Contributions to

Paleontology
1966

 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573

TM volume was paé/z's/zea’
as separate c/zapz‘ers A—D

 

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

William T. Pecora, Director

CONTENTS

[Letters designate the separately published chapters]

(A) Recent Foraminifera from the Gulf of Alaska and southeastern Alaska, by Ruth Todd and Doris Low.
(B) The Mesozoic pelecypods Otapiria Marwick and Lupherella Imlay, new genera in the United States, by Ralph W. Imlay.
(C) Fusulinidae from the Graford Formation and Winchell Limestone, Canyon Group, Upper Pennsylvanian, in Brown County,

Texas, by Donald A. Myers.
(D) Ostracoda from the Upper Tertiary Waccamaw Formation of North Carolina and South Carolina, by Frederick M. Swain.

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ecent F oraminifera

From the Gulf of Alaska
And Southeastern Alaska

 

 

 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573-A

 

Recent Foraminifera

From the Gulf of Alaska
And Southeastern Alaska

By RUTH TODD and DORIS LOW

CONTRIBUTIONS. TO PALEONTOLOGY

 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573—A

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UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1967

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
William T. Pecora, Director

 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office
Washington, DC. 20402 _ Price 55 cents (paper cover)

CONTENTS

 

Page Systematic descriptions—Continued Page
Abstract ___________________________________________ A1 Calcareous imperforate families ___________________ A18
Introduction ....................................... 1 Miliolidae __________________________________ 18
Description of faunas ———————————————————————————————— 2 Ophthalmidiidae ____________________________ 21
Analyses of samples ————————————————————————————————— 6 Calcareous perforate families _____________________ 21
Gulf of Alaska __________________________________ 5 Lagenidae _________________________________ 21
Southeastern Alaska ............................ 7 POIymorphinidae ___________________________ 25
Comparison with other assemblages ——————————————————— 8 Buliminidae ________________________________ 26
Recent age ————————————————————————————————————— 8 Discorbidae ________________________________ 30
Pleistocene or Pliocene age _______________________ 10 Rotaliidae _________________________________ 31
Age of Pamplona Searidge samples ____________________ 10 Elphidiidae ________________________________ 33
Conclusions ________________________________________ 11 Anomalinidae ______________________________ 34
Systematic descriptions ______________________________ 12 Rupertiidae ________________________________ 35
Arenaceous families _____________________________ 12 Nonionidae ________________________________ 35
Astrorhizidae _______________________________ 12 CaSSidulinidae ______________________________ 36
Rhizamminidae ————————————————————————————— 12 Chilostomellidae ____________________________ 38
Saccamminidae ————————————————————————————— 12 Aragonitic family _______________________________ 38
H yperamminidae ——————————————————————————— 13 Robertini dae ______________________________ 38
Reophacidae _______________________________ 14 Planktonic families ______________________________ 39
Ammodiscidae —————————————————————————————— 14 Globigerinidae ______________________________ 39
Lituolidae _________________________________ 14 Globorotaliidae _____________________________ 39
Textulariidae ——————————————————————————————— 16 References cited ____________________________________ 40
Verneulinidae ________________________________ 1 6 Index _____________________________________________ 4 3

Valvulinidae _______________________________ 16

Trochamminidae ____________________________ 18

ILLUSTRATIONS
[Plates 1—5 follow index]
PLATE Recent arenaceous Foraminifera from Alaska.

1.
2. Recent arenaceous and porcellaneous Foraminifera from Alaska.

3. Recent Lagenidae, Polymorphinidae, and Buliminidae from Alaska.

4. Recent Buliminidae, Elphidiidae, Discorbidae, and Rotaliidae from Alaska.
5. Recent miscellaneous benthonic and planktonic Foraminifel‘a from Alaska.

Page
FIGURE 1. Map of Gulf of Alaska. and southeastern Alaska showing location of dredged samples ______ A3
TABLES
Page
TABLE 1. List of stations and locality data for Foraminifera samples _____________ A2
2. Distribution and abundance of Recent Foraminifera off Alaska ,,,,,,,,, 4
III

28056

 

 

CONTRIBUTIONS T0 PALEONTOLOGY

RECENT FORAMINIFERA FROM THE GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

By RUTH TODD and DORIS Low

ABSTRACT

Pamplona Searidge is a northeast-trending submarine ridge,
about 30 miles off the coast in the Gulf of Alaska, near the
outer edge of the continental shelf. It now rises from sur-
rounding depths of about 400 fathoms to within 68 fathoms of
the surface and conceivably might have been what 18th century
Spanish and Russian explorers reported to be the dangerous
rocky shoal, “Pamplona Rock.”

Three samples dredged between 85 and 100 fathoms from near
the top of Pamplona Searidge contain rich assemblages of
Foraminifera dominated by Cassid'ulma caliform'ca and 0’. tor-
tuosa. Two samples were dredged from the sides of the sea-
ridge between 133 and 205 fathoms. The fauna of the shallower
one—that between 133 and 148 fathom-s—is similar to those on
the summit, but the deeper sample is dominated by Goesella
flintii.

For comparison with the Foraminifera of the searidge, six
samples from depths between 10 and 215 fathoms, dredged in
the channels and bays of the fjordland of southeastern Alaska
were also studied. These six samples reveal the faunal dis-
tinctiveness of the various fjordland localities as contrasted
with the comparative uniformity of the open environment of the
searidge samples in the Gulf of Alaska.

Only two of the fjordland samples have dominating species,
namely Elphidiclla yrocnlumlica and Cassidulina limbata at
Excursion Inlet and Rotal'ia columbicnsis at Gambier Bay.
Elsewhere, each assemblage contains a group of major constitu—
ents with supplementary minor ones. Some of these major
constituents are Rcophuw scorpiurus, Haplophragmoidca plant's-
simus, Oribrostomoides crassimargo, Ammotium cassis, Gau-
(Iryi-na arenaria, Eggcrclla adccn‘a, Quinqueloculma aimeriana,
Globobulimina auriculata, Bolivina clam, U'uigcrina peregrina,
Angulogerma fluens, Rosalind ornatissima, Buccella frigida,
Elphidium clacatum, E. frigidum, Cibicidcs lobatulus, Florilus
labradoricus, Nonlionella pulchclla, Pscmlononion auriculum,
and Astronom'on gallowam‘.

Altogether, 1-10 species are recorded, and their distribution
and abundance indicated. but about 85 of them constitute a
quantitatively negligible part of the whole population of
lr‘oraminifera. From the total of 140 species, about 56 percent
have previously been recorded as inhabiting Arctic regions, and
an additional 8 percent as inhabiting Antarctic regions. Only
36 percent have not been reported in either polar region.

Comparisons are made with Recent Foraniinifera assemblages
from elevated glacial sediment in southeastern Alaska, from
dredged bottom sediment in southern British Columbia, from
the northwestern l’acih‘c. from shallow shelf water along the
Arctic coast of eastern Siberia. and from off the coast of Chile.

 

In each of these places numerous species were found in common
with the present assemblages.

Comparisons were also made with three probably Pleistocene
or Pliocene occurrences: a submarine beach deposit near Nome,
Amchi-tka Island in the Aleutians, and Middleton Island in the
Gulf of Alaska west of the searidge. Here, too, similarities
were found with the present assemblages.

Search for evidence that Pamplona Searidge had formerly
been at a higher elevation near sea level was fruitless, but
at the same time the Foraminifera showed nothing that would
rule out such an interpretation.

INTRODUCTION

Five bottom samples from Pamplona Searidge in the
Gulf of Alaska and six samples from various localities
in the fjords and bays of southeastern Alaska have
yielded rich assemblages, consisting mostly of Recent
smaller Foraminifera but undoubtedly including fossil
specimens as minor elements.

Study of the Foraminifera from Pamplona Searidge
was made originally as a search for evidence that the
searidge had, within the last 180 years, foundered from
a near-surface elevation where it may have been the
ancient “Bajo Pamplona” reported in 1779 and charted
by the Spanish explorers as a dangerous rocky shoal
(Jordan, 1958, p. 3—4, fig. 2). Pamplona Searidge is
now a 15-mile long submarine ridge, trending approxi-
mately northeast at right angles to the coastline, begin-
ning about 30 miles offshore at the outer edge of the
continental shelf. Its minimum depth, a rocky sub—
marine promontory at 68 fathoms, is found at its outer
(southwest) end.

Three dredgings on the top and one from each side
of Pamplona Searidge (hereafter referred to as Pam-
plona 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8) were made by the US. Coast
and Geodetic Survey Ship Pathfinder in 1958. In addi-
tion, six samples were obtained from various depths and
localities in the inland waterways in southeastern
Alaska and used for comparison with the five samples
from the searidge. Two of the fjordland samples
(Kasaan Bay and Clarence Strait) were also dredged
by the Pathfinder; the remaining four (Excursion In-

A1

A2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

let, Taku Harbor, Lynn Canal, and Gambier Bay) were
obtained in 1958 by the late I). J. Miller of the U.S. Geo-
logical Survey. Figure 1 shows the geographic relation—
ship of the two areas. Table 1 details all the localities
and bottom conditions and lists the USGS locality

samples increased the total composite fauna by only 25
percent to a total of 140 species.

In the 11 samples taken together, a total of 137 species
(including one subspecies) has been identified. Three
more were left indeterminate. The benthonic part of

TABLE 1.—Llst of stations and locality data for Foramtntfera samples

 

 

 

 

Station USGS locality Location Depth Type of sediment and conditions
(fathoms)
Gulf of Alaska:
Pamplona 3 ,,,,,,, f25949 ,,,,, Lat. 59°30.65’ N.;long.142°36.40’ W- 95 Pebblyd mud from trench on top of
scan ge.
Pamplona 4 ....... f25950 ,,,,, Lat. 59°31’ N.; long. 142°35.70’ W- - 85 Pebbly mud from top of searidge.
Pamplona 5 ,,,,,,, f25951 _____ Lat.59°32.65’ N.;long.142°36.05’ W- 205 Mixed sand and clay with few pebbles
from west slope of searidge.
Pamplona 7 ,,,,,,, f25952 ,,,,, Lat. 59°31.50’ N.;10ng. 142°35.45’ W- 100 Pebblyd mud from trench on top of
scan ge.
Pamplona 8 ,,,,,,, £25953 ,,,,, Lat. 59°31.80’ N.;long.142°35.00’ W- 133~148 Muddy sand with pebbles and cobbles
from east slope of searidge.
Clarence Strait- - -_-- -- £25954 ,,,,, Lat. 55°21.3’ N.; long. 131°57.5’ W-- 215 Silty clay (ooze).
Kasaan Bay ___________ f25955 _____ Lat. 55°26’ N.; long. 132°14.2’ W- -_ 47—57 Pebbly mud.
Excursion Inlet -------- f25956 ----- West arm, 400 ft ofl“ West shore; 0.9 25 Sandy mud; water turbid from glacial
mile N. 60° W. of point between streams.
two arms.
Taku Harbor ---------- f25957 ----- About 3,500 ft N. 42° E. of 11% Sand; strong tidal current at surface.
Stockade Point.
Lynn Canal ___________ f25958 _____ West shore, :t 1,000 ft offshore, 10% Silty clay.
2.90 miles N. 53° W. of south
end of Sullivan Island.
Gambier Bay __________ f25959 ----- Channel between Church Point 10 Coarse sand (partly inside shells of
and south end of island to north. dead mollusks and brachiopods);
very strong tidal currents.

 

 

 

numbers assigned to the samples of Foraminifera. The
samples obtained from the top and sides of the searidge
come from depths between 85 and 205 fathoms; those
from the southeastern Alaska fjordlands from depths
between 10 and 215 fathoms.

Acknowledgments.—We owe our thanks to Don J.
Miller, who provided us with the material that forms
the basis of this report, as well as other material used
for comparison. We are indebted for assistance of vari—
ous kinds received from many colleagues, chiefly F. L.
Parker and Erk Reimnitz of Scripps Institution of
Oceanography.

DESCRIPTION OF FAUNAS

The searidge samples are the richest; 112 species were
identified from the 5 samples taken in the Gulf of
Alaska, whereas only 91 were identified from the 6
fjordland samples. More than one—half (56 percent)
of the gulf species are known also in the fjordland.
The 28 additional species in the 6 additional fjordland

 

this population accounts for 133 species, and the plank—
tonic for 7.

From the entire 140 species, 85 (almost 60 percent)
may be eliminated from consideration in this analysis
because they constitute a quantitatively negligible part
of the whole. The remaining 55 species (53 benthonic
and 2 planktonic) are estimated to constitute between
90 and 100 percent of the specimens in the composite set
of samples, but with no more than 18 of these 55 species
constituting significant percentages of the specimens in
any one sample.

Species having Arctic records are indicated by an
asterisk in the distribution table (table 2). Of the total
140 species, 77 (or about 56 percent) have been recorded
in Arctic regions, an additional 8 percent from Antarc-
tic regions, and 36 percent have not been reported in
the polar regions. When only the 55 quantitatively sig-
nificant species are considered, not much change in these
percentages is noted: 53 percent recorded from the
Arctic, 5 percent from the Antarctic, and 42 percent in
nonpolar regions.

A3

RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

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CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

TABLE 2.—Dism'bution and abundance of Recent Foramim'fera of Alaska

[A =abundant; C =common; R =rare; *=reported in the Arctic)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gulf of Alaska Southeastern Alaska
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Benthonic species
Arenaceous families
Astrorhizidae:
*Rhabdamminaabyssorum M. Sars? ___________________________ ____ R ____________________ ____ ________ _-__
Rhizamminidae:
*RhizamminaindivisaBrady _________________________________ R ________ ____ ____ ____ ________ ____________
Rhizammina?sp ___________________________________________ ________ ____________ ____ R ____ ____________
Saccamminidae:

*PsammosphaerafuscaSchultze _______________________________ ____ R ________ ____ _-___-__ ________________

*Saccamminadifilugiformis (Brady) ___________________________ ____________ R ____ ________ ____ _-______ ____

*PelosinavariabilisBrady ____________________________________ R ____ R R ____ R ____ ____________

Hyperamminidae:

*HyperamminaelongataBrady? _______________________________ R R R C R ____-_-___-_____________

*Saccorhiza ramosa (Brady)? _________________________________ ______-_ -___ ____ R ____ ________________ ____

*PsammatodendronarborescensNorman ________________________ R ____ __-_ ____ ________ ________ R ____

Reophacidae:
Reophaxinsectus Goés ______________________________________ ____ ____ R _ __ -_______ ____________ ____ ___-
* scorpiurus Montfort ____________________________________ R R R R ____ A R R R R
Ammodiscidae:
*Ammodiscusarenaceus (Williamson) _________________________ R ____ ______-_____-_-_ R _-__________ ____
* gullmarensisHéglund ___________________________________ R ____ R ________________ R ____ -___ R
Lituolidae:
*Haplophragmoidesbradyi (Robertson) _________________________ ____ ________________ R R ____ ____________
planissimusCushman __________________________________ ____________ R ___-________ C ________
sphaeriloculusCushman _________________________________ R __-_____________________ ____ ____________
*Cribrostomoides crassimargo (Norman) ________________________ R ____ R R ____-___ R R
* jefireysii (Williamson) __________________________________ R ____ R _____-__ ____ ____ R R ____ R
scitulus (Brady) _______________________________________ ____ R __-- R R C ________ _-______ ____
velerom’s (CushmananndCulloch) ______________________ ______-_____ R R __-_ ________-___ ________
Recurvoidescontortus Earland ________________________________ ____ R ____ _____-__ ____ __-_ ____ ____ R
* turbinatus (Brady)__7 __________________________________ ____ ____ ________ ___- __-_____ R -___ ____ ?
Ammobaculitesarenarius Natland ____________________________ R R ____ _______________-____ ____________
*Ammotiumcassis (Parker) __________________________________ ____________ ________________ R ____ ____
Textulariidae:

*sz'roplectamnu'na biformis (ParkerandJones) _________________ ________ ____ ____ ____ _-__ ___- R ____ ________
Verneuilinidae:

Gaudryina arenaria Gallowayand Wissler _____________________ R R R ____ ________ R C R ________
Valvulinidae:

*Eggerellaadvena(Cushman) _________________________________ ________________________ R C R C R

Dorothiaaff.D.bradyanaCushman ____________________________ C C C C -___ __-________-___-___-_---

Goesella flinm'Cushman ____________________________________ _-______-___ C C ____ ____ ____ ____________

Goesella?sp _______________________________________________ _-______ R ____ ____ ____ ________________ ____

Karrem'ella baccata (Schwager) _______________________________ A C A C R ____ C ____ ____ -_____-_

Schenckiellaprimaeva (Cushman) ____________________________ ____ R R C R _________-________-_ ___-

Trochamminidae:

TrochamminaadvenaCushman _______________________________ R ___-____ ____ -___ R ___- ____________

* rotaliformisJ. Wright ___________________________________ R ____ R R ________ R R R -___ R

* squamataParkerandJones _______________________________ _________--_ ____________________ ____ _-__ R

Calcareous imperforate families
Miliolidae:

*Qm'nqueloculinaagglutinala Cushman _________________________ ____ R ____ -_______ -_______ ____-___ R --__
akneriana d’Orbigny ____________________________________ C C R C _-__ A C C R ____ R

* arctica Cushman _______________________________________ ________ ________ ________ _-__ R ____ ____ R
frigidaParker _________________________________________ __~_____ _________-______ ________ R _-__ ____
seminulum(Linné) _____________________________________ _-__ R ____ ________ C ____ R ____ R

* slalkeriLoeblichandTappan ____________________________ -___________________ R R R ___________-

* subrotunda (Montagu) __________________________________ ________________ _-__ ____ ________ ____ ____ R

SigmoilinadistortaPhlegorandParker ________________________ R ____ R R ____________________ -_-_____

Trilocuh'narotundad’Orbigny _______________________________ R R ____________ ________ ________ R R

Cruciloculinatriangularisd’Orbigny __________________________ R R ______-__-_______________-____--___-

Biloculinellaglobula(Bornemann) ____________________________ R _-______________ ________________________

*Pyrgoabyssorum(Goés) _____________________________________ ____ R ____ ___-____ _____________-__ ___- ____

* depressad’Orbigny _____________________________________ ________ ____ R __-_ C ____________ ____ ____

* lucernula(Schwager) ___________________________________ R R R R -___ R R ____-_______
TotalariaLoeblichandTappan ___________________________ _________________-__ R ____-___ ____________

*Pyrgo vespertilio (Schlumberger) _____________________________ C ____ ____ ____ -___ ____ ____ ___- ____

Pyrgoella sphaera (d’Orbigny) ____________________________________ R

RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

TABLE 2.—D1'str1'but1'on and abundance of Recent Foraminifem ofi Alaska—Continued

[A=abundant; C =common; R =rare; ‘=reported in the Arctic]

A5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gulf of Alaska Southeastern Alaska
E h % s a z
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Benthom'c species—Continued
Calcareous imperforate families—Continued
Ophthalmidiidae:
*CornuspirainvolvensReuss __________________________________ R R ________ ________ R ____ ________ ____
Calcareous perforate families
Lagenidae:
Robulus n1'kobarens1s (Schwager) _____________________________ R C C ____ R ____ R ___________ _-__
occidentalis (Cushman) _________________________________ R R R
strongiChurch _________________________________________ ________-_______ ____ ____ R ____________-___
AstacalusplanulatusGallowayandWissler ____________________ R ____ R R __-_________________--_-____
*Marginulinaglabrad’Orbigny _______________________________ ____ R R ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ _-______ ____
*DentalinabaggiGallowayandWissler ________________________ R ____ R C ________ C ________________
decepta (Ba g) _________________________________________ R R C R _______ ____ _-__ R ________
aff.D.subsol%1£a(Cushman) _____________________________ R ____ R ____ R ________ ____ -___________
Lagenonodosariascalan’s(Batsch) ____________________________ R C R ____ -_______ ____-___ R ____ ___-
*Pseudonodosariaradicula(Linné) _____________________________ ________ R R ______-___________--_--__---
Vaginulinopsisbacheii (Bailey) ______________________________ R ____ R ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ _--_____
Frondiculariagigas Church __________________________________ R R C ________ ____ R ____ ---- -___ ___-
*Lagenaamphora Reuss ______________________________________ -___________ R ____ R ____ ________ ____
* distamaParkerandJones _______________________________ R R ____________ R R ___-______-_____
* elongata(Ehrenberg) ___________________________________ R ____ R R ____ R ____ ____ _-__ _____-_-
h1'sp1'dula Cushman _____________________________________ R ____ -___ _____-__ ________ ________ ---- ____
* laev1's (Montagu) _______________________________________ R R R ____ ____ ____ ____ __-_____ ____ ____
* meridionalisWiesner ___________________________________ R ____ R ____ ____ ____ R ____ ___- _____-__
pl1'ocen1'ca Cushman and Gray ___________________________ R R R _ -_ ___- ____ ____ __-_-__-____ __-_
* striatu (d’Orbigny) _____________________________________ R R R -_______ ____ R ____ ______-_____
Polymorphinidae:
Guttulinaorientalis Cushmanand Ozawa ______________________ __-_ R R ___-____ ___- _______________-____
Sigmomorphinatrilocularis (Bagg) ____________________________ C C R ____ _____-______ R ____________
Polymorphina charlottensis Cushman __________________________ R R R R ________ C R _______-__--
kincaidiCushmanandTodd ____________________________ R R R ____ ________________ __-_____ ____
Buliminidae:
*Buliminellaelegantz'ssima (d’Orbigny) _________________________ _-_1__________-_______-_ ___- C ‘___ R __-_
subfusiformisCushman _________________________________ -___,___ R R ‘P R _____________-______
*Globobulimina auriculata (Bailey) ____________________________ ____________ R ____ A A R R R ____
*Virgulinafusiformis (Williamson) ____________________________ _________________~__ R ____ R -_____-__-__
Bolivinaalata(Seguenza) ___________________________________ ____________________ A ____________________
decussataBrady ________________________________________ R R R R ____ R R R R ____ R
oceanica Cushman ______________________________________ ________ R _______-____ __---_______________
* pacificaCushmananndCulloch ________________________ R R R ____________ _____.-________,
subaenam'ensis Cushman ________________________________ _--___,,____~___-_1_ R __-_-______-____-___
Bolivina (Loxostomum) porrecta (Brady) _______________________ R A___ R ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ “a
FissurinaagassiziToddandBronnimann _____________________ ,_-_ R ____ -_______ ____ -_-_____________ ___1
* cucurbitasemaLoeblichandTappan ______________________ ___, R 4___________ ____ ____ ___4______-__H_
* lucida (Williamson) ____________________________________ C C C R ____ R ”A- R __,_--,_ ?
*00l1'na apwpleura (Loebl1ch and Tappan) _____________________ R R C R R ,___ R R R ""4---
borealisLoeblichandTappan ____________________________ R R R _________,,_____ R -_____1_,4,_
* hexagona(W1111amson) __________________________________ A--- R R ______________,______-___,___,,
laem'gata d’Orbigny _____________________________________ -___ R R ____,___ ____4_,_______M____ R
* lineatopunctata(Heron-Allenand Earland) ________________ ________ R _,-_—_,_ -_______--,_____________
* melod’Orbigny ________________________________________ R R R ________ __u__,______,,___-_ ?
* striatopunctata (ParkerandJones) ________________________ R -___ R R ________________-___ ____,___
williamson1'(Alcock) ____________________________________ __,_ R _____-7_ "H ________V_-_____________
*Uvigerina peregrina Cushman ________________________________ C C A g __,_ R C __-_ R ________
*Angulpogerinafiuens Todd ___________________________________ C R R 1____,_- R R -_-_ R
Discorbidae:
Rosalinaornatissima(Cushman) _____________________________ __,_ ______________-_,___ R ____________ C
* wright1'1'(Brady) _______________________________________ ____ R R _________-__ -___________________
Epon1de31sabelleanus (d’Orbigny) ____________________________ C C R R ____________-___________-___
Rotaliidae:
*Buccellafn'g1'da (Cushman) __________________________________ ____,___,_______ ____ C A C R C R
Rotaliacolumbiensis (Cushman) ______________________________ -_1__,,_,_‘_____________________________ A
Epistominellapacifica(Cushman) ____________________________ ___,_______s R ____ C _______________---__
vitrea Parker __________________________________________________ R R R R R

A6

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

TABLE 2.—Distribution and abundance of Recent Foraminifera of Alaska—Continued
[A=abundant; C =common; R=rare; ‘=reported in the Arctic]

 

 

 

Gulf of Alaska Southeastern Alaska
5 is; s s e
is 2 2 :3 i: s E z e 2 £5
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53 £3 53 £3 9‘3 5 M S Q“ S 5
Benthom'c species—Continued
Calcaresus perforate families—Continued
Elphidiidae:
*ElphidiumbartlettiCushman _________________________________ ____________-_______________ R R R _-__
* clavatumCushman _____________________________________ R R R R ____ C C R C ____ _____
* frigidumCushman _____________________________________ ____ R R _____-__ R R C R C
* oregonense CushmanandGrant __________________________ __--_____--__-__________ R -___-__- _-______
*Elphidiellaarctica (Parkerand Jones) ________________________ __,-___________- ________ R ____ -___ R ___-
* groenlandica(Cushman) ________________________________ ________________________ C A R C R
Anomalinidae:
*Cz'bz'cides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob) ________________________ C C C C R R A A C R A
Dyocz’bz’cides bisen‘alis Cushman andValentine _________________ _,-_-___________________ R R -_______ R
Rupertiidae :
*RupertiastabilisWallich ____________________________________ C R R ____________-_________________-_
Nonionidae:
*Floriluslabmdoricus (Dawson) _______________________________ R ____ R R __4_ A C R ____----__,-
NonionellapulchellaHada ___________________________________ ____________________ C R ________-___-s__
* turgida (Williamson) ___________________________________ R R ____ ____ R R __________-____-____
turgidadigitataNevarng _________________________________ ________ R ___-__-_ R ____________-______-
*Pseudononz'on auricula (Heron-Allen and Earland) ______________ R R R R ________ C R R R
*Aslrononion gallowayi Loeblieh and Tappan ___________________ R ____ R ____ __A_________ R R 4___ C
Cassidulinidae:
Cassidulina caliform'ca Cushman and Hughes _________________ A A A A C ? A R R ____ C
* islandz’caNc‘rvang _____________________________________ “______4___,__‘ 4___ R ____ R ____ R ____
limbataCushmanandHughes __________________________ ____ R ________ ____________ A C ____
* norcrossiCushman ____________________________________ ____ R ____ R ________ R ____ ______-__-__
* subglobosaBrady? _____________________________________ R R R ________________________________
* teretisTappan ________________________________________ R R -____-__ _-_____- R R __-_ R --__
tortuosaCushmanandHughes __________________________ A A R R ____ R ________ --______
EhrenberginacompressaCushman ___________________________ C -___ R __-_ _-_____-____ ____-__________-
Chilostomellidae:
PulleniasalisburyiR.E.andK.C.Stewart __________________ C R C R -__________-__A,__-_._—_-____
Aragonitie family
Robertinidae:
* Robertz'na erotica d’Orbigny _________________________________ ____________________ _-__ ________4_______ R
Planktonic species
Globigerinidae :
* Globigerina bullm’des d’Orbigny ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, A A A C R R -_-_ es_.________ ?
* aft. G. eggeriRhumbler ________________________________ ____ .___ R _ __ ____ _____-____________-_____
* pachyderma (Ehrenberg) ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, C C C C ____ R __-_,,______ H”
quinquelobaNatland ___________________________________ 4___ R ____ ______,‘________ __-___,_-_,_ ____
Globigerinitaglutz'nata(Egger) ______________________________ __,_ R R R ______,___n__fi___-____
*Orbulinauniversad’Orbigny ________________________________ R R ,_,_ ,A,,____ R _________________-__
Globorotaliidae:
Globorotaliascitula (Brady) ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, R R R H" "HAHN" ,,,,____ ,,,,____

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ANALYSES OF SAMPLES
GULF OF ALASKA

The three shallowest Pamplona samples, taken near
the top of the searidge, are the richest in the present col-
lections: Pamplona 3, 4, and 7 contain 70, 71, and 72
species respectively. The two deepest l’amplona sam-
ples (5 and 8) contain more meager faunas, with 21 and
48 species respectively. The six fjordland samples
range from 20 to 4-8 in number of species per sample.

The three shallowest Pamplona samples are very sim-
ilar in species composition and are discussed in order of
increasing depth. Pamplona l, dredged from 85 fath—

 

oms on top of the searidge, contains a rich assemblage
dominated by (Vtssz'duiina caléfor'n/m and (7. fortuosa.
Other major constitutents are Karrerz'ella. baccata, Dor-
othin afi". I). bradyana, Quinqueloczflinu (Ikner/(ma, Fis—
sur‘im/ hie/YIN. Epom'dex isabeiieanus, 0565050368
lobatuius, and It’z([)e7~ti(l,_ stab/Zia. Pamplona 3, dredged
from 95 fathoms in a trench on top of the ridge at its
outer end, contains the same two dominant species.
lVith the exception of Rupert/(I, stab/71's (which is rare),
the major constituents are the same and occur with ap-
proximately the same abundance. In Pamplona 7,
dredged from 100 fathoms in a trench atop the ridge
closer to shore than the first two samples mentioned, the

RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA A7

same two species of Oassédrulina dominate the fauna.
Other major constituents, however, are somewhat differ-
ent as follows: Karreriella baccata, Dorothia aff. D.
brandy/(ma, Frond/eulare'a gigas, Fissurz'na Iucida, Um?-
germa peregrina, and Oibz'cz'des Zobatulus.

The two deepest Pamplona samples are noticeably dif—
ferent. The fauna of Pamplona 8, dredged from 133
to 148 fathoms on the east slope of the ridge, is much
less rich than those from the ridgetop. Uassa'dulina cal-
ifornéca is the single dominant species. Other species
occurring with significant percentages are Reophaw scor-
piums, Dorothea aff. D. bradyana, Goesella flintz'z',
Schenekiella primaeva, Quinqueloezdina alcnerz'cma.
Dentalina baggi, Urigerz'na peregrine, Epom'des isabel-
leanus, and Uibv'eides Zobatulus. Pamplona 5, dredged
from 205 fathoms 011 the west slope of the searidge, has
a still more meager fauna. Its single dominant species
is Goesella flintii. Only two others occur with signifi-
cant frequencies: (Yassz'dulina caiiforniea and Schenek-
éella primaeea.

Planktonic specimens (several species of Globigerina»)
are well represented in all the Pamplona Searidge sam—
ples, but none of the samples are dominated by plank-
tonics.

Taken as a whole, the samples from the searidge con—
tain, mostly as rare elements, 48 species that are un-
known from the samples from the fjordlands. These
differences may be not so much an effect of depth as a
result of the ecologic differences between the environ—
ment of a submarine ridge surrounded by the open sea
and subject to storm-generated and other bottom cur—
rents, as opposed to a fjordland environment. with its
locally strong tidal currents, enclosed basins, proximity
of the littoral zone, and inflowing of turbid glacial dis—
charge. Some of the connnoner species, characteristic
of the Pamplona Sea-ridge samples and not found in the
six samples from southeastern Alaska, are as follows:
Hyperammma elongate Brady?

Cribrostomoides rclcronis (Cushman and McCulloch)
Ammobaculifcs areaarius Natland
Dorofliia aff. D. bradyana Cushman
Goesella flintii Cushman

Schenkiella primaera (Cushman)
Sigmoilina distorfa Phleger and Parker
r‘ruc'iloeulina triangularis d’Orbigny

I’I/rgo respertilio (Schlumberger)

Robulus occidenta‘lis (Cushman)

Astacolus planulatus Galloway and Wissler
JIargimIlina glabra d’Orbigny

Dcntaliiza aff. D. subsoluta (Cushman)
Pscudonodosar’ia radieula (Linné)
Vugz'mtlinopsis bacheii (Bailey)

Lagcna laem’s (Montagu)

L. plioceniea Cushman and Gray

 

Guttulina orientalis Cushman and Ozawa
Polymorphina kmcaidi Cushman and Todd
Oolina heragonw (Williamson)

0. striatopunetata (Parker and Jones)

0. williamsom' (Alcoek)

Eponides isabelleanus (d’Orbigny)
Rupertia stabilis Wallich

Ehrenbergina compressa Cushman
Pullenia salisburyi R. E. and K. C. Stewart

SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

The faunas of the fjordland samples have little to
unite them; on the other hand, each appears to be dis-
tinctive and unique in composition.

A sample dredged from 215 fathoms in Clarence
Strait lacks any dominating species, but its major con-
stituents are Quinqueloeulina akneritma, Bolivim alata,
Globobulimma auriculata, Uvigerma peregrina, F Zor-
flux Zabradorieus. and Nonionella pulchella. This is
the only record for Bolivina alata in the present group
of 11 samples examined.

A rich and varied sample from Kasaan Bay dredged
between 47 and 57 fathoms also lacks any dominating
species. Its major constituents are Reap/Lam scorpz'urus,
Qumgueloeulma almerz'cma, Globobuliména (luréeulata,
Um'gerina peregrine, Angulogerina fluens, Oibiez'des
Zobatulus, Pseudonom'on auricula, and Uassz'dulina
ealz'form'ea.

A sample dredged from 25 fathoms in Excursion
Inlet is dominated by EZpiLidz'eZZa groenlandiea and
Cass/dulma Zimbata. Other major constituents are
Gaudry/na arenaria. Buecella frigida, Elphz'dz'um
frigidum, Uibicides Zobatulus, and Pseudomm'on
auricula.

In Taku Harbor, a sample dredged from about 12
fathoms is moderately rich but has no dominant species.
Among the more abundant species are Haplophrag-
722,027des plam'ssimus, 0assz‘dulinu limbam, Elphide'um
elaraz‘unz. and (Ubieides (obatulux.

In Lynn (lanal, a sample dredged from about 11
fathoms is, like that from Taku Harbor, only moder-
ately rich and lacks any dominating species. Its most
abundant species are Ammotium ecu-six, Uribrosz‘omoides
cram/marge. Eggere/ia «(ire/1a. [WP/1 idiella groenland—
inn. and [fume/Ia fr/g/(la.

At Gambier Bay, an extremely rich sample dredged
from 10 fathoms is dominated by Natalia columbiensis.
a species described and reported from comparable
depths in British Columbia but not found in any other
of our Alaska samples. Besides this dominant species,
the other major constituents are [Basal/nu ornatissima,
(lees-siduiina ealz’forr Zea. Astrommion gailowayi, and
Uzibz'eides lobanflus.

A8
COMPARISON WITH OTHER ASSEMBLAGES

Several reports on Foraminifera from Arctic regions
have furnished us with some knowledge of the probable
bottom assemblages typical of various depths, ecologic
conditions, and geographic locations in the Arctic from
the Kara Sea (Stschedrina, 1936; 1938), Novaya
Zemlya and Franz Josef Land (Brady, 1881; Stsched-
rina, 1964a), Spitzbergen (Nagy, 1965), Barents Sea
(Jarke, 1960), )Vhite Sea (Mayer, 1962), Iceland
(Norvang, 1945), Greenland (Stschedrina, 1947 ; 1964b;
Cushman, 1948), the Canadian Arctic (Phleger, 1952),
the northern coast of Alaska (Loeblich and T‘appan,
1953), and Chukchi Sea (Cooper, 1964). In addition,
Stschedrina (1959) in a summarization of data has
briefly described seven “standard” groups of Foramini—
fera characteristic of seven depth zones for Arctic and
North Pacific regions.

Many species from these circumpolar areas are pres-
ent. in our Alaska samples. Species present in our
southern Alaska samples that are absent in the Arctic
may be noted in table 2.

RECENT AGE

Cockbain’s (1963) quantitative studies of the F orami-
nifera in the Straits of Georgia and Juan de Fuca in
southwestern British Columbia provide a good compari—
son for our material from southeastern Alaska. The
Foraminifera in British Columbia (represented by 86
samples) include many of the same species present in our
samples from southeastern Alaska. The patchiness of
distribution in the two Canadian straits is similar to
what we have observed among the few samples we have.
Number of species per sample ranges between 1 and 35.

The assemblage in one sample from the Strait of Juan
de Fuca, namely station 135 at 30 meters (16 fathoms),
approaches that of Gambier Bay. In Cockbain’s station
135 (1963, table 2), Rosalind orna‘tissima constitutes 40
percent of the assemblage and the only two other species
having significant percentages are Cassidulina Zimbata
and Rotaléa columbiensés. At Gambier Bay, Rotalia,
cohombz'ensis is the dominant species, and the other two
are present in significant numbers.

In a beautifully illustrated report, Saidova (1961) de-
scribed and recorded, with quantitative details as to
depth range and geographic distribution, the bottom
faunas of Foraminifera from several areas in the west—
ern sector of the North Pacific namely from the Sea of
Okhotsk and the western part of the Bering Sea and off
the Kurile Islands and as far south as about 31° N., 01f
Japan. Among the rich assemblages in her report on
this large region are many species identical with and
others similar to (or only subspecifically distinct from)

 

CONTRIBUTIONS T0 PALE ONTOLOGY

those in our material. Where sampling coverage was
fairly complete, local distribution maps were included
for a few selected species (Saidova, 1961, text figs. 4, 6, 8,
9, 13, 14, and 16). Such maps present a picture of high-
ly localized distribution that is not necessarily coinci-
dent with depth and other environmental conditions, a
picture in line with what we have observed in our much
smaller and less completely sampled areas in the eastern
sector of the North Pacific. We may, therefore, postu—
late with some assurance that Foraminifera across the
northern part of the Pacific are generally similar, but
the bottom distribution patterns include small random
areas of high abundance of various species.

Thanks to Erk Reimnitz of Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, we were given the opportunity to exam~
ine mounted Foraminifera assemblages from several
short gravity cores, and a snapper sample taken 10—30
miles offshore from the Copper River delta in the Gulf
of Alaska, in an area some 90 miles west-northwest of
Pamplona Searidge. The samples come from depths
between 40 and 70 fathoms, and the species in them rep-
resent Recent faunas from the surface mud, as well as
faunas from the underlying glacial marine sediment
that Reimnitz interprets as Pleistocene from lithologic
and other considerations.

The assemblages from the tops of some of these cores
are rather meager and include E thidimn clwvatwm
(small, fragile specimens), E pistominella eitrea, Glo-
bobulimina auriculata, Buccella frigida, F lom'lus Zebra—
doricus, Uassz'dulina teretz’s, Quinqueloculim stalkeri,
Q. semimtlum, Pyrgo rota-lurid, Temtularia earlomdz',
Virgulina fusiformis, and Globigerina pachyderma.
These species are more frequent in and characteristic of
our fjordland samples than of our searidge ones.

A striking change in the assemblages is noted in the
older glacial marine sediment between 10 and 92 centi-
meters below the tops of these cores, as well as in local
exposures on the continental shelf. They are richer,
contain large and robust specimens, and are quite similar
to those from the Pamplona Searidge samples. Major
constituents in these lower core samples are Cassidulina
califomica, 0. limbata, 0. teretis, E thz'diu‘m clcwatwm
(large, robust individuals), Uvz'gerina. peregrina, Angu—
Zogcrz‘na flames. and Oibicédes Zobatulus. Minor consti—
tuents typical of the searidge samples that were also
present on this offshore shelf during the time represented
by the lower parts of the cores are Florilus Zabmdoricus,
Sigmomorphina triloculaw‘s, Pullenia salisburyi, La-
gena laem‘s, L. pliocenica, L. striata, F {S’s-urine Zucida.
Oolina borealis, Bolivia-a decussata, E pom'des isabelle—
anus, Globigem’na pachyderma, and G. bulloides. These
species reinforce the affinity of the lower core samples
with the Pamplona Searidge samples.

RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

From the constrast between the assemblage in the
Recent mud and the assemblage from the older glacial
marine sediment, we have speculated that. the latter is
characteristic of a somewhat greater water depth than
exists today. This can be only a speculation because the
depth from which the cores were taken (40—70 fathoms)
is not too shallow to support the species that are now
absent; they are absent for some other reason than ex-
clusion by shallowness of depth.

An alternative interpretation of the contrast between
the assemblage of the Recent mud and that of the under—
lying glacial marine sediment could conceivably be the
significant age difference between the Recent mud and
the older glacial marine sediments. The similarity be-
tween the Pamplona Searidge assemblages and those
from the lower parts of the cores, combined with their
dissimilarity from the assemblages from the tops of the
cores, may likewise be interpreted in two different ways.
First, the similarity may be regarded as evidence that
the glacial sediments underlying the Copper River delta
were deposited at greater water depths than the present
sediments of the delta. Or, alternatively, the similarity
may be regarded as evidence that the Pamplona Sea-
ridge sediments are equivalent in age to those of the
glacial sediments underlying the Copper River delta,
both being of Pleistocene age. We oppose this second
interpretation, namely that the similarity of assemblages
between the older sediments of the Copper River delta
and the Pamplona Searidge sediments is one of age
rather than of ecology.

It is a basic principle in F oraminifera as in other
groups of animals that ecologic contrasts are far greater
than age contrasts. In other words, when faunas are
either similar or dissimilar, they are much likelier to
be so for ecologic reasons than for age reasons. And as
a corollary, using Foraminifera as an example, even
Miocene assemblages from deep-sea oozes and littoral
deposits have much more in common with their respec-
tive Recent counterparts (Recent deep-sea oozes and
littoral deposits) than they have in common with each
other.

Comparison was made with the Foraminifera in a
series of Recent samples from marine till, rhythmically
interbedded sediment, and terrace deposits of glacial
origin in the northern part. of southeastern Alaska
(from near Juneau out to Cape Fairweather on the
coast of the Gulf of Alaska) ; these sediments are
elevated above sea level, some as much as 500 feet. The
assemblages in these unconsolidated deposits, although
much less rich than the present six bottom samples from
the fjordland of southeastern Alaska, have much in
common with them.

In all these elevated deposits, Elphz'dz'um clacat’um

237—376 O—GTi-g2

 

A9

is strongly dominant. This species, although occurring
rarely on the searidge and rarely to commonly in four
of the fjordland samples, is not found as a dominant
species in any of our samples. Occurring with this
dominating species, E lphidz'um clavatum, the following
additional species comprise most of the remainder of
the fauna from these unconsolidated sediments:
Buccclla frigida (Cushman)

Cassidulina islandica N¢rvang

0. terctis Tappan

Elphidium bartletti Cushman

E. frigtdum‘ Cushman

Florilus labradom'cus (Dawson)

Pseudonoaion wum’cula (Heron-Allen and Earland)

Pyrgo lucermtlla (Schwager)

Quinqueloculi‘aa akaem‘ana d’Orbigny

Q. stalkem‘ Loeblich and Tappan

Virgulina fusiformis (Williamson)

All these species are known from our fjordland sam-
ples and half of them occur on the searidge (table 2),
but no major species characteristic of the searidge
occur in the elevated Recent glacial deposits.

