kingdom plus Bessarabia, Transylvania, Banat, and ‘Crisana-Maranuresh. Data not available; Yugoslavia was part of Austria-Hungary until its independence was proclaimed, Dec. 1,. 1918, Excludes Finland, shown separately above. Data not Fvailebie; Russian revolution broke out, Mar. 12, 1917. Excludes aboriginals. Source: Compiled from official yearbooks and vital statistics reports for each country, and from selected secondary sources. See complete bibliography on p. 293. INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS } TABLE V.—CRUDE DEATH RATES: 45 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1912-1919 (Exclusive of stillbirths. Rates are the number of deaths reported per 1,000 population) _ Country 1912 1013 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 | 1919 Hg { oh i AFRICA : Fxaypt? Wess s uae severe ay 24.5 25.4 27.0 28.0 29.8 29.5 39.6 29.4 Union of South Africa: ; ; BITOPEanSs see ueeseresss 10.3 10.3 9.5 10.3 | 10.2 10.3 17.6 11.9 ¥i Non-Europeans® essesssens 8.9 10.4 9.3 10.0 10.4 9.8 RR.2 13.5 x AMERICA EE Canada®s sce vnanvs inne 412.9 13.4 12.6 12.4 13.2 12.4 516.6 614.6 Yukon and N. We Terre... —_— — — — — — — ps ichignited States”. .c.cso eae 13.6 13.8 13.3 13.2 13.8] . 14.0 18.1 12.9 (®) ®) (5) 2) (3) %) (®) (®) Fh 32.4 28.4. 32.2 25.2 26.8 24.7 31.9 37.6 | Chosen (HOra amir anno nes 16.0 18.0 19.3 21.1 22.3 24.1 30.7 22.9 ia,? ° British (inc. BITE Yuwie ssn vie wimiae ce un 29.7 28.7 30.0 29.9 29.1 32.7 5582.0 35.9 Japan (Proper)..ecee... oe 219.7 19.3 20.4 19.9 R1.3 R1.3 R6.3 RR.4 Me1ayA. ea vrernniaiasanes (3%) (10) (2S) (3°) (30) (20) 3%) (20) Straits Settlements... 029-0 34.9 34.1 29.1 30.60 = 37.0 43.8 33.0 Federated Malay States.. (3°) (*) (20) (*) *3 (*) (*) (2) Unfederated Malay StsSe.. -— —— —r— Cyd wo == re — Netherlands East Indies: HITODEaNE a sssvsssrasss] 1 (2D) (2°) (1°) (10) (20) az15.4| (®) (3%) Java and Madura: BUIOPEaNSe cee sssoessses (20) (39) (37) (2%) (29) 3215.5 =°) (29) Palestinesecesecsessoscsce —_— —— — —_— — a —— ne "EUROPE BE Aastrial®, vcvevecsonses 18.0 18.2 18.2 Aled 1499.40 1423.0 1425.5 20.5 EE Belriums ease rsronssesons 15.0 14.7 dsxey..7 5775.1 1817.1 1815.5) 28 1720.8 15.1 BAL aariat®., vara es isin 20.6 29.0 20.7 19.9 20.8 21.2 32.0 20.2 Czechoslovaki@esesssseses (32) (3%) (2°) (3°) (10) (0) (1%) (1%): Denmark (ex. Faroe Is.) 13.0 12.5 12.5 12.8 13.4 13.2 13.0 13.0 Elrel®,. i ices 16.2 16.8 16.1 17.5 16.5 16.9 17.5 18.0 England and WaleSe...e... 13.4 13.8 14.0 2035.1 2033.6 2013.3 2016.5 20313,5 ES PONInZ es cesnnnnssve isi (21) (21) (21) {32) (22) (22) (2%) (31) ETInland®2, . ve vivaae vison 16.3 16.1 15.6 15.9 16.5 17.7 28.5 18.9 Frances, cocesrv vanes 17.5 17.5 20 27.1 2026.2)" 1 "i: %%pa 2021.6 2023.3 19.0 GeTmBNY®2seuassarsrarsens 15.6 15.0 19.0 2021.4 2019.2] 20 '242p,0 20 2434.0 20 2875,5 Greece. s vess.. cease cesses = -_— —— pte == — PEs = Banzaryet.. Jislidin ns sone 22.2 22.2 22.3 23.7 20.1 0.6 26.3 20.0 Ee ene arn verane 13.6 12.2 16.2 15.5 14.7 12.2 15.5 12.6 Ireland (inc. Eire and Northern Ireland)e..... 16.5 17.2 16.5 17.8 16.7 17.0 18.4 18.1 Tbaly.e,veassiss AA 18.0 18.7 17.8 2000.1) #.02%02,3 2025.9 2035.2 18.7 BatviaR?. , le esne saison (27) (27) (27) (27) (27) (27) (27) (27) ‘Lithuania? RT (28) (28) (3%) 21.9 15.8 21.6 22.5 24.2 Malta and Gozo? le ltigein nis e 24.4 19.8 23.6 3020.9 23.2 ?2.4 3028.2 3025.4 Netherlands?®............ 12.3 12.3 12.4 12.5 13.0 13.2 17.2 13.8 Northern Ireland®i....... 17.4 18.1 17.4 15.5 17.2 17.4 R0.6 18.3 thik 3:5 13.3 13.5 13.4 13.8 13.6 17.2 13.8 Rl POLENA a sien vasnnvn rans (3?) (3%) (3?) (32) (32) (32) (32) 27.1 Portugal (inc. Islands).. 20.0 20.6 19.3 20.5 21.6 22.3 41.4 25.4 RAMBNIBe sess hs nines cs raines 8805 3338.1 3393.5 3394.5 — — " — 3430.1 E.5COL1aNAe ide sian ssn sisviess 15.3 15.5 15.5] 17.1 14.7 14.4 16.3 15.6 Spain? (inc. Teas) ess 21.1 22.1 22.0 22.0 21.3 22.3 33.6 22.9 SWOdETss ss ssa vsssrasnes 14.2 13.6 13.8 14.7 13.6 13.4 18.0 14.5 Switzerland... sesesvvses 14.2 14.3 13.8 13.3 13.0 13.7 19.3 ‘14.2 TnE0S1aViBessessrsrrsvaos (3%) (3%) {25) (25) 39) (3%) fd 21.9 : * EUROPE~ASIA © Rassia®® (proper)........ 18.6 319.8 (27) 7} (37) (37) (27) (27) OCEANTA Astralia®® veeeeeeeennnn 11.2 10.8 10.5 10.7 11.0 9.8 10.1 12.8 New Zealand (ex. Maoris). 8.9 9.5 9.3 9.1 9.6 9.6 14.8 . New Zealand (Maoris)e.... —_— — —_— —— — — fbi Fe See footnotes on pe. R79, * APPENDIX— GENERAL MORTALITY SR 279 Footnotes for table V RY # Provisional. ¢ 1 Includes deaths among passengers on SWigtoard and troops of the permanent garrison. 2 Registration is admittedly incomplete. (A 3 Data are for 8 provinces, excluding New Brunswick, Yukon and the Northwest Territories. \ A 4 5 Excludes also data for Province of Prince Edward Island. Nb o For year ending June 30. ) San ® Excludes also data for Province of Saskatchewan. wo 7 Data are for an expanding group of death-registration States. The year of admittance for States id constituting the death-registration area between 1912 and 1919 is given below: : 4 & . X 191R..... Massachusetts 1912—Con...... North Carolina + New Jersey (16 percent of State) / 3 District of Columbia . Utah , a Connecticut Kentucky : : New Hampshire Missouri hd New York 1913. ei lene «oo Virginia Sn Rhode Island 1914........... Kansas Vermont 1916..+4 ++ve +++ North Carolina Maine ‘ (100 percent) i Michigan : South Carolina 4 Indiana 1917.¢e........ Tennessee kal, California 1918....% +444. 111in0ls Colorado Louisiana | Maryland Oregon ; 1 Pennsylvania 1919......0.... Florida . Washington Mississippi 4 Wisconsin Delaware ! Ohio ‘3 Minnesota 2 Montana i . ! ® Prior to 1937, Burma was a Province in India. : 9 Data are for a registration area which includes about 98 percent of the total British territory, | 10 11 12 14 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 26 27 28 28 30 © 3% 32 and 75 percent of India proper. “5 Rate not computed because population base is not available. For absolute numbers, see table IV, p> 275. Excludes data for Cocos-Keeling and Christmas Islands where no registration office exists. Excludes deaths of unknown sex or country of birth. on Excludes data for Province of Burgenland. i Includes military deaths occurring in Austria plus prisoners of war and refugees. 1 Excludes, in addition to stillbirths, infants born alive but dying before registration of birth. Is Excludes deaths in 9 communes of Termonde, but computed on population which includes this area. Excludes deaths in 50 communes not under Belgian administration, but computed on popalesion which includes this area. Data are not strictly comparable from year to year because of territorial changes which took place during 1913-1915 and in 1919. (See footnote 8, table I.) Eire (Irish Free State) was part of Ireland until Dec. 6, 1921; rates available for this independent area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. ; (See also Northern Ireland.) iy. Includes those deaths in armed forces, which were registered with civil authorities. ov CAE Data not available; Estonia was part of Russia until its independence was recognized by bi the Treaty of Tartu, Feb. 2, 1920. 4/38 Finland was part of Russia until its independence was proclaimed, July 17, 1919; rates available for this independent area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. Unless otherwise specified, includes data for Alsace-Lorraine. ! Excludes deaths in Alsace-Lorraine, but computed on population which includes this area. Sk Excludes data for Alsace-Lorraine and that part of Posen taken by Poland. Data are for territory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. Data not available; Latvia was part of Russia until its independence was proclaimed, Nov. 18, 1918. Lithuania was part of Russia until its independence was recognized by Treaty of Peace, July 1%, ol 1920; rates available for this independent area are shown here separately for comparison with Sh those for later years. fi Data are for year ending Mar. 31; unless otherwise specified, population of garrison is excluded. : Includes also deaths in garrison but based on civilian population. j i Northern Ireland was part of Ireland until the independence of Eire was recognized, Dec. 6, 1921; rates available for the area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. (See also Eire.) Data not available; Poland was occupied by Austro-German forces, 1914-1918, and its independence was recognized by Treaty of Versailles, June 28, 1919. 280 : INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS Footnotes for table V—Continued 33 For 01d Kingdom, i.e., Provinces of Oltenia, Muntenia, Dobrudja, and Moldavia; in 1912, data for Caliacra and Duroster in Dobrudja are not included. 