PUBLIC HEALTH LIBRARY.) '' '' '''''' ''Check the type of employer for whom you now think you would like to be working at the four times listed: yr. yrs. ys. yrs. What type of position do you wish to have at the following four times: yr. 47 48 trator 49 n OL n Did you work for pay at any time since you entered this school to study nursing? YesO No O ) If yes, approximately what were your TOTAL earnings? $100 or less Oo 52__ $101 to $500 oO $501 to $1,000 O over $1,000 | 53__ What kind of work did you do? 4 By whom were you employed? 55__ Did you receive a scholarship to help pay for your nursing education? Yes (1 No Oo Was this scholarship from the Government (Federal, State, or Local Government)? Yes O No O a Give approximate TOTAL amount of Less than $1,000 O $2,501 to $3,000 O 7 all scholarship assistance: $1,001 to $1,500 O $3,001 to $3,500 O $1,501 to $2,000 OD $3,501 to $4,000 O $2,001 to $2,500 O over $4,000 oO Did you borrow any money to help pay expenses resulting from attending the school of nursing? Yes 0 No O Was this money borrowed under the provisions of the Federal Nurse Training Act? Yes O NO 58 Give approximate TOTAL amount of Less than $1,000 O $2,501 to $3,000 0 59 all loan assistance: $1,001 to $1,500 O $3,001 to $3,500 D $1,501 to $2,000 O $3,501 to $4,000 O $2,001 to $2,500 O over $4,000 o NLN/BLT DENTA - 15 130 ''Q2 Questionnaire for Baccalaureate Graduates NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR NURSING Research ond Studies Service CAREER-PATTERN STUDY Name: Single Mar. Widow. Div. Sep. (Please Print) Qa oO oO oO a (Please check one) Permanent Address: Number of Children: (City) (State) Social Security Number: Name and address of person who would forward Name: mail if you move during the next year: (Please Print) Street: City: State: If married, husband's (wife's) occupation: Husband's (wife's) employer: Highest number of years of school husband (wife) completed (circle appropriate number): under 8, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, over 16 Do you plan to continue to do nursing work while married? Do you now plan to seek further educational preparation in nursing after graduation from this program? a. If yes, where would you like to go for this preparation? b. If yes, how do you expect to pay for Scholarship or fellowship a this further preparation (check only one)? From personal or family savings 0 By rroney earned working as a nurse 0 Scholarship and savings Oo Savings and earnings Oo Scholarship and earnings ia) Scholarship, sovings, and earnings O None of the above Check the clinical field in which you now think you would like to work at the four times listed: yr. yrs. yrs. 129 2601 12. 14 16 7 39 40 4) 42 ''Check the type of employer for whom you now think you would like to be working at the four times listed: yr. yrs. yrs. yrs. What type of position do you wish to have at the following four times: yr. Did you work for pay at any time since you entered this school to study nursing? Yes O NO If yes, approximately what were your TOTAL earnings? $100 or less a $101 to $500 Oo $501 to $1,000 O over $1,000 oO What kind of work did you do? By whom were you employed? Did you receive a scholarship to help pay for your nursing education? Yes 1 No Oo Was this scholarship from the Government (Federal, State, or Local Government)? Yes O No QO Give approximate TOTAL amount of all scholarship assistance: Less than $500 O $501 to $1,000 O $1,001 to $1,500 0 $1,501 to $2,000 0 over $2,000 Oo Did you borrow any money to help pay expenses resulting from attending the school of nursing? Yes No O Was this money borrowed under the provisions of the Federal Nurse Training Act? YesO No O Give approximate TOTAL amount of all loan assistance: Less than $500 O $501 to $1,000 O $1,000 to $1,500 0 $1,501 to $2,000 0 over $2,000 Oo NLN/BLT DENTA - 15 128 2601 BaLs 11 47 48 | s | 52 £8 55 57 58 59 ''Q2 Questionnaire for Associate Degree and Diploma Graduates 2601 S__ 6 Pn. 8 a 10 n_ NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR NURSING Research and Studies Service 12 13 CAREER-PATTERN STUDY 14 Name: Single Mar. Widow. Div. Sep. Ws (Please Print) Oo a] Oo Oo Oo (Please check one) Permanent Address: Number of Children: 16 7 (City) (State) Social Security Number: Name and address of person who would forward Name: mail if you move during the next year: (Please Print) Street: City: State: If married, husband's (wife's) occupation: 18 19 Husband's (wife's) employer: 20 21 Highest number of years of school husband (wife) completed (circle appropriate number): —_ under 8, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, over 16 22 23 Do you plan to continue to do nursing work while married? 24 25 . a 5 ; 7 26 Do you now plan to seek further educational preparation in nursing after graduation from this program? a 28 a. If yes, where would you like 997 to go for this preparation? 3077 31 32 b. If yes, how do you expect to pay for Scholarship or fellowship {a} this further preparation (check only one)? From personal or family savings 0 33_ By money earned working as a nurse 0 Schalanhip and savings Oo 34 Savings and earnings Oo Scholarship and earnings Oo Scholarship, savings, and earnings 0 None of the above Oo 35 Check the clinical field in which you now think you would like to work at the four times listed: 36 37 yr. yrs. yis. . 38 39 40 41 42 127 ''Part II: Have you enrolled in_any other nursing program since leaving the program indicated in Part 1? Yes ODO No 33- If yes, what type of nursing program? q Practical or vocational | Associate degree or community college 34- O Hospital diploma oO Baccalaureate or college What is your present status regarding the above program? Oo Have graduated oO Am still enrolled 35- (1) withdrew oO Other (specify) Have you attended any other educational program since leaving the nursing program? Yes Oo No 36- If yes, what was your major subject of study or training? 37- 38- are you employed at the present time? Yes oO No O 39- If yes, what type of work are you doing? Check the ‘one that best describes your work: 40- 1. Registered professional nurse 2. Licensed practical or vocational nurse 3. Nursing aide, orderly, nursing assistant, psychiatric aide, or- similar position 4. Technical or professfonal work in or related to the health field, i.e., hospital laboratory technician, sanitarian, X-ray technician, physical therapy, occupational therapy, dental hygiene Clerical or accounting type of work in a hospital, nursing home, clinic or doctor's office, infirmary or health service 6. Teacher in a public or private school, college, or university 7. Social welfare type of work not for a hospital, nursing home, or w clinic _ 8. Some other type of employment (Please specify) If you have not already done so, would you like to return to nursing school? 