The PLAN of a jéZfé/wfl/ m. 7249f/K/1/7/a/6m3 a '_ fiat 5/21 072/ a, [77471: 57” Mfl/My. , ' .fl Mafmfl’aérflwmfiaflm . 4190/5031” ' l' ' , ' . - . . ., , ’“W over fiaflmx .‘ ~ de‘W‘g-afmfifi . QM ZZZ gmf/ég’jflr émégf ' ' _ .f 'B. (3.43anfr ' anal/#2533127”. [J 4W, D. a 3mm, gravy/W W flu; fl/a/Z, E. . F. ‘2’". ya . . , .4f .1 MW WWW {'dfi/W WWW W , ~ ' 156% ¢m fm’. _ fim’dWé 772W 7‘ L , 7’ --_-——_--—_—-—-~-‘——-' 3 . ‘ . . , .' € , ' a V 300 , ‘ _ 400?”. 5;) 1017 . J. H- . _’A . ,. O 'U'l“..|‘l _ V .. Iweltsslktl‘.‘ i3..:-s..-i- 3:231:33-liayripq!1.1.. ..; . ‘4 If!f|lf.o... I ‘ .7 n .Allvyiu' _th§ii:r lie...,.t.‘-\..I‘.Vl‘..xx , ... [All ‘ “a Ex Libris Q Q $ Q BEATRIX Q Q Q Q Q JONES fi ".1. RRRRRRRRR' ‘m’ \ S Niall ‘3 “i .W’ r i ‘ ‘ //”’ //////-/ /,u n q ((1,, i ’ REEF POINT GARDENS " LIBRARY The Gift of Beatrix Farmnd 1 to 1130 General Library UIIi-z'crsiry of (Ta/Hamid, Baku/c) . :9 Ii). ” 1.31.23? 1.11530“ $951111 1.11: 221122111: 21 :13 1:121:11 .151de 51115: in ‘ ‘_, :11"er m 31:11»fo 11112552,”? . _ _ an": an: 3.1": 21.18 nub $12!»in m1: :1 _ ._ 33131;! 01 31:11 x25...“ {:3 3:5: gfliagm'x)’ m ' 5 $.11} at? 5.211% 21;: swag?“ 12’ 1221: In , {10:1 i-z-‘zr; i ’ .. '-m;m:3:rfl iiad 3515‘ Czar ”21:13:11....1 2-2 , if: 3 1.6111215”? .c ward 1m 1111': 1 , 1w. ’ ‘ 2'2 .. ,; 3.10.11 .1 - .‘ ,~.. I ‘2 “w I ’f 2 ,1 ‘. 1’2 :y _ ((15.11. trade?! 1:; -‘ " . 3%“ 132‘ .' v: $131116qu ,:2 “’15::[1 21:21: 32355.2(. 413 111.11 :z‘é’fim‘X :1: 5 3:: fins-q "i: {:11 [-31:11 §.f'}1‘52‘! 35f}..2i 035::13113‘ 7; mi 11': V5.1? ,“211. .2 Ii 15.13321 5:530 (“.11 12.27: .1 1,321.} :1' 11,51 if.“ ”1W hm: {51:3 1.1331327; i 'IH 7:11.151 51:3; 1 7 ' " Y '1 ‘ a: , '1' 5413\79115’7’: “.us.. QIAJK). 1&1 {5‘} 3:21}- £51251” ’i) “'7 .. .; . 3;,,:.:..e:22 1‘39"? " 57 58 7/38 mez’ical fhuit-Gam’ezler. an Enquiry, whether they are budded or grafted on proper Stocks, becaufe as is' elfewhere hinted, forne difhonefl Nurfery- Men (tho’ they are often indeed blam’d before there is Occafion) if they can but fell their Trees, care not whether they anfwer the Charaéter the Gentleman ex- peé’ts from them. To proceed, your Trees ought to be of one or two Years Budding or Grafting at mofl, becaufe that frequent Heading, not only makes the Stock and Roots full of Knots and Botches, but often difcourages the Tree in fuch a Manner, that when it comes to be old, it wont rife to the Height that is expeéted it fhould : The Stock and Root ought alfo to be free from Wounds and Cankers, having a fufficient Number of good Roots about the Bignefs of a little Finger (but as for finall hairy Fibres, Experience tells us they are of no Ule to be preferv'd) when Trees are tranlplanted at any Dill tance. Neétrons, Apricocks, and Plums, ought to be on good clear Plum-Stocks and not on Almond and Peach, as many of '.' i it! 33 ”a. ‘3 77cc Pmfiical Hair-Gardener. of the Frehcb Trees are (fince as has been already mention’d in the Nurfery Affair, our Ground in England is of too ponderous a Nature for thoie kind of ‘ Stocks ;) and .we know from daily Tryal, that ’tis the Plum-Stock only that does well with us, except~in very particular Cafes. Your Pears lhould be alio on Pear or Free Stocks, or if for moil’t Ground on Qrince; Pears grafted on White Thorn or any other fort of Wood Plant, as Mountain Alh, or the like, is unnatural, as has been already difcufs’d. The Nurfery- Men who aét lo ungeneroufly are no leis blamable than thoie Freya/3mm who on- ly bud upon Peach and Almond Stocks, by which Means the Fruit comes to be flony, acerb, and infipid, and this is indeed fuch a Cheat, that all honeft Men ought to inyeigh againl‘t the Praétice‘ of it; ~CHAP. 59' 6o / .' Mrchael- mas‘olant- ing the befl. T/oe Pmfiiml Frizz't- Gam’eeier. «awgwgwwggwww » C H A p. 'Xl. _ Of the frofer Seaflm for Tlmzting Fmit- Treer, &c. S touching the’Scafon of Planting, however Planters have heretofore differ’d, they now agree that the Mic/mel- mar Planting is the bell, viz. from the latter End ofSeptember to the latter End of November; for by that Means the Trees have Time to root themfelves well, efpecially if cover’d with Straw, Peafe- .Haulm, or which is better, long Horfe Dung or Muck; for by fo Doing I have feen Fruit-Trees opcn’d a little after C/Jrz'flmar that have drawn milky Fibres, and without doubt fuch a Tree is better difpos’d to lhoot and to fupply the Head with Sap, than the Tree that is planted MrReed's at any Time in February or [Ware/J. Reafim: for AA Sprm; ’ Planting. ’Tis true, Mr. Rio/Jere! Reed in the Tranfaétions of the Royal Society, N0. 70. , p. 2130 \ I 3 1 l i i 7726.1131’0532'661! Frail- Gardener. p 2.1 30, tells us he never begun to plant _ till V aleiztz‘nezs Day, for that Stocks and Trees taken; out of warm Woods and Nurleries being expos’d naked 1n the open 61 \ Air, are in Danger of being hurt by the piercing Winds and Froft of the Winter, which endangers the Killing of them, 'or at leafl that though they may live, yet they come on in f0 flow and pitiful a Manner, that they are worth nothing, with much more to the létfie Purpofe. And Laztregnbergz'm a Perfon of much Experience as Dr. Em! tells us in the aforefaid Tranfizfiimzr, N0. 71. p. 2148 agrees with Mr .Rem’, only With this Dif— ‘ference, that Plums, Pears, Common Cherries, €156, bear the Colds very well, and may be tranlplanted in Autumn; and then for the Spring Planting, refers Wall- nuts, Peaches,xApricocks, and the better- Kinds of Cheiries. But notwithh anding what thefe t110 Gentlemen haye cautioufly directed, I 11121 cr havel confe1s (in all the Praclice I "IRCCd 5 Off)?! 7/ EAJ’UI’. l’i; fi‘Oi‘flPde' l have 1. 111d 1n Planting) {een any Hurt come ‘ ~’ I [O I J 7796 mer’z'cal Hurt-Gardener. to Fruit-Trees by the Severity of any Winter, provided they were but planted in proper Mould and well mulih’d as be- fore fpoke of; but on the contrary have {hot with much more Vigour and Strength than thofe planted in the Spring: And with Submiilion to what theie Gentlemen or others lkill’d in Planting may fuppofe, it may be aver d for a great Truth, that the greateft Damage that befalls new Plan- tations of Trees (be they Fruit or other- Wiie.) proceeds either from Trees lying too long out of the Ground, or to the Ne gleé’c of Mulihing and Watering them as before. The firf’t is bio fatal, that I remem- ber rhoie Fruit- Trees that came late out of France ( as mention’d in ibme of Mr. Lon— don and Mr. ll/z’fe’s Works) where not- wirhi‘tanding they were planted with the \ utmoft Care and Caution that Trees could be planted with, and were covered with an Awning of Marts and well water’d, yet very few of them liv’d : So fatal is it _ to Trees to lye long out of Ground, and . to be planted likewife late. ' Above Y T176 Prafiical Hair—Gardener. 6 3 Above all (as is elfewhere inculcated) Treewfa,” great Care lbould be taken to Water all 1:13:37? ‘ forts of Trees, efpecially Fruit-Trees, in mfg/fin [Wart/o and April ; for the lEarching Winds “LA ' of thoie boillerous Months generally in- finuate themfelves into the Ground, and deflroy thofe promifing Fibres that the Tree has form’d under their Covering of Straw and Mulih, during the Winter rMonths. To finilh this the learned Dr. Bea! adds, Dr: 3621': That ’tis an old Englifl? Proverb concern- $27:an ing Apples, Pears, and many other Trees, iiigSeafin- that if you fit them at fill-Hal/ouflide you may command them to proffer, out ifafi tor Card/mm: you mufl eiztrmt #36772 to“ grow. ' In light Soil efpeciall y this Advice ought LiglarSoils ' to be follow’d, that the Tree may form :31?” young Roots before the Heats come on, Flaming. which often attraét and hurry on the Sap ' to that Degree, that the Roots not being well ellablifh’d can’t fend up a filfficient * Qlantit'y to fupply the Shoots, for which n I Reafon they grow freely a little while, but die 64' \ In wet 80:! a lat ter may do. ‘ Tn}: Fea- \ for) of I‘LHHifi‘ ‘ 72;?! to ,' .' so ‘ t2. Unm- g- -'v or Parlerre. - ' 7273 Pmfiical fhzit—Gam’mer. ‘ ”die in themiddle of the Summer, as Sal- low, Elm, and other Aquaticks without Roots do. In cold wet Lands you may indeed Q plant later than in dry ; but as we general— ly Inix light Earth therewith, or entirely « put in a ’new Quantity of light Virgin i Earth in its Room, this Caution feems to be lefs needful: And ’indeed I cannot but fay from Experience, that even in thole wet Soils an early Planting is better than " a late one, eipecially if the Ground be well drain’d, which every. Planter ought”, above all Things to take great Care of. This Method or Seafonof early Plant- ing, as it has no Relation, f0 I do not pretend to extend it to hardy Gre'ens, the Orangery and Parterre; fince ’tis now agreed from Experience that the later End of [Wart/J and beginning of 4pm] or indeed all the Month of flpril are on . many Accounts the belt Sealons of the _ Year for removing of Greens; elbecially where the Place is expos’d to the cutting Winds of the [Wart/2 Month, are. though ' I muff s» m. .u -uflw“. yeah r! . mama-” The Prac‘lical‘fiwit-Gardener. _ 6 5 I muff do that Jufiice to the Succefs I have had in, ‘an A'm‘zmm or Alia/3421mm- Planting of Greens, that out of‘ about ten ' thouiand Hedge-Yews, {556. that were planted under my Direction at Blew/Jam in 1706, there were not two‘hundred that fail’d; but then it muff be own’d that it was an Inland Situation, the Earth very frelh and Good, and much old Wood then , 1 growing to fuccour and preferve them” . i from the Winds; to which may be added i 9as great an Expence and Care in Watering a the following Summer as poifibly there could be. , But in Cafe any Gentleman tnrough 1154mm Necelfity or Accident is oblig’ d to pl ant gift??? 1 late, then let him not cut any of the Roots Plume-r is 4 of his Tree Of? (as IS ufually done) except Plfifixéf, j thofe that are very much bruis’d, and ' . placing the Roots carefully in a {presiding Manner, let the Earth be fill’d in and well watered; and if it is fo late that the Sap of the Tree is in Motion, then let the Tree be carried into fome Cellar for eight or ten Days till the Sap is che'ck’d, ‘ F for a _.-,_. A“, Ar LL<.)(.L 1,1 :41 66 77.76 PraEZz'ml Fruit-Gardener. far otherwife the Sun elevating and keep- ing on the Career of the Sap in the Boughs, Would foon draw the Trunk dry for want of the Roots being fix’d, which like a Spr-ingoHead or Fountain, are to lupply the Body and Boughs of the Tree with a never-failing Succeflion of Sap. $253, Among the many Improvements that Planting have been made in Gardening for fome I’m i” Years pafi, it may I prefume be averr’d-, tbt ml (31!” . of Sam that none is more iurprizing, nor indeed ”Mr Trees, Greens , €66. in the middle of Summer, as it has been praé’tis’d lately by many ingeniousGentlemen, and particu- larly by that great Virtuolo and Encou. Iager of Gardening, Mr. Secretary filo/J72- fon'at Twicéenbam, which is perform’d thus. Make an open Trench where you intend to plant, capable of receiving the Roots of the Tree defign’d to be planted, and placing the Tree into the iame, fill the hole up with good Mould w etted and made into the Confiflence of thin Mortar; but obl'erve the Tree mull be taken up 8 _ and more ufeful than the removing FruitJa The meiz'cal Fruit-Gardener. 696 and planted again immediately, with as many Roots and as much Earth as is pof— fible. And to the Induf’try of my Lord Burlington’s Gardener at Chi/wick, and to the EnCOuragement of his noble Lord it is owing, that of about two hundred ' Silver Firrs planted lal’c Summer eight or ten Foot high, no: aboVe one is dead. A rare Inducement to Planters, to lhew them how much may yet be undifcover’d ‘ of their Art, what a large Field they have to expatiate in, and fuch as our fore-Fa~ thers never fo much as dreamt of! But to‘ proceed to the further Praétice of Plant- lng. , . To what has been {aid in Relation to Tire z‘a‘fl? early Planting, let it be added by Way affa‘gfnfl" Advice to all Gentlemen, efpecially thofe planting. that buy Trees out of Nurferies, that they . have then the Opportunity of chufing the bell and finelt Trees for their Purpo'fe before there has been too great a Draught made out of the Nurfery. F 2 CHAP, 68 DWerrnrg In Opinion about 1:. The Pracz’zc a] [ram Gm timer. g “'2 y"! \w/ ‘05? \W/ «'2 \W4 \W/‘ “”1 \W/ \WI‘ 3‘" 9% \V/ \W/ \W/ \' «a /M\ In“ /M\ ’/M\ ’m.\ ‘4“ ’m.\ /M\ ’/A\ 7m\’ ah lax yak” a» mm C H'A p. XII. E r 0f the ‘Przmiug t/Je Rootr. .H E Pruning the Roots of Fruit Trees being the next Thing in Courfe, it mull be oblerv’d, that the an- cient and modern Praétitioners have much diflEr’d both in their Judgment and Pra- éh'ce from one another. The Antients had a particular Regard to the hairy and fibrous Parts of the Roots, judging that the cutting them of? tended to little lefs than the Defirué’tion of the Tree. But [Marja/17' 6/6 [a Qgtim‘zgrzie with fome Succels fet up for a Reformer of er- roneous Opinions of the Antients, dif- covcr’d and taught that thole capillary or hairy Roots were of no real Service towards the making of a tranfplanted Tree grow well, but rather a Differvice, eiiaecially if the Tree was to be mov’d far, becaufe thofc hairy Roots die if any a time l Z’w» £53» a 4. GA 779? mefical Emit- Carder/er. time expofcd to'the open Air: And, there- fore, by remaining on do but binder and obflruét the Tree from {hiking new ones. He therefore advifes the cutting them a- Way, and that there be no finall Roots prelErv’d but thole that are as big as ones ' little Finger; and J may add, down to the Size of a Goole Quill. Very large Roots fliould be alfo cut quite oft: for that they are the Occafion of that grofs Wood in Fruit Trees, that is {o difagreeable and difadvantagious to it, both as to its hear- ing and beauty, for they are in a Tree as tyrannical and overgrown Neighbours are in a State, flicking up the Juices of the Earth, and fiarving every Thing that lives near them. The antient and modern Practice is al- fo very different as to the Length, that the Roots of Trees fliould be left: The Method we Engli/la Gardiners have all a- long follow’d, is the cutting'thofie Roots “fix, eight, ten,or twelve Inches l0ng,more or lefs, according as they naturally offer themfelves: But the Franc/J Gardeners F 3 Practice Of the magi/a Ilia! Roar: 611;“ 0 lie cm. 723 General Adwr: a- fmut Pm- ning the Roots of Fruit- Trier. 7796‘ Praflécal Hair-Gardener. ' Praétice now is, to cut the Roots of their Trees with a Colts Foot, as we term it, within two or three Inches of the Bole or Bottom of the Tree; and they affirm, that the Tree thereby Roots the better, and that ’tis the longer before it gets to the Extent or Extremity of the Border, or which is a better Reafon, the new Shoots will be not lo many nor fo firong; and this Praétice I have feen in the Gar- dens of One of the firl‘t Rank of Nobles at his Seat in Suflex, who had a French Man over on Purpofe to plant his Fruit- Trees. When you prune the Roots of a Tree, you ought to hold it fall in your left Hand, and turning the Roots upward, cut them to different Lengths, fome two or three Inches long, iome three or four, fome fliorter, and form: longer, by which means the young Roots will not be To much difpos’d to run all of a Heap. And above all, no Root fltould be fuffer’d or left to crofs and hamper one another, by which they Gall and Fret themfelves ve- TY ,ra" " him-n e an.” “MI-21w 423.3» 7‘, V 7796 Pmfiiml Fruit»Gm-r!mer. 7t ry much to the Hurt and Detrirnent of the Tree. ’ Notwithfianding, what Mr Qfgirztigme Tm ! has laid down concerning the Pruning the (”£235 Roots of Fruit-Trees, and cutting away “2:1 4:15:52 all the hairy Fibres, yet it muft be noted, a the that when you take up a Fruit-Tree, and f’:;i;”e"‘ plant it again, Earth and all immediate- Rule:- ly, there is then no Occafion for all this Care and Pains in Pruning. The chief Thing to be done then is comprefling of the Earth, about the Roots of the Tree, and watering of it well at the firft plant- ing, and you need water it no more, nor be under any more Concern about it. The HCXt Thing in Courfe is the plant- ing the Fruit-Trees; for as yet we don’t prune the Head till the cold Times and -Frofls are paf’t, for that Trees are apt to die after the Knife down to the next Bud, which is an Eye-fore to the Tree, and is very prejudicial in its Confeqnences to the ihape, beauty, and well doing of it. F 4. The I 7: 7736 Pi'afiical Hurt-Gardeher. ‘ 9f15’dnt- . The Tree being chofe and prepar’d as is 13%: F ‘t- . . 17mm before direé’ted, we take it Top and all; and if the Ground is coarfe, the coarfe , Earth ought to be removed out of the Place where the‘Tree is to (land, about a Foot and Half or two Foot fquare, and fome‘Einer put into its Room; which fi— _ Der Earth will entertain the young, and ’as‘yet very tender Fibres of the Tree, till it has got'fuch Strength as to be able to contend with that which is of a more fiubborn and furly Nature. Which done, prelent the Tree to the Wall, and placing the Bud outwards from the Wall, plant the Tree as near as you can, and if there be any Roots that hinder your getting the Tree near, cut them off. This Me- :thod you will find to be of great Ufe when you come to prune and nail; andI mull confefs, I can’t conceive the Reafon of thofe who place them a great Way off; and leaning in a difiorted Manner to the \Vall, fincc thereby the Roots are the fooner got out to the Extremity of the Border, and the Sight is as odious as can be The Prafiz'cal B‘flél—Gdl‘dé’flc’l’. 73 be imagin’d, without any one real Ada vantage in Nature, but only in Imagina- tion. But to proceed, becaule the new Earth A Cw. will fink, it will be requir’d that the new :f;:,,,::;” made Border be rais’d to three Foot and a ‘" "1’ Half high at leafl, that when it is funk it may be three Foot deep , and as the Tree will (ink with the Earth, if not fa- fler, it will be convenient to plant it on a little Hill a little higher than the Bor- der, To that when it has funk as much as it will, it may be fiill up to the Top Le- vel of the Border: For all Fruit— Trees being by Nature apt to fettle and run downwards, they are in the bad Soil be- low before the Planter is aware of it. And \ thereby a Tree is as liable to all thofe In- conveniences that attend deep Planting, .as much as if it had been aé’tually {o planted. After the Tree is thus plac’d againf‘t ' the Wall, fill in the Earth gently with 1 Mens Hands, Spades or Shovels, but great j Care mull; be taken that the Labourers, \1 ho 74 of Pd:- nmg and Mulfbingt Fruit- Trees. The Pmfiical Hal/'t-Gafdmer. who are generally very carelefs in that Matter, do not wound the Bark 'of the Tree or the Roots with their Spades, but the Earth being fill’d in, and thtufi gently as before into the hollow Cavities of the Roots, fo that the 'Air may not get in and endanger the Roots: Then give the new planted Tree a lhake or two, and that will make the Tree fit the eafier, and the Earth will thereby be lhak’d into all the Crevices in or near the Tree, for ’tis by the negleét of this, that new planted Trees are often in danger of being fpoil’d, when the fiolly dry Air fearches and penetrates through the Pores of the Earth. This done, give every Tree f0 planted a Pot of Water, for that fettles the Earth clofe to the Roots, and keeps it from growing Mouldy ; which otherwife, when it is dry Weather, it is apt to do to the *1 great Detriment of the young Fibres that are then putting out. The Panning and Mullhing concludes the Care that appertains to the Planting of Fruit-Trees, efpecially againfi Walls. BY 3 1 ,t 1 a 3 l 7796’ Prafiical sz't— Gardener; 7 y By the firfl is eafily underflood the ma. king a~ hollow Difh round the Stem of the Tree to hold Water (it being about a Foot diameter.) By the lafi, the laying of long Straw, Horfe-dung, Fern, or any other Covering, (Mofs as good or better than any) to keep the Foot of the Tree from the Extremity of Cold in the Win- ter, and from the too intenfe Heat of the Sun in Slimmer ; to which Iadd the dry- ing pernicious Winds, that we too often fee in the Spring, fometime fince hinted at. If the Earth be poor, we generally If Earth apply about a Peck of the richeft Com- Zigfg‘ pof’t we can get to lay on the Mullh, that improveit-i fo by the Defcent of the Salts, the Earth below may be invigdrated and improv’d. It is already obl'erv’d, that heading a new planted Fruit-Tree (efpecially thofe that are tender, fuch as Peaches, Necta- rines, and the like) may be deferred till the cold Weather is over, that is till to- wards the latter End of Marcb; in the doing of which we are to obferve the fol- lowing Rules. Whenever 76 Rule l. Rule ll. 7796 Pmélical Hair-Gardener; Whenever a young Tree out of a Nuro fery has two inoculated Buds or Eyes that grow (as is generally the Cafe in Peach- Trees) chuie rather one that is of a mid- ling, Growth, than one that is very weak or very firong,reducing it entirely to that one. For Nurfery Men very often, if not always, put in two Buds, that if one mif- fes the other may fupply that Defeét; but the leaving them both makes an Irregula- rity in the Tree, that it is not eafy to help afterwards. If the young Tree has form’d two Bran- ches growing like a Fork, that are flrong and equally well dilpos’d, if the Situation of the Roots will allow ’em to be turn’d with convenience to the Wall, to humour that Fork, then head them to‘ two Buds length each; but if not, then reduce the Tree to one fingle Stem only, and head it to four Buds in length, always taking Care that thofe Buds come out fide Ways as much as is poflible, in order to caulc the Tree to {pread and grow the flatter. ; For The Pmfiical Ezra-Gardener. Vanc’d, one only upright Show is fufli— cient (as there are generally no more to, all Maiden Trees, or Trees of one Year’s budding;).then veiw the Tree carefully, and fee on which fide the Buds offer to {hoot to the greateft Advantage, for all Branches that offer to {hoot out (as Gar- deners now generally term it) HWizm-, tally are of no Ufe, but ought to be rubb’d off and dilabled from conveying the Sap the wrong Way. This Tree then headed at four Buds long, equally fituated on each fide, may be laid to be well deliver’d out of Hand. There is yet a Care that ought to be taken, to prevent the Roots of the Tree being fpoild by the Straining and Shaking it in heading, for the Roots being as yet, very tender, any Pulling will tear them to Pieces and fpoil them; for which Rea- fon the Header of all young new planted Trees ought to take a Man with him that has flrong Arms and Hands, and fo the Militant clapping both his Hands on ' the 77 For agreeably to what is before ad— Mam. 78 The PmEi‘ical Plait—Gardener; the Stock near the Ground,- may hold the Tree Reddy and keep the Roots from btuifing And thus much as to the Planting and Pruning of Fruit-Trees when they are at firft fet for Walls, Dwarfes, or Eopaliers. C H A P. XIII. OfTeacbe: and Nefiarinw, their C/m- rafiers and @rfcriptiom. T is Matter of fome Obferva'tion, that Peaches and Neétarines that are now ib‘ much in Efleem, ihould have heretofore been of lo little, efpccially in the Place of their own Original, fince ’tis faid by fome ancient Authors, that the ‘Pergfiam’ from whence they were firi’r brought, and from whence they deriv’d their Names, dat’d not eat of them by Reaibn of their Ma- lignity; and finally, that Galen the 111011 _ knowing of the Greek Phyficians always : eondemn’d % 7706’ melicakfl‘uit—Gata’elaer. 7 9 Condemn’d them, ‘asFruits that eafily cor- rupted in the Stomach, producing ill Blood, Feavers, and what not : But Faéts and Ex- perienceare fiubborn Things, and they have taught that they are very far from caufing the Evils whereof they are ac- cufed; on the contrary, that they cool the Stomach, quench the Heat of the’Li- ver, and diflipate that Thicknefs and Se- rolity which the Blood is generally clog’d w ith in the Droughts of the Summer ’Tis own’d indeed by Travellers, that m Terfa thofe Fruits have iome malignant and over purgative Difpofitions; but bfince tholc Trees were tranfported into Egyft, from thence replanted in Itagy, and fince s that cultivated in Frame and other Eu— ropean Countries, they have lofl thol‘e _ pernicious Qialities, and retain nOthing i but thofe that are purely purgative; and t for this Virtue it is that they are elteem’d Z by the- lovers of Health, who had ra- : ther eat a few Peaches in 21 Morning than 1 take a Dole of Phyfick: And had Galen l (lays an Advocate for thofe Fruits) liv’d - m i.‘ \ 8 o The Pmfiical Fruiti Gardener. in our Days, and tailed the Peaches which the Art and Indul‘try of our Gar- , deners have render’d fo commendable, I .‘ am certain he would have had quite an- ; other Opinion of them. The Peaches I which were carried to Rome from Sicily [ and about Nap/er, were partly rotted be— I! fore they came thither, which made Galen ‘ at that Time defpife and condemn them, 4 as a Food very pernicious to Mankind. ., 231171an The Excellency of a good Peach con- {y ofggod fills in having the Pulp a little firm and not f P“"’“- more, very fine grain’d, not fo hard as _ that it will not diffolve in the Mouth, not . tough nor doughy, which is the worft - Quality a Peach can have, nor yet flalhy j and watery, the Produce of a wet Year ‘ or a wet Soil: The Juice thereoffhould be . fugar’d of a rich high and Vinous Tafle; ' allb the Stone of the Peach fhould not . be large, nor the Outfide or Coat too -j‘ downy or hairy, that (lays a great Au- ,} thor on this Subjeél’) being a certain Mark of the Want of competent Goodnefs in a ' Peach, all that downy Matter ufually falls ’ ing _. . W. mug, )q‘ -p.fw,.\,-L'£,a,\:7v~ {Wyn WV , 7‘13: ““1.qu ‘aWV-vv} :‘W‘w."_* - . - - :f mpg—mew,” 7796 Pmfiical Bait-Cardemr. '8 1 ing off in good Peaches, elpecially thofe that are in the open Air. The Difputes that have been between Authors that commend the Peaches that part from the Stone, and the Pavies that do not, are not very material; becaufe though there is a little more Trouble in getting the F lefl] off from the Newington Peach than from others of the French Kind that quit the Stone, yet that Fruit {0' amply recompences that {mall Fault in any even the worfi Seafons we have here in England, that it will always maintain its Ground: Neither is it of much Mo- ment, whether the Brugnon and Neé‘ta— rines, whether the Peach and Pavie, the one parting from the Stone and the other not, be in the Language of the ancient Gardeners Male and Female or no. ' The following Colleé’tion comprehends Comrn- - I think, the beft and molt approved Fruits 1,171,325 we have had for fome Years in England, Celluiwm and which are now; as it were endenizon’d to our Climate, though fome of them were heretofore Strangers to us; in the G Collefiion - 8:. Yb? Prafiical Fruit-Gardener. Colleétion of which, [have had great Re+ gard to th‘ofe that are hardy and bear well, which I take to be much more eITential than Variety, and all the finei‘t Fruits that rejeét our Climate, or at leai’t do not bear Well in It. \VII/ VII >V.I/ \‘t’l \‘l/ \V.” \‘Y/ \t’/ \'_// \‘t’/ \V_’/ \‘t’/ \V.’/ .\".l/ \"f/ \V.’/ \‘tl/ V"/ \‘11/ \VI/ \W/ gmmm%M%mmmmmmmmmm%maw C H A P. XIV. A Collefiion of the my} ‘Peacber and Nefiarirzer. 71,, wk“, ’TIS requifite we lhould give a Place MW": to, and begin with the forward 1'? em] 11' White Nutmeg-Peach on Account of its Earlinels, for though it he a very indiffe- rent Peach it is the firl‘t ripe, finall and of a fugar’d Juice, it has white {lamineous Flowers, and the Leaves pretty much in- dented; the Tal’te is not the richefl, and it is very fubjeé’c to grow doughy, if not taken jul‘t as it is ripe: Its chief Value eonfifls in that it is the full that puts us 1 if) 7736 Prdfiz'cal Bwit— Gar/(17614815: 9 § iii Mind of the approaching Search. "This Peach being (as an ingenious Author has it) the Aurora or Morning Star that leads! us to hope for glorious Fruits, and there-7 fore call’d Tometime's the Avaiit Peach or Forerunner.‘ The Red Nutmeg comes next in Courfe, Tbé Red and though a great Bearer is chiefly valua~ ,1; £133: ‘1' ble for its Earlinefs as “3 ell as was the White 1’ "in”ms’ ’Tis of a Vermilion Colour and a fine 1A Anglia. muiky Taf’te,’ and on Account of its For— Wardnefs, one at leafl ought to have its Place even in midling Plantations. The Wood of both thele bKinds being fuhjefl: to grow weak, they ought to be planted in the richef’t Ground you can prepare for them; this Peach is alio call’d the forward Troy Peach. The Pafl: Violet or double Troy PeaCh 7,117: P ”177: ought likewiie to have Admittance into Ira; the Catalogues of the Curious, becaule it «1:35:31? fucceeds the two Nutmegs, and IS foine- mm‘ng rf thing larger and better than either of them; Aut’ufl' and is of Tafle much like them: I think the trim lafl have red flamineous FloWers, G 2: fifth .t: .. mm». amp-T x-rw-w . v —.~ ;r~.w\\‘m‘~ n "IT-v 7'8"“ t""’""-‘-’!‘““”"‘"’~"‘T“‘ - 8 4 736 Pmfiécal Fruit-Gardener. with Leaves not much‘ indented, are ten- _ , ‘der Sorts, and therefore ought to have a ’ South-Eafl Alpeé}. ’26:an The Ann-Peach, or as the Nurfery- “3,5212; Men will have it, the Royal Ann comes ”IAuguilo next, being a Fruit that is valuable, not only on Account of its Earlineis but its Goodnefs: It is not fo call’d on Account of Queen Aim, as is by Miflake fuppos’d, » but' in Compliment to the (at that Time) i, a ' ‘ celebrated Mrs. 147271 911726!) of ‘owey in Berk/lying Where it was rais’d. The F low- 1 ' ers are large and whitilh, and the Leaves ‘5 of the Tree much ICrrated. The Fruit is tollerably large and roundilh, the Pulp white, as is alfo the Skin if not open’d to the Air, which it ought by all Means to be; and as it parts from the Stone is of ‘_ I a good Talle, and comes in between the \ Nutmcggs, the Minion, and Montaubon; ‘ is one of the molt valuable Peaches we have, it being indeed the firfl that gives - , us the true Gull of a Peach. Some of our Nurfery-Men that love M ulriplicity of l ,4; Fruits, pretend there are two Sorts, one ‘ 1 they . 4 w a yr, 7.? KW"V"“"W’ ,w; - The Pmfiical Fruit-Gardener. ' 8 5 they call the Ann, and the otherthe Roy~ al Ann ; but there is no fuch Thing, nei- ther has this Notion at prefent any real Exifienceybut only in their Fancies. Were it not that this is one of the diffi- Tfje Royal cultefl Peaches that is to take, it would (5:227: be a molt valuable Fruit, coming as foon or fooner than the Ann Peach does: It is a flattilh Peach and pretty large, has ‘ a dark Red Coat on the Sunny fide, the Flower is one of the large whitefl Kind, and the Fruit parts from the Stone, the Pulp and Juice is inferiour to none that come after it. This Peach has been Tome Time in Eng/dud, but our Nurlery-Men cannot as yet find out a Stock it will take on : I have endeavour’d to encourage the Propagation of it, and a Country Nurfery- Man that lives between Readiflg and Newémy tells me it will take very well - ~ on an Apricock budded on a Plum, as the r belt Roman Nectarine does, but then the ‘ Tree is as long again a railing, and Inuit. i) of Confequence bear a double Price; how- . '1 ever the Earlinels and Goodnefs of the Fruit G 3 _ will eff—av,” , . ~, —,~ .- ",FI‘ . f"?..€'",'":f,‘ - “'W,u‘-""‘-17{i {1" ,,_.. Kiev-u ’3‘" u w» "2“” .1 ‘YAW ‘ ‘ _ A???“ -’.v "3‘9? .;-\"“"W :4‘ :1 ‘,‘~"‘“‘ W" "{‘Rflv‘ “my? _‘ N .1 86 7796 Prafiz’ml Pym-Gardener. will make amends for all. Mr. 0mm de- ceas’d in Brampton Lame has been the firf‘t that has 1ais’d this T1 ee, where they are to be had if any whe1e about London. 1 Very much c0111111e11d the Fruit, and hope to fee it plenty amOngfl us, though this lall Year above an hundred Budds fail’d. Ihl‘ellow At the fame Time the Ann Peach is in fift'erq ripe the midi/c of as having a Yellow Coat, and being of a “gum tolerable Size and good Tafle, is no inele- gant Companion for the Whitenefs and Size of the A1111. It mull hang on the Tree as long as pofllble, which is a great Addition to the Talte of the Fruit; in _ Truth, confidering the Earlinefs of its coming, its Tafle, Colour, $0. it is a valuable Peach, and 110 Body that has Room ought to be without one of them. The M3, _ ~ The Minion OI'l Mignon is a mofi beau- 1 I (4:11r1:;-11ll{i11d,and has afugard Juice; in Shape quugull fide higher than another: It \1 as firfl‘ lo call d by one of the Kings of France (as ' they Efleem, comes in alfo the Yellow Alberg, , not 10 round as long, and gene1ally one i , """T"“" ,.r w, , , 4.» 'flv'q‘v-r. . -- ruvywyflWK I 7Z6 Prafi’ical E‘uit‘Gardmer. 87 they tell us) it being on Account of its Ex- cellency his Favourite. The Flowers are of a large and white Kind, ‘the Leaves of the Tree indented; it ought to havea good clear Soil, and being fubjeét to blight, the ibcurefl and befi Afpeéi: you can find for it: In lhort it is one of the belt French Peach.- es of the whole Year in a dry hot Sum- mer ; but in a cold wet one, is fubjeét. to thofe Defeéts that all French Peaches are, of being faint, watery and flat. The Bourdin is a pretty large Fruit of a m ram; vinous Tafle, and is not an unfit Com-$1359” panion for the Minion, it being a hardi- End of er Tree; but the chief Objeétion that has Augufi' been made againfl it is, that the Tree doth not‘bear well when young; but then ‘ it fufficiently repays that Misfortune when it comes to be old, and though expos’d to the. Wind, refifis it with much Magnanie mity (ifI may fo exprefs it) and is gene~ V rally loaden with a great deal of agreeable , -. 7 Fruit. The Flowers are of the ”red ftanri, / if neous Species, with Leaves not at all, Or ' G 45. but- 88 7776 mei’iml Frzzit— Gardener. but little indented; will do well either on a South or Eai‘t Alpeét. Other ' There are other Peaches which are ripe, IMF/”5 in the‘middle or latter End of flaw/2, but life I” {In _ c ’ middle or they are not 10 generally well el‘teem d as :21“??? the rum already deicrib’d. Such are the In“ ”0. of White..Magdalen, and Magdalen-Mufque, $23,?" .the little Alberges, €921 which I omit, nor being willing to‘ tire my Reader or fluff- ‘ his Garden with too many forts of Fruit, only mentioning thofe that are the bell in their Seafons. However if any Gentleman has a Likeing to any of the Other Kinds, they are plentiful enough to be procur’d in molt Nurferies: And the Want of their Defcriptions in this Place, will be amply firpply’d out of the voluminous Works of the famous de [a Qgtiflti/zic, or eat of the Reflorcd» Gardener. 1,3,, Mm} The flri‘t September Peach I {hall pre- “W” fent my Reader with, is the Montaubon, \ ‘ ,Peac/Jes [ripe use though there are others which are ripe as if??? foon, yet this in Truth cxcells all thofe tcxnbcpr. of this Seafon, or indeed any other if we confider this Fruit in all its Qualifications : The 7796’ Prac‘i‘ical Hm;— Gmea’errer. The Flowers are large and whitifli, from whenee we generally call all Flowers of this Colour, Peach-Bloom-Flowers, and r the Leaves are indented ; it islarger than the Magdalen, of a light Red next the Sun but pale next the Wall, ofagood Pulp and Tafle. But for the Beauty of the Tree, Hardinels, and good Bearing,“ there is none that equals it, it being certainly the bell Peach that any Body can plant who has but little Room, and will do in any Soil, and I doubt not but againf‘t any Afpeét, for I have feen it againfl three of the four. Ihave fometime fince planted ~ one againfi a Northern Afpeét, and have great Hopes of Succefs, though perhaps the Fruit may be fomething the later. I have been the more particular in com- ’-mending this Peacl),becaufe I have feen it for many Years againl’t an expos’d Wefiern Wall, flourilhing and bearing an abundance of Fruit (ill planted and in an ill Soil) whill’t all the ref‘t of its Neighbours were Janguilhing and in Decay; and for this Reafon I recommend it above all others, efpecially . 3,9 W\ wiu‘, .ber. :«rwqg.W-m;vrrI-,Pr‘4 7 - 90 7796 Prafiicaz Frail-Gardener. efpecially to thofe that have only RoOm to plant a few. ”(violet To the Montaubon Peach Ifubjoin the baflweNc- . . . . alumni” VlOlCt, hafhve or forward Nectarine, 1t ;?n:’;;qB:f being the firft of this Kind that oHérs, of Sepzcfii. which there are two Sorts, one larger than the other, but the largefi is in the melt Efieem, though the Tai’te is not quite f0 rich and Vinous as other Neétarines are. However, it being the firit of that Kind, it Merits the Efleem and Care of the Cu- rious. The Flowers of this, as well as all other the Violets, are red, and the Leaves not much indented, and it requires one of the'befl Afpeéts. 