In a reconnaissance study of Foraminifera in a series
of bottom samples dredged on the shallow shelf bor-
dering the eastern part of the northern coast of Siberia,
namely from the Chukchi Sea through the East Siberian
Sea to the Laptev Sea, an impoverished fauna of F0-
raminifera was identified (Todd and Low, 1966) con-
sisting chiefly of species of Elphz'dimn and various
arenaceous genera. Although poor in species, as well
as in specimens, nearly half of the composite assemblage
found in this shelf traverse occur also in the south-
eastern Alaska fjordland, and a few additional ones
are found also in our samples from Pamplona Searidge.
The chief species in common between the fjordland and
the shallow shelf along the Arctic Ocean are:
Ammotium cassis (Parker)

B uccclla frigida (Cushman)

C’assidulma islandica Nervang

(7. tcrefis T‘appan

Cibic‘idcs loba‘tulus (Walker and Jacob)

Eggcrella advent; (Cushman)

Elphidium clarafzun (Cushman)

Pseudononim auricula (Heron-Allen and Earland)

Reophaa scorpiurus Montfort

All these species are widely known both in the Arctic
and elsewhere.

Comparison with a distant group of cold-water sam-
ples, namely some from off the coast of Chile received
from Dr. Fritz Theyer of the Institute Central de
Biologia of the Universidad de Concepcion, provided
some striking similarities as well as some contrasts.
Nine rich samples taken by the Expedicién Mar Chile
I between lat 31° and 42°56’ S. and long 72°38’ and
74°30’ W. and at depths between 60 and 260 meters

A10

(about 33—145 fathoms) contained mostly species com-
pletely unrelated to anything in our Alaska collections,
such as species of Cyclamzmina, Tami/alarm, Hoeglwn—
dina, and Valvulineria. The following species present
in our Alaska samples are, however, also present off
Chile:

Angulogerina fluens Todd

Cassidulma caliform’oa Oushman and Hughes

Uibicidcs lo‘batulus (Walker and Jacob)

Ehrenbergina compressa Cushman

Globobulimma auriculata (Bailey)

Goesella flintii Cushman

Reopham scorpiurus Montfort

Schenekiella primaeva (Cushman)

Uvigem'mz peregrine ‘Cushman

These and other Chilean samples are in process of study
by Drs. Fritz Theyer and Esteban Boltovskoy, hence
will not be discussed here other than to say that they
give evidence of the extensive geographic distribution
of cold-water species in both the Northern and
Southern Hemispheres.

PLEISTOCENE 0R PLIOCENE AGE

There are three reported fossil occurrences with which
our Recent assemblages may be compared.

Cushman (1941) reported and illustrated the occur—
rence of 18 species in the Submarine Beach deposit about
a mile N. 60° W. of Nome, Alaska. Specimens of
E thidiella appear to be the dominating forms. Re-
examination of the total assemblage indicates that there
is very little similarity between it and any of our pres—
ent assemblages. In terms of the currently used tax-
onomy, only three species—Elphddium bartletti Cush-
man, E lphz’dz'ella gmenlcmdica (Cushman), and Buc—
cella ffigida (Cushman)—~are found both at Nome and
in our fjordland samples.

Cushman and Todd (1947) described and illustrated
an assemblage of Foraminifera from a quarry on Am-
chitka Island in the Aleutian chain. The assemblage,
interpreted as Pleistocene or Pliocene in age, was much
richer than that at Nome and shows considerable
resemblance to our present assemblages. Of the 51
species reported from Amchitka, 19 are the same as ours:
5 in the searidge samples only, 4 in the fjordland
samples only, and 10 in both.

In 1953, Miller (1953, table 6) recorded a list of
Foraminifera identified by A. R. Loe‘blich, Jr., from
seven samples representing more than 3,000 feet of
section exposed around the coast of Middleton Island
in the Gulf of Alaska. Middleton Island is a small
low island well out in the Gulf of Alaska, at about
lat 59°25’ N. and long 146°20’ W., that surmounts a
rise near the margin of the continental shelf. It is thus
only about 130 miles west of Pamplona Searidge.

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

The original interpretation of age based on fossils
(Miller, 1953, p. 31) favored a Pleistocene age but did
“not preclude either a Pliocene age or a Recent age.”
Miller (1953, p. 32) thought, however, that the degree
of induration and the regional setting possibly favored
Pliocene rather then Pleistocene. F. S. MacNeil, in
an unpublished study based on marine mollusks (written
commun. August 12, 1963), recognized two well—defined
pecten zones at Middleton Island and dated the lower
part of the section as late Pliocene or early Pleistocene
and the upper part as “late early or middle Pleistocene,
probably pre-Yarmouth.”

Reexamination of the Foraminifera from the seven
samples (mentioned above) taken from the Middleton
Island section shows a poorly preserved fauna having
some close similarities to the fauna now present on
the searidge. In all but one sample near the middle of
the section, the assemblages are dominated by Cassidu-
Zim calz'foméca and 0. Zimbata and (or) 0. tortuosa.
Poor preservation makes precise determination dif-
ficult; hence the distinction between 0. Zimbata and U.
tortuosa, both of which have angled peripheries, is not
clear. In the one excepted sample, near the middle
of the section, E lphidiella arctica is dominant. This
species was not found on the searidge but only in two of
our fjordland samples, where it occurred rarely.

AGE OF PAMPLONA SEARIDGE SAMPLES

Although the samples obtained from Pamplona
Searidge came from the surface of the sea bottom, there
are several reasons for believing they are not strictly
Recent. By their manner of collection—dredging—the
samples undoubtedly include a mixture of modern and
older sediments. Their position, where currents may
have tended to sweep clean the top and sides of an
undersea ridge, suggests the likelihood that the sedi-
ments are not contemporary. Their lithology—mud,
clay, or sand with an admixture of pebbles and cobbles—
is evidence of current winnowing on the top and sides
of the searidge. In an open-sea environment, a strictly
Recent deposit would not include pebbles and cobbles.
The poor state of preservation of some but not all the
specimens, such as worn and fragmentary specimens
and opacity of normally translucent tests, likewise is
suggestive that the fauna consists of a mixture of
contemporary and ancient specimens.

In spite of this circumstantial evidence of age, we
noted no species that we believe to be extinct. There
is one clue, however, which may be interpreted either
as supporting evidence of a. pre-Recent age or as evi-
dence of admixture of older specimens into the
assemblage: namely the coiling ratio of Globigem'na
pacing/(lama.

RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

Use of coiling ratios of Globigem'na paohyde'rma has
been proposed by Bandy (1960) to permit refinement of
age determinations in the late Cenozoic of southern
California. There the modern population is dextral,
going back about 11,000 years. Coiling—ratio provinces
are very imperfectly known and are apparently local
and probably fluctuating. In California, specimens
in the upper Pleistocene and the middle Pliocene are
consistently sinistral, while those in the upper and lower
Pliocene are dominantly dextral. An identical alter—
nation of coiling ratios is not to be expected to extend as
far north as the Gulf of Alaska where coiling ratio of
the modern population is 97—100 percent sinistral for
Globigem'na patchy/dam.

While the coiling ratio of living specimens of the
species in the North Pacific is almost exclusively sinis-
tral, our specimens of Globigem'na packyderma are only
about 65 percent sinistral.

Upon reexamination of an older record of G. patchy-
demna in the North Pacific, we find that there the
coiling is 100 percent dextral; this reported occurrence
by Cushman and Todd (1947) was from Amchitka
Island in the Aleutians and was interpreted as
Pleistocene or Pliocene.

Patsy Smith (written commun., Jan. 24, 1966) has
provided us with information on the coiling ratios of
Globige'rina patchyderma in four samples of the Middle-
ton Island section. In MacNeil’s upper zone, inter-
preted as late early or middle Pleistocene, in two samples
where Globigem'na patchy/dermal is common to abundant,
the coiling ratios are 46 and 16 percent sinistral. In
MacNeil’s lower zone, interpreted as late Pliocene or
early Pleistocene, the coiling ratios are 80 and 44 percent
sinistral.

We therefore conclude that the admixture of fossil
specimens of Globigem‘na prm/zydemna having lower sin-
istral ratios is responsible for the lowering of the
sinistral ratio from the nearly 100 percent, which is typi-
cal of Recent G. patchy/demon in the Gulf of Alaska, to
the observed 65 percent in the Pamplona samples.

A possible Pleistocene—Recent boundary in the Gulf
of Alaska was proposed by Smith (1963) on the basis
of some changes of the benthonic assemblages of Foram—
inifera in three deep-sea cores. These cores were taken
from the continental shelf southwest of Kodiak Island
at depths of 117, 146, and 240 meters (about 65—130
fathoms), depths comparable with those of the Pam—
plona Searidge samples. In these cores Smith noted a
change from boreal faunas in the upper parts to arctic
faunas in the lower parts and adopted the transition
between these two faunas as possibly the Pleistocene—
Recent boundary.

 

All

In one of the cores showing the boundary between
boreal and arctic assemblages, the Foraminifera in 12
samples are quantitatively recorded from three samples
above the boundary and nine below. Out of a total of
60 benthonic species recorded, 44 are rare and (or) of
negligible significance in connection with the boundary,
leaving 16 common to abundant in one or both parts of
the core. Of these, one is distributed more or less equally
throughout the core, seven are restricted to the upper
part (but three of these cross the boundary), and eight
are restricted to the lower part (but one of these crosses
the boundary).

Of the eight taxa that characterize the lower part of
the core, Smith (1963, p. C77) has taken the five that
are also characteristic of the Recent faunas around Point
Barrow as diagnostic of the Pleistocene in the Gulf of
Alaska. Whether the sediment from the lower parts
of these cores was or was not deposited before the end
of the Pleistocene can probably not be proved or dis-
proved on the basis of evidence presented by Smith.
Nevertheless, it seems most unlikely that the disappear-
ance of the three species and a subspecies, plus a ques-
tionably identified species listed by Smith (1963, p.
C77) as characteristic of her Pleistocene core section,
can be accepted as diagnostic of Pleistocene elsewhere
because they are all (except the questionably identified
one) well known and widely distributed in the Recent.

Taking into consideration the probability of different
specific names being assigned to the same species by
different authors, we have found all but two of the taxa
named by Smith (1963, p. C77) as characterizing the
upper (boreal and Recent) fauna and the lower (arctic
and Pleistocene) one in the cores to be present in our
material.

The whole question of a Pleistocene-Recent boundary
remains vague, especially in high latitude regions that
approach the location of present-day continental or
piedmont glaciers. All one can say of the faunal boun—
dary in the cores 011 the continental shelf is that it is
evidence of a climatic change which might be Pleisto—
cene. But to utilize any of these arctic species as evi-
dence of mixing of Pleistocene with Recent or to base
Pleistocene correlations on species characteristic of the
fauna below the boundary seems premature.

CONCLUSIONS

Depth zonations of Foraminifera are undoubtedly
a result of a combination of many factors other than
water depth alone, and probably some of these other fac-
tors exert more influence than depth in some localities.
It is not to be expected that Foraminifera characteristic
of a coastal environment, near sea level, would neces—
sarily be identical with or even similar to those from an

A12

identical depth surrounded by open-sea conditions. As
a result of comparison of the dredge samples from Pam-
plona Searidge with the fjordland samples, as well as
with other assemblages of F oraminifera already re-
ported from comparable regions and comparable eco-
logic conditions, .we have failed to find any positive
evidence that the ridge was formerly at a higher eleva—
tion nearer sea level. The Foraminifera, however, show
nothing that would rule out such an interpretation.

In connection with the speculation that Pamplona
Searidge may be the foundered remnant of “Pamplona
Rock,” it is of interest to note the results of some sur-
veys made after the Alaskan earthquake of March 27,
1964. Data pertaining to tilting and vertical movement
of the sea floor around Montague Island, only 180 miles
west of the searidge, are discussed by Malloy (1965).
Abrupt and large-scale changes of elevation of the sea
floor along sea floor scarps are illustrated (Malloy, 1965,
figs. 1, 6, 7, 8, 9). It is a curious coincidence that the
northeast alinements of Pamplona Searidge, Middleton
Island, and Montague Island are approximately parallel
and that the highest elevations are at the southwest ends
of these features (Miller, 1953, fig. 2; Malloy, 1965,
p. 23).

Evidence in the form of raised terraces on the islands
and along the coast of the Gulf of Alaska, however, indi-
cates general emergence rather than subsidence of the
shelf.

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS

ARENACEOUS FAMILIES
Family ASTRORHIZIDAE
Genus RHABDAMMINA M. Sars, 1869
Rhabdammina abyssorum M. Sal‘s?

Plate 1, figure 1

Two short broken fragments of large arenaceous tubes
were found at Pamplona 3; they appear closely related
to Rhabdmmnina abyssomm M. Sars (Brady, 1884, p.
266, pl. 21, figs. 1—8, 10—13). One has an outside diam-
eter of 1.0 mm, the other an outside diameter of 1.3 mm.
Sand grains composing the test reach a maximum diam-
eter of about 0.5 mm; consequently the surface is rough.

These tubular fragments may be broken—off pieces
of a single—chambered form with radiating arms, but
this possibility cannot be verified, as no evidence of the
enlarged central part. has been observed in our material.
The possibility of these being worm tubes seems unlikely
but cannot be ruled out.

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALE ONTOLOGY

Family RHIZAMMINIDAE
Genus RHIZAMMINA Brady, 1879

Rhizammina indivisa Brady
Plate 1, figure 2

Rhizammina indivisa Brady, 1884, Challenger Rept., Zoology.
v. 9, p. 277, pl. 29, figs. 5—7.

A single typical specimen was found at Pamplona 4.
The test is flexible when moistened. The membranous
tube is collapsed, with the plane of flattening different
in various parts of the test. Sand grains and sponge
spicules are attached to the membranous lining appar—
ently without order.

Rhizammina? sp.
Plate 1, figure 3

In the Kasaan Bay sample dredged from 47 to 57
fathoms, a species represented by broken tubular sec-
tions was found. The agglutinated tubular sections
are 0.5—0.6 mm in diameter and distinctive in being
very thin walled and flexible. The inner surface is
smooth and appears to be lined chiefly by sponge
spicules arranged transverse to the length of the tube.
The outer surface is very rough and composed of sand
grains, sponge spicules, and tests of other Foraminifera.
Invariably when a sand grain has one dimension longer
than another, the grain is oriented with that longer
dimension transverse to the length of the tube. As a
result, the test appears as if it were transversely
crinkled. Because of its property of flexibility and
ability to spring back when pressed with a needle, the
test is assumed to have a chitinous cement.

The generic assignment is questioned because among
our specimens, all of which are fragmentary, there is
no evidence of a branching, tapering, or curved shape.
Otherwise, particularly in the flexibility of the test, the
specimens appear to belong in the Rhizamminidae.

Family SACCAMMINIDAE
Genus PSAMMOSPHAERA Schulze, 1875
Psammosphaera fuses. Schulze
Plate 1. figure 4

Psammosphacra fusca Brady, 1884, Challenger Rept., Zoology,
v. 9, p. 249.1)1. 18, figs. 1, 5A7.

A single specimen, about 2.6 mm in diameter, was

found at Pamplona 3. It is built of coarse sand grains

(individual grains as much as 1.3 mm in length) and

RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

a few broken sponge spicules. It is cemented with
ferruginous cement and rather smoothly finished. The
small irregular aperture exists as an unfilled crevice
between sand grains. The wall is rigid and appears to
be thin and only one sand grain thick.

Genus SACCAMMINA M. Sars, 1869
Saccammina difllug‘iformis (Brady)
Plate 1, figure 5
Reopham difi‘luglformis Brady, 1884, Challenger Rept, Zoology,
v.9, p. 289, pl. 30, figs. 1—5.
Saccammlna difl‘luglformis (Brady). Todd and Bronnimann,
1957, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 3, p.
22, pl. 1, fig. 15.

One specimen was found at Pamplona 8. It is neatly
constructed of a single layer of coarse and angular sand
grains. The large size of the grains results in a highly
irregular surface both inside and out, although smoothly
finished.

In this species, construction of the test varies with
the nature of the sea bottom, as was pointed out and
illustrated by Brady (1884, p. 290, contrast figs. 3, 4,
and 5). He noted that “especially in the northern habi-
tats where the species is most plentiful, the test. is con—
structed of coarse sand and has a very rough exterior,
as shown in figure 5.” Our specimen is comparable to
Brady’s figure 5 but is nearly twice as large.

Relation between size and construction of test is strik-
ingly shown by the contrast between this specimen from
Alaskan waters and those recorded from off Trinidad in
the Gulf of Paria. Even a single sand grain in the
Alaska specimen is larger than the entire test of the
Trinidad ones. Yet, they are believed to be substan-
tially the same: an agglutinated single—chambered test
with one end drawn out into a tubelike aperture.

Genus PELOSINA Brady, 1879
Pelosina variabilis Brady
Plate 1, figure 7
Pelosina cariabllis Brady, 1884, Challenger Rept., Zoology, v.
9, p. 235, pl. 26, figs. 7—9.

Typical specimens were found in Pamplona samples
3, 4, 5, and 8 and at Kasaan Bay. The shapes are vari—
able; most are elongate and baglikc, and most specimens
are collapsed. The thick wall of compacted mud is
usually cracked and crumbling.

This species is characteristic of deep and cold water.

Family HYPERAMMINIDAE
Genus HYPERAMMINA Brady, 1878
Hyperammina elongate Brady?
Plate 1, figures 11, 12

Although we have found fairly common specimens in

 

A18

all the searidge samples, none shows the bulbous initial
end. For this reason the identification must remain
questionable. Observa'ble features which do support
placement. of the specimens in the genus Hyperammz'na
are (a) rigidity of the test, (b) smooth surface of inte-
rior of the tubes, (c) rough exterior surface, and (d)
presence of faint transverse constrictions. Specimens
are somewhat. larger in diameter than typical specimens
of Hypermmnz'na elongata Brady (1884, p. 257, pl. 23,
figs. 4, 7, 8), approaching the diameter of H. fm'abz'lis
Brady (1884, p. 258, pl. 23, figs. 1—3, 5, 6). They do not,
however, have the friable outer surface characteristic
of that species.

Genus SACCORI-IIZA Eimer and Fickert, 1899
Saccorhiza ramosa (Brady)?
Plate 1, figure 9

Two broken fragments from Pamplona 5 indicate the
presence of a species consisting of a slender thin-walled
arenaceous tube about 0.5 mm in diameter composed of
a mixture of sand grains and small broken pieces of
sponge spicules. The surface of the tube is decorated
by longer, more complete spicules incorporated in the
wall so that one end protrudes out at a slight angle, and
the free protruding ends of the spicules are alined ap-
proximately with the length of the tube and all extend-
ing toward one end. The tubes are slightly tapering
and slightly curved. As no evidence of branching was
observed, the species can be only questionably placed in
Saccorhz'm mmosa (Brady, 1884, p. 261, pl. 23, figs.
15—19).

Genus PSAMMATODENDRON Norman, 1881
Psammatodendron arborescens Norman
Plate 1, figure 6

Hyperamm'ina arborcsccns, Norman, sp. Brady, 1884, Chal-
lenger Rept., Zoology, v. 9, p. 262, pl. 28, figs. 12, 13.

Rare but typical fragments of this species were found
in Lynn Canal and Pamplona 4 and 8. The tubes are
only 0.15 mm in diameter and are smooth surfaced and
brown. The one illustrated extends into three instead
of the customary two branches.

Although originally named by Norman (see Brady,
1881, p. 404), the species was not illustrated until the
publication of the Challenger Report. At that time,
Brady (1884) placed it in the genus H ypemnwnéna,
stating he found “no characters not already provided
for in the definition of the genus Hypermnmz'na.” The
generic distinctions now maintained for the genus
Psammafodcndron are its branching growth habit and
its attachment by a bulbous proloculum.

A14

Family RE‘OPHACIDAE
Genus REOPHAX Montfort, 1808
Reophax insectus Goés
Plate 1, figure 8

Reophaw insectus Goes, 1896, Harvard 0011., Mus. Comp. Zo-
ology Bu11., v. 29, p. 28, pl. 3, figs. 6, 7.
Cushman, 1910, [1.8. Natl. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 1, p. 89, text
fig. 124.

This large species was found only at Pamplona 7.
Although the wall is built of a mixture of fine to coarse
sand grains, the size and shape of the test conform to
that described for Reopham insectus, which was origin—
ally reported from off Mexico and near the Galapagos
Islands, between 772 and 995 fathoms. It was also
found at 617—680 fathoms off San Diego.

Our specimens measure between 3.5 and 6 mm ( incorri-
plete lengths), and maximum observed diameter of the
final chamber is about 2 mm. Sand grains up to 1 mm
in length are used in the construction of the tests, but
the matrix consists of very fine sand and the surface is
smoothly finished and in some specimens slightly pol—
ished in appearance.

Reophax scorpiurus Montfort
Plate 1. figures 13. 14

Reophagc scorpiums Montfort. 1808, Conchyliologie systemati-
que, v. 1, p. 330—331.

This well-known and cosmopolitan species occurs in
all but. one of our samples and is common to abundant at
Pamplona 8 and Kasaan Bay.

Most of the specimens used sand grains averaging
0.3 mm in length and included grains as long as 0.8 mm.
As a result of the very large size of grains relative to
the size of the chambers, the complete tests are very
irregularly shaped, some appearing merely as rough
agglomerations of angular sand grains.

A few specimens from Taku Harbor were built of
finer grains (averaging 0.06 mm in diameter) but other—
wise seem identical.

Family AMMODISCIDAE
Genus AMMODISCUS Reuss, 1861

Ammodiscus arenaceus (Williamson)

Plate 2, figure 12

Spirillina arenacca Williamson, 1858. Recent Foram. Great
Britain, Ray Soc, 1). 93, pl. 7, fig. 203.
Ammodiezrus incortus (d’Orbigny). Cushman. 1918, U.S. Natl.

Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 1, p. 95, pl. 39, figs. 1—8.
This widely recorded species has long been known
under the name of Ammodiscus incerz‘us (d’Orbigny).
That name, however, was shown (Loeblich and Tappan,

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALE ONTOLOGY

1954, p. 308) to be not available for the coiled arenaceous
tubes to which it had been given because the species
incertus (originally placed in Operculim) was in real-
ity a species of Cornuspim. The form described from
Recent material around the British Isles, although
smaller than usual for this species, seems to be the same
as that formerly known as Ammodificus imertus.

A few typical specimens were found at Pamplona 4
and at Kasaan Bay.

Ammodiscus gullmarensis Hfiglund
Plate 2, figure 9
Ammodt’scus planus He'glund, 1947 (not Loeblich, 1946), Z001.
Bidrag frén Uppsala, v. 26, p. 123, pl. 8, figs. 2, 3, 8; pl. 28, .
figs. 17, 18 ; text figs. 85—89, 105, 106, 109.
Ammodiscus gullmarcnsis Hiiglund, 1948, Cushman Lab. Forani.
Research Contr., v. 24, p. 45.
Phleger, 1952, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., v.
3. p. 83, pl. 13, figs. 8, 9.

Rare specimens of this minute species were found at
four of our localities. The other records include Gull—
mar Fjord, Sweden, at 24—79 meters, and many stations
in the Canadian and Greenland Arctic.

Family LITUOLIDAE
Genus HAPLOPHRAGMOIDES Cushman, 1910
Haplophragmoides bradyi (Robertson)

Haplophmgmoides bradyi (Robertson). Hfiglund, 1947, Z001.
Bidrag frfin I’ppsala, v. 26. p. 134, pl. 10, fig. 1; text fig.
111.
Haplophragmoidcs ncobradyi Uchio, 1960, Cushman Found.
Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 5, p. 51, pl. 1, figs. 15, 16.
This species, small for the genus, is distinguished by
its incompletely involute coiling and its very smooth
polished wall. It has been widely recorded on both sides
of the Atlantic, in the Antarctic, and off San Diego,
Calif.
Two single specimens were found at Kasaan Bay and
Clarence Strait. ‘

Haplophragmoides planissimus Cushman
Plate 1. figure 27

Hap/0p]:ragmoidcs plunixximw Cushman, 1927, Scripps Inst.
Oceanography Bull., Tech. ser., v. 1, no. 10, p. 135, pl. 1,
fig. 6.

Typical specimens of this strongly compressed and
coarsely arenaceous species were rather common in Ex-
cursion Inlet and Taku Harbor, and a single specimen
was found at Pamplona 8. Previous records of this
species indicate that it is found along the southern
California coast, off Costa Rica, southern Brazil, and
off southern British Columbia and the San Juan Islands
of W'ashington.

RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

Haplophragmoides sphaeriloculus Cushman
Plate 1, figure 20

Haplophragmoides sphacriloculum Cushman, 1910, U.S. Natl.
Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 1, p. 107, text fig. 165.

Two specimens from Pamplona 4 appear to belong in
> this species. The chambers are globular but laterally
compressed; the periphery is lobulate, the sutures are
radial and depressed, the umbilicus is depressed, and
the' final whorl is composed of four chambers with part
of a fifth one showing.

Previous records of this species indicate it is found in
the Pacific, Atlantic, and Antarctic.

Genus CRIBROSTOMOIDES Cushman, 1910

This name is used for those species that differ from
Haplophmgmoe‘des in having an interio-areal aperture
and from Alveolophmgmium in having a simple in-
stead of an alveolar wall.

Cribrostomoides crassimargo (Norman)
Plate 1, figure 24

Labrospim crassimargo (Norman). Hoglund, 1947, Z001. Bidrag
fran Uppsala, V. 26, p. 141, pl. 11, fig. 1 ; text figs. 121—125.

Alveolophragmium crassi'margo (Norman). Loeblich and Tap-
pan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 121, no. 7, p. 29,
pl. 3, figs. 1—3.

This species has been reported from cold waters of
both the Arctic and Antarctic as well as elsewhere. We
found typical specimens in most of our samples.

Specimens are typically, but not invariably, orange.
The test is deeply umbilicate and the sutures incised, re-
sulting in a faintly lobulate periphery. The wall is
simple and built mostly of fine material but has a few
very large grains incorporated in, and sometimes pro-
j ecting outward from, the smoothly finished wall. Su-
perficially, Cribrostomoédes crassimargo is indistin-
guishable from Alveolophmgnu'um orbiculatum. Stsche—
drina from the Japan Sea, but it is easily separable when
the test is broken revealing the alveolar wall of the lat—
ter species.

Cribrostomoides jeffreysii (Williamson)
Plate 1, figure 21

Nanionz‘na jeffreysii Williamson, 1858, Recent Foram. Great Brit-
ain, Ray Soc, 1). 34, ,pl. 3, figs. 72, 73.
Labrospim jcffrcysi (Williamson). Hdglund. 1947, Zool. Bidrag
frfin ['ppsala, v. 26, p. 146, pl. 11. fig. 3: text figs. 128, 129
on p. 139.
Parker. 1952, Harvard ColI., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v.
106, no. 9, p. 401, pl. 2, figs. 15, 17—20.
Phleger, 1952, Cushman Found. Foram. Research C0ntr., v.
3,p.85,pl. 13, figs. 14,15.
Alveolophragmium jeffrcysi (Williamson). Loeblich and Tap-
pan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 121, no. 7. p. 31, pl.
3, figs. 4—7.

 

A175

Haplophmgmoides columbiensis Cushman. Cushman and Mc-
Culloch, 1939 (not Cushman, 1925), Allan Hancock Pacific
Exped, v. 6, no. 1, p. 72, pl. 5, figs.\8—10.

Cushman, 1944, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub.
12, p. 11, pl. 2, fig. 1.

Cushman and Todd, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research
Spec. Pub. 21, p. 4, pl. 1, fig 6.

Parker, 1948, Harvard Coll., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v.
100, no. 2, p. 238, pl. 4, fig. 17.

This beautiful species was found rarely in several of
our samples. It is characterized by its compressed test,
that is umbilicate and incompletely involute, by its thin
and smoothly finished wall, and by its dowward-pro-
truding, siphunclelike aperture.

As indicated in the above synonymy, the species is
widely distributed in cold water of Sweden and the Brit-
ish Isles, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, and along
the Pacific coast of North America.

Cribrostomoides scitulus (Brady)
Plate 1, figure 19

Haplophragmium scitulum Brady, 1884, Ghallenger Repts., Zo-
ology, v. 9, p. 308, pl. 34, figs. 11—13.

Haplophragmm‘des scitulus (Brady). Earland, 1934, Discovery
Repts., V. 10, p. 88, pl. 10, figs. 20, 21.

Cushman and McCulloch, 1939, Allan Hancock Pacific Ex-

ped., v. 6, no. 1, p. 78, pl. 6, fig. 4.

Alveolophragmium scitulum (H. B. Brady). Parker, 1954, Har-
vard 0011., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 111, no. 10, p. 487,
pl. 1, figs. 20, 21.

Rare specimens of this widely distributed cold-water
species were found in four of our samples. It is a com-
pact close—coiled form, nearly as thick as broad, and has
small and usually deep umbilici. The chambers are not
inflated, and the wall is smoothly finished. The interio-
areal aperture is surrounded by a sharp rim.

Cribrostomoides veleronis (Cushman and McCulloch)
Plate 1, figure 22

Haplophmgmoides vcle’rom's Cushman and )IcCulloch, 1939,
Allan Hancock Pacific Exped, v. 6, no. 1, p. 82, pl. 7, fig. 2.

Alveolophragmium velerom‘s (Cushman and McCulloch). Uchio,
1960, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 5, pl.
2, fig. 1.

We found only four specimens on the searidge of this
distinctive species that has previously been known from
off Guadalupe Island, Mexico, and off San Diego.

It resembles Um'brostomoides scitulws in shape and
texture of wall but differs in that umbilici are broad and
deep, as a result of the coiling being not completely in-
volute. The inner edges of the chambers overhang the
umbilici. Moreover, the chambers increase more in
breadth than in height as added, thus giving the impres-
sion that the test is flattened around the periphery.

A16

Genus RECURVOIDES Earland, 1934
Recurvoides contortus Earland
Plate 1, figure 29
Recurvoidcs contortus Earland, 1934, Discovery Repts., v. 10,
p. 91, pl. 10, figs. 7—19; 1936, idem, v. 13, p. 35, pl. 1, figs.
20—22.

This species was found only rarely in three of our
samples. It was described from the Antarctic but, as
pointed out by Earland, has been reported from other
areas under other names and is probably widely dis-
tributed in cold or deep waters.

It is characterized by the smooth umbilical bulge on
one side, a result of the change of axis of coiling. Our
specimens have a fine-grained and smoothly finished, al-
most glossy, surface. The interio-areal aperture sur-
rounded by a projecting rim is well shown. Ream“-
lvoides contortus, as represented by a topotype in the
US. National Museum collection (USNM 640980) is
distinguishable from R. turbinatus (Brady), a species
that has been widely recorded in the Arctic, by its larger
and proportionally flatter test.

Recurvoid‘es turbinatus (Brady)
Plate 1, figure 23

Haplophragmium turbinatum Brady, 1884, Challenger Rept.,
Zoology, v. 9, p. 312, pl. 35 fig. 9.
Recurvoides turbinatus (Brady). Loeblich and Tappan, 1953,
Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 121, no. 7, p. 27, pl. 2, fig. 11.
A few typical specimens were found in our samples
from Excursion Inlet. The species is characterized by
its streptospiral coiling resulting in a test involute on
one side and evolute on the other. The elongate areal
aperture is set at an angle on the periphery. The cham-
bers are not inflated but are somewhat irregular in
shape, and the whole test appears deformed.
The species probably has a wide distribution, mostly
in cold waters.

Genus AMMOBACULITES Cushman, 1910
Ammobaculites arenarius Natland
Plate 1, figure 26

Ammobaculites arenaria Natland, 1938, Scripps Inst. Ocean-
ography Bull. Tech., sen, v. 4, no. 5, p. 139, pl. 3, figs. 7, 8.

Typical specimens occur rarely in two of the samples
from Pamplona Searidge. This species was described
from off California and reported to occur commonly in
the San Pedro Channel, within the depth interval of
243—610 meters (or about 133~333 fathoms).

Genus AMMOTIUM Loeblich and Tappan, 1953
Ammotium cassis (Parker)

Plate 1, figure 25

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

Ammonium cassis (Parker). Loeblich and T‘appan, 1953, Smith-

sonian Misc. 001111., v. 121, no. 7, p. 33, pl. 2, figs 12—18.

This widley distributed Arctic and cold-water species

occurs rather commonly in our samples from Excursion

Inlet and Lynn Canal but was not found on the searidge.
So far as we know, it is not known from the Antarctic.

Family TEXTULARIIDAE
Genus SPIROPLECTAMMINA Cushman, 1927
Spiroplectammina biformis (Parker and Jones)
Plate 2, figures 4, 5

Spiroplectammma biformis (Parker and Jones). Oushman,
1948, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 23,
p. 30, pl. 3, figs. 7, 8.

This small finely arenaceous species vas found only
in the Excursion Inlet sample. It has been widely
recorded from cold waters in both Northern and South-
ern Hemispheres.

Family VERNEUILINIDAE
Genus GAUDRYINA d’Orbigny, 1839
Gaudryina arenaria Galloway and Wissler
Plate 1, figure 28; plate 2, figure” 3

Gaudryina arenaria Galloway and Wissl‘er. Cushman and
McGulloch, 1939, Allan Hancock, Pacific Exped, v. 6, no. 1,
p. 91, pl. 8, figs. 2, 3.

This species, which is widely known in the Pliocene,
Pleistocene, and Recent along the western coast of
North America and in Japan, is found commonly or
rarely in six of our samples from both the searidge and
fjordland. In most of our specimens the wall is com—
posed of finer material than in the type.

Occurring together with the typically angular speci-
mens of this species are a few smoothly rounded ones.
As there appears to be gradation between these two
extremes, they are regarded as variants. An example
of each is illustrated.

Family VALVULINIDAE
Genus EGGERELLA Cushman, 1933
Eggerella advena (Cushman)
Plate 2, figure 8

Eggcrclla advcna (Cushman). Cushman, 1948, Cushnian Lab.
Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 23, p. 32, pl. 3, fig. 12.
Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. 001111., v. 121,
no. 7, p. 36, pl. 3, figs. 8—10.

Eggereila «d’vena. was common to rare in the five
shallowest samples (depths from 10 to 57 fathoms).
As noted in previous records, the finely arenaceous tests
are reddish orange to white, some being dark in the
early part and light colored in the final chamber. It is

RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

characteristic of cold waters although it has been found
as far south as Baja California.

Genus DOROTHIA Plummer, 1931
Dorothia afl’. D. bradyana Cushman
Plate 2, figures 1, 2

Test large for the genus, only slightly wider than
thick, tapering from the bluntly pointed initial end to
the greatest diameter at the flaring and concave aper-
tural end, biserial stage constituting the greatest part
of the test, periphery lobulate; chambers distinct, in-
flated, lower than wide; sutures distinct, incised,
straight; wall finely arenaceous, smoothly finished, usu-
ally roughened by the addition of a few coarse grains
over the earliest chambers; aperture small and low, in
the middle of the concave apertural end, at the base of
the final chamber. Length 1.0—1.6 mm; thickness 0.65—
0.90 mm.

This species may ultimately prove to be new. How-
ever, for the present it is regarded as a close relative
of Dorothea bradycma Cushman (1937, p. 99, pl. 11, fig.
6) which was described from 4:50 fathoms, ofl' Sombrero
Island, east of Puerto Rico.

The present species, occurring commonly in four sea-
ridge samples, differs from types of Dorothia bradyoma
in that the chambers are much lower and more bulging
between the incised sutures. Also, the Pamplona speci-
mens are more nearly circular than those from the West
Indies.

Genus GOESELLA Cushman, 1933

Goesella flintii Cushman
Plate 2, figures 6, 7, 13, 21

Gocsellc flintii Cushman, 1937, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research
Spec. Pub. 8, p. 118. pl. 13. figs. 17—19.

Test irregular in shape with uniserial stage poorly
developed and not represented in many specimens,
tapering from the bluntly pointed initial end to the
greatest diameter at the bulging apertural end; cham-
bers distinct, inflated; sutures distinct, depressed; wall
arenaceous, composed mostly of fine material having
scattered angular sand grains incorporated in it,
smoothly finished on the exterior, thick and vacuolar on
the interior but not vacuolar in all parts of the wall;
aperture simple, large, terminal (or arched at the final
suture if the uniserial stage is lacking), the chamber
wall infolded around the opening. Length 1.0—1.6 mm;
diameter 0.7—0.9 mm.

The presence of a vacuolar wall within this genus
was noted in the type species, Goesella, rotundata
(Cushman, 1937, p. 117), but had not. previously been
noted in G. flintiz'. Examination of the type and para-

 

A17

types of G. flintii reveals the existence of a vacuolar
wall in them. In most specimens the vacuoles are pres-
ent only around the central part of the test and not
around the initial and apertural ends. But there are
exceptions, and some specimens seem to have a simple
wall Without vacuoles in any part of it. Thus, we must
conclude that presence or absence of a vacuolar wall is
not of fundamental significance.

We have illustrated specimens of both kinds; in some
the exterior is enough eroded so that the vacuoles appear
as coarse pores through the wall (pl. 2, fig. 21); in
others a break in the wall permits us to observe that the
wall is thin and solid and not thick and vacuolar (pl. 2,
fig. 13) ; in still others breaking away of the final cham-
ber or chambers (giving a transverse view of the wall)
reveals the existence of radial partitions in the wall.

Goesella flintiz' was originally described from 185
fathoms, off San Pedro, Calif, and has been recorded
from elsewhere off the California coast. In our ma-
terial it was found only at two searidge localities,
where it occurred commonly.

Goesella? sp.
Plate 1, figure 15

Three specimens from Pamplona 7 seem to belong in
this genus and to be undescribed. The multiserial
stage is short in comparison with the uniserial stage.
The final chambers are distinct, being separated by
incised sutures, and the aperture is small and depressed
in the center of the final chamber.

Genus KARRERIELLA Cushman, 1933
Karreriella baccata (Schwag'er)
Plate 2, figure 10

Karrcriclla baccatar (Schwager). Cushman, 1937, Cushman
Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 8, p. 133, pl. 15, figs.
20—2-1 ; pl. 16, fig. 1.

This well—known species is present in considerable
numbers in the five Pamplona samples and at Kasaan
Bay.

The neat and smooth-surfaced construction, narrow
lipped aperture situated wholly within the final cham-
ber, and the rapid increase in thickness, as well as in
width, all serve to characterize this species.

Two Pliocene varieties, japam’ca (Asano, 1938, p. 90,
pl. 10, fig. 1) and alaskensz's (Cushman and Todd, 1947,
p. 61, pl. 14, figs. 10, 11), were set up on the basis of
minor variable features, such as shape of test and coarse-
ness of wall; they seem undeserving of separate recog-
nition. Examples of both these kinds of variable
specimens may be found among the Pamplona speci—
mens.

A18

Ifarreriella baccata was originally described from
the Pliocene of Kar Nicobar and has been Widely re—
ported from deposits of late Tertiary age around the
Pacific.

Genus SCHENCKIELLA Thalmann, 1942

Schenckiella primaeva (Cushman)
Plate 1, fig. 10

Olavulina prima‘eva Cushman, 1913, U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v.
44, p. 635, pl. 80, figs. 4, 5.

Listcrella primaeva (Cushman). Cushman, 1937, Cushman
Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 8, p. 153, pl. 17, figs.
24—28.

This striking species was described from off Borneo
in 476 fathoms and has been found at various other
deep-water localities, particularly around the Philip-
pine Islands.

It is characterized by its slender, evenly cylindrical
test and its distinct but nonindented sutures. The
suture pattern results in the appearance of annular
rings in the uniserial part of the test but breaks down
into an irregular pattern over the biserial and multi-
serial stages toward the slightly pointed initial end of
the test.

Specimens were found commonly only at Pamplona
8 but occurred rarely at Pamplona 3, 5 and 7.

Family TROCHAMMINIDAE
Genus TROCHAMMINA Parker and Jones, 1860
Trochammina advena Cushman
Plate 1, figure 16

Trachammina advena Cushman, 1922, Carnegie Inst. Washington,
Pub. 311, p. 20, pl. 1, figs. 2—4.

This small species was first described from the Dry
Tortugas and has been widely reported from various
localities in both the North Atlantic and South Atlantic.

It is characterized by its thick and compact test com-
posed of 4 or 41/2 chambers in the final whorl and by its
deep ventral umbilicus.

Typical specimens occur rarely at Pamplona 4 and 8
and at Kasaan Bay.

Trochammina rotaliformis J. Wright
Plate 1, figure 18

Trochammina rotaliformis J. Wright. Cushman, 1920, ILS.

Natl. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 2, p. 77, pl. 16, figs. 1, 2.

Cushman and Parker, 1931. U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 80, art.
3, p. 6, pl. 2, fig. 5.

Cushman and McCulloch, 1939, Allan Hancock Pacific
Exped., v. 6, no. 1, p. 107, pl. 12, fig. 2.

Cushman, 1948, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub.
23, p. 42, pl. 4, fig. 16.

Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 121,
no. 7, p. 51, pl. 8, figs. (L9.

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALE ONTOLOGY

Detling, 1958, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 9, p.
26, pl. 7, fig. 12.

Todd and Low, 1961, Cushman Found. Foram. Research
Contr., v. 12, p. 16, pl. 1, fig. 17.

This species is low spired and flattened and tends to
be irregular in outline and in shape of chambers. Four
or five uninflated chambers make up the final whorl.
The wall is smoothly finished.

The species has been widely recorded, occurring from
tidal habitats to moderately deep water, in both the
Atlantic and Pacific, and typical specimens were found
in several of our samples.

Trochammina squamata Parker and Jones
Plate 1, figure 17

Trochammina squamata Parker and Jones. Parker, 1952, Har-
vard 0011., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bu11., v. 106, no. 10, p. 460,
pl. 3, fig. 4.

A single specimen from Gambier Bay is entirely
typical of this small, scalelike species that was originally
described from the Hunde Islands, off western Green-
land. Our specimen measures 0.2 mm in diameter and
contains seven chambers in the final whorl. The ventral
umbilicus is small and deep. The species probably has
a wide distribution in the Atlantic and Pacific although,
from the illustrations, some of the specimens referred to
it belong in other species. The reference included
in the synonymy, from Long Island Sound, shows the
clearest and best illustration of the species.