4l- Yes O No CO Tf yes, what is the one main reason you have not yet returned to nursing school? Scholastic requirements Financial requirements Marriage and home re7ponsibilities 42- Health reasons Form Approved 1d bi roe bseo537- HBodod Cther (Snecify) _ 126 ''Withdrawal Questionnaire: All Samples 2603 NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR NURSING RESEARCH AND STUDIES SERVICE Ident. No. NURSE CAREER-PATTERN STUDY Name: Female [_] Male [_] IS- (Please Print) Single Married Widow Div. Sep. 16- Address: C4 fa CO O 4 No. of Children: 17- Part I: When you left the nursing program, in what year of the program were you enrolled? nl mare “" + et 18- Did you work for pay at any time when you were enrolled in school to study nursing? Yes (] No [] 19- If yes, approximately what were your total earnings? $100 or less ____ 20- 101 to 500 __ 501 to 1,000___ over 1,000 _ 21- What kind of work did you do? 22- By whom were you employed? 23- Did you receive a scholarship to help pay for your nursing education? Yes O) No O 24- If yes, approximately what was the total amount of scholarship help? $100 or less 25- 101 to 500 __ 501 to 1,000___ over 1,000 Did you borrow any money to_help pay expenses resulting from attending the school of nursing? Yes imal No [] 26- If yes, approximately what was the total amount of the loan(s)? Federal Nurse Training act Other $100 or less $100 or less 27- 101 to 500 __ and/or 101 to 500 __ 28- 501 to 1,000__ 501 to 1,000__ over 1,000 _ over 1,000 _ What was the one main reason fer your leaving the nursing program? (Check only one) Scholastic failure Family or personal problems No longer interested in Financially unable to continue 29- nursing as a career To enter another nursing program 309 Considered by faculty tq be Poor health unsuited for nursing Other. Marriage Pregnancy 3l- 32- ''''Appendix D QUESTIONNAIRES USED FOR GRADUATES AND WITHDRAWALS wU.S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1976 O—213-039 123 ''''sNjoys yyOaH uaipjiy> so aby paau SNyD4s d1WOU0rJ joy A an » 4 supjd [@A9] D1jsD;OYDs pom fo : S JOuosiaq uIDjyulnW Of AIG Ajiqo}ioAy meee ee i 4 : SNV1d YaguVv> ONISUNN NI TOOHDS ONISUNN LNIWAOIdWd jepow Apnysg weyeg-199018D asINN— 1-9 anbiy uoiBiyjay SNYDIS [OJDW; jooyurs Bursinu 101g dnoi6 duu punoi6y30q Ajiwo4 p10da1 jooyss ybipy asinu Dd 3q O} 311S9q 121 '' ''Appendix C HYPOTHETICAL MODEL OF GRADUATION/ WITHDRAWAL FROM RN PROGRAMS AND LABOR FORCE BEHAVIOR OF RNs AFTER GRADUATION BASED ON STUDY FINDINGS 119 ''Table B-1.—Response to questionnaire at graduation, by program and year of entrance Associate degree Questionnaires 1962 1965 1967 Total (Q 2) No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. Returned ____________ 1,287 963 3,163 963 3,421 90.7 7,871 93.8 Not returned ________ 49 3.7 122 3.7 351 9.3 522 6.2 Total sent _______- 1,336 100.0 3,285 100.0 3,772 100.0 8,393 100.0 Diploma Returned ____________ 3,621 98.2 3,852 96.8 2,962 95.1 10,4385 968 Not returned ________ 68 1.8 126 3.2 151 4.9 345 3:2 Total sent ________ 3,689 100.0 3,978 100.0 3,113 100.0 10,780 100.0 Baccalaureate Returned ___________- 1,800 96.4 2,374 909 2422 893 6,596 91.7 Not returned ________ 68 3.6 238 9.41 290 10.7 596 8.3 Total sent _______- 1,868 100.0 2,612 100.0 2,712 100.0 7.192 100.0 Table B-2.—Response to questionnaire by those who withdrew, by program, and year of entrance Associate degree 1962 1965 1967 Total Questionnaires No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pet. No. Pct. Returned ____________ 647 683 1,702 76.0 1,609 709 3,958 72.5 Not returned ____-__- 300 331.7 540 24.0 661 29.1 1,501 27.5 Total sent ________ 947 100.0 2,242 100.0 2,270 100.0 5,459 100.0 Diploma Returned ____________ 1,424 806 1,387 79.7 909 77.0 3,720 79.4 Not returned ____-__- 343 19.4 354 20.3 271 23.0 968 20.6 Total sent -_--_---- 1,767 100.0 1,741 100.0 1,180 100.0 4,688 100.0 Baccalaureate Returned ____________ 1,360 74.2 1,337 548 1,249 64.1 3,946 63.5 Not returned ________ 472 258 1,102 45.2 698 359 2,272 36.5 Total sent ________ 1,832 100.0 2,439 100.0 1,947 100.0 6,218 100.0 118 ''Appendix B RATE OF RETURN OF QUESTIONNAIRES 117 ''Table A-18.—Graduated/withdrew, by family income at entrance and type of program: 1967 group ' Family income at entrance Below $5,000- — $10,000- $15,000 $5,000 $9,999 $14,999 and over Total Status No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pet. Associate degree Graduated __-------_- 571 55.3 1,609 63.9 952 65.7 344 63.6 3,476 62.8 Withdrew ________-__- 461 44.7 908 36.1 496 343 197 364 2,062 37.2 Total _-__----____-- 1,032 100.0 2,517 100.0 1,448 100.0 541 100.0 5,538 100.0 Diploma Graduated _________- 500 72.7 1,422 74.1 676 70.3 235 68.5 2,833 72.4 Withdrew .....-.-.... 188 27.3 497 259 285 29.7 108 31.5 1,078 27.6 TO6tal secsceeeeer ee 688 100.0 1,919 100.0 961 100.0 343 100.0 3,911 100.0 Baccalaureate Graduated scescexces 291 47.9 879 58.2 809 61.8 480 60.7 2,459 58.3 Withdrew __---------- 317 52.1 631 41.8 501 38.2 311 393 1,760 41.7 Total _--_-__----__- 608 100.0 1,510 100.0 1,310 100.0 791 100.0 4,219 100.0 ’ Excludes ambiguous and no response to income. 116 ''Table A-17.—Graduated/withdrew, by family income at entrance and type of program: 1965 group ' Family income at entrance Below $5,000- $10,000- $15,000 $5,000 $9,999 $14,999 and over Total Status No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pet. Associate degree Graduated __________ 658 56.1 1,481 62.1 636 599 244 58.13,019 599 Withdrew ____________ §15 43.9 903 37.9 ,426 40.1 176 41.9 2,020 40.1 Total _-____________ 1,173 100.0 2,384 100.0 1,062 100.0 420 100.0 5,039 100.0 Diploma Graduated __________ 777 ~67.0 1,922 70.7 722 70.8 177 65.1 3,598 69.6 Withdrew ____________ 382 33.0 795 293 298 29.2 95 349 1,570 30.4 Total ______________ 1,159 100.0 2,717 100.0 1,020 100.0 272 100.0 5,168 100.0 Baccalaureate Graduated __________ 314 46.7 997 52.1 701 549 361 53.6 2,373 523 Withdrew ____________ 358 53.3 915 479 577 45.1 313 46.4 2,163 47.7 Total _---__________ 672 100.0 1,912 100.0 1,278 100.0 674 100.0 4,536 100.0 ‘ Excludes ambiguous and no response to income. 