1’” 3“", The Chevereufe, fometimes call’d the abet/arm]: 3,, fair Belchevereule or Goat-Peach, may wor- Goat- . thily be brought into the Produé‘tions of Peat/a rzpe . . in the Be- this Month, though in warm Years they inning ' . ’ ' ff Sm are ripe the latter End offlugufl. 'Ihs ra- icmber. ther long than round, rs hardly inferior to any in Largenefs,has abundance ofiugar‘d well relilh’d Juice, and, which is of great Account, is an excellent Bearer. It has the Misfortune, if you. let it hang too long on ’ ' the The Pmfiiczil Frzzit—Cam’mer. 91: ‘ the Tree, to be doughy; for that Rea- fon they lhould be always attended, and pluck’d off as they ripen; though this does not happen, but when it is in cold moifl: _ Land, or when the Sun is deficient: It will do in any of the three Alpeéts, though the South or Bali is the belt with us in England: As for the Flowers, I have not obferv’d what Colour they are of. The Noblefs Peach for Largenefs, good [3:55 5:221, Tafie, and the Hardinefs and Durablenefs ri,e m of the Tree, is not equall’d, much lefs ex- 1 ,ffjf if: cell’d by any Fruit we have in Etzglmzd, Severn: perfeétly agreeing with our, Soil and Cli- 1’“ mate as much as if it had' been a Native of our own. It fucceeds the Montaubon, and for Size improves upon him. The - Flowers are of the whitilh pale Blulh, and the Leaves fomewhat ferrated: In fllort, it is the belt Peach (take it altoge: ther) of any we have had from Frame, and a Man‘that is content with, or has but room for a few, can’t do better than to plant the ‘Vlontaubon and Noblefs Peach A“ _... M “‘— Sgr; ' -'5erm‘ r arr V _ v; . ', ;' . (7', “ .r‘;r*f T. ‘ 92., T5: old Newing-- Ion Peach ripe rise latrcr Enl cf Sep~ tember. TI): El range NP- Rarine ripe in Septem- ber. 7736 Pi‘afliml E‘zzit- Carr/wen Peach preferable to any other. But to be lure, \ ' _ The old Newilzgtou Peach mull not be omitted in this Colleéiion, not on- ‘ly. on Account of its being a Native of our own, but alfo for its Goodnefs and Hardiirels; for though it does not part from the Stone as the Franc/J Peaches do, yet in other Cafes maintains its Ground, nay excells them, elbecially in bad Years,-when the FI‘UIC‘IJ Peaches are good for little. I can’t remember to have obferv’d in any of the FI‘L’llC/J Catalogues, that they have this Fruit, at leal’t by this Name; though we dare challenge any of their Pavies, their Pavie admirable not excepted. Its Flowers are of the white Kind, but ‘the Fruit has a high vinous Tal‘te, is very beautiful, and iometimes very large. The Elrougc Nectarine is alio a Native of our own, the Name being the Reverie of Gar/7'18 a famous Nurfery Man at Hag/3 dew, in King C/mr/w‘ the Second's Time, by whom it was rais’d. Notwithlianding there r i Fatwa» an“ 7793 Prafiical E'zzit-Gardmer. ‘9 3 there are many Sorts of good Neé’tarines come to Knowledge fince the firft railing of this, yet it fiill keeps a Place amongflt the moft curious Colleétors of Fruit; is rather long than round, of a middle Size, a loft melting Pap, and a racy yi'nous Juice ; the Flowers are red. The Rumbullion in regard of its being $31.3” ‘ a noble large yellow Peach, is of great and, Value in a good Year, when its Flavour] gig"; is equal to any before mention’d: The b'cr- ' Flowers are'of the red fiaminary Kind, and the Leaves not much indented; the Fine— nels of the Colour exceeding any of the yellow ficlh‘d Peaches, makes it claim a Place in the FruibGardens of the greatef’t Virtuolo’s. . Iplace the Admirable in the Rear of the 7‘36 affi- Sepiezrzécr Peaches, on Account of its ”if,” Goodnels, .aving many Good Qralities, fffI-jfle‘f‘ and none that are bad if planted in a ge Elggggnf ncrous Soil. The Outfide is red, its Juice 1“" lugar’d, and not flalhy even in bad Years, and the Exquifitenefs of the Tal‘te is of fo good a Remain, that it really excels ‘ any gang,» '1", 3 , W, .1- ,,-‘.A,.r',./.V_ “ ~4me Of other Pear/oer that are _ tip: in Septem- Ber; Of feve- ral Neda- firm rife in Dep- tember. Brinion or Brugnon Neti‘arim. 7796’ mei’ical E'm'tTGardmei. any of the Peaches of this MOnth: The Flowers are red, and the Leaves but little indented. There are indeed aninfinite Number of of good Peaches in this Month, which I forbear to enlarge upon, becaufe it would be eiidlefs. Thefe already nam’d being the chief, the red Magdalen, Perfick, Belle- ‘garde, Andillis, Pan and Narbon, with ma- ny others, Would take up too much room to particularize upon; and there is in the, foregoing Colleétion fiifiicient Quantity_ of Fruit to entertain the curious from the latter End of 7111): to the latter of Se}; tam/267"; and after having giVen an Ac- count of {ome Neétarines, I {hall finifh thefe’ Defcriptions with two or three Ofioéer‘ Peaches to clofe this Account. > TheMufilue Violet Nectarine in regard it is a fecond ripe Fruit, deiervcs mention to be made of it. It has a fine musky Tafie, if they are let remain on the Tree till they drop off The round Bnignon, or orherWif‘e Bri- nion, on Account of its being marbled ali over “var... "w V ._t.'.'.’j v.- . m“ ut‘1‘":‘_‘ - . . ' Vjawvswwwvrww-w ‘ . , ,, wry-r”. A ‘\ ‘ i 7796 Prafiical Fruit-Gardener. 9y over-with red, and the Richnefs of Tafie it polTefl'es in a good Year, has been of . late much efleemfd, efpecially when lhri- Vell’d, which makes it eat delicioufly in a fine warm Seafon. There are fome that make a Difiiné‘tion of red and white; both of them bear red Flowers; and were it not that they are exceeded in Size, and generally equall’d in Goodnels by the, .thofi: that fucceed, would hear a high Place in this Collection of Fruit. . The red Roman Neétarine is a large £133 "94‘ Fruit, and has been defervedly in Efieem @222”, for thefe many Years. Red all oVer, and z the Pulp being Firm, and yellow adds a ’ Variety to this Colleétion of Nectarines; l but the Fruit ought by all means (as in- : deed all Neétarines do) to hang long on I the Tree to. make it eat the better. TheNewiflgtoiz Neétarine the only one Mchw- nvhofe Leaves and Flowers anfwers that £33625"? 7 of the Newingtorz Peach,and from whence 3' iit derives its-Name, is I really think the jbell of Neétarines in all its (Qualities. It .iis the largefl: of them all, a hardy Tree,- and ...,WM .Tpmfyr , r ' 57PM" '1‘ 96 _ OfOélo- bet Pea- (bet. ,i r a ’~ we r“ W i» m i \f ‘ 7798 Pmfiz'cdl Hat—Gardener. and which is of infinite Value at great Bearer, hath a very deep Red all over, a good Pulp; and is in fliort fuch a'Fruit, that were there no other Neétarine, this would fufliciently fupply the Table of ' x the Curious : And this is one of the Wall- Fruits that I would recommend to thofei Perfons who have but little Room to plant in. It has been for fdme Years found with‘ us here in England, that the Planting of late Peaches is‘of little Ulc; éfpecially in the Inland \open Countries, or thol‘e‘ which are far North, or much expofed. Befides the Coldnefs of the Fruit and Sea- fon together are fuch, that thofe that have a due Regard to their Healths, will,: not venture on eating them. However,j fince I {hould be thought to be particular? in this Occafion, I have added two Kinds, i which are really good, and generally the? belt in Elteem W 1th the Curious After the Admirable, with which I clos’d my September Peaches, is going- , out,t the Nivet comes in, which happens \\ ell , \ «4.5,.» w- .» “any: -’a‘w.-n’(..m»'a. ’ 7706’ Pmfiiqal Him-Gardener. - 9 7 well enough, {ince ’tis pity that two fuch excellent Peaches happen at one Time; It is of a good Size, rather long than ' round, but the Noblenefs of the Tafie, and the fugar’d Juice is fuch, that if the Seafon holds dry and good, you have in this Peach whatever has been before re- commended in good Peaches. I have not as yet made any ObierVation of the Flower \\ hether it be red; neither is it,I prefume, abfolutely neceil‘ary I lhould, the chief Uie of it being a help to diflinguifll One Fruit from another, and no cflbnt ial Qu lity to the Fruit it felf. \ The Shape and Goodnefs of the Ca- T17204- tharine Peach u ould be more univer- ZZZ,” {ally knoun than any other Peach what- [1): IOW" ’ icev er, were this Climate alwiays'equally ' 'good. In a good Warm Soil, howevei, and on a South Bali Afpeét, this Fruit makes a noble Figure, being a very beau- tiful and ferviceable Peach when all others are gone: The Shape is fomewhatxlongifli and what makes it molt remarkable :is the Inequality of its Sides. The Flowers are ' 7 H of .g ‘ 98 7776 Pmfiical Hair—Gardener. of the red Kind, and the Leaves, which are generally concomitant therewith are iinoother, and not lo much indented as the Nutmeg, Newington, Montaubon, ; Noblefs, and many others are. In flio‘rt, L . it fiuilhes the Glory of the Peach Sear \ ion, and makes the Greedy as well as "3 ‘ x the Curious, give over the Thoughts of V' eating any more Peaches till the fi1c~ (feeding Year. 7] - 3’25?“ As for the‘PaVie ot‘ Pompone, I refer ‘ pom. my Reader to La Qrmztmir, the Retir’d Gardener, 69°C. For as it {eldoui ripens ‘ about Tarir, or any where but in the Southern Parts of Frmzre, it would be in vain to expeét much Succels here in E71- , 314ml; though perhaps fome may be f0 curious, as to plant one of that Sort for Variety fake. TbeCoral- The Defcriptions of the bell Sorts of f2:fi"£e_ Fruit being thus adjuf‘ted, it will be per- Jm/mm haps requir’d, that I ihould recommend 2222:];- by a nearer and more exaét Scrutiny thofe 3:1; 5;” which fuch Planters fllould chuie, who ' have not room enough to plant all thoie 3 Kinds ,3,“ 7736’ Pmfiiml Ffzzét-Gara/ener. Kinds here fet down. For it ‘often hap- pens in fmall Plantations, that the utmofl‘ft Number a Perfon can allow is not above twenty Peaches and Neé’tarines, forne~ times not fo many. In fuch a‘ Cafe I Would recOmmend one white Nutmeg, one red Nutmeg, two Ann, one Alberge, two Minion, tWo Montaubon, one Brone dine, one Forward Neétarine,’ two No-- blel‘sx Peaches, two old Newington’s, one Rumbullion Peach, two Newington Neétarines, one Admit-able, one Nivet Peach. And thus obferving the different Cha- raéters before given of Fruit; may every Perfon judge what Quantity of each it is proper for him to have, in Proportion to the general Quantity he has room‘to plant in his Garden. , , The next Thing that the Planter ought to do, is to learn how to methodize and regifler his. Fruits in luch a Manner, as that he may know his Kinds, whether they are really what he expeéts or no; for this is a Defeét which I have more than H 2, once ' 99 100 7796 Prac‘i’iml Fruz't- Gardener. ' on‘ce obferv’d, there being few People that take the Care they ought. To do this, I have follow’d a Method of my own; what I have feen in Nurlei'ies and againf’c Walls, {‘56. being often very. voluminous and eonfus’d, and who ever takesa View of Monfieur 4’9 14 Quintim'e’s Way, will find fuch :1 mil Deal of Circumlocution, ' that it is very tedious to read it. C H A P. XV. The fDefcriptian of flpricocér. ,/ S to the Defeription of Apricoeks there is I think little to fay, they are all of them lo well known. The Mal'euline or early Apricock is a. pretty little Fruit of a good Sugar’d Juice’; but being lmall, is not {0 much efleem’d _as the large Dutch, Orange, Turkey , Ro- man or Common. The 7796 Pmfiiml fl"!!if~G(lM’61/I€I‘. The Brufl'els Apricock is what is had in very great Efleem, on Account of its Bearing fo well on Standards or large ' Dwarfs, an Inflance of which has been leen but a few Years ago in Bucking/Jam- How/é KitchensGarden; where, notwith- fianding the Smoak of the Town and the Duflinefls of the C/Jelfi’a Road, they have bore in abundance, f0 much indeed as that they have not recovered it fince. It is .21 Fruit of a brifk Flavour, not fubjeét to be doughy .or mealy, as mofl: of the other Kinds are when ripe. There are fome other Kinds, but the forementioned being the belt, 1 {ball fay no more. _1th I have heard of a very large Kind of‘ \ Apricock that is cultivated at Waol/mmf~ to}; Berk/hire, as big as a large Peach, and is there call’d the Frem/a Apricock; but as I have not feen the Fruit, Imufl: fufpend my Recommendation of it till fur- ther Trial, but this may ferve for an in- termediate Enquiry. H3 CHAR. ." "75:; Z t -1 .. py'r 1qu 162 Propérfie: ‘er ii good Plum. ' thers; yet the Blue, Black, or Red Plums 4 >3 , .11 - 31'.. 1K The Prafiical Huh-Gardener. .fififififififififififififififififi C it A P. XVI. 7726 {Definition of Thwart . 6 IT is manifci‘t to all Lovers of Planting, that we are very much improv’d in England in our Colleétion of Plums with- in thefe twenty or thirty Years, there be- ing at leafl twenty Sorts that are tolera- hly good, the belt of which I {hall fet , down in the following Method; being. ‘ refolv’d as much as poflible to obferve ‘ Brevity, and to keep from running into too many Kinds, {electing only thole that are the belt. . A good Plum fllould have a fweet fu- gar‘d Juice, a tender melting Pulp, a rich and‘exquifite Tafle iometliirig perfum’d; and though there are many White Plums that have all thele Qialifications in as great, or even a greater Degree than. 0- .316 7736’ ‘Pmfiiml E‘nit-Gardemr. m3 , are of the greatel‘t Value, on Account of that Towder which (when carefully ga- thered) makes them look fo charming, The St. Katharine, Reine-Claud, Maitre Claud, Drap-d’or, Green-Gage; 5%. are. in- deed fo good (though White) that I give them a Place in’this Lifl, the Pulp and Talk having all the good Properties that can be expected in any Plum. The Jeanne Hallive Plum is a longilh i222? Yellow Plum, and being the firl‘t ripe car- Plum. ries with it fome Efteem, though thefe that follow are much better. The Mirabel Plum is of an Amber Co- T’s/3.91%"; lour and finall, comes from the Stone ' when ripe, is full of Juice, and is good for the Confeéh'onet’s Ufe, and being early merits a Place in this Colleétion. I place the La—Royal next, it being in- {ff 7;“ deed the belt Plum we have; for though MW" the Blue Perdrigon has all along been in much Elleem before the La-Royal was known; yet it muff now give Place to that admirable Plum; it is large and round, of a lively Red Colour, but not much H 4 powdered, ' ’ '5~£aun_.\ , WW'TW W‘tw‘" " 727/»;sz ~ , . P“ w m4 Tbe Fling ' Per/{risen New. $30 lf'bire Pera'rigon. Wham-re Cid V'Iii. The St. 3; Marine Plum. 7736 PrdfiicalBruit-Gardener. powdered; it has an exquifite Tafie and is truly a beautiful Plum; is ripe as foon as the Blue Perdrigon, and is in no Degree behind, but in ibme reipeas before it. ~ The Blue Perdrigon Plum which is fomewhat longiih, of a very good Tafle, the right Sort parts from the Stone, the Fsuit is powdered very well, but the only Misfortune is, the Tree is no extraordina- ry Bearer, and is in fome Soils fubjeét to he wormy at the Stone; it is however the feeond if not the bell Plum we have. I do but jnl’c mention the White Per— drigon, though there are not many White Plums that are its Equal, both for Good~ neis and Bearing. - The Maitre Claud is a large whitifli round Plum,the Juice is very brisk though fweet, its Pulp firm and parts from the Stone, is accounted among the bell White Plums we have. ‘ The St.'l{;1tharine is, I think, the very heft of all the White Plums, and ofexceL lent Uie in the Contbé’tionary; it is at firfl K whitiih, but as it ripens, grows yellow- 1’ illl The melical Fruit—Gardener. 105' ilh ; it has a kind of a Pear Shape, a very rich fugar’d Juice, agood Bearer, and is indeed an excellent Plum. The Apricock Plum is White on one The/11m- Side, but inclinable to be Red on the o- “‘kmm ther; it is as large as the St. Katharine, and coming from the Stone may have a Place among the Curious. The Reine Claud is anorher White m Reine Plum of good Account ; it is White and “:3: roundifli and the Juice fiveet, the Pulp firm, comes from the Stone, and ought 1 to be' reckon’d amongf’c the heft Plums in . any Colleélion The Drap- -’d or or Cloth of Gold, the The Dual;— Name “hereof denotes its Colour, is a 1m. middle fized Plum, of a delicate fugar’d Tafie ; ’tis indeed not the befi of Bearers always, but is a mofl excellent as Well as beautiful Plum. The Orleance Plum being fo Well know n We Or. to be a large round reddifli Plum, parting 11$; eafily from the Stone, and being the har- diefl Plum and befi Bearer of any we have (though the Juice is not f0 rich as many other nx’w » ' . ’ "V. '7’ M " .L‘ 1 06 77.76 meflcal fi‘yit—Cardener. Other Plums are) merits a Place bath in this Work as alfo in the Garden,where five or fix ought alw'ays to be planted to fur- niflr the Delbrt and the ‘Palates of [hole that are not very' curious; This bears well either on a Dwarf or Standard,or on a North Wall amongft the preferving Fruit. 1‘52 Red The Red Fotheringham is an excellent Fotlvcr- . . . _ 5,3,,” Plum, not inferior in Tafle nor Beauty to £1333: any yet mentioned; it has a longilh Shape sirwmi- and IS larger than the Perdrigon; the Tree "“ Tm" is a tolerable good Bearer, and ought not pic tallr _ ‘ :11: Sheen to be left out of the Catalogue of the molt Hm; curious, fince there is hardly any that excells it. . 75mm” The Green Gage Plum is the belt of Gage that Colour, and is indeed a fine Fruit, PM” ' much excelling the Green Danullk, from whence in all probability it had its Origi- nal: It is a Fruit ot'an exquifiteTafle, and '- as its Colour and Size diitinguiihes it from I any yet named, I ihall lay no more of it. 5mm! The White Prunella, V irginel, Black 2;:de Damalten, Chefla, Morocco, St. Julian, the Red, Blue, and Amber Primordian, ' the 7796 Prafiicdl FruirGarzlener. 1'07 the White, Yellow, and Red Date, the Peafcod Plums, 55b. are all good Plums, though I mull give thofe that I have de- {crib’d the Preference. The Red Imperial, White Holland ,g’ltzmeor Black Mufcle, White Pear—Plum, and the gig, Pomgranate-Plum, all good for Baking or fim’w' Preferving, and will do well againl’c a North Wall, though thofe before defcrib’d require one of each lort to be planted againlt a South or South-Eal’t Afpeél, and one of each fort againl’t an Ball or Wef’t . and North, or any other declining Afpeél, in Order to have them fucceflively one after another. The Imperatrice is a later fort of Vio- The Imp” let Perdrigon, fliap’d like it, but flicks to retricezmd the Stone, of an excellent Tafle, and be- stiff; -ing the latel‘t Plumwe have is of greatifisjjfclafi Ufe, it hanging upon the Tree till the ’ um beginning of Ofioéer; the Fruit will alfo keep in the Houfe on’Shelyes, by laying ~ them on Vine Leaves or fine Mofs. There is a new fort of Plum call’d the in”? Burdock, lately brought from the Cape of "”7” 1 Id the good ourdock ”,F‘r».”“"“9l‘?" , ' A s ‘ .al 108 Plum: 7726 mefical Hart-Gardener. good Hope, which bears an excellent Cha- racter, but I have not yet feen the Fruit; ‘ it being only in the Hands of a Gentle- man in Warwick/hire, who cannot as yet be prevail’d upon to communicate it for the publick Good. It mull be fome Concern to the curi- Mwwu ous Planter, efpecially him that has but "Dwmfi few Walls, that Plums bear no better than they do on Dwarfs; the bell Way I‘ can advife is the Nipping them, as will be elfewhere fpoken of more largely, to turn them into bearing Wood, or elfe upon the Foot of good Reaion, we may bud the bad Bearers upon the good Bearers, even upon Bullace Stocks, if they are round Plums efpecially. I am perlhaded that were this Method more univerlZill ufed, and were Trees of all Sorts taken up and replanted, as ihall be hereafter di- rected, there would be a much greater Qiantity of Fruit than there is, even in the wori‘t as well as the befl Gardens that are. But this by the Way. ’ CHAR The Prafiical Hair-Gardener. ' 109 C H A p. XVII. 0f Team. Mongfl the feveral Fruits with which the Tables of the Curious are fur- nilh’d, Pears may juflly claim the Prece‘ dence, if we value them either for their Variety, or their long Continuance, which is from the Beginning of 3211} to the latter End of Marc/2, being nine of the twelve Kalendar Months, and fome times more. I {hall therefore defcribe fome of the belt of them as they ihcceed, each other; by which means the Planter may make fuch a Colleétion as he pleafes out of thefe. The ‘Petit Hat/five or French Trimi— 15:23:: £206 is that which ulhers in all the Lifl Primitive of Pears. ’T is almofl round, RuflEt, and STU?" Red it‘uncover’d from the Leaves, which it ' ' ought to be to have it in the better Perfeéti~ on, f , u. my... many. a. 1 I o 7798 Prdfiical Fmit— Gardener. on,otherwife the Tafle is very infipid. The; Pear is finall as its Name denotes, and is chiefly Valued for its earlinefs, being ripe in _ 3141}, when there is no other Pear to rival it. La Gui/f9 The CuilTe Madam is the next Pear of , Madam or Account that comeslin, perhaps fo call’cl $232: ‘from the Sleeknels of the Skin which is July~ extraordinary, and the Shape regular. It has fomething of the Rufl‘elet in Shape and Colour, efpecially if laid open to the Air. This and the Blanquets are the flrfi Pears that are reafonably good. The Pulp is between {hurt and tender, very juicy, and fomething musk’d, and indeed a plea— fanttPear when full ripe; its only fault is, that it does not bear well at firfl, but after it has flood fome Years repays that Fault. . TheGrofs The Grofs or Great Blauquet is the $3422; earliefl of any of the Blanquets, and is 5,, July. both on that Account and its Good- nefs preferable to the two others, It is rather long than round, colours next the Sun if open’d; for which Reafon, ’tis brought more to Perfeétion on a Dwarf than a Wall, which we feldom allow to thefe \ ' 1 . , \ . The Pmfizcal fruit—Gardener. thefe Summer Pears. It has a ihort thick Stalk and hollow fer, the Wood final 1 and in Leaf, and all relembling the Cuifle Madam before defcrib’d. It is but an in— difErent Bearer, and ihould for that Rea- fon be budded (rather than grafted) once or twice, as elfewhere directed. The Citron des Carmes or Bourdon Pear would be more valuable were it .not a little Stony next the Core; but being an early Pear merits a Place in this Col- III Citron d: C amm or Reunion July. leé’tion It has a tender Pulp, fugar’d. and musky Juice, and IS fomething fhap’d like the Rufielet. Thele are the chief Pears in 3:41}, but if any are defirous of more Kinds, thele that are under- mention ’d ripen this‘ i death, and are efleem’d by many, wz. The little Mufcat. Long-tail’d Blanquet. The Magdalen. Musk’d Blanquet. Mufcat Robart. Red Admiral, {‘9‘}. Tears I I 2 The Pmfiic‘al Fruit- Gardener. Tear: fife z'zz Augufl. $9833; The Month of Aug/fl produces many Eflzarie good Pears, one of the earlicft and bell: $23, of which is the Jargonell, a Pear we» have had a pretty while in England, ., though of French Extraction. It is a .long beautiful large Pear, tender Pulp, Juicy enough, nor have I obferv’d it to be lharp as lbme Defcribers have intimaa ted : It is of a RufTCI Red on the Sunny Side mix’d with Yellow, but green on the other generally {peaking It mui‘t be eat as foon as ripe, otherwife it is fubjeéi: to ’be mealy. ‘ Hamden's Hamden’s Burgamot very near refembles ‘ Burgqmvt the Autumn Burgamot, both in Shape, £233 Size and Colour, only it grows a little thicker towards the Stalk. The Juice is thick enough, but it is not 12) buttery as the Autumn Burgamot is; however it is an Harbinger, and reminds one of the Approach of that delicious Fruit, and is indeed in its Sealon valuable enough. The Name T lye Prafiéctal Fruit- Gardener. I I; ' Name feems to denote itS' being'of an Eng/27b Family, that has been for fome- time confpi-Cuoiis enough;..in this King- dom. ,, The Ber‘gaiiiot Rolhea is a larger Pear 13:01:22; than the former, but the Tree is not f0 77:“ ripeifi good a Bearer , it ought therefore to be “in?" budded or grafted on a Quince-Stock ; and if not then inclinable to bear, all thofe Methods ought to be try’d that I have elfewhere prelcrib’d. It 18 large, flat and round, the Pulp is tender and juicy, has a good Deal of the Tafie of the Au- tumn B‘ergamot, and is indeed a fine Pear, though not propagated by Nurfery Men 10 much‘ as it ought. The Ambrofia IS a good handfome fiz’d The Am- Pear, not much unlike that before- -men- infifape‘" -tion’,d and would be a valuable Fruit Augufi were not the Tree generally an ill Bearer. However, by the Methods I have laid down, I doubt not but this Pear may be ‘ difpos’d to bear tolerably well The Fruit is rather round than long, when ripe of a I fmooth‘ l 1 I4 7798 Pmfi’ical Fruit-Gardener. Imooth green yellow Skin, a rich delight- ‘ ful Tafie, and is indeed the very befl Pear we have till the Autumn Bergamot comes. This Pear came out of France, amongfl; that noble Collection of Fruit that was planted at the Royal-Garden in St. james’s Park, foon after the Refioration, but is now cut down. , The 0- The Orange Bergamot is f0 well 3:273:12,” known, that I need not take up. much inAugutl. Time in defcribing it. It has a rrch fu- gar’d and perfum’d Juice, round and fome- thing flat, a greenilh yellow ting’d with red, and generally a good Bearer. Th, 5”,”. The Summer Bonchretien would be a $23353}: noble fine Pear, and the beautifullefl Tree in Augtui. that grows, could we but by any means dilpole it to bear, tho’ that is what I could never yet fee; but the Methods 1 have in this Cale directed, are the mofl likely to anfwer, 1722:. giving it a great Deal of Room upon the Wall, both this and the Winter Kind affecting that Sort of Extravagance. It is of a fine longilh Shape \ The Pmfiical Fruit—Gardener. I 15' \ Shape like the Winter, but much {moo- ther and more regular, a pale greenifll yellow Coat if expos’d to the Sun, firip’d with red, the Pulp the finefl of any Peat we eat except the Bergamot, lhort, ten- der, and fomething perfum’d, pity it is fo ill a Bearer: And therefore it is worth the Study of the Curious to find out a Re- medy. I {hall finifli my Catalogue of Jugufl Peri: Raf-p Pears with the Petit RufTelet, a Pear 2:15; 1111': " pretty well known, the very Colour di- reéting us to its Name: ’Tis of a middle Size, longiih and handfomely lhap’d, of a greenilh Yellow, a dark blackilh Red on the Sunny Side, and the mofl: exquifitely perfum’d Tafle that is ;‘ but mul‘t be taken in Time before it is too ripe, becaufe it ' rots immediately when full ripe. Many of our Country Gardiners will have it to be a Kind of Katharine, but the Franc/.1 may jufily challenge this Pear to be their own as to Extraétion, and it is worth their Challenge. There are other Pears of no inconfiderable Value ripe in this I 2 Month, 1.16 ‘ 1 The Grojs Ruflelst ripe u the In um in; of Sep— tember Th! D17y- 9,371 0" Dean Pear rue in the éegirnirg o_/ cep- tcmber. Toe P m Eiliml Fwd—(W din/67187 Month, the chief of which I {hall only' jul‘t mention, viz. Fondant of Brell. C all olet. Robine. ' Callio Rolat. Poir de Role.- Le Boucher, 63%. Tear: rife in September. The Grofs RulTelet differs from the finall one juft defcribd, by being thicker and fliorter, the Skin not quite f0 polilh’ d, but more fpotted, is lomething later, and the JuiCe not quite to delicious. This is one of the Trees that is apt to grow Grofs and, not to bear well, and f0 has need of thole Corrections that are prefcribed for thofe Kind of Trees. The Doyenne or Dean Pear comes in the latter End of the hit Month, or be— ginning of this, and being lomething looner than the Burgamot, jufi obtains a Place in this Collection. It is a pretty large Pear, more long than round, ofa greenilh Yellow, but not a very high Flavour - It has a fweet Juice, with a little Musk, but ‘3 mui‘t , The PmEZi‘cal Eizzz‘t- Gardener. i1 7 ‘ mull be eat as {0011 as ever it is ripe, it ‘ being when very yellow and full ripe the worfi of Pears. ‘ \ The Autumn or Efigliflj BergamOt fuc- T/ae En- ceeds next in this Colleétion oi Pears, and °l m be" amat to a very good Purpoie, both in relpeé't ”'06 in to its Goodnefs as well as Antiquity, it bgf em- being not improbable, but that it has been an Inhabitant of this Ifland ever {ince the Time jztliur Cf/(‘li‘ conquer’d it. Pofli— .bly it was the A’j/jlrimz Pear of Virgil {@1044 Syrirf tmrzflam fmfifetj lay ibme Commentators, and was as may be deduéted from thence, Part of the ani-‘ ture of the once celebrated and famous Gardens of Altizzam. However, be that as it will, it is well known to havekall the good (lualities that can be found in aPear, and has no bad ones It does well either — 011 a Quince or Free- Stock, according as the Soil 15, heavy for the Qiince, but light for the Free- Stock, and though not quite 10 large, is better on a Dwarf or Stand than a Wall. I3 They ‘1 t 8 7736 Praflécal Fruit-Gardener. The Swifs The Pear next akin to the foregoing Fergama: .‘ . . rip: in is the Swils Bergamot, which on Account :35; of its being finely ftrip’d, ought to be éegifimfig brought in amonglt this Collection, thefe 329*” Streaks appear both in the WOOd as well as the Fruit, and ’tis pity this Kind is not more propagated than it is, there being little Difference as to the Goodnefs of either of them, they both have a flat Shape, the Eye or Crown {inking hollow in, the Stalk, ihort and fmall, the Skin when very ripe a little Yellowilh. ‘ The Vem The Verte Longuc, otherwife by fome f;;”“§‘;,_ call’d the Mr~ule Bouche, is defcrib’d by 33%;:in— thofe few Words in its Name as to Shape 71th o? and Colour- It bears excellently well, Cam" efpecially on a Free-Stock, and on a dry Soil is a good Pear, having a foft melting Pulp, but in moift Soils is good for no- thing. What chiefly recommends it is, that it bears the mofl Fruit of any Tree fig?" we have, the Ambret excepted. .ripc Sep- I referve the Buree de Roy to bring 2:233”? up the Rear of the September Pears. It affair. claims equal Merit with, and in fome De- grees ‘ 7796 Pmfiical Fruit-Gamma. grees excels any other yet named, or to be named; and I Inuit confefs my felf much at a Lofs which to give the Prefe- rence to, this or the Bergamot : For though this be the larger, the Bergamotx has the richer Tafle. It is fo well known, that I need not defcribe it; though this ought to be added for its Commendation, that it will fucceed on any Stock, either Free or Qiince ; but'iu regard that the Wood is weak, fcarce able to fupport its Fruit, the Free-Stock feems to be the moft to be preferr’d. The Pears ripe at or about this Time, are the Pendar, Salviati, Pour Sans Pe- pin, and many others of the preceding Month. Tears rife in October. 1I9 This Month abounds with many good rbe mo Pears, both the Meflieurs Jeanes deferve a Arlcflieurs 3mm: Place in the Fruit-Garden, on Account of "be In their Juice, which is very much fugar’d, and though both gritty are very valua- I 4 ble ftobcr wwmwnfiflwmm“ W -- i "av (11!“ !(ifl‘f'w‘ “1 avg: 1w .1.‘..." ,\ no The Prafiical Fri/it’C'afdmer. ble. The Golden Kind comes “the fooniel‘t,‘ and the Grey will keep longefl. 5‘1”:le {m d The Veil Longue Pear {irip’ d, is much of gr: up, the Nature and Goodnefs with the com- {grom— mon Veil Longue, being a Pear chiefly Valuable for its Beauty. I don’ t 1emem- , ber ever to have feen above one of . them, and that was fome Years ago in one of the Kitchin-Gardens at Hampton- Court, but_if I remember right it is not fo good a Bearer as the plain One : How- ever, one or two ought to be introduc’d amongfi the Collet‘iions of the Curious, and to be propagated more than it is a- mongfl Nurfery Men. if» any; The Green Sugar Pear is rather round (Slave than long, about as large as the common be“ Bergamot, of an excellent lugar’d Tafie, for which Realon it is much efleem’d by the Curious. It is a Tree that bears a _ great many, and has been along Time in - ‘ £72511;sz (though probably brought to us it from France) for I have leen Trees there of a hundred Years old, the Name de~ 1 ‘ notes the Colour and Taflc of the Fruit. 1 I;\: The Praffical Fruit-Gardener. It is a good Pear, but is much exceeded by thefe that follow. ‘ The Marquis .or Marehionefs pretty much refembles‘ the Blanquet, or fome of the fmaller Sorts of Bonchretiens on a good rich moil’t Soil,is near as large as mof’t Bon- chretiens are, but the Shape is much hand- fomer, the Head is flat, little eyed, the Crown funk inwards, big Belly’d, but re- gularly floping towards the Tail, which . is indifferent long, thick bent and hollow fet, the Skin flak’d a little with red, the Pulp very buttery, and ought indeed on all Accounts to be one of the firfi Value a- mongf‘t the Catalogue of Pears, efpecially‘ thofe ripe at this Time. The Crelanne Bergamot was very much el’teem’d by: her late Majel’cy Queen Aim, . if that will make any Addition to its Worth. It is large and round, greyilh, but grows yellower in ripening, diflblves in the ‘Month, has a fine Sugar Pulp, and Brisknefs very agreeable to" the Palate, is indeed one of the belt Pears that either this or any other Seafon affords. I clofe 12.1 Le Mar- quis ripe in 0&0- bet. The Ber- gamot of Crefanne ripe latter End of - Oflobet. I 2 7. i 7126 Pmfiical E/uit— Gardmer. 5:748:13!" I‘clofe the Pears of this Month with a ‘ 'Deicription of the Bezi de la Mot, which refembles the Ambret that is much bet- ter" known, only that ir is more {potted with red Spots; the Pear would be of more Efleem than it is, were it not that , there are now 12) many better Pears to rival it. There are Ifome other Pears that are not bad, were it not for many good ones that'eclipfe them this Month, viz. The RoufTeline Swans Egg excellent, Poir de Vigne Lanfao, $6. Tear: rife in November. nit/pine The Winter Thorn is an excellent Pear, 3173;; and hath the Honour to be a Contempo- .Z'korvnripe rary with the Ambret, ChafTery, and the $21111 St. Germain; it is doubtlefsly 12) named from the Thorninefs of the Bonghs, which is not common to grafted Trees but only this and the Ambr‘et: ’Tis fomcwhat of a longiih Shape, has a Sattin Skin and is between nwmwwwwv “ mm a i- . ~ ~ . .fi m, T'” n “mam”: ”W i . . . " xv, The Pita/flied] Plait-Gardener. between Green and White; it has a very tender buttery Pulp, an agreeable Tallc, fweet Juice and admirably perfum’d, does rather better on a Free than a Qiince- Stock. The Ambret is a very pretty Fruit, but not f0 large as the Winter Thorn, though in all other Refpeé’cs as good; but what makes this Pear of Value to the World, is the great (luantity of Fruit it always bears, for which Reafon I would recom- mend this Pear to any Body that has but little Wall-Room, rather than any Winter Pear I know of: The Tree grows thick and thoruey as the Winter Thorn does; the Fruh:is roundflh and has a cufious fugar’d Juice, but better on a Quince than a Free-Stock; it has a whiter Look and _ a more delicate Tafle on a light Ground than on a heavy, where it is more {potted and grey : This Pear deferves a South Wall, the Wood being {mall and weak; it is feldom planted for Dwarfs or Stand- ards. Monfieur {23 The Am. (ire! Pear ripe in Novem- ber. ’ETVWW'Wq-qusr'rr ”WW r-Iruwwu. w h ~ “~va ‘j‘i'W-K‘VRTH ' "f W , i. - I 24 k / T/Je' Pmfiécal .r’dmtrCaI/(Imér. Eggs“ Monfieu‘r'de [a QZlifltillie makes fome ripcin Difliculty in diflinguilhing this Pear from :‘r’j’em' the Ambret, but in my Opinion there is none. The Fruit, the Wood, and the na: tural Growrh of the Tree, are Diflinc'tions plain enough one from another; they are indeed fomething fliarp alike, but the Chaffery is longer \and larger than the other, This is an exellent Pear and it comes amongfi many very choice ones, has fcarce any Rival ; this Pear requires a good Wall, for it d0es not make a good Dwarf, at lcai’t we feldom try it that Way. 20%;?» The Virgoulee is a Pear that has been in Neflong in Efieem; of a true Pear Shape, :1 "ml“- \Yellow but delicious Pulp, green on the out-fide whengather’d, but turns yellow- ilh afterwards; it has the Misfortune to, drop off before it be well ripe, and to contraét the Tafte of the Straw or what— ever elfe it be laid upon, for which Rea- ion, though ’tis very neceffary to lay Straw or Fern or fome foft Matter for them to fall on , to preferve them from bruifing, 7796 Pmfiiml ”Huh-Gardener. bruifing, yet it ought not to remain there long, but to beremov’d immediately to Shelves of clean; dry Oak made for that Purpoie; the. Y‘ellownels and Juicinels of the Pulp is fuch, that when the Virgolee is par’d and has coutraéted no ill Talie, ~’tis in my Opinion a molt excellent Pear, but the St. Germain will flill maintain its Poft againi’t all the Pears of this Month. This V itgolee requires a good Wall, though it is fometimes planted on Dwarfs, ‘but I think to no great Purpofe Ii; I give the '.St Germain the preemi- The S, nenCe, though laft fet down, to all the Germain Pears that this Month produces, not on~ Pear ripe In No— ly on account of the Goodneis of the ‘Cmbe’ Fruit, but allo as it keeps long, and IS a Tree that Will do either for a Wall or ' Dwarf all which put together, makes it the mofl valuable Winter Pear we havze For though forne that are before nam’d are equal to it in Tafie, yet the mofl: of , them require a Wall either to fupport or! ripen them; this Pear is long and pretty big at the further End, the Colour Green ’ at 1"www*>irrv 126 7733 Pi‘afz’ical Hurt-Gardener. at firfi', but a little fpotted, the Wood of this Tree is remarkable enough to the Curious; the Fruit grows Yellow as it ripens, the Pulp is very tender but {ome- thing gritty , the Talte admirable good I think, though it has the Smack of the Lemon; it requires a Soil moderately moifl, and does heft on aFree-Stock. A . good Way to improve this Fruit on a Dwarf is, for Gentlemen that have a great many large Trees that they don’t make great Account of, to cut them down and new graft them, with this Pear, the Buree or Bergamot, and I will aITure them they will not repent their Cofl; they’ll hear well in three or four Years, and will produce Fruit as large and as good as any againl‘t a Wall, and in great Abundance, as has ibrne Years ago been experienced in his Majefly’s Gardens at Hampton Cow: with great Succefs. The bell Way to have thefe Pears in ; Perfection, is to gather them fomething 5 Green, and laying of them four or five Days in a Heap to fweat, {lore them in ‘ a Place 7793 Praéfical Haiti-Gardener. a Place that is neither hot nor cold, and Where the'Air may.not come to flirivel them. There are Other Pears which fome Peo-‘ ple like, that ripen this Month, of which I ihall only give a Lifl, being afraid that the defcribing them will take up too much Room: befides, thofe already mention’d are fufficient for any Gentleman’s Table. Petit-Oin, St. Andrew makes a LouisBone, good Dwarf} La Bezi de Cuifiey Le St.