34 For 01d Kingdom plus Bessarabia, Translvania, Banat, and Crisana-Maramuresh. 38 Data not available; Yugoslavia was part of Austria-Hungary until its independence was proclaimed, Dec. 1,:1918., 36 Excludes Finland, shown separately above. 37 Data not available; Russian revolution broke out Mar. 12, 1917. 38 Excludes aboriginals. . Source: Based on deaths given in table IV and computed on populations from table I. BY } ¥ J i ¥ . ~ : { I fe : APPENDIX— GENERAL MORTALITY 281 . > : 7 ¥ 3 TABLE VI.—NUMBER OF DEATHS REPORTED UNDER 1 YEAR OF AGE: 45 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1912-1919 A (Exclusive of stillbirths) iN ! ’ Country 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 3 2 { A AFRICA \ i EoD saa os sa mn bmp en mei 20,852 20,202 19,588 20,378 21,655 19,091 19,663 16,564 + 4 Union of South "africa: A ita EUTOPEANS. +2 aneessinnss IR 3,641 3,815 3,461 3,492 3,545 3,269 | 3,412 3,250" Non—-Europeans...seeeessees ces ree eee — === rE =e Te en AMERICA Canal eee sss sis vain veinivinsvie sissies — ——— ————" are ee — Je mh Yukon and N. W. Terr......... — — — — —= — -— —_ United States®.....covrresvines = — = 77,578 82,734 | 126,950| 137,647 | 119,000 ASTA / wera BUTTS eh vans ies stiri n a have ad 3) (3) *) 3) (®) =) 2) {3¥ i COFLOT aes le wx oe miiwis shecniv 904 29,694 30,822 34,481 27,558 32,128 31,977 34,461 35,941 Chosen (Korea)... ecevvsosasins —_— —_— —_— —— — —— —— — a India, British (inc. Burma)..| 1,93%,361 | 1,926,612 | 2,001,988 | 1,821,732 | 1,793,734 | 1,929,491 | 2,252,034 | 1,618,799 J208N (DTODETY «oe mu re gid sieines 263,025 267,280 286,678 288,634 | 307,283 | 313,872| 337,919 | 303,202 | MBIAYA. oovivsrvnnrnnisssnanssien — — — — = = BE EN Straits Settlements ®........ . 5,817 5,813 6,04% 5,865 5,364 7,571 6,009 5,980 = Federated Malay States....... ores — i mr mes mre —— =r Unfederated Malay States... — ne — — — re — —_— Netherlands East Indies:® . # BUPOPEBNGe se vr sr siinssvnay . 547 520 577 542 515 559 636 461 Java and Madura® {Barcpesns) 435 409 463 432 415 440 498 356. 24 Palestine. cece esovsseesssssanse —-— —_— —_— _— — —_— —_— —_ EUROPE Vid BStriaTc. ene aeis aris sities — = 26,060 25,904 17,996 16,217 16,928 17,332 Belgium. .ooes auieie asin shee > 21,858 23,5181 ® °20, 333 815,544 ey1 558) 21a a713 3°71 577 13,589 Baraat. veda seni ve 24,589 i? Sil 25,781 16,004 11,572 13,652 17,117 Czechoslovakia. ..eeeeeeeenns (22 (32) (22) (3%) (*2) (22) (2% (323 Denmark (ex. Faroe Islands)... 6,961 6,667 7,146 7,008 5,380 6,295 Biredfun nil. nh Sak 5,813 6, 537 5, 602 5,756 5,R71 5,164 4,902 5,220 England and WaleS....oeeeees. . 82,779 95, 608 91,971 89,380 71,646 64,483 64,386 61,715 Estonia’ t.. bi fens yaaa (2%) (14 4 (*%) (3%) 29) (1%) (4) Finland?S.. cose vieresrs ales a 10,003 9,839 9,124 9,204 8,767 9,582 9,161 8,598 France®....... Smee aoa Reales 84,340 90,154 84,600 69,100 48, 000 52,000 66,000 61,700 GRYTANY Care coe raisin enenn eas 275,571 ' 277,196 207,382 | R31,804| 152,862 17147) 244 17142) 694 18150) 242 GrEECC aesesssssssssssssnssns " —— — —_— — res —-— Spans FURZBLT Te cosine vs wine Posh . es —— _— —— —— — — 55,716 Teoland. ova ve susivainnes Curses 149 149 213 162 193 147 113 165 Ireland (inc. Eire and : Northern Ireland)...... ie 8,727 9,721 8,622 8,753 7,627 7,583 7,540 7,841 FEAT ria ade sas wales sinue Kids vel > 20 26 0 = 2 (2) *°) 1atvia® es.en nes Sais dennh eal] (RS 2: 21 21 21 21 (21) (31) 4 A IRLEEs vars nen svar (22) (22) £22) (22) (22) (22) 27) (22 Malta and Gozo®3....... PEI 1,859 1,435 1,856 $22) 1,760 1,703 (2%) (®) Netherlands®. i.e vess teens A 14,814 15,866 16,769 14,529 14,590 15,075 15,560 13,835 Northern Ireland®®.......cc.es 2,914 3,184 3,020 2,997 2,356 2,419 2,638 2,621 NOTWEY a slviws is se = wiv winsininind vie wale 4,120] . 3,043 4,201 3,970 5's 909 4,091 3,995 3,676 / Eolendil. ou. i dh ae (2%) (*%) (35) (25) (25) (29) (285) 25) Portugal (inc. Islands)...... 3 a= 30,947 27,982 28,926 29,620 27,959 37,366 30,196 RAMBIELR biewis’s sens novels sie pian es 2658,420 26g2. 558 | 261,214 | . 2%63,532 = cere [18770 gas Scotland... cuore in iannnes ae 12,949 13,214 13,710 14,441 10,674 10,473 9,836 10,795 Spain® (inc. Islands).e.ese.. . 87,692 95,874 92,322 95,916 87,998 93,446 | 112,097 91,551 BWI, 4s eve aint ane eave 9,415 9,076 9,435 9,321 8,483 7,797 7,621 8,021 ; Switzerland... .oeeeeeennnnee ,8:647 8,615 © 7,990 6,797 5,779 5,705 6,403 5,944 t Yugoslavia®®..viversrrans sense (2) (28) (28) (28) (22) (28) (38) (3?) jo BUROPE-ASTA Fussia® (proper)e.eesssesesss (39) (2 {3%) (>) (32) (22) *) (20) OCEANTA Ea Sustyaiiadl.. oc... irene % 9,548 9,800 9,861 9,107 9,43 7,266 7,364 8,464 New Zealand (ex. Maoris)...... 1,409 1,653 1,456 1,394 1,446 1,360 1,252 1,108 } New Zealand (Maoris).eeeee.es. a nes nies EL Heal oi Lan) Awe See footnotes on p. R82. INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS Footnotes for table VI ht #Provisional. Data are for Egyptian population only in oVerHorates and chief towns of the Provinces. i 2Data are for an expanding group of birth-registration States. a between 1915 and 1919 is given below: The national birth-registration area bo was not established until 1915, and the year of admittance for States constituting the area ; 1915..... Connecticut 1917..... Indiana { Maine Kansas i Massachusetts Kentucky Bo Michigan North Carolina < Minnesota Ohio New Hampshire Utah i New York Virginia Pennsylvania Washington ¢ - Rhode Island Wisconsin Vermont 1919..... California District of Columbia Oregon 19166.... Maryland South Carolina (Rhode Island removed) ~~ 3prior to 1937, Burma was a Province in India. ~~ “Data are for a registration area which includes about 98 percent of the total British territory, and 2 75 percent of India proper. BExcludes data for Cocos-Keeling and Christmas Islands where no registration office exists. ®Includes all deaths under 2 years of age, and excludes those of unknown sex or country of birth. Eh 7Bxcludes data for Province of Burgenland. & ®Excludes, in addition to stillbirths, infants born alive but dying before registration of birth. ~9Excludes data for 9 communes of Termonde. ~ 10Excludes data for 50 communes not under Belgian administration. hy 11pata not strictly comparable from year to year because of territorial changes which took place ie during 1913-1915 and in 1919. (See footnote 8, table I.) ~ 12pata not available; Czechoslovakia was officially recognized as a Republic by the Treaty of St. Germain, Sept. 10, 1919. 13gire (Irish Free State) was part of Ireland until Dec. 6, 1921; data available for this independent area Jaa here separately for comparison with those for later years. (See also Northern Ireland. 14Data not available; Estonia was part of Russia until its independence was recognized by Treaty of ¥ Tartu, Feb. 2, 1920. \ ny 16 inland was part of Russia until its independence was proclaimed, July 17, 1919; data available for Fit this independent area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. 18Unless otherwise specified, includes deaths in Alsace-Lorraine. 175xcludes deaths’ in Alsace-Lorraine. 18xcludes deaths in Alsace-Lorraine and that part of Posen taken by Poland. 1%Data are for territory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 20 pbsolute figures are not available from published sources, but infant mortality rates will be found Fa in table VII, p. 283. I 2lpata not available; Latvia was part of Russia until its independence was proclaimed, Nov. 18, 1918. Jk 22Data not available; Lithuania was part of Russia until its independence was recognized by Treaty 3 of Peace, July 12, 1920. ~~ 23Data are for year ending Mar. 31. 24Northern Ireland was part of Ireland until the independence of Eire was recognized, Dec. 6, 1921.5 2 data available for the area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. (See also Eire.) 2BData. not available; Poland was occupied by Austro-German forces, 1914-1918, and its independence was ; recognized by Treaty of Versailles, June 28, 1919. 2CFor 01d Kingdom, i.e., Provinces of Oltenia, Muntenia, Dobrudja, and Moldavia; in 1912, data for Caliacra and Duroster in Dobrudja are not included. ~~ 27For 01d Kingdom plus Bessarabia, Transylvania, Banat, and Crisana-Maramuresh. : 28Data not available; Yugoslavia was part of Austria-Hungary until its independence was proclaimed, Dec, 1, 1918. 29Fxcludes Finland, shown separately above. 3%Data not available; Russian revolution broke out, Mar. 12, 1917. 