115 ''Table A-16.—Graduated/withdrew, by family income at entrance and type of program: 1962 group ' Family income at entrance Below $5,000- $10,000- $15,000 $5,000 $9,999 $14,999 and over Total Status No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. Associate degree Graduated ____------ 348 58.1 618 60.7 208 565 73 598 1,247 59.2 Withdrew ___--------- 251 41.9 400 393 160 435 49 40.2 860 408 Total _-._---------- 599 100.0 1,018 100.0 368 100.0 122 100.0 2,107 100.0 Diploma Graduated ____------ 1,028 65.6 1,684 70.6 522 66.7 148 65.2 3,382 68.1 Withdrew __-_-------- 540 344 702 29.4 261 33.3 79 34.8 1,582 31.9 Total _.___--_------ 1,568 100.0 2,386 100.0 783 100.0 227 100.0 4,964 100.0 Baccalaureate Graduated ___------- 329 493 701 49.3 423 529 189 53.4 1,642 50.6 Withdrew ____-------- 338 50.7 721 50.7 377 47.1 165 466 1,601 49.4 TOTAL eieteerernsce-ccccasmsers 667 100.0 1,422 100.0 800 100.0 354 100.0 3,243 100.0 1 Excludes ambiguous and no response to income. 114 ''“eyenpes6 joouss yBiy ‘jooyos yBiy ewos ‘ssaj 40 lOoyds sewWeIG are SWJON /eUONEN 40) sauobajey ¢ “epes6 189) Aq suuON jeUOHeN “supiNo) Aq Buipuejs s1Wepeoe looyss yBiy pezuoBayeo Apmg weyeg-s897e5 esiny z “esuodseiuou pue Seuobeyeogns ajqesedwoouou jo uolsnjoxe 0} anp juaoied 00} fenbe jou op sebejueoied jy eyep payybiemun , ‘S2-12 dd -O'G ‘uojBuiysem ‘uoneONp| UO j1OUNDD UBOVEWY ‘2961 ‘2 ON 'Z ‘1OA ‘SUOday YoJeeseY “3'9'y ‘2961 W124 ‘ueWYysel4 eBa}0g Buye}Uy 40) swu0N feuoNeN :201N0S L872 8°82 Ob 6 bt vr bye 6 LE est 4@AO pue 9} 6b V6L Z9L yOL ele OLL Z8L ea Sik ‘ph ‘EL b'82 s82 8'ce 9'SE 882 0'62 le PEE Worn nnn enn sewn snr n nanan ane nn nnn nanan nn ck VLE BLE OSL “L2Zh SSL LOL eer QS SSE REESE Sarre an eae LL ‘OL ‘6 eb vor gel SOL Z6L cé6L 88 rR Re OE SESS Jepun 40 g “p Suea( ul UONeONpa sueyey ‘yod Yq Yq Pd Pd Wd Wd Pd a|qeue, Iv Z96L Iv 2961 Iv 2961 @6a)|00 @6e1/00 Jeak-p Jeak-Z eyeaunejeooeg ewojdiq eeiBap ayeioossy SUWJON JeUOHeEN Penuyju0d—psuiquios sajdwies Apnjs useyeg-1991e5 OSINN {Je pue ‘2961 1184 ‘syuedioiied Apnjis UJOHEq-198I2D BSiNN JO ,SebejusoIed pue ‘296) [124 ‘UBWOM UBWYS2j 10} SULION JBUONEN payybiam ‘sajqeen pajyoajas 4104—"s}-y ajqeL 113 '' 9EL 691 vs 62 eZ 06 ost CB 4JOAO pue 000'SIS €'Sz2 182 6 Lt vee 8°02 Ove 6st CO 666'71$-000'01$ 9°0S oSp G19 209 629 88S 6SE CE 666'6$ MOjag sewoou! Ajimey peyewijsy ot vL Z0 ZO 72 Sc gs Ge SUON ce 02 80 Z0 Ve 92 Ly Li ==sshsnsSSSsss SSeS ese usimer VLE Lye Ov cev ble sce See PEG WITT TTT tenn rn nn nnnnn nnn eee eee oyouyeD UBWOY v9 o1g GZs Lvs 2cg €09 SLs 6p rrr ayouyeg ueWwOY Buipnjoxe uensuyD reouaiajaud snoibyay th vl OL v0 og oe LY BO 4J8uNIO vs 99 62 ce RL 69 zg BE yoeig €€6 616 0°96 296 9°06 9°06 0'68 SLB rn nnn SUM :dnos6 o1uujyg ZL vl 66 90 p9l VLL Or 7 i) ae (a ‘o‘+0) sey Wwoyog 868 8°68 9°98 098 8'SZ osZ ess CO (-9 ‘a ‘+9 ‘-v ‘v) yey doy :z Buipuejs olwapeoe joouss UuBIy vol 921 8 76 60+ 99Pb Gh Sy J@AO pue OZ y'98 Svs 9°88 c2l8 y9S 60S S86 PQ nnn nnn Jepun puke 6} roby ‘yod Od Yd Od Yd Od Od Pd a\qeuen Iv 2961 IW 2961 IW 2961 @6e)100 e6a|00 seak-p seak-g ayeaunejeooeg ewojdiq eaiBep eyeoossy SWJON JeUOeN peuiquiod sajdwes Apnig wayeg-1901e85 asunN [je pue ‘2961 W1e4 ‘syuedioied Apnis WeYeg-190185 ASINN JO , SaBeyUsoIed pue ‘796} [124 ‘USWOM UBWYSed 10) SULION JEUOIIEN payyHjem ‘sajqeseA pa}oe|as 104—"S}-y a1qeL 112 ''Table A-11.—Previous attendance at other nursing school by Nurse Career-Pattern Study participants, by type of Nurse Career-Pattern Study program: all years combined Associate degree Diploma Baccalaureate Previous nursing school No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. Previously attended ______-- 2,352 17.0 638 41 368 27 No previous school __-___-- 11,500 83.0 14,830 95.9 13,042 97.3 Total _----_-----_---_-__- 13,852 100.0 15,468 100.0 13,410 100.0 Table A-12.—Comparative location of high school and nursing school, by type of program: all years combined Location of high school and Associate degree Diploma Baccalaureate nursing school No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. Same State =.22-----2css= 10,872 78.5 12,868 83.2 10,334 7A Different State ____________ 2,470 17.8 2,472 16.0 2,915 21.7 Other or no response ______ 510 3.7 128 0.8 161 1.2 Total _--------__---______ 13,852 100.0 15,468 100.0 13,410 100.0 Table A-13.—Geographical region of nursing school which Nurse Career-Pattern Study participants were attending, by type of program: all years combined ' Associate degree Diploma Baccalaureate NLN region No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. Region | North East! 22... sees 3,681 26.6 5826 37.7 2,797 20.9 Region I! MidW6St 2a...0022o2o os 2,495 18.0 5,555 359 3,087 23.0 Region Ill South _-_-----_----------- 2,759 19.9 3,187 206 4,297 32.0 Region IV West __------------------ 4,917 35.5 900 5.8 3,229 241 Total ____---_-_------------------- 13,852 100.0 15,468 100.0 13,410 100.0 ’ For designation of regions, see table 8. Table A-14.—Principal source of financial support of nursing school attended by Nurse Career-Pattern Study participants, by type of program: all years combined Associate degree Diploma Baccalaureate Financial support No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. Public __-__-----------_-___ 11,861 85.6 1,812 11.7 9,011 67.2 Private ________-____-___ 1,991 14.4 13,656 88.3 4,399 32.8 Total _-____-__--------____ 13,852 100.0 15,468 100.0 13,410 100.0 111 ''Table A-8.—Years of education of fathers of Nurse Career-Pattern Study participants, by type of program: all years combined Associate degree Diploma Baccalaureate Father's education in years No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. Band under =-====--s2-s== 2,735 19.7 2,873 18.6 1,511 11.3 9,10, 11 ------------------ 2,152 15.5 2,879 18.6 1,482 11.1 12 _____-__-- ee +--+ +--+. 3,993 28.8 5,071 32.8 3,763 28.1 13, 14,15 __-------------- 2,397 17.3 2,577 16.7 2,586 19.3 16 ANd OVO seewecceeee 1,994 14.4 1,794 11.6 3,772 28.1 No response ____---------- 581 4.2 274 1.8 296 2:2 Total _------------------- 13,852 100.0 15,468 100.0 13,410 100.0 Table A-9.—Social index classification of fathers of Nurse Career-Pattem Study participants, by type of program: all years combined ' Associate degree Diploma Baccalaureate Father's social index No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. ONG! secccemeeeeemeeewecses: 612 4.4 529 3.4 1,357 10.1 Two ___------------------- 1,471 10.6 1,472 9.5 2,635 19.6 Three _____-_______-----__- 2,169 15.7 3,220 20.8 2,846 21.2 Four _-.