CALCAREOUS IMPERFORATE FAMILIES
Family MILIOLIDAE
Genus QUINQUELOCULINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Quinqueloculina agglutinata Cushman
Plate 2, figure 16

Q’Itinqucloculina avgglutinata Cushman, 1917, US. Natl. Mus.
Bull. 71, pt. 6, p.43, pl. 9, fig. 2.

Single specimens from Pamplona 3 and Lynn Canal
are similar to the types of this species that was originally
reported to have come from “off Alaska.” These speci-
mens have a sandy wall, and the chambers are rather
angular in section. The apertural tooth is short with
two broad wings. Length 0.75 min, breadth 0.50 mm.

Quinqueloculina akneriana d’Orbig'ny

Plate 2, figure 22

Quinqueloculina (Limeritma d’Orbigny, 1846, Foraminiféres fos-
siles du Bassin tertiaire de Vienna, p. 290, pl. 18, figs.
16—21.

This species, originally described from the Miocene
of the Vienna Basin, is found abundantly to commonly

RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

in six of our samples and rarely in several more. It is
distinguished by its comparatively large triangular test,
which is broadest in the middle and tapering toward
both ends, and its highly polished wall.

Quinqueloculina arctica Gushman
Plate 2, figure 28

Quinquelocuh‘na erotica Cushman, 1948, 'Cushman La‘b. For‘am.
Research Spec. Pub. 23, p. 35, pl. 4, fig. 2.
Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. 0011n., v.
121, no. 7, p. 40, pl. 5, figs. 11, 12.
Rare but typical specimens were found at Excursion
Inlet and Gambier Bay.

Quinqueloculina frigida Parker
Plate 2, figure 23

Quinquelocuh’na frigida Parker, 1952, Harvard 0011., Mus. Comp.
Zoology Bull., v. 106, no. 9, p. 406, pl. 3, fig. 20.

This species, described from a depth of 37 meters
(i20 fathoms), off Portsmouth, N. H., is well repre-
sented in our material from Taku Harbor. It is char-
acterized by its fairly large size and coarsely arenace—
ous but smoothly finished wall. It can be distinguished
from Quinqueloculina agglutinata by its rounded, not
angular, periphery and consequently flatter test.

Quinqueloculina seminulum (Linné)
Plate 2, figure 19

Quinqueloculina seminula (Linné). Parker, 1952, Harvard
0011., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 106, no. 9, p. 406, pl.
3, figs. 21, 22; pl. 4, figs. 1, 2; 1952, idem, v. 106, no. 10,
p. 456, pl. 2, fig. 7.

This species has been very widely reported, both fossil
and Recent. The references above illustrate it from off
New Hampshire and in Long Island Sound in its most
typical forms.

In general, Q. .s-enu'mclum difi'ers from Q. almem'oma
in being more rounded instead of triangular in section
and in being of nearly equal breadth throughout instead
of tapering toward both ends.

Quinqueloculina stalkeri Loeblich and Tappan
Plate 2. figure 17

Quinqucloculina stalkeri Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smith-
sonian Misc. Colln., v. 121, no. 7, p. 40, pl. 5, figs. 5—9.

This species was described from a depth of 12.8

meters (7 fathoms) ofl' northeast Greenland and is also

reported from shallow water 011' Point Barrow, Alaska.

It is characterized by its finely arenaceous and some-

what roughened wall. Its aperture is circular and is

 

A19

surrounded by a slightly thickened rim within which
there is a very low and inconspicuous apertural tooth.
The chambers are rounded in cross section, and the
sutures are therefore distinctly depressed. The whole
test is rather slender and of even width throughout. A
few specimens were found in three fjordland samples.

Quinqueloculina subrotunda (Montagu)
Plate 2, figure 15

Quinqueloculma, subrotunda (Montagu). Parker, 1952, Har-
vard 0011., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 106, no. 9, p. 406,
pl. 4, fig. 4 .

Jarke, 1960, Internat. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobi‘ologie, v. 45,

no. 4, pl. 4, fig. 2.

Qumqueloculina, disciformis (Macgillivray). Cushman, 1944,
Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 12, p. 15, pl.
2, figs. 17, 18.

A few typical specimens of this flattened, circular,
glossy species were found at Gambier Bay.

Genus SIGMOILINA Schlumberger, 1887
Sigmoilina distorta Phleger and Parker
Plate 2, figure 18

Sigmoilina, distorta Phleger and Parker, 1951, Geol. Soc. Amer-

ica Mem. 46, pt. 2, p. 8, pl. 4, figs. 3—5.

Parker, 1954, Harvard 0011., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v.
111, no. 10, p. 499, pl. 4, figs. 17, 21; 1958, Swedish Deep-
Sea Exped. Repts., v. 8, Sediment Cores, no. 4, p. 256, pl. 1,
fig. 25.

Andersen, 1961, Louisiana Geol. Survey, Geol. Bull. 35, pt.
2, p. 34, pl. 7, fig. 8.

A few specimens found in three Pamplona samples
are referred to this species, which was described from the
Gulf of Mexico and also reported in the Mediterranean.

It is a small species (about 0.85 mm long), is flat, and
tapering toward both ends, and has a glassy surface on
which the sutures are only faintly defined.

Genus TRILO‘CULINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Triloculina rotunda d’Orbigny
Plate 2, figure 30

Triloculina rotunda d’Orbigny, 1826, Annales sci. nat., v. 7, p. 299.

Schlumberger, 1893, Soc. zool. France Mem., v. 6, p. 206, pl.
1, figs. 48—50; text figs. 11, 12.

Fornasini, 1902, Accad. sci. ist. Bologna Mem., ser. 5, v. 10,
p. 22, fig. 12.

Cushman and Wickenden, 1929, US. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 75,
art. 9, p. 3, pl. 2, fig. 2.

Le Cailvez and Le Clalvez, 1958, Inst. océanog. Annales, nouv.
sér., v. 35, pt. 3, p. 192, pl. 6, figs. 57, 58.

Rare typical specimens of this widely reported species
were found on the searidge and in the fjordland area.
They attain a rather large size, up to 1.5 mm.

A20

Genus CRUCILOCULINA d’Orbigny, 1839
Cruciloculina triangularis d’Orbigny
Plate 2, figure 27

Cruciloculma triangulam‘s d’ Orbigny, 1839, Voyage dans I’Amér-
ique Méridionale, v. 5, pt. 5, Foraminiféres, p. 72, pl. 9,
figs. 11, 12.
Loeblich and Tappan, 1957, US. Natl. Mus. Bull. 215, p. 234,
pl. 74, figs. 1, 2.

Three typical specimens were found on Pamplona
Searidge. With the exception of its cruciform aper—
ture, the species appears to be identical with Triloculina
tm’cam'nata d’Orbigny.

Genus BILOCULINELLA Wiesner, 1931

Biloculinella globula (Bornemann)
Plate 2, figure 14

Birloculimt globulus Bornemann, 1855, Deutsche geol. Gesell.
Zeitschr., V. 7, p. 349, pl. 19, fig. 3.
Biloc'ulinclla globula (Bornemann). Le Calvez and Le Calvez,
1958, Inst. océanog., Annales, nouv. sér., v. 35, pt. 3, p.
201, pl. 7, fig. 76.
Boltovskoy, 1959, Argentina Servicio Hidrografia Naval
Pub. H1005, p. 57, pl. 6, fig. 11.
A single typical specimen was found at Pamplona 4.
This species described from the Oligocene of Ger—
many, seems to be widely distributed, both as a fossil
and in Recent seas. The test is globular and smoothly
rounded and has a valvelike tooth nearly filling the
aperture.
Genus PYRGO Defrance, 1824

Pyrgo abyssorum (Goe‘s)
Plate 2, figure 25

Biloculina abyssorum Goes, 1894, Kgl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad.
Handlingar, v. 25, no. 9, p. 118, pl. 23, figs. 888, 889.

A single specimen, about 1.5 mm in greater diameter,
was found with specimens of Pyrgo vespertz'lz'o at
Pamplona 3. It differs from P. vespertilio in the
nature of the aperture which in this species is nearly
completely closed by a pl‘atelike tooth, leaving only a
narrow curved opening between the tooth and the wall
of the filial chamber. In P. cespertilio, on the other
hand, the aperture is an elongate opening, only partly
filled by a broad and bifid tooth, thus leaving a moder-
ately wide opening between the tooth and the wall of
the final chamber. P. abyssomm was described from
deep water (500—2900 meters, that is, about 273—1,093
fathoms) in the Arctic and around Spitzbergen.
Similar large species of Pyrgo have been reported from
the Antarctic and off Tasmania (Parr, 1950), where one,
P. subglobuhm Parr (1950, p. 298, pl. 7, fig. 10), pos-
sesses the same kind of aperture that is blocked by a
plate that nearly closes it.

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALE ONTOLOGY

Pyrgo depressa. d’Orbigny
Plate 2, figure 26

Biloculina depressa d’Orbigny, 1826, Annales sci. nat., v. 7, p.
298, no. 7; Modeles 91.
Parker, Jones, and Brady, 1865, Annals Mag. Nat. History,
ser. 3, v. 16, p. 33, pl. 1, fig. 4; 1871, idem, ser. 4, v. 8, p.
247, pl. 8, fig. 5.
Schlumberger, 1891, Soc. 2001. France Mém., v. 4, p. 160,
pl. 9, figs. 48, 49 ; text figs. 1—5.
Pyrgo dcpressa (d’Orbigny). Asano, 1956, Tohoku Univ. Sci.
Repts., ser. 2 (Geology), v. 27, p. 76, pl. 9, fig. 4.

This large and strongly compressed species occurs in
Clarence Strait in association with P. rotalam.

Although P. depressa has been interpreted ( Cushman,
1929, p. 71, pl. 19, figs. 4, 5) as possessing a straight, nar-
row, linear aperture situated in the plane of (not to one
side of) the periphery, we choose to accept the interpre-
tation given the species by d’Orbigny’s model and by
Parker, Jones, and Brady (references above) and by
others, namely that it is a strongly compressed species
with an elongate, narrow aperture situated slightly to
one side of (but not within) the peripheral plane.
Moreover, in our specimens the apertural opening is not
merely a linear slit but has enlargements at each end.
Also, among our specimens the smaller (presumably im-
mature) specimens are elongate oval rather than cir-
cular in section.

The compressed specimens of Pyrgo, found commonly
around the British Isles, that have a linear slit opening
in the plane of the periphery probably should be iden—
tified with the species called “Biloculi’na m'ngens
(Lamarck) var. carinata d’Orbigny” by Williamson
(1858, p. 79, pl. 7, figs. 172—174). But “B. fingens
car-incite (d’Orbigny)” of Williamson is not the same
as Pyrgo carinata (d’Orbigny) in which the aperture
is enlarged at both ends as is typical of most species
in the genus.

Pyrgo lucernula (Schwager)
Plate 2. figure 29
Biloculina luccrnula Schwager. 1866, Karma Exped, Geo]. Theil.
v. 2, p. 202, pl. 4, figs. 14. 17.
Pyryo luccrnula (Schwager). Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954.
U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 260—H, p. 340, pl. 85, fig. 24.
This species is well represented in our material by
typical and fairly common specimens in the Pamplona
samples and two fjordland samples. It is characterized
by its circular and protruding apertural neck. From a
closely similar species, Pyrgo muwhz’na (Schwager), it
is distinguished by its outline being slightly elongate
rather than circular and by having a rounded rather
than sharp periphery.
Described from Kar Nicobar, this species is widely
reported in the present—day oceans.

RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

Pyrgo rotalaria Loeblich and Tappan
Plate 2, figure 31

Pyrgo rotalam‘a Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc.
Colln., v. 121, no. 7, p. 47, pl. 6, figs. 5, 6.

This species, described from deep water off southeast—
ern Alaska, is found in Clarence Strait. Although it
was reported to have a nearly circular aperture, reexam-
ination of the holotype and paratypes shows the aper-
ture to range from nearly circular to three or four times
as long as wide. In all our specimens from Clarence
Strait the aperture is elongate, but otherwise the speci-
mens seem identical to the types in being nearly circular
in outline, evenly bulging on both sides, and sharply
keeled around the periphery.

Pyrgo vespertilio (Schlumberger)
Plate 2, figure 24

Biloculi/na vesperti’lio Schlumberger, 1891, Soc. Z001. France,
Mém. v. 4, p. 174, pl. 10, figs. 74—76; text figs. 20—22.

Pyrgo vespertilio (Schlumberger). Andersen, 1961, Louisiana
Geol. Survey Geol. Bull. 35, pt. 2, p. 40, pl. 8, fig. 5.

This large species is characteristic of the Arctic and
Antarctic but is not restricted to those areas. It was
described from the Gulf of Gascony and also reported
from the Gulf of Mexico. It is Well represented at
Pamplona 3, 4, and 7.

Genus PYRGOELLA Cushman and White, 1936
Pyrgoella sphaera (d’Orbigny)
Plate 2, figure 20

Bilocul‘ina sphaem d’Orbig'ny, 1839, Voyage dans l’Amérique
Méridionale, v. 5, pt. 5, Foraminiferes, p. 66, pl. 8, figs.
13—16.

Brady, 1884, Challenger Rept., Zoology, v. 9, p. 141, pl. 2,
fig. 4.

Goés, 1894, Kgl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handlingar, v. 25,
no. 9, p. 120, pl. 25, fig. 927.

Flint, 1899, US Natl. Mus, Ann. Rept. for 1897, p. 295,
pl. 41, fig. 2.

Pyrgoella sphaera (d’Orbigny). Le Calvez and Le Calvez, 1958,
Inst. océanog. Annales, nouv. sér., v. 35, pt. 3, p. 198, pl.
7, fig. 72.

Parker, 1958, Swedish Deep-Sea Exped. Repts., v. 8, Sedi-
ment Cores, no. 4, p. 256, pl. 1, fig. 14.

Todd, 1958, Swedish Deep-Sea Exped. Repts., v. 8, Sediment
Cores, no. 3, p. 188, pl. 1, fig. 4.

Andersen, 1961, Louisana Geo]. Survey, Geol. Bull. 35, pt.
2, p. 42, pl. 9, figs. 7, 8.

A single immature specimen was found at Pamplona
3. The species is widely distributed in deep and moder-
ately deep waters.

237—376 O—67———3

 

A21

Family OPHTHAIMIDIIDAE
Genus CORNUSPIRA Schultze, 1854
Cornuspira involvens (Reuss)
Plate 2, figure 11

Cornuspim involvens (Reuss). Loeblich and Tappan, 1953,
Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 121, no. 7, p. 49, pl. 7, figs. 4, 5.
Single specimens were found in three of our samples,
Pamplona 3 and 4 and Kasaan Bay. Compared with
Camuspim planorbz's Schultze, this species is larger and
more compressed, has more whorls, and the transverse
growth lines or wrinkles on the wall tend to be more
distinct. It appears to live deeper than 0. planorbis.

CALGAREOUS PERFORATE FAMILIES
Family LAGENIDAE
Genus ROBULUS Montfort, 1808
Robulus nikobarensis (Schwag‘er)
Plate 3, figures 2, 3

Cristellam‘a ntkobare’nsis Schwager, 1866, Novam Exped, Geol.
Theil, v. 2, p. 243, pl. 6, fig. 87.

Robulus cushmam‘ Galloway and Wissler, 1927, Jour. Paleontol-
ogy, v. 1, p. 51, pl. 8, fig. 11.

This species, described from the Miocene of Kar
Nicobar, is distinguished by a rather large central umbo
to which the curved sutures are tangent. Eight or nine
chambers make up the final whorl, and the periphery is
surrounded by a keel, sharp and glassy in small speci-
mens, limbate in large specimens. Specimens named
Robuhw cushmam', from the Pleistocene of Timms
Point, Calif., appear to belong in this species, differing
only in their maximum dimension, which is 1.5 mm for
R. nikobarensis and 2.5 mm for R. wakmami.

Specimens occur in our material at Pamplona 3, 4, 5
and 7 and Kasaan Bay. Most of the specimens are
more than 3 mm in greater diameter, a few are only
about 1 mm. Most are heavy walled and opaque and
look well worn. In some of the larger heavy—walled
specimens, the central umbo is slightly raised and ir-
regularly pitted. The few smaller ones are translucent
and appear fresh. Examples of both kinds are
illustrated.

Robulus occidentalis (Cushman)
Plate 3, figure 1

Cristellam'a occidentalis Cushman, 1923, US. Natl. Mus. Bull. 104,
pt. 4, p. 102, pl. 25, fig. 2 ; pl. 26, figs. 1, 2.

Robulus occidentalis (Cushman). Cushman, 1944, Cushman
Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 12, p. 20, pl .3, fig. 1.

.422

Ruscelli, 1949, 1st. Geol. Paleont, e Geogr. Fisica, Univ.
Milano, ser. P, no. 62, p. 13 (list). pl. 2, fig. 7.

This large and variable species is represented by com-
mon specimens at three Pamplona stations. Described
from off the northeastern coast of the United States,
Robulus occidentalz's has an angled but not keeled pe—
riphery, about 10 chambers making up the final whorl, a
concave apertural face and protruding aperture, and in
some specimens a tendency to uncoil.

Robulus strongi Church
Plate 3, figure 4

Robulus strongi Church, 1929, Jour. Paleontology, v. 3, p. 305,
text fig. 3.
Cushman and McCulloch, 1950, Allan Hancock Pacific
Expert, v. 6, no. 6, p. .295, pl. 37, figs. 1, 2.

This species, described from 30 to 40 fathoms, off
Santa Catalina Island, Calif, is found rarely at Kasaan
Bay. It is flattened, large (about 4 mm in greater
dimension), and is surrounded by a broad glassy keel.

Robulus strongz' has previously been recorded from
along the coast of southern California and southward
to Peru.

Genus ASTACOLUS Montfort, 1808
Astacolus planulatus Galloway and Wissler
Plate 3, figure 5

Astacolus planulatus Galloway and \Vissler, 1927, Jour. Paleon-
tology, V. 1, p. 46, pl. 8, fig. 5.

Planuiaria planulata (Galloway and Wissler). Cushman and
McCulloch, 1950, Allan Hancock Pacific Expcd.. v. 6, no.
6, p. 303, pl. 40, figs. 1—5.

The rare specimens obtained from the searidge sam-
ples fit the original description well, being most dis-
tinctive in their flattened elongation and almost parallel
sides and edges.

Cushman and McCulloch recorded the species in the
Pacific from a depth range of 10—160 fathoms, with an
average depth of 51 fathoms. Our specimens came
from depths of 85—148 fathoms on the searidge. The
species was described from beds of Pleistocene age in
California and has been recorded by Asano (1951b,
p. 12, fig. 61) from the Pliocene to Recent in Japan.

Genus MARGINULINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Marginulina glabra d’Orbigny
Plate 3, figures 8. 9

Mammalian glabra d’Orbigny, 1826, Annales sci. nat., v. 7, p.
259, Modéles 55.
Cushman, 1913, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 71. pt. 3. p. 7!), pl. 23,
fig. 3.

This species was found to be rare in two of the sea-
ridge samples, some specimens occurring as short stout

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

forms (pl. 3, fig. 9) and others as more elongate forms
up to 4 mm in length (pl. 3, fig. 8). It was described
from the Pliocene of Italy, and although it has been
recorded from beds as old as Jurassic, we doubt it occurs
in sediments any older than Miocene in age.

Recorded occurrences in the Recent are widespread
and indicate it to be a deep-water species. Our speci-
mens are from 95—100 fathoms.

Genus DENTALINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Dentalina baggi Galloway and Wissler
Plate 3, figures 10, 11

Dentalina baggi Galloway and Wissler, 1927, Jour. Paleontology,
v. 1. p. 49, pl. 8, figs. 14, 15.
Cushman and McC‘ulloch, 1950, Allan Hancock Pacific
Exped, v. 6, no. 6. p. 313, pl. 41, figs. 13, 14.
Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colln.. v. 121,
no. 7, p. 54, pl. 9, figs. 10—15.

Dentulimz baggé vas described from beds of Pleisto-
cene age in California; its fossil record is no older than
Pliocene with all occurrences being on the west coast of
North America. Its Recent occurrences have been
restricted to the eastern side of the Pacific Ocean and
to the Arctic.

It has a distinctively large test with a bulbous initial
chamber which exceeds the immediately succeeding
chambers in size. Some specimens have a slight spine
on the initial chamber (pl. 3, fig. 11), a fact not con—
sidered here to be of specific importance.

Cushman and McCulloch gave a depth, range of
19—212 fathoms for their material. Our specimens
were most common at Pamplona 8 (133—148 fathoms)
and in Kasaan Bay (47—57 fathoms).

Dentalina decepta (Bagg)
Plate 3, figure 6

Nodowriw dcccpta Bagg, 1912, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 513, p. 55,
pl. 16, fig. 1.

Dentalina dcccpm (Bagg). Cushman and McCulloch, 1950,
Allan Hancock Pacific Expert. v. 6. no. 6, p. 311. pl. 41.
figs. 11. 12.

Longitudinal costae over the early part of the test
distinguish this large species of Dcm‘alimz from others
in the fauna. The largest complete specimen is about
7.5 mm long. In addition to the several complete forms
obtained, there were many distinguishable fragments
of broken tests in our material.

It was described from beds of Pleistocene age in
California and has been recorded from the Pliocene to
Recent of Japan (Asano, 1951b, p. 23, figs. 103, 104).
The depth range given for the material discussed by
Cushman and McCulloch was 16—267 fathoms. Most
of our specimens are from the searidge.

RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

Dentalina afl. D. subsoluta (Cushman)
Plate 3, figure 7

Rare specimens from three of the searidge samples
are tentatively placed in this slender arcuate species
that was described from off the coast of Brazil
(Cushman, 1923, p. 74, pl. 13, fig. 1). They may,
however, be only a slender variant of Dentaliaa baggc'
Galloway and ‘Wissler, being distinguished from that
species by more bulbous chambers and more deeply
constricted sutures.

Genus LAGENONODOSARIA Silvestri, 1900
Lagenonodosaria scalaris (Batsch)

Plate 3, figure 39

Nodosariw scalaris Batsch, sp. Brady. 1884, Challenger Rept,
Zoology, v. 9, p. 510, pl. 63. figs. 23—31.

Nodosaria scalaris (Batsch). Cushman, 1921, (HS. Natl. Mus.
Bull. 100, V. 4, p. 199, pl. 35, fig. 6.

Lagcaonodosam‘a scalaris (Batsch). Asano, 1956, Tohoku Univ.
Sci. Repts., ser. 2 (Geology), v. 27, p. 26, pl. 6, figs. 5—7, 10.

The specimens, mostly from Pamplona Searidge, do
not exceed four chambers in length, and much of the
material consists of single detached or immature cham-
bers. They appear identical to Brady’s figures and to
the Albatross material studied by Cushman.

Brady’s recorded depth was 95 fathoms and Cush—
man’s was 24—890 fathoms with an average of 274
fathoms. The depths of our samples are 85—100 fath-
oms, with one occurrence at about 12 fathoms.

By regarding Lagenonodosarz’a as a megalospheric
form and Amphicoryne as a microspheric form, Lagen-
omdosam‘a may be included as a synonym of Amphi-
corync Schlumberger, 1881. But for convenience in re-
ferring to the present specimens among which no Am—
phicoryne-forms were observed, we will maintain the
two as separate genera.

Genus PSEUDONODOSARIA Boomgaart, 1949
Pseudonodosaria radicula (Linné)

Plate 3, figure 12

Nodosaria radicula Linné. Parker and Jones. 1865, Royal Soc.
[London] Philos. Trans, v. 155, p. 341. pl. 13, figs. 2—7.
Brady, 1884. Challenj/cr Rept. Zoology. v. 9. p. 495, pl. 61,
figs. 28—31.
(‘uslnnan. 1921, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 100, v. 4. p. 190, pl. 34,
fig. 4.

A few specimens from Pamplona 7 and 8 are referred
to this species that has been reported widely in cold and
deep waters.

Our largest specimen is 2.4 111111 long, and the diameter
of the final chamber is about 0.6 mm in all of the in
dividuals. The species is characterized by inflated and
nonembracing chambers and constricted sutures.

 

A23

Genus VAGINULINOPSIS Silvestri, 1904
Vaginulinopsis bacheii (Bailey)
Margimtlina bachcii Bailey, 1851, Smithsonian Contr., v. 2, p. 10,

p1,, figs. 2—6.

Cushman, 1923, [1.8. Natl. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 4, p. 129, pl.
36, figs. 7—9.

Parker, 1948, Harvard 0011., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull, v. 100,
p. 239 (list) , pl. 3, fig. 1.

Cushman and McCulloch, 1950, Allan Hancock Pacific Ex-
ped., v. 6, no. 6, p. 309, pl. 40, fig. 12.

A few large, robust, well-worn and stained individ-
uals were found at Pamplona 4 and 7. Most are about
3 mm in length (but one is 6 mm long), 0.7—0.9 mm in
breadth, and about 0.65 mm in thickness. They have
smooth surfaces and the sutures are indistinct, neither
thickened nor raised. The radiate aperture is slightly
protruding. The initial end shows an incipient coil,
and the tests are compressed throughout.

.llargz'mzlz'na bachez'z' was described from off New York
and has been reported in both the Atlantic and the Pa—
cific. Because of its compression, it is transferred to
Vagimdinopsz’s. The present specimens, although show—
ing considerable variation, fall within the probable
limits of this species.

Genus FRONDICULARIA Defrance, 1824
Frondicularia gigas Church
Plate 3, figure 33

Fromlicularia gigas Church. 1929, Jour. Paleontology, v. 3, p. 303,
text figs. 1, 2.
Cushman and McCulloch, 1950, Allan Hancock Pacific EX—
ped., v. 6, no. 6, p. 327, pl. 43, figs. 1—4.

Typical specimens of this large species occur in Pam-
plona 3, 4 and 7 and Kasaan Bay. Our specimens attain
a length of more than 5 mm. They have only a simple
spine at the initial end, not a cluster of spines as 011 the
types. The species has previously been reported only
off California.

Genus LAGENA Walker and Jacob, 1798

Lagena amphora Reuss

Lagcna amphora Reuss, 1862, Akad. Wiss. VVien Sitzungsher.. v.
46, pt. 1, p. 330, pl. 4, fig. 57.
Cushman and McCulloch, 1950, Allan Hancock Pacific Ex-
ped., v. 6, no. 6. p. 329, pl. 43, figs. 11—14.

Single specimens from Pamplona 8 and Clarence
Strait seem to belong in this species that was first de
scribed from the Oligocene of Germany. It has also
been reported from along the western coasts of North
and South America.

This species is distinguished by its high platelike
costae and slender, tapering apertural neck.

Lagena distoma Parker and Jones
Plate 3, figure 18

Lagena distoma Parker and Jones in Brady, 1864, Linnean Soc.
London Trans, v. 24, p. 467, pl. 48, fig. 6.
Flint, 1899, US Natl. Mus., Ann. Rept. for 1897, p. 306, pl.
53, fig. 5.

This rare but widely represented species was found
in four of our samples. It is a minute and fragile
species, 0.10—0.13 mm in diameter, with a transparent
wall on which the faint costae stand out as light lines.
Both apical and apertural ends are drawn out into hair-
size tubes, and, in many specimens, these slender exten-
sions are broken off.

Lagena elongata (Ehrenberg)
Plate 3, figure 22

Lagena elongata Ehrenberg, sp. Brady, 1884, Challenger Rept.,
Zoology, v. 9, p. 457, pl. 56, fig. 29.
Flint, 1899, U.S. Natl. Mus., Ann. Rept. for 1897, p. 306, pl.
53, fig. 1.
Hada, 1931, Tohoku Imp. Univ. Sci. Rept., ser. 4, Biology, v.
6. p. 104, text fig. 59.
Cushman and McCulloch, 1950, Allan Hancock Pacific
Exped., v. 6, no. 6. p. 338, pl. 44, fig. 14.
Lagena gracillima Seguenza, sp. Brady (part), 1884, Challenger
Rept, Zoology, v. 9, p. 456, pl. 56, figs. 27, 28 (not figs. 19—
26).
This species is similar in shape to Lagena distoma but
is larger and unornamented. The species consists of a
simple tube of even diameter (not bulging at its mid
point as does Lagena gracillz'ma) that is drawn out
toward both ends into tubes of smaller diameter. There
is a thickened lip around the apertural opening, and the
basal tube is usually broken off. Diameter of the main
body of the test is 0.15—0.19 mm.
This cosmopolitan species is found in both warm and
cold waters, and there are reported occurrences in the
Arctic and Antarctic.

Lagena hispidula Cushman

Lagena hispidula Cushman, 1913, US. Natl. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 3,
p. 14, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3.

A single typical specimen was found at Pamplona 4.
The species was described from several deep-water sta-
tions in various parts of the North Pacific, the shal-
lowest at 518 fathoms. The species has also been re—
ported from many other Recent localities—several in
the Antarctic—and from a few fossil localities.

Lagena laevis (Montagu)
Plate 3, figure 17

l’ermiculnm laevc Montagu, 1803, Testacea Britannica, p. 524.

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALE ONTOLOGY

Lagena laem‘s Williamson, 1848, Annals Mag. Nat. History,

ser. 2, v. 1, p. 12, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2.

Brady, 1884, Challenger Rept., Zoology, v. 9, p. 455, pl. 56,
figs. 7—14, 30.

Flint, 1899, US Natl. Mus., Ann. Rept. for 1897, p. 306, pl.
53, fig. 6.

Hada, 1931, Tohoku Imp. Univ. Sci. Rept., ser. 4, Biology,
v. 6, p. 102, text fig. 56.

Cushman, 1933, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 161, pt. 2, p. 19, pl. 4,
fig. 5.

Cushman and Gray, 1946, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research
Spec. Pub. 19, p. 18, pl. 3, figs. 21—23.

Dorsey, 1948, Maryland Dept. Geology, Mines and Water
Resources Bull. 2, p. 289, pl. 31, figs. 9, 10.

Cushman, 1948, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub.
23, p. 47, pl. 5, fig. 11.

Cushman and McCulloch, 1950, Allan Hancock Pacific
Exped., v. 6, no. 6, p. 341, pl. 45, figs. 14—16.

Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 121,
no. 7, p. 51, pl. 11, figs. 5—8.

Lagena vulgaris Williamson, 1858, Recent Foram. Great Britain,

Ray Soc, p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 5.

This well-known and widely reported species has a
simple but highly variable shape and size. Our speci-
mens are rather uniform, consist of a teardrop chamber
about 0.28 mm in diameter and about 0.40 mm in length,
have a slender neck, and are translucent in appearance.

Lagena Zaem's is found in three searidge samples,
and there are several specimens at each locality.

Lagena meridionalis Wiesner
Plate 3, figure 21

Lagena gracilis var. m‘erldionalis Wiesner, 1931, Deutsche
Siidpolar-Exped., v. 20, Zoologie, p. 117, pl. 18, fig. 211.

Lagena meridionalls Wiesner. Loeblich and T‘appan, 1953,
Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 121, no. 7, p. 62, pl. 12, fig. 1.

Lagena gracilz‘s Williamson. Brady (part), 1884, Challenger
Rept., Zoology, v. 9, p. 464, pl. 58, fig. 19 (not figs. 2, 3,
7—10, 22—24) .

This minute costate species is distinguished by its
ornamentation in which short and long costae alternate.
As a result, the main body of the test is covered by fine,
sharp costae, and each alternate costa disappears toward
the bluntly tapering base of the test and the more
sharply tapering apertural end of the test.

Lagena meridionalis is similar to L. a/mphora. They
are both costate but differ in that the costae of L. meri-
dionalz's are finer, lower, and more numerous, and do not
extend onto the neck, whereas those of L. amphora are
high, platelike, and do extend completely onto the aper-
tural neck.

L. m‘erz'dz'onalis was described from a depth of 385
meters (about 210 fathoms) in the Antarctic and has
also been reported from the Arctic. It was found
rarely at Pamplona 4 and 7 and at Kasaan Bay.

RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

Lagena pliocenica Cushman and Gray
Plate 3, figure 19

Legend pliocem‘ca Cushman and Gray, 1946, Cushman Lab.
Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 19, p. 19, pl. 3, figs. 39—42.

This species, known from the Pliocene to Recent along
the west coast of North America and in Japan, is repre-
sented in our material by rare individuals from the
searidge.

The species appears to be variable in shape. Our spec-
imens are more globular than the types which tend to
have a flattened base. Ornamentation consists of about
12 heavy but short costae surrounding a central smooth
area at the base of the test and of several faint costae
spiralling along the length of the apertural neck. La-
gena arena/ta Parker and Jones (1865, p. 420, pl. 18, fig.
4) is somewhat similar in having basal costae, but the
costae are more numerous and the test is more conical
than globular in shape. L. pliocem'ca is rather like a
specimen of L. Zaevis with the addition of ornamenta-
tion.

Lagena striata (d’Orbigny)
Plate 3, figure 20
Oolina striata d’Orbigny, 1839, Voyage dans l’Amérique Méri-
dionale, v. 5, pt. 5, Foraminiféres, p. 21, pl. 5, fig. 12.
Lagena striata (d’Orbigny). Heron-Allen and Earland, 1932,
Discovery Repts., v. 4, p. 366, pl. 10, figs. 10—12.
Boltovskoy, 1954, Inst. Nac. Inv. Cienc. Nat, Mus. Argen-
tino, Cienc. Nat. * * * Rev., v. 3, no. 3, p. 151, pl. 6, figs.
2, 3.
Asano, 1956, Tohoku Univ. Sci. Repts., ser. 2 (Geology),
v. 27, p. 32, pl. 5, figs. 28, 29.
Jarke, 1960, Internat. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiologie. v. 45,
pt. 4, pl. 5, fig. 2.
Andersen, 1961, Louisiana Geol. Survey. Geol. Bull. 35, pt.
2, p. 78, pl. 16, fig. 15.

Our specimens, occurring rarely on the searidge and
at Kasaan Bay, are typical of this species as described
from off the Falklands. It has been widely reported
from both cold and \‘arm \‘aters, and specimens show
great variability in shape and strength of costae. Our
specimens, however, are quite uniform. They are 0.20—
0.25 nnn in diameter; the slender neck arises abruptly
from the body of the test; the costae are very fine, deli-
cate, evenly spaced, and there are more than 50 around
the circumference of the test. The neck is also orna—
mented by a few oblique costac spiralling around it.

Family POLYMORPHINIDAE
Genus GUTTULINA d’Orbigny, 1839
Guttulina cf. G. orientalis Cushman and Ozawa

Five large poorly preserved specimens from depths
of about 100 fa‘thoms on the searidge compare closely
with Guttulma orientalis Cushnian and ()Zawa (1928,

 

A25

p. 15, pl. 2, fig. 1), described from upper Pliocene sedi-
ments in Japan. The species has also been reported
(Cushman and Ozawa, 1930, p. 24, pl. 3, figs. 2, 3) from
dredgings of Recent sediments oif Japan at depths of
100 and 114 fathoms. The present specimens are be-
tween 1.6 and 2 mm in length and appear worn and
stained. Perforations of the wall, such as result from
fistulose outgrowths on polymorphinids, are present
near the apertural end. Opaqueness of the surface ob-
scures the exact chamber arrangement.

Genus SIGMOMORI’HINA Cushman and Ozawa, 1928
Sigmomorphina trilocularis (Bagg)
Plate 3, figures 15, 16

Polymorphina trilocularis Bagg, 1912, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull.
513, p. 75, pl. 22, figs. 15—18.
Sigmomorphina trilocularis (Bagg). Cushman and Ozawa, 1930,
US. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 77, art. 6, p. 136, pl. 36, fig. 5.
Records show this species occurs in the upper Terti—
ary and Recent sediments of Japan, the west coast of
North America, and the North Pacific area. The pres-
ent specimens vary in size, with a maximum length of
2.5 mm and a maximum breadth of 0.75 mm. The shape
of the test is also variable with the sutures more deeply
depressed in some specimens and the chamber arrange-
ment. giving a more twisted appearance in some than
in others (pl. 3, fig. 15).
The state of preservation ranges from fairly fresh,
translucent surfaces to worn, opaque tests and casts.

Genus POLYMORI’HINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Polymorphina charlottensis Cushman
Plate 3, figure 13

Polymorphmw charlotte’nsis Cus‘hman, 1925, Cushman Lab.
Foram. Research Contr., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 41, pl. 6, fig. 9.
Cushman and Todd, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research
Spec. Pub. 21, p. 12, pl. 2, fig. 11.

This species was described from material from a
depth of 25 fathoms in Queen Charlotte Sound, and
most of the subsequent records have been from Recent
and upper Tertiary sediments of the northern Pacific.
Illustrations of specimens from beds of middle Pliocene
age in the Netherlands (ten Dam and Reinhold, 1941, p.
51, pl. 3, figs. 2, 3) also seem to compare favorably with
this identification. I’o/ymorphina char-Zottensis occurs
rarely in six of our samples, depths ranging from 25 to
148 fathoms. Many of our specimens are much worn,
opaque, and even filled.

Polymorphina kincaidi Cushman and Todd

Plate 3, figure 14

I’olymorphina kincaidi Cushman and Todd, 1947, Cushman Lab.
Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 21, p. 12, pl. 2, figs. 9, 10.

A26

Although many of our specimens of Poly/morphine;
Icincaidi. from the searidge show signs of abrasion, the
general shape of the test and the longitudinal costae
make the identification fairly certain. Since being de-
scribed from Recent shallow sediments from the coast
of Washington, this species has been recorded only
twice: beds of questionable Pliocene age on Amchitka
island (Cushman and Todd, 1947, p. 64, pl. 15, figs.
16, 17) and Pliocene formations of Japan coastal areas
(Asano, 1951a, p. 9, fig. 42).

Family BULIMINIDAE
Genus BULIMINELLA Cushman, 1911
Buliminella elegantissima (d’Orbigny)
Plate 3, figure 36
Buliminella cleyantissime (d’Orbigny) Cushman. Cushman and
Parker, 1947, US. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 210—D, p. 67,
pl. 17, figs. 10—12.

The diverse habitats of this species render it compara-
tively useless for close ecologic interpretation. It was
common in the Excursion Inlet sample, but the only
other specimen found in our material was in the sample
from Lynn Canal. The specimens appear to have been
living Where collected. In addition to their fresh ap-
pearance, they show a faint green coloration through the
translucent wall, a condition noted in specimens of
Eth/édimn. galeesto’nense Kornfeld, known to have been
living when studied from the island of Martha’s Vine-
yard, Mass. (Todd and Low, 1961, p. 19).

Buliminella subfusiformis Cushman
Plate 3, figure 37

Buliminclla subfuaiformis Cushman, 1925, Cushman Lab. Foram.
Research Contr., V. 1, pt. 2, p. 33, pl. 5, fig. 12.
Cushman and Parker, 1947, U.S. Geo]. Survey Prof. Paper
210—D, p. 64, pl. 16, fig. 21.

Bulimimella subfasz'fomm's was described from the
Monterey Shale (Miocene) in California and has since
been recorded mostly from Tertiary sediment-S. Our
specimens compare closely with the types, having dis—
tinctly depressed sutures and rounded chambers result-
ing in a lobulate periphery. They difl'er from specimens
of Bulimia/t 60/2/7713 var. temmz‘a (Cushman)—originally
described as a variety of Bulz'mz'nella s'ubfusz'fomm's from
Recent sediments in the eastern Pacific—in not being
long and slender. Also, the periphery of Bula'mz'na
(mi/is var. fenuata is smooth, not lobulated as in Buli-
m 1' mafia subfusz'formis.

Genus GLOBOIBULIMINA Cushman, 1927
Globobulimina auriculata (Bailey)
Plate 3, figure 38

liulimina auriculata Bailey, 1851, Smithsonian Contr., v. 2, art. 3,
p. 12. pl., figs. 25—27.

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALE ONTOLOGY

Bulimina (Desinobulimina) auriculata Bailey. Cushman and
Parker, 1940, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research C‘ontr., v.
16, p. 20, pl. 3, figs. 19—21.

Globobulimina (Desinobulimina) auriculate (Bailey). Parker
1952, Harvard 0011., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 106, no.
9, p. 416, pl. 5, fig. 29.

Globabulz’mina auriculata is widely distributed in
upper Tertiary and Recent sediments. No attempt is
made here to separate the specimens into the geograph-
ical formae or subspecies determined by Hoglund
(1947). Our specimens are abundant in Kasaan Bay
and Clarence Strait. They are distinctly translucent
and show the internal spiral tube culminating in the ear-
shaped tooth.

Genus VIRGULINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Virgulina fusiformis (Williamson)

Plate 3, figure 35

Bulimimz pupoides d’Orbigny var. fusiformis Williamson, 1858,
Recent Foram. Great Britain, Ray Soc, p. 63, pl. 5, figs.
129, 130.

Virgulina fusiformis (Williamson). Parker, 1952, Harvard
Coll., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 106, no. 9, p. 417, pl. 6,
figs. 3—6.

The species has been recorded only from North Alt-
lantic waters (around the British Isles, off Sweden,
Canadian and Greenland Arctic, and off New England).
Four specimens obtained from the Clarence Strait sam-
ple seem to belong to this species although our material
is Very small and more translucent and less perforate
than the specimens from off Portsmouth, N.H., in the
US. National Museum collections. (See Parker refer-
ence in synonymy.)

Genus BOLIVINA d’Orbigny, 1839
Bolivina alata (Seguenza)

Plate 4, figures 6, 7

Bolivina alata. (Seguenza). Cushman, 1937, Cushman Lab.
Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 9, p. 106, pl. 13, figs. 3—11.

Boliviaa pseudobeym‘chi Cushman. Cushman, 1937, idem, p.
139, pl. 19, figs. 4, 5.

Excellent specimens of Bolim'na alata (Seguenza)
were found in abundance from a depth of 215 fathoms
in Clarence Strait; it was not found, even rarely, in any
other sample studied. The material appears fresh; the
spinose keel is well preserved, and tops of early cham-
bers are clearly visible through the perforate glassy
wall.

The abundance of specimens has emphasized the
range of variability within the species, indicating that
the separation of B. pseudobeyriahi Cushman does not
seem valid. There are both long and short forms with
a distinct variance in the shape of the chambers.
Mostly, however, the backward curvature of the cham-

RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

bers favors the chamber shape attributed to B. alata.
The sutures are depressed but not limbate, only appear-
ing to be so because the keel of preceding chambers is
visible through the glassy wall. The perforations are
coarse but rather widely spaced in the otherwise smooth
wall surface. In most specimens the elongate narrow
aperture has a distinct, raised lip.

The species was described from the Pleistocene of
Italy, and most. of its recorded occurrences as Bolim'na
(data are from the upper Tertiary and Recent sediments
of the Mediterranean area. It has also been recorded
and illustrated from the upper Tertiary sediments in
Georges Bank canyons (Cushman, 1936, p. 431, pl. 5,
fig. 9). Records of Recent- occurrences of the species as
B. pseudobeyfichi show it to be widely represented in
the eastern Pacific Ocean at depths of 55—500 fathoms
(Cushman and McCulloch, 1942, p. 203, pl. 25, figs.
1—3).