‘ Augufiin. Spauifll Bonchrctien, Tear: rife in December. Befides the Germain and feveral other Pears of the‘preceding Month that are yet in great Perfcéfion, there fucceeds the Colmar and ibme others to furni’fh the Tables of the Curious this lafi Month likewife. The Colmar is a melt excellent Pear ri- The Ca!- mar 7'7?! . valing the Winter Bonchretien, to which it "’ DC cem: Der, has 13 dilly. S ‘7 w r 57' “3"“ YT?" 'v "Z§:‘*‘Iu_~_ I 2.8 7796 PI-‘dfiical Fruit-Gardener. has fome fort of Refemblance, and from whence ,it is fuppos’d to have its Original: It has. a large flat Head, funk pretty hol-_ low in, though towards the Middle being the Belly, it- is larger than the Head, _ which diflinguilhes it from the Bonehreti- en; the Stalk is ihort and thick, generally . crooked by the Weight of theFruit; the Wood is of a dark Brown fpeck’d with . whitifh Spots. it requires the belt South afpeéiedWall you can give it, for \venever truit it in England either for Dwarf,- Efpa- lier, or Standard; the Fruit ihould be ufed ‘ in the fame Manner as the St. Germain to keep it from wrinkling, and then it will lafi till the End of [Wart/J: Its Maturity ‘ is n0t known by its turning Yellow, f0 _’ {0 much as by its yielding to the lmpref- ,, lieu of the Thumb. The 5:. In perufing Monfieur dt’ [4 Quintz'm'e’s , Martial Collection of Pears, I do not find the 1:13;)" St. Martial at leal‘t by that Name, neither - cember, has it till within this fifteen or fixteen 33mm“ Years been much propagated or known W. in Eikgland: The late noble and mofl publicls .er A’vx’flwhflh « 1 7776 Pr [Vital Emit-Gardener. publick fpirited Encourager of Arts and Sciences, efpeciallyfiardeniiig, his Grace the Duke of Montague was one of the firll Perfons that had them in his Gardens at sz'ttoIz, from whence they have been propagated into fame of the Nurferies about London and in the Country. It is of the Size and Shape of the Bonchretien, but free from its Faults, of a bright Straw- Colour with fome Black Spots ; the Pulp 'is fugary and juicy, and has a very vinous Tafle; it requires as all thefe later Pears do, one of the bell Afpeéts you have, and then ’tis a Fruit much efieem’d.~ 4 The Bonchretien D’ Hyver or Winter 129 7}}! I’I’iflr Bonchretien, is doubtlefs f0 call’d. from a let Bon- peculiar good Quality it has of not rot- (firemen Dear ripe ' ting at the Heart, but beginning its decay in Dr— from the Exteriour Part. This Pear cember, Jdlzuil y, equals, if not excells, any, Fruit yet named 076- as to Antiquity ; but as to its Good’ncfs, is rival’d both by the Colmar and St. Mar- tial, that are his Contemporaries. It is a Pear f0 well knOWn, that I need not go K about 130 The Fugi 6r [infler Ira-Cam )I 779? PmEZéca/l Fruit— Gardener. about to defcribe it; but it mufi be noted, ' that the feveral Kinds of them that are ' ‘ ripe about this Time, are only one and the fame, “alter’d as they fometimes are by the Difference of Soils, Afpeéts, and ‘ Seaibns, all which confound our Nurfery- Men, fo as that they would fain perfuade us, that there are an endlefs Progeny of Bonchretiens. I need but jufl mention that this Tree requiresone of the befl Walls we can afford it, and does better on a ‘ Quince than a Free-Stock; yet whoever has a generous Soil and Room enough for it to run, would do well to graft or rather bud it on a Free-Stock, efpecially in Eng- land, fince I have' feen one of thefe Trees thus propagated, growing againfi the End of a Houfe that has been thirty Feet wide and thirty Feet high, which is nine han- dred Feet fiiperficial, and wonderfully full of large Fruit. The Bugi or Eafler Bergamot is :1 Fruit that keeps the longefi of any other. The fruit from Shape of it is not unlike the common Ber- Detim- , her to Mulch. . . . I gamot, but the Colour is not like it (tho ‘ an a» 'tewwrm‘;WWv-‘ . ' . , ,1 3‘4.» wharf ' m a", _ xix; ‘riu'P/é , $1,374. ”"1331 The Prafii'cal Fmit- Cart/61267". i 3 i an ingenious Practitioner in Gardening has fo put it doWu.) Inflead of a dark it has a raw greeniih Coat, fpeckled with little Grey Specks, which become Yellow as they ripen ; the Pulp is both tender and firm, and eats pretty fliort; fliould be gathered green, and order’d as Was before directed in the St. Germain; it has a Smackof SOWerillinefs, which Ought to‘ be help’d by Sugar, and is chiefly valua4 ble for outlafling all thofe of its Kind: If is a Pear that has been in England fome’ time, there being one againfi fome of the Buildings at Hampton Court, that Were erected as ’tis faid by Qieen Elizaéez‘b, and the Tree appears t'o be of that Age. There are now font or five Pears for o_/ lvakz'r'z‘g’ Baking or Stewing which are excellent,- ”33/; the Poir d’ Livre, Golden B6115 Englilh‘ Decem- Warden, Parkinfon’s Warden, but above ::;’J:;‘: all, the Cadillac, for that noble Rednefs ’ it has when bak’d excells any yet nam’d; There are feveral other Pears both for Eating and Baking that are‘in‘ Per; feétion in thefi: Months, a Catalogue K 2 . Only I32 r \ W 1 new...“ wig The mez’z'cal Fruit-Gardener. only of which, I lhall prefent to the curi- ‘ ous Reader, leaft I {hould tire him with Defcriptions. The Amadot, Paflourelle, Grand Fremont,‘ Poir d’ Reaville, Frank Real, Ruffelet d’ Hyver, Citron d’ Hyver, Portaile, Double Flower, Carmelite. But thofe above deleribed, are as many as any Body can allow Walls for, few of thele being fit for Dwarfs here in England. @@@@@@@@@@@@ C H A P. XVIII. 0f Afflt’l. Owever fome Countries excell us in other Kinds of Fruit, yet we may juflly claim the Preemincnce in this \of Apples, it being :1 Fruit particularly adapted «, m. ,, r.- 7716 Pmfiical Fruit— Gardener. adapted to this Region and Climate, being between the two Extreams of Heat and Cold, and therefore more proper for them than the more warm and foutherly Parts of Itagy, Spain, and France, or the more northerly and inclement Regions of Ger- many, Mufcavy, &c. And it is worthy Note, that there is little or no Kernel— F1 u1t beyond the Line. The French indeed (who would fain’ be the firfl in every thing) will fcarce allow us here in England, to have any Fruit that is valuable, but what comes-' from them: And though there are fome good Sorts of Fruit in the Countries over»- againfl usof'Normmmjy and Brittany, 86C. and perhaps fome about Tank, yet what are their Coufinots, Orgerans, Francatufes, 'Fennilets, Calvilles, Haute Bontes, and a bundance more hard Names compared with our Pcrmains, Gilliflowers, Pippins, Reynets, and the like, not to mention the Nonparcil, and the feveral Sorts of» Ruffctings, concerning the Original of which they would needs contend wit-h us ? K 3 Though 13.3 E. l ‘1 , toy or WWW r34 7% Prafiical Fruit Gardener. Though there are forne Trees of this Kind of above a hundred Years Standing in England; yet inch is the natural Arrow gance of- thoie People, that when they, can but once get Pofiemon of any Fruit and put one of their cramp. Names on it, it is immediately their own; and {0 like 11 Crow, they firut With Feathers borrow- ed out of other People’s Caps. But be this as it will, I have chofe inch Apples out of, both Collections as Itake to be , mofl valuable for the Table, Kitchen, and Confervatory; not concerning my ' felf with Cyder—Apples that more proper- ly belong to another Head. I 1",}; jun- ‘ The Juneting or Jenneting is a {mall 5;??an yellowiih Apple, red on one fide. If plant-~ june. ed, is ripe at the End of 7mm, from ‘ whence it takes its Name, and though fmall, is indeed a pretty Fruit for early Variety. ' ‘ cm Pam- The Pomroy or King Apple ripens near Km! AP as foon as the other, and though not f0 fie. beautifully colom’d, is bigger and much better tailed The '1 3333 The Pmfiical Hub-Gardener. 13 5 The Maudlin or ‘Magdalen- Apple “it Mar? comes thefnext in our Lift. It is a fair 013222;” and beautiful Fruit, yellow and firip’d JP910- With Red, early ripe, of a delicate Tafle, fweet Sceiit, generally eat off the Tree; and the Truth is, that this, and all thefe o- ther early Apples {hould be one of each at leafl: planted againi‘t a Wall, which makes them much fairer, though I mufl cont‘el‘s not the better tailed. The Frank Ranbourge is a large Franc/2 :12: "1”" Apple, with red Streaks over its Coat,/;ourge. the Shape is broadifli, is pretty early, and being good in Sweetmeats, merits a Place in the Garden. . The Red and White Calville are both The rm! large longifll Apples, of a good Vinous gift" Tafie, iome Red and forne of a White - Pulp; the White is reckon’d of the 11109; delicious Tafie, but both are very good though the White. is efieem’d the heft. 7 The Golden Pippin is well known, and ran-um indeed the Freya/J own it, to be of 13mg; ";“""’" 12/}! Extraétion; is of a longilh Form, rte—l- low as Gold, the Juicethereof is V-Cry fi‘.’ e:: H, O ”KNEE" "W q " Tb? Prmu d' Apr. mummy-w :75": < mu . ii ~ ---'.’ ‘ » i, A‘s-«at ‘vl‘.: » , ‘4‘. ‘ ii a u \ z 7796 Pmfiicczl Hurt-Gardener. fweet, the Skin (efpecially where ex‘pos’d to the Sun) is often freckled with ¥ellow Spots; ’tis certainly the 'mofi ancient as well as moftexeellent Apple that is. The Pome d’ Api is likewiie of antique Date, much valued for its Colour being, a brisk Red, the Juice ibft and fugar’d, and not iubjeét to that Smell which Apples ‘ often contract by lying long, efpecially oft/1e Nonpurcil the Golden Pippin. The Tree is a good Bearer, and the Fruit is not fubjeé't to be ihaken off" by the Concuflion of the high Winds ; and it muit be obferv’d, that the longer they hang on the Tree the better their Colour is. The Nonpareil {hall bring up the Rear in this Lift of Apples, being a Fruit f0 de- fervedly valued for the Briflcnels of its Tafle, the lovely Rufret.of its Coat, fo much improv’d it‘expos’d to the Sun, that et'en the Colour equals the finefl Rufets, and the Tafle is incomparably better. This Apple is no Sranger in England; though it might have its Original from Frame, yet there are Trees of them about the 9V3 "4‘. 4w muefiaififi‘“; :; A" . « ”16,59, 4; i, ,, ryfiMWwSe 2 W“ 7706 Prafiical Fruit—Gardmer. the 1117950725 in OAfirdfiire, of about ahun- dred Years old, Which (as they have it by Tradition) was firl’t brought out oFFrmzte and planted by a Jefuit in (been [Vary or Queen‘Elizaéet/a’s Time. The great Improvement that is made _to the Bearing of this Fruit as well as Golden Peppin on Paradife Stocks isnwell known, andtheir beautiful Afpeéts in Pots and in the mid- dle of a Delert, has been the Glory of one of the mofl generous Eneouragers of Gardening this Age has produced, I mean the Right Honourable the Lord C(zflle— mam. _ I lhall trouble my Reader with no more» Defcriptions of Apples , thofe ~I have mention’d being the chief I have met. with, but the following Catalogue however may not be amifs for him to perufe, as they are efleem’d by lome Perfons. ' July Flower, . Herefordfliire, Kentilh . . , ‘ White Permain, / Kerton PIP P m, Golden Monday, 'Holland Pippin, Pearfon’s Pippin, - Golden ( . 137 - or " 138 From when“ if}? brought. 7756 Pmfiz'cal) Fruit— Gardener. Golden Rennet, John Apple or Summer g1) _ Deux-Ans, Qieen’s ermain, Harvey Apple, Lones, But above all for Bak- Golden Doucer, ing, Dr. Bernard’s Qiince Apple, Apple. \“0 S" \w §§§ 7n§ 5A \W/ "1’ ‘7’ 3'.” 1?" 3'.” S!" 8‘." 31'” 3‘” SW 3‘” \V/ \W \W/ \w \w \w \w- AZA 2.4 mt ’mé M hé 7A be m: 73 5,34» \9 .o (g: . C H A P. XIX. Of Cberrier. I HE Cherry Tree rightly contends for the Trecedeme to all other Fruit, in refpeét to its Earlinefs, it being the firfi: of the Arborefcent or Tree—Fruit that ap. pears to welcome in the approaching Sea~ fon of Fruit. ' Thofe who have wrote concerning Gardening, tell us, that Cherries came originally from Cam/mite a Maritime City of Cafpadocia, from whence Luca!- lm brought them after the Mitbrz'dra— rick War into It‘d)” Which (a learned Au- ‘7 the: " % *WJKMA «NW -,~,, ‘afi'zmwtuamfim warrants-m4. as , ,33 @v l ~' iafiz‘ij; ‘ . .~. 779: melical Hair-Gardener. thor obferves) fo'generally pleas’d there, and were f0 eafily propagated in all Cli— mates, that within the Space of an hun- dred Years having travell’d Weflward from the Roman Conquef’ts, they grew common as far as the Rhine, and f0 pai‘s’d over into Britain. _ But not to bellow too much Time in this Introduétion, there are about a dozen Sorts of this Fruit valuable, a Catalogue of which I {hall prefent my Reader with, ; as they fland in the Lift, either for their Earlinefs of Ripening or Goodneis. The fmall May firft ripe reunites a > good Wall to expedite it. May Duke of two kinds, one in. Per, feétion in M4} and fame, the other in 3211} and Augufl; is an excellent Fruit, and . bears well againfl a Wall, flmp’d like the Flanders but larger. One ought to plant as many of this Kind of Cherries as of all the rePt, becaufe it comes alone and fooner than any other. There are about feven Sorts of Heart- Cherries all very good, but I place the Lulzew ard 139 May C berry; a; fly D35? (Slurry, ‘cvera’ SONS I}? L' 7: arei: or Heart Cherries- I40. 7706’ PI’deical H'rzit— Gan/emf. Lukeward foremofi, being the beft of Cherries, the bleeding Heart next, very * good and remarkable enough for a Tear _ The Car- tarion Cbtfr)’. The Mo‘ "Us Citr- ry. or Drop that hangs at the End ofit The AGalcoigne is alfo very good, and fame-V thing earli ei than either of the others Then Black, Amber, Red and White Hearts, are all difiinguilhable from one another on- ly by their Colours, but are much inferior to the full three mention’d. The Carnation Cherry is a molt deli-y eate Fruit either for the Table or Con- fervatory; but is no extraoadinary Bearer. _ However, one or two ought to be plant— ed for its charming Variety. The Morella or Milan Cherry are now in as great Efleem as the richefl Cherry that grows, as well for the Table as the Confervatory, for being eat with Sugar they are very valuable. The Trees are well known to be great Bearers, and will profper 10 well againfl a North Wall, that Iadvife the Planting one whole Wall ; let- it take up a Dozen or two of Trees en— the) y with them. ‘ A Gen- 7706 Praflflcfl Fruit- Gardener. A Gentleman,“ of Efléx, tells me, that ( * he has a Kind of Cherry that is perfeétly Green in his Garden, which I have. endea- vour’d to get increas’d in fome of our Nur- feries about Loizdorr, viz. at Mrs. Oram’s in Brampton-1mm, and I hear that her Neighbour Mr. Blind has had Tome of the ! Cuttings fome Years All thefe Cherries are budded or grafted I; a" I4'i of; flat C15::ry. iii-Sat I 'ltvau _ on Cherry Stocks, either taken out ofthe 5 lg to ; Woods, or rais ’d from Stones; but the lat- 'aJeCfrr- ter are the bell. The common Black- Cherry Stone is what is mofl: us’d and ap— prov ’d of for crafting or budding on, 5 which fliould be23 performed within :1 Foot :of the Ground even for a flandard Tree, as Ilhall note more at large in anOther ‘Place. , StandardCherries bEar much better than tiarf Cherries do; for which Reafon, it .is advifeable to plant a Standard Cherry‘ >between every Pear or Peach Tree round your Walls, but not many Dwarfs, fince :Peaches, Winter-Pears and Plums are pro- :per for that Purpofe. And, as it is ob- - fervabie, «la: 01¢. ; “(17.3.2115 4 came, :5: 51': RC}, Er; ,3 :42 Th: Rea- [mr wbya Standard Tm (for: [mar Ect— n'r than a Dwarf. The Praflical fruit—Gardener. fervable, that Cherries when planted as Dwarfs in the open Air, never beat f0 Well as Standards do, I rather direfl: the Planter to have his Cherries all of half Standards, that is, thofe that branch out at about four Foot high. The Reafons why Standard Cherries (or indeed any other Standard Fruit) bears better than Dwarfs do, is that the Sap in its Sublimation and Afcent is more ‘rari- fy’d and ftripp’d of thofe Crudities that Would otherwife be of no other Ufe to‘ the Tree, than to put forth Boughsand Leaves: And I mufi own, I am not able, to comprehend (amongfl many other i Myfleries the curious Philofophers andl Virtuolo’s of this Age involve us in) hovv'~ there ihould be two Sorts of Sap unmix’d.‘ one with another, tlnt ihould go one to: the Produc‘tion 0t Fruit, and the other to: the Produé’ti on of Branches and Leaves: This, I fay, as well as that Circulation: they would contend for, is to me very; myl‘terious. And I rather think, that the; Superfluity of the Sap, after it has done: its: 77x Prafiical Fruit-Gardener. its Office in the Formation of the Boughs, Leaves and Fruit, perfpires through the Leaves, and evaporates into the Air, which is the Occafion that all woody Situations are damper than others. ' But this I leave for the more Curious to explain. It may not be amifs in this Place to add as to Cherries, that fome of them be planted in North Afpeas, in order to have them late: But of this and the Ar- ticle above-mention’d, Ifliall fay more‘in another Place, when I come to treat of the Accelerating and Retarding of Fruit. K CHAP. XX. 10f V iner. The Situation and Soil proper fbr. them, &c. A Lthough I have in the Beginning of . this Treatife given fome general (Direétions for the Situation and Soil pro- per ~ 143 r'" WW - ‘ ., . / . MV VWW . , & WWW... ”MSWTWWZ . , ' l I 144 Sail. Sinution. On what Bottom. i 7766 Pmfijcal Fm}!- Gardener. per for Fruit-Gardens, €632. yet as the Vine in many Cafes requires a very dif- ferent Management from all other Fruit- Trees, I ihall in the enfuing Chapters fet down what has occurr’d to me either in Books or Practice, for the Culture of a. Fruit fo much defircd, and fo little un— deritood. Let a proper Choice be made of a light Sandy or Chalky Ground, not too rich, nor yet very poor; if it be a little Stony on the Surface, it is not to be rejected: And for its Situation 1 would chufe (if I could have a certain Choice) that Side or Declivity of a Hill lying to the South or South-Eat}, which if favour’cl with o- ther Hills fomcwlmt higher, cloath’d with Wood on the North North-Eafli, and North-Weft, will be fo much the better for the breaking the Severity of tliofe pe-i rilhing erters. \ The Soil ihould be light, having a Bot- tom of Chalk or Gravel under a Surface of about two Foot deep, and free from? Springs , tor it cannot be too hot or too 1 dry, r" The Prafiical sz't- Gardener. I 45 dry, provided the Ground be not in its oWn Nature f0 Very barren, that nothing “will growiupon it, which is difcoverable ~in that no "Herbage, Brambles, 89%. will thrive ther‘e. ‘ But if itbe given to Brambles, it is Sign: org greatly preferable for all Sorts of Fruits PNPem"‘ to any \other’ Soils, how much richer foe- ver they are ; for moi‘t certain it is (as an ingenious Author on this Subjeét has it) There is m Plant whatever f5 cammtztmt to Fruit-Trek, and to t/ae Vim) eflfietz’al, :1}, as this humble and repent 67er 1'5, 'whilfi moifi cold four Land, produces only Gorze, Furze, and other Trumpery, the certain Sign and Indication of its Morofla. "net's and ill Qialities: But more who ihali pleafe to take Notice of the Places in ‘ which Brambles mofily flouriih, being ge- nerally in the dryelt Banks, hilly and hot {tony Places, will eafily infer how much they re'femble the Vine, though the Pa- rallel may well extend to Fruits in this Particular. True it is, they ‘will come up ‘ L and: 146 "Me Pmfiiml Hub-Grammar. I and flouriih in mqifl wet Places alfo; but- it is in the other, that they profper more. kindly, bear goodly Fruits, and in molt Plenty; which fliould particularly direét all thofe that plant on cold heavy Soils, . to take out the natural Clod about two Foot deep, and four or five Foot {'quare, and put in fome of the good Mold as {hall , be hereafter more certainly directed.» 2:353:33 That I have infifled on this Remark C’Jtiu- of having a chalky and gravelly Bottom, is the Refult of my own Obfervations for many Years (incited thereto by fome ways found it to be true, that in chalky Lands efpecially (and the fame may be {aid of Gravel, which is not Springy or ~ Spawy) Grapes in particular are the lar- gel}~ and fweetefl of any; and that parti- cularly Weftwards‘, where that Bottom is in molt Plenty, we dare challenge even ‘ Tarir it felf to excel us; as well we may alfo on the fame Account on out Gravel- f '. ly Soils about Twittenbzzm, S/Jem, Tbi- l ’ fllewortb, good Authors on this Subjeét;) having al~ ‘ TbevPrac‘Ziml Bait-Gardener; . I 4 7 _ I fllewort/J, Richmond, and feveral other ‘ Places about ’Lorzdozz, of which * Sir William Temfle has fo long ago left us: (and that with. great Reafon) luch excel— lent Marks of his Apptobation and Efieem. But that I may not loie my View of the Perfon of whole Friendlhip I have {ffg’jv had fuch Proof, the Reverend Mr. 0121} WM #2} of Cattefmore in Rutlaml (lometime fince fizz; “ deceas’d :) From him I have often heard, Ga’dim'“ ,that fome Grapes and other Fruit, tal’ted by him in feveral Places on and near the Weflern Downs, whofe Bottom is of the fame Kind with thofe mention’d before, that they were at leaPt equal, if not more excellent than any he ever tafied abroad ; whofe Teflimony I mention, in that he was known to be one of the molt Curious Lovers of Gardening that this or any 0- ther Age has produced, and the Gardens where he taf’ted them, were at too great a Diflance from his own Native Soil to make him Partial. : Vid. Sir William Temple's 5,722}; m Gardening 1* 2'. But w ":1 :3. ‘ i . g 48 \ 3796 Prafiéeal Fruit—Gardener. ' 5W “4- 2. But to return, if the Land has lain ‘at 53,327: good while in repofe, and not of many £212"? "’e Years exhaufied by the Plow or Spade, : ' where the green Swarth covers thole gen» tle Rifings, there make Choice of your Soil (and Situation too) if agreeable to your main Scheme; but let it not be toO. much exposid to the Rudenefs of the~ Wearher,and in the Month of 3m} when the Earth is very dry and combul’tible,‘ and where ’tis very crufly, diipoiethe Turfs in {mall Heaps, burn and fpread the Allies over the Land, as it is praétis’d in the Downs Wel‘tward (which I take to be forne of the belt Soil fOr Fruit in E7;- gland) and in fDecember or jammy fol- lowing, either trench it' in, if it be the Place where your Plantation is to be, or ' otherwile plow up the Ground, and mix the Afhes all together, and then carry it to the Border where it is to be us’d, '4»; Em}; and you will have 21 111011 excellent Mix- 21’5”:ka ture for Vines, either newly planted, or 37230:? elie renew’dgvherever the old Earth is ex— ,fg,,,,:,,, haufied or worn out;~ and With this Earth it. ., ’ . T/ae Prafizcal Frwt Gardener. it is, that I Would advife all Planters of Vines, and indeed of other Fruits, to re- frefli and diéis their Borders, for once or ~iwice at tWo Or three Years diflance, as you Ree your Ground Wear out; always reme'r'nbring to change your Dreffes as they do in Corn Lands. Sea Sand is likewife a very excellent 91:13“; fpirituous Mixture for Vines, as well " as,other Fruit— Trees, efp‘ecially Peaches, where it can be had 111 proper Quantities and near at Hand. There is fomething in all Kinds of Fruit that require the mofli Volatilizd and briflzef’t Compoi‘t (as well as Flowers,) that ’tis hard for any Planter to err in his Endeavours to procure r'ea-r fonable Quantities of this, as Well as the Other fore mention’d Kinds To p1oceed, the chief Realhn why I ”8 Rm- Would have that Declivity and Aipeétjfl: ”H before mentiOn’d, as being inoft fit for 42,1 Do 0111! Purpofe, is, that Hills are not wafer-1 13 fubjeét to morning Fogs and infeétibus‘ mm“ ‘2; Mif‘ts as. lower Grounds 2116; ' befides, flat Lands do not enjoy the Benefit of the Ri-i L 3 , {111g .11, 41,- \aa , ' ‘i‘rfiflfigg"; ". ' . bill x17: Obj:- t’fiou ex- plain'd and an’ 7 frucr'd. 7126 Pmfi’ical Fruit—Gardener. fing Sun fo foon as higher GrOunds do," nor does it flay ['0 long on them in the Evening, fo that there are fome precious Hours in’the Day loll; and it ‘is fit I. ihould remark, that it is in this, that other Countries excel us, finee thefe generous Plants do above all Things afl‘eét Heat, and a Sublimity of Situation (provided they be well defended from Winds) as is . Vifible to thofe that fee them growing on the Declivity of Rocks, and elevated ‘ Places in the Cafe of Good Hope or elfe- where; and efpeeially after the Fruit is found and approaching its Maturity, Vines particularly, never complain of too much Heat or Drought, but extend their Roots into the Chafins and Clefts of the Rocks, there imbibing a well digel‘ted Salt that imRregnaECS it with fuch generous Juices. _ ‘ I know how much I {hall be blam’d in endeavouring to confine all Lovers of Gardening to this or that particular Soil orSituation, as being the belt or molt ‘Advantagious; nor indeed do I ever do I It 7176 Prac‘lical E‘zzét‘Gtzrzlmer. it in relation to Gardening in general; but there is'methinks 16 great a Satis- faction in a well fituated Fruit-Garden, in refpeét to its Security and other Advan- tages, that I hope my Reader will excufe me in pleading hard for it, and that it be not confin’d 'to this or that particular t Part or Qrarter of the Houfe or Garden, but be rather detach’d and fee apart at any reafonable Diflanee: And this not ‘ altogether on Account of its Profperity, , but for its Privacy, where being Well Wall’d in, and fecur’d from Thieves and other impertinent Perfons, the Owner may retire with his peculiar Friends, and may there enjoy the fweetell and molt ' eminent Repafis that Providence in this fublunary State affords us. For I mull 'alfo beg Leave to fay (in Addition to what is jul’c now fet down) that one of the greatefl Faults in all our Elzglé/Iy Plealure-Gardens is in the walling them in, thereby immuring ones felf from Prolpeét in the firfl Place, expofing your Fruit to every one that walks there, ' L 4 and 15f WW MAWW“ a .151 The Prac‘z’ical Fruit— Gardener. and which is a Fault as remarkable as any, when they are thus wall’d there can be no Shade, which is allow’d to be one of the greatefl Pleafures of a Garden; but this will be more proper to difcufs in another Place. From this general View of the Soil and Situation, proper for Vineyards and Fruit Gardens, let us proceed to the Particulars to beob— ferv’d therein. CH A P. XXI. Some general ‘Dz‘refl‘iom about T1472:- , ifig, tbere being mutiam againfl the -. fPl/mting of Fruit-Treat, Viner, &c.. in too Vic/J or too deaf 4 Soil. Mongfl the feveral Errors that have . . been committed in Planting Fruit. Trees for many Years, that of Planting in too rich and too'deep Soil, feems to be (under the Notion of extraordinary Care) 77x ’ Prafiical 1%};- Cafdéher. Care) of the worn 'Confequence; for though it may be thought a Paradox, that Fruit-Trees can be planted in too good a Soil, yet I will venture to lay it down as as one of the mofl evident Truths in‘ Gar— dening, that there are and have been more Plantations come to nought by this one Fault, than by all others put together; fo - little Confiderate, and f0 much mifiak~ en are Planters, in this the molt eflEntial Part of Planting. Hence many or molt of thofe that have“ wrote concerning Gardening, and iome of great Account in their Praétice, have made Choice of the befi and richefl Lands to plant in, Without any Regard had to” other Circumfiances; not confldering that the Deepnefs and Fatneis of the Earth contributes more to the Luxury of the Branches, the Amplitude of Leaves, and Precipitation of the Roots, than to the natural and jul’t Extent of the Stem, Plena ty, and Excellency of Fruit, for which alone, thefe Kind of Plantations are the molt defired. In 1.53 154 \ 7796. Pmfiical Fruit- Gardener. In rich and loamy Land, Fruit-Trees do indeed grow more abundantly, than where Chalk and Gravel are the Ingredi- ents of the Soil, whofe Surface of Mould is-uot deep. One Foot or 21 Foot and half A at moll being fuchient, provided the ' Bottom be a hard Chalk, Rock, or Gra- vel, for this hinders the Roots from going too deep, forcing them to fpread more towards the Top; by which Means the tender and fibrous Roots receive the re- ’frelhing Showers, which impart Life and Vegetation to them, aflified by the cher- ilhing Warmth of the Sun; whilfi thofe that are deeper buried grow only fertil in watery and infipid Leaves and overgrown Branches without Fruit: The Mould and Matrix in which they lye, being altoge- ther fluggilh and unaétive for want of Heat and the prolific Powers of the Sun. And hence it is that we fee it) many Fruit-Trees (efpecially fome of our befl: Pears and Plums) though plentifully a- dorn’d with large Branches, yet the Budds i are f0 thin, and fet on at fuch a Diflance, as 7796 meZic‘al FruitéGm-‘zz’mer. I 5 5 as (during the Time of their Growth and Bloom) certainly denotes Barrennefs; whilfl on the other Hand, Thofe planted in a lefs luxuriant Soil 1/12 was grow as thick of Knots and turgid fwel— 31,3512: ing Budds as a Man’s Finger is of Joynts, which ought to be a particular Memoran- dum for the Pruners, who lhould make it their Bufineis to difiinguiih between good and bad Wood. _ But to return (though elfewhere men- tioned) ’tis to this miflake‘n Indulgence in the Choice of rich Soils, 556. is oweing that extravagantly luxurious GrOWth of large ufelefs Wood in Fruit-Trees, which are hardly governable by the Knife or by ‘ having their own Range; for they gene- rally fpeaking, grow knotty, {tabby ,‘ . or gummy, which fpoils the Beauty of the Tree, and incapacitates it for Bearing. Rich Soil to a young Tree being the fame as Brandy to a young Child, entailing fuch a Number of Difeafes, as terminate in the entire Deflrué‘tion of them both. I know PYA‘TWKW‘L “W" " ‘ .« .: n u ‘ 15*6 Ybei'l’mélz'cal Hull—Gardener. “'0” 0/ , l know there are feveral PhilOfophefs £2122: both ancient and modern, who treating 3:12;; of the Production of Fruit, proceed on the’ ”Mb": fame way as they do in their Confiderati- On about the Generation of Animals. In Com- m Animals (fay they) do not procreate’ 27,211,347" their like, but when they are in their and Page Vigour, Generatzon being an A5? of V2- ;:;:f;:f,’fe game in all ”antral Troduflz'om, - and a further, zbat, in all the [Works of Na- ture, tbe Caufl’ 1': known by tbe Efifir; and may ebctmordiimry Efléfi mu]? be frodzlc’d by aflzitablc Strengtb and V igour in it: flgem‘. Thefe indeed are plaufible Arguments, but no ways adapted to the Vegetative Syfiem; fince Experience tells us, that though the abundance of Richnef's and Moillure which makes the Tree pro- ' duce a great Quantity of Branches and Leaves is an Effect of their VigoUr, yet BloHoms and Fruit on Trees are Signs of their Weaknefs, or that they have but lit-‘ m ride Quintinie': R: flcifz'om P 74. Chap. 21. t‘le fie Prafiical Fruit-Gardener. I 5 7 t1: Sap; nay, even in the animal Syi‘tem it felf, this Notion of theirs does not al- . ways hold good, fince We daily obferve that the mofl robul’t, lufiy, and fat Perfons whofe‘ Office is Procreation, are the leaft prolific. From this Obfervation then, A Cani~ Gardeners mull be very careful how they 0" ’0 CW?- draw Inferences from Speculations in Phi— m" lolophy, till Experience it felf has c’onu ' vinc’d them of the Truth of them, fince *tis to this, that all the Mil’cakes and erro- neous Opinions in Vegetation as well as other Philofophy have had their Rife. On the contrary, as what may be faid from Experience, it has been and is to be laid down as an undeniable Maxim in Gar~ dening, that how much a Paradox foever it may feem, Bearing i; an Efifi of a - certain kind of Imfoteme or li’mérzefi; whilfl on the contrary, a great Number of Branches Without Fruit, are [/26 E2726}: of its extraordinary Vigoz/r From hence‘ the Practitioner mui’t infer, T mom; that he ought not to plant his Fruit- Trees A”! in, too rich a 50:1, but {hould fuite it to the .. , , ._. . _ Yifiblfi: ~i158 7796 Pmé’flcal Ewit- Gardener; vifible Signs that all forts of Fruit carry with them oftheir Strength or Weakneis; thus the red and white Nutmeggs amongfi the Peaches {hould have the richer Soil, whilft the Magdalen and Montaubon and feveral others that are too apt to flmot vigorous and ftrong, ihould have a leaner and lighter Soil, and [0 on through Pears, Plums, @6. according to their natural Vigour or Weaknefs. I don’t by this mean, that any Tree fhould be planted in a worn-out exhaufied Soil, but in fuch, that though it be frelh, yet is not over rank or rich, and above all that it have not too much Dung, the Bane and Poifon of Fruit-Trees. To finifh this Section, on which I had not been fo long nor re) particular, had I not {een it in daily Experience, and even in many Places of Note, not omitting fome of the Royal Plantations themfelves that have mifcarried on this Account, and that in much lefs than twent‘y Years, the Beauty of their Collections are all decay’d, and the Trees languilhing and dyeing. ' May 7796 Praé'z’ical Fruit- Gardener. May this then remain as a cautionary In- veétive againfl this plaufible Error, and let us proceed to the Method we ought M principally to take, as the proper and pru- dent Steps, whereby we may hope to ob- tain our End, which {hall be the Subject of the next Chapter but one. I C H A P. XXII. Of the fiveral Kinds of Vine: proper for tbi: Climate of Sow/2 Britain. Aving taken a View of the Situa- tion and Soil proper for Vines, and directed fome general Rules for Plant; ing them, E56. it will in the next Place be required to fet down fome Account of the bell Kinds now in Ufe, with their parti- cular Culture, €66. in JVhiCh it is to be obferv’d, that of the many Kinds which Authors have treated of, and which Virgil in his Time tells us were innumer- able, 159 Q60 \5 ~ 7718 Pz'afiical Fruit—Gardeher. able, there are not aboVe a dimer: Kinds that by Experience we have‘found to be any whit proper for Planting in England, even in the bell Parts of it.’ The MY— A themmean, Rhaetica, Amminaaan and‘Fa- lern (except it be the Vinum Grazcum) with many others, are entirely lofl or un- known to us, and though doubtlefs excel- lent in their Kinds, can have no other Perpetuation than that which the excel- lent Pen of that famous Poet has given them. My Lord Cafel and Sir' FVillz'am Tem- fle were Gentlemen to whom in a great Meafure we owe that Collection of good Grapes, that are now in fueh great Plenty in England ; for befides the Chafella, Parfly and Frontiniac, the fecond menti- oned Gentleman tells us, he had the Ho- nour of bringing four feveral Sorts to England himielf, as the Amboyle, Bur- gundy, Black Mufcat and Grizley-Fronti- niac,’ all of them well approved of in Eug— land, and by the Munificence and Gene. rofity of this great Lover of Planting diflributed 7796 Pr afiical Bait Gardener; diflributed them among the Nurfery- Men about Londofl, as \x ell as amongfl the Nobility and Gentry , and though they have by length of Time loll or chang’d lo‘ much of their original Appellations, that tis hard to rank and diftinbuiih them as to what- they were before: And though ’tis‘ odds, but fome of them are entirely loI’t; yet there remain fo many good Kinds, as Experien‘Ce teacheth, Will perpetuate their Speciesfor the we of the prefent as well as future Times, {0 that we have no great Caufe of Complaint. 'lhe Kinds therefore that are proper to be recommended, and which are well kno“ 11 and may be had 111 molt of out Nurleries about Landau, are the July Grape, the white and red Sweet~Water . the Corinthian, the two Mufcadines and Partly Grape, the, white, blue, and grizly Frontiniac; and, which excells them all in good Years, the Mufcat, commonly call d the Mufcat of yemfllem The July Grape, otherwife Call’d the 16t Ofrlre (ind: if) General» Of 3,125 early Currant of Ztmtoz'gne, and by f0m6, crap; the 1 6 2. 7798 P mfiic al Fruit— Gardener. the brilki'Gr‘ape, is one of the earlieft in its Kind, but not of 12) deep a Colour as the Clufler Currant, nor I think f0 good; yet in refpeét of its Earlinefs, is rightly admitted into all our Colleftions, as it fore— tells and ulhers in all the befi Kinds foon after. 0“,” The white Sweet-Water is fomething :35": like the Mufcadine, but has redder Wood 1.12:2; and darker Leaves, and the Berries are larger and more tranfparent. ’Tis a mofl excellent Bearer in almofl all Soils, will do well againfl Stakes, planted five or fix Foot from the Wall, or againfl an Efpalier, will ripen early againfi a Wall in the worfi of Seafons, and is in Truth a Vine that ought to be recommended on all thefe Accounts before any Vine we have. What Appellation this Vine has had among the Fruiterers of the [all Century, or how long - or by whom brought over into England, as it is not very material, fo it has not occ11r’d to me, but is in all probability of the Chafiellas Kind : It is very apt to be eaten and deflroy’d by Wafps, by Rea» . 3 fon WW7“? ' 4‘ i 7706 Prafi'ical Frazi- Gam’emr. 1 6 3 Ton of its Earlinefs, Sweetnel's, and the ‘Thinnefs of ’its Skin; there is alfo ared one but not fo valuable. The Clufier Currant IS admirable for its 0f the Sweetne‘fs above all others ; and as it is a221,}; great and early Bearer, and the Bunches ' are very thick fet together, there is not any Vine (the Sweet-Water excepted) that ought to take Place before it. The red, White, and blue Mufcadines, of ’5‘ and another Kind call’d the Royal, are f0 dim,“ well known, that it is needlefs to defcribe them; their Goodnefs of Juice and Agree- ablcnefs to our Climate, Will always give them a Place in our befi Colleé’tions. The Parfly Grape 1'2) denominated from 214:2”: the Shape and Indenthres of the Leaf, has Grapgl a Fruit not {0 generally large as the Muf- cadinc, ,but is of a brilk delicious Taf’te, and ripe very near as foon as the Mufca- dine; and though it is not f0 good a Bear- er, yet, by flame Varieties peculiar to it, it merits a Place in the heft of our Gardens The white and blue Frontiniacs are 0f 15: . Fruits 10 generally well known, that it fffm‘m‘ M a :l‘eems 1 6 4 The P rafiical sz't- Gardener. feems needlefs to enlarge on the Account ,of them, but the Grizeline is not fo 1 generally knOWn nor propagated. asthe others are, but has in my Opinion, the highell Tafie of any of them, though it requi1es (as Sir [William Temple who broughtit over obfervcs) the hotteil Wall and {harpefi Gravel to bring it to Perfeeli- ;the heft that I have feen of them, is in nthe Melon Garden at Hampton Court; and it is obfervable that no Grape keeps better in Glafres or Baggs than that does. N. B. the white Frontiniac very lel dom ripens in England 0mg The Muicat of yew/elem is recom- Mu’car ofmended by Mr. C'arfenter in his Edition J“‘”““”‘ and Abridgment of Tim retired Gar- dener, lo I flmll give it a Place in this Colleétion, the Judgment of that inge— nious Gentleman in Fruit, being generally allow’d to be good. There are fome other Kinds that may well be introduc’d into very large Gar- dens; but as thefe are the befl in their Kinds, as alfo the bell Bearers, I ehule to give my 3 Reader "I j" ' Wan"? , \ II“: The Prac‘lical Fruit- Gardener. Reader no further detail of them, Brevity with Perlpicuity,being what fllould chiefly be aim’d at. 1 $$£$$a M6§3$$$$$$$11§1$~§2$$$ C 11‘ A P. XXIII. Of the Mamzer of Raiflrzg, Caltitmtifig and meniflg of Fig—Trees. HE Manner of Raifing,‘ Cultiva-‘ ting and Pruning of F ig-Trees, be- ing fomething diffiarent from any other 165 Sort of Fruit, 1 have appropriated this Chapter on Purpofe to fet it in the truefl: Light I can. From the Roots of all old Fig-Trees are feen to grow Abundance of Suckers, fome of them are rooted well enough to take of}; and where they are not, lay them down in Marc/9, or turn down the Tops of fome of the lowefi Side Branches, and in a Twelvemonth’s Time you will find them. all well rooted, at which Time you may diflea them from the Mother M 3 Plant. Of My: Raijing of Fig-1 nu. 166 Of the Placespro- fer to plant Figs in. 77% Prafiécal FruirGardemr. Plant. Thofe «that are rais’d by fide Branches are better than thofe rais’d from Suckers, but it mull be obferv’d by the Way, that thefe be well water’d Stools. It would be needlefs to prefcribe any 0- ther Way of Railing Figs, this being fo eafy; yet I can’t but recommend to more general Praétice, the putting them in Baf- kets and hot Beds, in order to their root— ing the Stronger; as allb, that the Planter obferve to put them into the richefl: Mould he can. - It has been fo long the Praetiee of Planting of Figs againfl Walls, whereby they arrive at great Maturity in good Seafons, that it is fuperfluous to repeat much on this Praéiice; only let it be no- ted, that all Corners of Walls, Piers and Angles of Chimneys, are the properefl: Pofitions for them, becaule then the co- vexing and fecuring them in all bad Wea- ther is done with little Trouble. Mat- trefTes made of Bafs Mats are good, but long Dung put on a Frame of Wood, pre- ferves them the bell of any Thing I ever faw, The mefical Fruit-Gardener: I 67 few, and this I learnt fome Years ago ‘ from a molt ingenious Gentleman, and a great Lover of Horticulture, Ant/7072} Heady, Efq; of the Grange,.to whofe Me- mory I pay due Refpeél‘. The belt Methods heretofore praétis’d How M for accelerating'Figs that they may thrive P3135}: the better and bear the fooner, is in Ca-“bmer 1m- les made of Wood, fince a Clod, of Earth f;:::’:;:: is {boner warm’d than an entire Mafs; and Scc. befides, they have the Advantage of be- ing prelérv’d in a Green-houfe all the Winter, which Houfe has not any Occa- fion to be lo hot as for Orangesand Le~ mons; they may be hous’d in Novem- éer, and need no watering at all ; they are fet abroad in 11pm], watering them plentifully at flrfl letting out, and fhelter- ing them in Cafe of any Storm. In j’mzé, I714!) and dugufl, they are to be water’d every two Days, and in exceflive Heats once a Day, which makes the Figs grow the larger. .If you would have them thrive to your Satisfaction, you {hould keep them in their firft Cafes but two M 4 Years, T168 I.‘u cf: 11 av of managing (heir Fig.1 in P115. T166 Prafi‘iml Bait-Gardener. Years, and after that ihift them into lar~ ger, and be fure to change the Cafes, and give them freih Earth every three or four Years,‘for it is a Tree that is mighty apt to impoveriih the Earth, and every Time they are fl1ifted‘ you are to cut their Roms, as you do Orange Tree Roots When they are too big for Cafes you may plant them in open Ground, as I 1 111311 direct in the next Paraoraph. Notwithi‘tanding, the ‘Dutrb plant their F 1g -Trees againft Walls and in Boxes, as is before deicribd, they have another Way of Planting of them in Pits made of Sand (or which would be better Im- provement with us of Gravel) regulated into a Square or Ci1cle, and fo fct with Pofis, that the whole Pit may be with great Eafe cov’.erd I cant of my own Knowledge fay that I am certain of the Succefs of this Experiment; but if Care is taken in valuing and covering in bad Wea 1101‘, and if Heat and Meifiure are allou d to be the enlivening Vegetation of all Plants, here feems to be all the R521— ‘ ' ' on fi'fi’ ‘ ' X The Prafiécal Fruit— Gardener. fon in the World to conclude, that a Pit thus penu’dfiup, mufl‘have a very great Efren? in the Produé’cion, Growrh and Maturity of this Fruit. To come more to the Purpofe, all large Stems of Figs are eafily tranfplanted by this Experiment, and as it is eafy to tie all the Boughs to- gether, and mat them in any dangerous Scalbn, f0 it is what I humbly conceive may be done with finall Expence and Danger in the Trial. The Method of Pruning Fig~Trees is very eafy, there being nothing to do but to cut out the old, the grofs and ufclefs Wood, and nailing up to the Wall all that fcems any way dispos’d to bear, never topping or ihortening any Shoots; for it‘you do, you cut' othhe Fruit which generally appears at or near the Extre- mity. As to the Pruning, that may be done in the Summer. Nipping, which I have elfewhere recommended will be of confi- derable Ufe, for the dividing the great Wood into that which is finall, in order to 169 Of Prun- mg Figs. 17.0 Of Prun- ing I’m: The mei‘iml Fruit~ Gardener. to its better bearing: And it alfo difpd— {es the fecond Crop of Figs to ripen the better, and which-is more, that you may have more of the firfi F ig's the following Year, ' fififififififififififififififififi C H A P. XXI‘T. Tarticulzzr @ireflz’om for ‘Przmz’ng and Tr‘qflbtg of V incur, &c. .THE ether Chapters relating to the Situation, Soil and general Ma- nagement proper for Vines being , pre- mis’d, let this be accepted, as concluding all that will be {aid on this Head. Sure I am that there is no Sort of Fruit that requires let's Art, or more Pains in pruning them than Vines do (whether they are planted againfl a Wall or in a Vineyard.) . The Art of Pruning Vines is reduc’d to fix Articles. The t; 77cc Prafiical Fruit- Gardener. I 7 I The frfl, is to cut out all the dead Wood, and alfo that which is fmall, cut- ting it clofi: to the old Bar-k, f0 that it may not (boat out again. The flannel, to cut all the upright or bell fituated Branches to three or four Eyes, and the fide Branches, which the 'Fremb call Courfons to two Eyes, and thole laid Horrizonrally, as all our French Gardeners againfl Walls now do. The third, is not to prune too clofe to the Eye or Bud, but at an Inch diflance at leaft, and. the Cut or Slope to be made direé’cly contrary to the Eye, to prevent Dangers from weeping Foam/21y, Againfl all Walls (or indeed ' wherever your Plant grows, you {hould K endeavour as much as you can to cut out nthe old Wood, and keep a Succeflion of ; new; and particularly, that you never lead your Vines quite up to the Top of é the Wall, becaufe Grapes never bear but “on Wood of the lame Year’s fhooting. F ft/le, That the Pruner never fufl‘érs above £7 a The Praéi’iml Fruit— Carder/Jar. above two or'three main Leaders, 1101‘ i above treble the Number of fide Branches to prevent that Confufion, which the In« judicious caule in the Pruning and Nailing . their Fruit—Trees, who often lay the WOod of a Vine as thick almofi as they do that ‘ oPa Peach-Tree. Sim/21}, The next Care that is to be beflow’d upon the Vine, is the break-\ ing of? the Shoots at a Joint or two above the place where the Grapes are iet, in orde1 to give them more Air and Light, and to ripen the Fruit the bet- ter. Another Care in relation to the Vine is the watering it in the Summer Time, there being no Plant that exhales more from the natural Vigour and Moii‘ture of ‘ the Earth than a Vinc does (though it of- ten grows on Rocks, Walls, 69?.) but there doubtleis it meets with a great Quantity of Moifiure, and at Salt peculiar to its Quality. It is vilible from the Precepts‘ that I have before laid down, that the Art 7796 Prafiiml Hail—Gardener. Art'of Pruning a Vine lieth within a very narrow Compafs; yet. fiich is the Igno- rance of many Who pretend to prune, that they thrufl: near as much young Wood :into the Tree as if it were a Peach, not =confidering that a. Vine never bears on _old Wood butvo’n‘the new only; and al- fo, nail up the old Wood to the Top of ' the Wall, when it {hould be cut a Foot below it. This occafion’d a molt judi- ciouS‘Pruner, once to 33k: an ignorant Pretender to pruning, whether his Mallet intended to build his Walls any higher that Year or no. . But to finilh our Remarks on Pruning Vines, after all the {mall Branches are prun’d out and cut {0 clofe as not to come again, the upright Branches as before, are left to three or four Eyes, for the Beauty and Order of the Tree, but the fide Branches are left for hearing Fruit and a new Succeflion; for when the to Branch or Runner is lopp’d off; then one of thefe Courfons, throwing out a good 7 flrong 17 :74 Concern- the Dre/'- fing of Vines. ‘ T/ye Prdfz’z'cal Huh-Gardener. firong Shoot or two, will fupply the Place ,. of that taken away. Certain it is (as has been already in- timated) there is no Plant that exhaufls the natural Vigour of the Earth more than a Vine does, by detaching and fending up inch vai’t Qiantities of Juice as it does, for which Reafon, a Vine requires more frequent Renewals of Tillage and Soil than any other Fruit-Tree does. I have I think already hinted, that the Planting of Vines upon Chalk, Gravel, or the Rubbilh of old Buildings, is of great Moment as to the meliorating and fweet- ning the Juice of the Vine; but in order to make Grapes grow large, the frequent Application of Compofi made of the rich ell Dungs on the Top of the Border, as Coal AfllCS and Sea~Sand, is entirely re- quifite. I know the Antients prefcribe for this Matter the Blood and Offal of Beafls, F owls, C‘ic. the Lees of Wine, the Refufe of the Street and Kitchen, Sha- vings of Horn, Petty’Toes, €56. neither do 7796' Prafiiml Hair-Gardener. 1375' do I find the Modems condemn it, though they don’t praétife it : , Which is owing (I fuppofe) to the great Qiantities of Vines, now growing, which would render fuch Pratftice almoft im’poflible. Vines prun’d late, or wounded by 213639} Spade, or any other Accident, are apt 4:3”? to bleed to death, for which Reafon, Vim you are in limb a Cale to open the Ground in the Evening, and throw on to the Roots a Pail or two of Pump Water, covering the Earth in again, and this will effeétually flop the Bleed- mg. CHAR I 7 6 77m: Prafiical Hair-Grimm”.- CHAP. XXV. 0f the the Numbering or Ticketing 0f ; Fruit-Trees;- ’ Hoeve'r has read MOnfieur de la Qgtintinie’s Works, cannOt but have obferv’d, what a deal of Trouble and round about Work the Merhod he propoles ' for Regil‘tering his Fruit has occafion’d him, near half of his Folio Book being Cam- logues of Fruit, difpos’d in fuch and fiich Qlarters and Diviflons of the Garden, - The {Zime Method has prevail’d a long time in England (as it may be fuppos’d) after his Example ; {0 that a Catalogue of five or fix hundred Fruit-Trees is as diffi- cult to regiment and bring into Order, as a Battalian of Foot. The nearei’c, mofl perfpicuous and bell Method that I have at any time feen or praé’ticed, is this which follows, which, however lhort, is yet The Prafiical Fruit-Gardener. yet the molt intelligible of any; neither need I ufe many Words to recommend this Care in Catalogues, fince it is fo univer- fally acknowledged to be neceflany and ' uleful, there being no Gentleman fo in- curious as not to defire to know the ' Names of his Fruit. I lhall begin with Peaches and "Neéta- tines, being Fruit that are molt in El’teem: The Number on the left Hand being fuch as are planted againfl a Wall or Efpallier, and that on the right, the (luautity of each, all which arerefer’d to the Book mark’d and numbred as underneath. A Catalogue of Tedche: and Nefidrz'fles flawed in the Gardem at A. in the County of N. for the Right Honourab- hie the Earl of B. November 1712. Teacher and Nefiariizex. N0. N0 of Trees; I White Nutmegg, -—-—-—-— z 2 Red ditto, 3 Pals Violet, -——-——--——-—— 3 N 4 Ann .___..._......_ 2, ."IPW nnnnnn ‘177 178 7796 Prafiical sziz—Gan/mfr. 4 Ann Peach, ——-——-————--——‘4 5 White Magdalen Peach 6 Red ditto, -——-————-~——- 2 ’ gMignion Peach, 2 Violet Alberge Peach, ——--—~ 2 9 Burdine Peach, ———- —_————- 3 ,_ 4. 2. 3 2 , IO Montabon Peach, ——_._..__ II Belgarde Peach, ——g——__ .17. Admirable Peach. —— And if there are any other Kinds that the Owner fanfies, and not here menti- on’d, let him continue his Catalogue on and leave Room at the Bottom of his Lift thus. I 3 Red Roman Nectarine, -—-— I4 Brinion, Round ditto. 15‘ Elrage, and f0 on to 20 or 30. 6 .. a H 2 Before we proceed further, it will be required I fliould direét the Ticketing or Numbering them againfl the Wall, which Numbers are to be refer’d to thefe in the Fruit Book. The Numbers have been generally 77.98 meiical Fmit- Gardener. generally made of Lead, about an Inch wide and three Inches long, but the Numbers here are f0 finall and f0 unin- telligible, that ’tis not eafy to find them out ; the belt Method is White-Lead and ' Oyl mix’d into a thick Paint, whiCh be- ing fet about three Foot high from the Ground is very plain, only at fuch Times as the Leaves are on. This being pre- mis’d, let us proceed to the Ticketing of Apricocks, which we Place the next in the Lift of Fruits. d Catalogue of Apricoc/u flamed at A. 2'12 t/Je Coumgy of N. for the Rig/5t Halzouraéle #76 Earl of B. November, I722. N’- , N°. of Trees; I Mafculine, 7. Orange Apricock, 3 Dutch Apricock, ———.——_ 3 4 Btuffels Apricock. —-~ 7-5—— 3 _ . 2 N 2 And 179 '180 The PmEZical B‘zzz't'Gam’ener. ' And if more Kinds, continue your Num« bers'on as before. 3w cox: exvx‘ As Plums take-the next Place in the Lifl, we go on 'A Catalogue of Them: planted in the \ Gardem at A. in tbe County of N. fer the Rig/3t Homflméle tbe Em"! of B. November I727... N0. No. of TrecS- 1 Le Royal, -—---- 2 2. Blue Perdrigon,‘ 7‘- 1 3 Drap d’ or, _ '——“"'—‘ 2' 4 Fotheringham, ----'—‘—‘“ 3' 5 Virginal, -.-———-'—“* 7' . 6 Roche Courbon,-_-—-_—-— .. 2 7 Rein The Prézfi’z'cal‘ Fruit- Gardener, 1 8 I 7 Reine Claude, ——-—--—— z 8 Mufcle, 4. 9 Orleans, ' ’ 4. And [0 on 'to as many Kinds as the Owner pleafes. . {I Catalogue of Cherriesplmzted 2'72 the Garden: at A. in the COIIZIU of N. fbr the Right Honoztmhle the Earl of B. November 1722. 1‘0 N0. of Trees, May Cherry, -——-—~—-_ 4 May Dukes," . 12, Lukeward, ———-————-—. 8 Gafcoyne, -—.——__._ 8 Black Heart, -———-—.—__.I 4, Red Heart, e—“w 4 7 White Heart, If more Kinds, leave Blank Room for, 3 9 1 o I I I z. ~ batJl-t (AW—p ___.__.._ 4 N 3 - 2? Catalogee “187. ~ 6 Orange Bergamot, -—-—- The Prafiical Fruit-Gammon fl Catalogue of Tear: for E/fallier: aud Wally, planted in the Gardens at A. in the County of N. for tire Right Honourable the Earl of B. November I722. N0. N0. of Trees. ' I The little Mufcat or Primitive, 4» 2 The Blanquet Mulk, ——-—2 3 Cuifl'e Madam or Ladies Thigh, 2 4 The Groi‘sBlanquet, 5' The Magdalen or Maudlin, —— ”—1 7 Hambdcn’s Bergamor, ———-— 8 Rolhein, ~ 9 Ambrofia, IO Englilh Bergamot, ' ——--—-———- 1 I Buree dc Roy, 12 Monfieur Jean, -—-——-~—— 13 The Doyennee or St. Michael, 14 Efpine d’ Hyver or Winter- Thorne, -—————-———————-— 15 Louis Bon, ~——. ——-__ .—_.—-— —_ m— 2, w+o\0\t°t3www p 2: 16 St. Germaine, —--'_—_—:—'—"'—‘ .4- I7 7793 Prafiical Fruit— Gardener: 17 La Marq’uife, -—-—-—————-- 3 18 Crafane, 4- I 9 Virgoulee, 20 Leidmafferie, -—-—*-——-—- 3 21 Colmar, 4- ..___—__.___. 3 This is a Catalogue of the befl Pears either for Walls; Dwarfs, or Standards; but if more are required, go on as before. .4 Catalogue of V i716: and F iggr flawed in the Gem/em at A. 2'72 t/Je Count} of N. for t/Je Rig/rt Honouméle the Earl of B. November 172.2. 0f Vifiex. N°. , N°. ofPi-Ants. I July Grape, 6 2. White Sweetwater, ——-—-—— 12. 3 .Clufler Currant, ————— IO 4 WhiteMufcadine, —- 12 5 Parfly Grape, —————-—-— 6 6 White Frontiniac, —-——--—- IO ‘ 7 Blue ditto. ——————— IO 3 Grizly ditto. -~-—-:--::—_-—- 12. N 4 More) 183 I 339'“ 134 2%: 'PrafiiCal Fruit-Gardener. More Kinds require more Numbers as ‘ before. ' Of Figgr. N°. \ N0, of Plants: I Little French White, a very good Fruit and good Bearer, 2 Large White Figg, 3 Blue Figg, _______ F 1g 0from the Ctmm 16;, —~—— 6 Note, it is proper to plant thefe Figgs in the Angles of the Kitchen Garden, and in the Corners where Pears project, for the better Advantage of covering and pro- reeling them from zathe Winter Frofls, in Order to the preferving the Fruit that fets in flugnfl and September. Thus have I laid down the plainei’t and {horteit Method] can for Regifiering of Fruit : Such Fruits as are planted againf’t Efpalliers, are ticketed with the iame Eafe as thofe againflt Walls ; but there is more Difficulty in Ticketing Dwart and Stand; ar The PmEZical FmébGardefier. " ard ones: For which Purpofe then, you are to take good flrong Oak Stakes, fix Inches {quare at the z)Head, and about three Foot long, and drive them into the Ground as near as you can to the Tree, and within 3 Foot of the Ground, that is, the Stake mui’t appear a Foot above Ground, near the Top of which may the Number be fet, as was before direé’ced againft a Wall. \ I have elfewhere given fome Hints, which are the belt Fruits for Walls, and which the belt for Dwarfs or Efpaliers; f0 that I do not remember there remains any thing to compleat this Lift but Apples, which are feldom planted againfl a, Wall except it be the Nonpareil, which does well on a Northern Afpeét where they ‘ grow very large; and doubtlefs many 0- ther Apples would be much improv ’d in Largenefs by fuch Management. A Came ‘ 18; 136 The Pméi’écal E'l/it-lcfll'dé’flel'. A Catalogue of Apple: planted in the Gardens mt A. in the County of N‘.‘ fbr the Rigbt Honourable the Earl of B. November 1722. I\‘°. I Junetting, 2. King Apple, 3 Margaret or Magdalen Apple, 4 Golden Rufl'etting, ‘ 5' Summer Qleening. 6 Royal Apple, 7 Golden Pippin, 8 Good Houle\vife, 9 Pomewater, 10 Summer Permains. I r Bells and Bonne, There are many that are peculiar to the feveral Counties where they abound moft in. I z The Bodenham Apple for Cyder, 13 The Broomfgrove Crabb, 14. The Stock Apple, , “ All thefe in Hereford and [Vorccfler/lflireq’ ‘ The 7726 Pmfiz'cal E'uit— Gardener. The following are good Winter Apples. \ ‘ . . 15' Winter Permain, 16 Winter Qieening, 17 Nonpareil, _ 18 Deux Anes, 19 Lones Permain, 2.0 Pomeroy, 21 Lording, 22 Dr. Bernard’s Apple, very excel- lent for Baking. Thefe with fome others, too many in- deed to enumerate, all Gentlemen fllould be furnilh’d with; and there are a few yet not touch'd upon» that abound in their particular Countries. As 2 3 The. Darling Apple in C/Je/lyz're. N 24 The Golden Renneting in Hart- ford/hire. 25 Angels 'Bitt in Worcqflerflaire. 26 Kirton Pippins in fome Parts "of Northamftm/Iyire, and at Kir- MI: 187 .5188, \ 77M Prafz’éml E'Izit—Gardmer. to» in the Hal/472d Part of Liz:- cola/bin»; from whence, in all ‘likelyhood it took its Name. 27 The Harvey Apple 111 Cambridg- fl2il 3. ‘And with this, (which I ptefume-to ‘ think, contains the melt remarkable Fruits that are) Ifinilh my Colleétions of F1 mt rut—v" ‘WWV" ' "I. V / 779:? Pmfiical Frué¢~ Gam’mer. 139 - ' \W/ \V/ \W/ \W/ \W/ \W/ \W/ «I r \w/ :wxur/ \‘f \f/g, \_ ’QWXI/‘g‘i’ég‘lfifi'b .9 'S‘; . 33 .g; .g ;. ,4; . 5; .Q 91% 3A3 219$ $13 51mg )1! 7:? £3 71$ me Im‘ mfi as he /M\ /n.\ a.“ pm 4.: , A“ an CH A Pl. ' XXVI. 0f the (Qt/inn, M'edlzzr, Sérw‘fé, 1%;sz berry, their ‘Eefirifrim 412d Kim/r. Ecaufe I would not make a great many Chapters on Fruit, ‘ which would ferve rather to puzzle than i'ni’truéi: my Reader, I have join’d thefe fever-:11 Sorts together, as they are all of them of Ufe and Ornament to the Tables of the Curious. ' Certain it is, there is not a more deli- of we care Fruit for the Kitchen or Conferva- €35“ tory than the Quince is, nor ifu'rightly "placed, better-bearing.- : ‘ I There is about four Sorts that require Ikefive-o , Efl'eem, though I doubt fame of the bell “‘1 50"" are almofi lolly'at leafl: not propagated, nor well underflood‘ in many "Nurferies. The Portugal Apple Quince is' the bell, Two Par—'- being a large yellow Fruit, tender, plea- “‘3'" Iii/nix. fan: ’90 190 The Praéiical Fir/it.— Gardener. {ant and foon boil’d. The Portugal Pear; Quince is in Colour like the former, but differs in Form as the Name denotes. fish" The Barbary (luince is good but fmall. Quince- The 'Lyons is a large Yellow, and the :5; {£3,325 Brunfwick a large White, and herb good IMF“ Fruit, though inferior to the Portugal @“Imm' Kinds in Boiling and subfiance. The En~ glifll (luince is the moil ftony, cover’d ' all over with Down or Cotton, and not of that Ufe as the other Kinds are. ff;%ff§‘ ‘ Qiince-Trees are rais’d by laying, as alfo by cuttings, taken from the Tree in Marc/9, and planted in a lhady Border about three or four Inches afunder; and though Tome may chance to fail, yet there will be enough that will firike Roots, e1"- pecially if you cover them lightly with Straw, F em, or long Dung, Peafe-Haulm or the like, and water them well in the hot Months. By examining them at Illic/melmar you will find whether they are well rooted or no, if not let them {land another Year; but the bell Me- thod is the cutting down an old Stump, and U) 7796 Pmfiical Fruit-Gardener. . 191 and laying down the Shoots, or taking them from the Spawn or Roots of old Trees. . There is fearce a Fruit we have that re- 3;“ ; 51g quires lefs Care in the Planting and CuI- and C241: tivation than the Qiince: It requires am“ fat rich Soil, and delights in low Lands; but what improves them mofl, is the Planting them at the Foot of a Dunghil or Bog-home, the leaking of thofe Places will make them much the larger. NB. The Budding or Grafting Quince- -Stocks with Buds or Scions taken from a bearing Branch, makes them bear ear— lier and better, which I infert, for that I find few Nurfety-Men take that Pains. There are three Sorts of Medlars that of M’d‘. are rais’d in Gardens; the biggefl Sort Igrziribem \ ' call’d the Great Dutch Medlar, without any Thorns upon the Branches is befl, and a good Bearer. The common Med- lar has Thorns, but the Fruit, is good. And there is another Sort, though final. ler, that has no Stones. There ‘1 92. _ 7706 Pmfiical Erik—Gardener. 2332:"- There is alfo another Kind of Medlar de oryNe- or Servife call’d L’Az'zercle or Neapolitan 31:23: Medlar producing (in Iméy from whence it comes) a very pleafant Fruit, and has of late Years been propagated in our En- glsz Gardens, where it likewife produces rFruit; and thOugh brought, from a very warm Climate, boldly refifis the Severity of our Winters, and will grow either a- gainfl our Walls, or on Dwarfs or Stan- dards. yogi: The general Method of Propagating rim 472d Medlars, has been to graft them on a CI‘IW‘“ white lhort» Crab or Servile Stock; but of late we‘find, that the-Peat Stock ex- cels them all. They may beeither en- creas’d by grafting in the “Cleft in Marc/J, by inarching in May, or. by budding‘in 3941}. 13%? _ There are only three Sorts that lever in King: heard of or law, difiinguilh’d chiefly by the different Colours of their Fruit, viz. the black, red and white. The black "Mulberry feldom fails of Fruit after it is grown up, but the White feldom bear; we / \fl 7796 mefiml E‘uit- Gar-”(Imam I 93 7 well till it is arriv’d to eight or ten Foot high, or in other Words, till it is eight or ten Years old. Gentlemen therefore that defire to have them as foon as pofli. ble in Perfeétion, ought to begin railing them early, or which is bell, to pro- cure them out of fome Nurfery alrea- dy grown to fix, ‘feven, or eight Foot high. They are rais’d by Cuttings, Suckers Their?”- or Layers, taken from the Branches 01-23271. Sides ofa Tree, but laying is bei‘t. When”"" they are fit to plant, you mull remember to preferve all the Roots you poffibly can, and to put them into a dry rich Soil not addié’ced to wet. Though the black Mulberry be the belt Bearer, yet the' white makes the handfomei’t Tree; for l which Reafon, it would be a great Im- provement to the blackKind, as well as to the Beauty of the Tree to graft it in the white Kind. This is fafefi to be done by Approach, which I have before f0 much recommended. \ 4 O i '1 he 19 4 of rai/‘ng JV 14156 rr 7796" Praflical Fruit- Gardener. The white Mulberry efpecially may be 7m, 1,), rais’d from Seeds fown in [Ware/3, to. 5.411. which Purpofe take a large Box or Cafe, and fill it with good Mould, and after? you have fow’d Seeds, cover them \\ 1th fine fifted Earth, about three Qnarters of an Inch thick, and they will fprout in three Weeks or a Month, and be near fix Inches high the firfl Summer, but lay-l ing is the quicker; Way. CHAm . ’W' 1 77.26 Prafiiml E-wit- Gardener. I 9 5V 'ennneeeeeneeeenee c H A p. XXVII. ' Of the ~Walrmf,’ Tbiléeam’, Hazle- rmt, &c. Lthough the Walnut be rather aortae A Forefl then a Garden Plant, yet "WW” fince they are much in requefi at the En- tertainments of the Curious, I first“ give them a Place in the Garden. Of thefe there are feveral Kinds, fome being larger, others thinner {hell’d than the Common, but differ f0 little one from another, that _ Men have not minded giving them Names; neither is it indeed worth while, fince'we learn from Experience, that there is no Kind of Fruit f0 variable as Walnuts are, it being feldom known that any one Kind that is fown produces the fame Sort, but alters and changes its Nature, which in fome Meafure is the Cafe of all other Fruits lown. The largelt Q.- 2. Sort I 9 6 7736 Pmfiz'cal E'tzit- Gardener. Sort is ufually call’d the Freizcb Walnut, The bed are thofe of a tender thin Shell, of a full Kernel, and ofa middle Size. 31:21.3; They are rais’d by Nuts gather’d from Propaga» the fame Tree; and if poffible, let them “"3 "W- have their green Husks on them, for the Bitternefs thereof will defend the Kernels from being eaten by Worms before they fpring up, but you mull have the chief Regard to their being full ripe, at which Time they are apt to flied their Husks. You may either let them immediately as ' they come from the Tree, or you ma keep them in Sand till 1114er : If the firft Way, then you mufl take great Care of Traps to catch the Vermine all Win- ter. opt. When you tranfplarit them fet them in #23:? a dry warm Soil, :1 little more than an Inn. Inch deep, and as fpeedily as you can, left the Roots take Damage by being out of the Ground. The Roots muff not be prun’d much, efpecially the Tap or _ Heart Root, which mull be preferv’d with the fame Care that the Oak Tap Root IS, , neither Tée Pmfiical Bait-Gardener. I 9 7 , neither ought the Walnut to be headed; and whenever the fide Boughs are cut OH, it ought to be done with Care to cover the Wound“ One of the greatel‘t Mifchiefs that at— 4pm tends young Walnuts in the raifing, is the $132"; Frofis that happen in the Spring, jul‘t as liming to the Walnut is {booting out, by which 3:115,” means they often come crooked, for T”“- l which Reafon they ought to be always traniplanted out into warm Places and Shelter, otherwife they grow crooked, and the Pith of the Tree is fo large, that ’tis not eafy to retrieve that Misfortune The bell Way is to have flrait Sticks al‘ ways at Hand, that if the Top {hould be any ways damag’d, the fide Shoot that of Courfe comes out, may be conducted ‘up {lrait thereby. A The Walnut will grow in loofe, gra- 303730;?" velly, or almoflt rocky Land; but the bell ISLE“.- I ever faw are thofe that grow—upon Chalk. Such are thofe that grow about wall near Effom in Sara, and in many Places of my own native Country 0 3 of 198 Of the Pbllbeard. Of the Barcelona \ 7793 Pmfiical Fruit-Gardener. of Hamp/hi‘re .- There being one cut down fome few Years ago in the Park belong— ing to the Right Honourable the Lady Rszel at her Seat at Strain”, that did fpread at leaft fifty Yards diameter. The Walnut-Trees thrive belt, where they are fet without being oblig’d ever to remove them, to which End you may fet them on littleHills, where you intend they {hall always l‘tand two or three on a Hill, where after they have grown together tWo or three Years, you may take aWay the worii and leave the heft. There are tWo or three Sorts of Phil— beards cultivated in Gardens, which are only difiinguiih’d by the Colour of the Skins of their Kernels, one being red, and the other white. But there is another Sort preferable to either of them, call’d the Philbeard of Cozzflaiztinople, the Leaf and Fruit of which are both larger than the Kinds before-mention’d. Little inferior to thole above- -nam ’d are m, We, the Spaniih or Barcelona Nut, which are Heal..- fold about London, their Excellence being a that 'V'r/v The mefical Butt-Gardener. that they lai‘t long, and give 113 fome Di- Verfion all the Wmter, when Philbeards are gone: All thefe Kinds are {0 eafily rais’d3 and will profper f0 well on all Sorts of Soils, that there will be no Occafion for ine in this Place to repeat what 15 f0 well 'known. I I \VII \W/ W4 \w/ \w/ \W/ \W/ \W/ \W/ \W/ \W/ \‘V/ \‘0/ \W/ \v /‘ \vr/ \wa M95925£8 (vézzvsa n.\ /u\\ /A\ /».\/ .1\ ‘/M\ «A ‘mh /m\ mm A». 7M\ ’/M\ /M\ lm\ m.\ }M\ '/M\ 3‘s Zé «A C H A P. XXVIH. Of Gaofi’bei'rier, Curie/1777‘s Rafléetrief Barberrier, 477d Straeéerrier. .‘ i§9 N Otwithflanding the Goofeberry may of 1177f: leem 21 Fruit below the Regard of 17m}?! the Curious; yet it is evident, 110 Garden Can be reckon’d compleat Without it. ' It Begins early to promife us an Earnel’t of 11 hat every Part of Nature contributes to prepare for 115:1: leads us to the Feaft; and even then is not without its Ufe, nor does it Want its Admirers. 0‘ 4 Tiré 2.00 iéeKinds. Ami Cal- ti'umiou. Of Car- rams. 7796 P I'ac’zz'cal Frzxit- Gardener. The befl Sorts are the large white Dutch, the large Amber, the early red and green, both hairy, Mr. Lowe: early green and walnut Gooiberries, With fome other very extraordinary Kinds of his rai- fing at Batterfi'a, which yet are not di- fiinguilh’d by Names. I need not fay much concerning their Propagation, fince every one knows how it is perform’d The Gardener Inuit leniember to prune and thin the Heads of his Goofberries and Currants every two Years at leafl; and 21112), to clip them a little before [Wid- fimrmcr, and that will make them bear the better; they mui‘t alib have fome rotten Dung laid upon their Roors, and if they can be well water’d it is flill the better. Currants or Corinths, fuppofedly f0 call’d 'from Corinth/z, from whence they had their Original. The great white Dutch Currant, and the great red Dutch Cur- mm are the fairefl, largefi and bei’t; and the great yellow Dutch Currant diflérs only in Colour , all others are to be eje. (Fed 7796 Prafiical Fm};- Gardener. 20 I died out of the Gardens of the Curious; the Englilh and Black Currants not be- ing worth Planting in comparilbn with the great dark red and white Dutch be- fore- mention’,d they being much im- prov’d in Tafle line: they have been ende- nizon ’(l. As there is not a Fruit of more gene (0:515; ral Ufe than the Currant is, it will not and M- be improper to fay what I can as to their 51:25:?