--_______-____ 4,908 35.4 6,498 42.0 3,981 29.7 Five ______----_----------- 1,307 9.4 1,713 11.1 808 6.0 Undetermined and no FOSDONSS: accrreeere 3,385 24.4 2,036 13:2 1,783 13.3 i £2) ¢: | | 13,852 100.0 15,468 100.0 13,410 100.0 1 For derivation of social index, see text, page 9. Table A-10.—High School academic standing of Nurse Career-Pattem Study participants, by type of program: all years combined Associate degree Diploma Baccalaureate High school standing No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. TOD TOU neccee ee ene secs 4,901 35.4 7,467 48.3 8,367 62.4 Second fourth __---------- 5,592 40.4 5,922 38.3 3,672 27.4 Third fourth _..------------- 2,032 14.7 1,422 9.2 836 6.2 Bottom fourth __------------ 237 1.7 106 0.7 118 0.9 No response ___----------- 1,090 7.9 551 3.6 417 3.1 Total _------------------- 13,852 100.0 15,468 100.0 13,410 100.0 110 ''Table A-5.—Religious preference of Nurse Career-Pattern Study participants, by type of program: all years combined Associate degree Diploma Baccalaureate Religious preference No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. Roman Catholic ____________ 4,305 31.1 6,209 40.1 4,211 31.4 Christian not Roman Catholic 8,611 62.2 8,896 57.5 8,630 64.4 Jew __-------------------- 429 3.1 129 0.8 289 2.2 Other religions __-_-_______ 49 0.4 42 0.3 30 0.2 No religion ___------------- 271 2.0. 92 0.7 160 1.2 No response _------------- 187 1.3 100 0.6 90 0.6 Total _.------_-_--_________ 13,852 100.0 15,468 100.0 13,410 100.0 Table A-6.—Family income of Nurse Career-Pattern Study participants at time of entrance to nursing school, by type of program: all years combined 1 Associate degree Diploma Baccalaureate Reported income No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. Below'$5,000 .---<2--2--2—. 2,804 20.2 3,415 22.1 1,947 14.5 $5,000-$9,999 ____________ 5,920 42.7 7,022 45.4 4,844 36.1 $10,000-$14,999 __________ 2,878 20.8 2,764 17.9 3,390 25.3 $15,000 and over ____--____ 1,083 7.8 842 5.4 1,819 13.6 Ambiguous or no response __ 1,167 8.4 1,425 9.2 1,410 10.5 Total _------------_______ 13,852 100.0 15,468 100.0 13,410 100.0 ' Data gathered 1962, 1965, 1967. Table A-7.—Occupations of fathers of Nurse Career-Pattem Study participants, by type of program: all years combined Associate degree Diploma Baccalaureate Father's occupation No. Pct. No. Pet: No. Pct. Physician _-_------_______-__-_______ 165 1.2 149 1.2 461 3.4 Medically oriented professional and nonprofessional ___--_-___________ 309 2.2 293 1.9 413 3.1 Service including clergy _____.________ 786 §.7 777 5.0 1,068 8.0 Professional or semi-professional! __.. 1,557 11.2 1,580 102 2,536 189 Sales or clerical ____-_-_____________ 2,837 20.5 3,597 23.2 3,074 229 Farmer or outdoor __________________ 1,125 8.1 1,340 8.6 991 7.4 Military officer or enlisted ____________ 237 1.7 255 1.6 433 3.2 Skilled worker __--------____________ 3,108 224 3,987 258 2,326 17.3 Semiskilled and unskilled ____________ 1,454 105 2,027 13.1 930 6.9 Not working or not identified _._.______ 800 5.8 548 3.5 376 2.8 No response _______-____--_---__-___ 1,474 10.6 915 5.9 802 6.0 TO): seems eeeceeeeeeeceseeee 13,852 100.0 15,468 100.0 13,410 100.0 ‘ Includes owner of large business and executive. 109 ''Table A-1.—Sex of Nurse Career-Pattern Study participants, by type of program: all years combined Associate degree Diploma Baccalaureate Sex No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. Femalé: ses-cecsencecencnce 13,274 95.8 15,268 98.7 13,311 99.3 Mal! << sa22oneee eee ee 578 4.2 200 1.3 99 0.7 Total _.__---------------- 13,852 100.0 15,468 100.0 13,410 100.0 Table A-2.—Marital status of Nurse Career-Pattern Study participants at time of entrance to nursing school, by type of program: all years combined Associate degree Diploma Baccalaureate Marital status at entrance No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. Single 2--ssss---<-s umouyun pue snoibyey s0 9€ v0 le 90 09 s0 Zs 9 c8y os Orpen pawsew Aewso4 82 9er'L Zt Ozt srk ep‘ sl Z6L I'Se 992'2 622 bp Sn pewey 692 2Z0'S 026 626'9 evs 962'8 0°26 BSr'Ok 62S SSS‘p 6S9 ZEGG nnn e6uls ‘Pd ‘ON Pd ‘ON Pd “ON Wd “ON Yd “ON Pd ‘ON SN}E}S |EWeYWY uonenpes6 yw eoueUa Ty uonenpesb yw eoueUa IY uonenpes6 yy B0URIUB IY ayeoinejenoeg ewojdig aeiBap ayeioossy , wesBoud yo adAy Aq ‘uonenpes6 jo au) ye pue BdueJjUAa 4O ey ye Sa}eENpelH yo SNjeys jeEWeW— Sp B1qe1 “@NJEUUONSEND /EMEIPYJIM POUIN}A! 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Whereas most participants had been single at entrance, about half were married by the time they responded to the withdrawal questionnaire. At entrance to nursing school, 78.2 percent of the associate degree and over 96 percent of the diploma and baccalau- reate had been single: at the later interval, 48.4 percent of the associate degree, 46 percent of the diploma, and 46.7 percent of the baccalaureate respondents remained single. Simply as a point of contrast, similar data regarding graduates and their marital status are presented in table 45. Data in this table are derived from the questionnaire completed at entrance :to nurs- ing school and the questionnaire completed shortly before gradua- tion. Among entrants who finished the program, 65.9 percent of the associate degree and 97 percent of the diploma and baccalaureate had been single at entrance to nursing school. By the time of graduation, 57.9 percent of the associate degree, 84.3 percent of the diploma, and 76.9 percent of the baccalaureate remained single. Although the proportion of nursing students who were married by the time they graduated was considerably smaller than the propor- tion of withdrawals who were married, data do indicate that a substantial group of nursing students married while students and remained in school to complete the nursing program. More than half of those who had withdrawn from nursing school were employed full time and/or part time when they responded to the withdrawal questionnaire (table 46). Their occupations are described in table 47. For the most part, they were doing office or sales work: 48.2 percent of the associate degree, about half of the diploma, and 42.5 percent of the baccalaureate. Another 14.2 per- cent of the baccalaureate withdrawals had become school teachers. But, once again, it is apparent that even after withdrawing from nursing school and seeking employment, a good proportion of the total group maintained an interest in the health field. The first six categories of table 47 indicate those employed in nursing or some other aspect of the health care field: 48.7 percent of the associate degree, 47.3 percent of the diploma, and 39.4 percent of the bacca- laureate. Before “registered nurse” was coded as an occupation, the questionnaire had to contain evidence that the respondent had been graduated from a registered nurse program. If participants said they were working as nurses or as registered nurses and there was no evidence of graduation from a nursing program, then the 89 ''Table 42.