Bolivina decussata Brady

Plate 4, figure 11

Bolivina decussata H. B. Brady, 1884, Challenger Rept, Zoology,
v. 9, p. 423, pl. 53, figs. 12, 13.
Cushman, 1937, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec.
Pub. 9, p. 125, pl. 16, figs. 7—9.

Typical specimens, distinctive in their sugary ap-
pearance, were found in all but two of our samples
making this the most northern occurrence so far of
this species. Previous records have been restricted to
the colder and deeper waters of the Pacific, mostly in
the Southern Hemisphere but a few occurrences near
Japan.

Specimens from the Monterey shale (Miocene) of
California attributed to this species (Cushman, 1925,
p. 31, pl. 5, fig. 6) appear to be too thick to be
true decuss'afa, which is smaller and compressed.

Bolivina oceanica Cushman

Plate 4, figure 13

Bout-ma oceam’ca Cushman, 1933, Cushman Lab, Foram.
Research Contr., v. 9, p. 81, pl. 8, fig. 10.

Only two specimens were found in Pamplona 7, from
a depth of 100 fathoms. They compare favorably with
the types of Bolim'nn oceanica Cushman described from
deep waters of the tropical Pacific. The species has
also been recorded from short cores from San Jorge
Gulf, Argentina (Boltovskoy, 1954a).

Bolivina pacifica Cushman and McCulloch

Plate 4, figure [14

Bolivina acerosa Cushman var. pacifica Cushman and McCul-
loch, 1942, Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v. 6, n0. 4, p. 185,
pl. 21, figs. 2, 3.

 

A27

Bolivma pacifica Cushman and McCulloch. Walton, 1955, Jour.
Paleontology, v. 29, p. 1002, pl. 102, fig. 4.
Bolivina pseudopunctata Htiglund, 1947, Z001. Bidrag fran
Uppsala, v. 26, p. 273, pl. 24, fig. 5; pl. 32, figs. 23, 24;
text figs. 280., 281, 287.
Parker, 1952, Harvard 0011., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull.,
v. 106, no. 9, p. 414, pl. 5, figs. 20, 21.
Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. 001111., v. 121,
no. 7, p. 111, pl. 20, figs. 13, 14.

This species was originally described from 10 fathoms
in the Gulf of California. In Todos Santos Bay, Baja
California, however, lValton (1950, p. 1002) found its
peak distribution to be 50—100 fathoms. It occurs in
three of our samples at depths ranging from 85 to 100
fathoms and in one (Kasaan Bay) at a depth of 47—57
fathoms.

Our specimens are fresh, and the structure is easily
seen. The species is distinctive; the early part of each
chamber is finely punctate and the later part of the
chamber, in most specimens, is imperforate and trans-
parent. This glassy part topping the chambers strongly
accents the angled sutures.

The majority of recorded occurrences are from off the
west coast of North America and from parts of the
North Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic. Bolivina
pacified appears not to occur in warm waters. Speci—
mens identified as Bolz'm'na pseudoptmctata Htiglund
(Todd and Bronnimann, 1957, p. 33, pl. 8, fig. 11) from
the Gulf of Paria, Trinidad, do not belong in this
species. In those specimens, the perforations are
coarser, resulting in a sugary appearance, the sutures
are not as oblique as in B. pacifica, and the early part of
the test is distinctly and evenly striate.

Bolivina subaenariensis Cushman

Plate 4, figure 8
Bolivina subuenariensis Cushman, 1922, US. Natl. Mus. Bull.
104, pt. 3, p. 46, pl. 7, fig. 6.

The single specimen found in Clarence Strait com-
pares well with the types from near Nantucket off the
northeast shore of North America. Although the aper-
ture and final chamber are broken, the slight keel, apical
spine, and costae over the early part are intact.

Most of the records of this species, including the vari-
ants (Todd, 1958, p. 193), are from the Atlantic Ocean,
the Mediterranean, and the Gulf of Mexico. Saidova
(1960, p. 107, text fig. 6 (map)) has reported it without
illustration from the Okhotsk Sea, the closest area in
its recorded distribution to our source of material.

Subgenus LOXOSTOMUM Ehrenberg, 1854
Bolivina (Loxostomum) porrecta (Brady)

Plate 4, figure 12
anostomu porrcctum (H. B. Brady). Cushman, 1937, Onsh-
inan Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 9, p. 190, pl. 22,
figs. 7—10.

A28

This widely recorded species occurs rarely in two of
the Pamplona samples.

Genus FISSURINA Reuss, 1850
Fissurina agassizi Todd and Bronnimann

Plate 3, figure 30

Fisstm‘na, agassizi Todd and Bronnimann, 1957, Cushman
Found. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 3, p. 36, pl. 9, fig. 14.

A single specimen from Pamplona 3 is referred to this
species described from the Gulf of Paria, Trinidad.
Except for its larger size (about 0.30 mm in length and
0.25 mm in diameter), it seems identical in consisting of
a simple globular test that is compressed toward one end
where an elongate slit serves as the apertural opening.

Fissurina cucurbitasema Loeblich and Tappan

Plate 3, figure 23

Fissurina cucurbitasema Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smith-
sonian Misc. Colln., v. 121, no. 7, p. 76, pl. 14, figs. 10, 11,
Rare but typical specimens were found at Pamplona
3. This small species, resembling a melon seed in shape,
was described from Ungava Bay and reported from
various other localities in Arctic Canada and off Green-
land and northern Alaska. It has also been recorded
from the Barents Sea and from off the coasts of Cali-

fornia and Oregon.

Fissurina lucida (Williamson)

Plate 3, figure 31
Entosolenia marginata var. lucida Williamson, 1848, Annals
Mag. Nat. History, ser. 2, v. 1, p. 17, pl. 2, fig. 17.
Entosolenia lucida Williamson. Cushman and Gray, 1946,
Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 19, p. 30,
pl. 5, figs. 16—18.
Cushman, 1949, Inst. royal sci. nat. Belgique, Mém. 111,
p. 35, pl. 7, fig. 2.
Fissmina lucida (Williamson). Loeblich and Tappan, 1953,
Smithsonian Misc. Colln., V. 121, no. 7, p. 76, pl. 14, fig. 4.
Detling, 1958, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr.,
v. 9, p. 27, pl. 7, fig. 15.

This widely recorded species is represented by excel-
lent specimens in Pamplona 3, 4, 7, and 8 and in the
samples from Clarence Strait and Excursion Inlet.

This is a relatively large species for this genus. Our
specimens range from 0.50 to 0.60 mm in length, 0.40
to 0.48 mm in breadth, and 0.28 to 0.32 mm in thickness.
They are surrounded by a narrow keel on the periphery,
and the flattened faces are somewhat translucent with a
broad opaque band just within the periphery making a
horseshoe pattern on the face of the test.

Genus OOLINA d’Orbigny, 1839
Oolina apiopleura (Loeblich and Tappan)

Plate 3, figure 24

Lagemt apiopleum Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc.
Colln., v. 121, no. 7, p. 59, pl. 10, figs. 14, 15.

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

Asano, 1956, Tohoku Univ. Sci. Repts., ser. 2 (Geology), v.
27, p. 30, pl. 5, figs. 26, 27.
Jarke, 1960, Internat. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiologie, v. 45,
no. 4, pl. 6, fig. 10.
Lagena acuticosta Reuss. Cushman, 1944, Cushman Lab. Foram.
Research Spec. Pub. 12, p. 20, pl. 3, fig. 5.

This species and Ooh'na borealz's are similar, both
being covered by smooth, robust, well-separated longi-
tudinal ribs. They difl'er in the following respects: 0.
apiopleum is smaller (diameter about 0.20 mm) and
somewhat elongated, whereas 0. borealz's is larger (di-
ameter about 0.40 mm) and more nearly globular; the
apertural opening is surrounded by a definitely raised
smooth area like a collar in 0. borealis, whereas in 0.
apiopleum the ribs grade onto the short apertural neck;
there are fewer ribs (about 11) on 0. apiopleura than
on 0. borealz’s (about 16) , the difference being a result of
the difference in size. In both species, the apertural
neck is very short. The internal tube, visible only
through a broken chamber wall, barely projects into the
chamber cavity.

0. apiopleum was originally described from ofl" Point
Barrow, Alaska, and has been recorded from northwest
Greenland, Ungava Bay in Northeastern Canada, the
Barents Sea, the continental shelf ofi’ Japan, and off
northern New England. Other reported occurrences,
including occurrences under other names, indicate that
this species is a Widespread one, mostly in cold waters.

Oolina borealis Loeblich and Tappan
Plate 3, figure 34

Oolina borealis Loeblich and Tappan, 1954, Washington Acad.
Sci. Jour., v. 44, no. 12, p. 384.
Entosolcm'w costata Williamson, 1858 (not Oolina costata Egger,
1857), Recent Foram, Great Britain, Ray Soc, p. 9, pl. 1,
fig. 18.
Lagena costata (Williamson). Cushman, 1944, Cushman Lab.
Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 12, p. 21, pl. 3, fig. 4.
Cushman and Todd, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research
Spec. Pub. 21, p. 10, pl. 2, fig. 1.
Cushman and McCulloch, 1950, Allan Hancock Pacific Ex-
ped., v. 6, no. 6, p. 335, pl. 44, fig. 7.
Oolina costatw (Williamson). Parker, 1952, Harvard 0011., Mus.
Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 106, no. 9, p. 409, pl. 4, figs. 20, 21.
Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 121,
no. 7, p. 68, pl. 13, figs. 4—6.
Boltovskoy, 1954, Inst. Nac. Inv. Cienc. Nat, Mus. Argen-
tino, Cienc. Nat. * * * Rev., v. 3, no. 3, p. 156, pl. 6, fig. 7.

This species was originally described from off the
British Isles. It has a probably worldwide distribution
in cold waters. Its morphology and distinguishing
characteristics are discussed with those of Oolz'na apiop—
Zeum to which it is similar and possibly related.

RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

Oolina hexagona (Williamson)

Plate 3, figure 28

Galina hewagomz. (Williamson). Loeblich and Tappan, 1953,
Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 121, no. 7, p. 69, pl. 14, figs.
1, 2.
Andersen, 1961, Louisiana Geol. Survey, Geol. Bull. 35, pt.
2, p. 98, pl. 20, fig. 19.

Two single specimens, from Pamplona 3 and 7, are
referred to this widely recorded species. It is distin-
guished by its honeycomb surface in which the pits are
arranged at random and not alined. Our specimens are
about 0.12 mm in diameter and have a very short aper-
tural neck extending out from the tapering apertural
end of the test.

Oolina laevigata d’Orbigny
Plate 3, figure 32

Oolma laem‘gata d’Orbigny, 1839, Voyage dans Amén‘que Méri—»

dionale, v. 5, pt. 5, Foraminiferes, p. 19, pl. 5, fig. 3.
Todd, 1957, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 294—F, p. 224
(table 1), pl. 29, figs. 5, 8 [1958].
Legend laevigata (d’Orbigny). Heron-Allen and Earland, 1932,
Discovery Repts., v. 4, p. 361, pl. 10, fig. 4.

We have found only six specimens—four at Pamplona
7 and one each at Pamplona 3 and Gambier Bay—that
seem identical with this species originally described
from off the Falklands. The only other believable il-
lustrations of this species are of a single specimen, also
found near the Falklands, and of several specimens from
the upper Tertiary at Carter Creek in northeastern
Alaska.

Our specimens are characterized by a collar of shell
material surrounding the aperture and by a slender
apical spine. The spine is broken in our specimens; only
the stump of it remains attached to the base of the
chamber. The tests are about 0.48 mm long (exclusive
of spine) and about 0.40 mm in diameter. The wall
is not clear enough to show the internal tube.

Oolina lineatopunctata (Heron-Allen and Earland)

Plate 3, figure 26

Lagena globosa var. lineato-pmlctata Heron-Allen and Earland,
1922, British Antarctic Exped, Zoology. v. 6, p. 142, pl. 5,
figs. 12——14.
Oolina lineato-puncmta (Heron-Allen and Earland). Loeblich
and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Collni, v. 121, no.
7, p. 70, pl. 13, fig. 8.
Only two typical specimens were found at Pam-
plona 7. They are small, about 0.20 mm in length and
0.12 mm in diameter.

Oolina melo d’Orbigny
Plate 3, figure 27

Oolina melo d’Orbigny, 1839, Voyage dans Alnérique Méridionale,
v. 5, pt. 5, Foraminiferes, p. 20, pl. 5, fig. 9.

 

A29

Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v.
121, no. 7, p. 71, pl. 12, figs. 8—15.

Boltovskoy, 1954, Inst. Nae. Inv. Cienc. Nat., Mus. Argentino,
Cienc. Nat. * * * Rev., v. 3, n0. 3, p. 155, pl. 6, fig. 9.

Asano, 1956, Tohoku Univ. Sci. Repts., ser. 2 (Geology),
v. 27, p. 43, pl. 5, figs. 44—50.

Detling, 1958, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr.,
v.9, pt. 2, p. 27, pl. 7, fig. 14.

van Voorthuysen, 1960, Koninkl. Nederlands Geol.-Mijnb.
Genoot., Verh., Geol. Ser., pt. 19, p. 247, pl. 10, fig. 16.

Andersen, 1961, Louisiana Geol. Survey, Geo-1. Bull. 35, pt. 2,
p. 99, pl. 20, fig. 20.

This species has surface ornamentation similar to
that of Oolina hemagona but differing in that the honey-
comb pits are larger and are alined in vertical rows
rather than randomly arranged. Diameter of our
specimens is about 0.25 mm. 0. melo was described
from off the Falklands, has been reported from many
other areas, and is found in both the Arctic and the
Antarctic, as well as localities from lower latitudes.

Oolina striatopunctata (Parker and Jones)
Plate 3, figure 25

Lagena sulowta (Walker and Jacob) var. striatopunctata
Parker and Jones, 1865, Royal Soc. [London] Philos.
Trans, v. 155, p. 350, pl. 13, figs. 25—27.

Oolina striatopunotata (Parker and Jones). Loeblich and
Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 121, no. 7,
p. 74, pl. 12, figs. 2—5.

This well-known and very widely reported species
was found at Pamplona 4, 7, and 8. Its distribution
seems to be worldwide. It is a beautifully ornamented
form, with 10—14 heavy longitudinal ribs, and the ribs
themselves ornamented by longitudinal striations and
pits or pores in transverse rows. The aperture is at the
end of a slender neck and is surrounded by a narrow
phialine lip.

Oolina williamsoni (Alcock)
Plate 3, figure 29

Entosolcm’u William-mm Alcock, 1865, Manchester Lit. Philos.
Soc. Proc., v. 4, p. 195.

Lagcna williamsom’ (Alcock). Wright, 1876—77, Belfast Nat.
Field Club Proc., Appendix, p. 104, pl. 4, fig. 14.

Balkwill and Wright, 1885, Royal Irish Acad. Trans, V. 28,
Sci., 1). 339, pl. 14, figs. 6—8.

Halkyard, 1889, Manchester Micros. Soc. Trans, p. 12, pl.
1, fig. 15.

Cushnian. 1933, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 161, pt. 2, p. 34, pl. 8,
fig. 8; 1949, Inst. royal sci. nat. Belgique Mém. 111, p. 22,
pl. 4, fig. 11.

Cushman and McCulloch, 1950, Allan Hancock Pacific
Exped, v. 6. no. 6, p. 362, pl. 48, figs. 14, 15.

Cushman. Todd, and Post, 1954, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof.
Paper 260—H. p. 344, pl. 86, fig. 20.

Oolina u‘illiflmsoni (Alcock). van Voorthuysen, 1951, Nether-
lands, Geol. Stichting, Mededee1., new ser., no. 5, p. 24
(list), pl. 1, fig. 14; 1960, Koninkl. Nederlands, Geol.-
Mijub. Genoot. Verh.. Gelo. Ser., pt. 19, p. 247. pl. 10,
fig. 18.

A30

This species is similar to Ooli’na apiopleura in orna-
mentation, differing only in the addition of honeycomb
cells around the upper part, surrounding the aperture.

Only a single specimen was found in Pamplona 3.
0. williamsom' was originally named from off the Irish
coast and has been widely reported from the Atlantic
and the Pacific, but not from the Arctic or Antarctic.

Genus UVIGERINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Uvigerina peregrine. Cushman

Plate 4, figures 1—3

Um‘gerina peregrine Cushlman, 1923, US. Natl. Mus. Bull. 104,
pt. 4, p. 166, pl. 42, figs. 7—10.

Typical specimens of Uvigerz'na peregrina Cushman
are distinguished by the platelike costae and hispid sur-
face. Several varieties have been named within this
species, but the departures from typical are so gradual
in our specimens we are using only the original name
and illustrating two extremes and the normal form
within the species.

Elongate individuals lacking a granular surface be-
tween costae or on the costae themselves (pl. 4, fig. 1)
compare most closely with specimens described as U.
peregrine var. bradyama Cushman (1923, p. 168, pl. 42,
fig. 12). These are common, the best individuals oc-
curring in Pamplona 3, 4, 7, and 8 and the sample from
Kasaan Bay. Some tests do tend to look a little sugary,
and some lack typical costae over the final chamber.

There is a. gradual transition to specimens typical of
U. peregréna (pl. 4, fig. 2) which compare well with
numerous paratypes in the National Museum collections.
The sugary appearance progresses to a distinct granula—
tion between the costae especially toward the apertural
end of the test and even to a crystallization along the
edges of the costae. The more typical specimens are not
as common and occur only in the sample from Clarence
Strait and sample 8 from Pamplona Searidge.

The second variation from the typical form is a grad»
ual intensifying of hispidity to an almost completely
spinose test (pl. 4, fig. 3). The granulation deepens on
and between the costae but even in the extremely
roughened surfaces, traces of the nearly obscured costae
may be seen. Like the typical specimens, hispid tests
are less common and occur only in Clarence Strait and
Pamplona 8. These specimens compare best with U.
peregrine var. parvula Cushman (1923, p. 168, pl. 42,
fig. 11), paratypes and topotypes of which are much
more spinose than the original description or illustra—
tion indicate.

The typical species and the variety bradyana were de—
scribed from off the northeast coast of North America ;.
the variety parruia was described from the Gulf of

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALE ONTOLOGY

Mexico. All the forms have been widely recorded from
warm and cold waters and from deposits as old as
Miocene.
Uvigerina sp.
Plate 4, figure 4

Two specimens have been compared with Um‘ger’im
senticosa Cushman (1927, p. 159, pl. 3, fig. 14). They
differ, however, in being more coarsely hispid through—
out and more evenly graduated in size from the rounded
initial end to the broadest area of the final chamber.
The sutures are straight and depressed, the periphery
lobulate. The hispidity is evenly distributed over the
test. The spines are not alined and do not seem to be
following hidden costae as they do on the more spinose
specimens of U. peregrine.

Genus ANGULOGERINA Cushman, 1927
Angulogerina fluens Todd

Plate 4, figure 5

Angulogcrina, fluens Todd in C‘ushman and McCtulloch, 1948,
Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., V. 6, no. 5, p. 288, pl. 36,
fig. 1.
Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v.
121, no. 7, p. 112, pl. 20, figs. 10—12.

Angulogerina fluens is one of the more common and
easily distinguished species in this material. The
strongly curved sutures accent the compression of the
walls of the later chambers, and the neck is short and
has a rim. It was described from Wrangell, Alaska, and
was common to abundant in material from the Arctic
studied by Loeblich and Tappan (1953).

Family DISCORBIDAE
Genus ROSALINA d’Orbigny, 1826

Rosalina ornatissima (Gushman)
Plate 4. figure 23

Discorbis ornalissima Cushman. 1925. Cushman Lab. Foram.
Research Contr., v. 1, p. 42. pl. 6, figs. 11. 12.
Detling. 1948, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr..
v. 9, p. 30, pl. 8, figs. 9. 10.

The sample from Gambier Bay contained numerous
rotaliform specimens having the distinctive features of
Rosalind ornatissima: circular outline with little or no
indentation, fragile concave ventral surface ornamented
with coarse papillae (in many specimens part of this
surface is broken away), and several specimens joined
in plastogamy. In addition, a single specimen was
found in Kasaan Bay. The entire suite compares very
well with the holotype and many paratypes from Virago
and Queen Charlotte Sounds, British Columbia, in the
National Museum collections.

RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

Basalt/nu amatissima is probably related to R.
wrightz’i (Brady), a species which has been widely re-
ported in the Arctic under the name E pom'des wrightii.
The two species can be confused, but their differences
are distinct. The periphery of the former is entire,
the indentation marking the end of the final chamber
not easily seen as in R. wrightz'i. The ornamentation
on the ventral surface of B. w’r‘z'ghtz'i is more like fine
beading radiating from the umbilical area toward but
not over the periphery, which is rounded and glassy
smooth. On Rosalind omatz'ssz'ma the ventral surface
is completely covered by coarse papillae, more randomly
arranged, which become finer at the peripheral edge.
This ornamentation may be observed in peripheral View
as a fine serration around the edge of each specimen
even when the specimens are attached in plastogamy.
The delicate ventral wall is broken out in some tests ex-
posing as many as four chambers beneath.

In addition to the original record from British Co-
lumbia, R. ormtissz'ma has been reported from the San
Juan Islands and as far south as Sunset Bay, Oregon.

Rosalina wrightii (Brady)

Discorbina Wrightii Brady, 1881, Annals Mag. Nat. History,
ser. 5, v. 8, p. 413, pl. 21, fig. 6.
Epmzidcs wrightii (H. B. Brady). Cushman, 1948, Cushman
Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 23, p. 72, pl. 8, fig. 4.
Parker, 1952, Harvard 0011., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v.
106, no. 9. p. 420, pl. 6, figs. 14, 15; no. 10, p. 450, pl. 5,
fig. 4.
Saidova, 1961, Ekologiya Foraminifer “ t * severo—
zapadnoi chasti Tikhogo okeana, p. 64, pl. 19, fig. 132.

Only two specimens of this species were found, one
each in Pamplona. 3 and 7. They are small (0.4 and
0.6 mm in diameter), low, cap-shaped specimens, with
the flat or concave ventral surface ornamented by a
crudely radial pattern of fine and irregular beading
that diminishes some distance within the periphery,
leaving the ventral border of the periphery smooth and
rounded.

This species was described from Novaya Zemlya in
the Arctic and has been widely reported in both the
Atlantic and the Pacific, even as far south as Long
Island Sound. In our collections it occurred only in
the searidge samples, whereas its close relative, 11?. ama-
tz'ssz'ma (Cushman), was found only in two of the fjord-
land samples.

Genus EPONIDES Montfort, 1808
Eponides isabelleanus (d’Orbig‘ny)
Plate 4. figures 22, 24

Rosali’ma isabcllcana d’Orbigny, 1839, Voyage dans Amérique
Méridionale. v. 5, pt. 5, Foraminiferes, p. 43, pl. 6, figs.
10—12.

 

A31

Test robust, trochoid, biconveX with umbilical area de-
pressed, umbilicus containing low knobs of shell mate—
rial which may be broken away, equatorial outline circu-
lar to subovate, slightly lobulate, periphery subacute,
limbate, with blunt keel; chambers distinct, 5 or 6 in the
adult whorl increasing in size as added, easily discernible
on both sides, slightly inflated and rounded on ventral
side to a slight shoulder toward umbilicus; sutures dis—
tinct on both sides, on dorsal side flush in early part to
a slightly raised welt within a depression in later part,
limbate, glassy, curved gently backward, on ventral side
depressed, radial, straight to only slightly curved, made
somewhat irregular in some specimens by traces of
earlier apertures; wall thick, smooth, translucent, finely
perforate, occasionally larger pores visible on face of
final chamber on ventral side, fresh specimens colored
cream to tan, darkening toward central area on both
dorsal and ventral sides; aperture a slightly arched slit
at base of final chamber, going from umbilicus part way
to periphery, seldom extending as far as keel, traces of
previous apertures appear as arches on inner ends of
sutures near umbilical area. Diameter up to 1.8 mm;
thickness up to 0.9 mm.

These heavy-walled specimens conform well with
d’Orbigny’s original description and illustrations of
this species from the Falklands. As examination of
material subsequently attributed to this species by vari-
ous authors indicates a diverse interpretation of the
form, only the original designation is being cited.

The following features support the placement of this
species in the genus E panides : Heavy wall, glassy in part
yet perforate, thickened shell material around periphery,
aperture extending outward from umbilicus but not to
periphery. These features are also given by d’Orbigny
for the species, and, furthermore, the present specimens
agree with d’Orbigny’s description in coloration. Older
individuals tend to lose color, and those most worn
become white and opaque.

There is a good representation of Epom'des imbell—
mmm in the Pamplona Searidge material, especially in
Pamplona 4.

Family ROTALIIDAE
Genus BUCCELLA Andersen, 1952

Buccella frigida (Cushman)
Plate 4. figure 20
Epomdcs frigidus (Cushman). Cushman, 1948, Cushnian Lab.
Foram. Research, Spec. Pub. 23, p. 71, pl. 8, fig. 7.
Buccella frigida (Cushinan). Andersen, 1952, Washington
Acad. Sci. Jour., v. 42, no. 5. p. 144, text figs. 4—6.
Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 121,
no. 7, p. 115, pl. 22, figs. 2, 3.

This species was described from the Canadian Arctic
and is typical of areas of cold water. It was not found

A32

in any of the searidge samples but was most common in
Kasaan Bay and Excursion Inlet.

Genus ROTALIA Lamarck, 1804
Rotalia columbiensis (Cushman)

Plate 4, figure 25

Pulvinulina columbiensis Cushman, 1925, Gushman Lab. Foram.
Research Contr., v. 1, p. 43, pl. 7, fig. 1.

Trichohyalus columbiensis (Cushman). Cockbain, 1963, Cush-
man Found. Fox-am. Research Contr., v. 14, table 2.

Trichohyalus pustulata Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian
Misc. (John, V. 121, no. 7, p. 118, pl. 23, fig. 9 (not fig. 8).

This large, biconvex, heavily built species bears strong
resemblance to the type of the genus from the Eocene of
France, Rotalia. troohidiformis Lamarck (Davies, 1932,
p. 416, pl. 2, figs. 8, 10—15; pl. 3, figs. 1, 8—13; pl. 4, figs.
3—6, 9—11). The final whorl is visible only dimly on the
dorsal side of a few specimens and consists of about
eight. chambers; the dorsal sutures are flush and mostly
obscure. The distinctive ventral surface of R. colum-
biensz's is covered completely to the peripheral edge by
heavy pustules, unlike R. trookédiformis in which the
pustules are neatly contained by a rim of solid shell
material around the perimeter. This heavy rugose sur-
face is broken up on some specimens of R. columbz'ensz's
by relatively smooth elongate blisterlike swellings radi-
ating from the center. The aperture is at the base of
the final chamber within the ventral surface. The final
chamber itself curves gently into the almost circular
outline of the test, sometimes distinguished only by the
less rugose surface of its silhouette on the ventral side
and the slight indentation of the aperture. These char-
acteristics are obscured, however, by the overall coarse
pustules.

This species was described from two localities in Brit-
ish Columbia—20 fathoms in Queen Charlotte Sound
and 8—15 fathoms in Virago Sound. It has been re—
ported as constituting an appreciable proportion (17
percent) of the assemblage at one station in Juan de
Fuca Strait, south of Victoria, British Columbia (Cock-
bain, 1963, table 2).

The report of this species (as E pan ides coimnbiemz’s)
from fossil material on Amchitka Island (Cushman
and Todd, 1947, p. 68) proves to have been in error.

The holotype of the species described as Trichohyahw
pustuiam Loeblich and Tappan (1953, p. 118) from
Albatross D3600 off the Aleutian Islands from a depth
of 16.5 meters (9 fathoms) appears to belong in R. 00—
lumbz‘ensix. The species was based on only two speci-
mens, one of which is a broken test which probably
belongs in Rosalind ornatzlssima (Cushman.)

Our abundant specimens come from a depth of 10
fathoms in Gam’bier Bay and compare most favorably

 

CONTRIBUTIONS T0 PALE ONTOLOGY

with the types of the species. We can find little com-
parison between Botalz'a and T richohyalus, however,
and we believe they are generically distinct.

Genus EPISTOMINELLA Husezima and Maruhasi, 1944
Epistominella pacifica (Cushman)

Plate 5, figure .18

Pulvinulinella pacified Clus‘hman, 1927, Scripps Inst. Oceanog-
raphy Bull., Tech. ser., v. 1, no. 10, p. 165, pl. 5, figs. 14, 15.
Epistommello pacified (Cushmwan). Bandy, 1953, J our. Paleon-
tology, v. 27, no. 2, p. 172, pl. 23, fig. 2.
Lipps, 1965, Tulane Studies in Geology, v. 3, no. 2, p. 126,
pl. 2, figs. 5, 7.
Epistominetla, pulohelm Husezima and Ma‘ruhasi, 1944, Jour.
Sigenkagaku Kenkyusyo, Tokyo, v. 1, no. 3, p. 398, pl. 34,
fig. 10.
Asano, 1951, Illus. Cat. Japanese Tertiary smaller Foram,
pt. 7, Cassidulinidae, p. 7, text figs. 37—39.
Lipps, 1965, Tulane Studies in Geology, v. 3, no. 2, p. 129,
pl. 2, fig. 4.

This species was described from off the west coast of
America from Panama to Oregon, the type being from
735 fathoms off California. The genus E pistominella
was subsequently erected with E. pulchella from the
Pliocene of Japan as its type species. Comparison be-
tween the type of Pulm'nulinella pacified and topotypes
and other Japanese Pliocene specimens of E p istomi'nella
pulchella confirms that they are the same species. Thus
the earlier name is used.

E pistomz'nella paciflca is nearly flat on the dorsal side
and high conical on the ventral, with each subsequent
chamber progressively more peaked at the inner end,
leaving a high apertural face. The periphery is angled,
bluntly keeled, and slightly lobulated around the last
several chambers. The dorsal sutures are oblique and
curved, the ventral sutures are radial and only slightly
curved. The wall is smooth, finely punctate, and trans-
lucent; in some so nearly transparent that the septal
walls separating the chambers can be seen within the
test. The aperture is a narrow elongate opening paral-
lel with and just ventral to the peripheral keel. Our
specimens are entirely typical, and their empty trans-
lucent tests show clearly their Recent origin.

Epz'sfominella pacifica probably has a large but dis-
continuous area of distribution in and around the North
Pacific basin. We have found this species to occur
commonly at Clarence Strait and rarely at Pamplona 8,

but nowhere else in our collections.

Epistominella vitrea Parker

Plate 5, figure 15

Epistominclla vi-trea Parker in Parker, Phleger, and Peirson,
1953, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 2, p.
9, pl. 4, figs. 34—36, 40, 41.

RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

Parker, 1954, Harvard 0011., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v.
111, no. 10, p. 534, pl. 10, figs. 20, 26.

Phleger, 1954, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v.
38, p. 639, pl. 2, figs. 11, 12.

Warren, 1956, Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Socs. Trans, v. 6,
p. 139 (list), pl. 4, figs. 25, 26.

Lankford, 1959, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v.
43, p. 2098, pl. 3, fig. 14.

Andersen, 1961, Louisiana Geol. Survey, Geo]. Bull. 35, pt. 2,
p. 104, pl. 24, fig. 1.

Pseudoparrclla cf. ewz‘gua (H. B. Brady). Phleger and Parker

(part), 1951, Geol. Soc. America Mem. 46, pt. 2, p. 28, pl.
15, fig. 7 (not fig. 6).

Described from the Mississippi Delta at a depth of 17
meters (9 fathoms), this small species has also been re-
corded from 011' southwestern Texas and from various
other localities in the Gulf of Mexico. Specimens il-
lustrated and recorded as Pseudopaw'ella em’gu‘a
(Brady) from off Argentina (Boltovskoy, 1954a, p. 206,
pl. 17, figs. 9—11; pl. 18, figs. 1, 2, 9; 1954b, p. 288, pl. 28,
fig. 3) may also belong in this species.

In our material typical specimens of Epistomz'nella
citrea occur rarely in four fjordland samples and at
Pamplona 7.

Confusion between E. vitrea and its deep-water
counterpart, E. em‘gua (Brady), is possible. E. oitrea,
however, is recognizable by the following characteris-
tics: 6—61/2 chambers per final whorl, a rounded pe-
riphery, and sutures slightly curved and slightly de—
pressed, especially so at their inner ends on the ventral
side.

The genus Pseudoparrella Cushman and ten Dam has
been resurrected (Lipps, 1965, p. 120) for species
of Epistomz'nella, such as this one, that differ in having
a rounded instead of keeled periphery and a biconvex
rather than planoconvex shape. We do not think, how-
ever, these characters of suflicient importance to jus-
tify their being in different genera.

Family ELPHIDIIDAE
Genus ELPHIDIUM Montfort, 1808
Elphidium bartletti Cushman
Plate 4, figure 19

Elphidium bartletti Cushman, 1933, Smithsonian Misc. Colln.,
v. 89, no. 9, p. 4, pl. 1, fig. 9.
Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v.
121, no. 7, p. 96, pl. 18, figs. 10—14.

This species, originally described from off Labrador
and recorded from many Arctic localities, is represented
rarely at three of our fjordland stations.

It is characterized by a rather shiny wall, rounded
periphery, chambers slightly inflated and sutures
slightly depressed, and a broadly open and depressed
umbilicus. Number of chambers per final whorl is
about 10.

 

A33

Elphidium clavatum Cushman

Plate 4, figures 16, 17

Elphidium claoatum Cushman, Loeblich and Tappan, 1953,
Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 121, no. 7, p. 98, pl. 19, figs.
8—10.
Todd and Low, 1961, Cushman Found. Foram. Research
Contr., v. 12, p. 18, pl. 2, fig. 1.

This well-known and widely reported species is most
common in Clarence Strait and was also found in seven
other of our samples. It has been reported from the
Arctic and from as far south as New York on the
Atlantic side and as far south as British Columbia on
the Pacific side of the North American Continent.
E lphidium clawatum is also a common or abundant con-
stituent of Pleistocene deposits.

Our specimens are found in two forms. One is light-
orange and has a translucent wall in which the chambers
look dark;.the wall pores appear as white dots, and
the sutural pores are indistinct because of the trans-
lucency of the shell material. The other form is white,
has an opaque wall, and the sutural pores are well de-
fined. In this white opaque form the minute wall pores
are indistinct and in most specimens unnoticeable other
than giving the wall a granular rather than shiny sur-
face. 'In both these forms the chambers per final whorl
number about 11. The periphery is bluntly angular
and entire as the chambers are not at all inflated. The
test is thickest through the umbilicus.

Elphidium frigidum Cushman

Plate 4, figures 9, 10

Elphidium frigidum Cushman, 1933, Smithsonian Misc. Colln.,
v. 89, no. 9, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 8.

Cushman and Todd, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research
Spec. Pub. 21, p. 14, pl. 2, fig. 18.

Cushman, 1948, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub.
23, p. 57, pl. 6, figs. 9—11.

Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v.
121, no. 7, p. 99, pl. 18, figs. 4—9.

Elphidium subarcticum Cushman, 1944, Cushman Lab. Foram.
Research Spec. Pub. 12, p. 27, pl. 3, figs. 34, 35; 1948,
Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 23, p. 58, pl. 6.
fig. 12.

Parker, 1952, Harvard 0011., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v.
106, no. 9, p. 412, pl. 5, fig. 9; no. 10, p. 449, pl. 4, figs. 3—6, 8.

Phleger, 1952, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr.,
v. 3, p. 84, pl. 14, fig. 8.

Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 121,
no. 7, p. 105, pl. 19, figs. 5—7.

N onion pauciloculum Cushman, 1944, Cushman Lab. Foram. Re-
search Spec. Pub. 12, p. 24, pl. 3, fig. 25.

Three species (as indicated in the foregoing syn-
onymy), the first two occurring widely in the Arctic,
have been described and discriminated. Further con-
sideration of the features used to discriminate these
three species, however, leads us to reassess their value

A34

and to conclude that they are not consistently developed
and are not, alone, of sufficient importance upon which
to base a reliable separation of species. Hence, the
three species are combined as one Species, and the
earliest name is used.

The features by which these species were formerly
separated are the parallel opaque bands on either side
of the suture lines in E lphz'dium subarcticum, the
slightly greater incision of the sutures in E.
subarcticum, the tendency in E. frigédum of the last
several chambers to be elongated away from the axis
of coiling, the rare presence in E. frigidum of faint
grooves parallel to the periphery on the walls of the
last few chambers, and the development in Nonion
pauciloculum of elongate sutural slits rather than true
retral processes.

In our material, specimens are found in all but three
of our stations. Most of them (pl. 4, fig. 9) are what
would formerly have been placed in E. frigidum in its
restricted sense. But a few (pl. 4, fig. 10), with distinct
bands of opacity along slightly incised sutures, are
more characteristic of what would have been called E.
subarcticum. Nevertheless, we regard them all as be—
longing to a single species.

Elphidium oregonense Cushman and Grant

Plate 4, figure 18

Elphidium orcgoncnsc Cushman and Grant, 1927, San Diego

Soc. Nat. History Trans. V. 15, no. 6, p. 79, pl. 8, fig. 3.

This large (as much as 1.85 mm in diameter) and

complanate species, known from the Pliocene and

Pleistocene of Oregon, California, and the Netherlands

and the Recent of the Arctic, is represented by only a
single typical example from Kasaan Bay.

Genus ELPHIDIELLA Cushman, 1936

Elphidiella. arctica (Parker and Jones)
Plate 4, figure 15

Polystomclla crispa Linné var. arctica Parker and Jones, 1865,
Royal Soc. [London] Philos. Trans, v. 155, p. 401, pl. 14,
figs. 25—30.

Polystomclla arctica Parker and Jones. Brady, 1878, Annals
Mag. Nat. History, ser. 5, v. 1, p. 437, pl. 21, fig. 13.
Elphidiella arctica (Parker and Jones). Phleger, 1952, Cush-
man Found. Foram. Research Contr., v. 3, p. 83, pl. 14,

fig. 14.

Two single specimens were found, at Kasaan Bay and
Lynn Canal. They are recognizable by the double rows
of sutural pores. Otherwise they superficially resemble
specimens of E thidium frigidum in their complanatc
shape, nonindented sutures, and opaque wall. The
present specimens are less inflated and less robust than
is typical for this species, and there is no suggestion of
thickening along the earlier suture lines.

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALE ONTOLOGY

E lphz'diella erotica appears to be mostly restricted to
the Arctic, where it has been reported from many
localities, although it has been reported as far south as
the St. Lawrence River.

Elphidiella groenlandica (Cushman)

Plate 4, figure 21

Elphidium groenlmtdicum Cushman, 1933, Smithsonian Misc.
(John, V. 89, no. 9, p. 4, pl. 1, fig. 10.
Elphidiella groenlandica (Cushman). Cushman, 1939, US. Geol.
Survey Prof. Paper 191, p. 66, pl. 19, fig. 3; 1948, Cushman
Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 23, p. 60, pl. 6, fig. 14.
Loeblich and T-appan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Golln., v. 121,
no. 7, p. 106, pl. 19, figs. 13, 14.
Elphidiclla m'tida Cushman, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Re-
search Contr., v. 17, p. 35, pl. 9, fig. 4.
Loeblich land Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v.
121, no. 7, p. 107, pl. 19, figs. 11, 12.

This smooth species, originally described from ofl’
Greenland and redescribed from the Pleistocene or
Pliocene of Nome, Alaska, occurs abundantly at EX-
cursion Inlet and commonly at Lynn Canal and Kasaan
Bay.

Reexamination of the types of E lphz'dz'um grocnland—
5014777. and E lphidiella m'tz'da indicates that there are no
significant differences between them. Hence, we have
combined them and are using the earlier name. There is
considerable variation within the species with respect
to size and flatness of the test and degree of angularity
of the periphery. Our specimens are similar to the

types.
Family ANOMALINIDAE

Genus CIBICIDE‘S Montfort, 1808
Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob)

Plate 5, figures 1, 2, 4
Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob). Cushman, 1931, U.S.
Natl. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 8, p. 118, pl. 21, fig. 3‘.
Parker, 1932. Harvard C011,, Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v.
106, no. 10, p. 446, pl. 5, fig. 11.
Nyholm, 1961, Z001. Bidrag fran Uppsala, v. 33, p. 157 E,
pls. 1—5.

Specimens of this well-known and almost cosmopoli-
tan species were found in all our samples and were well
represented in some samples. In most of the samples
the species is present in two forms—one, the normal
planoconvex form in which the wall is smooth and
coarsely perforate and all the sutures visible (pl. 5, fig.
4), and another, in which the wall is thickened by shell
material (particularly on the involute conical side) to
such a degree that the surface becomes rugose and cov-
ered by numerous closely set blisters that obscure the
sutures and appear to close the pores through that part
of the wall (pl. 5, figs. 1, 2). These two forms are
gradational to one another.

RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

U'z'bz'cz'des lobatulus is attached during life by the evo—
lute side, which usually reflects the shape of the surface
of attachment. In the light of Nyholm’s (1961) dis-
cussion of the morphogenesis and biology of this species
as observed in cultures, the variability we have noted
among our specimens is to be expected, as well asa close
relationship to Dyocz'bz'cz'des bisem'alz's, which in reality
is only a growth stage of Uibicides lobatulus.

Genus DYOCIBICIDES Cushman and Valentine, 1930

Dyocibicides biserialis Cushman and Valentine
Plate 5, figure 3

Dyocibicides bisertalis Cushman and Valentine, 1930, Stanford
Univ. Contr. Dept. Geology, v. 1, no. 1, p. 31, pl. 10, figs. 1, 2.

A few specimens from Kasaan Bay, Excursion Inlet,
and Gambier Bay are referable to this spreading
growth form of Uibicides Zobatulus which has been
separated as a distinct genus. Our specimens exhibit
the same variability of wall surface from smooth to
blistery.

While recognizing that these forms cannot be re:-
garded as biologically distinct from (’ibz’cz’des lobatulus,
we nevertheless do follow the convention of using the
separate name for them as a convenience in referring to
this biserial growth form.

Family RUPERTIIDAE
Genus RUPERTIA Wallich, 1877

Rupertia stabilis Wallich
Plate 5, figure 5

Rupertia stabilis Wallich, 1877, Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser.

4, v. 19, p. 502, pl. 20, figs. 1—13.

Schlumberger, 1883, Feuille Jeunes Nat., Ann. 13, p. 119,
pl. 2, figs. 6—8.