“ Improvement, and lime alfo their Ufes in “m". the Kitchen, Confeétionary and Table, their Excellency in eating at any Time their Wholefomnels (from that pleafant Acidity which is the peculiar good Qua- lity of the Currant) obliges me to endea- vour to put down the leveral Methods that Gardeners take or ought to take, to - accelerate or retard this ufeful Fruit. I need‘obferve little as to their Propa- 3:342:63: gation, it being [0 well known; but in mm. ' order to have them as early and as long as we can, for the firfl, Iadvife them to be planted againlt the Pale, and forc’d in the Manner already direélzed for Cherries: Care . Inuit 202 Of retar- ding l/Je Currant. - 77.16 mei’it‘al Fruit- Gardener. muPt be taken to preferve them when ini Bloom, by. putting before them thofe Pan- nels of Reeds I have there mention’d: But of this I need fay no more, but to infilt that they be flrong Trees, and thoi'e that have bore already in open Air; and by this means, you may enjoy this Fruit near too Months fooner than by the COm- mon Courfe of- Nature, and within a Tri- fle as good as when planted openly. So good natur’d is the Currant, that you may have him late as Well as early, it being polfible to have him from [Wart/.2 to the latter End of November; either Raw or in Tarts, or Sweet-meats. Be provided then with Coverings of Reed, made in the Shape of \ a Bell, and as foon as ever you fee the Fruit as big as a fmall Pea, cover them at once; but theie Co- verings {hould not be 16 thick but that the Air may peripire through them, for this Way is much better than Matting, which Crouds the Boughs up together fo, that the Fruit can have no Air to ripen it Well. The planting this Tree againflt Nortl-b' W 7"" 7796 Pmfiical Fruit-Gardener. North-walls, between every Tree as you do Vines againfl the South (as alfo in open Dwarf Borders) will retard them much likewife, as Experience teaches; but even there Covering keeps them back, and it is the ambienLAir that ripens them. The drefling thofe that you would have early with Cole-Allies, and any other accele« : rating Dung, is a mighty Advantage to them. ‘ Of Rafbe‘rries there are three Sorts, - the Common Wild, the large red Garden Rafberry a pleafint Fruit, and yields a delicate Juice, and the White Rafberry little Inferior to the red. They are all rais’d by Slips (as it is well knOWn) mull be prun’d and thin’d every Year, to take out all ufelefs and dead Wood; and if you put two or three 20 3 Rashfi ries. How . rais'd ad cultiva- ted. Inches thick of rich Dung or Mould over 7 them, and let them be well water’d once a Week when they are fruiting, you will have them as large and much better than they are by common Ufage; and it is ob; _ ferv’d, that the colder the Ground is, the ' better 204 Of the Bar-berry. 7796 Prafiical Fruit-Gardener. better it is for them; for which Reai'on, it is proper to fet them on Borders under a North-Wall. There are three Sorts of Barberries, the . common Sort is fearee worth railing, the Barberry without any Stones is what is ' not very Common, but is a very ufeful Fruit, in regard the'Confeétioner has no Trouble in fioning them. This I have feen growing in Torfl’tflaire, in the Gar- dens belonging to the Reétory of More- critc/Jel, from whence I have endeavour’d to propagate it. There is alfo a larger Kind than either of the afore-mention’d, but that has Stones in it: In lhort, this is a very ufeful Fruit, and what is faid of the Trees drawing the Blight, I don’t find to be general : It indeed never happening in any Garden I ever have had to do in. The beautiful Branches of yellow Flowers in the Spring, and the no leis beautiful Cluficrs of red Berries towards the Au- tumn, makes it a delightful Shrub; and as for the Fruit, 1 have been told by an ingenious Gentleman, that it makes a eu- nous 7796 Pmflical Fruit-Gardmer. 20 5 rious Punch, \good in Fevers, and other Diforders of the Blood. The Strawberry brings up the Rear of g1: :5". all our Fruit Colleétion, and though meu- 'ry. ‘ tion’d lafi, is neverthelefs as delicious cooling a Fruit as any we have. There are four Sorts, that deferve Cultivation and Improvement in our Gardens, well enough known. ‘ The two firft are of the Wood Kind, Their white and red, and are as much in efleem Kind“ as any. The Virginia or American Strawber- ry’s, is well known to be the large red Strawberry that comes f0 early. The large Hauboy or Polonian Straw- berry, is a noble ~Fruit if planted in a rich dung’d Soil, and well water’d ; but it comes to nothing in a poor dry Ptarv’d Soil. ’ Indeed Strawberries of all Sorts re~ .Of ”4”" _ . . . , sztraw- quire a rich Sorl, and to he often Re- 55m. cruited. The Method generally ufed by ‘Gar- deners about London, is to trench their Ground 206 7796 met’ic‘al Bait—Gardener. Ground, but not very deep, viz. about aFoot and half at molt, and fill the Trenches with Horle Dung and Coal- AIIICS about :1 Foot thick,- covering it about fix Inches with Mould, that when, the Roots run they may lodge in that‘- rich Soil which they love mightily, and. whereby they grow to an uncommon Size; for though I advife againfi the too great Ufe ofDung in Kitchen Vegetables, ‘ yet in thefe Kinds of Fruit it is required; you may plant them about eight Inches apart, in Beds three Foot and a halt \V 1de Some plant Beans 1n the Allies, the Straw- berries not being wont to bear till the fecond, and better Bill at the third Year: In the Beds, at five or fix Foot Difiance, may be planted Goosberries, Currants, and Rofes, for they all adminifier Shade; but the making Edges of Strawberries is of little Uie. CHMW ‘ But what is mof‘t to be regarded, is their m” {and Cultivation and Drefling, in Order to 3,2,5” make them bear much and l1rge Fruit: In ‘ this I ihall be the more particular, becaufe I find 7% Prafiical Fruit- Gardener‘. __2o 7 l I find few Gardeners that purfue it right, at leafl, not with that Regard that the Goodnefs of the Fruit deferves. To have them early, they ought to be To Lave . planted in Pots, Boxes and Cafes, {0 as ff»: ear: ”you may fet them on hot Beds or in a Stove, and they mull be flrong Roots taken up Mould and all, and putting them on a gentle hot Bed or Stove as above, give them all the Air you conveniently can, and moderate Waterings at thole times that the Sun is any whit flrong ; if- otherwife, let the Water be warmed, but very clear, leaft it make the young Fruit: gritty. As for the general Crop of Stra‘nben He Fm- ries every Year about Micbae/mw, you w) (6,71; are to cut away all the firingy and fuper- 3:4,, fluous Runners from the main Rootswrs. for they are as lo many Robbers of their Strength; that done, cut of? the the Leaves likewife, but not {0 clofe as to Damage the Hearts of the feveral Divifi- ons of which the main Root is compos’d; and having before prepar’d a good Mix- ' ‘ tute 208 To retard or In: re Strands)" riu (are. The Prafiical Fruit- Gardener. ture or Compofi of freih Mould and Dung ,\ add thereto a third Part of Coal- Aihes (or if it can be got, Sea Sand) cover the Bed all over two or three Inches thick, and this will not only keep them from be- ing hurt by the Froi‘ts of the Winter, but will alio make the Ground good,and give it an entire Fermentationin the enfuing Spring But to finiih our Direétions, this Mix- ture ought to be lifted on, and flir’d in the Spring, by which Means the young Budds will with the more Eafe find their Way through, and the Budds ought to be well watered or floted, during the Heat "of the Summer. The Goodnefs of Strawberries are fuch, that the induflrious Gardener ought to en- deavour by all Means to have a fecond “Crop, to which End you are to cut off all the Leaves and Flowers in Illqy, jufl before the Bloffoms open, and if you have not ap- ply’d the aforementioned Mixture, now is the Time. For by this Means they will ihoot out afrclh, and bear ripe Fruit in Sep- tember, (as Mr. Bradiqy and Others from ‘ Experience The PmEZiC‘al Fruit- Gardmer. 269 Experience have oblerved) and with this I {hall finilh what I have to obferve as to Fruit. C H A P. XXIX. Of the Trefling and Tillage requiredfbr Border: of Fruit-Trees. l l Itherto I have chiefly treated on Gm: m! the Choice of Soils and Fruit, Si 1- “Mm tuation, Planting and the like; it follows next, that lnl’ttuétions be fet dOWn as to their Culture after they are planted. For although a Fruit~Tree be never To well planted, yet it will require fome future Care in the Tillage and Drefling of the Border, or elfe all the enfuing Rules for Pruning will be entirely ufelefs; for in procefs of Time, viz. in four or five Years, and fome times lefs, the Vigour and Fertility of the Earth begins to abate, and what by Weeds, or which is as bad P 01: 2 IO 1 7796 Praflical Ham—Gardener. or worfe, the Loading the Borders with Kitchen Stuff, renders it fo poor, that no fort of Fruit-Trees will thrive to any Purpofe Time 4:21 Now this Tillage is petform'd in three 33$”3’Ffdifl‘ereiit Scafons of the Year, viz. at, or b ' foon after Afzcbaelmzzs; about L440 $4} in the Spring; and at AIM/2mm”, and this is done with a Spade or Hough, which not only kills the Weeds, but alfo \ opens the Pores of the Earth in fueh a Manner, as that the Rains defcend with " more Freedom ; but this Tillage differs in Proportion to the different Natures of the Soil you plant on. .1 mm For Example, in a heavy moii’t Soil, 11,7? IQ” your firfi breaking up the Ground ought to be flight, forb fear the Rains ihould penetrate too deep into an Earth that has no Oecafion for them, and you mutt ob. ierve never to work on this Ground but , in dry Weather. The fir]; The fame Method is not to be obferfid gum.” in a dry light Soil, when the firfl Work ySolls. ought to be deeper than before, that the Rain 7756 Pmfiical Evil—Gardener. i. I i Rain and Snow (of which it {tandsfl in need) may penetrate deep into it; 1 In the [Way follow iug there is likewife ”2:23 another or fecond Tillage to‘ be done 1n all M E1111: wet Soils, juft as the Fruit 13 kt, that the ‘ Earth may be the better difpos’d to receive the vegetative Heat of the Sun, and. that thereby the Soil may be the leis Iubjeél: to chop, which it is apt to do in dry Weather, and this Digging and Sti11i11 ought to be done when the Giound is be: ‘ tween wet and dry. Light Soils allo require a fecond Til Therm! lage, though not f0 much as heavy 50115125164123; do, in as much as the Ground is hollow ' and loofe enough in its own Nature for the Reception of all requifite Moifiu‘re; neither indeed are Weeds 15 prejudicial here, efpecially if they are fuch as run fhallow, if they be Cut often u'p, lb as not to eat out the Heart of the Ground And this Tillage in [Way when the T/"eMay' Fruit 15 Setting, is by much, the mofi ufe‘: 5:145:57 ful of any others, elpecially in fiirly {tub-b (an? _ born Land; for thereby the Rains refrefli P z = the l 2 x 2. 773 Praflical Hm- Gardener. the Roots, and fend up the better Supply of Sap: The want of which amongfl other C aufes, is the Reafon why Fruits drop off To immature as they often do. At this A Time Watering (efpecially if the Weather be dry) is ufeful; but of this, more in its proper Place, and now to the third Til- lage in moifl heavy Lands. TE: third This Tillage ought not to be To deep Til/age in m], m, as the lecond Tillage was, becaufe the “U Lamb- violent Heats of the Sun are then f0 great, that Digging or Houghing may do more Hurt than Good to a Fruit-Tree; the chief Ufe whereof is to keep the Ground from cleaving, and to keep the Weeds un- der, which are apt to grow too much in that Sealon of the Year. .I I 1,, But in light warm Soils, this Tillage 7"”er ought above all to be the more gentle, for I W W otherwile the Heat of the Sun, which is the mofl prevailing, will penetrate too far and aflbét 'the Roots of the Trees, f0 that the Moillure and other nutritious Juices of the Earth, cannot liipply and fill the Fruit: For which Reafon ’tis mof‘t ad- : vifable 77.23 Praéi’écal E'zziz- Gardener. vifiible to go about this third Tillage at, A or foon after Rains fall, by doing which, you will certainly find your Advantage, elbecially if you at this Time (if it be not done before) fpread on a thin Coat of Loam or rich Clay, about an Inch thick, which difiolving with the Rain, Wlll give a proper Mixture to the Lightnefs of the Soil, and will be an Improvement to your Border beyond what can be thought on without Tryal. The foregoing ~Methods are the Sum and Subflance of what the molt ingenious Authors in Gardening have laid down for Praétice. How reproachful then is it, for Gentlemen to fufler their Gardeners to let a Crop of Weeds grow on their Fruit~Bor- ders, perhaps as high as their Fruit-Trees, _ or which is worfe, a great Crop of Peale, Beans, and fometimes Cabbagcs, and yet at the fame Time, expeét that their Fruit ihould be of a‘ racy vinous Flavour, when their Fruit-Borders are choak’d and poi— fon’d with all forts of Trumpery, and then P 3 if 213' 1.3, I 4 The P mfiical Fruit-Gardener. if the Fruit be not good the Nurléry-Man gnufl be blam’d for it'.2 .SWMix- It will not be (I prefume) amifs in this titty?” Place, to fet down two or three Sorts of :5; £317 Mixtures, proper for the Improvement of Tillage of Ground that is naturally poor, and which was”? it is in the Pow er of the Owner to help “ at the Time he makes his Gardens. ’71:; 5:1 ’Tis I think now generally known, that poor and Soils which are of a heavy Nature require 72‘4”!» Compofis or Mixtures, more than thofe that are hotter and more fandy. Let then your Compofl be as near as you can what follows; half a Load of Coal-Aihes or .Sea Sand, two Load of natural Mould, and one of well rotted Dung, thefe well mix’d and incorporated together are of excellent Ule, putting two or three Bar- rowfulls to a Tree, more or lels according as the Size ofthe Tree 13: At filth/2143mm is the beft Time for doing this, for then the Salts will fink down and clrerilh the Roots below, that are fuppos’d in this heavy Soil to be labouring under a necef- {ty of Warmth f0: The Praflical Frzzit—Gawkner. 2 ‘1 5 Mixture For the fame Reafon that heavy Lands ,1.” Earth require an Application or Mixture of baa/n _ Compolt of a fprightl y nature, light Lands $22K” require thofe that are confolidating and cooling, viz. to bring the Soil to a due Temperature and Difpofition between the two Extreams of Heat and Cold, and thereby to keep the fpirituous ‘Parts of the Earth from volatilizing too foon and leaving their Tree deflitute of proper Nourilhment; in this Cafe then two Load of Pond Earth, flit? Loam, or uné’tuous Clay, one, of Virgin Earth, and a quartet of a Load of Coal-Allies, Sea-Sand, or the like, to keep it from‘Binding, is a very good Mixture; but all gthele Materials are either complicated or abated in proporti- on to the Stiffhef‘s or Lightnefs of the Land - you improve. To what has been faid of the Digging, 9’”?er- Stir‘ring and Tillage of Fruit Borders, let 31,217” me adjoin that of watering Fruit-Trees in the violent Heats or Droughts of the Spring and Summer, efpecially when the Fruit is jufl knitting. and till it is about P a; ' as 2:6 The Na- c-iluy 0f tbs/2' Me— lbodr fur- tbtrurg'd 77.76 melical Fruit—Gardener. as big as a large Pea; for the Current of the Sap being then fiopt, the Fruit at that Time is often feen to drop off, or at leait f0 flunted and balk’d, that it feldom or never comes to perfeétion afterwards; and this is what is often miftaken for what we call Blights. For though it is certain that the falling ofl‘of the Fruit does in a great Meafure proceed from the violent Changes of Weather we undergo in an unfettled Climate, it being one Day extream hot, and another extream cold ; yet Drought or the Want of Water, is by all the Ob- fervarions I have made, as Epidemical as any oftherefi. Though the Neceflity of thefe Methods is obvious in all the foregoing Paragraphs, during the Time that Trees are young and newly planted, which may be a fuf- ficient Realon for the then Ule and Pra— ctice of it; yet Ican’t but extend its Ufes farther, even to Fruits that ihould be thereby brought to their due Perfeétion, and to Trees at their Arrival to old Age. To countenance what I have been all a- long 7796 Pmflical Fruit-Gardener. long advancing, I beg Leave to take to my Afliflance the ingenious Author of the Re- tir’d Gardener, pag. 56. part 11. of Mr, Carfenter’s Edition, where he {hows the Neceflity there is of the Dreffing and Til~ lage of Fruit-Trees in the Cafe of the Mouille or Moiften-mouth Bouche Peal, @c. which Kinds (Buttery as they are) will for Want of this Tillage (lays our Au- thor) grow fiony, gritty and good for lit- tle; and if that be the Cafe in Buttery- Fruit, what is not to be expeéted of thofe that are by Nature gritty, {tony and dry? Such is the Monfieur John, Bon- chretien, Virgoleufe, and many others : And, befides, what has been already {aid ' on this Subjeét, as the afore-mention’d in~ genious Author Words it, digging and . houghing the Ground keeps it confiantly open, and difpofes it the better for the . imbibing thofe nightly Dews, which kee the Soil in a confiant F relhnefs, and adds Vigour to the Trees, whofe Fruit by that; means becomes better condition’d than 0. therwife it would be. To 117 “218 Caution: to be 1nd in the afflrefai-l Dre/fing an]! T)!- by. 726’ 131716726211 Huh-Gardener. To finilh then this Chapter relating to the Drefling and Tillage of Fruit-Trees, it is advileable, that thch extraordinary Applications of Compofl be only u'S’d the firil~ and fecond Year, till the Tree has got fuflicient Root; becaufe all Fruit— Trees when well rooted, are in their own Nature apt to grow luxuriant, and like an extravagantxYouth to run out into un- ~ profitable Productions. Thcle Compofls then (except the Tree fliould happen, to be fickly) lhould not be us’d again till the Tree has flood fix, i‘even or eight Years, more or lefs, as the Ground is in Richnefs and Heart, though the Water- ings fliould be all along us’d in dry h‘ot ‘ Weather, as alfo the common Operations of the Spade and Hough. It will be time enough to apply that refrelhing Diet to the Ground when it grows lean, and when the Tree it felf is in the Wane and Decline of Life: And it ought to be ad— ded too, that as it does decline, and the Trees grow greater, the Qiaiitiry fhould be doubled, and the fpirituous Part of the 3 ~ Compofi 77% P i‘afiical Fruit-Gardener. A 2 1 9 Compofi encreafcd according to Difcre, tion, ‘ . 'Thus have we,run through the Dire- Tlflgctmu étions of Tilling and Drefling of Ground 5 .. {m of flu: Part for Fruit in a plain and methodical Man- ”WWI ‘Q Ike 1 illagc ner : The Expence of the Rules not be— rf hum ing much, and yet the Pleafure and Profit Tm“ to be reap’d thereby f0 great, that’ris to be hop’d every true LOVCE 0f Gardening will follow them. CHAR ' / 2 2 o 7% Pmflical B'izit-Gardemr. \ _ , , _ “ l: v )1 l « C‘)’.Jg>‘ W C H A 1). XXX. A .Troemical ‘Diflourfe cementing Pruning of Fruit-Treat. THERE is not (it may be with much Truth affirm‘d) in the whole Com- pafs of the Art. of Gardening, any Point that is more curious and ufeful than the regular Conduét of the Knife in the Pru- ning of Fruit-Trees, neither is there any Part of Gardening. more pretended to, nor really lcfs underflood than it is: For though the Rules are not many, nor the Difficulties great, yet every one that can but handle the Knife :1 little, is {0 well pleas’d with it, that he feldom takes Pains enough to improve in his Art, but to prune on by rote; unlels he happens to have a Mallet of more Skill than him- felf, and then perhaps he will negleé’c his Admonitions, and leave the Mailer and his Trees too. The 779:? Praffical Fruifi Gardener. 2 2 t The general and common Complaints ”eage- concerning Pruning are, that fuch and common fuch Trees are too thick of Wood, and 15:27:}: that that is grols and ufelefs; but there are concerning not always thofe that enquire into the if ,pmr” true Caules or Source from whence thefem Misfit: tunes flow, and confequently, don’ t fer upon right and proper Methods to re; trieve the "free from fuch Errors. The general Relult of what I have drawn from my Ohlervations on this Matter is,‘that it is much ealier to govern a Tree well in indiWerent Soil when it is young, than it is to govern one that is planted in a 80:1 that is rich; but then on the other Hand, :1 Tree planted in good Soil and well govern ’d will lafl longer, and thouOh it does not bear {0 very much Fruit as ano- ‘ ther does that is planted in poor Ground, yet it will be of a more beautiful Afpeét and robul’t Conflitution than that which is thus planted on poor Ground will, un- lels continually fupply’d with a new Fund of frefli Earth or Compofi. In 2 z z The Prafiical Fmét- Gardener. In the Profecutiou of this Art of Pru-’ hing, I have very much adher’d to the Maxims and Precepts deliver’d by the Author of the Retir’d Gardener, ad- » ding f0 much of my own, as will (it is hop’d) help to illuftrate and improve what that Author and his Tranflator have thought fit to deliver therein: For though Monfzeur de [a Qgtintim'e may be juflly faid to be one of the firl‘t that ever wrote difliné‘tly of Pruning, yet the Author juft mention’d, mull be allow’d to have wrote” much clearer and concilér than la 9291'”; time himfelf did. Rafa,” Now the Reafons for Pruning (in the‘ why Tr"! Words of the aforenam’d Author) are ijgffufid, three; the firfl is, becaufe it makes the" Tree lal‘t the longer; the lecond is, for that it gives it a handfomer Shape; and the hit is, that it makes the Tree bear more and better Fruit. 1. It makes a Tree lafl the longer, for by this Pruning we lop ofl‘ all iuperfluous Branches, leaving none but fuch asare nea ceilary to the Beauty of the Tree; where- as The Prbc‘lécal Fruit-Gardener. as on the other Side, if the Tree were never prun’d,‘ but all the Branches were fufl‘er’d to grow, they would quickly drain its ufizful Sap, and confequently caule it to languilh. II. Pruning makes a Tree look hand- }fomer; for which four Things ought to be obferv’d ; firfl, that the Tree Or the Stem be feven or eight Inches above the Budding or Grafting Place. Secoizdéy, that the Tree be round without any vi- lblC Vacancy, Third/y, it ought to be open in the middle (efpecially if a Dwarf or Standard) that the Sun may more ea- fily penetrate, to ripen and colour the Fruit. Forth/21y, it ought to be well adorn’d with regular Branches on every Side; and tlfis is the way to give the Tree an agreeable Figure and Beauty. Indeed the Sum and Subf’tance of what has been before repeated, though in other Words, is that Pruning is the dividing of great Boughs into finali, which turns all that .Sap that would otherwife run up into one, into many and different Chanels, 225 2.24 7706 Prafz’z'cal Fruit-Gardener. Chanels, thereby curbing the luxuriant Branches; and from this Intimation it is that we may have recourfe to the Afs (as Solomon recommends us in another Cafe to the Am) fince it is faid by fame of our antient Authors on Gardening, that it was by the Cropping of Vines by that Scythian Animal that Pruning was firfi difcover’d to be f0 beneficial to FruitTrees, as it is fince found. Ill. Pruning is a Benefit to the Fruit, for the Sap being nor walled in the Non— rifliment of unnecefl'ary Branches, the Fruit receives the greater Allifiance from it, and coni‘equently becomes larger and more beautiful; And though it be true that Standards need little or no Pruning, and yet bear as well or better than the Dwarfs do, becaufe they have an unli- mited Deal of Room to expand them- felves in, yet this ought not to be a Rule why Low Fruit or Wall Trees fliould not be prun’d, fince if they do bear well, the Fruit is much lefs liable to be blown down and l‘poil’d than from Standards; T/ae Pmé't’ical Fruit- Gardener. 2 z 5% Standards; and‘confequently the Trees are more Valuable than Standards are. The Reafons for Pruning being thus 2:: 33’3“ given, the next requifite is, that we en- fem. quire into the proper Seafon for that Ope- ration, which varies according to the ge- neral Strength and Vigour of the Tree. The general Practice of Gardeners being to prune their weakel’t Trees foonefi, as in Oé‘r'oéer and Mveméer; for by exo- nerating or unloading them of that fu- ' perfluous Burden they have upOn them, they reafon, that the Tree has Time to recover its Strength before the approach- ing Spring, and fo of Courfe to {hoot the Stronger and Better the following Year; whereas on the contrary, Trees that are over luxuriant and vigorous ihould have a . latter Pruning (1222.) not till‘Feéruar-y or [Wart/J following, for by Pruning them fo late, the Luxuriancy of the Sap is check’d, and the Tree itfelf (fifpos’d to be brought into a more regular Form the Cnfuing Summer. g _. Q .1- But 2: 2 6 7% P74522661] Emit—G (176167167. £59593“ But the 'regfilet Cour’fe and Method . rourfla ~- fin" Prun- for Pruning Fruit-Trees is to bEgin with gig” the h'ardiér Kinds, fuch as Plums, Pears, ‘ Apricock's and Cherries, in tlie“MO'n'tl§s . of 0806‘”, Nowmbe’r, @e‘cm’zéfl? "and ' ‘74722‘1473'; and lafl of all Peaches and Ne- fiarines, in the, Months of "me; and Marc/j, if the'Rigidnefs of the Seafo'n ib'e 'over, ‘for the Reafons already men'- tion’d in heading of Fruit—Trees (viz) the Danger thereis- of the young Woods 'dying, which it is apt to 'do after the Knife, which makes the young Sheets oft grow black 'and die, caufing the‘Tree to look’ ill, all Which late Pruning pre- vents. , Offevqm Notwithfia‘nding the Franc/J Gardeners 1’55? 5”” have made little or no mention of it, not grief” being liable doubtlefs to the ihme Misfor— T..;,e5 tunes which We in England are: We 133:5,“ have (fays the Commentator on the i ' Retir’d Gardmerfi found by Expe- rience, that ibme Trees require another Pruning between that we call Winter, ' ‘ . - and 7-716 Pmfiical Fruit—Gardmér; i 27 mid that we call' Summer Pruning, which laft begins abolitthe middle of Why, and continues tillthe latter End of 3'24)! ; where. as the middle Pruning here meant is per‘ iom’nd in April, and in the beginning of May, and that \\ hich gives the Occafion of it, is thofe virulent Blai’ts which fcorch and flirivel Up the tender Leaves and Branches, and kills fo‘me of them even dow‘n to the old Wood; or elfe at bell the Shoots and Leaves are crumpled, gou: ty and gibboie to that Degree, that one would think them not worthpreferving. Now to receter Trees fo damag’d, the following Operations are to be pet'- form d fiirfl, all the damag’d Leaves are to 11.99.14,, be prun’d all, and the young Shoots 0f Pr 22 ‘ ing Trees though they are not touch’d with the m cat 0f Blights are. to be fliorten’d, in order to ”gig/2t: procure new. Wood to {apply the Defeél: of that which is in danger. 0f being loft. Secondly, if the Shoots are much blighted, then all that are tainted are to be ‘cut out, and the Head of the T rec ihorten’d Q2 ta 228 The Pmc‘lical Frm't- Carr/mar. ‘ to fuch a Proportion, as it may be judg’d' the Root will require to make the Tree pufll out vigorous Shoots again. Tbirdl , after this is perform’d, the Earth ought to be open’d in a Circle about the Root \of a—Dwarf-Tree, and in a Semi-circle a- bout the Root of a Wall Tree, in order to put in fome fliort well rotted Dung, or of the aforenam’d Compofl on the Top of the Roots, and to water the Tree once or twice a Week if it be a dry Sea- ibn ; and at the fame Time alfo ought the Branches, Boughs and Leaves to be well fprinkled with a Hand Engine or ‘Dm‘cb Pump, or with the Role of a Garden Wa- ter Pot: And it is found by Experience (fays our CommentatOr) that by this Application made to Trees, thole that have been lo damag’d in their firfl Shooting in flpril and A14}, have like- wife been reeover’d to a good State of Health by the Month of flugnfl follow- ing; all that can be added to what thele Gentlemen have iet down is, that I con- ceive this Misfortune which attends Fruit- Trees 7716 Prafiic‘al1fi‘zzit- G'm‘rlmér. ~ Trees in the Months of Afril and fight}, to proceed chiefly from the cold Dews that happen in thofe Months, rather than from the Blights here 1nenti011’d, fince it is known that Blights are much more fa- tal, and as they delcend obliquely in Co— lumns, always defiroy that Part of the Tree where they fall ; whereas thefe Misfortunes are owing to thofe nightly cold Dews that happen in the Spring be- fore the Sun has recover’d Strength e-‘ nough to diflipate them; and this is indeed the greatefl Hurt that happens to all Fruit in general in all Northern Climates: but it is fuch anrHutt as fpreads it {elf all over the Tree, and therefore requires the more Care in curing and preventing it by Shelters. 229 Another Obfervation I have made is, A 0’17" that it proceeds from a cold Soil and cold ,, 05/0211- (“72. Winds, which I deduce from the Situation fig“ 9 t a! i 3 of a mofl eminent and fingularly curious D4421: Noblcman in the County of Rut/472d, IV} lrtéS FM 59 “ed w here there are feveral Terrafs Walls one am; 5:12 abore another, but. by the Height and Q 3 Coldnefs Hart) 0].,le mi: 1:, #557: " :30 The Red- fonsfor 'Pruizmg Trees in the Sum- ~ mer Sea- [021. The Praflical Fruit-Gardener. Colduefs of the Expofition, and by that load df‘wet Earth that fprings through the Wall, and lies upon the Roots, th'ofe Trees are as it- were delh-oy’d every Spring, efpe- cially Peach and Nectarine Trees, which it affects molt as being molt tender, and has I hear now (for it was {Ome Years fiuce I faw them) entirely deflroy’d them; but I am ibnfibl'el have digreis’d too far, and (0 return to give a {hort Account of the Sealons for the other Summer Prun- ing, and the Reafons why they ought to be regularly performed. As firfl, that the Tree is thereby kept defer, to -thewall,and confequently out of Danger from the Winds hurting them. Seward! , byitaking away all Branches that flloot directly from the Wall, that the Sap may be more ufcfully employ‘d in filling up the Other Branches that are to re- main, defign’d as they are for Fruit Branches, and Branches of fircceedin Wood. Tbirdlj, that thereby the Boughs and Leaves may be f0 clear’d away, that the Fruit may be ripened the better. And lflflb’a T/ae Prafi‘ical firm-Gardener. I 23 r jaflly, which is no ,fmall Advantage, by ; doing thiSrca'refully there is much lefs Trouble in Winter Prnning‘ (when the Weather is cold) and the Pruner will the eafier diflinguifli the different Sorts of Woods he hasvto cut away or prelérve. This Pruning, as is already‘iaid, holds all the Summer long, and which I have plac’d before the other that follows, as being more univerfally and better known. ' ' ' ' The other Seafon that is not yet men- 9‘? r tion’d, is the latter End of May, or be- 132;,‘2123'10: ginning of 7am), and is praaiS’d on thofe Pm’l’mg' young Shoots that are in danger 0f grow- ing Rank and Strong, by nipping ‘or pinching them off with the Nails (being as yet very tender;) and this pinching _ diverts .the Sap, which would otherwife run up by one ,grofs nfelefs Shoot into many collateral'Branches; which Branches are generally f peaking good wood Branches, or Branches for. Fruit the next Year fol- lowing. ' Q 4 This .132 7796 P mfiicql fruit-Gardener. NiPPingi" ‘ This Nipping deferves to be recom- 4 proper Sea/rm M“! h re. commend rd- mended in large and legible Charaél'ers, fince ’tis very certain it is the very beft Means yet found out to divert the Sap of a Tree to its right Ufe, and to fill all vacant Spaces with Wood. It may be praétis’d on Peaches, Apricocks, Plums, and Pears, with good Succefs; and it is Matter of fome Obfervation, that few or none of the modern Writers have fo much as mention’d(except the erm/J) at leafl' urg’d it with that Spirit it requires. This Nipping or Pinching as I have al. ready laid {hould be done in May, but never at farthei’t to exceed the tenth .Or twelfth of jaw; becaufe all Shoots that come afterwards are as it were ufeo lefs. Thus much of the feveral Seq/am: ’ now to the Manner of Pruning in Winter and Spring (7212.) from 02370567" to the latter End. of Marc/9 following, which Inuit be own’d to be the chief Seafon for Pruning, and the Operation that which innit determine the Shape, Beauty, and well Bearing of the Tree. CHAR 7736’ Praflicdl flan-Gardener. 2 3 3 C H A. p. XXXI. Of the le'ntcr ‘Przming 0f Fruit-Trees. 7147'!!! (0 Practice of Pruning, ’tis necelTary be/mown he {hould be inform’d of {evcral preli- [23:92]" minaries which may introduce him re- prunes. gularly into that Art, (0 that he may advance gradually, which are, firll the Explication of the feveral Sorts of Wood that grow on a Fruit-Tree, whether they be fliort. or long, large or fmall, Bear- ers or not Bearers, as they all {erve for one Purpofe or another; either toward the Ornament of the Tree, or for the Bearing of Fruit, or both. The leveral Sorts of Branches on aFi'LESflIt1 Fruit-Tree, are by Pruners divided into :{ififfi‘k' five, viz. Branches for Wood, Branches “'4’”- , for Fruit, irregular Branches, Branches of” falfe Wood, and luxuriant Branches, all which BEfore the Learner proceeds to the Pre’mi- 1334 Branches 1” Wood dejerib'd. Branches for Fruit defcrib'd. The Pmfiéml Hair—Gardener. which (though not many) the Pruner ought to diflinguifli well, before he can prune with any Probability of Succefs. I. The Wood-Branches arethofe that form the general Shape o'fthc Tree, which are prun’d from fix, to ten or twelve Inch- es long, according to the Vigour of the , Tree, as Frame/J Authors ‘tell us, and as fome of our Englzfly Gardeners Prad’cif‘e; though I mul’t beg Leave to difrcnt from them a little, and lhall (how my Reafons hereafter why lI do. ' 1].. The Fruit-Branches are much {len- derer than Wood-Branches, their Eyes are nearer to one another; are large, livelling, and prominent; in the-Management of thefe we top thole that are too long, and confequently too weak to fupport their Fruit, leaving luch entire, as are ofa jul‘t Length, viz. about fix Inches long, cut- , ting off only the Extremity of the Branch, Irregular Bran the: dcfcrilfl. which is 'a great Benefit to the Fruit- Bud. ., ' ~' III. The irregular'Branches (fay the aforenamed Authors) are finall and con- filled, ,, a 4‘ 7778 Praélical Fmit- Gardener. fufed, being for neither Wood nor Fruit, coming out at the Knots and Joints hori- zontally, many"in a Clufler, like a Bird’s Nefl, for! Which Realon they mull be mov’d, and the Knot cut fo clofe, that it may never {bring again; for they are ge- nerally plac’d (if the Tree be againfl a Wall) on the out fide of the Tree, and To cannot be bended or brought to the Wall; or if they are placed fide ways, are {mall and irregular, and To not fit for Fruit or Wood Branches; or clfe they creep out behind the Tree and fo are in Danger of being gall’d and fretted by the prefl‘ure of the Tree againfi the Wall; in either of which Cafes they muff be cut of f0 clofe to the old Stem, as to be ever difabled to fprout any more. 235' IV. Branches of falie Wood are thof'e 3mm”, . [h ' offal/e- that grow either upon e Extremlty ofmod (,r right Wood-Branches, and are generally firib'd. fuch as come out after Midfummer, or they are long {mall Shoots that fpring cafually out of the old Stem, as it Were by a Lufltr Nature; their Eyes are very flat, l £36 The Prafiécal Fruit-Gardener. flat, and fet at a great Diflance one from another, and are of a weakly Nature; being neither fit to bear Fruit nor to el‘tablilh the Strength and Beauty of a Tree, but are to be cut quite away. Theft: our Engli/h Gardeners call Midfimzmer Shoots, if from Wood-Branches of the fame Year; or Water-Shoots, if they fpring out of the Sides of old Stems. ”Wm, V. Luxuriant Branches are fuch as fpring Branches defcrib'd out from large Wood-Branches or old Stems, and are generally as big as a Man’s little Finger or bigger. Some times the Bark is lhining and linooth, and they {hoot often a Foot or two long, or more, with large broad Eyes, fet at a great Diflance from one another: Thefe are all to be cut of}; unlefs we find fome Want of them to fill up a Vacancy; in which Cale inch a Branch ought to be cut to about four Budds in Length, but be lure you watch him f0 narrowlyin May (for it will ihoot again very flrongly) that every young Branch which appears to be difpos’d to- grow grofs may be nip’d to two or three Budds '236 The melical Ewart-Gardener. flat, and fet at a great Dif’tance one from another, and are of a weakly Nature; being neither fit to bear Fruit nor to eflablilh the Strength and Beauty of a Tree, but are to be cut quite away. Thefe out Engli/h Gardeners call Mia’flrmmer Shoots, if from Wood-Branches of the fame Year; or Water-Shoots, if they fpring out of the Sides of old Stems. “Wm”, V. Luxuriant Branches are fuch as fpring Branches a'cfcrib'd out from large Wood-Branches or old Stems, and are generally as big as a Man’s little Finger or bigger. Some times the Bark is lhining and linooth, and they lhoot often at Foot or two long, or more, with large broad Eyes, fet at a great Diflance from one another: Thefe are all to be cut off, unlefs we find lome Want of them to fill up a Vacancy; in which Cale inch a Branch ought to be cut to about {our Budds in Length, but be iure you watch him fo narrowly‘in [Way (for it will ihoot again very flrongly) that every young Branch which appears to be diipos’d to- grow grofs may be nip’d to two or three Budds T/oe Praflical Hail—Gardener. Budds length ; by which Means this/Luxu- riant Branch will be divided into eight, ‘ ten or twelve Collateral ones, and may fupply ‘a Defeét not to be done any other Way; and many of thefe, as is already faid, will prove excellent Branches for Bearing another Year. Before Iquit this Chapter, I cannot but remark an Error (as I think) that is in Tbe retired Gardener, viz. 77:42“ (my Trmziizg, even tom Foot long, will alter the Nature of a luxuriant Branch; whereas the more you cut him the fironger he grows ever}r ’ Year, adding new Strength and Vigour to the Roots, and conlequently to its Boughs; and cut him where you will, be it at a Foot long, the Sap will break Out . at the upper Joint, by which Means the Tree it felf is léen to be advancing up too fall, and to leave the Bottom naked, an Evil which every Body complains of, but few know how to remedy; I fay then, without nipping thofe grofs Boughs, and ordering the Roots, as {hall be hereafter taught ; 8 V l 257‘ 238 The mei’écal Fmit- Gui/timer; taught";“any Pruning ferves oniy totem- ‘creafe, and not to detraét from this Evil. I have been the more particular inthis, becaufc I judge it to be a Matter whereori the greatef’c Strefs of Pruning lies; efpe- \cially as to Peach Trees, which are in their Nature very much difp‘os’d to flmot with great Luxuriancy‘in good Soils, and for that Reafon, ought to be watchfully minded, left they run out into too extra; vagant Wood. CHAL 7756 Pi'dfiical f}‘zzit—Ca>‘fl€h€f. (23 9 .1 . .u, .. -_ ‘n, 1 - l I” ‘ ~: i" 1917? YXXYI " I.” 5H A P. .1 “9, .