—Enrolled in other educational program since leaving nursing school, by type of nursing program: all years combined Associate degree Diploma Baccalaureate Other educational program No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. Enrolled _----------------- 1,505 38.0 1,230 33.1 2,402 60.9 Did not enroll 22.2.2 2,213 55.9 2,233 60.0 1,304 33.0 Ambiguous or no response __ 240 6.1 257 6.9 240 6.1 Total _-_----------------- 3,958 100.0 3,720 100.0 3,946 100.0 Table 43.—Major field of interest in other educational program, by type of nursing program: all years combined Associate degree Diploma Baccalaureate Major No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. Prenursing __---------------------- 44 2.9 31 2.5 34 1.4 Health related Old an 224 14.9 221 18.0 302) = 12.6 EGUCatiOn a aap eer eee 242 ~=«16.1 184 15.0 6385 264 Social sciences ___--_-------------- 184 12.2 98 8.0 482 20.1 Physical or biological sciences ___----- 77 Sl 51 41 131 5.5 Business ___----------------------- 279 18.5 343. 27.9 26711. Liberal arts _______----_------------ 372 24.7 214. 17.4 491 204 OUCr G68 eee eres 69 4.6 73 5.9 48 2.0 Ambiguous or no response ____----__ 14 0.9 15 1.2 12 0.5 Total! __._.-_----------------- 1,505 100.0 1,230 100.0 2,402 100.0 1 Includes only those enrolled in other educational program since leaving nursing school. associate degree group were liberal arts, 24.7 percent, or business, 18.5 percent; by the diploma, business, 27.9 percent or health- related field, 18.0 percent; and by the baccalaureate, education, 26.4 percent, and social sciences or liberal arts, both of which amounted to about a fifth (table 43). A small proportion from each group did not give a major, but said they were taking courses to prepare them for reentry into nursing school; these ranged to slightly over 1 percent of the baccalaureate to about 3 percent of the associate degree. Sustained interest in the health field is reflected in ranges of 12.6 percent of the baccalaureate to 18.0 percent of the diploma students who were studying in such areas as medical technology, speech, hearing, physical or occupational therapy; dietetics, medical library studies, or dental hygiene. Marital and Occupational Status A good proportion of participants gave marriage as their primary reason for withdrawal from nursing school (table 24, chapter V). No doubt, many of the former nursing students also had married since 88 ''rately, and ranged from 8.0 percent to 9.5 percent for baccalaureate and associate degree participants respectively. Only small propor- tions, from 4.2 percent of the diploma to 11.0 percent of the associate degree, thought scholastic requirements were inhibiting them from returning to nursing school. The approximately 4 percent in each group who gave reasons categorized as “personal” were those who wrote in statements concerning their ages, or that they had lost confidence in themselves, or were fearful of another disappoint- ment. Some felt they had previously been immature or had emo- tional or psychological problems. Although their problems were now under control, these partici- pants were reluctant to try to explain themselves if reentry inter- views called for such information. Another few were serving in the armed forces at the time they responded to the questionnaire and would have to complete their tours of duty before decisions to return to nursing school could be made. Those counted in the category “location of nursing school” were usually participants who had changed their places of residence and/or had married, moved to another area and could not find a nursing school within a reasona- ble distance. Participants’ other written reasons, which ranged from 6.6 percent of the diploma to 8 percent of the associate degree, dealt with one of three possibilities: shortcomings of nursing schools in general, problems in being readmitted to nursing school, or current enrollment in a nonnursing school. Some believed nursing schools did not concentrate enough on the patient care aspects of the curriculum; others thought nursing schools discriminated against certain groups and mentioned older students, married students, and racial and religious groups. Some respondents were having prob- lems in having their credits evaluated for readmission. And a final few thought they would defer decision about reentry into nursing until they had completed the course of study they were now taking. The final category in table 41 contains a few respondents who gave no reason at all and some who gave several reasons, none of which appeared to be paramount. Subsequent Nonnursing Education Some participants who left nursing school continued their educa- tion in other fields. Those who continued in school were 38.0 percent of the associate degree, 33.1 percent of the diploma, and 60.9 percent of the baccalaureate (table 42). Enrollment in school as reported here includes all types of postsecondary education—occupationally oriented, speciality programs, and programs in junior or senior colleges. Of this group, major fields most often mentioned by the 87 ''Table 40.—Would like to return to nursing school, by type of program: all years combined Associate degree Diploma Baccalaureate Return to nursing No. Pet. No. Pct. No. Pct. Would like to return) 9 __-------------- 1,697 429 1,249 33.6 1,069 27.1 Would not return _-_----------------- 1,341 339 1,383 37.2 1,926 488 Already reenrolled _----------------- 662 16.7 903 24.3 739 —-18.7 Undecided or no response _--------- 258 6.5 185 5.0 212 5.4 Total, <--=2<--- cee nse cesecess, 3,958 100.0 3,720 100.0 3,946 100.0 Table 41.