Brady, 1884, Challenger Rept., Zoology, v. 9, p. 680, pl. 98,
figs. 1—12.

Got‘s, 1894, Kgl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handlingar, v.
25, no. 9, p. 92, pl. 15, fig. 789.

Flint, 1899, US. Natl. Mus, Ann. Rept. for 1897, p. 336,

pl. 79, fig. 4.

Cushman, 1931, [7.8. Natl. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 8, p. 138, pl.
25, figs. 3—9.

Earland, 1934. Discovery Repts., v. 10, p. 185, pl. 10, figs.
23—25.

Above are only a few of the many references to this
distinctive sessile species. It was described from the
North Atlantic and has been reported widely in both
the Northern and the Southern Hemispheres. Our
specimens are well developed and well preserved and
were found commonly at Pamplona 4.

Family NONIONIDAE
Genus FLORIL‘US Montfort, 1808

The genus Florélus, resurrected 'by Voloshinova

 

A35

(1958), has as its type species N autilus asterizans Fich-
tel and Moll. It. seems related to the genera N onionella
Cushman, 1926, and Pseudono’nion Asano, 1936, difl’er-
ing from them in being symmetrically coiled. N onion—
ellina Voloshinova, 1958, having Nom'om'na Zabmdom‘oa
Dawson as its type species, seems to us not to differ
substantially from Florilus.

Florilus labradoricus (Dawson)

Plate 5, figure 9

N om'om‘na scapha var. labradom‘ca Dawson, 1870, Canadian
Naturalist, new ser., v. 5, p. 177, pl., fig. 5.
Nom‘on labrad‘oricum (Dawson). Cushman, 1930, US. Natl.
Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 7, p. 11, pl. 4, figs. 6—12; 1948, Cushman
Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 23, p. 52, pl. 6, fig. 2,
Phleger, 1952, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr.,
v. 3, p. 85, pl. 14, fig. 5.
Martin, 1952, Cushman Found, Foram. Research Contr.,
v. 3, p. 123, pl. 19, fig. 1.
Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. 001111., v. 121,
no. 7, p. 86, pl. 17, figs. 1, 2.
Feyling—Hanssen, 1954, Norsk Geol. Tidsskr., v. 33, pt. 1—2,
p. 139, pl. 2, fig. 8.
Asano, 1960, Tohoku Univ. Sci. Rents, ser. 2 (Geology),
Spec. Vol. 4, p. 191, pl. 21, fig. 8.
Jarke, 1960, Internat. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiologie, v. 45,
pt. 4, p. 625, pl. 7, fig. 8.
Saidova, 1961, E‘kologiya Foraminifer * * * severo-zapa-
dnoi chasti Tikhogo okeana, p. 72, pl. 22, fig. 151.

This species occurs in typical form and in some abun-
dance in Kasaan Bay and Clarence Strait, and more
rarely in four other samples. It. is distinctive in its
broadly triangular and bulging apertural face.

This species was described from 313 fathoms in the
Gulf of St. Lawrence, in eastern Canada. It has been
Widely reported in the Recent especially in the Arctic
as indicated by the partial synonymy above. It has also
been found in beds asold as Pliocene in California.

Genus NONIONELLA Cushman, 1926
Nonionella pulchella Hada

Plate 5, figure 14

Nonionella pulchella Hada, 1931, Tohoku Imp. Univ. Sci. Rept..
ser. 4, Biology, v. 6, p. 120, text fig. 79.
Asano, 1938, Geol. Soc. Japan J0ur.. v. 45. no. 538. p. 598.
pl. 15 (4), fig. 12.
B‘oltovskoy, 1954, Inst. Nac. 111v. Cienc. Nat., Mus. Argentino,
Cienc. Nat. "‘ * * Rev., v. 3, no. 3, p. 168, pl. 8, fig. 2.
Common specimens found in Clarence Strait are re-
ferred to this species that was described from Mutsu
Bay, Japan, from depths between 4 and 33 fathoms. It
has also been recorded from beds as old as Pliocene in
Ja an and from the Recent of San J or e Gulf
p g a
Argentina. The species is distinguished by the crenate
margin of its umbilical lobe.

A36

Our specimens have been compared with specimens
from the Pliocene of Japan and differ from them only in
being slightly thicker through the last several chambers.

Nonionella turgida (Williamson)

Rotalina turgida Williamson, 1858, Recent Foram. Great Britain,
Ray Soc, 1p. 50, pl. 4, figs. 95—97.
Nom'onella turgida (Williamson). Cushman, 1939, US Geol.
Survey Prof. Paper 191, p. 32, pl. 9, figs. 2, 3.
Todd and Bironnim'ann, 1957, Cushman Found. Foram.
Research Spec. Pub. 3, p. 32, pl. 6, figs. 3, 4.

This small species, about 0.28 mm in length and 0.10
mm in thickness, is found only rarely in our material.
It was described off the British Isles and has been re-
ported widely, with no restriction to cold water. Our
specimens seem typical.

Nonionella turgida digitata N¢rvang

Plate 5, figure 8
Nonionclla turgida (Williamson) var. digitata, N¢rvang, 1945,
Zoology of Iceland, v. 2, pt. 2, Foraminifera. p. 29, text
fig. 4.
Parker, 1952, Harvard 0011., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., V.
106, no. 9, p. 413. pl. 5, figs. 15, 16.

This subspecies in which the lobe is crenulated deeply
into several slender fingers was described from off Ice—
land. We have found only a few typical specimens of
this distinctive form. Other records of it are from
off Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and in southwestern
British Columbia.

Genus PSEUDONONION Asano, 1936

This genus, represented by its type species, Pseu-
donom’on japom'cum Asano, seems worthy of distinction
from Florilus because of its involute-evolute character
and from N oniomlla because of its lack of an umbilical
lobe on its involute side.

Pseudononion auricula (Heron-Allen and Ear-land)
Plate 5, figures 6, 7

Nonionella auricula Heron-Allen and Earland, 1930, Royal

Micros. Soc. Jour., v. 50, p. 192, pl. 5, figs. 68—70.

Cushman and McCulloch, 1940, Allan Hancock Pacific Ex-
ped., v. 6, no. 3, p. 159, pl. 17, figs. 6, 7.

Cushman, 1944, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub.
12, p. 25, pl. 3, figs. 26, 27.

Cushman and Todd, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research
Spec. Pub. 21, p. 13, pl. 2, fig. 14.

This species, originally described from off Plymouth,
England, is only sparsely represented in our material
except in Kasaan Bay and Clarence Strait, where it was
found commonly. Other recorded occurrences of this
species are along the west coast of California southward
to Peru, the San Juan Islands of Washington, British
Columbia, and off New England.

‘ number of chambers in the final whorl.

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALE ONTOLOGY

From the coiled side this species resembles N onionella
pulchella Hada but is somewhat less thick and, of course,
lacks the bulging umbilical lobe. Specimens range
from 0.25 to 0.60 mm in length and from 9 to 12 in _
In the larger
specimens, with the greater number of chambers, the
sutures are distinctly curved backward, while in those
with fewer chambers the sutures are more nearly
straight, being curved only at the periphery. We have
illustrated two specimens to show the extremes of this
species.

Genus ASTRONONION Cushman and Edwards, 1937
Astrononion gallowayi Loeblich and Tappan
Plate 5, figure 17

Astrononirm gallowam‘ Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian
Misc. Colln., v. 121, no. 7, p. 90, pl. 17, figs. 4—7.
Astrononizm stellatum Cushman and Edwards, 1937 (not
Noniowina stelbata Terquem), Cushman Lab. Foram. Re-
search Contr., v. 13, p. 32, pl. 3, figs. 9—11.
Cushman and McCulloch, 1940, Allan Hancock Pacific Ex-
ped,. v. 6, n0. 3, p. 168, pl. 18, fig. 11.
Cushman and Todd, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research
Spec. Pub. 21, p. 13, pl. 2, fig. 15.
Parker, 1952, Harvard 0011., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bu11., v.
106, no. 9, p. 410, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3.
Phleger, 1952, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., v.
3, p. 83, pl. 14, fig. 11.

Described from off the southern coast of Iceland, this
species is found commonly at Gambier Bay and rarely
in our material from four other localities. Astrononion
gallowag/i has been reported in the Arctic and along the
Pacific coast from Mexico northward and along the
Atlantic coast as far south as Massachusetts.

Family CASSIDULINIDAE
Genus CASSID‘ULINA d’Orbigny, 1826

Recently this genus was subdivided on the basis of
wall structure, nature of aperture, and presence or ab-
sence of a toothpla‘te into various other genera namely
Islandiella N¢rvang (1958), Oassilamellzina, Globocas-
sidulina. and (70882707191714 Voloshinova (1960). The
first two of these genera have, moreover, been removed
from the family Cassidulinidae to be placed in the
family Islandiellidae of the superfamily Buliminacea,
leaving the last two in the family Cassidulinidae of the
superfamily Cassidulinacea.

Because the significance of wall structure in the ge-
neric classification of Foraminifera is not firmly estab-
lished—has even been shown to cut across generic lines
in the families Cassidulinidae and Elphidiidae——and be—
cause a reclassification to make generic lines conform
with family lines serves to separate rather than unite
like forms, we prefer not to follow the recommended
subdivision of Cassidulina.

RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

This philosophical question is unresolvable. One
might argue that the now-rejected Brady (1884) clas-
sification that included the agglutinated Textularinae
and calcareous Bulimininae together in the Textulari-
idae and that gave more weight to manner of coiling
than to wall composition, is no less justifiable than the
combining of the radial Islandiellidae with the granular
Cassidulinidae. Still, 80 years after Brady’s work, we
are unable to prove satisfactorily that one feature or
another can serve as an infallible basis for classification.
Rather we look for combinations of features and find in
general resemblances a basis for family classifications.
The better classification is the one that unites like forms
and does not set them apart.

Cassidulina californica Cushman and Hughes

Plate 5, figure 13

Cassidulina califomica, Cushman and Hughes, 1925, Cushm'an
Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 1, p. 12, pl. 2, fig. 1.

This species is a major constituent in all the Pam-
plona samples, occurring abundantly in all but Pam-
plona 5. In addition, it is found abundantly in Kasaan
Bay and commonly in Gambier Bay.

Cassidulma califomica‘ was originally described from
the Pleistocene of Timms Point, Calif, where it is
abundant. It has been reported to occur Widely and is
found along the Pacific coast and in the North Pacific,
both as Recent and as fossil forms in sediments dating as
far back as Pliocene. Our specimens are typical.
Maximum dimensions range between 0.9 and 1.2 mm.

Cassidulina islandica Nervang

Cassidulina island'ica Nyirvang, 1945, Zoology of Iceland, v. 2,
pt. 2, Foraminifera, p. 41, text figs. 7, 8d—f.
Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. Colln.. v. 121,
no. 7, p. 118, pl. 24, fig_ 1.
Islandiclla islandica (Nervang). N¢rvang, 1958, Dansk naturh.
Foren. Vidensk. Medd.. v. 120, p. 27, pl. 6, figs. 1—5; pl. 7,
figs. 6, 7.

Rare specimens, about 0.2 mm in maximum dimension,
were found in three of our fjordland samples. They
possess the apertural tooth characteristic of this species,
and the sutures are slightly depressed.

Cassidulina limbata Cushman and Hughes

Cassidulina limbata Cushman and Hughes, 1925, Cushinan Lab.
Foram. Research Contr., v. 1, p. 12, pl. 2, figt 2.
Crouch, 1952, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bu11., v. 36,
p. 838, pl. 6, fig. 9.
Bandy, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 182, pl. 25, fig. 2.

This species occurs in considerable numbers in three
of our fjordland samples. Together with Cassidulzlmt
calz'fo'm'z'ca and 0. tortuosa, it was described from the
Pliocene of Timms Point, Calif, and has been reported

 

A37

from Recent sediments along the Pacific coast, even as
far north as off the southern part of the Kamchatka
Peninsula (Saidova, 1961, p. 94).

It is distinguishable from 0. tortuosa by its limbate
sutures and periphery and by a slight lobulation of its

periphery.
Cassidulina norcrossi Cushman

Plate 5, figure 11

Uassidulina norcrossi Cushman, 1933, Smithsonian Misc. Colln.,
v. 89, p. 7, pl. 2, fig. 7.
Parker, 1948, Harvard 0011., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bu11., v.
100, p. 237 (list), pl. 6, fig. 2.
Phleger, 1952, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr.,
V. 3, p. 83, pl. 14, fig. 22.
Lo‘eblich and Tappan, 1953. Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 121,
no.7, p. 120, pl. 24, fig. 2. .
Islandiellu norcrossi (Cushman). Norvang, 1958, Dansk naturh.
Foren. Vidensk. Medd, v. 120, p. 32, pl. 7, figs. 8—13; pl. 8,
fig. 14.

This species was found only at Kasaan Bay and at
Pamplona 3 and 8. It occurs rarely and in typical
form. It was originally described from off northeastern
Greenland and has been recorded from numerous Arctic
localities and as far south as New England.

It is a distinctive species in this genus, having
straight and limbate, but not depressed, sutures and
having chambers that extend almost equally onto both
sides.

Cassidulina subglobosa Brady?

Rare specimens from three Pamplona stations are
referred questionably to the widely reported species,
Cassidu‘lina subglobosa Brady (1884, p. 430, pl. 54, fig.
17). They are smaller (0.38—0.48 mm in maximum di-
mension) and more compressed than is typical of this
species. They are distinctive, however, in the kind of
aperture they possess; an aperture fundamentally dif-
ferent from that found in all the other species of Oas-
se'dulz'na present in our Alaska collections.

In these specimens the aperture can clearly be seen to
consist. of two parts; an erect narrow loop-shaped
opening extending into the apertural face and another
slit opening branching off from the lower end of the
loop opening and extending along the suture at the
base of the chamber. This kind of aperture has been
illustrated and described as a tripartite aperture and has
been interpreted as being invariably associated with a
granulate wall (Ngzlrvang, 1958, p. 36, pl. 8, figs. 18, 19) ;
it thus serves as the means of recognition of two genera
in what was formerly regarded as the genus Oassz'dulz'mz.
The other genus thus derived from the subdivision of
the original genus Cassidulina, characterized by a large
basal rounded triangular aperture with an internal
tooth and a free projecting tongue and by having a

A38

radiate wall, was given the name I slandz'ella (N¢rvang,
1958, p.26).

Gassidulina teretis Tappan
Plate 5, figure 10

Cassidulma teretis Tappan, 1951, Cushman Found. Foram. Re-
search Contr., V. 2, pt. 1, 1951, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 30.
Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, Smithsonian Misc. 001111., v. 121,
no. 7, p. 121, pl. 24, figs. 3, 4.
Jarke, 1960, In‘ternat. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiologie, v. 45,
pt. 4, pl. 11, fig. 9.

This species, described from the Pleistocene in a well
near Point Barrow, Alaska, has also been reported from
numerous Recent localities along the coasts of northern
Alaska, the Canadian Arctic and Greenland. It has
been recorded in the Barents Sea.

Uassz'dulina teretz's is found in both searidge and
fjordland samples but never abundantly. Morphologi-
cally the species is transitional between 0. tortuosa and
0. norm-0882'. From the former it differs in having
straight, oblique, but not angled sutures; in being some-
what evolute and thus possessing "a central umbo; and in
its chambers being slightly inflated so that the surface
of the test is undulating rather than smooth and flat as
in U. tortuosa. From 0. norm'ossi, it differs in that the
alternating chambers are distinctly unequal and in that
the periphery is slightly lobulate rather than smooth and
entire. In these respects, the two species (0. teretis and
0. nomrossi) differ in degree rather than in substance.

Cassidulina tortuosa Cushman and Hughes
Plate 5, figure 12

Cassidulina tortuosa Cushman and Hughes, 1925, Cushman Lab.
Foram. Research Contr., v. 1, pt. 1, p. 14, pl. 2, fig. 4.
Bandy, 1953. Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 182, pl. 25, fig. 3.
Uchio, 1960, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Spec. Pub.
5, p. 69, pl. 9, fig. 23.

Like Caissz‘dulina cah'fomz'ca, this species was de-
scribed from the Pleistocene of Timms Point, Calif. It
has also been recorded from the Recent of the Pacific
coast of North America but appears not to have been
previously reported from farther north than British
Columbia. It has been recorded as a fossil only from
California.

It occurs in all our searidge samples, abundantly in
three of them and also, rarely, in Kasaan Bay. To-
gether with 0. calz'fornica, it constitutes the dominant
element in the three shallower Pamplona samples, those
from between 85 and 100 fathoms. Our specimens
range from 0.6 to 0.9 mm in diameter. They are char-
acterized by the angularity of their suture pattern.

By comparison with 0. teretis, they are slightly small-
er; most specimens are opaque instead of translucent.
The sutures are flush and not depressed, and conse-
quently, the periphery is smooth and not lobulated.

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALE ONTOLOGY

Genus EHRENBERGINA Reuss, 1850
Ehrenbergina compressa Cushman

Plate 5, figure 16

Ehrenbergina compressa Cushman, 1927, Scripps Inst. Oceanog-
raphy Bu11., Tech. ser., v. 1, no. 10, p. 168, pl. 6, fig. 7.
Cushman, Stewart and Stewart, 1930, San Diego Soc. Nat.
History Trans, v. 6, p. 75, pl. 6, fig. 9.

Natland, 1950, Geol. Soc. America Mem. 43, pt. 4, p. 35,
pl. 9, fig. 11.

Crouch, 1952, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bu11., v. 36,
p. 841, pl. 6, fig. 20.

Walton, 1955, Jour. Paleontology, v. 29, p. 1007, pl. 104,
figs. 5, 10.

Uchio, 1960, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Spec. Pub.
5, pl. 9, figs. 28—31.

Described from the Pacific ofi' Panama, this species
has also been reported from the Recent and Pliocene
of the coast of California and Mexico. In our material
it is represented most commonly at Pamplona 4. The

peripheral spines are short and poorly developed.

Family CHILOSTOMELLIDAE
Genus PULLE‘NIA Parker and Jones, 1862
Pullenia salisburyi R. E. and K. C. Stewart

Plate 5, figure 20

Pullem’a salisburyi R. E. and K. 0. Stewart, 1930, J our. Paleon-
tology, v.4, p. 72, pl. 8, fig. 2.

Typical specimens of this widely reported species
occur in all the Pamplona samples except Pamplona 5;
none were found in the fjordland material. They are
distinctive in their large, compressed, and lobulated test
with chambers increasing in both size and thickness as
they are added.

Records of Pullman salisbm‘yi indicate that it ranges
from the Miocene to the Recent along the Pacific coast,
even as far north as northeastern Alaska. As a fossil
it is widespread, occurring in Japan, Italy, Greece, and
probably other areas. As a Recent species it probably
has an equally wide distribution.

ARAGONITIC FAMILY
Family ROBERTINIDAE
Genus ROBERTINA d’Orbigny, 1846

Robertina arctica d’Orbigny

Robertina erotica d’Orbigny, 1846, Foram. Fossiles Vienne, p.

203, pl. 21, figs. 37, 38.

Earland, 1934, Discovery Repts., v. 10, p. 123, pl. 5, figs. 52,
53.

Cushman and Parker, 1936, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research
Contr., v. 12, p. 93, pl. 16, fig. 1.

Hiiglund, 1947, Z0101. Bidrag frfin Uppsala, v. 26, p. 219, pl. 18,
fig. 2 ; pl. 19. fig. 1 ; text figs. 198, 203.

Cushman, 1948, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub.
23, p. 61, pl. 6, figs. 16~18.

RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

Parker, 1948, Harvard 0011., Mus. Comp. Zoology Bull., v.
100, p. 239 (list) , D1. 5, fig. 8.

Saidova, 1961, Ekologiya Foraminifer * * * severo-zapad-
noi chasti Tikhogo okeana, p. 66, pl. 20, fig. 138.

Two specimens only, found at Gambler Bay, appear
to belong to this aragonitic species that has been re-
ported from localities in or near the Arctic and
Antarctic.

PLANKTONIC FAMILIES
Family GLOBIGERINIDAE
Genus GLOBIGERINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny
Plate 5, figures 19, 21

Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny. Phleger, 1952, Cushman
Found. Foram. Research Contr., v. 3, pp. 81, 87, pl. 14,
figs. 27, 28.
Bradshaw, 1959, Gushman Found. Foram. Research Contr.,
v. 10, p. 33, pl. 6, figs. 1—4.
Smith, 1963, Oushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., v.
14, p. 2, pl. 1, figs. 1—4.

Together with Globigem'm pachydema, this species
occurs in all the searidge samples, abundantly at Pam-
plona 3, 4, and 7. These two species, 0. bulloz'des and
G. pachydema, together constitute virtually all the
planktonic population found in our samples; the re—
maining five planktonic species constitute only a negli—
gible part.

Globégem‘m bulloz’des has four chambers in the final
whorl and, in some specimens, a large aperture opening
into the umbilicus. Many of our specimens are rather
tightly coiled, with compact and noninflated chambers,
a small or closed umbilicus, and only a low arched
aperture.

Globigerina 2111'. G. eggeri Rhumbler
Plate 5, figure 25

In our material this species is very rare being repre-
sented by only five specimens at Pamplona 7 (two are
left coiling and three right coiling), and these five are
not entirely typical. Instead they fall more into what
Parker (1958, p. 277, pl. 5, figs- 5, 9) illustrated—both
as Globigerina eggem’ and G. pachyderma—from core
samples that reflected cold periods in the Mediterra—
nean. Bradshaw (1959, p. 36) stated that typical indi-
viduals are not to be expected in the subarctic part. of
the range of 0- eggem' in the Pacific, and it is quite
possible that these specimens have no true connection
with G. eggem‘.

Globigerina pachyderma (Ehrenberg)
Plate 5, figure 22

Globigcrina pachydcrma (Ehrenberg). Phleger, 1952, Cushman
Found. Foram. Research Contr., v. 3, pp. 8], 87, pl. 14,
figs. 31, 32.

 

A39

Bradshaw, 1957, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr.,
v. 10, p. 36, pl. 6, figs. 20—23.

Be, 1960, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., v. 11,
p. 65, text fig. 1.

Parker, 1962, Micropaleontology, V. 8, p. 224, pl. 1, figs. 26—
35; pl. 2, figs. 1—6.

Smith, 1963, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., v. 14,
p. 2, pl. 2, figs. 15—18.

Typical specimens of this well—known species of the
Arctic and Antarctic occur commonly at all the
Pamplona stations plus a single specimen at Kasaan
Bay.

Globigerina quinqueloba Natland
Globigem’na quinqueloba Natland. Bradshaw, 1959, Cushman

Found. Foram Research Contr., v. 10, p. 38, pl. 6, figs. 24,
25.

A single typical specimen was found at Pamplona 3.

Genus GLOBIGERINITA Bronnimann, 1951

Globigerinita glutinata (Egger)

Globigem’nita glutinata (Egger). Bradshaw, 1959, Cushman
Found. Foram. Research Contr., v. 10, p. 40, pl. 7, figs.
7,8.
This cosmopolitan species is represented in our
material by rare, but typical, individuals in four sea-
ridge samples.

Genus ORBULINA d’Orbigny, 1839
Orbulina universa d’Orbigny

Plate 5, figure 24

Orbulina universe d‘Orbigny. Bradshaw, 1959, Cushman Found.
Foram. Research Contr., v. 10, p. 49, pl. 8, figs. 17, 18.
Smith, 1963, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., v.
14, p. 3, pl. 2, figs. 19, 20.
Rare specimens were found in Pamplona 3 and 4, and
a single specimen in the Clarence Strait sample. As-
sociated with the spherical ones at Pamplona 4 there
are three multilobate forms, two similar to those found
in living plankton in the Pacific (see the two references
cited above) and a third one (pl. 5, fig. 24) identical
with what would be identified as Urbuiina sulfur/112's
Bronnimann in the Miocene. The finding of rare multi—
lobate individuals in collections of living plankton make
it seem unlikely that these multilobate individuals from
bottom sediments are any older than Recent.

Family GLOBOROTALIIDAE

Genus GLOBOROTALIA Cushman, 1927
Globorotalia scitula (Brady)
Plate 5, figure 23

Globorotalia scitula (Brady). Phleger, Parker, and Peirson,
1953, Swedish Deep-Sea Exped. Repts., v. 7, Sediment
Cores, no. 1, p. 21, pl. 4, figs. 13, 14.

Boltovskoy, 1959, Argentina Servicio Hidrografia Naval,
Pub. H1005, p. 114, pl. 20, fig. 5.

A40

Bradshaw, 1959, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr.,
v. 10, p. 44, pl. 8, figs. 5, 6.

Parker, 1962, Micropaleontology, v. 8, p. 238, pl. 6, figs. 4—6.

Smith, 1963, Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., v. 14,
p. 3, pl. 2, figs. 22. 23.

This cold water species is known from both the Arctic
and the Antarctic and from scattered occurrences in
both oceans. It is represented by only a few specimens
found at Pamplona 3, 4, and 7.

REFERENCES CITED

Asano, Kiy‘oshi, 1938, On some Pliocene Foraminifera from the
Setana beds, Hokkaido: Japanese J our. Geology and Geog-
raphy, v. 15, no. 1—2, p. 87—103, pls. 9—11, figs. 1, 2.

19513, Polymorphinidae, pt. 8 of Illustrated catalogue of

Japanese Tertiary smaller Foraminifera, compiled and

edited by Leo. W. Stach: Tokyo, Petroleum Br., Nat. Re-

sources Sec., Gen. Headquarters, Supreme Commander for
the Allied Powers, 14 p., 72 figs.

1951b, Lagenidae, pt. 15 of Illustrated catalogue of Jap-
anese Tertiary smaller Foraminifera, compiled and edited
by Leo. W. Stach: Tokyo, Petroleum Br., Nat. Resources
Sec., Gen. Headquarters, Supreme Commander for the
Allied Powers, 39 p., 165 figs.

Bandy, O. L., 1960, The geologic significance of coiling ratios
in the foraminifer Globigcrina pachyderma (Ehrenberg) :
J our. Paleontology, v. 34, p. 671—681, figs. 1—7.

Boltovskoy, Esteban, 1954a, Foraminiferos del Golfo San Jorge:
Inst. Nae. Inv. Cienc. Nat., Mus. Argentine Cienc. Nat.
“Bernardino Rivadavia” Rev., v. 3, no. 3, p. 85—228, pls. 1—19.

1954b, Foraminiferos de la Bahia San Blas: Inst. Nac.
Inv. Cienc. Nat., Mus. Argentino Cienc. Nat. “Bernardino
Rivadavia” Rev., v. 3, no. 4, p. 247—300, pls. 20—29, fig. 1.

Bradshaw, J. S., 1959, Ecology of living planktonic Foraminifera
in the North and equatorial Pacific Ocean: Cushman Found.
Foram. Research Contr., v. 10, p. 25—64, pls. 6—8, figs. 1—42.

Brady, H. B., 1881, On some Arctic Foraminifer‘a from soundings
obtained on the Austro-Hungarian North-Polar Expedition
of 1872—1874: Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 5, v. 8, p.
393—418, table.

1884, Report on the Foraminifera dredged by H.M.S.
Challenger, during the years 1873—1876: Challenger Rept.,
Zoology, v. 9, 814 p., 115 pls.

Cockbain, A. E., 1963, Distribution of Foraminifera in Juan de
Fuca and Georgia Straits, British Columbia, Canada: Cush—
man Found. Foram. Research Contr., V. 14, p. 37—57, figs.
1—13, tables 1—3.

Cooper, S. C., 1964, Benthonic Foraminifera of the Chukchi
Sen : Cushman Found. Foram. Research (‘ontr.. v. 15, p. 79—
104, pls. 5, 6, text figs. 1—17.

Cushman, J. A., 1923, The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean;
pt. 4. Lagenidae: US. Natl. Mus. Bull. 104. pt. 4, 228 p.,
42 pls.

1925, Some Textulariidae from the Miocene of California :

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 1, p. 29—35, pl. 5.

1927, Recent Foraminifera from off the west coast of

America: Scripps Inst. Oceanography Bull., Tech. ser.. v.

1, no. 10, p. 119—188, pls. 1—6.

1929, The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean; Pt. 6,

Miliolidae, Ophthalmidiidae, and Fischerinidae: U.S. Natl.

Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 6, 129 p., 22 pls.

1936, Geology and paleontology of the Georges Bank

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALE ONTOLOGY

canyons; Pt. 4, Cretaceous and late Tertiary Foraminifera:
Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 47, p. 413—440, pls. 1—5.

Cushman, J. A., 1937, A monograph of the foraminiferal family
Valvulinidae: Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub.
8, 210 p., 24 pls.

1941, Some fossil Foraminifera from Alaska: Cushman

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 17, p. 33—38, pl. 9.

1948, Arctic Foraminifera: Cushman Lab. Foram. Re-
search Spec. Pub. 23, 79 p., 8 pls.

Cushman, J.A., and McCulloch, Irene, 1942, Some Virgulininae
in the collections of the Allan Hancock Foundation: Allan
Hancock Pacific Exped., v. 6, no. 4, p. 179—230, pls. 21—28.

Cushman, J. A., and Ozawa, Yoshiaki, 1928, An outline of a re-
vision ‘of the Polymorphinidae: Cushman Lab. Foram. Re-
search Contr., v. 4, p. 13—21, pls. 1 (pt.), 2.

1930, A monograph of the foraminiferal family Poly-
morphinidae, Recent and fossil: U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v.
77, art. 6, p. 1—195, pls. 1—40.

Cushman, J. A., and Todd, Ruth, 1947, A foraminiferal fauna
from Amchitka Island, Alaska: Cushman Lab. Foram. Re-
search Contr., v. 23, p. 60—72, pls. 14 (pt.)—16.

Dam, Abraham ten, and Reinhhold, Th., 1941, Die strati-
graphische Gliederung des niederl'andischen Plio—Plistozans
nach Foraminiferen: Netherlands Geol. Stichting Mededeel.
ser. C—V, no. 1, p. 1—66, pls. 1—6, tables 1—5.

Davies, L. M., 1932, The genera Dictyoconoidcs Nuttall, Lock-
hartia nov., and Rotalia Lamarck: Their type species, ge-
neric differences, and fundamental distinction from the
Dictyoconus group of forms :6 Royal Soc. Edinburgh Trans,
v. 57, pt. 2, no. 13, p. 397—428, pls. 1—4, text figs. 1—10.

Hiiglund, Hans, 1947, Foraminifera in the Gullmar Fjord and
the Skagerak: Zoo]. Bidrag fran Uppsala, v. 26, 328 p., 32
pls., 312 figs, 2 maps, 7 tables.

Jarke, Joachim, 1960, Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Foraminifer-
enfauna der mittleren und westlichen Barents-See: In-
ternat. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiologie, v. 45, no. 4, p. 581—
654, pls. 1—13, figs. 1—25, tables 1—4.

Jordan, G. F., 1958, Pamplona Searidge, 1779—1957: Internat.
Hydrog. Rev., v. 35, no. 1, p. 3—13, figs. 1—8.

Lip‘ps, J. H., 1965, Revision of the foralniniferal family Pseudo—
parrellidae Voloshinova: Tulane Studies in Geology, v.
3, no. 2, p. 117—147, pls. 1—3, figs. 1—4.

Loeblicli. A. R., Jr., and Tappan, Helen, 1953, Studies of Arctic
Foraminifera: Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 121, no. 7, p.
1—15(). pls. 1—24, text fig. 1.

1954, Emendation of the foraminiferal genera Ammo»
(list-us Reuss, 1862, and Intolutina Terquem, 1862: Wash—
ington Acad. Sci. Jour., v. 44, no. 10, p. 306—310, figs. 1, 2.

Malloy, R. J.. 1965, Gulf of Alaska: Seafloor upheaval: Geo-
Marine Technology, v. 1, no. 6, p. 22—26, figs. 1—9, ‘Vashington.

Mayer, E. M., 1962, New species of Foraminifera of the Kanda-
lzlksha Bay in the vicinity of the White Sea Biological Sta-
tion. in. Zenkewitch, L. A., ed.. Biology of the White Sea:
Moscow State Univ., White Sea Biol. Sta., Repts. v. 1, p.
70—87, text figs. 1—3. [In Russian]

Miller, D. J., 1953, Late Cenozoic marine glacial sediments and
marine terraces of Middleton Island, Alaska: Jour. Geology,
v. 61, no. 1, p. 17—40.

Nagy, Jeno, 1965, Foraminifera in some bottom samples from
shallow waters in Vestspitsbergen: Norsk Polarinst. Arbok
1963, Oslo, p. 109—128, pls. 1, 2.

Nervaug, Aksel, 1945, Foraminifera, in The Zoology of Iceland,
v. 2, pt. 2: Copenhagen and Reykjavik, Ejnar Munskgaard,
p. 1—79, figs. 1—14.

 

 

 

 

RECENT FORAMINIFERA, GULF OF ALASKA AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA

Norvang, Aksel, 1958, Islandiella n. g. and Cassiduh’na d’Orbi-
gny: Dansk naturh. Foren. Vidensk. Medd., v. 120, p. 25—41,
pls.6—9.

Nyholm, Karl-Georg, 1961, Morphogenesis and biology of the
foraminifer Oibicides lobatulus: Zool Bidrag fran Uppsala,
v. 33, p. 157—196, pls. 1—5, figs. 1—21.

Parker, F. L., 1958, Eastern Mediterranean Foraminifera:
Swedish Deep-Sea Exped. Repts. 1947—1948, v. 8, fasc. 2, no.
4, p. 217—283, pls. 1—6, text figs. 1—6, tables 1—20.

Parker W. K., and Jones, T. R., 1865, On some Foraminifera
from the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, including Davis
Straits and Baflin’s Bay, Royal Soc. [London], Philos.
Trans, V. 155, p. 325—441, pls. 12—19, tables 1—12.

Parr, W. J., 1950, Foraminifera: British, Australian and New
Zealand Antarctic Research Exped. 1929—31, Repts., ser. B
(Zoology and Botany), v. 5, pt. 6, p. 233—392, pls. 3—15,
figs. 1—8.

Phleger, F. B., J r., 1952, Foraminifera distribution in some sedi-
ment samples from the Canadian and Greenland Arctic:
Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., v. 3, p. 80—89,
pls. 13, 14, fig. 1, table 1.

Saidova, Kh. M., 1960, Raspredelenie Foraminifer v donnykh
otlozheniyakh Okhotskogo Morya: Akad. Nauk SSSR, Inst.
Okeanologii, Trudy, v. 32, p. 96—157, figs. 1—28, table 1.

1961, Ekologiya Foraminifer i paleogeografiya dal’ne~
vostochnykh morei SSSR i severo—zapadnoi chasti Tikhogo
okeana: Moscow, Akad. Nauk SSSR, Inst. Okeanologii, 232
p., 31 pls., 45 figs, 13 tables.

Smith, P. B., 1963, Possible Pleistocene-Recent boundary in the
Gulf of Alaska, based on benthonic Foraminifera: U.S.
Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 475—0, p. 073—077, fig. 1, tables
1—3.

Stschedrina, Z. G., 1936, Zur Kenntnis der Foraminiferenfauna
der Arktischen Meere der USSR: Leningrad, Vses. arkti-
cheskii inst. Trudy, v. 33, p. 51—64, 1 table.

1938, On the distribution of Foraminifera in the Kara

Sea: Acad. Sci. URSS Comptes Rendus (Doklady) new

ser., v. 19, no. 4, p. 319—322.

1917, K Raspredeleniyu Foraminifer v Grenlandskom

More: Akad. Nauk SSSR Doklady, v. 55, no. 9, p. 871—874,

tables 1, 2.

1959, The dependence of the distribution of Foramini-

fera in the seas of the U.S.S.R. 011 the environmental

factors: Internat. Cong. Zoology, 15th. London 1958, Proc.,

sec. 3, paper 30, p. 218—221.

 

 

 

 

 

A41

Stschedrina, Z. G., 1964a, Foraminifery (Foraminifera) Vys-
okikh Shirot Arkticheskogo Basseyna, in Nauchnye Rezul’-
taty Vysokoshirotnykh Okeanograficheskikh Ekspeditsiy v
Severnuyu Chast’Grenlandskogo Morya i Prilegayushchie
Rayony Arkticheskogo Basseyna v 1955—1958 gg: Arktiches-
kogo i Antarkticheskogo N auchno—issl. Inst. Glavnogo Uprav.
Gidrometeorol. Sluzhby pri Sovete Ministrov SSSR, Trudy,
v. 259, p. 79—119,pls. 1, 2, text figs. 1—4, table 1.

1964b, Foraminifery (Foraminifera) Severnoy Chasti
Grenlandskogo Morya, in Nauchnye Rezul’ta‘ty Vysoko-
shirotnykh Okeanograficheskikh Ekspeditsiy v Severnuyu
Chast’Grenlandskogo Morya i Prilegayushchie Rayony
Arkticheskogo Basseyna v 1955—1958, gg: Arkticheskogo i
Antarkticheskogo Nauchno-issl. Inst., Glavnogo Uprav
Gidrometeorol. Sluzhby pri Sovete Ministrov SSSR, Trudy,
v. 259, p. 120—142, tables 1—10.

Todd, Ruth, 1958, Foraminifera from western Mediterra-
nean deep—sea cores: Swedish DeepSea Exped. Repts. 1947—
1948, v. 8, fasc. 2, no. 3, p. 167—215, pls. 1—3, figs. 1—5, tables
1—20.

Todd, Ruth, and Bronnimann, Paul, 1957, Recent Foraminifera
and Thecamoebina from the eastern Gulf of Paria: Cush-
man Found. Forarn. Research Spec. Pub. 3, 43 p., 12 pls.,
7 figs, 5 tables.

Todd, Ruth, and Low, Doris, 1961, Near-shore Foraminifera of
Martha’s Vineyard Island, Massachusetts: Cushman Found.
Foram Research Contr., v. 12, p. 5—21, pls. 1, 2, figs. 1, 2,
table 1.

1966, Foraminifera from the Arctic Ocean ofi the eastern
Siberian coast, in Geological Survey research, 1966: U.S.
Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 550—0, 1). 079—085, fig. 1, tables 1—4.

Voloshinova, N. A., 1958, O Novoy Sistematike Nonionid: Vses.
Neft. Nauchno-issl. Razved. Inst, Trudy, (VNIGRI), no.
115, p. 117—191, pls. 1—16, figs. 1—3.

1960, Uspekhi inikropaleontologii V dele izucheniya
vnutrennego stroeniya foraminifer, m Subbotina, N. N., ed.,
Trudy pervogo seminara p0 mikrofaune: Leningrad Vses.
Neft. Nauchno-issl. Geol.-Razved. Inst., p. 48—87, pls. 1—12.

Walton, W. R., 1955, Ecology of living benthonic Foraminifera,
Todos Santos Bay, Baja California: Jour. Paleontology,
v. 29, 1). 952—1018, pls. 99—104, figs. 1—24.

Williamson, W. C., 1858, On the Recent Foraniinifera of Great
Britain: London, Ray Soc., 107 p., 7 pls.

 

 

 

 

INDEX

 

[Italic page numbers indicate descriptions and major references]

 

 

A Page

Abundance of population ................. A2, 4, 5, 6
abuasorum, Biloculina ......................... 20
Pyrao ................................ 4, 20, pl. 2
Rhabdammina ....................... 4, 12, pl. 1
acerosa pacifica, Bolivina ...................... 27
acuticosta, Laaena _________ 28
advena, Eggerella ____________________ 4, 7, 9, 16, pl. 2
Trochammina ................... .-. 4, 18, pl. 1
aaassizi, Fissurina _______________________ 5, 28, pl. 3

aaalutinata, Quinqueloculina... .__-... 4, 18, 19, pl. 2
akneriana, Quinqueloculina .... 4, 6, 7, 9, 18, 19, pl. 2

  

  

 

 

 

  
 
 

  
 
 
  
 
 

   

 
  
  
 

 

alaskensis, Karreriella baccata _________________ 17
alata, Bolivimz ______________________ 5, 7, 26, 27, pl. 4
Aleutian chain _______________________________ 10,11
Alveolophraamium __________________ . l5
crassimargo ___________ . 15
jefi‘reysi ___________________________________ 15
orbiculatum _______________________________ 15
301111111771 ______________ . 15
velertmis ____________ . 15
Amchitka Island _______ --. 10,11
Ammobaculites aremm'a _______________________ 16
arenurius __________________________ 4, 7, 16, pl. 1
Ammodiscus arenaceus..
gullmarmsis _________________________ 4,14,p1 2
incertua ___________________________________ 14
planus __________________________ 14
Ammotium cassz’s ____________________ 4, 7, 9, 16, pl. 1
Amphicoryne. . . . . 23
amphora, Lagena ___________________________ 5, 23, 24
Angulogerina fluens .............. 5, 7, 8, 10, 30, pl. 4
Antarctic species. . . ___________ 2
apiopleura, Laqena.. ....... 28
00111111 ........ . 5, 28, 30, pl 3
Aragonitic family _____________________________ 38
arborescens, Hyper-111117111111 ____________________ 13
Psammatodendron.-.. 4, 13, pl. 1
Arctic iaunal assemblages . 8,11
Arctic Ocean ............. . 9
Arctic species _________________________________ 2, 9
arctica, Elphidiella ____________________ 6, 10, 34, pl. 4
Polystomella-... _______ 34
crispa ______________ 34
Quingueloculina.. ._ 4 19, pl. 2
Robertina _________________________________ 6, 88
arenacea, Spirillina ___________________________ 14
Arenaceous families ____________________________ 12
arenaceus, Ammodiscus __________________ 4, 14, pl. 2
aremm'a, Ammobuculites ______________________ 16
Gaudryina _____________________ 4, 7, 16, pls. 1, 2
arenarius, Ammobaculites ______________ 4, 7, 16, pl. 1
Assemblage comparisons,
Alaska and Chile samples ................ 9,10
Alaska fjordland to coast of Siberia. . ..-.. 9
British Columbia and southeastern
Alaska ___________________________ 8
searidge and fjordland. . _______ 2, 7
Astacolus planulatus ___________________ 5, 7, 22, pl. 3
asterizans, Nautilus ___________________________ 35
Astrononio'n gallowayi _________________ 6, 7, 36, pl. 5
stellatum __________________________________ 36
auricula, Nom'onella _________ 36
Pseudtmamon... __. 6, 7, 9, 36, pl. 5
auriculata, Bulimina.._- ___________ 26
Bulimina (Desinobulimina) _____________ 26
Globobulimina __________ 5, 7, 8, 10, 26, pl. 3
(Desinobulimina) _____________________ 26

 

B Page

baccata, Karreriella _______________ 4, 6, 7, 17, 18, pl. 2
alaskemis, Karreriella _____________________ 17
japonica, Karreriella ______________________ 17

bacheii, Marginulina. .