3lpxcludes aboriginals. Ea Compiled from official yearbooks and vital statistics reports for each country, and from selected secondary sources. See complete bibliography on p. R93. Source: AFRICA sesscscssesccssscsnns Yukon and N. W. JETT + wicusn nce End ted: StatesP.... desi hiss cree j ASIA BOLTS os sainnsisamnt sms sins sns ne CEYLON conser sennvicsisens ons imme Chosen (Koren). .- sas smssvss sins ~ India,* British (inc. Burma)... St dapan (proper). vec sss eves eens MB Yaya. ois s'sisvsivivnnsisneains eine eine ~ Straits Settlements®.......... Federated Malay States........ ~ Unfederated Malay States. ae ay Netherlands Fast Indies:® AE TUNOPBANS pve ts adie sis en on vi ninins Java and Madura® (Buropeans).. EO PalBSTiNIB. eis eisin's sive nansnens vn EUROPE rR BELGIUM. 4 svueeernenntncnnnenn BE garialye. ssa snnsnsisioe ~ Czechoslovakia.............bn.. Denmark (ex. Faroe Islands).... Eire? Caine wv eile aiinie siete uitiaidie $ ~ Finland'® teetecesetitenentaanns Si iBrancel,,.. ead ahs snail ee SS CBTIANYL. i hee ata as eve 2 CTBBCE. pulaiivia soins snsvnnssseenede it Teeland.eevuseeesnernnneisennes Ireland (inc. Eire and Northern Ireland). ..ceseees..’ CIHALY. eee Latvia BCT ERERE REET E PEPER Lithuania?! Ri eine wie ae ele bine vinieie alta and 1007072, cue su sinners : Northern Trelend®i... cosisves NOTWAY, seve ruernnnecnnnindinne. Poland®* isle sie sisiclnninie oie viv isin nln ee Portugal (inc. Islands). cesses 5 i Rumania.......ccooeiiiieneiennn. 4 AScopaand: crimes va sued area sen sive Spain® (inc. Islands)essv-seoes- SWedeNseeeeeceseectcncerencnnnes Switzerland........o.euiecenns Tugoslavia®” ooo x 0 sieseis elu e son w tine EUROPE—~ASTA i Russia? (Proper). ...ceeeneesss ealand (ex. gm i 284 J x INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS Footnotes for table VII #Provisional. Data are for Egyptian population only in governorates and chief towns of the Provinces. 2The national birth-registration area was not established until 1915. For 1915-1919, data are for an expanding group of States. The year of admittance for States constituting the area between 1915 and 1919 is given below: 1915..... Connecticut : 1917..... Indiana Maine Kansas Massachusetts Kentucky Michigan North Carolina Minnesota Ohio New Hampshire Utah New York Virginia Pennsylvania Washington Rhode Island Wisconsin Vermont 1919..... California District of Columbia : * Oregon - South Carolina 1916..... Maryland (Rhode Island removed) 3Prior to 1937, Burma was a Province in India. “Data are for a registration area which includes about 98 percent of the total British territory, and 75 percent of India proper. SExcludes data for Cocos—Keeling and Christmas Islands where no registration office exists. ®Includes all deaths under 2 years of age, and excludes those of unknown sex or country of birth. "Excludes data for Province of Burgenland. ®Excludes , in addition to stillbirths, infants born alive but dying before registration of birth. 8Excludes infant deaths in 9 communes of Termonde. 10Excludes infant deaths in 50 communes not under Belgian administration. 11Data are not strictly comparable from year to year because of territorial changes which took place during 1913-1915 and in 1919. (See footnote 8, table I.) 12pata not available; Czechoslovakia was officially recognized as a Republic by the Treaty of St. Germain, Sept. 10, 1919. (See footnote 9, table I.) 13Eire (Irish Free State) was part of Ireland until Dec. 6, 1921; rates available for this independent area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. (See also Northern Ireland.) 14pata not available; Estonia was part of Russia until its independence was recognized by Treaty of Tartu, Feb. 2, 1920. 18Finland was pars of Russia until its independence was proclaimed, July 17, 1919; rates available for this independent area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. 18Unless otherwise specified, includes data for Alsace~Lorraine. 17Excludes infant deaths in Alsace-Lorraine.’ 18gycludes data for Alsace-Lorraine and that part of Posen taken by Poland. 19Data are for territory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 2%Data not available 3; Latvia was part of Russia until its independence was proclaimed, Nov. 18, 1918. 21pata not available; Lithuania was part of Russia until its independence was recognized by Treaty of Peace, July 12, 1920. : 22pata are for year ending Mar. 31. ’ 23Northern Ireland was part of Ireland until the independence of Eire was recognized, Dec. 6, 1921; rates available for the area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. (See also Eire.) 24Dpata not available; Poland was occupied by Austro-German forces, 1914-1918, and its independence was recognized by Treaty of Versailles, June 28, 1919. 2Bpor Old Kingdom, i.e., Provinces of Oltenia, Muntenia, Dobrudja, and Moldavia; in 1912, data: for Caliacra and Duroster in Dobrudja are not included. 2Spor 01d Kingdom plus Bessarabia, Transylvania, Banat, and Crisana-Maramuresh. ~ 27Data not available; Yugoslavia was part of Austria-Hungary until its independence was proclaimed, Dee. 1, 1918. 2%fxcludes Finland, shown separately above. 2°Data not available; Russian revolution broke out, Mar. 12, 1917. 30Excludes aboriginals. Source: Based on deaths given in table VI and computed on live births from table II. APPENDIX—NUPTIALITY 285 TABLE VIII.—NUMBER OF MARRIAGES REPORTED: 45 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1912-1919 Country 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 AFRICA / BEYDE ssieirs ve tines o sials miaeinle sul —_— As iy on om set Si as Union of South Africa: PUTODEANS os essere oshinuinia 12,561 12,076 10,756 11,504 11,834 12,350 11,889 15,513 Non-Buropeans’...... ee anit 12,116 11,684 12,464 11,126 12,978 13,183 11,925 12,994 AMERICA Canada. ess vais ion sn seals wipes 368,247 69,028 64,153 60,097 62,220 58,629 451,824 566,823 Yukon and N. 'W, Terre.«sssces — sn Sn hin so to —— mi United States. vu: sina sssinn vs 1,004,602 | 1,021,398 | 1,025,092 | 1,007,595 | 1,075,775 | 1,144,200 | 1,000,109 | 1,150,186 ASIA me, Sie sn na pala arm % at o ; (7) (7) (7) (7 (7) 9 ETLONY nts s + + onieirniies xn rains y 553 23,428 29,265 24,969 25,201 22,186 18,869 Chosen lores). oven erage 122,798 | 132,741 | 116,854 | 103,771 | 128,794 | 138,129 146,110 143,761 India, British (inc. Bu een — ——— BR —_— —— —_— —— —— Japan (proper)...s=eessee. ews 430,422 | 431,287 | 452,932 | 445,210 | 433,680 | 447,970 500,580 | 480,136 Malaya. esesessesssrzansosvisine —_— — — —_— —_— — RL Straits Settlements®......... 1,527 1,617 1,511 ar —— ms aie ad Federated Malay States....... -—— ——— —e —— a hen — JE Unfederated Malay States..... —— _— — — meee i it RRS Netherlands East Indies: ' PUPODOANS sass svn svn ses sslians 1,269 1,397 1,422 1,501 1,415 1,646 1,587 1,750 Java and Madura (Buropeans).. 1,085 1,156 1,177 1,279 1,202 1,433 1,359 1,500 Pa loStaANG esse vnsvvss sins iis — in — Sait wi irs po da EUROPE Austrial®..... ies aire aid Nats wath 49,466 45,678 46,981 29,245 27,879 30,068 40,892 75,822 BELEIUM. ovueneneunnnnnnannn 61,278 61,096 | 141,095 24,654 30,458 32,974 | 243,558 97,084 Balaorial®. cus. sens navies sass . 24,734 23,752 53,211 27,216 10,200 20,577 45,271 75,344 ig Ie va erlier tins 70,719 | 67,381 55,455 35,189 30,697 34,663 81,5174] '115,336 Denmark (ex. Faroe Islands) -- 20,537 20,463 19,757 18,985 21,071 20,810 22,976 25,073 Bare es nh ies as svn y . 15,814 15,022 16,193 16,282 15,207 14,201 14,773 17,201 England and Wales............. Te i 294,401 | 360,885 279,846 | 258,855 | 287,165 | 369,411 DE OT a ES soe s sawn aie staale h {28 *% (TSY Finland? 0c. evens ain iatin ies 18,653 18,923 18,381 17,785 19,297 20,004 15,008 18,831 FIONI0C aulsniens ss 2 0s sus senna 325,72 | 312,036 | 205,000 86,000 | 185,000 | 180,000 | 202,000 552,683 GeTHaNg Snes nvies rine sat nase 523,491 513,283 460,608 278,208 279,076 | 1°308,446 | 1°352,543 | 2°844,339 GreecCeeveecsesencccsnes seeses —-— —— —— — — —_— — Hungary®*..... aie en asso i 69,086 69,188 58,057 27,005 28,694 34,907 59,431 | 160,550 Iceland gibson) ! 497 494 ’493 607 ’574 ’552 "600 ’620 Ireland (inc. Eire and 3 Northern Ireland)...... estas 23,283 22,266 23,695 24,154 22,245 21,073 22,570 27,193 EDLY, o Soles es iainn ens dnains disiivs 264,657 | 264,235| 252,187 | 185,675 | 105,882 98,920 | 107,131 | 332,576 Fotyin22. seid canes AES (2%) 22 (22 (2%) (2%) (22) (3%) (2%) Tithusnia®3....q¢+ Fv oh rds £22) (23 {233 4,373 7.127 6,945 9,552 16,774 i Malta and GozoP%........... ae 1,016 1,029 1,235 1.121 1,482 1,784 1,496 1,642 Netherlands... .. coe: elvan 91,320 95,766 84,202 84,579 93,338 98,088 98,282 | 115,541 Sept Treland®3. Yes eunss 408 api a 28 Sk 5s 6,872 7,797 9,992 OFWAY ess sssnassnassassssnsssgs 3 y : ,94 7s 18,086 20,019 15,379 POlaner-, onveesinnnsasns ae (2%) (2%) (2%) (29) 26) 26 26 335,700 Portugal (inc. IslandS)....... 