- 1... ’Y' ' (”qt C . 51.5 ., l'.‘ ’ ' ‘ (Bf-7’rén‘ir‘zg Tad, Affitmfigudivzm- Tree: 4f?» Me Teafgjwpiz‘ziizg; 3;: narie; to. the Chief- Fruits {lbw-"flea", it ‘willpmm‘w not be imprapei'esrce begmvr'zitrr'ehemr 'And ‘ 1 _ ’tis Tuppos’d Elmer all, " tba'fé'lie Tree We are going’cb‘fpeak‘éf, 'is fizchfaéz'has been headed at'cérding to the’Rfules'bé'fore 1935 down ; that't’he Roots are 16qu and‘good, 'otherwife you Ought to pull itllp and p113: another in its mace ; andiyet afrer‘a‘ll the Precaution' Gardeners and "Pruners can ”take, it Ofteu‘happens, the: inn great Number of Tf'ees, there will be Ib’me their: will not fliOot regularly and according to the Order of Nature. Some 'there be, that will give [1.07 more than one Sho‘or, Tome will give two; but ‘bOth‘perl‘raps'pla'c’H’oh the fame fide \ofthe Stem, arid others will 3 give P Eaches, Apricocks maefir'um‘s ’beifig Prelimi— 2.40 7796; Pmfi’ical Fruit- Gardener. give many more, but all diverfly and irs regularly plac’d. And this Diverfity of- ten puzles and perplexes a Pruner to that Degree, that he knows not what to do at a Time when it is moll material to know it: Becaufe in the well or ill Prun- ing of a Tree at the firfi fetting out, de- pends in a great Meafure its future Prof- perity and Beauty. WW im 1. The firfl happens when a Tree has be done to . ayauzrg made but one Shoot, and that too artfes {reg/2‘: from the extremity of the Stern, which is 5»: one indeed one of the worl‘t Cafes that can hap- ffzgyd pen; the heft Advice then is to cut it quite altheErId off; and I allure you (fays theoften quot- 22:“ ed Author) the Tree will {hoot out feve- ral good Branches; I have often experi- enc’d it. But then it mull be allb fuppos’d , that this Tree has not been afTaulted by Worms, and that the Root be found and good; otherwife, you ought to pull it up, and put another in its Place; but if this Branch has lhot below the Top of the Stem where it was headed lafi Year, then cut the Stem to the Branch, and ihorten the "=- wax-a mum» var; 5: , . 7798 Prafiical Hail-Gardener. 24': the Branch itfelf to about four Eyes, and prop it up by-a flrait Stick, or nail it to the Wall direétly perpendicular, in Or- der to make it grow (trait: The French Gardeners advife to put fome Mafhch or loft Wax upon the Top of the Stern after it is cut, which does indeed look decent, but is of no real Ufe, except in thofe Trees that are tender and apt to bleed much. _ II. If the Tree has produc’d two Hm ,0 Branches on the fame fide, you mull cut-3’33; the uppermofi to three or four Eyes, and has made for the other, you mufi cut it to the2:’9;::‘“” Thicknefs of a CroWn-Piece, and this/me 121:; will produce two Fruit-Branches (lays the Author of 7733 retired Gardener) thongh I am not direétly in the Opinion of that _ Perfon, but rather advife the taking a- way that of the two which is too weak or too firong, and leaving that which is of a midling Size. If the uppermolt be the largelt or belt fiZ’d, then pre- , ferve that; but if the lowermof’t, then take off the uppermofl, and preferve that, and L‘ WNNW :41 7708 Pi'dfg’ical Hwil-Gardw/er. \ and head the Stock cloic down to the faid young Shoot, for as for Fruit—Bearing- Branches, there is no Occafion for them, ' till the Year or two following. ffze’: III. When your Tree has prodnc’d Ina- In: rim; ny Branches, i’everal whereof are ill litu- 22.13:? ated, you innit chufe three or four of Brant/1:5. thol'e that are uppermof’c for the Figure 5:73;” of your Tree, beeaufe they are generally yr-‘Jvrr the bell conditioned Shoots, and {horteu arferular. . ° them to three Eyes each, which mull be ' {o plac’d .as to eonduce to the Roundnefs of the Tree, and particularly that the Eyes be on the outfide of the Branches, be they either for Wall or for Dwarfs, and not within the Tree, except in the Buree Pear, and {ome other weak wooded Trees: As for other Branches whofe Situ- _ ation is irregular, and can’t be brought ‘ to conduee any whit to the preient Beaury of the Tree, they mull be cut {lope ways ,to the Thicknefs of a CroWn—l’iccc, and the Bud f0 turn’d that he may, another Year help to form a good Figure, and to give a good Shape to the Tree. . Thus m - mmm 7758 Prafiical Emit-Gardener. 2 4 3 Thus much of the Government of Fruits ”j?” 30 ‘ Trees that lhoot on one fide or irr-egularépziéxftzmg ly the firft Year after heading, to whie'hgff; 11110:? little need be added. As to the Pruning gular. thofe that are regulafly plac’d, the Judg- ment of the meaneit and molt unskilfuh . t is fufhcient to guide him in this Mat; ter: If there be two of one fide, and but one on the other, take off one of the two and reduce the Head to as exaét an Equae' lity as you can, though it is no Matter whether they are direétly oppofite to one another or no. 7, And the Reafon why I {peak of this firll Year’s Pruning in more exprefs Terms than any yet has done be- fore me, and why I am more anxious for ‘ young Pruners that they take their firf’t ' Step right, arifes from a general Miftake 'committed by Gardeners at this Time; for that they with too much Indulgence; ‘ infer the Fruit—Trees to fllOOt away at once, and by fuffering them to make long. ~ vigorous Shoots, commit an Error the can Ibarce ever retrieve; for the Sap bee ing fierr’d to direél: its Force upwards; ‘ R 2. ' and. 144 Woe/Prafikal “(tit-Gardener. and the Boughs of Courfe Forming them- felves in Obedience thereto, the Bottom of the Tree, is left naked, and the Branches in a little Time grown f0 ftill; that they are by no Art or Means to be bended down again; fo that befides the Abfurdi- ty of fleeing a Tree naked at Bottom, a . good Part of the Wall or Dwarf~Tree is loft; and in Peach-Trees the Lofs is the greater, for that they never break or 11100: Out of Wood that is once three or four Years old; though indeed Plums and Pears will do well, but Apricocks and Cherries not {0 well. CHAR aw 7796’ Pmfiz'cal E'm't- Gardener. 8888 88888888888888888888 88 C H A P. XXXIII. 0f the filer/20d of Summer Priming Tear/2, dprz‘eock, and Tlum-Treer, after the flown! and third Tear’: fP/anting.’ O the Methods laid down for Prun- ing of Fruit-Trees the firft Year, I add from my own Experience and the Praétice of the belt of Gardeners, what follow 5 of their Management the fecond and third Year, and {0 on (efpecially dur- ing their Vigour) to their old Age and _ Decay. 2.45 After the firfl Winter’s Pruning 18 over 0f Pint/a— (Exclufive of that of Planting and Head- “7” or ing) the next Care 15 Nipping or Pinching Nibbing the [award (which is already mention’d) fome Time 5mm" in A1492, of all Shoots that appear to be growing too Vigorous, and into too luxu- R 3 riant * ~.1 "if“: '01.: , . . _ 3:46 / 7‘7Je PmEZz'cal HuihGaw/emr; riant Branches. You muft then look care- fully over your Trees, clpeClally Peaches and Neétarines, and all other forts ofgrofs Shooting Fruit-Trees, and turning up the Leaves, pinch thofe that appear to be the firongeft two, three, four or five Budds long, turning the upper Bud towards any Vacuity you can elpy, as you do in other Pruning; and if it happens that there are two vigorous Shoots togetheraone ought to be prun’d or nip‘d to two or three Budds, and the other to four or five; that they may not flloot out all together on a Clu'fler. For although ’tis probable that this Sort of Nipping may make the Tree fll'oot out more Wood than can well be laid into the Wall the Winter following, yet Store is no Sore, and you may the Winter following, cut fome of 'thofe Branches {lope-ways, or to the Thicknels of a Crown-Piece, keeping that one Bud always in referve to fupply a Vacancy another Year, and this Nipping will doubt- leis furnilh your Fruit-Tree with a fuflici- (Fem?) if not filperabundant Quantity of Wood Merv-aw“ 4“ '"vEE-Y‘” . 1/1 3e 1 we“: a" 5513,13“: $941132? 77-2.? Pmfiéml Frm't- Gardener. 2 47 Wood for the Winter’s Pruning; much of which will (as yearly Experience tells us) be of the befi Sort of Fruit- Branches Tis about this Time alfo, that all Budds arms— and youngShoots flrould be rub’ d OH, that 22:7”?! {hoot either direétly out f10m, or diieétly vab‘ H :1: into the Wall, or the out and infide of a :3“; my Dwarf-Tree ; left the Sap which may be much better employ ’d, lbend itfelf in an ufe— lefs Manner to no Purpofe, whilfi other Parts of _ the Tree are languilhing and flarving. The other necefihry Summer Prunin'r r 1 me is about filidfifihirzer, and that is to cut 7;:’$’:’;_ away all Branches that have lhot direétly irgoft w from the Stern of the Tree as is before 11:13:,“ taught,“ and Nailing up only thofe that come eafily to the Wall, Pruning the Tree ‘ as near as you can in the Manner it ought to be done in the Winter; for though’ tis impoflible to prune fo Well, as to have no Occafion of Pruning again in the Winter or Spring, yet by doing as much as can be in the Summer, the Work is cut much {horter in the Winter or Spring. * R 4_ By I ‘248 7793 mei’ical Huh—Gardener. obfcm- By obferving diligently what Shoots (ion: and sauna»; have been made, and what has been the ' ' :Z’f‘s‘fin’" Etfeét of the Nipping recommended be~ pm pm— fore, there will be found a great many » 3:37;: Branches, fometimes three, four, or more, Tm:- that have {hot out towards the Extremity of the Branch you then nip’d: Some well fi- tuated, others but iridiferently, upon View of which, you may eafily form your Judg- ment and Practice; but what I would more particularly recommend in this Pa- ragraph, is the Nailing them in fuch a Manner, as that they may not be gall’d by the Lift, nor by the Bearing of the Bough againfi the Nails that are in the Wall, and to vifit the Trees once a Week at leaf’t, to fee if none of the vigorous Shoots are pinch'd by the Shrcds being nail’d f0 cloie, as not to give Way when the Bough {wells to it; fince this is fo great a Millmp, that! have leen one third Part of 'a Tree kill‘d at a time, or canker’d to fuch a Degree, as not to recover it felf again. Finally 77m? Prafiical Fruit-Gardener. 2.49 \ . Finally, the belt Way of fattening Trees 3:23:01: to a Wall, is by little round wooden Peggs, ildetZadeof made of the Heart of Oak, drove into the ffrfiif‘ff a Wall between the Bricks, to which may Wall, &c. be ty’d all the fmall Branches, with the Juncus or fmall Rulh that grows in wa~ tery Places, and all the great Boughs re- quiring more Strength, may with finall W ithies, made of Oziers or Balket Rods, » be ty’d to large wooden Peggs, that are here and there interfpers’d in the Wall where Occafion lhall require. The Con- veniencies of this Method will be found to be, that as foon as the Fruit Boughs fwell out to the Extent of the Bulk or Withy, that Band will eafily give Way, and not pinch or damage the Tree, and the Peggs of Wood alfo being round, will not gall - or fret the young Branches as rufiy Nails will with their fquare Edges. ’This Method here recommended is m M:- not fpeculative only, but has been prac- ‘l’f" FW‘ . , . _ m daz the as d iome Years in thofe noble and mag- Duke of nificent Gardens belonging to the Duke ”fill: ofBowden. ' 5:50 _‘ TL: 53m and Sub— flame of Summer Pruning. 77.76 meiécal E'zz'it‘Garkleizer. of .Montague, at Bowdm‘ in Non/mm}— ton/hire, though not the wooden Peggs, this beingitvhat has been fince try’d with Succefs; and this Method has this fur- ther to recommend it, that when the . Peggs are once fix’d (which is much cheaper than Nails too) they need not be renewed for many Years; whereas Nails growing rufly canker the Tree, and by their being pull’d out, and drove often in, {boil the Wall to that Degree, that no Nail will flick in it. Moreover the Ruflres are a much leis Expence, as Well as much lelsDangerous to the Tree than Shreds, as being lefs apt to harbour Infeéts and Vermin, and are above all, tlfeful in Peach~ Trees, which may by thele Means be in an Inflant of Time unlac’d from Top to Bottom, and have iuch a new Dilpolition given to them, as the natural Shape of the ‘ Trees require. What more remains to be faid on this fe- cond Summer’s Pruning of the Peach, Apri« cock, and Plum, is extraé’ted out or‘ my often quoted Author, and does I humbly con- cewe 7736 Prafiécgl Frz4it¥Gnrdener. 2‘5; ceive comprize all that can be faid more on this Subjeét in five Articles; the Senfe of which, I have endeavoured to ex- plain. . This Pruning muff commence (fays he) AW“ 1- between the middle of May and the mid- die of yzme, though by the Way, we never begin this fecond Pruning in Eng~ [and till about, or rather after Midfltiaz- mer. Only the Fruit-Branches in Cafe of ne- An. 11. ceflity are to be cut off, together with fiJch as are half dry’d; by Means of this Eafe and Refreihment, the good Fruit- Branches will be the better fortified. We are to cafe the F wit-Branches when we fee them over laden, and likewife fliorten fuch as have not knit to afliii them i with more Sap for that Purpofe. ' . When a Tree has a great many Fruit, [W and but few Wood Branches, in that Cafe the largefl Fruit Branches are to‘be prun’d, together with one Wood-Branch, which will make a Tree flouriih the next Year. 3 5 E‘ E, , We i . i i I l Art. ma ' i‘.’ 2 5 2 Art. V. 779;? Pmfi’écal Em}- Gardener. We Cut the Branches (fiys our AuthOr) that are gum’d, jufl below the Gum, and remove all that are dry and languiflming ; to which mufi be added alfo, all thofe Branch. es that are wounded or canker’d by Nails, Or almofi pinch’d off by flrong Lifts or Shreds, which do an irreparable Damage to young‘vigorous Trees, thofe Iikewiie mufi be pruned as above direéted. CH A P. The Prafiical h ume timer. . :53 fiieeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee “ CHAH xxmv 0f tbe W mter Trumag of 236406, Afriwck and Tlam Treer, the fecond and third Tear afl‘er ?lam‘ing, &c. Ruit- Trees that have been carefully Com"!- prun ’d in the Summer, require much WISE; the leis Pruning in the Winter (as has; 21‘ :75 been before 1nt1mated ;,)but how ever,the ’ ’ ‘ Covering of the Leaves and the Multi— plicity of Branches in a young Tree are fuch, that no Pruner can poflibly deter— mine in' the Summer what Shape to give his Tree, neither can he f0 we” difliin~ i i - guifli bearing Branches from Branches of Wood, which are proper to be filbl‘ti‘l]€d,l which left uncut, or which \to be en- ' tirely cut array This mutt be left to the- Winters Pruning, in the (Tireéting of which I may pcflibly lay down form: ufe‘ ful Rules - - 8 Vi hen , 2 54 7796 Pr'éfiiml Hart—.Gczrz‘z’mm Agemral - . s View of When a Gentleman or Gardener IS a- Pruning bout to prune, it lhould be confider’d, ;’:;[';;;f that the Art and Bufinefs of Pruning con- lemz fil‘ts chiefly in three Things. Firfl, the Prefervation of the Fruit Branches, at leaft fuch a Qrantity as is necelTai‘y for’ ’ that Purpofe, not overcharging the Tree, which may be hurtful. \ Secondl- , The Pruner ought to call in his Mind how to form the Beauty of his Tree,by prefervin f0 many of the WOOd " Branches as‘will fil in between thofe that were left for Fruit. . \ 'And third/y, the cutting off many of the Strongeft flope\vife, or to the Thick- nefs of a Crown Peice clofe to the old Stock, this being the Way to lay in a Stock of Wood for a Year or two to come. A Man that has this forecafl will never want a Sufficiency of good Wood Partieu- in Trees, tolerably vigorous and well cul- é;;,,f’::_ tivated', as is before direé‘ted. earning When you meet then with three K'ZLZK Branches that are all {hot from a Branch «éfcl’eac/ves, of the laft Year, preferve one of them ’ for I “1/756 Prafflcal High-Gardmer. for Fruit, by leaving it eight, nine or ten Buds long, according to its Strength.- If , the Next betoo {hart for f uch. Management, - make it a Wood Branchlby fllortening him to three or four“ Buds, and cut the lull}, ; _ which ought to be the firongefl: of all flop- 1 . big, (if it appears to be a coming outTalkeW', or not pliable to the Wall) and that will bring it to its Duty: But this Method of cutting flope Ways {hall be‘explain’d more at the latter End of this Book. This flope Cut, or cutting to the Thicknefs of a Crown Peice will preferve a Bud, which will another Year form a mofi: lovely Shoot out of that Eye that is thereby preferv’d, which Shoot will fuc- ceed the two Branches left for Wood and for Fruit as before directed: And it” there . be more than three Branches leave the tell for Fruit. Thus ,has the cautious Pruner extended his View for two Years to come, confidering how and. in what .Manner he is to ihape his Tree, both for well-bearing at prefent, and for a Suc'cefi ' from of Wood for the Time to some. 8 _ On A 1.55 356 The Pmfi’z’cal Bait-Gardener. if": “’2' On the contrary, thofe that prune by r ry Me- ' . tbod m- Rote and without any Confideration at :23“? all, very often, if not always, pruneand 15,7552. nail up three, four or five Shoots more or lefs, all of a Length, perhaps a F00t or more, which being molt of them Fruit Branches, do indeed load the Tree that Year with Fruit; but yet to the Hurt, if not the entire Deflruétion of the Tree the next Year; but if they don’t happen to be Fruit Branches, but Branches for Wood, they then being pretty fitong {hoot out fuch a Croud of young Wood the next Year, that it is impoflible to know what to do with it. And as all Trees do by Nature ihoot upwards, this Method makes them {lill advance rafter and fai’ter, and leaves the Tree entirely naked at Bottom, there being no Sue. 'wafm ceflion of young Wood prefer-V’d un- memi‘ond derneath to fill up in Cale the old dies, 2:53; which it does more or leis every Year. fat are» Thefe being the general Obfervations to the old Ag, and made on the Errors committed in Pruning Dewy “Of of Peach-Trees, @0. till the Tree has a I” reach d l i E E 7726 Pméi’ical FinuifiG'ardmer. ;2 5'7 reach’d the Top of the Wall, the Vigour of it fpent, and the Tree quite fpoil’d. Let me once more recommend nipping in the Summer ;» pruning {lope-wife and to the Thicknefi of a Crown-Piece in the Win- ter, as alfo the having a moft exrraordi~ nary Regard to the Succeffion of young Wood in your Fruit-Trees, as the only Method of anfwering the true Ends of Pruning. And yet th‘efe Things are more particularly required in the old Age'an’d Decay of a Tree, it requiring fo much the greater Care and Circumfpeétion to keepa Fruit-Tree full, by how much the older it is. Come we now to explain fome Partia culars more in the Conduét of Priming, . . . , ' . I R. ~.‘ which ’tis hop’d Will make this Art as gig? compleat as poflible. Peacb~ Trees on In the Account given of Nurfe'ries there Almond will be found the Reafons why Peaches, “”4 ”“9 Stock:,and and Pears are fometimes grafted, the one Pear: on on Almond, or Peach, .and the other on fix?“ QiinceStocks, which, when planted out, pruned flaarter require a lhorter Pruning, than if they ,1,” ,f were on FredStocks, which are apt. to they um on 4 Free. 8 ‘ . “100': VSVtgrln. l .7258 7793 Prafiical Pl‘zzit-Gara’énér. fhoot out more Wood than Fruit—Branches’; whereas on the contrary, Almond and (luince’ Stocks: throw out. more Bearing than Wood—Branches, upon which Ac- count the former are prun’d flTOrt, that l the Tree may be furnifh’d with more 119: DJ}? . r'nzce tf Pruning tot-.11: 1 let'.‘ ”affirms Wood-Branchesrand the latter longer, that it may have more F wit-Branches; and this lhort Pruning confifts (as has been in one of the lafi Pages intimated) in cutting. the Bearing-Branches to two or three Eyes, thereby converting them infl) Wood- Branches, and on the other Hand, I mean on Free-Stocks, the leaving fome of the Branches long, d-ifpofes them the better for the Bearing of Fruit. It is alfo requifite that the Pruner {hould be acquainted, that though he {hould find lbme of his iTrees to {hoot weak ,y and o- thers fll‘Ong, from their different Natures, and not on Account of the different Stocks jul‘t mentioned, yet the iame Way of Rea? loning and Method of Praétice ought to take Place; cutting the firong and Vigor- ous to fix, eight, or ten Budds in Length, but. 7798 Prafiical‘ Fruit- Gardener. 1 5’9 but the weak totwo, three, or four, atcor; ding as the Bough belt allows, eipecially where you ,prune (as I think generally People lhouldj for a regular Succeflion‘; particularly in weak Trees you are to ex- peét no Fruit but from thofe Branches that are middle fiz’d: You mull then rettench‘ thofe that are {0 {mall as to be uncapable of performing that Office; on the contrary,- vigorous Trees require along Pruning,and this is by\Monfieur de [a ngz'ntiizie call’d charging or commanding Wood-Branches to bear, and BearingeBranches to become Wood. The Frem/a Author's (particularly the Frencfi Author of 7726 retired Gardener) affure geZZZZg us, that there are Methods of Pruning the gymg Head of a Tree To as to make it bear, m that produ ce: .Iefpecially when Young, without any 0_ Wood- . Branches thet Afliflance or Correéhon; fuch Tree‘s only, to (fay they) that produce Wood~Branches bear‘mm only, oughtto have a Pruning (as before mention’d) of ten or twelve Inches lon ’ or longer, which is to be done in Marc/7; the falfe Wood and unnecefl'ary Branches" S 2. (on 260 '1” be Can- elufion of Fruiting. t .7798 Praflical Fmit- Gardener (on fuch a Tree) Ought to be continued upon it till the Year following, and in that Time they will lo moderate the Luxury of the Tree, by fucking up the greatefl: Part of the Sap, that the Re- mainder Will unavoidably produce Fruit- Branches. As to the firfl which relates to long Pruning, Ihave already given my Opinion of it; and for the latter, I mean that of leaving falfe Wood and unnecefl'a- ry Branches, that will, Ifear, create fuch a Diforder and Confufion in the Shape of the Tree, as will not without much Diffi- CuIty be got over, and the Remedy ap- pears to be worfe than the Difeafe: I therefore refer the Practice of the Reader, ‘to the Method I take of redrelfing this Evil at the Roots, the Source and Spring from whence it proceeds, as it is deliver- ed in another Chapter. What remains to be faid of Winter Pruning the fecond and third Years, €60 may be included in the following Articles, which will help to explain what is more flightly touch’d upon in the foregoihg Pages, The Pmfiical Fruit-Gardener. ‘ 2_ 6 1- Pages, efpecially as it relates to Peach and other Wall Trees; what has been wrote before, belonging both to Dwarf and Wall- Trees indiflinently. _ The firft Article is to untie all the A". 1- Branches upon the Wall or Treiliage (which is eafily perform’d in the Method before propos’d of Fafiening them by Rulhes and linall Withies, and by Nailsor wooden Peggs) and then you may clearly fee how to ‘ difcharge all the dead and ufelefs Branches, leaving none to grow, but fuch as will produce Wood or Fruit; the Fruit—Branch- es having very full or double Budds, are eafily diflinguilh’d from thofe that are for Wood, which have only fingle Budds. The WoodrBranches are generally A”. II. prun’d to four or five Eyes, and fame- times to two or three, as the Vigour of the Tree in general, or the Strength of the Branch in particular requires ; and E the Bearing—Branches to fix, feven, eight, 1 _ nine or ten Budds, leaVing or giving it no greater Length than is confil’tent with its Strength in the Produétion of Fruit, or in S 3 plaincr .262. 14?! Ill. L411. 1V. 7796 Prafi’zcal Prim-Gardener. plainer Words, no more than you judge each Branch will be able to bear, which may be difcover’d by the Qiantity of Blofl'oms to be feen on the Branch at Prun- ng, wand by the Strength of the Branch for the Performance of its Office, this indeed is opponentto a Method us’d by too many Gardeners, who never fliorten their Fruit- Brauches be they either 'flrOng or weak, provided the Shape of their Tree, does not require it, which 19 certainly wrong. The third Article is, when a Peach- Tree happens to \\ ant Wood Branches on one fide equal to what there are on the other, then the Gardener ought-to prune the largefi Fruit-Branches fhort, to con- vert them into Branches of Wood, and prei'erve the Beauty of his Tree; the Negleét of which as it is of pernicious Confequence, fo it is one of the common- efl‘Errors in Pruning. When we obferve a luxuriant Branch in a Peach- Tree and no good Wood near it, we preferVe the luxuriant Branch (fays r;— , . the T/ae Pmflical Ewit- Cardefler. the Author of The Retired Gardener) to ten or twelve Inches long; but with Sub~ million, I rather advife five or fix Inches . for Reafons before alledg’d, in as much as the Shoots in the former Method will come out at the Extent, and advance the Tree too faft, though it is agree’d (with him) that a {mall Branch may be left at the Extremity of the Pruning, which will attraét the Sap, and help the Bough to produce good Branches both for Fruit and 'Wood. 2.63 When a Peach-Tree ceafes to put forth Art- V} new Branches in light Grounds, it ought to be pluck’d up as foon as the Fruit is gathered, if it has not given fome vigor- bus Shoots at *Bottom,'which may ferve to fupply the Defeéts of the .r-efl ; in which Cafe, the Tree ought to be headed down to the Place where thofe new Shoots fprouted out, and to lhorten them, as the Author of The retired Gardener tells us, to a good Foot in Length, though I advife eight or nine Inches, and that for the Reafons before recited. § ‘1 They 264, «in. ‘VI. Q4". Vll A 7796 Pmfiical Fruit- Gardener. m They are alib' blamable who prune their Wood-Branches too long, viz. to a Foot and half or two Foot, and perhaps all of one Length; by which Meansthe Tree is nothing but long Ribbs, Without any Bearing Wood on it; and to com- pleat their Ignorance, place or nail thoie _collate1al or fide Branches that have ihot fince the foregoing filidfigmmer. For though this Method (bad as it is) does make the Tree look extreamly handfome and full to an injudicious Eye; yet it en- tails fuch a Misfortune on it as can icarce ever after be recover ’.d And lafi of all, the attempting to prune and nail Trees into the exaét Shape of a Fan‘( as is in fome Meafure hinted at in the foregoing Article) is as plauflble an Error as any yet mentioned, but as this is, Ithink elfiwhere enlarg’d'upon, Ineed not repeat it; but iliall with humble Sub- miflion to the Curious fay (that notwith- f’tanding, for the fake of thole whole Ca. pacities and Inclinations require w e flrould be very particnlar in giving our Inflruah ons 7%? Pmfiécal‘ Fruit—Gardmer. 0115 as to Pruning) there is little more in it than that we lhould cut fome Brauches longer and Tome fllorter, according as their Situation or Strength requires, after that the Tree is unuail’d, and all the luxu~ riant, falle, and irregular Wood 13 cut out and expell’d CHAP. 2.6 5 L6 6 The P 2761672641 HuibGardmei’. emittewmemewwe c a A p. XXXV. 0f the Strengthening weak Treat, mid Corrcttiflg t/Jofi’ that are over-laxit— ritmt. 35:91; HE Weakuel's of Fruit— Trees pro~ Method“) ceeding from the Roots, the Gar- 1'“? ”m” deuer lhould at Mitbaeh/m: talge fueh a Tree entirely up; and taking away the Mould two or th1ee Foot wide; and a Foot or two deep, fill it up with the bell untry’d Earth that can be got, let the Earth be fueh as has lain fallow all the Summer, and well fweeten’d; for it is much, but the Sowernefs and Badnel"s of the Earth has been the Oecafion of the Weaknels of the Tree; and if there be any Roots that are deeay’d, cut them uite away: This done and the Earth hll’d into the Roots, lay at the Top of the Ground 3. fuperficial Covering of Sea- Sand 7796 PméZz'cal sz’t- Gardener. 2 6 7 Sand or Coal-Allies, Mould, Horfe or Cow-Dung mix’d, and in all dry Weather the fucceeding Silmmer, let the Tree be well watered, and that will caufe the Salts of the Earth to defcend down, and 1e invigorate the Decaying Tree: Others prefcribe the Blood of Animals, the Shav- ings of Horns, and indeed any Thing that contains that faline Matter, fo ufe- ful in the vegetable Kingdom. ' A Gentleman of great Curioiity, and .4 Mctlzad who by the late Wars, has had Occafion €13?”in to be much abroad, gives Account, that the Re when any of their Orange Trees are lan- 2;“; f guifliing or in Decay, they kill any pm Dog they can fee, and by throwing him at the Root of their fick Tree, recover it again. And this I mention for the Curi- ‘ous to try on Fruit-Trees, not having had Time to make any Experiment of 1t fince I receiv ’d the Account. However, notwith- f’randing this Advice, if the Tree is much blighted, or the Roots canke‘r- eaten or rotten, ’tis mofl advifable to pull it up ‘ ’ ‘ " and 368 ~ The Praéiical Hart-Gardener. . and put in a new one, becaufe ’tigs rarely, feen that ever a Fruit-Tree recovers again, it being of a much tenderer Nature than Greens generally are. Thus far in general as to the helping weak T1 ees by the Application of Com- pof’t, 656. But there are particular Cafes ‘W‘herein the Knife is equally .concern’d, and that is as has already been mention’d, when Fruit-Trees that are planted in hearty Soils ceafe to put forth Wood- ' Branches, thofe Trees are not to be pluck’d Oftbe Manag— ment of over luxu- Trees. up, but to be cut down or headed to eight or ten Inches in Stem in November or fDecemoer. I have, fays T/ae retired Gar- dener, met wit/J firm, that have afler that Operation recover?! room/elves and grown a; it wereyoung again; but then this mull be done to Fruit on Free-Stocks, and not to Peaches on Almond, or Pears on mince—Stocks, for the Reafons before mentioned. The over Luxuriancy, and confequent~ ly the Barrennefs of Fruit-Trees, is often . as great an Evil as Poverty: To remedy riam Fruit which , 773:5 Praffical Pl"itit«GaI‘tlerzer. 269 which, there have been various (Methods prefcrib’d by different Authors,‘ which I fliall comprize in as ihort a Method as I can, and then lay down one that I have praétiféd with great Succefs. Apricock or Plum and Pear-Trees on Heading FreeStocks will bear Heading down, if ngfmk not too old or decay’d, and-.rnake entire andl’lumf . , Trees 86C. new Trees again. To this Purpofe the willie“- Gardener may cut them down within a Foot 7’" “m“ of the Fork or Principal of Life, (frOm- whence as from a Fountain all the other Branches fpring out and receive their Suf- tenance) and then take out whatever he can of the worn-out exhaufied Mould, and put in that which is rich and hearty, this being the Time for the Application of Cordial and Refiorative Medicines. When a Tree is decay’d on one fide How ,0. and vigorous on the other, (as it often gift”?! happens) theGardener mui’t then go to aficéyzzg‘ the Bottom and Cauie of the Dileaie 2:: 2:35:15 which lies in the Roots, for as there is a m on w; Correfpondence and Continuity of Parts “1"“ quite through the Tree, it may not with- 3 p out are The Pmfi‘ical Fruit-Gardener; out Reafon he, fupposid, that: When one fide of the Top of a Tree is languiflnngon dead, the Roots on that fideare in decay likewife, at. leafi there will be found forne that are, whether the Situation be regular or no :‘ In the Ordering of this Tree, when the Roots are open’d, all the bad ones are to be cut out, and the whole Form and Shape of the Roots mull be reduc’d to- that Equality as the Head is. The Au- thor of The retired Gardener directs, that we fhould leave the Branches on the weak fide Ihort, and thofe on the firong fide long; but with Submifllon? I would ad- vife the entire Expulfion of all the Vigor- Ous and flrong Branches on the bell fide, reducing the Head of the Tree as near to an Equality as pomble; for if the Gar- dener lhould leave thofe Branches on- the bell fide, the Torrent of the Sap would undoubtedly take the fame Courfe as ufu- al, no long Pruning being lufhcient to check its Puff-age, and then the Tree will he in as bad :1 Condition as before ; but if that great Wood be cut our, and the Roots T796 PraEZical Fruit- Gaidmer. :7: Roots trim’d in Proportion, then the Sap iwill diffufe it {elf equally, and confiaquent— ly the Tree will grow more regular than befbre; andthis is fet dOWn, not from Read ' {on only, but alfo from Experience. If this Misfortune happens by Blights(as it often does) which not only deflroys the Fruit, but alfo whole Branches of a Tree at a time, there is no Remedy but Cut- ting it clofe and equal on each» fide as be. fore, encouraging the weak, and difcou- raging the flrong fide, till both fides are arriv’d to an Equality of Strength and Vigour, and you are likewife to oblérve what Kinds are mofl fubjeét to Blights, fincc lbme miflike one Soil and ibme ' another: Thus the Mignion, otherwife . one of the bell Peaches we have in England, will by no Means bear a heaVy Soil, nor the Admirable one that is over light; and when any of thofe Trees are naturally weak, then they are attack’d by A Rm“. ,, every Blight that happens. - for Treesy . All that can be. added on this SubjeétJ/Zfiyfii is to help thoie Trees that, are fickly and fear W: bear Egon. z 7 a The Prafikal H'zzét- Gardener. bear yellow; Leaves, and which isgene- rally Concomitant, Fruit of an ‘infim Tafie; fi-nee this mofily proceeds fr Trees that are planted too deep and’on a Clay, the Tree lhould. in the firfl Place be rais’d if young, but if too old, great Care lhould beitaken to make Drains, to carry off the fiagnated Water which is the Occafion of this Sickneis.. A frefh Application of fweetned Virgin Earth put down to the Roots, and if the Soil be Clay, an additional Supply of Coal-Allies or Sea-Sand at the Top; to which fliould be added rich Waterings with the Blood of Animals, or that wherein is fleep’d Sheep or Dears Dung, $6. set-".11 Though it may feem an unaccountable Met/{035 thing, that any Tree can be planted too {$27554 well, or in too good Ground, yet dai. film}: ly Experience in Fruit-Trees flicws it Sapiin may be, and I mufl own that I have grefmd been a Praétitioner long enough to fee lifpcfing one of the finefl; Plantations of Fruit that 2:? to ever Was in England in Decay, from this one Piece of Indulgence and over Care, I mean 7/96 Praflz'cal E'm't— Carderzer. mean the Making the Borders f0 rich, and confequently the Tree fo luxuriant, that they could nbt by any, Methods then known be kept under. To remedy this Lnxuriancy, fev eral Methods have been propos’d Some (lays The retired Gar- dener) are befotted to their old Ways, that they think if a hole be made through the Stern, and a Peg of dry Oak put there- ‘ jn, that this will reflrain the over abun- dance of the Sap, and make it‘ bear; but this Method (as flight as that Author “ makes of it) I have fcen try’d with very good Succels, in the Gardens of Mr. Hud- fqn, a neminenti Merchant living at SWIM- 79!, near Hampton Court in Middlefl’x; but thole Pegs were drove in when the Trees were young, ‘viz. about three or four Years Growrh, for it is ten or twelve Years ago fince Ifaw them. ‘ Others there are (fays that Author) who are of the fame Opinion, and Cay that one of the Roots {hould be fplit and , a Stone clos’d in it, and this will have the fame Efiea with the oaken Peg T Others 275 Ceteral other M e- tbods Z74 'Monfieur de la Quinti- nie's Me- thod the hfl. 7796‘ Pmfiical Hair—Gardener. Others have Recourfe to the Deereafe of the Moon to prune in: And the Editors of that Author in Engliflv, write of a Gentleman'that had twelve Dwarf Pears, that after eight or nine Years Planting, had not bore any Fruit; from, one half he took off the Bark fix inches broad, and half round the Gi-rth of each Tree, and from the other fix, the fix Inches quite' round, which had the Effect following, 7222. that the fix that were bark’d round died quite, or were languilhing, but the other fix were in a thriving Condition and bore Fruit; however this is far from being always true. But Monfieur de [a Qgtifltinie tells us, that he was forced to go to the very F oun- dation of this Matter, even to the Re- trenchment ‘of one or two of the largefl Roots; and upon Tryal, he found the Expedient infallible, though the Trees were old: And this has led me to the fol- lowing Praélice, which will appear to have much greater Probability of Succefs (as \ The Piflfiié‘dl E‘zzz't—Gam’mér. 273* (as indeed it has had “ith me) than any of the Methods yet prelcrib’ d. When it is confide1’d therefore, that :.m Ind *tis through thofe large Canals 01 great :gi‘efl‘i _ Roots, that the Sap paffes in fuch greatfl'vm- l Abundance; and that that Sap is crude and undigefled by that precipitate Hurry E it makes through thofe large Duets; where- ; ‘ as it is feen, that the fmaller the Boughs of the Trees are, the narrower and more contraéled are thofe Paflages, through which the Sap goes, and confequently the more refin’d it isin itslong Sublimation and Afcent,the fooner and better it is fitted for the Produétion of Fruit. Thefe Con- fiderations put together are a fufficient Demonflration, that Barrennefs proceeds from too great an Affluence of Sap through thofe large Roots, and that therefore thofe’ ' Roots ought to be taken off‘; yet becaufe I have found by Experience, that there is fome Danger in the praétifing this upon old Trees, I thought it might not began unufeful Tryal to begin' firft on young ' ones, even by taking them clear up once ’ 2. .111 w vr “ww—w—w‘m—v—w—Wv if“. «mi-V?