  
   
 

 

 

 
 
  

  

Vaginulinopsis.

baggi, Dentalina.. ........ 5, 7, 22, 23, pl. 3
Bajo Pamplona _______________________________ 1
Barents Sea .................................. 8
bartletti, Elphidium ................. 6, 9, 10, 33, pl. 4

Benthonic species, distribution and abun-
dance ............................. 4
quantitative count __________________ .. 2, 11
Bering Sea ___________________________________ 8
biformis, Spiroplectammina. . 4, 16, pl. 2
Biloculina abussorum ......................... 20
depresw __________________________________ 20
olobulus. . . . 20
lucemula. . .-. . 20
rinaens carinata _ 20
aphaera ___________________________________ 21
vespertilio _________________________________ 21
Biloculinella globula.. . 4, 20, pl. 2
biserialis, Dyocibicidea .......... 6, 36, pl 5
Bolivina acerosa pacifica.. _______ 27
alum. __________________________ 5, 7,26, 27, pl. 4
p 4
. 4

 

pseudopunctata ..........
subaenariensis. . . . . ...-. .
(Lotostomum) porrecta.--

 

 

 

 

 

 
  

   

 
 
 
 
 

Boreal assemblages ___________________________ 11
borealis, Oolina __________________________ 5, 8, 28, pl. 3
Bottom distribution patterns in North Pacific. 8
bradyana, Dorothia ___________________ 4,6, 7, 17, pl. 2
Uviaerina peregrina ........ 30
bradyi, Haplophragmaides. . . . _ _ _ _ __......... 4,14
British Columbia ____________________________ 7, 8
Buccellafriaida ...... 5, 7, 8,9,10, 31, pl. 4
Bulimina auriculata __________________________ 26
91:111.? tenuata ______________________________ 26
pupoides fusiformia ________________________ 26
(Desinobulimina) auriculata _______________ 26
Buliminella elegantissima ....... ..5, 26, pl. 3
subfusiformis .......................... 5,26, pl. 3
bulloides, Globigerina .................... 6,8, 30, pl. 5
C
Calcareous families, impertorate ______________ 18
perforate _________________________________ 21
California ____________________________________ 11
californica, Cassidulina... _____ 6, 7, 8, 10, 37, 38, pl. 5
Canadian Arctic ______________________________ 8
Cape Fairweather ____________________________ 9
carinata, Biloculina rinaens ___________ 20
Pyrgo ............................. 20
Cassidulina __________________________ .... 36,37
califomica ................. 6, 7, 8,10, 37, 38, pl. 5
islandica. ...... 6, 9, 37
limbata ............................. 6, 7, 8, 10, 37
1101010331 .......................... 6, 37, 38, pl. 5
subglabosa. _ ................. 6, 37
teretis ............ 6, 8,9, 38, pl. 5
tortuosa _ .6, 10, 37, 38, pl. 5
Cassila mellina ________________________________ 36
Cassilongina __________________________________ 36
cassis, Ammotium ____________________ 4, 7, 9, 16, pl. 1

 

Page
charlottensis, Polymorphina ______________ 5, 25, pl. 3
Chile .................. 9,10

 

 

 

     

 

 

 

   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

   

clavatum,Elph1'd1'11m .............. 6, 7, 8, 9, 33, pl 4
Clavulina primaeva ,,,,, . _________________ 18
Coiling ratios of Globzgerma pachyderma 10, 11
columbiensis, Eponides ________________________ 32
Haplophr'agmoides. 15
Pultinulina __________________________ 32
Rotalia __________________________ 5, 7, 8, 32, pl. 4
Trichohyalus ________________________ 32
Comparison with other assemblages __________ 8
Pleistocene or Pliocene age ............... 10,11
Recent age ............................... 8
compressa, Ehrenberqimz .............. 7, 10, 88, pl. 5
contartus, Recurvoides .................... 4, 16, pl. 1
Copper River delta sediments ................ 8, 9
Cornuapira incertus ........................... 14
involvens ....... 5, 21, pl. 2
planorbis ..... 21
cosmic, Entosolenia. . 28
Laaena ................................... 28
00117111 .................................... 28
crass1marao Alveolaphragm1um.. __________ 15
Cnbrostomoidea .................... 4 7 16 pl. 1
Labroapira..... 15
crenata, Lagena _______________________ 25
Cribroatomoides ............................... 15
crasaimarao.. _ 4, 7, 15, pl. 1
jefl'reyaii ............................. 4,15, pl. 1
scitulua .............................. 4, 15, p1.1
teleronis .................. 4, 7, 15, pl. 1
crispa arctica, Polystomella ____________ .. 34
Cristellana nikobarenais ............... 21
occidentalia ................................ 21
Cruciloculina triangularis .............. 4, 7, 20, pl. 2
cucurbitaaema, Fissurina.. _____ 5, 28, pl. 3
cushmani, Robulua-. . 21
Cyclammina __________________________________ 10
D

' decepta, Dentalz’na ....................... 5, 22, pl. 3
Nodosaria _________________________________ 22

decussata, Bolivina 5, 8, 27, pl. 4

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

  

 

Deep‘sea cores. 11
Dentalina baaq1.. 5, 7, 22, 23, pl. 3
decepta ............................... 5, 22, pl. 3
subsoluta .......................... 5, 7, 28, pl. 3
depressa, 3110011117111. 20
Pyrao ................................ 4, 20 pl. 2
(Desinobulimz’na) auriculata, 3111111117111... 26
auriculata,Globobul1‘m1‘na ........... 26
Dextral coilng of Globiaerma pachyderma. . __ . 11
Diagonostic Pleistocene taxa of Smith ........ ii
di/flugiformz‘s, Reophaz ........................ 13
Saccammma ......................... 4, 13, pl. 1
digitata, Nom‘onella turgida ........ 6, 36, pl. 5
disciformis, Quinquelocwlina ................... 19
Discorbina Wrightii ........................... 31
Discorbis ornatissima ................ .. 30
distoma, Lagena ............. .-. 5, 24, pl 3
distorta, Sigmoilina .................... 4, 7, 19, pl. 2
Distribution, Arctic bottom assemblages. 8
benthonic species ......................... 4, 5. 6
____________ 6, 7, 8,9, 11, 12

planktonic species ........................ 6

A43

A44

  

Page
Dominant species ....................... 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Dorothia bradyaml ................... 4, 6, 7, 17, pl. 2
Duocibicidea biserialis ____________________ 6, 317, pl. 5

E

earlandi, 7eztularia ___________________________ 8
East Siberian Sea _____________________________ 9
Ecologic difierences ______________________ 9, 10, 11, 12
Egyerella advena ..... _ 4, 7, 9, 16, pl. 2
eager-1', Globiqerina" ___________________ 6, 39, pl. 5
Ehrenberqina compressa ............... 7, 10, 38, pl. 5
elegantisaima, Buliminella ................ 5, 26‘, pl. 3
elongata, Hyperamminu __________________ 4, 13, pl. 1

Laaena _________ 5, 24, pl. 3

   
 

 

 

   

 
 
  
  
  
 

 

10
arctica ____________________________ 6, 10, 34, pl. 4
aroenlandica ____________________ 6, 7, 10, 34, pl. 4
Malta _____________________________________ 34
Elphidium bartletti pl 4
clavatum ...................... 6, 7, 8, 9, 33, pl. 4
frigidum ..................... 6, 7, 9, 33, 34, pl. 4
aalvestonense .............................. 26
groenlandicum ............................ 34
oregonense. .. 6, 84, pl. 4
subarcticum _______________________________ 33, 34
Entosolenia costata ____________________________ 28
lucida ......................... _ 28
maroinata lucida .............. _ 28
williamsonL. _ 29
Epistomimlla _________________________________ 32, 33
exigua ___________________________________ 33
5, 32, pl. 5
.................... 32
....... 5, 8, 32, 33, pl. 5
Epom'des. _ _ _ 31
columbiemis ______________________________ 32
frigidus ......

 

 

 

 

 

 
 
 
 

 

 

wriylttii ___________________________
Excursion Inlet...
czigua, Epistominellu .............
Paeudoparrella ________________
exilz'a tenualu, Bulimina _______________________ 26
F
Faunal assemblages, Copper River delta ______ 8, 9
fjordland ................................. 7, 9
Gulf of Alaska ............................ 6, 7
Middleton Island. . 10
Nome .................................... 10
Recent, marine till, southeastern Alaska.. 9
open-sea deposits, off Chile ___________ 10
shelf off northern coast of Siberia. . __- 9
southeastern Alaska .............. _ 7
Faunal descriptions __________________________ 2
Fiswn'na agasaizi... ____________________ 5, 28, pl. 3
cucurbftasema _________________________ 5, 28, pl. 3
lucida _________________________ 5, 6, 7, 8, 28, pl. 3
Fjordland samples _____________ 1, 2, 6, 7
flimii, Goesella _____________________ 4, 7, 10, 17, p . 2
Florilus _______________________________________ 35, 36
labradorlcus. ________ 6, 7, 8, 9, 36, pl. 5
flums, Anaulagerina ............. 5, 7, 8, 10, 30, pl. 4
Foraminiferal “standard" groups of Stsched-
rina ______________________________ 8
Franz Josef Land _____________________________ 8
friabilis, Hyperammina.. ________________ 13
friaida, Buccella ...... _ 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 31, pl. ._
Quinqueloculina. ........... 4, 19, pl. 2
frigidum, Elphidium ............. 6, 7, 9, 33, 34, pl. 4
frigidus, Eponidea ..... 31
Frondicularia giqas ____________________ 5, 7, 23, pl. 3
fusca, Peammoaphaera ___________________ 4, 12, pl. 1
fusiformis, Bulimina pupaldes. 26
Viraulina _______________________ 5, 8, 9, 26', pl. 3
G
gallowayi, Astronam‘m ................. 6, 7, 36, pl. 5

galoestonmse, Elphidium ______________________ 26

 

 

 

 

  
 

 

 

 
  
 

 
 

  
  
  
 

 

 

 

 

   
   
  
 
 

   
  

INDEX

Page
Gambier Bay ................................. 2, 7, 8
Gaudryina arenaria ................. 4, 7, 16, pls. 1, 2
cigar, Frmdicularia .................... 5, 7, .93, pl. 3
glabra, Marofnulina. _ ._ 5, 7, 22, pl. 3
Globiqm‘na bulloides ___________________ 6, 8, 39, pl. 5
egam' ________________________________ 6, 39, pl. 5
pachyderma... ............ 6, 8, 10, ll, 39, pl. 5
quingueloba .......................... _ 6, 39
Globiqeriuita alutinata... _______________ 6, 39
Globobulimina auriculata. 5, 7, 8, 10, 26', pl. 3
(Desinobulimina) auriculata _______________ 26
Globocassidulina _______________________ 36
Globorotalia scitula _______________________ I 6, 39, pl. 5
alobasa lineato-punctata, Lage'na _______________ 29
globula, Biloculmella ..................... 4, 20, pl. 2
alobulus, Biloculina ___________________________ 20
alutinata, Globiaerinita.. ............. 6, 39
Goesella flimii ____________ __ 4, 7, 10, 17, pl. 2
rotundata. _____________ 17
sp ___________________________________ 4, 17, pl. 1
gracilis, Lagena ............................... 24
meridimalis, Lagena. 24
gracillima, Lagena 24
Greenland ............ 8
aroenlandica, Elphidiella ____________ 6, 7, 10, 34, pl. 4
groenlandicum, Elphidium .................... 34
Gulf of Alaska _____________ 1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10,11, 12
oullmarmsis, Ammodiscua _______________ 4, 14, pl. 2
Guttulina orientalis ........................... 5, 7, 25

H
Haplophragmium scitulum .................... 15
turbinatum _______________________________ 16
Haplophraqmoides . 15
bradm‘ ...... _ 4,14
columbiemts. _ _ 15
neobradyi ................................. 14
planissima ________________________________ l4
planiaaimus .. 4, 7, 14, pl. 1
scitulus __________________ 15
sphaeriloculum. _______________ 15
sphaeriloculus ........................ 4, 15, pl. 1
velero'nis __________________________________ 15
heraqona, 00lina.. _. 5, 7, 29, pl. 3
hispidula, Lugena _____________________________ 5, 24
Hoeolundina ...... 10
Hyperammina ................................ 13
arborescens ________________________________ l3

elongata...

friabilis ___________________________________ 13

I
Iceland _______________________________________ 8
incertus, Ammodiscus _________________________ 14
Cornuspira _______________________________ 14
Operculina.... ___________ 14
indivisa, Rhizammina. ______ 4, 12, pl. 1
insectus, Reophar ___________ 4, 14, pl. 1
involvens, Cornuapira. __________ 5, 21, pl. 2
iswbelleana, Rosalina. _ ............... 31
isabelleanus, Epo'nides _ 5, 6, 7, 8, 31, pl. 4
islandica, Cassidulina. ............. 6, 9, 37
Islandiella. . ........... 37
Islandiella. _ __ -_ ........... 36, 38
13land1ca-. 37
norcrossi __________________________________ 37

J
Japan ........................................ 8
japonica, Karreriella baccata ................... l7
japonicum, Pseudononion" _ ........... 36
jefi’reysi, Alveolophraamium. ........... 15
Labrospira_.__ _______________ 15
jefl‘reysii, Cribrostommdes“ .......... 4, 16, pl. 1
Noniom'na ________________________________ 15
9

 

  
 

 
 
 
 
  

 

 

  
 
   

 

 

 
  
 

  
 

 

 
 
 
 

K Page
Kara Sea ..................................... 8
Karreriella baccata ....... _ 4, 6, 7, 17, 18, pl. 2
baccata alaskensis. . ........ 17
japom'ca ............. 17
Kasaan Bay __________________________________ 1,2, 7
kincaidi, Polymorphina ............. 5, 7, 2.5, 26, pl. 3
Kodiak Island ......... 11
Kurile Islands ................................ 8
L
labradorica, Nonio'm‘na ........................ 35
Nom’onina scapha" ...... 35
labradoricum, Nonion.. ........... 35
labradoricus, Florilus... 6, 7, 8, 9, 35, pl. 5
Labrospira crassimargo ________________________ 15
jefl’reysi ................................... 15
laeve, Vermiculum _____
laevigata, Lagena .............
Oolina ___________________
law's, Laaena .................... 5, 7, 8, 24, 25, pl. 3
Laaena acuticosta _____________________________ 2B
amphora ................. 5, 23, 24
apiopleura ________________________________ 28
coatata .................................... 28
crenata ................................... 25
distoma .............................. 5, 24, pl. 3
elongata ..............
' globosa lineato—punctata .................... 29
gracilia .................................... 24
meridionalis.. ________ 24
gracillima __________________ 24
hispidula _ _ ...... 5, 24
laevz‘aaia .................................. 29
laevis ........................ 5, 7, 8, 24, 25, pl. 3
meridionalis..
pliocem'ca ....................... 5, 7, 8, 25, pl. 3
striata ............................. 5, 8, 25, pl. 3
sulcata striatopunctata _____________________ 29
vulgaria ................................... 24
williamsoni ...... 29
Lagenonodosarz’a ______________________________ 23
scalaris .............................. 5, 23, pl. 3
Laptev Sea ____________________ 9
Zimbata, Cassidulina ________ ._ 6, 7, 8, 10, 37
linealo—punctata, Lagena globosa. ........ 29
Oolma ............................... 5, 29, pl 3
Listerella primaeva ............................ 18
lobatulus, Cibicides... . 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 34, 35, pl. 5
Lozoxtoma porrectum___. ___________________ 27
(Lorostomum) porrrcta, Bolivina _________ 5, 27, pl. 4
lucernula, Biloculina .......................... 20
Pyrgo _______________________________ 4, 9, 20, pl. 2
lucida, Entosolenia ....... 28
Entasolenia marginata ..... . ............... 28
Fissurina ....................... 5, 6, 7, s, 28, pl. 3
Lynn Canal .................................. 2, 7
M
marainata lucida, Entoaolem‘a .................. 28
Marginulina bacheii .................. 23
alabra ......... _ 5, 7, 22, pl 3

 

  

Marine mollusks ...... 10
melo, 00lz‘na..... ................... 5,199,111. 3
meridionalis, Layena ...................... 5, 24, pl. 3
Laaena gracilia ............................ 24
Middleton Island .......................... 10,11,12
Montague Island ............................. 12
murrhina, Pyrgo ................ . ............. 20
N
Nautilus asterizans ............................ 35
neobradyi, Haplophraamoides .................. 14
nikabarensis, Cristellaria ................. , ..... 21
Robulus ............................. 5, 21, pl. 3
nitida, Elphidiella ............................. 34
Nodosaria decepta.. ........................... 22
radicula ...................... 23
scalarz’s ................................... 23

  
 
 

 

 

  

  
 
 
 

Page
Nome, Alaska ................................ 10
Nonion labradoricum .......................... 35
pauciloculum ............................. 33, 34
Nonionella ................. .. 35, 36
auricula ....... . . . . . . 36
pulchclla... . 6, 7, 35, 36, pl. 5
turgida .................................... 6, 36‘
digituta .......................... 6, 36‘, pl. 5
Noniomllina ........ 35
Nomonina infra/811.. 15
labradorica ................................ 35
acapha labradorica _________________ . . . . 35
stellata .................................... 36
Nonpolar species, quantitative count _________ 2
norcroesi, Cassiduli'na ................. 6, 37, 38, pl. 5
Ialandiella ................................ 37
North Pacific .............. . 8,11
Novaya Zemlya ______________________________ 8
O
occidentalia, Cristellaria ....................... 21
Robulus ............ . 5, 7, 21, 22, pl. 3
oceanica, Bolivina“ ...... 5, 27, pl. 4

Oolina apiopleurm- . 5, 28, 30, pl. 3

 
 

 
  
  

borealia ............................ 5, 8, 28, pl. 3
couata .................................... 28
1151111101111. . 5, 7, 29, pl. 3
laevigata. _ . ...................... 5, 29, pl. 3
lineuopunctata .................. 5, 29, pl. 3
meta ................................. 5, 29, pl. 3
striata .................................... 25
striatopunctata. 5, 7, 29, pl. 3
williamsoni.. 5, 7, 29, 30, pl. 3

Operculina incertus ........................... 14

 

 
 

orbiculatum, Alveolaphraamium. .......... 15
Orbuh'na suturalia ................ 39
um‘uersa ............ 6, 39, pl. 5
areaonense, Elphidium .................... 6, 34, pl. 4
orientalia, Guttulina .......................... 5, 7, 25
amaiimma, DiscorbiL. 30
Rosalind .................. 5, 7, 8, 30, 31, 32, pl. 4
P
pachvderma, Globz’aerinu ......... 6, 8, 10, 11, 39, pl. 5
pacifica, Bolivi'na ............ 5, 27, pl. 4
Bolwlna aceroea.. ____________ 27
Eputommella“ ......... 5, 32, pl 5
Pub/11111111112111: ............................ 32
Pamplona Rock .............................. 12
Pamplona samples ...... 2,4, 5,6,7
parvula, Uvigerina peregrina ................... 30
pauciloculum, Nom‘o'n ......................... 33, 34

Pecten zones ______________
Pelou’na variabilis __________
peregrine, Uviaerina.

 
 
   

_ 5, 7, 8, 10, 30, pl. 4

bradyana, Uviaerina ....................... 30
parvula, Uviaerina ........................ 30
planisaima, Haplophragmaides. ________ 14

 
 
 
 

planissimus, Haplophmgmoides.. . 4 7, 14, pl 1
Planktonic families .................. 39
Planktonic species _____________________________ 2, 7

distribution and abundance .............. 6'
planorbia, Cornuspiru ................ 21

  
 

   

 

 

  
 
  

Plunularia planulata ____________ 22
planulata, Plunularia.. ............ 22
planulatus, Astacolus .................. 5, 7, 22, pl. 3
planus, Ammodiscus .......................... 14
Pleistocene-Recent boundary. 11
pliocenica, Lemma ................... 5, 7, 8, 25, pl. 3
Point Barrow ________________________________ 11
Polymorphina charlottemis. _ .
kincaidi ........................ 5, 7, 25, 26, pl. 3
trilocularis ..... 25
Polystomella arctica .......................... 34
crispa arctica .............................. 34
porrecta, Bolivina (Lozostomum). 5, 27, pl. 4
porrectum, Lozoxtomm. ........ 27
primaeva, Clavulinu.. ........ 18
Listerella ______________________ 18

Schenckiella .................... 4, 7, 10, 18, pl. 1

 

 
 
 
 
 

 
  
 

 

 

    

 
 

 

INDEX

Page
Psammatodcndran ............................ 13
arborescem ................ 4, 13, pl. 1
Psammosphaerafusca. ... 4, 12, pl. 1
puudobevrichi, 8011011111.. ________ 26, 27
Puudonodoaaria radicula ............... 5, 7, 23, pl. 3
Pseudonom'on ................................. 35, 36‘

auricula...

japanicum.

Pseudoparrella

eriaua .......
pseudopunctata, Bolivina ...................... 27
pulchella, Epistomimlla.__.... 32
Nom‘onella ..................... 6, 7, 35, 36, pl. 5
Pullenia salisburui .................. 6, 7, 8, 38, pl. 5
Pulvinulina columbiensis ...................... 32
Pulvinulinella pacifica ........................ 32
pupoides furiformis, 3111111111111" _ 26
pustulata, Trichohyalus _______________________ 32
Pmo abysrorum ......................... 4, 20, pl. 2
carinata ......................... 2o
depressa ................ . 4, 20, pl. 2
lucernula._ _____ 4, 9, 20, pl 2
murrhina ................................. 20
rotalaria ........................ 4, 8, 20, 21, pl. 2
subglobulus. ............ 20
vespertilio ..... . 5, 7, 20, 21, pl 2
Pyrgoella sphaera ........................ 5, 21, pl. 2
Q

quingueloba, Globz’geri’na ....................... 6,39
Quinqueloculi'na agglutinuta ___________ 4, 18, 19, pl. 2
akneriana ............ 4, 6, 7, 9,18, 19, pl. 2
arctica ............................... 4, 19, pl. 2
disciformis ________________________________ 19
4, 19, pl. 2
____________________________ 19

 

 
 
 

seminulum ........................ 4, 8, 19, pl. 2
stalkeri .......................... 4,8,9, 19, pl. 2
subrotunda ............................ 4, 19, pl. 2

R
23
3, pl. 3
ramosa, Saccorhiza ................ 3, pl. 1
Recurvoidea contortus ____________ _ 4, 16', pl. 1
11175111111113 ........................... 4, 16,131. 1
Reophaz diffiuaiformz’s ......................... 13
insectua .............................. 4, 14,1) 1. 1
scorplurus ................... 4, 7, 9, 10, 14, pl. 1
Rhabdammina abyssorum ................ 4, 12, pl. 1
Rhizamminaindiviaa _____________________ 4,12,pl. 1
Sp ................................... 4, 12, pl. 1

rinae-ns carinata, Biloculina. _ . . 20

 

   

Robulus cushmani.

 

    
 

 

 
 

 

 
 
 
 
 

nlkobarensis __________________________ 5, 21, pl. 3
occidentalis _____________________ 5, 7, 21, 22, pl. 3
stronm‘ .......... ..- 5, 22, pl. 3
Roaalina lsabelleana ___________________________ 31
ornalisaima _______________ 5, 7, 8, 30, 31, 32, pl. 4
wrioMii _______________________________ 5, 31
rotalan‘a, Puma ___________ .. 4, 8, 20, 21, pl. 2
Rotalia ___________________ 32
columbiensis _____________________ 5, 7, 8, 32, pl. 4
trachidiformis ................... 32
rotaliformis, Trochammina.. 4, 18, pl. 1
Rotalina turgida... 36
rotunda, Triloculina ............. .._ 4,19, pl. 2
rotundata, Goesella ____________________________ 17
Rupertia stabilia _______________________ 6, 7, 35, pl. 5
S
Saccammina difi‘lugiformis ................ 4, 13, pl. 1
Saccorhtza ramosa ________________________ 4, 13, pl. 1
aalisburyi, Pullem'a _____ _ 6, 7, 8, 38, pl. 5
acalaris, Laaenonodosaria..._ __ 5, 23, pl. 3
Nodosaria _________________ ._ 23
sca-pha labradorica, Nonio’nina _________________ 35
Schenckiella primawa _______________ 4, 7, 10, 18, pl. 1

 

A45

 
 
 

  
 

 

  
 
  
 
 

 

  

 

  
 

 

 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
   

Page
acitula, Globorotalia ______________________ 6, 39, pl. 5
acitulum, Alveolophraamium.. ._ ..... 15
Haplophraamium... ..... 15
scitulus, Cribroatomoides 4,15, pl 1
Haplophraamoides ........................ 15
scorpiurus, Reopha ............... 4, 7, 9, 10, 14, pl. 1
Sea of Okhotsk .................... 8
seminula, Quinqueloculina.... ....... 19
”17111111111111, QuinqueloculinL. 4, 8, 19, pl 2
senticosa, Uviaerina ........................... 30
Sigmoilina distorta _____________________ 4, 7,19 , l. 2
Siqmomorphina trilocularis ............. , 85,25, pl 3
Slnlstral coiling of Globioerina pachyderma _____ 11
Southeastern Alaska __________________ 3, 4, 5,6, 7,8, 9
sphaera, Bilaculina ____________________________ 21
Pyrgoella ____________________________ 5, 21, pl. 2
sphaeriloculum, Haplophragmoides. _ 15
sphaeriloculua, Haplophragmoides ________ 4, 15, pl. 1
Spirillina arenacea ............................ 14
Spiroplectammina bifarmia.. __ 4, 16, pl. 2
Spitzbergen ___________________ 8
squamata, Trochammma., .... 4, 18, pl. 1
stabilis,Rupert1'a ______________________ 6, 7, 35, pl. 5
atalkeri, Quinqueloculina ............. 4, 8, 9, 19, pl 2
stellata,No111‘o111'na _________________ 36
at ellatum, Astrononion _ . _________ 36
Strait of Georgia ............. 8
Strait of Juan de Fuca ________________________ 8
striata, Laaena ......................... 5, 8, 25, pl. 3
Oolina .................... 25
striatopumtata, Laoena sulcata ________________ 29
00111111 ............................. 5, 7, 29, pl. 3
stronai, Robulus .......................... 5, 22, pl. 3
aubaenariensis, Bolivma .................. 5, 27, pl. 4
subarcticum, Elphidium_. . ......... 33, 34
subfusiformis, Buliminella ................ 5, 25‘, pl. 3
subglobosa, Cassidulma ________________________ 6, 37
subalobulus, Pyrgo ........ 20
Submarine Beach deposit fauna, comparison
with searidge samples ____________________ 10
subrotunda, Qumqueloculina ............. 4, 19, pl. 2
aubsoluta, Dentalma ................... 5, 7, 23, pl. 3
sulcata striatopunctata, Luge/1a. _________ 29
suluralis, 01bul1'11a..__ . ___________ 39
Systematic descriptions ..... . ................. 12
T
Taku Harbor ........... 2, 7
tenuata, Bulim1‘11a 211113. 26
teretis, Cassidulina .................. 6, 8, 9, 38, pl. 5
Teztulan‘a .................................... 10
earlandi ................................... 8
tortuora, Cassidulina" _ 6, 10,37, 38, pl. 5
trumoulans, Cruciloculma ............. 4 7 20, pl 2
tricarinata, Triloculz‘na ________________________ 20
Trichohyalus ........................... 32
columbiensis _______________________ 32
pustulata .................. 32
trilocularis, Polymorphina.. ___________ 25
Sigmomorphina _______
Triloculina rotunda.
tricarinata ________
Trochammina advena..
rolalz'formix. , , ,.
squamata ............................ 4, 18, pl. 1
trochidiformix, Rosalia _________________________ 32
turbinalum, Haplophragmium _________________ 16
turbinatus, Recurvoides ................... 4, 16, pl. 1
turgida, digitata, Nonionella .............. 6, 36', pl. 5
N om‘onella ................................ 6, 36
Rotalina ................................... 36
U
universe, Orbulina ....................... 6, 39, pl. 5
Uvigerina peregrina ______________ 5, 7, 8, 10, 30, pl. 4
peregrina bradyamz ________________________ 30
parvula ............................... 30
senticosa ........
sp ___________________

 

A46

  

V Page

Vaginulinopsis ................................ 23
bacheii ................................... 5, 7, 23
Valvulineria A , ................................ 10
variabilis, Pelosina __________ 4, 13, pl 1
veteronis, Alveolaphraamium. __ _. l5
Cfi'z'brostomoides ......... . 4, 7, 15, pl 1
Haplophraqmoides ........................ 15

Vermiculum laeve ............................. 24

INDEX

  

Page

vespertilio, Biloculina _________________________ 21
Pyrgo .......................... 5, 7, 20, 21, pl. 2
Virgulina fusi/‘ormis _________________ 5, 8, 9, 26‘, pl. 3
vitrea, Epistomimlla__ 5, 8, 32, 33, pl. 5
vulgaris, Lagena ___________________________ 24

W
Wall structure, significance ___________________ 36, 37

 

Page

White Sea ____________________________________ 8
williamsam', Entoxolem'a ______________________ 29
Lagena ___________________________________ 29
Oolina _________________________ 5, 7, 29, 30, pl. 3
Wrightii, Discorbma“ 31
wrightii, Epom‘des _____________________________ 31
Rasaliml .................................. 5. 3!

 

 

PLATES 1—5

 

 

FIGURE 1.

10.

11, 12.

13, 14.

15.

16.

17.
18.
19.

20.

PLATE 1

Rhabdammina abyssorum M. Sars? (p. A12).
USNM 642385, X 20; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3).

. Rhizammz’na indivisa Brady (p. A12).

USNM 642409, X 28; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).

. Rhizammina? sp. (p. A12).

USNM 642499, X 14; USGS loc. £25955 (Kasaan Bay).

. Psammosphaera fusca Schulze (p. A12).

USNM 642386, X 14; USGS 10c. f25949 (Pamplona 3); View showing aperture.

. Saccammina difi‘lugiformis (Brady) (p. A13).

USNM 642468, X 45; USGS loc. f25953 (Pamplona 8); View showing aperture.

. Psammatodendron arborescens Norman (p. A13).

USNM 642469, X 14; USGS 10c. f25953 (Pamplona 8).

. Pelosina variabilis Brady (p. A13).

USNM 642410, X 14; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).

. Reophax insectus Goés (p. A14).

USNM 642447, X 10; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7).

. Saccorhiza ramosa (Brady)? (p. A13).

USNM 642442, X 14; USGS loc. f25951 (Pamplona 5).
Schenckiella primaeva (Cushman) (p. A18).
USNM 642476, X 14; USGS loc. f25953 (Pamplona 8).
Hyperammina elongafa Brady? (p. A13).
11. USNM 642411, X 14; USGS 10c. f25950 (Pamplona 4).
12. USNM 642412, X 14; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).
Reophax scorpiurus Montfort (p. A14).
13. USNM 642470, X 14; USGS loc. f25953 (Pamplona 8).
14. USNM 642471, X 14; USGS 10c. f25953 (Pamplona 8).
Goesella? sp. (p. A17).
USNM 642449, X 14; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7).
Trochammina advent]. Cushman (p. A18).
USNM 642477, X 40; USGS loc. f25953 (Pamplona 8); a, dorsal View; I), ventral view; c,
edge View.
Troohammina squamata Parker and Jones (p. A18).
USNM 642531, X 90; USGS 100. 125959 (Gambier Bay).
Trochammina rotaliformis J. Wright (p. A18).
USNM 642421, X 40; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4); a, dorsal View; b, ventral view.
Cribrostomoides scitulus (Brady) (p. A15).
USNM 642473, X 40; USGS 10c. f25953 (Pamplona 8); a, side View; b, edge View.
Haplophragmoides sphaeriloculus Cushman (p. A15).
USNM 642415, X 40; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).

. Cribrostomoides jefi'reysii (Williamson) (p. A15).

USNM 642525, X 40; USGS loc. f25957 (Taku Harbor).
Cribrostomoides uelerom‘s (Cushman and McCulloch) (p. A15).
USNM 642443, X 40; USGS loc. f25951 (Parnplona 5); a, side View; b, edge View.

. Recurvoides turbinatus (Brady) (p. A16).

USNM 642512, X 90; USGS loc. f25956 (Excursion Inlet); a, side view; b, edge View.

. Cribrostomoides crassimargo (Norman) (1). A15).

USNM 642500, X 20; USGS 10c. f25955 (Kasaan Bay); a, side View; b, edge View.

. Ammotium cassis (Parker) (p. Alfi).

USNM 642528, X 40; USGS loc. f25958 (Lynn Canal).

. Ammobaculites arenarius Natland (p. A16).

USNM 642416, X 40; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).
Haplophragmoides planissimus Cushman (p. A14).
USNM 642472, X 25; USGS loc. f25953 (Pamplona 8).

. Gaudryina arenaria Galloway and Wissler (p. A16)

USNM 642448, X 40; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7); a, front View; b, top View.

. Recurvm‘des contortus Earland (p. A16).

USNM 642530, X 40; USGS loc. f25959 (Gambier Bay); a, side View; b, edge View.

PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573—A PLATE 1

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

 

RECENT ARENACEOUS FORAMINIFERA

FIGURES

1,2.

3.

4, 5.

6, 7, 13, 21.

10.
11.
12.
14.
15.

16.

17.
18.
19.
20.
22.

23.

24.

28.

29.
30.

3].

PLATE 2

Dorothia aff. D. bradyana Cushman (p. A17).
1. USNM 642418, X 40; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).
2. USNM 642419, X 40; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).
Gaudryina arenaria Galloway and Wissler (p. A16).
USNM 642417, X 40; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4); a, front View; b, top View.
Spiroplectammina biformis (Parker and Jones) (p. A16).
4. USNM 642513, X 80; USGS loc. f25956 (Excursion Inlet).
5. USNM 642514, X 80; USGS loc. f25956 (Excursion Inlet).
Goesella flintii Cushman (p. A17).
6. USNM 642474, X 20; USGS loc. f25953 (Pamplona 8).
7. USNM 642445, X 40; USGS loc. f25951 (Pamplona 5).
13. USNM 642475, X 20; USGS loc. f25953 (Pamplona 8).
21. USNM 642444, X 40; USGS loc. f25951 (Pamplona 5).

. Eggerella advena (Cushman) (p. A16).

USNM 642515, X 40; USGS loc. f25956 (Excursion Inlet).

. Ammodiscus gullmarensis Hoglund (p. A14).

USNM 642414, X 40; USGS loo. f25950 (Pamplona 4).
Karreriella baccata (Schwager) (p. A17).
USNM 642420, X 40; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).
Camuspim involvens (Reuss) (p. A21).
USNM 642394, X 40; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3).
Ammodiscus arenaceu‘s (Williamson) (p. A14).
USNM 642413, X 14; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).
Biloculinella globula (Bornemann) (p. A20).
USNM 642422, X 40; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).
Quinqueloculina subrotunda (Montagu) (p. A19).
USNM 642532, X 40; USGS loc. f25959 (Gambier Bay).
Quinqueloculina agglutinata Cushman (p. A18).
USNM 642387, X 40; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3); a, front view; b, apertural
View.
Quinqueloculz‘na stalkem’ Loeblich and Tappan (p. A19).
USNM 642501, X 40; USGS loc. f25955 (Kasaan Bay).
Sigmoilina distorta Phleger and Parker (p. A19).
USNM 642450, X 80; USGS 10c. f25952 (Pamplona 7).
Quinqueloculina seminulum (Linné) (p. A19).
USNM 642481, X 40; USGS loc. f25954 (Clarence Strait)
Pyrgoella sphaera (d’Orbigny) (p. A21).
USNM 642393, X 45; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3); apertural View.
Quinqueloculina akneriana d’Orbigny (p. A18).
USNM 642388, X 40; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3).
Qumqueloculina frigida Parker (p. A19).
USNM 642526, X 40; USGS loc. f25957 (Taku Harbor); (1, front view; b, apertural
View.
Pyrgo vespertitio (Schlumberger) (p. A21).
USNM 642451, X 14; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7) ; a, front View; b, apertural View.

. . Pyrgo abyssorum (Goes) (p. A20).

USNM 642391, X 14; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3); apertural View.

. Pyrgo depressa d’Orbigny (p. A20).

USNM 642478, X 14; USGS loc. f25953 (Pamplona 8); a, front View; b, apertural View.

'. Cruciloculina triangularis d’Orbigny (p. A20).

USNM 642390, X 40; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3).
Quinqueloculma arctica Cushman (p. A19).
USNM 642516, X 40; USGS loc. f25956 (Excursion Inlet); a, front View; b, apertural
v1ew.
Pyrgo lucemula (Schwager) (p. A20).
USNM 642392, X 40; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3).
Triloculz'na rotunda d’Orbigny (p. A19).
USNM 642389, X 40; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3).
Pyrgo rotalan'a Loeblich and Tappan (p. A21).
USNM 642482, X 40; USGS 100. 125954 (Clarence Strait); a, front View; b, apertural
View.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573-A PLATE 2

 

RECENT ARENACEOUS AND PORCELLANEOUS FORAMINIFERA

FIGURE

15,

17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.

27.
28.

29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.

36.

37.
38.

39

PLATE 3

Robulus occidentalis (lCushman) (p. A21).
USNM 642395, X 14; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3).

. Robulus m'kobarensis (Schwager) (p. A21).

2. USNM 642423, X 40; USGS 10c. f25950 (Pamplona 4).

3. USNM 642502, X 14; USGS 10c. f25955 (Kasaan Bay).
Robulus strongi Church (p. A22).

USNM 642503, X 14; USGS loc. f25955 (Kasaan Bay).

. Astacolus planulatus Galloway and Wissler (p. A22).

USNM 642452, X 40; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7).

. Dentalma decepta (Bagg) (p. A22).

USNM 642455, X 14; USGS Ioc. f25952 (Pamplona 7).

. Dentalina afl. D. subsoluta (Cushman) (p. A23).

USNM 642446, X 14; USGS loc. f25951 (Pamplona 5).

. Mav‘ginulina glabra d’Orbigny (p. A22).

8. USNM 642453, X 14; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7).
9. USNM 642454, X 14; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7).

. Dentalina baggi Galloway and Wissler (p. A22).

10. USNM 642504, X 14; USGS loc. f25955 (Kasaan Bay).
11. USNM 642505, X 14; USGS 10c. f25955 (Kasaan Bay).

. Pseudonodosaria radicula (Linné) (p. A23).

USNM 642479, X 14; USGS loc. f25953 (Pamplona 8).

. Polymorphina charlottensis Cushman (p. A25).

USNM 642507, X 14; USGS loc. f25955 (Kasaan Bay).

. Polymorphina kincaidi Cushman and Todd (p. A25).

USNM 642427, X 40; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).

. Sigmomorphina trilocularis (Bagg) (p. A25).

15. USNM 642429, X 14; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).

16. USNM 642428, X 14; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).
Lagena laem’s (Montagu )(p. A24).

USNM 642426, X 40; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).
Lagena distoma Parker and Jones (p. A24).

USNM 642483, X 45; USGS loc. f25954 (Clarence Strait).
Lagena pliocem’ca Cushman and Gray (p. A25).

USNM 642457, X 40; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7).
Lagena striata (d’Orbigny) (p. A25).

USNM 642458, X 40; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7).
Lagena meridionalis Wiesner (p. A24).

USNM 642506, X 40; USGS loc. f25955 (Kasaan Bay).
Lagena elongata (Ehrenberg) (p. A24).

USNM 642425, X 14; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).
Fissurina cucurbitasema Loeblich and Tappan (p. A28).

USNM 642397, X 80; USGS loc. £25949 (Pamplona 3).
Oolz'na apiopleura (Loeblich and Tappan) (p. A28).

USNM 642433, X 40; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).
Oolina striatopunctata (Parker and Jones) (p. A29).

USNM 642435, X 40; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).
Oolina lineatopunctata (Heron—Allen and Earland) (p. A29).

USNM 642462, X 75; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7).
Oolina melo d’Orbigny (p. A29).

USNM 642463, X 40; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7).
00am hexagona (Williamson) (p. A29).

USNM 642460, X 75; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7).
Oolina williamsoni (Alcock) (p. A29).

USNM 642399, X 40; USGS 10c. f25949 (Pamplona 3).
Fissurina agassz'zi Todd and Bronnimann (p. A28).

USNM 642396, X 45; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3); apertural View.
Fissurina lucida (Williamson) (p. A28).

USNM 642398, X 40; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3).
Oolina Iaevigata d’Orbigny (p. A29).

USNM 642461, X 40; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7).
Frondicularia gigas Church (p. A23).

USNM 642456, X 14; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7).
Oolina borealis Loeblich and Tappan (p. A28).

USNM 642434, X 40; USGS 100. f25950 (Pamplona 4).
Virgulina fusiformz's (Williamson) (p. A26).

USNM 642484, X 80; USGS loc. f25954 (Clarence Strait).
Buliminella elegantissima (d’Orbigny) (p. A26).

USNM 642517, X 80; USGS loc. f25956 (Excursion Inlet).
Buliminella subfusz'formis Cushman (p. A26).

USNM 642485, X 45; USGS lOc. f25954 (Clarence Strait).
Globobulimz'na auriculata (Bailey) (p. A26).

USNM 642486, X 40; USGS loc. f25954 (Clarence Strait).
. Lagenonodosaria scalaris (Batsch) (p. A23).

USNM 642424, X 75; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573-A PLATE 3

 

RECENT LAGENIDAE, POLYMORPHINIDAE, AND BULIMINIDAE

FIGURES 1'3.

16,

22,

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

18.

19.

20.

21.

24.

23.

25.

PLATE 4

Uvigerina peregrina Cushman (p. A30).
1. USNM 642400, X 40; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3); smooth, elongate extreme of the
species.
2. USNM 642490, X 45; USGS loc. f25954 (Clarence Strait); typical specimen.
3. USNM 642491, X 40; USGS loe. f25954 (Clarence Strait); spinose extreme of the species.

. Uvigerina sp. (p. A30).

USNM 642492, X 40; USGS loc. f25954 (Clarence Strait).

. Angulogem‘na fluens Todd (p. A30).

USNM 642464, X 40; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7).

. Bolivina alata (Seguenza) (p. A26).

6. USNM 642487, X 40; USGS loc. f25954 (Clarence Strait).
7. USNM 642488, X 40; USGS loc. f25954 (Clarence Strait).

. Bolivma subaenariensis Cushman (p. A27).

USNM 642489, X 40; USGS loc. f25954 (Clarence Strait).

. Elphidium frigidum Cushman (p. A33).