—Main reason for not having returned to nursing school, by type of program: all years combined Associate degree Diploma Baccalaureate Reason No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. Scholasti¢: 22----s-eccceseseeccencen 187 11.0 52 4.2 73 6.8 Financial ____---------------------- 416 24.5 303. 24.2 275 25.7 Financial and another reason __------ 161 9.5 105 8.4 86 8.0 Marriage and home responsibilities ____ 580 34.2 573 45.9 432 40.4 Health ______---------------------- 69 41 27 2:2 24 2.3 P6ISONAl exceweeee eee semecases 77 4.5 55 44 44 44 Location of nursing school -__-------- 20 1.2 15 1.2 27 2:5 Other r@ASON sasesceeewesenosecsens 135 8.0 82 6.6 76 TA Ambiguous or no response _--------- 52 3.1 37 3.0 32 3.0 Total’ 9 _____--------------------- 1,697 100.0 1,249 100.0 1,069 100.0 1 Includes only those who would like to return to nursing school as given in table 34. These are in addition to those who indicated they had already reenrolled (table 40). Respondents who indicated they would like to return to nursing school but had not yet done so were asked to give one main reason for not having continued in a nursing education program. A checklist of five options followed this item. Responses to this item, especially those written in by respondents, made further categorization advisable. Table 41 includes only those who ex- pressed a desire to return to nursing school. The predominant situations which precluded return to nursing school were marriage and home responsibilities cited by 34.2 per- cent of the associate degree, 45.9 percent of the diploma and 40.4 percent of the baccalaureate respondents. The second most fre- quently mentioned reason was “financial circumstances” given by about a fourth of each group. Also, financial reasons appeared coupled with another reason often enough to be tabulated sepa- 86 ''Three items on the questionnaire were related to reenrollment: the first asked if the respondent had reenrolled, the second, the type of nursing program, and the third, current status in that program. It will be recalled that in this study “graduated” has been defined as completion of the same type of nursing program in which the participant was enrolled at the time the study began and “withdrawal” includes all those who had completely severed ties with nursing schools and those who had changed from one type of nursing program to another type; ie., from diploma to baccalau- reate. If all withdrawals who returned to nursing school, noted in the first row of table 38, are added together, a total of 2,304 individuals reentered nursing schools. Of these, 2,133 responded to all the items on the questionnaire referring to reenrollment in nursing school; their responses are described in table 39. Most of those who returned to nursing school had enrolled in practical nursing pro- grams, 677, followed in frequency by those who decided upon a diploma program, 650 of the withdrawals. A good many of those who entered practical nursing programs had graduated, 65.4 per- cent, by the time they responded to the withdrawal questionnaire. The lower proportions graduating from other types of nursing programs are related no doubt to their length, and also because some of those who reentered nursing may not have done so immediately after withdrawal. Thirteen and five-tenths percent of those who reenrolled in nursing school withdrew, presumably for the second time. Proportionally, those who went into baccalaureate programs had the highest second time withdrawal rate: 29.5 per- cent. Another item on the withdrawal questionnaire asked respondents if they would like to return to nursing school. To this inquiry 42.9 percent of the associate degree, 33.6 percent of the diploma, and 27.1 percent of the baccalaureate withdrawals replied in the affirmative. Table 39.—For those who reenrolled in nursing, by type of subsequent program and status in that program! Status in subsequent program Program of Graduated Still enrolled Withdrew Total reenrollment No. Pct. No. Pet. No. Pct. No. Pct. Practical nursing __-- 443 +65.4 180 266 54 8.0 677 100.0 Associate degree --_-_- 181 30.2 332 55.4 86 14.4 599 100.0 Diploma __---------- 143 22.0 420 64.6 87 13.4 650 100.0 Baccalaureate ______ 11 §.3 135 65.2 61 29.5 207 100.0 Total _-----_--____- 778 36.5 1,067 50.0 288 13.5 2,133 100.0 ‘ Includes only those who reenrolled and responded to all items concerning reenroliment. 85 ''educational and occupational activities since leaving nursing school, and marital status. Students who withdrew from nursing school usually did so in the first year: 76.3 percent of associate degree, 67.5 percent of diploma, and 47.5 percent of baccalaureate (table 37). More than a fifth of the participants withdrew from associate degree programs during the second year, about a fourth of the diploma, and over a third of the baccalaureate. Smaller proportions left in the final year. A few associate degree programs, mostly in the first group of the study (entered in the fall of 1962), were more than 2 years in length. Continued Interest in Nursing Some of the participants in this study who withdrew from nursing schools before finishing the program, and who responded to the questionnaire sent to those who withdrew, appeared to continue their interest in nursing. For instance, some participants who withdrew reenrolled in another nursing program: 16.7 of the withdrawals from associate degree programs, 24.3 percent of the diploma, and 18.7 of baccalau- reate (table 38). Table 37.—Year of leaving nursing program, by type of program: all years combined Associate degree Diploma Baccalaureate Year of withdrawal No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. First _--------------------_ 3,018 76.3 2,511 67.5 1,876 47.5 Second -__--------------- 858 21.7 913 24.5 1,385 35.1 RWG ert eeweeeee 12 0.3 241 6.5 502 12.7 FOUN m2sencceoes--e-nees = x — = 94 2.4 Ambiguous or no response _- 70 1.8 55 1.5 89 2.3 Total _.---------------_-- 3,958 100.0 3,720 100.0 3,946 100.0 1 Some associate degree programs were more than 2 years in length. Table 38.