44,126 35,057 36,548 35,885 35,896 33,426 30,236 46,959 ROMenisy «selec ervey sesevves | -2762,400 || 2767,450 | 12765,325] 2756,314 — — —- | 22197.997 SeoBTandy. si coilies raisins cows 32,506 33,676 35,028 36,233 31,419 30,421 -34,529 44,060 Spain (inc. Islands)..e..eo..- 143,820 | 137,604 | 133,716 128,269 136,688 | 142,118 | 141,353 | 167,395 Wades ss ve cmsies sens edhdny an 33,149 33,3R9 32,932 33,182 35,024 35,504 38,645 40,289 Switzerland... ...cnerais saree & 3 pe Zp 19,527 22,251 23,254 26,117 30,751 YOEOS1aVIa. dis ceares sone Saeeey (22) (%2) (2%) £29) 225,605 EUROPE-ASTA Russia® (proper).......... ... | %933,270| 1,053,808 (32) zy) (31) (31) (3) {31) OCEANIA . Australia®®......... Fee veile 42,147 41,594 43,311 45,224 40,289 33,666 33,141 40, 540 New Zealand = Negria) sesnee L 9,149 8,813 9,80 10,028 8,R13 6,417 6,227 9,519 New Zealand (Maoris)eceeeeces. — — ne — —— —— —_— —_— See footnoes on p. R86. i PIs A ; i INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS ’ Footnotes for table VIII . #Provisional. JRegistration is admittedly incomplete. 2Data are for 8 provinces, excluding New Brunswick, Yukon and the Northwest Territories. 3Excludes also data for Province of Prince Edward Island. “For year ending June 30. SExcludes also data for Province of Saskatchewan. SEstimated data. “Prior to 1937, Burma was a Province in India. ®Data are for General and Kandyan marriages only. °Data are for Mohammedan marriages in Malacca only. 10gxcludes data for Province of Burgenland. 1lpycludes data for 9 communes of Termonde. 12pxcludes data for 50 communes not under Belgian administration. x 13Data are not strictly comparable from year to year because of territorial changes which during 1913-1915 and in 1919. (See footnote 8, table I.) 3 14pata are for Bohemia and Moravia only, excluding Vitorez and Valtice. The Republic was recognized until Sept. 10, 1919. (See footnote 9, table I.) 16fire (Irish Free State) was part of Ireland until Dec. 6, 1921; data available for this independent took place | not area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. (See also Northern Ireland.) 18Data not available; Estonia was part of Russia until its independence was recognized by the Treaty of Tartu, Feb. 2, 1920. 27Finland was part of Russia until its independence was proclaimed, July 17, 1919; data available for this independent area are shown here separately for comparison with those for ’1adfr years. 180nless otherwise specified includes data for Alsace-Lorraine. 19Fxcludes marriages in Alsace-Lorraine. 20Excludes data for Alsace-Lorraine and that part of Posen taken by Poland. 21pata are for territory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 22Data not available; Latvia was part of Russia until its independence was proclaimed, Nov. 18, 1918. 231ithuania was part of Russia until its independence was recognized by Treaty of Peace, July 12, 1920; j data available for this independent area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. . 24Data are for year ending Mar. 31. 2BNorthern Ireland was part of Ireland until the independence of Eire was recognized, Dec. 6, 1921; data available for the area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. (See also Eire.) 26Data not available; Poland was occupied by Austro-Gemman forces, 1914-1918, and its independerice was recognized by Treaty of Versailles, June 28, 1919. 27For 01d Kingdom, i.e., Provinces of Oltenia, Munters, Dobridga, and Moldavia; in 1912, Caliacra and Duroster in Dobrudja are not included. 28For 01d Kingdom plus Bessarabia, Transylvania, Banat, and Crisana-Maramuresh. data for -®°Data not available; Yugoslavia was part of Austria-Hungary until its independence was proclaimed, Dec. 1, 1918. 30Excludes ’Finland, shown separately above. Data not available; Russian revolution broke out, Mar. 12, 1917. 32Excludes aboriginals. Source: Compiled from official yearbooks and vital statistics reports for each country, and from selected secondary sources. See complete bibliography on p. R93. ; APPENDIX— NUPTIALITY 287 TABLE IX.~ CRUDE MARRIAGE RATES: 45 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1912-1919 (Rates are the number of marriages Teportey per 1,000 total population) Country 1912 | 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 '| 1918 1919 AFRICA BRIDE INS ve ns sas one shy wins SA A eee Be i= ee gs iE = Gi =a id Union of South Africa: 4 BUropeansS.cecescesssscscensces iaisien wasinies vu 9.6 9.1 7.9 8.3 8.4 8.6 8.4 9.R NOT BUTrOpeans™ cu or sss sen snssvvsrinsmnns 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.5 AMERICA CANBARE. Sis cs os wien sv wnin'e's Hass wininimials so 0 in ee 39.9 9.5 8.6 7.9 8.2 7.6 46.7. 59.2 Yukon and Northwest Territories........-.. —— — — — —_— —— — — hn DO er OR RE 10.5 10.5 10.3 10.0 10.6 11.1 9.7 13.0 ASIA ITT Cole via vive sla os wine witin 20 Fal nigh vase iw bikin we win (7) (%) (7) (7) (7) (7) (7) (7) CETLONB, sven sins ¥'s wan son baad nissan somes 5.6 6.2 5.8 7.1 5.9 5.8 5.0 ‘4.2 Chosen (Koren)... veces vies oom Chea sie 3.3 8.5 73 6.4 Tl Bed 8.6 8.4 India, British (inc. Burma).....ce.... Es NL — — sn — = ru nr Japan (proper). veces sins vine vs saeie ins niaiie 8.2 8.1 8.4 8.1 7.8 8.0 8.3 8.4 Malaya.eeeeseerocnsscanenes ceesassssense ves - — — m= —_— —— —— —_— Straits Settlements®.....}i..se ssa veins 11.9 12.4 11.3 re —-— - —_— — Federated Malay States....ccoecvceeeeiae . —— — —t— a — — —_— — Unfederated Malay States...e.ccovveennnns — —— — — — f——- ——— me Netherlands East Indies (Buropeans).......| (*) (32) 30 (323 (2) 15.9422) I) Java and Madura (Buropeans)......eeeee.o.| (*) {33 (2°) {29 (10 12.945 (2) (1°) Palestine ..csvsscoseseserss viens dine eine aisieinie —_ — zie RE re = — a EUROPE ; ANSE at odes nena anna ren sew le Fall 7.0 7.2 4.6 4.4 4.8 6.6 12.4 Bel giUMay. un vnsiss vosis vane savoins ss smnsitonsie 8.1 8.01 25.3 5.2 4.0 4.3] 5.81 12.8 FIAT aEE, Lc. vi tases vara ns vaste Shoes 5.6 5.7 12.6 6.4 2.2 4.4 9.6 15.8 B76 CHOTLOVANEB. is nish hn ns dnb snennn ans nersg C2) {309 (13) (2%) (1°) 3°) (3) (19) Denmark (ex. Faroe Islands).e...eeeecenss x 7.5 722 6.9 8.5 7.2 7.0 746 8.2 RET RE I See Te 5.1 4.8 5.2 5.3 5.0 4.6 4.8 5.5 England and Wales. ..srvisurdonresnnossnsse 7.8 7.8 8.0 9.7 7.5 6.9 747 9.9 EE Eon a Cin. avin evs nina senna vin ieee il SEC) (38) *%) (1%) (1%) (3€) (2%) (3%) FINIand i? Couns sesninsininenaione a ads 3 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.4 5.8 6.0 4.5 5.7 TBE. sion es vss init 44 ain 50m nn cleaves kr 7.8 7.5 4.9 2.1 5.1 4.5 5.2 14.5 GRYTBNYE® eo sv'snsssinssnsns one ay : 7.9 7.7 6.8 4.1 4.11 °a.6| ¥5.5 2073.4 BTEECE vn esse ans vnnsnessmesnese ew oinleiniiin tains fe as HE es ——— te aE Ey pal BUNEATYE Ye sieve sissies se vis nnn nials ions visiiheis 8.9 8.8] 743 3.4 3.6 4.4 7.5 20.4 COLA oa vinieis wn vss vn SR es as 5.8 5.7 5.6 6.8 6.4 6.0 6.5 6.7 Ireland (inc. Eire and Northern Ireland).. 5.3 5.1 5.5 5.6 5.2 4.9 5.8 6.2 BENG Ew oirma bios v ails 6 Sal einns via sia ann esis sini 7.5 Zed 7.0 5.1 2.9 2.7 3.0 9.2 a NE PN SI TSR Sn E 22) (22) (37%) (22) (37) (32) (22Y (32) Lithuania®®, 2. ee cec nes ree shew eatenos J C22) (RR) (22) 272 3.6 3.5 4.5 7.8 Melba aNd BOZO rua ivsininn easiness dinis tins 4.7 4.8 5.7 5.1 6.7 Ta? 6.7 7:5 Nethoriands. «vases ssshsossnmns Se 15.2 15.6 13.5 13.3 14.4 14.8 14.7 17.1 Northern Ireland®®......... am dna an 6.0 5.8 6.0 6.5 5.8 5.7 6.4 8.0 IN OTE Bas tines oss air 0a 5 4 4 wim ane wm wi Sh 6.1 6.2 6.4 6.4 6.9 7.1 7.8 5.9 BOA and.. - aise scone sisi wanna asinine sien ve E25) (ze) £28) (22) (2%) (22) (2%) 12.8 Portugal (inc. T51ands)..« snes cisions sos 7.4 5.9 6.1 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.0 7.8 ROMO Bene sono nnivivs ie hw ah Ba aie a 2 a 22pm 27g ol FR2Yg al BT Fe et ~--— [2213.5 Scotland... ces a snisanns Soi ands . 6.9 7:1 7.4 7.6 6.6 6.3 Tel) 9.1 Spain (ine. Islands)... peeve usivenna ee 7.3 6.8 6.5 6.2 6.5 6.8 6.8 7.9 EF COOT eels ss bs sina vials iv a oie s mann nis miei ius 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.8 6.1 6.1 6.7 8.9 Switzerland. ..s..«ssvssees Rs Pea ea 7.3 6.9 5.7 5.0 5.7 6.0 6.7 7.9 NV ASOSLAVLT se nine 24s visisis ad wasidmasnss roe so { E2) (2%) (22) (Be )sinl N20 (3%) {2%} 19.1 BUROPE-ASTIA Bassin? (proper). srs scvnsain rssesin See #5.5] #6.0] (31) (3%) (3%) (31) (3) (2Y) OCEANIA Buster ial, ci... andar sree ie 9.1 8.7 8.8 9.1 8.2 6.9 6.7 7.9 New Zealand (ex. Maoris)..c..essssesvvesivvs 8.8 8.2 8.5 9.1 7.3 5.8 5.6 8.4 New! Zealand (Maoris).. sec ssvsserensccsons — — —— — — — — oe See footnotes on p. R88. 