“ ,— 276 2796 Praf‘i'ical E'zzit-GaH/mer; in two or three Years, and cutting away all the g1eat Roots. This w on ld effeétually do what I defir’d, and it has anlwer’d accor- dingly, having always in View that Pref cept of the ever memorable Virgil, In term 1: afueflcrc arm/tum efl. This likewiie 1s a 1ceable with what has been taught as to the Head; that is, ei- ther expelling thole great Branches quite out, or by dividing them into many, by Pruning, Nipping,-€~§’c. fifanyAd Befides the Advantage before mention- :fzi’fi’: ed, there are many others that accrue to us; :0 the 1m: as firli that you may thereby with Eafe re- flair/32:2 new the exhaul‘ted Earth wherein the Tree (lands; iecondly, thereby the Tree may be removd to another Expof' tron, in Cafe the Place where it was firfi plant- ed does not happen to liiit it, or in Cafe the Owner has a Mind to alter his Gar- dens and make new Walls. And though \ it may be laid that Fruit- Trees are often. ieen to be mov d with Succeis without all this Trouble, I anfwer that I have indeed feen it‘ done too; but when Trees come to w- "vi-wit The Prafléeal Fmét- Gardener. 277 .to be old there is Danger in doing it, tho" ' by confiant ,Ufe they may be mov’d at feven, eight, nine, ten or eleven Foot high, with all the Safety imaginable. a I have alfo try’d another Method to Eff/:32], difpof'e Dwarf Fruit-Trees to bear, that making have not bore many Yeats ; and though grfig’fl'ar‘. it has fome Alliance to the foregoing Ex- periment, yet it may not, ‘I prefume, ‘be impertinent to mention it in this Place, becaufe when Wall-Trees are unnail’d from the Wall, it may be ptaétis’d on them as well as Dwarf Trees” When it is ohferv’d then that Fruit- Trees have flood fome Years and not bore Fruit at all, or at leaft but a little, and that‘the Trees look healthy and vigorous as fuch Trees generally do; open the Tree at the Root as in the foregoing Experiment, and having cut off three or four of the largefl Roots, take a good flrong Cart-Rope or other Cordage, and putting a large Truf‘s of Hay-round the Bottom of the Tree, tying the Rope fafi round it, and ‘fetting a Man at each End of the Rope, let them T 3 pull. 178‘ i 7796 Pmfiic’al Hail-Gardener. pull fo hard as to {way the Tree as it were out of the Ground, then moving the Tye of the Rope to another Qiarter, do the fame as was done before: By which Means all the Roots of the Tree will be broke and loofe‘n’d in the Earth, and thereby incapacitated to fend up thofe large Qiantities of Sap it was wont to do, and the Tree itfelf will be put upon getting new and freih Fibres, which Experience has taught, will diipoie the Tree to bear much better than before, 1‘12: Rra- The Reafons that prompted me on to £271,415? this Experiment, Were Obfervations made the A at fever-.11 Times, how well all Orchard— ffi‘jm Trees have bore after high Winds, and WW- fuch as have, as it were, been level’d quite to the Ground, yet have always the next Year been obi‘erv’d to bear in a wonder- ful Manner: From whence I conclude, that the backward Dilpofition of Dwarf- Trees to bear, might proceed from the too great Stability in the Soil wherein they were planted; there not being either Height or Weight enough in the Head for i E \ 7796 Prafiical Fraiit- Gardener; for the Wind fo much as to give the Tree the leafi Motion imaginable. C H A P. XXXVI. Of the fiweml Alex/10d: for ?refi’rw'flg . F wit—Tree: from Bligbtr, 86c. ‘ Otwithfianding all the Care and l 7 Pains the laborious and diligent Planter and Pruner is at, in the regular and well Ordering of their Fruit Trees, it too often happens, that their Plants are infefied with Blights, Caterpillars, Canker, and many other Accidents that awaken the ferious V irtuoro’x to a diligent Enquiry after Methods to be taken to Cure, or at leaft to help thefe Misfortunes. For though generally {peaking it were better to pluck up Trees fo infefled and to plant Others in their Room; yet left any Au- thor Writing on this Subjeét ihould be thought to be fingular in difléring from ‘ ‘ T 4 £11011? 279 280 The weal: Obim'om of 'IM JF/ dent: in p wemin; oliglur. . 7796 PraEZz'c‘al Bait-Gardener. thofe that have gone before, it will not be improper in'this Chapter to trace thefe \Maladies as far as may be, and to let down inch Rules for the Cure of then}, as the Praétice and Experience of fore- going Authors, as well as thofe ofa more modern Date have fiavour’d the World Withal. Tbiloflmtm, C’olumclla, and many 0- thers amongi‘t the ancient Writers on Huf- bandry have told us, that if the Gardener encompachs the Alleys ofhis Garden with the Skin of a Sea Calf, or elle that of the Beafi ‘Hiena or the Crocodil, if he plants round his Garden the White Vine, or hang an Owl therein with his Wings ex- panded, it will prevent the Blight: And flrcbiéim is laid to have wrote to dumb. clam King‘of Syria, that if you bury a ‘fpeckled Toad inclos’d in an earthen Pot in the ‘middle of your Garden, the lame will be defended from all hurtful Weather and Tempefls. However, not to takefup too much Time in the Repetition of‘thefe very weak Conceptions of the ancients, ‘Diop/mucr, 7776 Pi’afiic‘al Hwét-Cczrt/efler. TDiop/mm's, and after him Coronarim in his Rules concerning Hulbandry,dire(5ts (and that with much more probability of §uc~ cefs than any of the former) that the ' Gardener gather together all the Weeds, Sticks, and other Trumpery he can get, and to {et them on fire in feveral Parts of the Garden, but efpecially in that/Part of it through which the Wind bloweth, that the Smoak may be carried and difpers’d all over the Garden amongfl the F rnit-Trees; thus will the noifome Air be refin’d and all Blights prevented. But others there {are of a later Date, that advife the putting of long Straw or Dung into a Wheelbarrow, and putting as much Fire thereto as will make a Smo~ ther, let this Barrow or Barrows be wheel’d round the Walls, by the Fume whereof - ‘ they aflure us all Blights will be prevent- ed from doing any Damage. And it mufl 'be OWn’d that thofe kind of Fumigations, if the Gardener could be always aware of what Weather would happen, and had not too much Bufinefs on his Hands, might ,281 ~28; The re- tir'd Gar— denet's Method. The com- mon Ma- rbod in England. 77.26 mez’ical Fruit- Gardener. might do great Service ; but as it will be an extraordinary deal of Care and Pains for a Gardener to be thus always upon his Guard; and as it is morally impolfible it lhould be done in large Plantations, let us have recourle to what our more modern Authors and Praétitiouers have faid on this Subjeét. The Author of The retir’d Gardener advifes, that in order to preferve your Fruit-Trees in the Spring from Frofls and Blights, that there be Umbrellas made of Peafe-Haxrlm, Eé'c. fallen’d to the Trellis whereon your Fruit—Trees are fallened ; but, ’tis plain this Method can be of little Ufe in England, Where we have few or no Trelliles of Wood againfl: our Walls as they have in Frame. Our Eizgli/lvfi Gardeners have therefore made ule of Bals Matts, laflening them to the,Walls with Iron Hooks and Nails; but this Method is likewife attended with forne Iuconveniency; for the Marts being pretty elofe wove together, there is no: that I 7736 Pmfiical Fruit-Gardener. ’ 28 3 that necefrary room for the Air to perfpire as it ought to do, and confequently the Boughs, Leaves and Branches of the Tree are drawn weak and pale, unlefs duly at- tended and taken on and of}, which in a multiplicity of Bufinefs it is not eafy to do. \ Mr. Lawrence’s Contrivance of hori- $72; Zontal Shelters has indeed amus’d the zomal World pretty much, fince the writing that Skew" finall Treatife of Gardening and managipg of Fruit—Trees. However, I have feen a Letter under that Reverend Gentleman’s own Hand, in anfwer to forne Queries fcnt to him by an infrenious Lady, (who much doubted the Praétice of it) where- in he told her, the Method was certainl right and praéticable ; but that he rather upon further Trials and Experience ad- vis’d his Friends to put pieces of Wood in their Walls, and lay Boards thereon at fuch times as the Tree required it. This Method {hall then be fe't down as the (beepefl, bafl, and mafl mtz'orml yet 284 779? mei’ical H'ztz't-Gardefler. \yet thought of. And I hope it will not be thought neflzr inventi: addere. 332:5), When you build your Garden-Walls, yrs/"mg you are then to put Brackets of Wood £2,le about one Foot long, and two and a half fighting. or three Inches illuare at every nine or L ' ten Foot diflance, being the length of a common Deal-Board. Let this Bracket be cut out of good (luarter Stuff, and a club End to it to work into the Wall as large as a Brick, and about the fame length; this will hold it fail in the Wall : At the farther end of this Bracket let there be a Notch, or you may drive a firong Nail, which {hall flop the Deal—Board from fli~ ding ofl': ForI lhould have iaid, that this Bracket muftand ought to be a little flo- ping, for that when the Board is on, it may hang over like a Pent-Houle. The firfl Row of Brackets .lhould be put in about three Foot frOm the Ground; and f0 on at every two or three Foot as the Wall advances, let there be put in thofe Brackets. During the time that the Trees are in Bloom, and till the Fruit is as big as 7766 Pr‘afiical Fruit- Gardener. as a very large Pea, the Boards lhould be continued on, only in fome very fine Days : For (as is ellewhere obierv’d) there is as much danger of Fruit during the time it is fetting or newly flat, as when it is in bloom, caus’d by thofe violent and fudden Alterations of Heat and Cold that is the natural Misfortune of our Climate. Other Countries much nearer the Line than we are, have indeed much colder and keener Weather, but then it is more regular, and not f0 fubjeét to Changes as ours is. I think little more is requir’d to be faid on this Matter, the daily Experi- encc of every Practitioner will more full _ inform him of the properefi Method to ule thele Shelters than I can do it in many Words; only thus much I thought ne- ceIIary to fet down by way of Enlarge- ment, and the better to explain Mr. Law- rence’s Second Thoughts, that I ma thereby recommend this Method as the mofi Uleful and the leafl Expenfive that has been yet invented for more common Praélice. \ ' I 285 a‘" :86 7/96 Pmflical Emit-Gardener. I lliall conclude‘this Head with another" Method which has been préfiifed in the‘ Gardens of the Right Honourable john ' Smitb Efq; one of the Tellers of his Ma: Mr. john bmith's .Mrthvd jbr flour— mg in; F: .‘rtt- Walla jefiy’s Exchequer , thefe fiften or fixteen Years with great Succefs, having indeed never mifs’d in all that Time. This Cover or Pent-Houle praétis’d f0 long by the Honourable 370/972 Emit/j Efq; lately decens’d, and with fo great Saccels, is no other than a Flake or Hur-t dlc made of Rodds cut out of Hedge- Wood about nine Foot long and three Foot wide, and after that thatch’d, yet not f0 thick as Thatch on Houfes is, but it) as that the Air may in fome Meafiire perfpire through, fince a {mall Admiflion of it is not ’onlytconvenient, but requifite to keep the Branches of the Tree from being drawn too weak. One of thefe Covers are generally e-» nough for a Tree, and are to be accom- panied with two wooden Forks like thofe‘ that Hedgers and Country Labourers ge— nerally carry their Burthens or Faggots home 77M Phi/032ml Fruit—Gardener. home with, and fo long as that the Poor of them may ref’t againfl the edge of the Grafs adjoining to the Water-Table to keep it from flipping,hanging the Hurdle or Cover on at the Top. New as it is hard to find any of thofe Forked Stakes flrait, the Fork ihonld be left on the infide oppofite to the Bend, that the Hurdle or Cover may tell; with more certainty on the Top of it, which it does by that natural Pliantnefs or Bending that is in the Fork, and makes it lefs moveable by the Winds. The Defcrip- tion of this cheap Shelter being done, it is now that I mull necelTarily obferve, that thefe Shelters are taken on and of ‘ at Pleafure during all froflty Nights and blighting Winds, and all other Weather where there is any appearance of Danger, always taking them away in fine Sun-lhiny Weather and Spring Showers. It may indeed be thought a great deal of Trouble, to be continually upon the Guard againfl: fuch an uncertain Enemy, but the Covers beingalways ready on the the top of the Fork before mentioned, two 287 283 7796 Pi‘afiical fizlét-Cair'dc'iier. ‘ two Men will with' great Eaie and Plea- fiire cover forty or fifty Trees in about half an Hour, which is more than is re- quired in any Common, or rather- private Plantation, Men generally covering none but Peaches, Neé’tarines, and the‘\like. ‘ It is Nlatter of lime Obfervation at firlt View, how it comes to pals, that to flight a Pent-Houl‘e, projeéting over no more than it does, lhould defend that un- der .Part of the Tree from this Mis- fortune. But certain it is, that what We call Blights, is little more than wet falling on the Flowers, Leaves, iinallFruit, {9%. and after that by the natural Coldnels of the Air in out Climate condenfCing itlelf to fuch a Degree, that upon its firfi relaxa- tion by the Sun and Air, that tender Frame is diflblv’d and fpoil’d; f0 that thefe Pent- Houfes keeping oil‘ the cold Rains and Dews, prevents the greatelt if not the on— ly Source from whence this Evil proceeds: But if the Wall be nine or ten Foot high, I ihould adviie two Rows, the upper Part always to remain; but this Experience will 7b.? Pmfiical Fruit-Gardener. 'Will more certainly teach; than any Di: ‘reétions I can giVe. C H A i). XXXVIL Of the Gathering and Treflr'viflg 0f Fruit. HE KnoWledge of the true Time and Method of gathering and pre- ferving of Fruit, either as it ripens hang:- ing on the Tree, or is from thence pluck’d and laid in the Fruitery, is filCh as requires no Apology nor Words to fet it forth, though it is acquired more by Experience. than Reafoning. ' It is very well known; that Summer Fruits are fcarce ever fit to eat but when they are ready to fall from the Tree; ex- cept thofe that are fubjeét torbe mealy, which {hould be gathered lbmewhat foon- er, if reguir’d to be in their Perfeétion; and it is to be obferv’d, that all Summer U Pears 2-89. l 190 I The Prafiz’cal Fruit-Gardener. Pears are a little yellowilh in the Rind near the Stalk. The bell Time for gathering of Peach- es, Neétarines, 556. is in theMorning, jufl as the Dew is going off, for then they are cool and fine; though generally Virtuofo’s defire to have their Fruit lye cooling on Shelves in the ‘Fmitery for a Day or two (and forue {21y more ;) for the Heat ofthe Sun taints Fruit and makes the Juice un- wholl'ome. In gathering Fruit, efpecially Peaches, take Care not to bruiie them with your Thumb; and of Plums, that you rub not off the Powder. There are indeed few of the Autumn as well as Winter Fruits that ripen well upon the Tree, but require to be carried into the Fruitery to fweat and perform a dew Fermentation, \ihich “ill make them foft and mellow ; but then for the gritty {tony Pear-Kind (luch as the Mon- fieur John, $6.) the Tafle only ihews their Maturity and Goodnefs, they very 1e1- dom givingWay to the Impreflions of the Thumb. Winter 7°63 Pméi’iml 'sz't- Gardener. ._ Winter Fruits,fi1ch as Pears and Apples; lhould be carefiilly gathered by Hand, when they Will eafily leave“ the Tree; and the Weather is dry; and the choil‘er;Sort ihould be fpread upon dry Wheat Straw ‘or Mofs in the Fruite'ry, where they. lbould enjoy as much dry mild Air as pof- fible; but by all Means keep them from the F roll. In the gathering of Grapes we mull a1; Ways be fure to ufe a {harp Knife; for in‘ gathering them by Hand there is great Danger of breaking or tearing the Branché CS. “2'91 .192 Of South Walls. 7796 Prafiic‘al Fruit-Gardener. C H A P. XXXVI“. Of the feveral Tofiti‘om or Afpefz‘r of fVa/I: for the Rifening of Fruit, . Ourh Walls have been all along reek- on’d the bell for Fruits, tho’ later Obfe‘rvation and Experience have not con- firm’d it : For when the Days are fomc- thing long, and the Heat of the Sun in its greatel‘t Strength, it is late before the Sun lhines upon them, and it leaves fuch a P0- fition as early in the Afternoon. Befides, when it is Mid-day, the Sun is f0 much elevated above the Horizon: s that it lhines but faintly and very flop- ingiy upon them, which makes the Heat to be much the leis, inalmueh as a fmaller (luautity of Rays falls upon fueh a Wall ; it being vifible that both I before 7796 Praffical Fruét- Gardener. 2 9 3 before and after Noon the Sun lhines hotter, than When it is in its highefi Meridian. From whence ’tis natural to infer that 154/; m, a little inclination either to the Eall or WWW-2;" Weft are the bell Al'peéts ; but which of ”Wm ' the two will maintain its Precedence may be now enquir’d into. And in this Enquiry I {hall venture to m 55/2, affirm, that the Ball, or rather South-Ball 32:12:; are to be prefet’d to the Well or South- Em? ff- Wel‘t, though they are as much expofed 6,32; to the Sun as Bait Walls are. The Rea- any- fon of which I take to be, becaufe the. Morning Air is purer, and that the Sun lhines oftner and flronger than in the Af— ternoon; and, (as a certain Author truly lays) meets with the-Dew Whilfl: it is . yet frelh upon Plants, reviving them after a long Remand, (as it were,) refrefliing Sleep: For, as I take it, the chief Caufe why the Eal’tern Afpeét is better than the Wellern, is, that the Coldnefs of the Air. in fome meafure checks all Vegetati- on till the Sun revives it again, which U 3 Refreflilnent 3,94. The meiz'cal Fruit- Gardener. Refrelhmcnt is much fooner obtained on an Eafierly than a Wefierly Wall. In the Afternoon the Heat of the ambient Air is great every where; and Heat alone (as is well obferv’d) without any Sun-fliine, is able to make Plants vegetate, though nm [0 perfeé’tly. Tho’ it fllould be argued that the Sun i'hines flronger in the afternoon than the morning becaufe it continues to aét on Air already warm’d with the Influence of thegmorning Sun, yet in as much as the Rays of the Sun are more healthy and chearful then than after, and difpell the cold Dews and Vapours as before; it is more than an equivalent to the extraordi- nary Heat of the afternoon Sun, as Expe- rience lhews, which is generally Languid and unhealthy. From whence l inferr as £22902” before that the South Eait maintains its {my 3 1,; FOR agaiuf‘t either the South or South Wefl. “fl ”f “1" "BS from Reafonings of this kind, I ~ would venture to efiablilh it as my humble Opinion (and I think I have the Surf: age of mofi eminent Planters and Gardeners ' ‘ E0 \ 0 / y Q ~ 7798 PraEE’zml [Wm—Gardener. to fecond me) that a South Wall decli— ning about twenty Degrees to. the Ball, iS ‘ preferable to any‘of the other, inalmuch as the Sun {hines as early on it as on a full Eaft Wall, and never departs from it ' till about two a Clock in the Afternoon; befides, it is fomcthing remov’d from tbofe defiruétive Winds that come from the Well and North. In 111011;, a Lover 'of Fruit {hould in every View principally guard againfl his greatefl Enemies, cold, raging and deflrué’rive Winds, the melan~ choly Evils of our Climate, and the great Occafion of our entire Want fome Years of the bell and latelt Fruit. From this fliort Enquiry then into the Difference of the Afpeéts of Walls for Fruits, it may not be improper to defcend into other particulars which naturally fall under this Head : And firfl as to floping Walls. “ Conceive (fays a great * Advocate A “ for floping Walls) a perpendicular Wall ?* Vid. Fruit Walls imbrav’d, mg 4. 4 “ with 295' 296 ‘f with Trees againft it; it is evident that 6‘ (G ‘6 (G (K C 0‘ (C (C ‘c c‘ “ (C (C (c 6‘ 6‘ (c (f. (C (C (C b". t The Prafiical Fruit'Gardez/zer. is expos’d only to one half of the vi- fible Sky, and the Point to which it is direétly expos’d falls upon the Hori- zon. To \\ hich Point ihould w e fuppofe 1 the Sun to be iomethi’ng near, one half of the time it would be under the Hori- ZOn, and the other half it would ihine but weakly through fo great a Depth of Air. " “ But if we fuppoie the faid Wall re- maining on the fame Place to be inclin’d with the Trees againfl it, fo as to be- come elevated only forty five Degrees upon the Horizon, and to have the Trees on its upper fide , the Wall in that Situation will be expos ’d to three Qiarters of the vifible Sky, and the Point to which it is direéily expos’d will he forty five Degrees high; to all the Neighbourhood of which Place, if the Sim happens to come, it 111qu needs aét from thence upon the Wall with a confiderable force. mmu 7793 Prafléc'al Fi‘zzit— Gardener. I {hall not give my felf nor Reader the trouble of examining theMathematical Cal- culations with which that Author endea- ’ vours to demonftrate this Hypothefis; but take it for granted as he aiTerts, 1?. 6. of the aforementioned Treatife, “ That “ in the summer Solflice, the Action of c‘ the Sun upon that finooth floping Wall “ will be increas’d, f0 as to be upon one “ Account more than three and a half “ times greater than the Action upon the “ perpendicular Wall.” This muft be confefs’d to be a very curious Calculation, and perhaps no whit inconfiflent with Truth, but yet Experience has taught (and that in a * floping Wall, Ithink, of the Author’s own direéting) that though the Sun may act with more vigour in its . folflitial Capacity on a floping than on a perpendicularWall, yet it is as deficientin its natural Performances, which by the Authors own Arguments, as well as the Qbfervarion of almofi every Body that ’f A: Belgair-Caflle has 397 2598 The PmEZical Fruit-Gardener. has made any Obfervation at all, that Dews are expell’d at leafl an Hour in the -Morning fooner from a perpendicular Wall than from a floping one; fo that what is gain’d at one time is lol’t another. But let thefe Speculations carry what Weight they will, we are furely inform’d by the Obfervations and Experience of the Gardeners at Bel‘voir Caflle before- mention’d, that thofe Walls after all their Expence,- were ulelefs till affifled by ar~ tificial Heat ; the Succels of which is very well known. And as it was my Lot to have fome Diret‘kion in fome Reps that Were taken therein, I lhall in its proper Place lay it down for the Benefit of thofe that may have an Occafion to build fuch Walls. I proceed therefore now to {peak ' of limb Walls as have been contriv’d for the Acceleration of Fruit. CHAP. . 1X Frui/fi Garden MW ye ¢Vafld are 360%. The Pmflical Fruit-Garéié‘hef. 29 9 C H 'A P. XXXIX. Refirenter‘ to a Time, fljewz‘rzg the écjfl YDz'ffofltion of ”falls. ' H E following Plan I have contriv’d on purpofe to fllew the heft Me- thods of difpofing the Walls of a Kitch— (‘11 Garden to Advantage; and though the Figure is not in its felf the molt beautiful, yet I may venture to fay, there are {ome Things that are entirely new in ’ it. It is a Figure that with fome Amend- ment I made fome Years ago for a noble Lord, in which it may be oblerv’d, the South and South-Eaf‘t Walls which are the hell, are very much improv’d by the fix- ing the Meridian Line ; the South-Welt Wall is only injur’d, which is of no great Element; the North is the fame as uiual. All. the Divifions without are Plantati- ons planted and fotm’d with as much De- light 30.0 The Prafiical Hail-Gardener. light as Ufe, in guarding'the wall’d Gar- den againfi the Impetuofity of the Winds, {56. for it is and has been all along my Method when Icould, to enclofe thefe Fruit—Gardens within the larger Quarters of Wood, €56. whereby the Garden lie-s .more commodioufly to come to, and adds to the Extent and Beauty of your Garden at once, and if well difpos’d, is ‘ one of the greatefl: Ornaments of a De- fign. Indeed there are fome Plans where it is impolfible to include finch a Garden in that Manner; the badnefs of the Soil, the want of Water and other Conveniencies being great Bars againfi it : Such are the fine Fruit-Gardens of Blenheim, ~Bur. leig/J, and which tho’ of a later Date and nor fo large, that of Seam/25103! in Hart— ford/hire, all of them Inflances how neceflary detaeh’d Fruit—Gardens are. CHAP. The Pmfliml Fruit- Gardener. @gggegegwwwg CHAP.“XL. 0f the Accelerating or Forcing Graper, Figgs, Y)€d€/J€J‘, &c. N oneof the preceding Chapters Ihave given an Account of the Method of building Walls, and of the Succefs of floping, which I mention here by way of Introdué’tion; becaufe it hasled the World to the following Improvement of glafling I and forcing Grapes, which was never done to that Perfection in any Place as it is upon fome of the great Slopes of that is elevated and noble Situation of Be/wir Cdflle, belonging to that ancient and tru- ly great Family of the Maflnflfex, Dukes of Rat/mid. ‘ The firfi building ofthele floping Walls was (I have before hinted) at the Infiiga- tion, and Ibelieve by the Diteé’tion of the Author of a Treatile in large Qiarto, of Fruit-[Walls 361 302 The Praflécal Bruit- Cal/dawn Frait-W'al/r impiio'v’d. That Gentleman being at that Time Tutor to the then Marquis of Taviflock, afterwards Duke of Bea’f‘ord, to whom it was dedicated : But notwithftanding the plaufible Shew made by that Theorifl, by which one Would have thought that that accelerating would be more certainly perform’d; yEt the Garde; ners found it did not do when reduc’d to Praétice, how well foever it appear’d in the Theory. This Was the Occafion that the late Duke of Rutlmzd undermined this floping Wall (which fell not becaufe it refled on the Bank ;) which being done, he caus’d a Funnel of Brick to be made behind the Wall, and as it were under the Border, to convey Heat from End to End of the Wall; this being done, he ripp’d up i‘eVeral Parts in the Wall at about ten Foot alim- der, (as I remember) which were carried forwards and backwards in Order to heat the Wall; led thereto, from what he had obferv’d at the back of a Kitchen Chimny, wherein Heat was plainly difcover’d to be the 7793 P rat't’z'cal Fruit- Gardener. the principal Agent in this Affair. After this Expencc which I cannotfiay was great, 1 his Grace was refolv’d to be fare, and therefore he glafs’d them all before as you do Stoves, which pen’d in the Heat to a .great Degree, and from this they had pre- iently good Succe1s. It was my good Fortune to come that Way during lome Amendment that was making to this Place, and finding that there were abundance of Pafl‘ages on the back of the Wall, whereby I judg’d the Heat . evaporated very much, unlefs the Fires Were very flrong; I took the Oppor- tunity to acquaint his Grace with my Sentiments, that as the Root was the Trimm Maéz'le of Vegetation and the grand Source from whence the Tree drew all its Juices, I humbly eonceiv’d, that the heating that Part had been too little con- fider’d, and the heating the Boughs too / much; this occafion’d a new Amendment, and that was to {hut many of the Funnels on the back of theWall, and lay the great- er Strefs of the Experiment on the Roots, by 303 364 77.76 me/iml Fz-‘z/it- Gardener; by making a larger Funnel under the Bor: der, flmtting up molt of the back Pafl'ages as before and by often renewing the bor: ders with frelh Earth, and watering them well, which has anfwer’d beyond Expeéta; tion, and has confirm’d me in the Opinion 1' was always in: That the Fire in a Kitch- en Chimny lying low and being generally under the Roots is the greateft Occafion of the Maturity and Acceleration of Fruit,- efpecially Grapes, rather than any adven- titious Heat that comes to the Boughs. But be that as it will, I am fatished by a noble and moi‘t ingenious Obferver of vegetable Nature, that this is the all in all; for which Reafon he has made few or no back Funnels. to his Hoping Walls; Andl mul‘t add one Thing more which his Grace told me, and that is, that he is now trying of Figs, and does not doubt but to bring them to as great PCI‘ feé‘tion as the Grapes. It is of great Uie that you put Rubbiih behind the Walls, to prevent it from be- ing 7796 meiical Frzzz'tsGardemr. ing damp, which it would otherwife be On all Clay ey Soils. ' The Expence of keeping artificial Heat being not great, nor the trouble much, you'mul’t begin making Fires abOut the beginning or middle of jammy, which will fet the Vine to work about the beginning, or middle of February. The Sun fucceeds to fecond this artificial Heat,which may be lefTen’d as it encrea- fes its natural Vigour, and the Glafles may be open’d on all fine Sun-fhiny Mornings, and remain, in cafe the Weather is fine, till towards Night ; but the Glafles muff be {hut down before the Sun is gone off an Hour or two, which retains the Heat more flrongly within the Glaf‘s-Cale. N B. Peaches, Neé’tarines, and Abri- ' cots don’t love to be fOrc’d, at leal’t the Fruit is very feldom good; for being na- turally of a Watry Tafie, and there being much Occafion to keep the Glaffes clofe, the Fruit is always render’d flat and infipid. ‘ This is not pure Speculation, but the Refult of the Praétice that I have obferv’d in the X Glafse 355’ 306 ‘1 me Prac‘lical Frait- Gardener. Glafs-Houles at Brampton-(Park. On tlw contrary, the Vine is endued with that noble Racinefs of Tafle, that no fmaII want of Air can alter or firbdue it ; and Nectarines are the next that .I know of certainly, tho’ I can’tbu-t have 'a good Opinion of Figs alfo, there being a very great Strength in the Tafle, that can’t be over-balanc'd by any deficiency of Air. To finifh‘ this Account of accelerating or forcing Fruit, I am credibly inform’d, that Cherries planted in Pots, and the ,. Pots plunged in Tanners Bark, and in- clos’d during the Winter in a Glafs Cafe,- have blollom’d in ‘7a-naa71y, and have had large green Fruit about the fifteenth of the Febraam’ following, which in all proba- bility will be ripe in Alan/J; but yet it mull upon the whole be own’d, 772a: all Fruit in it: natural Sea/0a, and in in natural way of Ripeaing, i: lefl. Cnmfi [I N" Ilhw V A Phi: Gamien MW z/e iflgj/d 0773,86”, ; .‘mhhhmn‘il \\ \ 3,1,--.“ --..--.-. . . \\\\\ mm” 1M ”=:12?z-- ‘EE:7 7% Prdflim‘l Hark-Gardener. C H A P. XLI. Reflrénce: to d Tldi‘i,‘ wherein t/éé Watering of a Garden i3 expeditiouflj ferform’d. Aving in a former Work relating t6 Gardening, fer down how condui- cive Water Was to Vegetation in general, as being not only the Vehicle by which all terreflrial Particles are convey’d into the Trunk, Btmghs and Leaves of a Tree, but alfo in its own Qjality containing fundry Particles of Earth it felf, as it were infen- fibly infinuating themfelves into whatever is growing near, as Mint, €92: I fliallhave‘ the leis Occafion to fay much now, but Only to lhew in fome meafure bow it may be conducted to the Garden fer uf'e; and by the annex’d Plan demonflrate, Firfls How a Fruit and Kitchen Garden lying on X 2 a dead 3 0‘7? .03 77.76 Praflical Fi‘lflfiGZZi'dEflEi’. a dead Level may be over-flow’d and wa‘v- ter’d in an Inflant of Time. The Invenr- tion .(ifit maybe To call’d) is in it felfnot fpeculative, but really ufeful,andit is made conducive in feveral Parts of hot Coun- tries to the moft. prodigious Productions of Nature that are poflible to be coneeiv’d. The following Plan is one that I have contriv’d for a Lady of extraordinary Me- rit in [Wilt/hire on the Road to the Bat/7; and as it is entirely new in its Kind, will, I hope, meet with a favourable Reception from all‘ingenious Lovers of Gardeningand Planting. The Scheme is demonflrative of its Ufe3. I only obferve, that there are under Ground Drains of Clay, made as is direéfed Chap. 4. which. bring the Water into the little iEIuare Bafons, and others that are made of Wood or Earth that let it out into the leveral (luarters round it; and yet the whole is done with very little Expence. I can’t but obierve alfo, that thofe little Ponds. are lo many Stews for Fiih ; and that in all fuch Cafes as thefe, Water _ may 7798 Pmfiz‘cal Emit—Gardener. ' \ may be brought two or three Miles for about fix Pence a Pole, or lefs ; but the Water can’t be expeéted to be clear, Which yet is not requir ’.d In the middle of each little Stew there are Earthen Pipes (made at the Potters) cork’d up, which,when you have a Mind: you may unflop. The Ponds themfelves when drawn down a Foot, will near Water the @ar- ters adjoining thereto ; but then there is 3 Canal that is communicating with the lower Part, and a Refervoir that com- municates with \the upper Part for the Garden, as appears by the Plan, which lies on three different Levels. The upper Part of the Plan neXt the Binding, lhews the Communication that there is between the Kitchen Garden and a fine Bafon of Water that lies under a Terms and Cafcade above fifty Foot per pendicular. V: U; 'AI: V309 310 Woe Prac‘lical Fruit- Gardener. A I: a Place" for a Grotto under tine Houfl: B A Cofmde ofalozttfifly Foot fall. D A large Bo/on. E d T erra: W alt looking down on tbs fiid 84/071. F The Horizon of the Slofie. G A Bafliorz projefi‘ing' o'ver tbe Bar/on, H ngrters for Green: and flowering Sbrués. . ‘ I A Canal. 