—Reenrolled in nursing program, by type of original program: all years combined Associate degree Diploma Baccalaureate Enrollment No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. Reenrolled _-----------_--- 662 16.7 903 24.3 739 18.7 Did not reenroll __-_------_- 3,129 79.1 2,707 72.6 3,068 77.7 Ambiguous or no response _- 167 4.2 110 3.0 139 3.5 Total _------------------- 3,958 100.0 3,720 100.0 3,946 100.0 84 ''Chapter VI ACTIVITIES OF WITHDRAWALS AFTER LEAVING NURSING SCHOOL When directors of participating programs returned lists of stu- dents which verified graduation date and indicated those who had withdrawn, withdrawal questionnaires were sent to the appropriate participants. That is, those who were designated as having with- drawn were sent questionnaires at about the time they would have been graduating if they had remained in the nursing programs. The procedure for mailing and following questionnaires was the same as used throughout the study. The initial questionnaire request was sent with an explanatory letter and return envelope to individuals at their home addresses. If no response was forthcoming, followup procedures were instituted at 3-week intervals, at first by post card, then another letter with the questionnaire, and third, a certified letter with questionnaire. Responses to the withdrawal questionnaire varied by year of the study and type of program and did not reach the level of response of other questionnaires in this study (appendix B, table B-2). It is possible that those who withdrew from nursing were less concerned about responding to the questionnaire but, in general, question- naires were undeliverable by the post office because of inaccurate addresses. An address had been obtained from each participant upon entrance to nursing school and the start of the study; however, withdrawal questionnaires were not sent until some time later. If the address was then inaccurate, there was no means of obtaining further information since schools of nursing usually did not have forwarding addresses for students who had withdrawn. Response rates for the withdrawal questionnaire ranged from 79.4 percent for the diploma group to 63.5 percent for the baccalaureate group. Except in instances which are specifically explained other- wise, the totals in the following tables reflect all those who returned the withdrawal questionnaire. This chapter describes responses of those who withdrew in terms of: year of withdrawal, reenrollment in another nursing school, 83 ''students, which remained scholastic failure. However, among the diploma and baccalaureate groups during the later years in school, marriage and/or pregnancy assumed greater importance as the reason for withdrawal. The data indicate that married and formerly married students withdrew more frequently because of personal/family problems and financial reasons than their single cohorts. Students who belonged to ethnic groups other than white withdrew for scholastic reasons in greater proportions than white students. Although the propor- tions were small, nonwhite students also had more financial prob- lems which led to withdrawal. Those who came from the lowest end of the family income scale in this study withdrew from nursing for scholastic reasons more frequently than did those whose families were in better financial circumstances. Students in the low income group cited financial reasons more frequently than their other classmates who withdrew and in the associate degree and baccalau- reate programs, they also often left school because of family/ personal problems. Leaving nursing school because of scholastic problems was the predominant reason given for associate degree and diploma groups by students and directors, regardless of high school academic standing; however, proportions differed considerably between those who had been in the top or bottom half of their high school classes. On the other hand, baccalaureate participants who had been in the top half of their high school classes left nursing school most frequently because they had lost interest in nursing, while those who had been in the bottom half of their high school classes left for scholastic reasons. Although each variable—marital status, ethnic group, family income and high school standing—has been examined separately by reason for withdrawal, there is no doubt that there are interrela- tionships among the variables. Descriptively, the students in this study who appeared to withdraw from nursing school for scholastic reasons were single, belonged to an ethnic group other than white, came from the lowest income level used in this study, and had been in the bottom half of their high school classes. 82 ''the same response; among the 996 diploma withdrawals for scholas- tic reasons, 889 or 89.3 percent of directors cited this reason; and for the 517 baccalaureate degree respondents, 362 or 70 percent of directors also indicated scholastic reason for withdrawal. The tables also indicate the differences between directors’ and participants’ perceptions of financial reasons for withdrawal, the area which elicited least correspondence in responses. Of the 195 associate degree respondents giving financial reasons for withdrawal, only 15 directors cited the same reason; for 62 diploma participants’ re- sponses in this category, 7 directors gave the same response; and for 10 of the 102 baccalaureate participants, directors had the same response. Examination of diagonal percentages of the tables would imply that when directors and participants differed in response, directors were more likely to be giving scholastic failure as a reason for withdrawal. Summary In examining reasons for withdrawal from nursing school it is apparent that among baccalaureate programs and, to a lesser extent among associate degree programs, directors of the nursing programs were unaware of the reasons why students left nursing school. The implication to be drawn is that a final interview or exit evaluation was not a part of the usual school procedure or, if done, was not a part of the nursing department’s records. It is reasonable to assume that withdrawal from nursing cannot be understood unless reasons for withdrawal are examined more vigorously. Rea- sons for withdrawal and patterns relating to these reasons de- scribed in this study are at best only broad directionals, which point to areas warranting deeper investigation. It is also reasonable to assume that identifying the one primary reason for withdrawal is probably difficult. Among respondents for whom one primary reason was identified in this study, scholastic failure was the predominant reason for withdrawal of associate degree and diploma students. “No longer interested in nursing as a career,” which includes all who remained in school but changed their major area of study, was the most frequently cited reason for baccalaureate withdrawals from nurs- ing. These reasons were true for both directors’ and participants’ responses, although proportions differed, with respondents usually citing scholastic reasons less frequently. Participants’ responses in the categories marriage, personal/family problems, and financial were usually proportionally higher than directors’ responses in these categories. 