746604 O - 47 - 20 - 288 ih. INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS Footnotes for table IX #Provisional. lRegistration is admittedly incomplete. ®Data are for 8 provinces, excluding New Brunswick, Yukon and the Northwest Territories. 3Excludes also data for Province of Prince Edward Island. “For year ending June 30. ®Excludes also data for Province of Saskatchewan. ®Based on estimated number of marriages. 7Prior to 1937, Burma was a Province in India. ®Data are for General and Kandyan marriages only. ®Data are for Mohammedan marriages in Melacca only. ' : 10pate not computed because population base is not available. For absolute numbers see table VIII, p. R85. 11Excludes data for Province of Burgenland. 12gxcludes data for 9 communes of Termonde. 13Excludes data for 50 communes not under Belgian administration. 14Data are not strictly comparable from year to year because of territorial changes which took place during 1915-1915 and in 1919. (See footnote 8, table I.) : 18Eire (Irish Free State) was part of Ireland until Dec. 6, 19R1; rates available for this independent are are Spe here separately for ‘comparison with those for later years. (See also Northern Ireland. 1pata not available; Estonia was part of Russia until its independence was recognized by the Treaty { «of Tartu, Feb. 2, 1920. 17Finland was part of Russia until its independence was proclaimed, July 17, 1919; rates available for this independent area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. 18nless otherwise specified includes data for Alsace-Lorraine. ¢ 1° Excludes marriages in Alsace-Lorraine, but computed on a population which includes this area. 2OExcludes data for Alsace-Lorraine and that part of Posen taken by Poland. 2lpata are for territory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 22Data not available; Latvia was part of Russia until its independence was proclaimed, Nov. 18, 1918. 23Lithuania was part of Russia until its independence was recognized by Treaty of Peace, July 12, 1920; rates available for this independent area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. 24pata are for year ending Mar. 31; rates are based on civilian population only. 2SNorthern Ireland was part of Ireland until the independence of Eire was recognized, Dec. 6, 1921; rates available for the area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. (See also Eire.) 2®Data not available; Poland was occupied by Austro-German forces, 1914-1918, and its independence was recognized by Treaty of Versailles, June 28, 1919. : 2?For 01d Kingdom, i.e., Provinces of Oltenia, Muntenia, Dobrudja, and Moldavia; in 1912, data for Caliacra and Duroster in Dobrudja are not included. 28por 01d Kingdom plus Bessarabia, Transylvania, Banat, and Crisana-Maramuresh. 29Data not available; Yugoslavia was part of Austria-Hungary until its independence was proclaimed, Dec. 1, 1918. : 30pxcludes Finland, shown separately above. 31pata not available; Russian revolution broke out, Mar. 12, 1917. 32Excludes aboriginals. Source: Based on marriages given in table VIII and computed on populations in table I. BIrOpeanS «ee « vis rines se vansan ea ~ Non-Europeans........eeeeeees poet ~ AMERICA Yukon and N._ We Terreasssseen li iil —— Ce United States?.....cieeiernns > 5 100,584 ASTA Burma® Pres aaaeas 3) lon eeessesssesnes 692 Sten REL i 5 9,127 India, British (inc. Burma)...| AE a Ai Japan (proper)..sssssssssseses , 59,992 ! Wires oven ssn niosswsnsasi] ail te Straits Settlements®......... 625 3 Federated Malay States....... ~ Unfederated Malay States..... ~ Netherlands East Indies: esbteesesscscscsses ~ Buropeans Java and Madura (Buropeans).. Palestine....ccceecnrienccanes EUROPE BNStriati. cvvva sinunnssnsnns ‘ Bed oiums sven renin sinvrvivesy Bulgaria...... ceeraseerannsen Czechoslovakia? ec eraser ssvs _ Denmark (ex. Faroe Islands)... England and WaleS......ecsnnes TABSEONIA Tes caver st vi virivsvsvn PINIanA® oo oenene vas eneeiivane Frances a dainle a a aS ae En Re } EBTOeCa. 4an nc kms suns winrar BE IRNEaTY IB. ov avis ssesiutnes Iceland....cecccssccconcccsnns Ireland (inc. Eire and - Northern Ireland).cceceeesss TEAlYe oecenssnvnnennnnannnens Latvial® eines vue ets neyo ny RIAthuEnTa eevee orrevornsney ~ Malta and GOZO..eeeececososcans Nethorlamdn ns ggrrsr riers (“Northern Treland'® ese nvs PCIand®®, . ec v dine nian RY, Fortiugsl (inc. Islands)....... or (inc. Islands).....c. 0s BH OWEHC cies ssa os sieinisinnss sunsinave Switzerland...........0000000n iin crecssnenatcaannns ¥ EUROPE-ASTA Russia (proper)............... OCEANIA Australia? IE SR ‘New Zealand 2? (ex. Maoris)... ¢ Hew Zealand (MBOTis)..eseeessss : See footnotes on pe R90. 290 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS Footnotes for table X #Provisional. Excludes data for Yukon and the Northwest Territories. Estimated data. SPrior to 1937, Burma was a Province in India. “Data are for General and Kandyan divorces only. Plata are for Mohammedan divorces granted in Malacca only. ®Excludes data for Province of Burgenland. Divorces include legal separations and annulments. "Data are for Bohemia and Moravia only, excluding Vitorez and Valtice. The Republic was not recognized until Sept. 10, 1919. (See footnote 9, table I.) ®Data not available; Eire (Irish Free State) was part of Ireland until Dec. 6, 1921. ®Data not available; Estonia was part of Russia until its independence was recognized by the Treaty of Tartu, Feb. 2, 1920. 10Finland was part of Russia until its Irileperdince was proclaimed, July 17, 1919; data available for this independent area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. 11pata for divorces on‘the civil register. This number is usually less than the actual number granted by the courts. Divorces granted are as follows: 1912..... 18,725 1915... 11,952 1918..... 9,841 1913..... 16,335 1916..... 4,923 1919..... 19,465 1914... ... 10,154 1917..... 8,907 12pata are for 87 departments, excluding 3 in Alsace-Lorraine. 13pata are for 77 departments. 14Tncludes Alsace-Lorraine. 18pata are for territory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 18pata not available; Latvia was part of Russia until its independence was proclaimed, Nov, 18, 1918. 17Data not available; Lithuania was part of Russia until its independence was recognized by Treaty of Peace, July 12, 1920. 18pata not available; Northern Ireland was part of Ireland until the independence of Eire was recognized, «Dec. 6, 1921. 29Data not available; Poland was occupied by Austro-German forces 1914-1918, and its independence was recognized by Treaty of Versailles, June 28, 1919. , *%For 01d Kingdom, i.e., Provinces of Oltenia, Muntenia, Dobrudja, and Moldavia; in 1912, data for Caliacra and Duroster in Dobrudja are not included. 2lpor 0ld Kingdom plus Bessarabia, Transylvania, Banat, and Crisana-Maramuresh. 22Tncludes annulments. 23pata not available; Yugoslavia was part of Austria-Hungary until its independence was proclaimed, * Dec. 1, 1918. 24pycludes aboriginals. 25Data for nisi decrees of divorce. Source: Compiled from official yearbooks and vital statistics reports for each country, and from se- lected secondary sources. See complete bibliography on p. 293. APPENDIX—DIVORCE be 291 TABLE XI.—CRUDE DIVORCE RATES: 45 SPECIFIED COUNTRIES, 1912-1919 (Rates are the number of divorces reported per 1,000 total population. Unless otherwise specified, rates refer to "divorce proper," excluding annulments and legal separations) Country : 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 AFRICA BEYPL seesesesvesonansvstisnnsannse Coil bares —— rm a wet. A, ———— ir SE Union of South Africa: ‘ BUT ODOANE vas i504 40 v2 sila s snin 5 fisoileie Suvi : N02 0.1 |-%i"9.p 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 Non-Europeans. ..c.eeeeeeeas siete sie vers erelece vinta —_— = —— == Ss a hed et AMERICA CBNBATY sols soso oitinin’s £ sason in sitet es oe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 Yukon and Northweet Territori€S.secceccsee -— —— — — — ——- — re Unitodi States... ...v eee esivi shen a EE 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 12 Tel 1.4 ASTA , I CAPRA i Lr ah Ra Lae Des Bee TR Gy Ceylon % esr Coss rs nsississnns minions norms 0.2 Chosen (Koren )s «sss essssnssnvsasosespeenes 0.6 0.7 L India, British (inc. BUIma)......e.ececeee ad 8 a is ey wey er ka Japan (proper)... «ce vessassnssinnsassnresin 1.2 1.1 1.1 1 13 1.0 1.0 1.0; MalayBeesessseesosesssessssosensessssaneen . —_— — ae —— Ee nat OE, ie Straits SettlementS®.......cevvevanansnes 4.3 4.8 4.7 sn tn BE, te as Federated Malay States......ccceceececcane —_— = i Es es te — a Unfederated Malay States.......ceceeeece. RA — —— tie af ret as — Netherlands East Indies (Europeans)...... (5) (5) (%) (%) (5) ( Java and Madura (Baropeans)..............