9. USNM 642520, X 40; USGS loc. f25956 (Excursion Inlet); a, side View; b, edge View.
10. USNM 642521, X 40; USGS 10c. f25956 (Excursion Inlet); a, side View; b, edge view.
Bolivina decussata Brady (p. A27).
USNM 642430, X 80; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).
Bolivina (Loxostomum) porrecta (Brady) (p. A27).
USNM 642432, X 40; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).
Bolivina oceanica Cushman (p. A27).
USNM 642459, X 80; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7).
Bolivina pacifica Cushman and McCulloch (p. A27).
USNM 642431, X 80; USGS 100. 125950 (Pamplona 4).
Elphidiella arctica (Parker and Jones) (p. A34).
USNM 642529, X 40; USGS loc. f25958 (Lynn Canal); (1, side View; b, edge view.

. Elphidium clavatum Cushman (p. A33).

16. USNM 642493, X 40; USGS loc. f25954 (Clarence Strait); a, side View; b, edge view.
17. USNM 642494, X 40; USGS loc. f25954 (Clarence Strait); a, side view; I), edge View.
Elphidium oregonense Cushman and Grant (p. A34).
USNM 642509, X 14; USGS loc. f25955 (Kasaan Bay); a, side view; b, edge view.
Elphidium bartlem‘ Cushman (p. A33).
USNM 642519, X 40; USGS loc. f25956 (Excursion Inlet); a, side view; I), edge view.
Buccella frigida (Cushman) (p. A31).
USNM 642518, X 40; USGS loc. f25956 (Excursion Inlet); a, dorsal view; b, ventral view;
c, edge view.
Elphidiella groenlandica (Cushman) (p. A34).
USNM 642522, X 40; USGS 10c. f25956 (Excursion Inlet); a, side view; b, edge view.
Eponides isabelleanus (d’Orbigny) (p. A31).
22. USNM 642401, X 28; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3); a, dorsal view; b, ventral view.
24. USNM 642402, X 28; USGS 10c. f25949 (Pamplona 3); a, dorsal view; b, ventral View.
Rosalind ornatissima (Cushman) (p. A30).
USNM 642508, X 40; USGS loc. f25955 (Kasaan Bay); a, dorsal view; b, ventral view;
c, edge view.
Rotalia columbiensis (Cushman) (p. A32).
USNM 642533, X 28; USGS loc. f25959 (Gambier Bay); a, dorsal view; b, ventral view.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573-A PLATE 4

RECENT BULIMINIDAE, ELPHIDIIDAE, DISCORBIDAE, AND ROTALIIDAE

 

FIGURES 1, 2, 4.

10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

19,21.

20.
22.
23.
24.

25.

PLATE 5

[a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, edge view, except as indicated]

Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob) (p. A34).
1. USNM 642404, X 28; USGS 10c. f25949 (Pamplona 3).
2. USNM 642403, X 28; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3).
4. USNM 642405, X 40; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3).

. Dyocibicz'des biserialis Cushman and Valentine (p. A35).

USNM 642510, X 25; USGS loo. f25955 (Kasaan Bay).

. Rupertia stabilis Wallich (p. A35).

USNM 642436, X 25; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).

. Pseudonom'zm auricula (Heron-Allen and Earland) (p. A36).

6. USNM 642527, X 40; USGS loe. 1525957 (Taku Harbor).
7. USNM 642523, X 40; USGS loc. f25956 (Excursion Inlet).

. Nom'onella turgida digitata Nervang (p. A36).

USNM 642497, X 40; USGS loc. f25954 (Clarence Strait); a, ventral view; b, edge view.

. Florilus labradom'cus (Dawson) (p. A35).

USNM 642495, X 40; USGS loc. f25954 (Clarence Strait); a, side View; 5, edge View.
Cassidulina teretis Tappan (p. A38).

USNM 642511, X 80; USGS loc. f25955 (Kasaan Bay).
Cassidulina norcrossi Cushman (p. A37).

USNM 642480, X 80; USGS loc. f25953 (Pamplona 8).
Cassidulina tortuosa Cushman and Hughes (p. A38).

USNM 642406, X 40; USGS loe. f25949 (Pamplona 3).
Cassidulina caliform'ca Cushman and Hughes (p. A37).

USNM 642438, X 25; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).
Nonionella pulchella Hada (p. A35)

USNM 642496, X 40; USGS 10c. f25954 (Clarence Strait).
Epistominella vitrea Parker (p. A32).

USNM 642524, X 80; USGS loc. f25956 (Excursion Inlet).
Ehrenbergina compressa Cushman (p. A38).

USNM 642439, X 75; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).
Astronom’on gallowayi Loeblich and Tappan (p. A36).

USNM 642437, -X 75; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).
Epistominella pacifica (Cushman) (p. A32).

USNM 642498, X 75; USGS loc. f25954 (Clarence Strait).
Globigerma bulloides d’Orbigny (p. A39).

19. USNM 642407, X 40; USGS loc. f25949 (Pamplona 3).

21. USNM 642408, X 40; USGS loe. f25949 (Pamplona 3).
Pullem'a salisburyi R. E. and K. C. Stewart (p. A38).

USNM 642440, X 75; USGS 10c. f25950 (Pamplona 4); a, side View; b, edge View.
Globigerina pachyderma (Ehrenberg) (p. A39).

USNM 642466, X 80; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7).
Globorotalia scitula (Brady) (p. A39).

USNM 642467, X 80; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7).
Orbulina universe d’Orbigny (p. A39).

USNM 642441, X 85; USGS loc. f25950 (Pamplona 4).
Globigerina afl'. G. eggeri Rhumbler (p. A39).

USNM 642465, X 80; USGS loc. f25952 (Pamplona 7).

US. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1967 0—237i376

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573-A PLATE 5

 

RECENT MISCELLANEOUS BENTHONIC AND PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA

 

 

 

 

‘ $1.543.» £2“ “43;.“

x» 23: ‘

$3,» u. m hike/u.»

 

 

7 DAY

 

The Mesozoic Pelecypods

 

Umpz'rz'a Marwick and
Lap/zerel/d Imlay, New
Genus, in the United States

 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573-B

 

The Mesozoic Pelecypods
Otdpt'rt'd MarWiCk and
Lup/zere/la Imlay, N eW
Genus, in the United States

By RALPH W. IMLAY

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573—B

Presents t/zefirst records of
Otapiria and Lupherella 1'72 t/ze United States

 

 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1967

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

William T. Pecora, Director

 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, US. Government Printing Office
Washington, DC. 20402 — Price 25 cents (paper cover)

CONTENTS

Page Page
Abstract ___________________________________________ B1 Biological relationships ______________________________ B2
Introduction _______________________________________ 1 Comparisons of species ______________________________ 3
Characteristics of Otapiria ___________________________ 1 Systematic descriptions ______________________________ 3
Characteristics of Lupherella Imlay, n. gen ______________ 2 Literature cited _____________________________________ 10

ILLUSTRATIONS

[Plates follow “Literature Cited”]
PLATE 1. Otapiria.

2. Lupherella, n. gen., and Otapiria.

Page

FIGURE 1. Index map showing occurrences of the pelecypod Otapiria in Alaska ________________________________________ B7

2. Index map Showing occurrences of Lupherella boecht'formis (Hyatt) in Oregon and California __________________ 9
TABLES

Page

TABLE 1. Distribution of Otapim'a in space and time ______________________________________________________________ B2

2. Comparisons of Triassic and Jurassic species of Otapiria __________________________________________________ 4

3. Comparisons of measurements of some Jurassic species of Otapiria and Lupherella ____________________________ 5

III

237—493 0—«67

 

 

 

 

 

CONTRIBUTIONS T0 PALEONTOLOGY

 

THE MESOZOIC PELECYPODS OTAPIRIA MARWICK AND LUPHERELLA IMLAY, NEW GENUS
IN THE UNITED STATES

BY RALPH W. IMLAY

AB STRACT

The pelecypod genera Otapiria Marwick and Luphcrella
Imlay, n. gen., both resembling the late Triassic genus Morton‘s,
are recorded for the first time from Mesozoic beds in the United
States. Luphcrclla is represented by L. bocchiformis (Hyatt)
from beds of Pliensbachian age in eastern Oregon and Cali-
fornia. It has not been found elsewhere. One species of
Otapiria, named 0. tailleum’ Imlay, n. sp., has been found in
northern Alaska associated with or directly underlying Inocc'ra—
mus cf. I . lucifer Eichwald, whose presence indicates an early
Middle Jurassic or late Early Jurassic age not older than
Toarcian. Another species, referred to as 0. sp. undet, has been
found as float in the upper Yukon Valley in east—central Alaska.
Its age is unknown, but the presence of the crinoid Pentac'rinus
subangularz’s var. alas-ha Springer in the same float indicates
that beds of Early Jurassic age are present in the area. Otapiria
has been found previously in Upper Triassic to Upper Jurassic
beds in New Zealand, Lower Jurassic beds in New Caledonia,
and Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic beds in northeastern
Siberia.

INTRODUCTION

The recent discovery of a monatidlike pelecypod in
northern Alaska prompted the preparation of this
paper. This pelecypod was found in a thin unit of or-
ganic shale directly overlying Upper Triassic beds and
directly underlying, at least locally, Lower Cretaceous
beds containing Buchz'a of Valanginian age. It showed
considerable resemblance to the genotype species of 0m-
pirz'a Marwick (1935, p. 303; 1953, p. 95) from basal
Jurassic beds in New Zealand (Trechmann, 1923, p. 270,
pl. 15, figs. 6—9; Marwick, 1953, p. 95, pl. 11, figs. 7, 8)
and to a species of Otapim'a from basal Jurassic beds
in northeastern Siberia (Zakharov, 1962, p. 25—29, pl. 1,
figs. 1—16, pl. 2). Further study showed that the generic
assignment to Otapz'ria was correct and that the genus
has a fairly wide distribution in Upper Triassic and
Jurassic beds of the Indo-Pacific and Arctic regions.

The paper also includes a description of a new genus
of another monotidli'ke pelecypod from beds of late
Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian) age in Oregon and
California. This pelecypod, herein named Lupherella
n. gen., greatly resembles Otapiria and appears to be
closely related to that genus. Attempts over many years

 

to determine the generic and family relationships of
Lupherella made the writer familiar with the character-
istics of Otapirz'a and led to the identification of
Otapiria soon after its discovery in Alaska.

Many thanks are due to Mr. J. A. Jeletsky of the
Geological Survey of Canada for his aid in locating
pertinent Russian publications. Mr. Ian Speden of the
New Zealiand Geological Survey kindly furnished
rubber imprints and descriptive data of Otapz'rz'a mar-
shallz' (Trechmann), the type species of Otapim'a.

CHARACTERISTICS OF OTAPIRIA

The genus Otap/éria was defined by Marwick in 1935
(p. 302), and Pseudomonotz's marshalli (Trechmann)
(1923, p. 270, pl. 15, figs. 6—9) from the Jurassic of New
Zealand was designated the type species (pl. 1, figs. 24,
25). Detailed comparisons were made with the pelecy-
pods Entomonotz's Marwick (1935, p. 298) and Echino-
tis. Marwick’s definition, based solely on the type
species, was modified slightly in 1953 (p. 95) when he
included in the genus two other species from New
Zealand. The modified definition is as follows:

Shell of moderate size, obliquely ovate, inequivalve, right
valve less inflated than left, posterior wing well developed.
Sculpture of numerous close wavy radials, left [sic right] valve
with weaker radials or smooth. Right valve with small ante-
rior ear, bounded by a deep groove without a deep notch.

This definition does not mention the characteristics of
the hinge area which Marwick (1935, p. 302) had de-
scribed in his original definition as follows:

Hinge area narrow, edentulous. Ligament set in a strongly
and regularly grooved triangular-pit, the base of which is about
half the length of the posterior dorsal margin. Left valve with
the hinge margin sinused upwards and inwards immediately in
front of the umbo, but further forward the margin projects out-
wards and bears several deep grooves.

These characteristics of the hinge area of Otapim'a
mars/Lam (Trechmann) were depicted in drawings
(Marwick, 1935, pl. 36, figs. 28—32, 34, 35) for compari-
sons with similar drawings of E Momonotis (Marwick,

B1

B2

1935, pl. 35, figs. 13—17, pl. 36, figs. 18—24, 33), and
Echinotis (Marwick, 1935, pl. 36, figs. 25—27). They
have not yet been found as well preserved on any other
species of Otapiria.

The additional species of Otapim'a subsequently dis-
covered in northeastern Siberia (Pchelintseva, 1955, p.
213; Zakharov, 1962, p. 25—29; Vozin and Tikhomirova,
1964, p. 18) and in Alaska (table 1) show that the genus
is characterized by an obliquely elongate form, a weakly
convex to flat right valve, wavy radial ribs of irregular
strength and spacing, low broad irregularly spaced con-
centric ribs, a narrow endentulous hinge, a small byssal
ear on the right valve, and a fairly distinct posterior
wing that merges evenly with the body of the shell. The
posterior wing ranges in length from fairly short to
moderate

TABLE 1.—Distribution of Otapiria in space and time

Species of Otapiria
0. uswriensis (Voronetz). ,

Distribution Age
Northeastern Siberia _____ Late Triassic (Karnian).

O. dissimilis (Cox) _________ New Zealand _____________ Late Triassic (Rhaetian).
0. marshalli (Trechmann) _ New Zealand and New Early Jurassic (Hettan-
Caledonia. gian and Sinemurian).

0. limaeformis Zakharov“. Northeastern Siberia ..... Early Jurassic (Hettan-
gian and Sinemurian).

O. iailleuri Imlay, n. sp,,__ Northern Alaska _________ Early Jurassic to middle
Bajocian.

0. masoni Marwick ________ New Zealand ____________ Late Jurassic (Kimmeridg-
ian).

0. sp. undet _______________ East-central Alaska ______ Unknown.

CHARACTERISTICS OF LUPHERELLA IMLAY, N. GEN.

Lupherella is characterized by a broadly ovate to
obliquely ovate form, a gently convex right valve that
is slightly less convex than the left valve, highly vari-
able radial and concentric ribs, fairly long posterior
wings, a weak anterior wing on many left valves, a
byssal ear on the right valve, and a fairly long dorsal
margin. The hinge is probably edentulous, consider—
ing that the right and left valves have not been found
together. The type species of Lupherella is Daonella
boechiformis Hyatt (1894, p. 415; Crickmay, 1933, p.
53, pl. 14, figs. 8—13). The genus is named in honor of
Ralph L. Lupher in recognition of his excellent pioneer-
ing studies of the Jurassic sedimentary rocks in east-
central Oregon.

Lupherella resembles the genus Otapim'a Marwick in
most respects. It differs by having a smaller and less
obliquely elongate shell, a much longer dorsal margin
relative to the shell length, a longer posterior wing,
finer and more numerous concentric ribs, and a small
anterior wing on many left valves. Lupherella differs
from Monotis mainly by having a less obliquely elongate
shape, more conspicuous concentric ribbing, and less
prominent radial ribbing. It differs from Meleagrinella
by being somewhat larger, by having an obliquely elon—
gate instead of orbicular or subquadrate outline, a more
convex and more strongly ribbed right valve, more
wavy radial ribbing, more conspicuous concentric rib-

 

CONTRIBUTI‘ONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

bing, and a long instead of a short posterior wing. An
anterior wing on the left valve, as in Lupherella, is
present on some left valves in both Monotis (Marwick,
1935, p. 298) and Meleagm'nella (Cox, 1940, p. 90, 91).

BIOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS

Otapim'a and Lupherella resemble each other so much
that they may reasonably be placed in the same family,
but that family assignment is uncertain. Otapiria. was
placed in the Pteriidae by Marwick (1935, p. 302; 1953,
p. 53, 94) and by Cox and Arkell (1948, p. 7) and in the
Monotidae by Zakharov (1962, p. 23—25), and was dis-
cussed under the Monotidae by Ichikawa (1958, p. 166—
168). The genus was not assigned to the Monotidae
by Ichikawa (1958, p. 198) because it has a deep liga-
mental pit, which according to Ichikawa (1958, p. 166
and footnote at bottom of p. 168) is probably absent in
the Monotidae. Otapim'a was compared by Marwick
(1935, p. 302) with the genera Entomonotis Marwick
(1935, p. 298) and Echinotis Marwick (1935, p. 301).
Of these, Entomonotis is now considered a subgenus of
Monotis by Ichikawa (1958, p. 170) and a synonym of
Monotis by most authorities (Muller, 1938; Marwick,
19513, p. 57; Tozer, 1961, p. 107; Westermann, 1962, p.
756). Echinotis is recognized as a synonym of Meleag-
rinella Whitfield (1885, p. 71; Cox, 1941; Marwick,
1953, p. 94).

The biological affinities of Otapim'a were stated by
Marwick (1935, p. 302) as follows:

Otapiria is nearest to Entomonotis in general characters
and may be the Jurassic descendent of that stock. Otapiria has
much finer sculpture, an exceptionally ovate shape, and the
hinge of the left valve has a sinus instead of a projection imme-
diately in front of the ligament and beak. T‘he ligament-pit is
more deeply entrenched than that of Entomonotis, thus resem-
bling Echinotis, but the well incised parallel grooves increase the
affinity with Entomonotis.

The anterior ear of the right valve of Otapiria shows impor-
tant (inferences from that of Entomonotis being set more in the
plane of the disc, the upper edge of which is consequently not
bent inwards.

Concerning these comparable genera, Meleagrinella
(equals Echinotz's of Marwick) differs from Otapz'ria
by being much smaller and by having an orbicular or
subquadrate instead of obliquely elongate outline, much
less wavy radial ribbing, less conspicuous concentric
ribbing, and a much shorter posterior wing. The genus
illonotis resembles Otapim'a considerably in size and
shape. It differs by not having a deep ligamental pit,
by its posterior ears generally merging less gradually
with the body of the shell, by its radial ribs being
coarser, more regular in strength and spacing, and much
less wavy, and by its concentric ribs being fewer and less
conspicuous.

MESO’ZOIO PELECY‘PODS OTAPIRIA MARWICK AND LUPHERELLA IMLAY

Another comparable genus is Pleuromysidia Ichikawa
(1954:, p. 52—54), based on a single species, P. dubia
[chilcawca from the Upper Triassic of Japan. This
genus, according to its author, differs from Monotis by
having a more convex right valve and much finer radial
ribbing and consequently was assigned questionably to
the Monotidae. Zakharov (1962, p. 25), however, con-
sidered. Pleuromysidz'av to be a synonym of Otapiria
under the family Monotidae. Subsequently, some
similar appearing pelecypods from the Upper Triassic
of Siberia were assigned to P. dubz’a. I clu'lcawa without
reference to Otapz'rz'a (Vozin and T ikhomirova, 1964 p.
18, pl. 7, figs. 4&6). These specimens, as well as the
type specimens of P. dubia Ichikawa, differ from any
described species of Otapiria by having an inflated right
valve that is more convex than the left valve.

COMPARISONS OF SPECIES

The seven species of Otapim'a listed herein may be
differentiated readily by the features shown in table 2,
which is based on published descriptions and on ob-
servations. In addition, enough data are available for
several species and for Lupherella boechiformz's
(Hyatt) to make the statistical comparisons shown in
table 3. Such data are particularly valuable in com-
paring ratios, numbers, and dimensions. The most use—
ful features in differentiating the species include the
degree of convexity of the right valves, the strength and
density of the radial and the concentric ribs, and the
presence or absence of radical ribs on the right valves.
Comparisons of all these features make sharp distinc-
tions between the species possible.

For example, Otapiria u-ssurz’ensz's (Voronetz)
greatly resembles 0. Zima‘eformz's Zakharov and 0.
tailleum' Imlay, n. sp. in size, shape, and ribbing, but it
has a much more convex right valve. 0. dissimilis
(Cox) differs from 0. marshalli (Trechmann) by hav-
ing a nearly smooth right valve. It differs from 0.
masom' Marwick by being more obliquely elongate and
by having faint radial ribs on the right valve. 0.
marshalli (Trechmann) is characterized by its large
size, strong posterior elongation, and moderately strong
but densely spaced ribs on both valves. 0. tailleuri Im-
lay, n. sp. differs from 0. Zim-aeformis Zakharov by
having distinct radial ribs on its right valve, much
denser radial ribbing on its left valve, and a less varia-
ble shape. Lupherella boechiformz's Hyatt is readily
distinguished from all species of Otapz'rz'a by its long
dorsal margin.

 

B3

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS
Family MO‘NOTIDAE Fischer, 1887

Genus OTAPIRIA Marwick, 1935
Otapiria tailleuri Imlay, n. 51).

Plate 1, figures 1—23; plate 2, figure 32

This species is represented in collections from north—
ern Alaska by 40 right valves, 70 left valves, and many
small immature specimens and fringements. Almost all
right and left valves occur separately.

The shell is smaller than average size for the genus.
It is strongly inequilateral, weakly inequivalve, ob-
liquely ovate in outline, moderately to strongly ex-
tended posteriorly, and is compressed but attains maxi-
mum inflation in the dorsal fourth of the umbonal
region.

The left valve ranges from gently to weakly convex,
is a little larger and more convex than the right valve,
and is most convex in the umbonal region. Its length
exceeds it height on all specimens. The ratio of height
to length, based on some of the largest and best pre-
served left valves, ranges from 70.5 to 96.5. The beak
is 1/3—14 the length of the shell from the anterior end.
It is projecting, strongly incurved, pointed, and
directed slightly anteriorly. The dorsal margin is
straight and is a little less than half as long as the
length of the shell. The anterior end is moderately
to narrowly rounded and projecting. The ventral
margin is broadly rounded. The posterior margin
ranges from broadly to rather narrowly rounded. A
posterior wing, visible only on three left valves, is
moderately short and merges evenly with the body of
the shell.

The right valve ranges from weakly convex to nearly
flat. The ratio of height to length of the largest speci-
mens ranges from 68.9 to 90.9. The beak is incon-
spicuous and barely projects above the dorsal margin.
The outline of the right. valve is nearly the same as that
of the left valve. A posterior wing is well developed.
An anterior byssal ear, preserved only on two small
right valves (pl. 1, figs. 10, 12) , is moderate in size and is
separated from the main body of the shell by a deep
groove. One of the specimens (pl. 1, fig. 10) also bears
an indentation that is probably a byssal notch. An
anterior ear is not visible on any of the large right
valves.

The shell is ornamented with sharp fine closely spaced
radial ribs and with low broad irregularly spaced con-
centric ribs. The radial ribs are appreciably stronger
on left valves than on right valves. On both valves
they are sharpest and most closely spaced on immature

CONTRIBUTIONS TO P‘ALEON‘TOLOGY

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MESOZOIC PELECYPODS OTAPIRIA MARWICK AND LUPHERELLA IMLAY

TABLE 3.—Comparisons of measurements of some Jurassic species
of Otapiria and Lupherella

 

 

 

 

 

Otapz'ra Otapz'rz'a Ota iria Lupherella
Characters marshalli limae/ormis tail eurz‘ boechi/ormis
(Trech Zakharov Imlay, (Hyatt)
mann) n. sp.
Maximum dimensions (mm):
Leng :
Left valve ............... 54. 1 28. 6 26. 2 13. 2
Right valve ______________ 57. 0 23. 0 20.0 16. 0
Height:
Left valve ............... 36. 9 25. 0 18. 5 22. 4
Right valve .............. 34. 7 20.8 16. 5 13. 1
Length of dorsal margin (mm):
Left valve ................... 12. 0—18. 5 1 NK 6. 0—7(?) 4. 6—8. 2
Right valve __________________ 7. 6—14. 2 NK 5. 5— .2 4. 8—10. 5
Ratio of width (convexity) to
length:
Left valve ___________________ 12. 8—18. 5 NK 5. 5—18. 1 15. 0—23. 2
Right valve __________________ 8. 2—16. 4 NK 4. 8—8. 5 8.1—14.7
Ratio of height to length:
Left valve ................... 60. 9—83. 3 55. 0-167. 0 70. 5—96. 5 86. 3—93. 9
Right valve ..... 60.8—76.2 59. 0—156. 0 69. 0—91.0 81. 8—100. 0
Number of radial rib
Left valve ______ 54—105 90—100 105—170 38—77
Right valve _____ 52—95 (2) 80—120 36—85
Number of concentrlc rlbs:
Left valve ___________________ 7—11 7—10 11—17 16-32
Right valve __________________ 7—10 6—10 9—13 17—44
Width of radial interspaces com-
pared with ribs ________________ té—Vé 3 1.0 3 1.0 1—1 to 3-1

 

 

 

 

 

1 Not known.
fifttfiffiifi‘ia.

specimens and on the umbonal and anterior parts of
adult shells. On these parts the radial ribs are sepa-
rated by interspaces that are about as wide as the ribs,
but posteriorly the ribs become weaker and more widely
spaced, and gradually become indistinct near the pos—
tero-dorsal margin. The radial ribs are fairly straight
on the umbones and on specimens with few concentric
ribs, but are generally wavy where they cross the con-
centric ribs. New radial ribs arise mostly by intercala-
tion, but some arise by bifurcation. The number of
radial ribs ranges from 105 to 170 on left valves and
from 80 to 120 on right valves. The number of con-
centric ribs ranges from 11 to 17 on left valves and from
9 to 13 on right valves. The number of radial or con-
centric ribs is clearly related both to size and to indi-
vidual variation. The largest specimens have the most
ribs, but some small specimens have more ribs than
other, somewhat larger ones.

The ligamental area and muscle scars are unknown.
The shell, represented by a few fragments, is very thin.

The immature left valves of this species are all fairly
convex, whereas only a few adult specimens are as con-
vex and then only in the umbonal region. Most of'the
large left valves, however, have been crushed, and some
of the beaks have been sharply bent. It seems probable,
therefore, that most of the large specimens were more
convex in life than they are now.

The immature specimens of 0. millet/mi Imlay, n. sp.
show considerable resemblance to Melegrinella. The
resemblance is closest in those specimens that have few
concentric ribs and, consequently, fairly straight radial
ribs. However, such specimens are generally associ-

237-493 0 - 67 - 2

 

B15

‘ated with others that have many concentric ribs and
rather wavy radial ribs, features which are character-
istic of Otapim'a.

The Alaskan species closely resembles 0. limaeformis
Zakharov (1962, p. 25—29, pl. 1, figs. 1—16, pl. 2) from
the basal Jurassic of northeastern Siberia in size and in
the fine ribbing of its left valve. It differs by being a
little smaller, by having a much less variable shell out—
line, by its right valve bearing distinct radial ribs in-
stead of being smooth or bearing only faint radial ribs,
and by its left valve having much denser radial ribbing.
These differences, as shown in tables 2 and 3, are greater
than is suggested by visual comparisons of the illustra-
tions of the two species. For example, the left valves
of O. Zimaeformis bear 90—100 ribs, whereas the left
valves of 0. tailleum’ bear 105—170 ribs. Concerning
variation in shell outline, the left valves of 0. Zimae—
formis have a ratio of height to length that ranges
from 55.0 to 167.0, whereas in 0. taillewi the range is
from 70.5 to 96.5. The greatest difference between the
two species, however, is in the absence to near absence
of radial ribs on the right valves of 0. Zimaeformis.

This difference cannot reasonably be ascribed to de-
fective preservation of the right valves of O. Zimae-
formis Zakharov because all illustrated valves appear
to be fairly well preserved, and more than 300 speci-
mens of both valves were available for study (Zakharov,
1962, p. 26). Furthermore, several other species of
Otapz'm'a besides 0. Zimaeformz’s have similarly orna-
mented right valves. Thus, 0. dissimilz's (Cox) (Mar—
wick, 1953, p. 59, pl. 3, figs. 10—12) and 0. ussm‘iensz’s
(Voronetz) (Pchelintseva, 1955, p. 213, pl. 1, figs, 1—10,
pl. 2, figs. 1—2; Vozin and Tikhomirova, 1964, p. 18, pl.
7, figs. 1—3) bear only faint radial ribs on their right
valves, and 0. masom' Marwick (1953, p. 95, pl. 11, figs.
10, 11) bears no radial ribs on its right valve.

The Alaskan species also resembles Otapim'a ussurien—
sis (Voronetz) , just mentioned, in the density of ribbing
on its left valves; but it is much less elongate posteriorly,
has a. less convex right. valve, and has much stronger
ribbing on its right valve. The only other similar species
is 0. mars/Lalli (Trechmann) (1923, p. 270, pl. 15, figs.
6—9; Marwick, 1935, p. 302, figs. 10, 12, 28, 32, 34, 35;
1953, p. 95, pl. 11, figs. 7, 8) from the basal Jurassic of
New Zealand and New Caledonia. That species resem-
bles O. ta-illeuri Imlay, n. sp. in variability of shell out-
line, in convexity, and in the presence of conspicuous
ribbing on its right valves. It differs, however, by being,
on the average, twice as large, by having much sparser
and coarser radial ribbing, and by having ribs two to
three times wider than the interspaces instead of about
equal in width.

B6

The fossils found with Otapz'm'a tailleum' Imlay, n. sp.
in northern Alaska include Inocemmus, Lima3, 0003/-
toma, ammonite fragments, fish scales, and Radiolaria.
In addition, belemnites are fairly common in some asso-
ciated shales. The best preserved Inocemmus at USGS
Mesozoic locality M2451 are from beds approximately
35 feet higher than the beds containing Otapz'm'a, but
I nocemmus shell prisms are abundant in thin sections of
slabs that bear Otapim'a (Mesozoic locs. M2318 and
24060). One ammonite also occurs in the same slab as
Otapz'ria (Mesozoic loc. 29282). These associations in-
dicate that Otapiria belongs to the same assemblage as
I nocemmus and the ammonites.

The age of the beds containing Otapiria tailleum' Im-
lay, n. sp. is either late Early Jurassic (Toarcian) or
early Middle Jurassic (Bajocian), or both. An age not
older than Toarcian is shown by the association of
Otapim'a in the same beds with true I nocemmus, which
according to Hayami (1960, p. 292, 294; 1961, p. 317)
did not originate until Toarcian time. An age not
younger than early middle Bajocian is shown by the
close resemblance of some of the [nocemmus (USGS
Mesozoic locs. 24060 and M2451) to I . lucifer Eichwald,
which in southern Alaska occurs only in the lower part
of a sequence of Bajocian age (Imlay, 1955, p. 86; 1964,
1). B18).

A Toarcian to early Bajocian age for the Otapz'm'a-
bearing beds is also indicated by the presence of certain
fragmentary ammonites at USGS Mesozoic localities
29281 and 29282. These ammonites are highly evolute
and have strong, straight, simple, widely spaced, radial—
trending ribs. In lateral view they resemble Tmetocems
of early Bajocian age and Uatullocems or Dumortieria
of late Toarcian age. Unfortunately, the preservation
of the ammonites does not permit positive generic deter-
mination. Their presence is excellent evidence, however,
that the beds bearing Otapz'ria are not older than
Jurassic.

In summation, the presence of Inocemmus of. I. lu-
cifer Eichwald is good evidence of an early to middle
Bajocian age. for at least part of the thin unit of organic
shale containing Otapiria. As the best preserved speci-
mens of I nocemmus were obtained from slightly higher
beds than Otapz’ria, it is possible that other ages are
represented. Nonetheless, the presence of Inocemmus
shell prisms in the same slabs as Otapim’a indicates an
age not older than Toarcian. An age near the Toarcian—
Bajocian boundary is indicated also by the ammonites
associated with Otapim'a.

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

The species is named in honor of I. L. Tailleur of the
U.S. Geological Survey, who collected most of the speci-
mens now available for study.

Types.—Holotype USNM 153276; paratype USNM
153272—153275, 153277—153294.

Occurrences.——Otapiria tarilleuré Imlay, n. sp. has
been obtained in northern Alaska from organic shale
that directly overlies fossiliferous Upper Triassic beds
and has generally been mapped as part of the Shublik
Formation. The species occurs at the US. Geological
Survey Mesozoic localities described below. Numbers
1—5 preceding the locality descriptions refer to num-
bers shown in figure 1, an index map of Alaska. The
letter “M” preceding the Mesozoic locality number
shows that the fossils are recorded at the Menlo Park
office.

1. Mesozoic loc. 24060 (51 ATr 94).
stone on east side of Ipnavik River.
long 157°03.75’ W.

2. Mesozoic loc. M2451 (64 T 305 and 64 AS 321). Sigmund
Snelson and I. L. Tailleur, 1964. Organic shale, chert,
and limestone about 60 feet thick which may be conform-
able downward with the Shublik Formation and which is
less than 20 feet below a clay shale unit that contains
Buchia of Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) age. Lat
68°37.62’ N., long 156°43.05’ W., 11914 sec. 36 T. 9 S., R. 21
W., Howard Pass quad.

2. Mesozoic 10c. 29280 (65 ATr 73.5). I. L. Tailleur, 1965. Same
locality data as Mesozoic loc. M2451.

3. Mesozoic loc. M2318 (64 APa 224). W. \V’. Patton, Jr., 1964.
Cutbank on east side of Tiglukpuk Creek, south flank of
‘Tiglukpuk Creek anticline. Lat 68°21.24' N., long 151°
52.35’ \V., Chandler Lake quad.

3. Mesozoic 100. 29281 (65 ATr 123B). 1. L. Tailleur, 1965.
Talus on cutbank at Mesozoic loc. M2318.

3. Mesozoic 10c. 29282 (65 ATr 149.4). I. L. Tailleur, 1965.
Float on southwest wall of Firestone Creek (tributary of
Tiglukpuk Creek) just north of mountain front, about 5
miles south-southeast of Ice. 29281. Lat 68°18.32’ N., long
151°48.3’ “7., Chandler Lake quad.

4. Mesozoic loc. M2317 (64 APa 206). W. W. Patton, Jr., 1964.
Cutbank on east side of Erratic Creek. Lat 68°23.25’ N.,
long 150°52.05’ W., Chandler Lake quad.

4. Mesozoic 10c. 29284 (65 ATr 152.22). I. L. Tailleur, 1965.
Calcareous layer and lens 6 feet above top of Triassic beds.
Cutbank on west side of Erratic Creek in anticlinal nose.
Lat 68°23.05’ N., long 150°52.1’ W., Chandler Lake quad.

4. Mesozoic 10c. 29287 (65 ATr 153.2). I. L. Tailleur, 1965.
Dark limestone and shale apparently within 10 feet of top of
Triassic beds. Outcrop on east wall of Erratic Creek, about
half a mile downstream from Mesozoic loc. 29284 at about
same location as M2317.

5. Mesozoic 100. 29285 (65 ATr 159.2). I. L. Tailleur, 1965.
Lower 6 feet of shale directly overlying the Triassic. Cut-
bank and cliff in north side of A‘tigun Gorge. Lat 68°29.0’
N., long 149°14’ “7., Phillip Smith Mountains quad.

I. L. Tailleur, 1951. Lime-
Lat 68°40.50’ N.,

 

 

 

 

 

 

MESOZOIC PELECYPODS OTAPIRIA MARWICK AND LUPHERELLA IMDAY B7
176° 172° 168° 164° 160° 156° 152° 148° 14\4° 140° 136° 132°
. A / N
70 1? C T I C O C E A EXPLANATION .
Pfi BarroW U. S. Geological Survey Mesozo1c
localities, described in detail
in text at end of species de-
Q scriptions:
o g 1. 24060
i 2. M2451 and 29280
Col tile R d
C.‘ 3. M2318, 29281,an 29282
3 10.2 3.4 .5 23W 4. 2317,29284, and 29287
ROOKS R GE :4; 5.29285
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FIGURE 1.—0ccurrences of the

Otapiria sp. undet.
Plate 2, figures 28-31

Otapz'm'a is represented in collections from southeast
of Nation in east—central Alaska by seven fairly well
preserved left valves and five right valves. All left and
right valves occur separately.

The shell closely resembles that of O. taiz'lleum' Imlay,
11. sp. in size, shape, and convexity, and in the presence
of a byssal ear on the right valve. It differs mainly by
having much stronger and fewer radial ribs, slightly
stronger concentric ribs, and ribbing on the right valve

 

pelecypod Otapiria in Alaska.

as strong as that on the left valve. On the two left
valves illustrated, the larger has about 78 radial ribs
and the smaller about 85 radial ribs. These numbers
are well below the range of variation of 105—170 for O.
tailleum' Imlay, n. sp. (table 3). One of the two small
right valves illustrated has about 50 and the other about
35 radial ribs. These numbers are somewhat less than
on comparable small right valves of O. tailleuri. The
width of the radial interspaoes compared to the width
of the ribs is about the same on both species.

The greater coarseness of ribbing of the specimens of
Otapz'm'a from east-central Alaska suggests that they are

B8

difl'erent at least subspecifically from 0. tailleum' Imlay,
n. sp. from northern Alaska, but not enough specimens
are available to show their range in variation. The
specimens, however, do suggest that the coarseness
in ribbing is intermediate between that of 0. tailleum'
and 0. marshallz' (Trechmann).

The age of the specimens of Otwpz'm'a from east-
central Alaska is not known because the specimens were
obtained as float on a mudslide. Nonetheless, their re-
semblances to 0. taillcuri Imlay, n. sp. suggest a similar
Jurassic age. Also, the presence on the same mudslide
of the crinoid Pentacrinus subangulam's var. alas/ca
Springer (identified by Porter M. Kier of the US. Na-
tional Museum) indicates that rocks of Early Jurassic
age exist in the area. Such an age is based on the fact
that this crinoid in northern Alaska has been found only
near the base of the Jurassic Kingak Shale, and on the
Canning River it occurs (Mesozoic loc. 21025) many
hundreds of feet below beds that have furnished fossils
(Mesozoic loc. 24035) of early Bajocian age (Imlay,
1952, p. 983; Keller, Morris, and Detterman, 1961, p. 192,
193).

F igured specimem.—USNM 153295.

Occurrence—US. Geological Survey Mesozoic loc.
M1717. N. J. Silberling, 1962. Mudslide on west side
of Michigan Creek about 300 yards upstream from
prominent outcrop of Tahkandit limestone. Center
SIALNEléNEI/L sec. 23, T. 4 N., R. 29 E., about 3 miles
east-southeast of Nation, Charley River A—‘2 quad.
(1 : 63,360), upper Yukon Valley, Alaska. This locality
is shown as number 6 in figure 1.

Genus LUPHERELLA Imlay, n. gen.
Lupherella boechiformis (Hyatt)
Plate 2, figures 1—27

Daonella boechiformis Hyatt, 1894 Geol. Soc. America Bu11.,
v. 5, p. 415.

Daonella cardinoidcs Hyatt, 1894, Geol. Soc. America Bu11., v. 5,
p. 416.

Daonella boechiformis Hyatt. Crickmay, 1933, US. Geo]. Sur-
vey Prof. Paper 175—B, p. 53, pl. 14, figs. 8—13.

Daonella oardinoides Hyatt. Crickmay, 1933, US. Geol. Survey
Prof. Paper 175—B, p. 53, pl. 14, figs. 18—23.

This species in the collections of the US. Geological
Survey is represented by a few specimens from partially
metamorphosed noncalcareous siltstone in the Sailor
Canyon Formation of east-central California, by a few
specimens from noncalcareous mudstone in the Wallowa
Mountains in northeastern Oregon, and by hundreds of
specimens from the Nicely Formation of Lupher (1941)
in east—central Oregon. In the Nicely Formation the
species occurs in black calcareous concretions and in
calcareous mudstones. The specimens from California
are all distorted, and those from the mudstones in Ore-

 

CONTRIBUTIONS T0 PALEON‘TOLOGY

gon appear to be somewhat crushed. In contrast, the
specimens from concretions are undeformed and well
preserved.

The shell is inequilateral, slightly inequivalve, ob-
liquely ovate to elliptical in outline, slightly extened
posteriorly, and gently convex.

The left valve is slightly more convex than the right
valve and is most convex in the umbonal region. Its
length exceeds its height 011 all specimens. The ratio
of height to length, based on measurements of 10 well—
preserved specimens, ranges from 86.3 to 96.5. The
beak is situated 14—26 of the length of the shell from
the anterior end. It is pointed, projects forward and
inward, and rises slightly above the hinge line. The
dorsal margin is straight and is about two—thirds as
long as the shell. The anterior margin is evenly
rounded and slightly projecting. The ventral margin
is broadly convex. The posterior margin is generally
more broadly rounded than the anterior margin. The
left valve has a posterior wing that is moderately long,
merges evenly with the body of the shell, and is rather
indistinct on most specimens. A short weak anterior
wing is present on many small left valves and is sep-
arated from the body of the shell by a shallow round
depression.

The right valve is similar in size and shape to the left
valve, but is rounder in outline, has a smaller and less
projecting beak, and is a little less convex. The lesser
convexity of the right valve, however, is based on meas-
urements of many single valves because complete shells
have not been found together. The right valve has a
moderately long but weakly defined posterior wing and
a small anterior ear that is bounded by a deep groove.
The anterior ear has been noted on 20 specimens.

The shell is ornamented with highly variable radial
and concentric ribs, of which the radial ribs predom-
inate. The ribbing as a whole is nearly as strong on the
right valve as on the left.

The radial ribs are mostly fine and sharp but they
vary markedly in strength, width, and spacing both on
the same specimens and on different specimens. They
range also from nearly straight to rather wavy. Gen-
erally they are straightest and sharpest on the umbonal
and medial parts of the shell, become broader and more
wavy toward the margins, and fade out dorsally on the
anterior and posterior margins. The radial ribs are
most wavy where the concentric ribs are strongest and
are somewhat stronger where they cross the concentric
ribs than in the concentric interspaces. The width of
the radial ribs ranges from a little more. than the width
of the interspaces to about one—third the Width of the
interspaces. New radial ribs arise by furcation and by
intercalation in an irregular manner. The number of

MESOZOIO PEILECYPODS OTAPIRIA MARWICK AND LUPHERELLA IMLAY

radial ribs, as seen on 20 specimens of various sizes,
ranges from about 35 to 85 and differs considerably in
specimens of the same approximate size, but it is great-
est on the largest specimens. The number of radial ribs
appears to be about the same on both valves.

The concentric ribs vary considerably in width,
strength, spacing, and number. Near the beak they are
rather fine and are widely but variably spaced. Toward
the margins of the shell they become broad, closely
spaced, and much wider than the interspaces. The
concentric ribs are decidedly stronger and broader to-
ward the posterior margin than toward the other mar-
gins, and are much more conspicuous on some specimens
than on others. The number of concentric ribs, as based
on counts of 20 specimens, ranges from 16 to 44 and dif-
fers considerably on specimens of the same approximate
size, but it increases generally with increasing size and
is greatest on the largest specimens.

The ligament. area and muscle scars are unknown.
The shell, represented by fragments on a few specimens,
is very thin.