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Those who had been in the bottom half of their high school classes who indicated they had left nursing school for scholastic reasons accounted for 41.6 percent of the associate degree, 45.9 percent of the diploma, and 81.7 percent of the baccalaureate respondents. Although scholastic reasons for withdrawal from nursing differed proportionally in relation to high school standing, it should be noted that even among those who were in the top half of their high school classes, “scholastic reasons” was the predominant reason for withdrawal for associate degree and diploma participants as indicated by both director and participants. “No longer interested in nursing” was the most frequently cited reason given by directors and participants for withdrawal for baccalaureate participants whose high school aver- ages had been in the top half of their classes. Comparison of Reason for Withdrawal—Director and Participant Tables 34, 35, and 36 show an effort to determine how many directors’ and participants’ reasons occurred in the same or differ- ent categories. To be included in this table, a respondent would have had to return the withdrawal questionnaire, checked one of the listed options as reason for withdrawal, and, in addition, the director would have had to supply one of the checklist reasons for the respondent. For example, if a withdrawal questionnaire was returned with a reason written in by the respondent instead of one on the checklist, this individual’s response would not be included in the table, or, even if the respondent cited a checklist reason, but the director had categorized this person as reason “unknown,” then that individual’s response also would be eliminated. Within these restrictions, which reduces the total number of responses tallied, there are some similarities and some differences in the two reasons for withdrawal. For all three tables there was more agreement between directors and participants concerning scholastic reasons than for any other reason for withdrawal. Among the 945 associate degree participants who said they had withdrawn for scholastic reasons, 818 directors or 86.6 percent gave 75 ''Table 32.—Primary reason for withdrawal given by director and participant, by family income at time of entrance, diploma program: all years combined 1 Below $5,000- $10,000- $15,000 : , ., $5,000 $9,999 $14,999 and over Director's and participant's reason No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pet. Scholastic: Director __--------------- 460 43.5 782 426 306 408 97 383 Participant -_-----_--____- 263 32.2 449 304 169 283 52 27.4 No longer interested in nursing: Director __-_------_--___ 187 17.7 398 21.7 158 21.1 64 253 Participant _______---____ 142 174 283 19.1 127) 213 47 24.7 Unsuited for nursing: Director ___-_----------- 67 63 68 3.7 44 59 18 7.1 Partichbant steerer eee 49 60 7s «6. 43 7.2 7 37 Marriage/pregnancy: Director __-------------- 193 183 329 179 145 193 31 12.3 Participant --__--__-_-_-_- 185 226 336 22.7 145 243 31 16.3 Personal/family problems: DIOCIOR accep 77 ~=73 #110 60 45 60 17 67 Participant ==--.-==--===-. 94 115 192 13.0 61 10.2 26 13.7 Financial: Director -_-------------- 7 0.7 5 0.3 1 0.1 1 0.4 Participant ~_-------_____ 28 3.4 30 =. 2.0 2 0.3 1 0.5 Iliness: DirectOF sncnnccsnccccucs 41 3.9 100 54 30 = 4.0 13° 5.1 Participant ~--___-_______ 37 4.5 77 5.2 31 5.2 16 84 To enter other nursing program: Director _____--------_-_ 2 24 45 24 21 2.8 12 47 Participant -----------__- 20 2.4 372.5 19 3.2 10 5.3 Total: Director secconeccecceece 1,057 100.0 1,837 100.0 750 100.0 253 100.0 Participant __-------_-__- 818 100.0 1,479 100.0 597 100.0 190 100.0 ‘ Excludes unknown and “other” reason by director or participant, family income unknown, and participants who did not return a withdrawal questionnaire. Participants who indicated personal/family problems as reasons for withdrawal were proportionally higher among students at the lowest income level than in other income categories, 17.2 percent and 11.8 percent respectively for associate degree and baccalau- reate; but for diploma participants, the same reason was propor- tionally highest, 13.7 percent at the opposite end of the income scale. As might be anticipated, students who had been in the bottom half of their high school classes withdrew from nursing schools for scholastic reasons more frequently than students whose high school standing had been in the top half (table 33). Directors gave scholas- 74 ''Table 31.—Primary reason for withdrawal given by director and participant, by family income at time of entrance, baccalaureate program: all years combined ' Below $5,000- $10,000- $15,000 ; , . , $5,000 $9,999 $14,999 and over Director's and participant's reason No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pet. Scholastic: Director __-___-_________ 223 33.9 494 321 287 28.7 128 24.1 Participant __---_________ 125 220 276 20.7 169 19.7 76 17.4 No longer interested in nursing: Director ===---..-----=-- 245 37.2 632 41.1 448 448 263 495 Participant ~-_-------____ 164 288 479 359 351 408 202 45.4 Unsuited for nursing: Director __-_-__-_-_______ 25 3.8 31 2.0 34 3.4 8 15. Participant ______________ 28. 49 392.9 29 34 20 45 Marriage/pregnancy: Director ________________ 51 7.8 164 10.7 95 9.5 49 9.2 Participant -__-__-_______ 79 13.9 248 186 134 15.6 63 14.2 Personal/family problems: Director ________________ 48 7.3 82 «5.3 36s 33.6 20 +38 PArtiGhOGt ccs 67 11.8 119 8.9 79 9.2 25 5.6 Financial: Director __--____________ 12 1.8 18 1.2 14 1.4 4 0.8 Participant __---_-_______ 56 9.8 70 5:2 22. 2.6 10 2.2 IlIness: Director __-_-_-__-_-____ 28 43 52 3.4 30 3863.0 21 4.0 Participant ______________ 24 4.2 31 2.3 28 3.3 19 43 To enter other nursing program: Director ________________ 26 40 65 4.2 55 5.5 38 v2 Participant ______________ 26 4.6 74 5:5 48 5.6 30 6.7 Total: Director __-_____________ 658 100.0 1,538 100.0 999 100.0 531 100.0 PamtiGibant