| (8) {%) (S) {% {%) L252) (5) Palestine. coc esccecnesanscsrimranssanssions ns —_— — Sh ==. - EUROPE BUEETia, Lr. i ae a sissies ee mais ila — Rl 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0:7 BOLUM. sae shin cindiins sommsrannensinsonsns 0.2 0.2 dl = Sd a al 0.1 Bulgarid.eceeccccccccnces seis sissenive naive —— _— —_— -_— —_— — —_— Sige Czechoslovakia. .. «ve «vic va nmwsssnvessionwsas — — ree — — = i) (BY Denmark (ex. Faroe Islands)ececocoeeseecess 0.3 BEE Se crass sincera dionsmmeisnsennsitere 1 (2) England and WaleSe.eeceececsonaccnns essen 0.0 BEL Ona. vers aevnnsn momen unaionsinnisaneed (2 ) PInIandtl csi a dessa n aiden seins 0 11 12) 0 0 rm © ® » nN PranCe™ tee sss sssevss seven ain be eve ae alee a GETTIN ay sss sien nsne sss nein savin LB ECE. cis mes nes sso ssisiossisiasosiasionsssisnses AUNSAryEB LL Cy i iene ie ve wn ee re, pes dcelari@. cos seven siveenipivhveeses Bible ey 0. Ireland (inc. Eire and Northern Ireland).. oa a ne Seis —a Lod i Nah Bball. cceesscsonnsnnssnnsevsnsinsesvnssssse — =o ——n Hl de —— ME id Bava ale, Jive suitcase nm duain nie meee ‘ LitueniatZ. ii... oo beannnishies sansa ran i (2T) (37) (27) (27) 37) EG) A) Malta and GOZO. sees ssvessnncssenssesessss ——— er meet re ny AE Boil — NCEROTIaNASS: sss sas vs ssaiss sts a nsiress ues 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Northern Ireland 38... cue iverevsons oa). (28) (12) (12) (8) 2) (32) (28) (28) NOIWEY o's sides vile o's 55s sok nivia abo = 4a ain a's suas Son's 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Boland? B ac ir eas sin shrine sn saint e [LAB SC (32) (3°) (2°) a) |e) | 3 (2°) Portugal (inc. Islands). coccosv oes serine ee ed = . RUIMATIE A, oe ss ss ois ve danse samaninedoannnree| « 200.41 200.4 | 200.4120 4 Cn — Sen] HRT a AE BeotTond®R i vent can rniien basins i 0.1 0.1 0.1 0,1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2: at Spain (inc. I51ands)......cvsesnsssrianavan pd? we ARLE Ed ng Red Waal, LI SWOROTI, seinid asin s wane snd een Pepin sre SE aa 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 OWEEZOTLENA 5: svn son sss ns a nin a suisiv awn muilee 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 FUZ0S1avia®R. .. uu anerne isi va rns srnsinee 1 TY Ip (23) (RR): ABR) (RR). | (RR) [ (BB) aln(22) EUROPE-ASTA Bussin (proper). «es civsces snnsssasesinssnes —— ol Sis dy i ER Ta pi OCEANIA oh AStTaliR® sce. icv viiin sensi vs ars 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 New Zealand®? (ex. Maoris)............e...| 250.2] 250.2 | 250.2 250.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 New Zealand (Maori)... sees sss svnesins — — _— RA — — — —_— See footnotes on p. R92. 292 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS Footnotes for table XI s#Provisional. i 1Excludes data for Yukon and the Northwest Territories. 2Based on estimated number of divorces. 3Prior to 1937, Burma was a Province in India. “Data are for General and Kandyan divorces only. &Data are for Mohammedan divorces granted in Malacca only. te not computed because population base is not available. For absolute numbers, see table X, p. 289. 7Excludes data for Province of Burgenland. Rates include legal separations and annulments. ®Data not available; Eire (Irish Free State) was part of Ireland until Dec. 6, 1921. SData not available; Estonia was part of Russia until its independence was recognized by the Treaty of Tartu, Feb. 2, 1920. 19Finland was part of Russia until its independence was proclaimed, July 17, 1919; rates available for this independent area are shown here separately for comparison with those for later years. 1lpates for divorces registered; usually less than that for divorces granted. 12Data are for 87 departments, excluding 3 in Alsace-Lorraine. 13pata are for 77 departments. 141ncludes Alsace-Lorraine. 15pata are for territory defined by Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920. 18Data not available; Latvia was part of Russia until its independence was proclaimed, Nov. 18, 1918. 17Data not available; Lithuania was part of Russia until its independence was recognized by Treaty of Peace, July 12, 1920. 18Data not available; Northern Ireland was part of Ireland until the independence of Eire was recognized, Dec. 6, 1921. ; 1°Data not available; Poland was occupied by Austro-German forces, 1914-1918 and its independence was recognized by Treaty of Versailles, June 28, 1919. 2%For 01d Kingdom, i.e., Provinces of Oltenia, Muntenia, Dobrudja, and Moldavia; in 1912, data for Caliacra and Duroster in Dobrudja are not included. 2lFor 01d Kingdom plus Bessarabia, Transylvania, Banat, and Crisana-Maramuresh. 22Tncludes annulments. ?3pata not available; Yugoslavia was part of Austria-Hungary until its independence was proclaimed, Dec. 1, 1918. 24Excludes aboriginals. 25Rates for nisi decrees of divorce. Source: Based on divorces given in table X and computed on population primarily from table I. APPENDIX—BIBLIOGRAPHY AUSTRIA: Bundesamt fiir Statistik. Die bewegung der bevGlkerung in den jahren 1914 bis 1921. Wien, 1923. _. Statistisches handbuch fiir die Republik Osterreich, IT. jahrgang. Wien, Veilag des Bundesamtes fiir ~ Statistik in Kommission bel Karl Gerald's Sohn, 1921. . Statistisches handbuch fiir die Republik Osterreich, III. jahrgang. Wien, Veilag des Bundesamtes fiir "Statistik in Kommission bel Karl Gerald's Sohn, 1923. ___. Statistisches handbuch fiir den Bundesstaat Gsterreich, XV. jahrgang. Wien, Druck und verlag der Osterr. ~ Staatsdruckerei, 1935. Statistische Zentralkommission. Statistisches handbuch fiir die Republik Osterreich, I. jahrgang. Wien, Druck und Verlag der Usterr. Staatsdruckerei. AUSTRALIA: Minister of State for Home Affairs. Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics. Official year book of the Commonwealth of Australia, containing authoritative statistics for the period 1901-1914 and corrected statistics for the period 1788 to 1900. No. 8-1915. Melbourne, 1915. Minister of State for Home and Territories. Gommonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics. Population and vital statistics. Bulletin No. 38. Commonwealth demography, 1920 and previous years. Melbourne, Government Printer, 1921. __.+ Official year book of the Commonwealth of Australia, containing authoritative statistics ~ for the period "1901-1919 and corrected statistics for the period 1788 to 1900. No. 13-1920. Melbourne, 1920. Official year book of the Commonwealth of Australia, No. 15-1922. Melbourne, 1922. BELGIUM: Ministdre des Affaires Economiques. Office Central de Statistique. Annuaire statistique de la Belgique et du Congo Belge, 1942. Tome LXIV. Bruxelles, 1943. : Ministdre de l'Interieur. Annuaire statistique de la Belgique et du Congo Belge, quarante-~troisiéme année - 1912. Tome XLIIXI. Bruxelles, 1913. . Annuaire statistique de la Belgique et du Congo Belge, quarante~quatriéme année - 1913. Tome XLIV. Bruxelles, 1914. _» Annuaire statistique de la Belgique et du Congo Belge, quarante-cinquidme année - 1914. Tome XLV, Bruxelles, 1920. Ministdre de 1'Interieur et d'Hygiene. Annuaire statistique de la Belgique et du Congo Belge, quarante-sixiéme 4 cinquanti®me année-1915-1919. Tome XLVI: 1T€ partie, anndes 1914-1918; 2T€ partie - 1919. Bruxelles, 1922. + Annuaire statistique de la Belgique et du Congo Belge,cinquante et uniéme annee — 1920-1921, Tome XLVII. Bruxelles, 1923. BULGARIA: Direction Générale de la Statistique. Annuaire statistique du Royaume de Bulgarie, V - XIV années, 1913-1922. Sofia, Imprimerie de 1'Etat, 1924. : Annuaire statistique du Royaume de Bulgarie, XXXII annee, 1940. Sofia, 1940. CANADA: Department of Trade and Commerce. Dominion Bureau of Statistics. The Canada year book, 1945. The official statisti- cal annual of the resources, history, institutions and social and economic conditions of the Dominion. Ottawa, Edmond Cloutier, 1945. \ 293 BYE INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS x ~ CANADA—Continued { f A J Minister of Trade and Commerce. Dominion Bureau of Statistics. The Canada year book, 1920. Ottawa, F. A. Acland, id Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1921. } ! __. Vital