5 ,4 Term: Walt under tbe Wall. CHAP. 779e Prafiical [Wait-Gardener. C H A P. XLlI. 0ft/Je ‘Ufe of [Vatw for Me Benefit of Vegetation. Beiizg a fart/yer Exf/a- 7m tiorz oft/1e fizid Tim. ‘2‘] ATER being the Life and Soul of a Garden, I conceive I can’ c better employ my Time than in giving one particular Chapter concerning it, and the Methods I would advife ( efpecially in all level Gardens) for the quick Difpatch of that Work Water being fo necefrary for a Gar- den, as will appear, if it be allow’d, that Heat, Moifiure, and a good Soil are (as is intimated in fome former Accounts of Gardening) the T/Jree great Coefficients in the vegetative Syfiem. That Heat and Moillure are the two Principles that give Life to all Vegetables (that are well planted, and in a proper .Soil) is apparent, when we confider how X 4 thole 311.1: 312 m» Prafiical Fruit-Gardener. thofe Powers aétuate on the {alt or nitrous Particles that lye as it were hid in the Earth. Now thofe Salts can have no Effeét in themfelves unlefs difolv’d by Water, and rais’d by the Influence of the Sun; for whilft they are as it were confin’d to the Earth, and endued only with that Lumpilhnels that feems to be deduc’d .with them from their original Chaos and Stupidity of Matter, they are incapable of doing any thing neceITaty to new Produétions; but when the Water has difTolv’d thofe Salts, and mingled them with all the Parts of the Earth, IIay, thele Salts thus animated, feparate, and communicate themfelves to the Roots of the Plants that receive their Nourilhment from them. A due Conjunétion of Heat digefis this Nourilhment, and changes it into the Subfiance of the Plants: And ’tis thus that Heat and Moifiure give and prelerve the vegetative Life of Plants. But whoever would be better fatisfy’d in this matter, may have recourfe to m, former Treatife, where I have made an Extraa / 7796 Prm‘i’ical fruit—Gardener. Extraét out of Dr. Woodward’s curious Ellay of all that is proper for the true Knowledge of the Progrefs of Moiflure. And now proceed to the Praétice of this ufeful Work. In order to the Well Watering of a Gar- den, every careful Planter fliould contrive the belt Method he can, whether by En- gine or Pumps, or Water drawn and con- duéted from fome neighbouring Spring, Hill, or Valley, to his Garden; which lhould be a' Matter he {hould principally Confider. . The Plan here plac’d, is (Imay ven- ture to affirm) one of the molt expedi- tious Methods that has been thought of for Watering a Garden, (but it mull be fuch aone as I have oblerv’d before, ly- ing upon a Flat, and will fully anfwer all that can be propos’d concerning Watering of Gardens. ’ . ' Ihave adjoyra’d the Gardén-Bafon or Refervoir, with other contiguous" Advan» tages, to illultrare this ulcful Method; and malt premife, that from this it is pro- ' ' posd 313 3‘4 T/aé Pmfi’ical Frzzit—Cardezrer. pos’d to water a great deal of other dry fandy Land that lyes near it. , a As to the Kitchen Garden, it would be fome pity it lhould lye above the Refer- voir, but there is fuch a Plenty of Water that is defigu’d to come through it to help fill the Bafou, that it will neverthelefs be effected. The Profpeét from Letter A, where there is a Grotto defign’d, is the Finefl of any in the Weileru Parts. The Terras is of the narrowefi, but it could not be help’d, becaule of its great Height, and the Misfortune of the Building {landing too near the Precipice of the Hill, has occafion’d the railing a good part of it a-new, and at a great Ex- pence, particularly the Bafiions mark’d C' and G. But the Beauty of'thofe great Slopes with fo large and ufeful a Baion of Water as is below, will, it’s hop’d, com- peufate the Expence. The Bafon is about two Acres three (luarters. To explain the Plan more particularly, as it relates to the KitchenoGarden, the ‘ fquarc fie melical Fruit-Gardener. fquare Bafons are not only defign’d for little Stews for Fiih, but at each Corner there are Elm-Pipes with Plugs to them that go under the Alley, and communi- cates with the adjacentDivifion or Quar- ters, which will in an infant float rhe fame, becauf'e the little Bafons are defign’d to lye fix Inches higher than thofe DiVi- fions or Quarters; and then the whole is fo contriv’d by other larger Elm Pipes, that the laid little Bafons are fill’d by the Canal and other Conveniencies. The Canal mark’d M. is another Dcfign for a Menagerie, with Orcharding or Groves on each fide; but this is not yet begun upon. The Defign is for Sf}— fParé, the ancient Seat of the Bayztan’s. A7. B. The Engraver by my Abl'ence has made fome fmall Miflakes, but none fo capital as to deferve much Correction. Cnan 315 31‘6 , 7793 Pmnmz Hint-Gardener. eeeeeefieemeaeeene C H A P. XLIIL Some additional Confldemz‘ionx concerning the ‘Difpofitian of Walk, the ‘Diflance of Fruit-Tracy, Sec. 0 compleat as much as can be what may be {aid as to the Difpo- fition of Walls, the Diflance of Planting Fruit-Trees, €55. and an Account of the Effee’c that the Sun may have on parti- cular Afpeéts, it may not be improper to add to what has been before faid, fome Precepts, which though promifcuoufly fet down, will, ’tis hop’d, be of fome Ad- vantage to the Work. I can’t indeed (as is elfewhere noted) lay that great Strei‘s on the Influences of the Sun as fome Writers have done, as if that {uch and fuch Fruits wouid not come to any thing but on fuch and fuch Pro- fpeéts, and fuch and fuch Degrees of Hiat’ ut The PraEZical Fruit: Gara'eaer. but it may be foafar true, that there may be Reafons why they may be fomeWhat improv’d by particular afpeéted Walls, though not much; the Sprightlinefs of the Soil being, as is often mention’d, the almoit All in All for the mature Pro- duétion of Fruit.‘ So far then the Opinion of the Freach Writers (and thofe Gentlemen that have endeavour’d to explain them) Ieems con- fonant to Reafon, viz. That eariy Fraitj' 3‘7 do he]! agairtfl an Eafl, or rather South; 7‘ Eafl—Pl’afl, while others that are later require a longer and more iateafi’ Heat to ripen their Fruit. Ican’t fay indeed that the Difference is very great in either Afpeét; but there is a Chearfulnefs and Salubrity in the Morning Sun (as before fet down) and its Aptitude to diiilpate the‘cold and grofs Humours of the Earth, and thofe Dews that are its natural Com eomitants in the former part of the Year, and \Vhilfl the Fruit is yet final], thatma make it an Argument not altogether to be rejeéted ; ci‘pecially if we add» thereto, that 3 I 8. 7796 PraEZz'caZ Fri/it- Garde'ner. that early Fruits require‘all the Encoul‘ I ragement that the early Sun can afford; while late Fruits have the SUn of a whole Summer to accelerate their Vegetation" ' and to bring them to all the Maturity this, . Soil and Climate are capable. £05255”? The Nutmeg,- Troy, George,Peach~ ' Aficfi- es, and all the early kinds, {hould have this Pofition, as alfo the Mignion Admi- rable, and fome Newington, though ofan' after Date, and about one of a Sort of the late Katharine and late Pavies for try- 211; but let there be two early ones to one late one. fix}: Again, It will not be amifs to plant South— fome few of the early Peaches againfl: the W'fl- South or South-Well Afpeét, about one of a Sort, taking two late Peaches to one that is early. hit/1:34 For the Weft and North-Weft indeed, Nartb- unlefs it be a third or fourth Part for Ex- :33 Af— periment’s Sake lhould be only referv’d; thofe that are the mofl hardy of all; fuch are the Montaubon, Newington, and all or molt of the Neé’carine Kinds. 8 Although 7796 Prac‘i’écal Fruit- Gardener. 319 Although there are few Pears .but what : :1"; g'“ Will grow and bear on Dwarfs and Stands,g*f;i Ar: yet there are fame fo good and late, and P“ '9‘ confequently {o valuable, that they will merit fame of the bell Walls we have. The Colmar, St. Martial, Angober, and the like, the bell South and South—Bait afpeéted Walls. The St. Jermaine, Am- bret, Louis Boon, Lachafiery, ‘56. will do on a Wellern or Eafl Afpeél: all the Autumn, and Summer Pears will do very Well on' a Northern; but in order to have fome Buree de Roys and Burgamots in the greatell Perfeétion, I advife a Tree or two of each, on fome of the belt pofited Walls. As for Plums, I would have one or Plums- two of each fort on every one Afpeé't, 2:! if; and half a Dozen of every Sort of Cher. After? r:- ries, that they may fucceed one another 7W“ ' all the Fruit Seafon. Abricots require a good Ball or gibrirm Wellern Alpeét; but we can’t allow them ”$32: 6‘ any Room in the South or South-Ball on ' Account 32 o 7796 mefical Fruit— Gardener. Account of the flurry valuable Peaches ' and Pears that require that Pofition. Oftlae To what has been laid on the proper 311:3; Afpeél: and Difpofition of Fruit-Walls, Trees 4 may be added the Height of Walls, and $47,]; at”, the Difiance which Fruit-Trees fhould be theHeig’mplanted from each other. Now this is memf' d‘etermin’d by the parti‘Cular Sort of Fruit- Tree every one plants, whether a Peach, Abrico't, or Plum; every one of thefe requiring, if it could be had with Regu- larity to the Garden-Fence; different Heights of Walls, though the Diflances may be near one and the fame: How- ever it is better to have Walls for Peach- es, Plums, €56. rather too low than too high, and to be planted too wide than too near together; becaule thereby you may draw their Branches more Horizon- tally, which mufi be own’d to be an Ad-‘ vantage to the well-bearing of the Tree. Panther Peach Trees will bear in as narrow a $2”? Compafs as any Tree, if taken often up “ ° and prun’d, as before direéted; for being planted on too high'a Wall, is, by the Ad- 8 dition The Pmfii'cal Fruit-Gardenéf 3%} ‘ dition of ill Management, the Cafe that they are lb thin at bottom; for the Sap naturally tepding upwards, leaves all the lower Boughs unfed, and conlequently languilhing and fiarving, The Height of a Peach Wall need not be above Eight Foot, if in poor Soil, not above Ten or Eleven in the Strongefl; but as we generally plant, a Standard Cherry, or a fpreading Vine between them, we may allow Nine or Ten Foot for one, ' and Elevator TwelVe Fobt for the o- ther, and' about Ten or Eleven Foot afunder. Plums will do on the fame Terms 2131) "m Peaches as to the Height of the Wall, 2:12;? a but need not be planted at. fo great 23x . Difiance ; Eight foot at mofl being fulfi- 'cient, for that they form bearing Wood, and bear with lefs trouble than other Trees do. Abricots would require more Height Atriwb and Difiance than either of the afore :21; 1:2; , mention’d, becaule they feldom bear well Wig/9f \ till they are fome Years growth and well Y fprea‘d; 322 Fun, what Room rc- U 7%? Prafiical Fruit-Gardener. fpread ; but we generally for Regularity’s? fake, keep them to the fame Dimenfions asrothers ; but if you do allow them the end of a Chimney or Houfe, or a high Wall, let the Preparation be at leafl: Eight 01' Ten Foot fquare for them, that {0 the Roots may have room to run, and be well fed. Peat Trees, efpecially thofe that grow grofs, or with large Wood, require the quired for molt room of all. :lnm. But then the Preparation or Recep- tacle' for them {hould be made very ex- tenfive for the Roots to expand them~ {elves in, at leafi Twelve Foot fquare ; but it muft be noted, which I had before omitted, that Pears will grow and profper well in coarfe Ground, which Peaches and. Other Trees of a more delicate Nature will not ; but as for extent, a Pear Wall ma well be Fifteen Foot' high and the Trees Thirteen Foot afunder; but we are ge~ nerally oblig’d to make ihift with lefs. From a View of thefe Rules, which are Facts, may be feeu how uncertain thofe 7728 melical Huh-Gardener. thofe Direétions are that confine all forts of Fruit into one Square, be it either Ten or Eleven Foot, more or lefs; fince the Vigoirr of one Tree is not equal to that of another. Our good old Eugli/Iy Newington-Peach will indeed rife to Ten or Twelve Foot high the befl of any Peach 1 know ; hutit is not to be expeéted that the tender Fruits from Frame ihould do fo, efpecially in our Climate. Cherries require only common Walls, which is all I ihall add. Thus I hope I have led my Reader through that general Courfe o‘fDireétions that I propos’d at my firft Beginning, fo far as relates to the Managing and well Governing of a Fruit-Garden. What I have done, is founded on Praétice more than Speculation. \ FINIS'. Y2. 333 (1 -,-.>A'.... , ,7. *B'R I'COT', Br‘ux'cll駑 ' ’ Page'loo Abricots, Bullacc Stocks for the Druxeflcs £36 ,Abrlcots, Stocks proper them . ;» ibid. , FAbricot, the Timé to bud it ‘ ‘ 41. Abrinot, ofidnie Yearls- planting how to pruhe ‘ 149 Apricpff'its‘ Vantcr pruning , . , ~7.53 Abqitbtlé’; hgacrcd t0'recoiertthem ’ $1.69 Abrlcpts' pruning the {Ni-FY31": , _ , ‘ 1‘23, ' ‘ '4 Yitto' fcéond Yea; , , ' 245 ~b——Z?-§-EDMO third Yen," .: L ‘ 3- 5 147 " Jim M’inrcr pruning r . ' ’. ,, 2-57 Afirx‘ccrs, Thé‘Si’fumonl'or'fliem ‘ '20 Abricots, not to be faxed - . i ‘ 3'30; Abricots, how to be polited ‘ 319 Abricots, their Diflance and Height 32.1 Almond Stocks for Peaches 257 Apples, a proper Climate for them I33 , Apples, Calvlllc I33 Apples, Comparifon beIWecn‘Frmély and Englifl: 133 Apple, Fremb Rambourgé ' ‘ A 135 Apple, Golden Pipin ibid. Apple, Golden Monday :37 Apples, Holland l’ipinS‘ . . ibid. Apple, Apple, Herefbrdflrire Pipin Apple, Haryey Apple, Juncti'n‘g Apple, july Flower Apple, 301m , Apple, Kermfl: Prpin Apple, Kerton Pinn Apple, Maudlin Apple, Nonperell Apple, Pomroy Apples, Paradife Stocks for them Apple, the Golden Rennet Apple, the Golden Doucet Apple, the Quince Apples grafted upon Crabs; Apple, Pearfon’s Pipin Apple, Fame (1’ Api Apple, Permain, Summer Apple, Permain, Queens ' Approach grafting by it April, the Time of planting Ever- -greens Afpeét for Winter Pears Afpeét for Vines Afpefl for feveral forts of Fruit Afpeéts for Fruit Afpeét proper for early Peaches Afpeét for Fears Afpeét for Plums Ditto for Cherries Azzeroli B. Barking of Trees, to make them bear Bark grafting in it ’ Barberries Blighted Trees, the Seafon of pruning themfi Blights, to prelerve Trees from them Blights, to prevent by horizontal Shelters Blights, to prevent by Marts Blights, to prevent by fmoaking of Orchards Blights, to prevent by ({rmhrella’ s 3 INDEX, \‘iéidju I38 134- I37 138' 137.‘ ibid. 134 1.376 134 137 138 I39 138 I31 130 :38 ilud. 130 149 IN‘DEX, Boards to prevent Blights ' C 18} Borders for Fruit-Trees, how to prepare them 2.09 Borders raifed high for Fruit-Trees I4 Borders for Fruits, the Depth of them ‘ 12, Borders, Fruit—Mixtures proper for them ‘ 214, Branches, irregular defcrib'd , 7-34 “Corrected ’ ‘ g 242'. Branches, luxuriant ’ 7.36 Branches, five Sorts on Fruit-Trees 233 ‘ Branches, Wood a 234 Branches, Wood,made to bear Fruit 259 Budding, the Seafon of it ' 4' Bullace, Stocks for the Bruxelles Abricot r 36 C. ‘ Aurions againl‘t planting Fruit-Trees in too rich a Sofl , r52 Caution to Gardeners concerning Fruit-Trees 157 Cherries, Stocks proper for them 37 Cherries, whence they firfi came :38 Cherry, May ibid. Cherry, May Duke ibid. Cherries, Harts (laid. Cherry, Carnation r40 Cherries, Dwarf r4r Cherry, Green 1:543. Cherry, Morello ‘ 14'0 Cherries, Reafons why Standards bear better than Dwarfs r47. \ Cherries, Stocks for them I4r Cherries, Standard ibid. Cherries, the way to force them by Tanner's Bark 306 Cherries, a proper Afpeét for them 3:9 Clay, bad for Peaches , 24 Clay, Rank, the Method of draning it 25 Cleft, grafting 53 Coverings, thatch‘d for Trees 286 Crabs, Apples grafted upon them 46 Currans, the feveral Sorts zoo Curran; .r \ 1 N?!) E X. Currans, to force them 292' .Cutting of Roots to make Trees bear , 274 ,, ‘D. Epth of Borders for Fruits 17. Depth of Soil requir'd for Fruit-Trees 154. e ws, to be {con taken off by the Sun of great Adan-I tage to Fruit 2.93 - Double budding, to make fome Peaches take 3; Draining, Grounds , 27. Drains, proper for wet Lands 2-4- Draining rank Clay \ 25 Draining Clays, the Expence ' 29 Dung not proper for Fruit-Trees 7 Dwarf Cherries _ 14): Dwarfs, which Plums are belt for them 108 Dwarf Trees, to make them bear a. 8 7 Dwarf Cherries, Reafons why they] will not bearfo well as flandard I z . E. 4 Arth layu Fallow 6 Earth poor, how to improve it 75 Errors, in planting FruibTrees 14 Ever Greens, the Time ofplauting them 64 Excellence of good Peaches 9 Expcnce of draining Clays 2,9 F. a Ig-Trees, the Method to raife them 165 Figs, to make them bear I67 Figs, the Dutch Way of Management 94 Figs, how to prune them :68 Figs, how to force them 304 Figs, to be forced 306 Forcing Walls for Fruit 30: Free Stocks for Winter Pears 38 Fruit. the feveral Afpefls proper for it I78 Fruit, Afpeas for it '29). Fruit Borders, Mixtures proper for they} .214 492?: the. 293th 9! @959?“ for it n X ‘1' Elm» I N11) nix, Fruit, Dews to be foon taken off by the Sun ofgreatAd- vantage to it ‘ 2,93 Fruit Garden on a Level, how to' be Watered 3'08 Fruit, how to preferve it 2.85 Fruit- Trees Borders, how to prepare them 2.03 Frhit- T tees, Borders raifed high for 1h 2n Fruit 'lrees, Qaution' ag'ainit planting them in too mg ’Soil Fruit- Trees, Caution to Gardiners concerning them 157 Fruit-Tree's, Dung nut proper for them FruitsTrees, the Depth of Soil requit 'd for them 154 Fririt-Trees, Errors committed in planting them “ \ Fruit-Trees, their Choice ' 5] Fruit- Trees, the Seafons of planting them , , 60 ruit- Trees, how to water them 21.5 Fr tin-Trees, five Sort of Branches on them 233 Fmit~Trees, good Bottom for them ' 9 Eruit- -Trees, mulfhing them , '14 ruit-Trees, planting them ‘ ' 5 Fruit—Trees, paving bad Bottoms I: Fruit—Trees, planting them ' , . . p ‘ 72. Fruit-Trees, pruning them - ‘74 Fruit-Trees, pruning them confidered aid Ruit- Trees, Reafons why they (hould be prun ’d 222' Fruit- Trees, a regular Courfe for pruning them '226 Fruit Trees, what Depth of So1l they require 5 Fr‘uit- Trees, the proper Difiance agai'rifi a Wall and the ‘ height thereof 32.0 Fruit-Stocks, Nurferies for them, . _ : 40 Fruits, Walls how to be built ‘ ' ' . 2.33 ;.1 - . ~ G. ' '- ‘ Arden- Kitchen, its Situation i ‘ I6 Gardens, precipitat Declinatiop of: had Confe- ‘ quence _ . ‘ 18 Garden- Kitchen, a plan of it ' _ ' I 3? Garden, Wood about them good ' I'f . 1.9 Géofloerries ~ ... ' ,; ‘, 1,99 Grafting Cleft 4" ' 1' _‘ " 53 Griffins: an extraordinary Way " 2 , 3 ~‘p . "‘2 _ ‘. . .,.‘T .. '. _ 4_ ‘ ) . .hf'J \,,’::Gra'fli%§ 1 INDE’lXi Grafting In the Bark , ._ ‘54; Grafting, by Approach " ‘ ' ' ‘ ”5‘5 Grafting, the Woreeflerihire Way 55 , Grafting, lnoculating prefer’d to it , . , a: 5,! Grafting, Side ' ‘ ' 13:55 Grafting, whip /. ' . . _’ “"54 Grape, Cluiier ' .'.\ , _ ‘ "1'61; Grape, Frontiniac ‘ ‘ . i , . '163 Grape, July ‘ ' x , ‘ 161 Grape, Jerufalern mufcat ' ' ‘ H X 164 Grape, Mufcadinc ' ’ ' 163 Grape, Parfley v 163 Grape, Sweetwater - ‘ \ .. _ .th .. ( m2. Gravell, good forVin'es ’ ‘ ‘ ' Am Grounds, the Method of draining A. 1 *" 12. Eading of Trees, to recover them ' 26; Horizontal Shelters, to prevent Blights . 283 I. _ ‘ ' Noculation, the Manner of performing it . 43 Inoculation, the Reafon for it 4.; Inoculating, preferr' d before grafting 5; Inoculating, the Time of the Day proper for It 52 Introduction ‘I Irregular, Branches defcrib'd . 234 Correé’ted ‘ ‘ ‘ 242. - K. Itchen-Garden, its Situation ‘ . ' '16 - Kitchen-Garden, ,a Plan of it i , 3: L. v ' Ands, wet the properlMethoO to drain them :4 Leaves yellow, in Trees remedied 2.7! Length of Roots, to be left at pruning__ Luxuriant Branches , 236. Luxuriant Trees, how to prune them 259 Luxuriant Trees, how to make them bear y ' 168 :Iguxgriance TEES: how. to comet it. 27; Luxuriance, pu" I Nr-D E X.“ 'Luxariance, in Trees to check it 273 l M“ Atts to prevent Blighrs 18z Medlar ‘189 Medlar, its kind :9: Mixtures for Fruithorders 214 Mulberry, its kind 192. , Mulberries railed from Seed I94 Mrullhing of Fruit Trees 74 N. ' Ailing Trees or fattening them to Walls the hell way _ 249 Nectarine, Brugnon 94 Nectarine, from whence 78 Nectarine, Eubrouge 92. Nectarine, violet Native 90 Nectarine, red Roman , 95 Nefiarines, Reafons why they {hould not be forced 305 Nipping or pinching the Seafon» 7.3: Nurfery of Fruit-Stocks I 49 O. Aken pegs drove into Trees to check their Luxu- riance :73 Orchards, {moaking of them to prevent Blights 281 P. Aradil'e Stocks for Apples p. 137 Paving, bad Bottomsfor Fruit-Trees u Peach, Anne 84 Peach Alberge, yellow 86 Peach, Admirable ‘ g3 Peach, Bourdin 7 Peach, Belle Chevreufe 90 Peaches, Clay bad for them 2.4 Peaches, a Collection of good 83 Peach, Catharine 97 Peaches, double Budding to make them take 35 . ' ‘ “ " ‘ ” ‘ Peach, I 7N {D ' E X. Peaches, the Excellence of good ‘ Peach, Minion 86 Peach, Montabon 88 Peach, Nutmeg . ’ ‘ 83 Peach, Noblefs 9! Peaches, from whence 78 Peach,Pafl'e violet 83 Peach, Pavie Pompone . 98 Peaches, on Almond Stocks 257 Peach, Royal George ‘ 35 Peach, Rumbullion ' 95 Peach, Ncwington on the Shining Mufcle Plum 34 Peaches, of one years planting how‘ to prune 239 Peaches, of two years planting how to prune them 247 Peaches, of three years planting how to prune them 245 Peaches, their Winter pruning ‘ 2.5 3 Peaches. Nutmeg, Troy George and all early Kinds. proper afpeét for them . . 318 Peaches, how tar afunder 320 Peach Wall, the height thereof 3).: Pears, Augult ' In. Pear, Amadot ‘ r37. Pears, proper afpeét for Winter ones 7 130 Pear, Boncretien Winter ‘ 12.9 Pear, Burgamot de Bugi 130 Pear, Colmar ' 129 Pear, Cadillac 13: Pear, Citron D’hyver 132. Pear, Carmelite ,132. Pear, December' 127 Pear, Double Blofl'om I37. Pear, Englilh Warden 13: Pears, Winter Free Stocks proper for them 38 Pear, Franc Real ' ‘ _ 1 N 137. Pear, Grand Fremont I32. Pear, Livre blanc I3t , Pears, November . In Pears, Qétobcr ' no ' Pear, 1 _-N D (E x Pear, Stocks proper for them Pears, upon Quince ' ‘ ’ Pears their Sorts in July Pears, on Quince Srocks Pear, Parkins on Warden Peat Pear, Paflonrelle Pears, September Pear, St. Martial Pears, Winter Stocks for them. Pear-{Poire de Reaville Pear, Portaile Pear, Rufiellet D‘hyver Pears, reQuiring good Al'peéts and thofe proper to} Pears, vyh‘a't Room they require Pears”, profper well in Coarfe Ground Peafe, for high Grounds Pegs; Oaken drove into Trees to check their Luxurn . "anoe . _ Philbeards ' Pi'nching or nipping the Seafon Plan of a Kitchen Garden Plan for watering of Gardens ' ‘ A Defcription of it Plant early in light Soils Plant late in Wet Soils - 7 1‘716 {'109‘, r 1:83 .1 I] . "tar; 3. 'jr’r‘fij 1'29" 139‘, . A. .132: “‘13:: 1137.. them. 1,._,319 ,7 ‘ 37.2. 333,11": 2t -.. .r. ’4‘ h. —» 273 i :98 "i3“ 1 'l. r 3“: r ' 3011 "q 308 :63. '64 Planting Fruit-Trees Errors generally committed 14. Planting Fruit-Trees the Seafon for it Planting of Fruit-Trees Planting of Fruit-Trees Planting Spring, Reafons for it by Mr. Reed Planting of Trees in Summer Plums, which of them are belt for Dwarfs Plum Mirabell Plum Maitre Claud Plums Stocks 'proper for them Plums their good Properties ‘Plpms the Sorts Plum la Royal Plum firming Mufcle. for Nearing“!!! Psashss 6o ' S ; 71 " ‘60' ‘663 108]: 103-? 'Iofsr- . 37‘s. ma..- Iofi l‘ 103 34. Plum, ‘ . "i .1”; . ' " . I ‘ N‘ D“ E ‘ )ée ‘ Plum, St. Catharine ' g ' ' ', tort Plums, of one Yearsplanting how" to prune them 239 Plums, of two Years'_planting how to prune them 247 Plums, of three Years planting how to prune them 245' Plums, their Winter pruning 253 Plums, what Afpeét they require - s _ .319 Plums, their Difiances A 2 31: Poor Earth how to improveeit . , ‘ , 75 Prnuing of blighted Trees the Seafon of it 22] To prune Figs ‘ ' . , 168 To prune luxuriant Trees ‘ 259 Pruning of Roots . ' ‘ 68 Pruning of Fruit-Trees _ V . 74. Pruning a regular Courfe for it 226 Pruning the Seafons of it" , ,V 225 To prune two Shoots mt'one Side of‘a Tree' ' ,24; Pruning Summer after two’Ycars planting ' 245 To prune Trees that have made only two Shoots I243 To prune Trees that are Weak _ ‘ {158 To prune Trees vigorous on one Side and decayed on the other ‘ ‘269 To prune Vines ' . ' : I70 Pruning Wax of ufe in it ' _' ' .24! Pruning Fruit-Trees confider'd .220 Pruner Preliminaries to beknown by a young one 233 (Primed, Reafons why Fruit-Trees ihbuld not be pruned 22.2 uinces Pears upon them], ' t ' W46 Quince Stocks Pears on them ‘ , 258 Quince to propagate it :189 Qumces the Sorts 190 Quince Stocks , _ y 39 R . Afberics 2.03 Roots to cutt them to make the Tree bear better 7-74 Rantsthe length to be left at pruning ' " ' Route, l I N: D‘ E * X; Roots the pruning of them - oots rot in wet Grounds Roots retrenched to make Trees bear Roots fplitting of them to make Trees hear S. SAP Superfluous retrenching it Seafons for budding Sea Sand it‘s ufe in Vineyards Seed Mulberries raifed from it Shelters to prevent Blights Side grafting Sloping Walls Soil the Depth required for Fruit-Trees Soil Penurious the Efi’efi ofit vSoils light plant early in them Soils wet plant late in them Soil prepar'd for Vines Soil it's‘ Depth required for Fruit-Trees Soil for Vines Soil Sign of a proper one for Vines Soil for Walnuts Soils, wet Tillage for Fruit in them Soils, Dry Tillage for Fruit in them Spring planting, Reafons for it by Mr. Reed 68 7-3 274 7-73 are no 60 Standard Cherries, Reafons why they bear better than Dwmfi Standard Cherries Stocks, proper for Abricots Stocks, proper for Cherries Stocks, Fruit, a Nurfery for them Stocks, proper for Plums Stocks, proper for Pears Stocks, Almond for Peaches Stocks, Quince, Pears on them Stocks, Quince Stocks to graft on, how to chufe them Stocks for Winter Pears Stocks for Cherries Strawberry, its kind r42 r41 36 37 4o :05 Strawberries, {N D E’X. Strawberries, to drefs them ' 105 Summer planting of Trees 66 T. Icketing of Trees, how to do it 176 Tillage for Fruit in wet Soils 210 Tillage for Fruit in dry Soils 2:0 Trees blighted, the Seafon of pruning them 227 Trees, the way to make them bear 274 Trees, the way to preferVe them from Blights 279 Trees, to make them beat 174- Trees, dwarf, to make them hear 7-78 Trees, heading them a way to recover them 267 Trees, luxuriant, how to prune them 259 Trees, luxuriant, how to make them bear 2.68 Trees, Luxuriance in them, how to correé’t it 17:. Trees, the belt way to fatten them to Walls 249 Trees, Pegs drove in them to check their Luxuriance z73 Trees, to make bear By retrenehing them 2.74 Trees, moved Earth and all , 72. Trees, weak, to firengthen them 267 Trees, to make bear by fplitting the Roots ' 273 Trees, taken up to make them bear 276 Trees, thatch‘dCoverings for them 286 Trees that have made only two Shoots, how to prune them :43 Trees, decayed, how to help them 2.56 Trees, how to prune thofe that are weak :58 Trees, vigorous on one fide and decaying on the other how to prune them 2.69 Trees, water them well in March 63 Trees, yellow Leaves in them remedied 2']! Trees, Fruit, Cautions againlt planting them in too rich Soil :52. Trees, Fruit, Cautions to Gardeners concerning them 157 Trees, Fruit, their Choice 57 Trees, Fruit, the Seal‘ons of planting them no Trees, Fruit, mullhing them 74 Trees, Fruit, planting them 5 . Trees, I—-N,,— D, E X. Trees, Fruit, paving bad bottoms ,, _ , 1 , 1,1 Trees, Fruit, planting them 3 _ 7z ‘ rees, Fruit, pruning them 74 Trees, Fruit, pruning them confider’d 120 U. '_ ' . ines a proper Al'pefl for them 149 Vines Gravel good for them 146 Vines Soil prepar'd tor them ‘ I48 _‘V_ines the Situation for them ' 29 Vines Soil tor them I44 Vines Situation for them 144 Vines Signs of a proper Soil for them Vines how to force them 30: Vines , , I43 Vines proper for GreatTBrittain I59 Vines to prune them 170 Vines how to drefs them 174 Vines‘ to‘Cur’c th‘eir ‘hle‘édlng I75 Vines the Time to force them , 395 ‘Vineyards Se‘a' Sand ufei‘ul for them ‘ I49 Umbrellas to prevent Blights 7.82. . W A Alls of forcing them for Fruit ' 301 W Walls the belt Way of fattening Trees to them 249 Vi’alls, Sloping , 7.95 Walls, for liu1t how to be built . 2.93 Walls, proper Difpofition for them 316‘ . Wall, proper height of it for Fruit-Trees 32.0 .Wall, for a Peach, the height thereof 32! \Vall, for 3 Hum, the height . __ ibid. W’allnuts, Soil for them i 197 ‘Wailnuts . 196 Watering of Gardens, a plan for it 307 Water, the Life and Soul of a Garden 31: Water how ufeful in the Diilolution of Salts 312. Water, to be brought two or three Miles 309 Water, ufeful for Vegetation 311- Watering INDEX. Watering a Garden, Direaions for it 313‘ Wax, of ufe in pruning 34!. Whip, grafting 54 Wood, Branches 2.34 Wood, falfc 235 Wood, about Gardens good 19 Wood Branches, made to bear Fmi; -259 BOOKS . .X "51 (I V! 1 300K S prmted mid/221d byl‘homasw ood ward l_ (_ ~ ,. .. -1, AH: ._-I.t .. . -, ‘u , u, H 51: the half 11/100” o'ver tggamfi: Siupunfianst tr Chara/7, in Fleet-Street. rn xiv-I i.“ General Treatife of 'Hufbandry aridGardening;~ { . i . V . . , . I containing fuch Obfenvatwns and Iexperiments,~ as are new and ufet'ult‘ot; the Improvement of Land ; with an Account of fuch extraordinary Inventions. and natu- ral Produétions, as may help the ingenious in their Stu— dies, and promote univerfal Learning. In three ‘Vol. with Variety of curious Cuts. By Ric/yard Bradley, Fel- low of the-Royal Society. The City Gardener; containing the molt experienced Method ot‘ cultivating and ordering Iuch Ever-Greens, Fruit-Trees, Flowering Shrubs, Flowers, exotick Plants, ' (9:. as will be ornamental, and thrive bei’t in the London ’ Gardens. By That)“: Paircbild Gardener of Hoxton, rzce I s. ,‘ t . , P Reports and pleading of Cafes in Aflize for Offices, Nufances, Lands and Tenements; [hurting the Manner of proceeding in ‘szes ofNovel Difleifin from the O~ riginal to thejudgtnent and Execution; as- well where the Deniandant and Tenant appear, as where either of them makes Default: Nothing of this being is ever be- fore publilhed 'with Obfervations on every Cafe, very neceffary for all Clarlts of Aflize, Attorneies, o‘c. To which are added Writs of Aflize,“c~7ra‘ " By f‘jolm Lilly, Gent. Author of the praétical Cdnveyancér; to which is added a prefatory l)ifcourfe‘;1hewing the Nature of this Action, and Reafous for putting it in Praétice. Modern Entries, being a Colleétion of feleét Pleadings in the Courts of King's Bench, Common Pleas and Ex- chequer, viz. Declarations, Pleas in Abatement and in Bar, Replications, Reioinders, c-rc. Demurrers, lfl‘ues, Verdié‘ts, Judgments, Forms of making up Records of Nifi Prim, and entringofJudgments, 0c. in molt Actions. As alfo fpecial Aflignments of Errors, and Writs and Proceedings there- upon, bothin the faid Courts and in Parliament, with the Method of Suing to or refervingOut-Lawries by Writ of of Error or otherwife; to which is added a Colleétion of Writs in molt Cafes now in Practice with two Tables, 0116 . a.» . “My“ BflOKS/Ijtflzfiédzfih3fifltiotmard. , nepf the Names of Cafes ; and the otherdf the Plead- }ngs and. .WI‘JIS- .. By john Lilly,Gent.- late Principal of Cllfl‘hrd's Inn. t 4 ‘ - . , . _ Cafes of Parliament refolved and adjudgbd‘upon Peti- tions and Writs of Error. By Sir Bartholomewrs‘ho‘wer, Kt. ‘ The Reports pf-Cafes- and fpecialArguments, argued and adjudged in the Court ‘of King‘s Bench beginning in Fafler Term the 30th of King Charles II. and ending the 3‘1 of King Same: the ad with many marginal Notes and References; with two compleat Tables, one of the Names of the Cafes, the other of the principal Contents. Vol. II. By Sir Bartholomew Shower Knight. Tables of all the Cafes, printed in the Books of Re~’ ports digelled under proper Heads. To which is added the Names ofall the Cafes in an alphabetical Order: ' The Reports and Entries of Sir Edward Lutwyehe Knight, Setjeant at Law and late one of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas. The feveral Cafes there- in are truly flared upon the refpec‘tive Pleadings and Entries , in Englifh. Alfo Citation in the Report is carefully examin’d by the Law Books to which they re- fer, and where they agree, and where they differ from the Point in Quei’tion made appear; and thofe ranged in that Order, as in many Places to form an Argument where there was none before; with large Obfervations; Likewife many obfolete 'Words and difficult Sentences are explain'd; which are printed in a different Chara- cter, compofed in a plain and eafy Method, and made very ufeful for Students and Praétifers of the Common 7 Law. By W. Nelfim of the Middle-Temple Ei‘q; Cafes Called”! (9' Report par Sir Fra. Moore Chevalier Ser- jeant del Ley. Imprimé 0' puhlié par l’Original jadir rc- \ mainant en [es mains: de Sir Gefrey Palmer Chevaller 0' Bar. Attorney-General a Son trey excellent Majefly‘ le Roy Charles " Iefecond. Lefecoml Edition. Ovefque (leux Tahlet, lime des Nof— me: desCafe: l'autre dc: principal Matier: eonteinusm yceaux The Reportspf Sir Crefwel Levinz. Knight, late one of the Judges in the Court of Common Pleas at I‘Veflminfler‘; in French and Englijh, containing Cafes heard and deter- min’din the Courtof King’s Bench, during the time that Sir Robert Feller, Sir, Robert Hyde and Sir john Keilyng were BOOKS primgfir T;Woodward. .Were chief Jui’tices there; as'alfo of certain Cafes in other Courts at Wsflminflor, during that time. Tranflated into Englrfl: by Mr. Serjeant Salkeild and others of the Middle- Temple. With two Tables; the one of the Names of the Cafes, and the other of the principal Matters contain'd therein in three Parts. The fecond Edition carefully corrected, with many thoufand References to the Re- ports never before printed. ‘ . ~ A Law Difiionary and Glofl'ary, interpreting fuch diflicult and obfcure Words and Terms, as are found either in our Common or Statute, Ancient or Modern Laws. With References to the feveral Statutes, Re— cords, Regifters, Charters, ancient Deeds, Manufcripts and Law Books, wherein the Words ‘and Terms are u- fed. By Thomas Blount, of the Inner-Temple, Efq; The third Edition , to which is added near three thoufandWords, colleéted from all the Laws of the Saxon Dani/b or Nar- man Kings: And from all the ancient Books of the com- mon Law, from the Monaflicon Anglicarmm, Du Frefm': ale/fury, Chronicon Saxom'mm, and the Volumes lately publilhed by Dr. Gale. Alfo an Explanation of all the ancient Names of the Inhabitans, Cities, Towns, Villa- ges and Rivers of Grurt Britain. Colleéted formerly by Mr. Camden and others, and necefl'ary for underfianding the Hifiory and Laws of this Realm. By W. Nelfim, of the Middle—Temple, Efq; Modern Reports, being a Continuation of feveral fpe- eial Cafes argued and adjudged in the Court of King’s Bench at Weflminfler, in the 6th, ‘7“, 81", 9th, roth and nth Years of the Reign of the late King William; and judg. ments thereupon, together with fpecial Pleadings to molt of the faid Cafes: None of them printed before. Collec- ted by the fame Hand as the former Parts. Vol. V. the fecond Edition carefully revifed, with Addition of fome thoufands of Notes, mOdern Cafes, arguéd and adjudg'd in the Court of Queen's Bench at Wcfiminfler, in the ad and 3d Years of Queen Anne. in the Time when Sit 3017:; Holt {at Chief Juflice there. With two Tables, the firtt of the Names of the Cafes. and the other of the fpecial Matters therein contained. By a careful Hand. The fecond Edition revis‘d and correéted, and many thoufand new and proper References added by W. B. 13qu C.BEHKELEY LIBRARIES : * Illllll llll llll IN CDBH‘IHDEBE’ ‘.(9,;atar1.‘.nv._ . v _ . . . n..ir..lv .13 . . .\ ,e. . . . , CIA .» 1 :3, 1:13;; . , . n < ... . H u» -J—:\¢ .. x _ H x. . ‘ . . n . ._ _.. \ . _ m . . - ~ ._ \ .:, : . T s .., ‘nmnlny?ir\{\ .\\\.\ \\c\\\mfl wraix \ ; A.» t ‘ x\ I \F x ‘t H a K I. I \ V I Illl‘Il‘ltll 'IIIVII; \ '1 ‘44thtuiv.ll.‘u‘vull IIIII 1 x . _ .c‘ . a: xa. .«.\r¥vb.‘lwb yry:,_{s(.;» .. y . ‘ ._ ‘ .. a $24.; an