Statistics Branch. Annual report on dissolutions of marriage (divorces) in Canada (exclusive of ~~ Yukon and the Northwest Territories), 1943. Ottawa, 1945. CEYLON: ) } Begtstrar-General. Vital Statistics, report of the Registrar-General of Ceylon for 1912. Colombo, 1913. _. Vital statistics, report of the Registrar-General of Ceylon for 1913. Colombo, 1914. . Vital statistics, report of the Registrar-General of Ceylon for 1914. Colombo, 1915. . Vital ‘statistics, report of the Registrar-General of Ceylon for 1915. Colombo, 1916. . Vital statistics, report of the Registrar-General of Ceylon for 1916. Colombo, 1917. i Vital statistics, report of the Registrar-General of Ceylon for 1917. Colom’~, 1918. . Vital statistics, report of the Registrar-General of Ceylon for 1918. Colombo, 1919. > . Vital statistics, report of the Registrar-General of Ceylon for 1919. Colombo, 1920. CZECHOSLOVAKIA : Office de Statistique. Manuel statistique de la République Tchécoslovaque, II. Prague, Libraire Depositaire, Bursik & Kohout, 1925. ' DENMARK Statistiske Departement. Statistisk aarbog, 1gde aargang,1913. Danmarks statistik. Kebenhavn, H. H. Thieles Bogtrykkeri, 1913. i __. Statistisk aarbog, 1g9de nargang, 1914, Danmarks statistik, Kegbenhavn, H. H. Thieles Bogtrykkeri, 1918. ; a . Statistisk aarbog, 1918. Danmarks statistik. Kgbenhavn, H. H. Thieles Bogtrykkeri, 1918. . Statistisk aarbog, 1921. Danmarks statistik. Kebenhavn, H. H. Thieles Bogtrykkeri, 1923. . Statistisk aarbog, 1940. Danmarks statistik. Kebenhavn, Bianco Lunos Bogtrykkeri a/s, 1940. EGYPT: Ministére des Finances. Departement de la Statistique Générale. Anmuaire statistique de 1'Egypte, 1915. 7M€ année. Le Caire, Imprimerie Nationale, 1916. . __« Annuaire statistique de 1'Egypte, 1918. Dixiéme année. Le Caire, Imprimerie Nationale, 1919. . . Annuaire statistique de 1'Egypte, 1921. Treiziéme année. Le Caire, Imprimerie Nationale, 1922, ) . ___» Annuaire statistique,1940-1941. 33°M€ anne. Le Caire, Imprimerie Nationale, 1942. "ENGLAND AND WALES: Board of Trade (in conjunction with Ministry of Labour and the Registrars-General). Statistical abstract for the United Kingdom for each of the fifteen years from 1911 to 1925. Seventieth number. London, His Majesty's Sta- tionery Office, 1927. ; Registrar-General. The Registrar-General's statistical review for England and Wales for the year 1921. {New annual Series No. 1.) Tables. Part I. Medical. Part IT. Civil. London, His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1923. ___. The Registrar-General's statistical review for England and Wales for the year 1939. (New annual series No. 19.) Tables. Part IT. Civil. London, His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1942. .. The Registrar-Ceneral's statistical review for England and Wales for the year 1940. (New anmial series ~~ No. 20.) Tables. Part I. Medical. Part II. Civil. London, His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1943. \ APPENDIX— BIBLIOGRAPHY - FINLAND: Statistiska Centralbyrdn. Statistisk arsbok for Finland. Ny serie, tionde argingen 1912. Senatens tryckeri, 191R. Statistisk &rsbok for Finland. tryckeri, 1914. > Statistisk &rsbok for Finland. Ny serie, tolfte argangen, 1914. tryckeri, 1915. . Statistisk 8rsbok for Finland. Ny serie, trettonde arpangen, 1915. tryckeri, 1916. Statistisk &rsbok for Finland. Ny serie, fjortonde argangen, 1916. tryckeri, 1917. Statistisk 8rsbok for Finland. Ny serie, femtonde argangen, 1917. tryckeri, 1918. on ____. Statistisk &rsbok for Finland. Ny serie, sextonde argangen, 1918. 1919. __ _______. Statistisk &rsbok for Finland. Ny serie, sjuttonde argangen, 1919. 1820. . Statistisk &rsbok for Finland. Ny serie, adertonde argangen, 1920. 1921. =f Btabtistisk &rsbok for Finland. Ny serie, nittonde argangen, 1921. 1971. = . Statistisk frsbok for Finland. Ny FRANCE: Bureau de la Statistique Generale. Statistique du mouvement de la population, annees 1914 a 1919. tome IIT. Minist®re du Travail, de l'Hygiene, de 1'Assistance et de la Prevoyance Sociale. du mouvement de la population, années 1920 a 1924. Nouvelle serie, tome IV. Direction de la Statistique Generale. Service Nationale des Statistiques. Mariages, divorces, naissances, decés. années 1939, 1940, 1941 et 1942. Imprimerie Nationale, 1945. GERMANY : Statistisches Amt. Statistisches jahrbuch fir das Deutsche Reich, 1912. Berlin, . Statistisches jahrbuch fiir das Deutsche Reich, 1913. Berlin, 1913. . Statistisches jahrbuch fur das Deutsche Reich, 1914. Berlin, 1914. Statistisches jahrbuch fiir das Deutsche Reich, 1915. Berlin, 1915. . Statistisches jahrbuch fur das Deutsche Reich, 1916. Berlin, 1916. . Statistisches jahrbich fur das Deutsche Reich, 1917. Berlin, 1917. Statistisches Reichsamt. Statistisches jahrbuch fiir das Deutsche Reich, 1921/22. . Statistisches jahrbuch fir das Deutsche Reich, 1937. Berlin, 1937, GREECE: Statistique Générale. Annuaire statistique de la Grece, 1930. Annee I. HUNGARY : Office Central Royal Hongrois de Statistique. Annuaire statistique Hongrois. Imprimerie de la Societe Anonyme Athenaeum, 1940. Nouveau cours XLVI, 1938. 295 Helsingfors, Kejserliga Ny serie, elfte argangen, 1913. Helsingfors, Kejserlinga Senatens Helsingfors, Kejserliga Senatens Helsingfors, Kejserliga Senatens Helsingfors, Kejserliga Senatens Helsingfors, Finlands Senats Helsingfors, Statsrddets tryckeri, Helsingfors, Statsrddets tryckeri, Helsingfors, Statsradets tryckeri, Helsingfors, Statsradets tryckeri, serie—XXXIT- ar 1934. Helsingfors, Statsrddets tryckeri, 1934. Nouvelle serie, Statistique Generale. Statistique Paris, Imprimerie Nationale, 1928. Statistique du mouvement de la population Nouvelle serie, tome XIX. Paris, 1912. Berlin, (1922. Athenes, Imprimerie Nationale, 1931. Budapest, 296 Be INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS ICELAND: Hagstofa. Mannfjoldaskyrslur, arin 1911-1915. Hagskyrslur Islands 24. Reykjavik, Prentad i Prentsmidjunni Guten- berg, 1921. . Mannfjoldaskyrslur, arin 1916-1920. Hagskyrslur Islands 56. Reykjavik, Prentad i Prentsmidjunni Guten- berg, 1926. i: INDIA (British): Commercial Intelligence Department. Statistical abstract for British India with statistics, where available relat- ing to certain Indian States from 1911-12 to 1920-21. Calcutta, Superintendent, Government Printing, 1928. IRELAND {Rive 3 General Register Office. Quarterly return of the marriages, births, and deaths registered in the Irish Free State by provinces, counties and by superintendent registrar districts, arranged by provinces and counties, 1922. Yo. R33 Dublin, 1922. IRELAND AND NORTHERN IRELAND: Registrar-General. ‘Forty-ninth detailed annual report of the Registrar-General for Ireland containing a general ab- stract of the nunber of marriages, births, and deaths registered in Ireland during the year 1912. Dublin, His Maj- esty's Stationery Office, 1913. . Fiftieth detailed annual report of the Registrar-General for Ireland containing a general abstract of "the number of marriages, births, and deaths registered in Ireland during the year 1913. Dublin,His Majesty's Sta- tionery Office, 1914. . Fifty-first detailed annual report of the Registrar-General for Ireland containing a general abstract ~ of the number of marriages, births, and deaths registered in Ireland during the year 1914. Dublin, His ilajesty's Stationery Office, 1915. _ ____ _. Fifty-second detailed annual report of the Registrar-General for Ireland containing a general abstract of the number of marriages, births, and deaths registered in Ireland during the year 1915. Dublin, His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1916. a . Fifty-third detailed annual report of the Registrar-General for Ireland containing a general abstract of the number of marriages, births, and deaths registered in Ireland during the year 1916. Dublin, His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1917. IL Fifty-fourth detailed annual report of the Registrar-General for Ireland containing a general abstract of the number of marriages, births, and deaths registered in Ireland during the year 1917. Dublin, His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1918. Fifty-fifih detailed annual report of the Registrar-General for Ireland containing a general abstract of ~ the number of marriages, births, and deaths registered in Ireland during the year 1918. Dublin, His Majesty's Sta- tionery Office, 1919. + Fifty-sixth detailed annual report of ‘the Registrar-General for Ireland containing a general abstract of "the number of marriages, births, and deaths registered in Ireland during the year 1919. Dublin, His Majesty's Sta- tionery Office, 1920. . The Registrar-General's statistical review for England and Wales for the year 1940. (New annual series No. 20.) Tables. Part IT. Civil. London, His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1944. ITALY: Istituto Central di Statistica. Annuario statistico italiano, 1941-XIX. Quarta serie, vol. VIII. Roma, Istituto Poligrafo dello Stato, 1941. » JAPAN 3 Cabinet Impérial. Bureau de la Statistique Generale. Départment Tupérial de Recensement. Résumé Statistique de 1'Bupire du Japdn, 29° année. Tokio, 4° année de Taisho, 1915. . . Résune statistique de 1'Empire du Japdn, 30® année. Tokio, 58 année de Taisho, 1917. Résuné statistique de 1'Empire du Japdn, 31° annde. Tokio, 6° année de Taisho, 1917. . i # APPENDIX—BIBLIOGRAPHY JAPAN=—Continued : .. Résumé statistique de 1'Bupire du Japon, 32° annde. Tokio, 7° annee de Taisho, C+ ___, PResuné statistique de 1'Empire du Japdn, 33€ année. Tokio, 82 année de Taisho, a A Résume statistique de 1'Empire du Japon, 34® année. Tokio, 9° année de Taisho, gan AL . Résumé statistique de 1'Empire du Japon, 35 année. Tokio, 10° année de Taisho, pnd Na © . Résumé statistique de 1'Empire du Japdn, 36€ annde. Tokio, 11© année de Taisho, LITHUANIA: 297 1918. 1919. 1920, 1921. 1922. Finansy Ministerija. Centralinis Statistikos Biuras. Lietuvos statistikos metra%tis, 1924-1926 m. Kaunas, Pirmoji Laida, 1927 m. MALAYA (Straits Settlements): Annual departmental reports of the Straits Settlements for the year 1912. Singapore, Government Printing Press, 1913. Annual departmental reports of the Straits Settlements for the year 1913. Singapore, Government Printing Press, 1914. Annual departmental reports of the Straits Settlements for the year 1914. Singapore; Government Printing Press, 1915. Annual departmental reports of the Straits Settlements for the year 1915. Singapore, Govermment Printing Press, 1916. Annual departmental reports of the Straits Settlements for the year 1916. Singapore, Government Printing Press, 1917. Annual departmental reports of the Straits Settlements for the year 1917. Singapore, Government Printing Press, 1918. . Annual departmental reports of the Straits Settlements for the year 1918. Singapore, Government Printing Press, 1919. Annual departmental reports of the Straits Settlements for the year 1919. Singapore, Government Printing Press, 1920. . MALAYA (Federated Malay States): Malayan Civil Service. The census of British Malaya (The Straits Settlements, Federated Malay States and protected States of Johore, Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan, Trengganu and Brunei), 1921. Printed by Waterlow and Sons, Limited; London, Dunstable and Warford, 1922. MALTA AND GOZO: Colonial Office. Colonial reports, annual No.854. Malta, report for 1914-15. Sha ....» Colonial reports, annual No. 1004. Malta, report for 1918-19. Malta blue book for the year 1917-18. Malta, Government Printing Office, 1919. : Reports on the working of Government Departments during the financial year 1911-12. Malta, Government Printing Office, 1912. Reports on the working of Govérmment Departments during the financial year 1912-15. Malta, Government Printing Office, 1913. : Reports on the working of Government Departments during the financial year 1913-14. Malta, Government Printing . Office, 1914. Reports on the working of Government Departments during the financial year 1915-16. Malta, Government Printing Office, 1917. Reports on the working of Government Departments during the financial year 1916-17. Malta, Government Printing Office, 1918. 298 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS NETHERLANDS Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. dJaarcijfers voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden. Het Rijk in Europa, 1919. 's Gravenhage, 1921. . Statistiek van de sberfte naar den leeftijd en de oorzaken van den dood over het jaar 1928. 's Graven— hage, 1929. \ NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES: Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. Jaarcijfers voor het Koninkrijkder Nederlanden, Koloni®n, 1918. 's Gravenhage, 1921. . Jaarcijfers voor het Koninkrijkder Nederlanden,Koloni#n, 1921. 's Gravenhage, 1923. NORWAY: Statistiske Centralbyri. Statistisk Arbok for Kongeriket Norge, 429° argang, 1922. Kristiania, I Kommisjon Hos H. Aschehoug & Co. 1923. Statistiske Sentralbyrd. Statistisk 4rbok for Norge, 59. argang, 1940. Oslo, I Kommisjon Hos H. Aschehoug & Co., 1940. POLAND: ’ Glowny Urzad Statystyczny. Zagadnienia demograficzne Polski. Ruch naturalny ludnofci w Polsce w latach, 1895-1935. Statystyka Polski, serja C., zeszyt 4l. Warszawa, 1936. Ministry -of Information. Concise statistical yearbook of Poland, Sept. 1939=June 1941. Glasgow, The University Press, 1941. : PORTUGAL : Direcg®o Geral de Estat{stica. Anufrio demogrdfico (Estat{stica do movimento da populagdo fisioldgico de Portugal), ano de 1930. Lisboa, Imprensa Nacional, 1931. : Instituto Nacional de Estatistica. Anudrio demogrdfico (Estat{stica do movimento da populagdo de Portugal), 1942. Lisboa, Imprensa Nacional, 1944. RUMANIA: Institutul Central de Statistica. Anuarul statistica al Rom3niei, 1935 si 1936. Bucuregti, 1937. . Breviarul statistic al Romfniei, volumul I-1938. Bucuregti, Imprimeria National, 1938. RUSSIA: Minist&re de 1'Interieur. Comite Central de Statistique. Annuaire statistique de la Russie, 1913 Dixieme année. St. Petersbourg, 1914. . . Annuaire statistique de la Russie, 1914. Onziéme année. Petrograd, 1915. . . Annuaire statistique de la Russie, 1915. Douziéme année. Petrograd, 1916. SCOTLAND: \ Department of Health. Registrar-General. Seventy-Sixth annual report of the Registrar-General for Scotland, 1930. Edinburgh, His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1931. SPAIN: Ministerio de Instruccidn Pdblica y Artes Bellas. Direccidn General del Instituto Geogréfico e Estadfstico. Anuario estadistico de Espafla, affo VI,1919. Madrid, 1921. Ministerio de Trabajo. Direccidn General de Estadfstica. Anuario estadfstico de Espafia, afio XX, 1943. Madrid. APPENDI X— BIBLIOGRAPHY R299 SWEDEN : Statistika Centralbyrin. Statistisk arsbok for Sverige, attonde argingen, 1921. Stockholm, P. A. Norstedt & Soéner, 1921. . Statistisk arsbok for Sverige, tionde &rgshgen, 1923. Stockholm, P. A. Norstedt & Séner, 1925. Statistisk drsbok for Sverige, elvete 3rgdngen, 1924. Stockholm, P. A. Norstedt & Soner, 1924. . Statistisk arsbok for Sverige, tjugoattonde drgdngen, 1941. Stockholm, P. A. Norstedt & Soner, 1941. SWITZERLAND: EidgenOssisches Statistisches Amt. Statistisches jahrbuch der Schweiz, 1939. Basel, Druk und Verlag E. Birkhauser, & Cie, A. G., 1940. Eidgendssisches Statistisches Bureau. Die todesursachen in den jahren 1911-1920. V. jahrgang, 1923-1.Heft. Bern, Buchdruckerei Effingerhof A. G. Brugg. . _. Statistisches jahrbuch der Schweiz, 1919. 28. Jjahrgang. Bern, 1920. UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA: Minister of the Interior. Director ‘of the Census. Statistical year-book of the Union of South Africa. No. '2-1913- 14. Pretoria, Government Printing and Stationery Office, 1915. . Statistical year-book of the Union of South Africa. No. 3-1914-15. Pretoria, Goverrment Printing and Stationery Office, 1916. Office of Census and Statistics. Orricial year—book of the Union and of Basutoland, Bechuanaland Protectorate and Swaziland. No. 11-1928-1929. Pretoria, Government Printing and Stationery Office, 1930. _.___+ Quarterly abstract of Union statistics, No. 5, January 1921. Johannesburg, Argus Printing and Publish- ing Company, Limited. .» Report of the vital statistics of the Union of South Africa, 1930. Pretoria, Government Printer, 1932. UNITED STATES: Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. Vital statistics of the United States, 1941.Pars I. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 1945. Bs oon . Statistical abstract of the United States, 1943. Washington, D. C., Government Printing Of- fice, 1944. . YUGOSLAVIA: Statistique Générale d'Etat. Annuaire statistique, 1929, livre I. Beograd, Imprimerie Nationale du Royaume de You- goslavie, 1932. + Annuaire statistique, 1938-1939, livre IX. Beograd, Imprimerie Nationale, 1939. INTERNATIONAL: Office Permanent de 1'Institut International de Statistique. Apergu de la démographie des divers pays du monde, 1922. Ta Haye. z Apergu de la demographie des divers pays du monde, 1925. La Haye, Société Anonyme Ancienne Librairie, 1925. ; U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE O—1947 __ wifi C028719k6L7