“Daonella” boechiformis Hyatt was assigned by
Hyatt (1894, p. 415) to the Triassic genus Daonella,
presumably on the basis of its general shape and orna-
mentation. The type specimens, however, are poorly
preserved and distorted and do not show the hinge area.
The much better preserved specimens from the Nicely
Formation of eastern Oregon show that an assignment
to Daonella is not possible because of the presence of
fairly long posterior wings and of a small anterior
bysal ear.

Lupherella boechz'formz's (Hyatt) in Oregon and
California is associated with many ammonites of late
Pliensbachian age, including the genera Liparocems
(Bechez'cems), Beynesocems, Prodactyliocems, Arie-
tz'cems, Fonta/nellz'cems, and Leptaleocems. In the
Nicely Formation of east—central Oregon it is also com-
monly associated with rhynochonellid brachiopods and
uncommonly with fish remains, ammonite aptychii,
belemnite guards, small gastropods, and the pelecypods
Ostrea, Entolz‘mn, Camptonectes, Owytom-a, Modiolus,
and Pinna. All these occur both in concretions and in
the surrounding black mudstone. The variety of orga-
nisms present is similar to that associated with Otapz'ria
in Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic beds in New Zea-
land (Marwick, 1953, p. 19, 20).

Lupherella boeckiformis (Hyatt), on the basis of
lithologic facies and fauna'l association, probably lived
in a fairly shallow sea in which organic mud was ac—
cumulating and which locally in Oregon contained a
considerable variety of mud-dwelling, attached, and
free-swimming organisms.

 

B9

Types.—Lectotype USNM 153296; syn‘types USNM
30189, 30191; hypotypes USNM 153297—153316; hypo-
types California Acad. Sci., 12778, 12779.

Occuwences.—Lupherella boechiformc's (Hyatt) has
been found only in two areas in eastern Oregon and in
one area in California, as shown in figure 2. In north-
east Oregon it occurs throughout about 520 feet of un-
named partially metamorphosed beds exposed on the
northern front of the Wallowa Mountains about 51/2
miles S. 54° IV. of the center of Enterprise (No. 1 in fig.
2). In east-central Oregon near Izee it occurs through-
out the thin Nicely Formation (No. 2 in Fig. 2). In
east-central California it occurs about 2,000 feet above
the base of the Sailor Canyon Formation in Sailor
Canyon (N o. 3 in fig. 2). The exact location in Cali-
fornia is shown in figure 6.1 of a paper by Clark, Imlay,
McMath, and Silberling (1962, p. B—16). Descriptions
of the US. Geological Survey Mesozoic localities in
which L. boechifomm's (Hyatt) has been found are
given below. The numbers 1—3 preceding the descrip-
tions refer to the numbers shown in figure 2 and to the
three areas just mentioned.

 

 

 

-—r‘
I EXPLANATION l
l U. S. Geological Survey Mesozoic i
I localities, described in detail
I
I

in text at end of species de— ,

scriptions: l
1. 28807, 28808, 28809,

and 28820 «i

I 2. 25819, 26740, 26745,
| 26747, 27358, 27360,
| 27378, 29213, 29214,
R 29215, 29221, and

\\ 29222

3. 574 and 2464

O 50 100 150 200 MILES
k—I—I—J_I

A'\ l

CALIFORNIA 40°

NEVADA

 

 

 

FIGURE 2.—Occurrences of Lupherella boechiformis (Hyatt) In
Oregon and California.

B10

1.

Mesozoic 10c. 28807. Bruce Nolf, Tracy Vallier, W. H. Taube-
neck, and R. W. Imlay, 1963. Northeast side of Sheep Ridge
near center NW14NW1/4 sec. 19 (unsurveyed), T. 2 S., R. 44
E., Wallowa County, Oreg. Unnamed beds from 820 to
1,030 feet above base of exposures. Highest elevation 6,960
feet.

. Mesozoic loc. 28808. Same data as 100. 28807, but 760-820

feet above base of exposures.

. Mesozoic 10c. 28809. Same data as Ice. 28807, but 510—710

feet above base of exposures.

. Mesozoic loc. 28820. Bruce Nolf, 1962. Same data as loc.

28807, but probably from entire sequence from 510—1,030
feet above base of exposures.

. Mesozoic loc. 25819. R. E. Wallace and J. A. Calkins, 1955.

NEfiSEl/t sec. 36, T. 16 S., R. 28 E., Grant County, Oreg.
Nicely Formation of Lupher (1941).

. Mesozoic 10c. 26740. W. R. Dickinson and W. R. Imlay, 1957.

North slope of main fork of Rosebud Creek, S‘V cor. sec. 36.
T. 16 S., R. 28 E., Grant County, Oreg. Nicely Formation.
Scattered concretions in roadcuts and on surface of ground.

. Mesozoic 10c. 26745. R. W. Imlay, 1957. Head of west fork

of Elkhorn Creek on Morgan Mountain, NE1/4, sec. 14, T. 17
S., R. 27 E., Grant County, Oreg.

. Mesozoic 10c. 26747. R. W. Imlay, 1957. Ro‘adcut in SE cor.

sec. 29, T. 18 S., R. 26 E., Grant County, Oreg. Nicely
Formation, lower third, about 50 feet south of contact with
top of Suplee Formation.

. Mesozoic 10c. 27358. R. W. Imlay and H. R. Christner, 1958.

Rosebud Creek, center SWIA sec. 2, T. 17 S., R. 28 E., Grant
County, Oreg. Nicely Formation, about 100 feet above base.

. Mesozoic 100. 27360. R. W. Imlay, 1958. Ridge south of

Caps Creek, SEl/kNWI/i sec. 16, T. 17 S., R. 28 E., Grant
County, Oreg. Nicely Formation, about 20 feet below top.

. Mesozoic loc. 27378. R. W. Imlay, 1958. Southeast slope of

Morgan Mountain at head of east fork of first small creek
west of Elkhorn Creek, NEJA sec. 14, T. 17 S., R. 27 E.,
Grant County, Oreg. Nicely Formation, about 120 feet
above base.

. Mesozoic loc. 29213. W. 0. Ross and R. W. Imlay, 1965.

Head of Rosebud Creek, on east side of road just north of
sharp bend from west to north, NE cor. sec. 2, T. 17 S.,
R. 28 E., Grant County, Oreg. Nicely Formation, 50—60 feet
above base.

. Mesozoic loc. 29214. W. 0. Ross and R. W. Imlay, 1965.

Head of Rosebud Creek, on east side of a north-trending
logging road near intersection with east-trending logging
road, in NW cor. sec. 1, T. 17 S., R. 28 E., Grant County,
Oreg. Nicely Formation.

. Mesozoic 10c. 29215. X". 0. Ross and R. W. Imlay, 1965.

East slope of canyon draining north from Hole-in-the-
Ground, in NE cor. sec. 35, T. 17 S., R. 27 E., Grant County,
Oreg. Nicely Formation, about 160 feet above base.

. Mesozoic loc. 29221. W. 0. Ross, 1965. Near top of ridge

half a mile southwest of South Fork of John Day River in
west-central part SW14SE14 sec. 25, T. 17 S., R. 27 14]., Grant
County, Oreg. Nicely Formation, 50—70 feet below top.

. Mesozoic loc. 29222. W. 0. Ross and R. W. Imlay, 1965.

Concretion in old road in SE cor. sec. 29, T. 18 S., R. 26 E.,
Grant County, Oreg. Nicely Formation, about 35 feet above
base.

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO P‘ALEONTOLOGY

3. USGS Mesozoic loc. 574. Waldemar Lindgren, 1890. Sailor
Canyon near Sterretts mine (now called Trinidad mine on
Royal Gorge 71/2’ quad.) in SE14 sec. 35, T. 16 N., R. 13 E.,
Placer County, Calif. Sailor Canyon Formation.

3. Mesozoic 100. 2464. Cooper Curtice, 1891. Sailor Canyon
near Sterretts mine at same general location as Mesozoic
10c. 574, Sailor Canyon Formation.

LITERATURE CITED

Clark, L. D., Imlay, R. W., McMath, V. E., and Silberling, N.J.,
1962, Angular uncomformity between Mesozoic and Pale-
ozoic rocks in the northern Sierra Nevada, California in
Short papers in geology, hydrology, and topography: U.S.
Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 450—B, B15—B19.

Cox, L. R., 1940, The Jurassic lamellibranch fauna of Kuchh
(Cutch) : India Geol. Survey, Mem. Palaeontologia Indica,
ser. 9, v. 3, pt. 3, 157 p., pls. 1—10.

1941, Notes 011 Jurassic Lamellibranchia, VII; On the
identity of Echinois Marwick with Mclcagrinclla White-
field: Malacalog. Soc. London Proc., v. 24, p. 133-135.

Cox, L. R., and Arkell, 1V. J., 1948—49, A survey of the Mollusca
of the British Great Oolite Series * *: London, Palaeon-
topographical Soc., pt. I, v. 102 (1948), p. 1%8; pt. 11, v. 103
(1949), p. 49—105 [1950].

Crickmay, C. H., 1933, Some of Alpheus Hyatt’s unfigured types
from the Jurassic of California: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof.
Paper 175—B, p. 52—64, pls. 14—18.

Hayami, Itaru, 1960, Jurassic inoceramids in Japan: Tokyo
Univ., Faculty Sci. Jour., sec. 2, v. 12, pt. 2, p. 277—328, pls.
15~18.

1961, On the Jurassic pelecypod fauna in Japan: Tokyo
Univ., Faculty Sci. Jour., sec. 2, v. 13, pt. 2, p. 243-343, pl.
14, fig, 1.

Hyatt, Alpheus, 1894, Trias and Jura in the western States:
Geol. Soc. America Bu11., v. 5, p. 395—434.

Ichikawa, Koichiro, 1954, Late Triassic pelecypods from the
Kochigatani Group in the Sakuradani and Kito areas, Tos-
kushima Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan, Pt. 1: Osaka City
Univ., Inst. Polytechnics Jour., ser. G, v. 1, no. 1, p. 35—55;
v. 2, p. 53—70; pls. 1, 2.

1958, Zur Taxionomie und Phylogenie der triadischen
“Pteriidae” (Lamellibranch) mit besonderer Beriicksichti—
gung der Gattungen Olaraia, Ezmzorphotis, Orytoma und
Monotis: Palaeontographica, v. 111, sec. A, p. 131—208, pls.
21—24.

Imlay, R. W., 1952, Correlation of the Jurassic formations of
North America, exclusive of Canada: Geol. Soc. America
Bu11., v. 63, no. 9, p. 953—992, 2 correlation charts.

1955, Characteristic Jurassic mollusks from northern

Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 274-D, p. 69—96, pls.

8—13.

1964, Middle Bajocian ammonites from the Cook Inlet
region, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 418—13, p.
B1—B61, pls. 1—29, figs. 145.

Keller. A. S., Morris, R. H., and Detterman, R. L., 1961, Geology
of the Shaviovik and Sagavanirktok Rivers region, Alaska:
U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 303-D, p. 169—222, pls. 21—26,
figs. 26—32.

Lupher, R. L.. 1941, Jurassic stratigraphy of central Oregon:
Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 52, no. 2, p. 219—269.

Marwick, John. 1935, Some new genera of the Myalinidae and
Pteriidae of New Zealand: Royal Soc. New Zealand Trans.
and Procu, v. 65, p. 295—303, pls. 34—36.

 

 

 

 

 

MESOZOIC PELECYPODS OTAPIRIA MARWICK AND LUPHERELLA IMLAY

Marwick, John, 1953., Divisions and faunas of the Hokonui Sys-
tem (Triassic and Jurassic): New Zealand Geol. Survey
Paleont. Bull. 21, 141 p., 17 pls.

Muller, S. W., 1938, Upper Triassic pelecypod genus Monotis:
Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 49, no. 12, p. 1893.

Pchelintseva, G. T., 1955, Novye Autsellidy verkhnego Triasa i
nizhnei Yury Dalnego Vostoka [New Aucellidae of the
Upper Triassic and the Lower Jurassic in the Far East],
in Materialy p0 geologii i polznym iskopaemym, chast 2:
Vsesoyuznyi Geol. Inst., Materialy, new ser., no. 9, p. 211—
217, pls. 1—2.

Tozer, E. T., 1961, Triassic stratigraphy and faunas, Queen
Elizabeth Islands, Arctic Archipelago : Canada Geol. Survey
Mem. 316, 116 p., 30 pls., 10 figs.

Trechmann, C. T., 1923, The Jurassic rocks of New Zealand:
Geol. Soc. London Quart. J0ur., v. 79, pt. 3, p. 246—286,
pls. 12—18.

 

B11

Vozin, V. E, and Tikhomirova, V. V., 1964, Polevoi atlas
dvustvorchatykh i golovonogikh mollyuskov Triasovykh
otlozhenii Severe-Vostoka SSSR [Field atlas of bivalved
and cephalopod mollusks from the Triassic deposits from
northeastern USSR]: Moscow, Izd-vo “Nauka,” 195 p., 50
pls., zonal table.

Westermann, G. E. G., 1962, Succession and variation of Monotis
and the associated fauna in the Norian Pine River Bridge
section, British Columbia (Triassic, Pelecypoda): Jour.
Paleontology, v. 36, no. 4, p. 745-792, pls. 112—118, 19 figs.

Whitfield, R. P., 1885, Brachiopoda and Lamellibranchiata of
the Raritan clays and greensand marls of New Jersey:
US Geol. Survey Mon. 9, 338 p., 35 pls.

Zakharov, V. A., 1962, Novye Monotidae nizhnego Leiasa s
poberezhya Okhotskogo Morya i ikh stratigraficheskoe
znachenie [New Monotidae from the lower Lias of the
Okhotsk Sea coast and their stratigraphic significance]:
Geologiya i Geofizika, 1962, no. 3, p. 23-31, 3 illus.

 

 

 

 

 

PLATES 1-2

 

 

PLATE 1

[Figures 19, 24 and 25 are natural size. All others are twice natural size]

FIGURES 1—23. Otapirio tailleuri (Imlay), n. sp. (p. B3).
1. Paratype USN M 153272, left valve.
2. Paratype USNM 153273, left valve.

. Paratype USN M 153274, left valve.

. Paratype USN M 153275, left valve.

Holotype USNM 153276, left valve.

Paratype USNM 153277, left valve and several small left and right valves.

. Paratype USNM 153278, left valve.

Paratype USNM 153279, left valve.

. Paratype USN M 153280, left valve.

. Paratype USNM 153281, right v'alve showing byssal ear.

. Paratype USNM 153282, right valve.

. Paratype USNM153283, right valve showing byssal ear.

. Paratype USNM 153284, right valve.

. Paratype USN M 153285, right valve.

. Paratype USN M 153286, right valve showing interior.

. P‘aratype USN M 153287, right valve showing interior.

. Paratype USNM 153288, right valve.

. Paratype USNM 153289, right valve.

23. Paratype USN M 153290, right v‘alve ( X 1 and x 2).

. Paratype USNM 153291, right valve.

. Paratype USNM 153292, right valve.

. Paratype USNM 153293, right valve. All specimens shown in figures 1—9 are from USGS Mesozoic 10c.
M2317. Those in figures 11, 13, 15, 17—22 are from USGS Mesozoic loc. M2317. Those in figures 10
and 14 are from USGS Mesozoic loc. 24060. Those in figures 12 and 16 are from USGS Mesozoic 10c.
M2318. All these specimens are from organic shale directly overlying Upper Triassic beds in
northern Alaska.

24, 25. Ota/pim‘a marshalli (Trenchmann), (p. B1).

24. Right valve, hypotype T312390 from New Zealand Geological Survey 10c. 348 on Otapiri Creek in
Hokonui Hills, New Zealand. View made from plaster replica.

25. Left valve, hypotype TM2389 from New Zealand Geological Survey loc. 349 on Otapiri Creek in
Hokonui Hills, New Zealand. View made from plaster replica.

NNNHHHHHHHHHH
wHopmdmmmwNHowpo-qgogww

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

   
  

PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573—B PLATE 1
I A. a

y“:

            

OTAPIRIA

PLATE 2

[All figures are twice natural size unless otherwise indicated]

FIGURES 1—27. Luphcrella bocohiformis (Hyatt), (1), B8).

1.
2.

Syntype USNM 30189, left valve, View of rubber imprint.
Lectotype USNM 153296, right valve.

3—5. Cotypes USN M 30191 of “Daonella” cardinoides Hyatt. Figure 3 is a left valve. Figures 4 and 5

GOOD-15)

are right valves. This species is a synonym of Luphcrclla bocchiformis (Hyatt).

. Hypotype USNM 153297, left valve. Originally described as Daonclla sp. ( ?) by Hyatt (1894, p. 416).
. Hypotype USNM 153298, right valve ( X 3).

. Hypotype USN M 153299, right valve ( X 3).

. Hypotype USNM 153300, right valve (X 3).

10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
. Hypotype USN M 153310, right valve.
21.
22.
23.
. Hypotype USNM 153314, left valve.
25.
26.
27.

Hypotype USNM 153301, right valve ( X 3).
Hypotype USNM 153302, right valve ( X 3).
Hypotype USN M 153303, right valve (X 3).
Hypotype USNM 153304, right valve.

Hypotype Oalifornia Acad. Sci. 12778, right valve.
Hypotype USNM 153305, right valve.

Hypotype USNM 153306, right valve.

Hypotype USN M 153307, right valve.

Hypotype USNM 153308, right valve.

Hypotype USNM 153309, right valve.

Hypotype USNM 153311, left valve.
Hypotype USNM 153312, left valve.
Hypotype USN M 153313, left valve.

Hypotype USNM 153315, interior of right valve.

Hypotype USNM 153316, left valve.

Hypotype California Acad. Sci. 12779, right valve». All specimens shown on figures 1—6 are from the
Sailor Canyon Formation at USGS Mesozoic 10c. 2464, California. The specimens shown in figures
7—13, 15—18, 20—24 and 26 are from the Nicely Formation of Lupher (1941) at USGS Mesozoic 10c.
29222, Oregon. Specimens shown in figures 14 and 27 are from the Nicely Formation at Lupher’s
10c. 125, Oregon. Figure 19 is from a rubber imprint of an external mold in brown mudstone of the
Nicely Formation at USGS Mesozoic 100. 29326, Oregon. Figure 25 is from the Nicely Formation at
USGS Mesozoic loc. 26740. Note anterior byssal ear shown in figures 7—12 and small anterior wing
shown in figures 21—24 and 26.

28—31. Otapim‘a sp. undet. (p. B7).
Figured specimens USNM 153295. Figures 28 and 29 are right valves showing byssal ear and notch.
Figures 30, 31 are left valves. All specimens shown in figures 28—31 from float; at USGS Mesozoic 10c.
M1717 in the upper Yukon Valley, Alaska.
32. Otapim'a tailleuri Imlay, n. sp. (p. B3),
Hypotype USN M 153294, from USGS Mesozoic 100. 24060, northern Alaska. Shows characteristic shape
and ribbing of immature specimens.

PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573—B PLATE 2

   

 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

LUPHERELLA, N. GEN,AND OTAPIRIA

U, S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1967 O - 237-493

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

m
'5
’6

313- , ,
"SPLAlTusu11n1dae From the

Graford Formation and

7 DAY

Winchell Limestone
Canyon Group

Upper Pennsylvanian

in Brown County, Texas

 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573—.C

 

Fusulinidae From the
Graford Formation and
Winchell Limestone
Canyon Group

Upper Pennsylvanian

in Brown County, Texas

By DONALD A. MYERS

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573—C

Systematic descriptions of eig/zt species, including
five new species, of fasa/inia’ Foraininifera front
toe lower part of t/ze Canyon Group, Upper

 

Penny/vanian, central Texas

 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1967

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

William T. Pecora, Director

 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, US. Government Printing Office
Washington, DC. 20402 — Price 30¢ (paper cover)

CONTENTS

Page Page

Abstract ___________________________________________ Cl Description of species—Continued
Introduction _______________________________________ 1 Triticites procerus Myers, var. A __________________ 06
Previous investigations __________________________ 3 Triticites nebraskensis Thompson, 1934 ____________ 9
Acknowledgments _______________________________ 3 Triticites submagdalium Myers, n. sp ______________ 9
Description of species _______________________________ 3 Triticites muscerda Myers, n. sp ___________________ 11
Oketaella earglei Myers, 1966 _____________________ 3 Triticites exilimuratus Myers, n. sp ________________ 14
Kansanella voluminosa Myers, n. sp _______________ 4 Collecting localities- . _______________________________ 14
Triticites procerus Myers, n. sp ___________________ 4 References cited ____________________________________ 16

ILLUSTRATIONS

[Plates follow index]

PLATE 1. Kansanella and Oketaella from the Adams Branch Limestone Member of the Graford Formation.
2. Triticites from the Graford Formation and the Winchell Limestone.

Page
FIGURE 1. Generalized outcrop pattern of the Graford Formation and the Winchell Limestone in Brown County, Tex ______ CZ
2—8. Graphs showing measurements:

2. Kansanella voluminosa Myers, n. sp_. _____________________________________________________________ 5

3. Triticites procerus Myers, n. sp ___________________________________________________________________ 7

4. Triticz’tes procerus Mvers, var. A _________________________________________________________________ 8

5. Triticites nebraskensis Thompson, 1934 ____________________________________________________________ 10

6. Triticites submagdalium Myers, n. sp _____________________________________________________________ 12

7. Triticites muscerda Myers, 11. Sp __________________________________________________________________ 13

8. Triticites exilimuratus Myers, n. sp _______________________________________________________________ 15

III

«Rubin

 

 

 

 

CONTRIBUTIONS T0 PALEONTOLOGY

FUSULINIDAE FROM THE GRAFORD FORMATION AND WINCHELL LIMESTONE, CANYON
GROUP, UPPER PENNSYLVANIAN, IN BROWN COUNTY, TEXAS

By DONALD A. MYERS

ABSTRACT

Eight species of fusulinids referred to the genera Oketaella,
Kansanella, and Triticites are found in the Graford Formation
and Winchell Limestone of Brown and northern McCulloch
Counties in north-central Texas. These formations represent
the lower part of the Canyon Group of early Late Pennsyl-
vanian age.

INTRODUCTION

Marine rocks of Middle and Late Pennsylvanian and
Early Permian ages in north-central Texas contain an
abundance of well—preserved fusulinid Foraminifera.
The differences in the fusulinid faunas in the various
subformational units are sufficiently distinct that the
fusulinids may be used to identify the member, and in
some instances, the individual bed from which col-
lections were made. These faunal differences are
apparent in assemblages; only rarely are they discern-
ible in a few specimens.

The area of this report lies entirely within the C010-
rado River drainage basin in central Texas. It is
bounded on the east by the base of the Graford For-
mation and on the west by the top of the Winchell
Limestone. The north edge of the area is in Brown
County, where the Graford Formation is overlapped by
rocks of Cretaceous age. The south edge is in Mc-
Culloch County, near the town of Mercury (fig. 1).

This report describes fusulinids from the Graford
Formation and Winchell Limestone, of early Late
Pennsylvanian age, in Brown and McCulloch Counties,
Tex. The fusulinid collections were made between
1950 and 1963.

Eargle (1960) has given a detailed account of the
Pennsylvanian stratigraphy of the area, and only a
general summary is presented in this report.

The Graford Formation, the lowermost formation
assigned to the Canyon Group, is underlain by the
Strawn Group, and is overlain by the Winchell Lime-
stone of the Canyon Group. In midcontinent
terminology, the Graford Formation is of early Missouri
age. It lies at the base of the faunal zone of T riticites.
The Graford Formation has been divided in ascending

 

order into the Brownwood Shale, the Adams Branch
Limestone, and the Cedarton Shale Members. Fusu—
linids are locally abundant in the Brownwood, common
throughout the Adams Branch, and sparse in the
Cedarton.

The Brownwood Shale Member, named by Drake
(1893, p. 389—391) for exposures near Brownwood, is
225—300 feet thick in central and southern Brown
County (Eargle, 1960, p. 64). It consists dominantly
of gray to red shale and lenticular beds of sandstone,
and it contains a few thin beds of limestone and cal-
careous shale in the lower part. About 50 feet below
the top of the member there is a zone containing nu-
merous marine fossils and a thin bed that is a coquina
of fusulinids.

The Adams Branch Limestone Member was named
by Drake (1893, p. 391) for rocks that crop out along
the headwaters of Adams Branch west of Brownwood.
The following stratigraphic section was measured by
the writer in 1963. The rocks exposed in this section
are fairly typical of outcrops of the member in Brown
County, and the thickness of about 36 feet is in close
agreement with that reported by Drake (1893, p. 391).
Section of the Adams Branch Limestone Member of the Graford

Formation in cuts of the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway

along Adams Branch, 3 miles west-southwest of the trafi‘ic circle
in Brownwood, Tex.

Top of Adams Branch Limestone Member. ft
Limestone, poorly exposed, locally concealed _______ 10 (est.)
Limestone, light-olive-gray, fine calcarenite; wavy

bedded in lower 12 ft; beds 6—8 in. thick; medium-

to light-gray shale partings between limestone

beds; beds between 12 ft above base and top of

unit are evenly bedded and are 6—18 in. thick,

averaging about 1 ft thick; fusulinids are common

in lower 14 ft and at the top of the unit _________ 22
Limestone, yellowish-gray, fine calcarenite; locally

contains minor amounts of pyrite; beds about 1 ft

thick; contains algal plates and sparse fusulinids- _ 2
Concealed; probably limestone to top of Brownwood

Shale Member of the Graford Formation ________ 2 (est.)

Total Adams Branch Limestone Member- _-_ 36
01

 

C2

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALE ONTOLOGY

    

 

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FIGURE l.-——Generalized outcrop areas of the Graford Formation (stippled) and the Winchell Limestone (crosshatch) in Brown
County, Tex (from Cheney and Eargle, 1951). Numbers refer to localities from which collections of fusulinids were made.

UPPER PENNSYLVANIAN FUSULINIDAE, BROWN COUNTY, TEXAS

The Cedarton Shale Member, named by Drake
(1893, p. 391—392) for exposures near Cedarton, is
15—25 feet thick. Exposures of the Cedarton are
generally limited to roadcuts and stream embank-
ments. According to Eargle (1960, p. 65), gray shale
near the base of the Cedarton grades upward into red
shale containing lenticular beds of sandstone. Thin
beds of argillaceous limestone occur near the middle
of the member, but fusulinids have been found in
these beds only in northern McCulloch County.

The Winchell Limestone was named by Nickell
(1938, p. 105) and was defined by him as the upper—
most member of the Graford Formation. He used
the name for a “group of thin limestones separated
by thick shale beds and thin sandstones in the Winchell
area, in Brown County * * *” Eargle(1960, p.63, 65)
redefined the Graford Formation, restricting it to beds
beneath the Winchell Limestone and elevated the
Winchell to formational rank. According to Eargle,
the Winchell is about 100 feet thick and consists of
about one—third limestone, in two sequences of resist—
ant beds, separated by shale. Fusulinids have been

found at only two localities, both in the upper part
of the Winchell.

PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS

Little information has been published on the fusulinid
faunas from rocks of the Canyon Group. White (1932)
described and illustrated several species of fusulinids
from the Pennsylvanian and lower Permian rocks of
central Texas, and he briefly discussed their strati—
graphic distribution. Myers (1960) illustrated, but did
not describe several species of fusulinids from the Can-
yon Group, and related them to the stratigraphic se-
quence. Myers (1966) described a new species of
Oketaella from the Adams Branch Limestone Member of
the Graford Formation. Other information has been
restricted to incidental mention of fusulinids by various
workers in conjunction with stratigraphic studies of the
region.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The stratigraphic nomenclature used in this report is
the revised terminology prepared by Eargle (1960),
which is based on his geologic mapping in Brown and
Coleman Counties and on that by Stafford (1960) and
Terriere (1960, 1963). Much of the fusulinid material
used in this report was collected by Eargle during his
geologic mapping.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES

All figured specimens (pls. 1, 2) have been deposited at
the US. National Museum. All localities mentioned in
the text are plotted on figure 1 and are described on
pages 14 and 16.

 

C3

Measurements of specimens used to describe the
various species have been plotted on semilogarithmic
graphs (figs. 2—8). Graphical presentation of the data
has been used in preference to the more conventional
tabulation of data because the writer believes the former
to be easier to compare and interpret and less susceptible
to error in transcription. Semilogarithmic graphs were
used in preference to nonlogarithmic graphs because, as
pointed out by Burma (1942, p. 742), growth in orga-
nisms follows “more or less closely a logarithmic func—
tion.” By plotting the data on a logarithmic scale,
measurements of the inner volutions are given promi-
nence proportionate to those of the outer volutions.

Terminology used in the descriptions of species is that
of Dunbar and Henbest (1942, p. 35—48). The mor-
phology of the fusulinid test and definition of terms are
also given by Thompson (1964, p. C360—C381).

Genus OKETAELLA Thompson, 1951
Oketaella earglei Myers, 1966
Plate 1, figures 10—13

Stafiella? sp. Myers, 1960, pl. 17, fig. 25.
Oketaella earglei Myers, 1966, p. B47—B50.

Description—A small, subspherical to inflated fusi-
form species with rounded ends and a maximum length
of about 0.9 mm (millimeter) and a maximum width of
about 0.6 mm. Average length and width of 30 speci-
mens are 0.7 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively, in mature
specimens of two to three volutions.

The height of the volution increases from an average
of 0.037 mm in the first whorl to 0.053 mm in the
second, to 0.090 mm in the third. The form ratio
averages 1.2 in the first whorl and 1.4 in the second
and third whorls.

The proloculus is large for the genus. Its external
diameter ranges from 0.085 to 0.158 mm and averages
0.124 mm. It is generally spherical, although it may
be subquadrate in cross section. The wall of the
proloculus is about 0.012 mm thick.

The chomata are low and broad. The tunnel is
poorly defined. The tunnel angle averages about 33°
in the first volution and about 38° in the second.

The septa are plane except in the polar regions
where the fluting may be very weak or absent. Septal
pores have not been noted. The number of septa
ranges from 7 to 9 in the first volution, 11 to 15 in the
second, and is about 18 in the third.

The spiral wall has an average thickness of 0.011 mm
in the first volution, 0.016 mm in the second, and
0.018 mm in the third. It consists of a thin tectum,
about 0.0063 mm thick, and a keriotheca about 0.0093
mm thick in the outer whorl. Ten alveoli occupy
about 0.080 mm.

C4

Discussion.~0ketaella earglei difl'ers from other
described species of Oketaella chiefly by its low and
broad chomata and larger proloculus.

Age and distribution.-The illustrated specimens are
from the upper part of the Adams Branch Limestone
Member of the Graford Formation at locality f10109.
Other specimens of this species have been noted in the
upper part of the member elsewhere in Brown County
and vicinity. Specimens referable to this species have
also been noted in the Winchell Limestone; however,
they are very sparse in that unit.

Figured specimens.—Holotype, USN M 642564;
paratypes, USNM 642560, 642561; figured specimen
USNlVl 686755.

Genus KANSANELLA Thompson, 1957
Kansanella voluminosa Myers, n. sp.
Plate 1, figures 1—9; text figure 2

Kansanella cf K. neglectus (Newell). Myers, 1960, p. 43, pl. 16,

fig. 6.

Kansanella ex gr. K. osagensis (Newell).

pl. 16, figs. 7, 8.

Description—An elliptical to subcylindrical species,
with bluntly rounded to pointed ends, that averages
about 8.5 mm long and 2.3 mm wide in mature speci-
mens. Maximum and minimum length of 30 specimens
was 11.2 mm and 6.4 mm, respectively. Maximum and
minimum width of 33 specimens was 3.0 mm and 1.8 mm
respectively. The form ratio of the exterior whorl
ranges from 2.6 to 4.4 and averages about 3.7.

Most mature specimens have seven volutions, but
some have six or, more rarely, eight. The height of the
volution increases rapidly from an average of 0.048 mm
in the second volution to 0.218 mm in the seventh.
In the eighth volution, the height averages 0.240 mm
and may be as much as 0.360 mm. The form ratio
increases at a fairly uniform rate from about 1.4 in the
first volution to 3.9 in the eighth volution.

Most proloculi are spherical. The external diameter
of 45 proloculi ranged from 0.073 to 0.194 mm and
averaged 0.128 mm. The thickness of the proloculus
wall of 39 specimens ranged from 0.006 to 0.024 mm
and averaged 0.014 mm.

The tunnel angle increases uniformly from about 18°
in the first volution to 27° in the third; it increases to
an average of 36° between the third and fourth volu—
tions. Thence, it increases uniformly to 58° in the
seventh volution. An angle as high as 93° has been
recorded in the sixth volution. The path of the tunnel
is generally straight, although in some specimens there
may be lateral shifting.

The chomata are well developed in all whorls except
the penultimate. In the juvenile whorls they are low
broad ridges that extend to the poles; in later whorls

Myers, 1960, p. 43,

 

CONTRIBUTIONS T0 PALEONTOLOGY

they are distinct asymmetric leveelike ridges having
the steep side toward the tunnel. The chomata gen-
erally occupy 40—70 percent of the height of the
chamber.

The septa are strongly and irregularly fluted. The
fluting is most nearly regular in the inner whorls, and
it becomes extremely variable in intensity in the outer
whorls. In some specimens, the fluting in the outer
two or three whorls may be very strong; in others, the
fluting may be plane. Septal pores are not common;
however, they have been noted in a few specimens in
the outermost whorls. The pores range from 0.012 to
0.024 mm in diameter. The number of septa increases
from 9 or 10 in the first whorl to about 30 in the seventh
whorl.

The spiral wall increases in thickness from an average
of 0.011 mm in the first volution to 0.067 mm in the
eighth volution. It consists of a thin tectum and a
keriotheca in which 10 alveoli occupy 0.122—0.15O mm
in the outer volutions.

Measurements of this species are shown in figure 2.

Discussion—Kansanella voluminosa is similar to
K. neglecta (N ewell), 1934; however, K. voluminosa is
larger, has a lower form ratio, and has a greater height
of volution in all whorls. From K. plicatula (Merchant
and Keroher), 1939, it may be distinguished by its
slightly smaller size, lower form ratio, larger pro-
loculus, and by its more strongly developed chomata.
The intensity of the septal fluting of K. voluminosa is
most similar to that of K. osagensis (Newell), however,
K. osagensis is much more slender, has a smaller pro—
loculus, and has a higher form ratio in all volutions.

Age and distribution—This species has been found
in the lower part of the Adams Branch Limestone
Member near Brownwood at localities f10001, f10013,
f10112, f10113, and f10114. Specimens referable to
the genus Kansanella have not been found above the
basal few feet of the Adams Branch Limestone Member
in Central Texas.

Types.—Holotype, USNM 686749 ;paratypes, USNM
686746—686748, 686750—686754.

Genus TRITICITES Girty. 1904
Triticites proeerus Myers, n. sp.
Plate 2, figures 1—6, 8; text figure 3

Description—A slender fusiform species, with rounded
to slightly pointed ends, that averages 5.7 min in
length and 1.6 mm in width in mature specimens of
six to seven volutions. The form ratio of the exterior
whorl ranges from 3.2 to 5.0 and averages 3.7. The
axis is straight or slightly arcuate.

Most mature specimens have six volutions, but
some have five or seven. The rate of coiling is generally
uniform from the second volution to maturity, although

UPPER PENNSYLVANIAN FUSULINIDAE, BROWN COUNTY, TEXAS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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FIGURE 2.—-Measurements of Kansanella voluminosa Myers, n. sp.

O5

C6

the seventh whorl may be somewhat more tightly
coiled than the preceding ones. The form ratio ranges
from 1.0 to 1.9 in the first whorl to a maximum of 4.6
in the fifth whorl, 4.2 in the sixth, and 5.0 in the
seventh.

The proloculus is spherical; its outside diameter
ranges from 0.056 to 0.126 mm and averages 0.099 mm.
The thickness of the proloculus wall averages 0.011mm.

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an average of 23° in the first volution to an average of
67° in the sixth. The greatest change in tunnel angle
is between the third and fourth volutions where the
angle averages 34° and 47°, respectively. The path
of the tunnel is relatively straight; however, there may
be slight lateral shifting in the outermost whorls.

The chomata are well developed in all whorls but
the penultimate. They generally occupy about half
the height of the chamber, and in the earlier whorls
extend almost to the poles of the volution. In the
later whorls, the chomata are less broad and form dis-
tinct leveelike ridges on the floor of the volution.

The septa in the axial region of the test may be
weakly and irregularly fluted, but are generally plane
except in the polar regions where they are weakly
fluted. Septal pores were noted in the outer whorls of
a few specimens, where they range from 0.007 to 0.018
mm in diameter. The number of septa in a single
specimen gradually increases from 10 in the first vo—
lution to 26 in the sixth (pl. 2, figs. 6, 8).

The spiral wall is thin, ranging from 0.007—0.012 mm
in the first volution to 0050—0084 mm in the outer
whorl of mature specimens. It consists ofa thin tectum
and a keriotheca in which 10 alveoli occupy 0.087—
0.136 mm in the sixth whorl.

Measurements of this species are shown in figure 3.

Discussion.——Triticites procems is one of the earlier
species referable to the genus T riticites. It is charac-
terized by the very thin wall, by the fusulinelloid cho-
mata in the early whorls, by the small proloculus, by
the close spacing and small size of the alveoli, and by
the weak to plane septal fluting. T. procerus is most
similar to T. ohioensis Thompson, 1936 (of Thompson,
1957), but is somewhat smaller, has a larger proloc—
ulus, larger tunnel angle, and thicker spiral wall.

Age and distribution~Triticites procerus has been
found in a limestone lentil about 60 feet above the base
of the Brownwood Shale Member at localities f10016
and f10097. It has also been found at the typical
sections of the Palo Pinto Limestone of Plummer and
Hornberger (1935), in Palo Pinto County, at locality
f 10098.

Types.—--Holotype USNM 686756; paratypes USNM
686757—686762.

 

CONTRIBUTIONS T0 PALEONTOLOGY

Triticites procerus Myers, var. A

Plate 2, figures 7, 13; text figure 4

Description—A subcylindrical to fusiform form with
rounded ends; mature specimens average 6.6 mm in
length and 1.8 mm in width. The form ratio of the
exterior whorl ranges from 2.8 to 4.6 and averages 3.9.

Most mature specimens have six whorls. The rate
of coiling increases rather uniformly from the first
whorl to the last. The form ratio increases uniformly
from 2.2 in the first whorl to 2.6 in the third; it increases
to 3.3 in the fourth whorl and to 4.0 in the fifth. In
most specimens, the form ratio decreases to an average
of 3.9 in the sixth whorl.

The proloculus is spherical; its external diameter
ranges from 0.097 to 0.170 mm and averages 0.122 mm.

The tunnel angle increases more or less uniformly
from an average of 24° in the first whorl to 75° in
the sixth. The path of the tunnel is straight.

The chomata are well developed in all whorls but
the penultimate, where they may be poorly developed.
In the juvenile whorls, the chomata are broad ridges
that may extend to the poles; in later whorls, they
form distinct leveelike symmetric to slightly asym-
metric ridges. They generally occupy about half the
height of the chamber.

The septa are irregularly fluted. The fluting is
moderate to strong in the polar regions of the test
and weak to moderate in the equatorial regions. No
septal pores were noted. The number of septa
increases from about 10 in the first volution to about
23 in the fifth.

The spiral wall is about 0.012 mm thick in the
first volution. It increases uniformly in thickness from
0.014 mm in the second volution to an average of 0.055
mmyin the sixth. It consists of a thin tectum and a
keriotheca in which 10 alveoli occupy 013670.152 mm
in the fifth volution.

Measurements of this species are shown in figure 4.

Discussion—Triticites procerus Myers, var. A, from
the Cedarton Shale Member differs from typical
T. procerus of the Brownwood Shale Member (pl. 2,
figs. 1—6, 8) only in minor details, but these differences
apparently have stratigraphic value; hence, the Cedar-
ton form has been described separately from the
Brownwood form. From the Brownwood form of
T. procerus, the Cedarton form differs in having a
slightly greater form ratio, somewhat larger proloculus,
slightly coarser alveolar texture in the keriotheca, and
minor variance in the tunnel angle. The differences
between the two forms are so slight that the writer
does not believe that they are of subspecific value.

Age and distribution—The material came from

about the middle of the Cedarton Shale Member,

UPPER PENN SYLVANIAN FUSULINIDAE, BROWN COUNTY, TEXAS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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FIGURE 3.—Mcasuromonts of Trilz'cites procerus Myers, 11. sp.

C7

08 CONTRIBUTIONS T0 PALEONTOLOGY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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FIGURE 4,—Measurements 0f Triticites procerus Myers, var. A.

UPPER PENNSYLVANIAN FUSULINIDAE, BROWN COUNTY, TEXAS

south-southwest of Mercury,
locality f10117.
Figured specimens.—USNM 686763, 686764.

McCulloch County,

Triticites nebraskensis Thompson, 1934
Plate 2, figures 9—11, 14, 15; text figure 5
Triticz'tes irregularis (Schellwicn and Staff, 1912, first form).

White, 1932, p. 4749, pl. 4, figs. 1—3.

Triticz'tes irregularis (Schellwicn and Stafl“, 1912, second form)?

White, 1932, p. 49—50, pl. 4, figs. 4~6.

Triticz'tes ex gr. T. irregularis (Schcllwicn and Staff, 1912).

Myers, 1960, pl. 16, figs. 14, 15.

DescriptionmAn elliptical to fusiform species, with
rounded ends, which in mature specimens of six whorls
averages 3.9 mm in length and 1.2 mm in width. The
form ratio of the exterior whorl of mature specimens
ranges from 2.4 to 3.8 and averages 3.0. The axis is
straight to slightly arcuate.

Most mature specimens have six whorls, but some
have five or seven. The rate of coiling is uniform in
the first five whorls, but declines somewhat in the sixth.
The form ratio ranges from 1.0 to 2.4 in the first whorl
to a maximum of 4.2 in the fifth. The form ratio shows
the greatest rate of increase in the first three whorls—
from an average of 1.3 in the first to an average of 2.5
in the third. It increases more slowly, to an average of
3.2, in the sixth whorl.

The proloculus is spherical; its external diameter
ranges from 0.061 to 0.122 mm and averages 0.097 mm.
The thickness of the proloculus wall averages 0.013 mm.

The tunnel is broad. The tunnel angle ranges from
an average of 21° in the first volution to an average of
50° in the fourth. A single specimen measured 74° in
the fifth volution. The tunnel angle increases at a
more or less uniform rate throughout the test. The
path of the tunnel is relatively straight; however, there
may be slight lateral shifting in the outermost whorls.

The chomata are well developed. They generally
occupy from two- to three-fifths of the height of the
chamber, and in the earlier whorls may extend almost
to the poles of the volution. In the later whorls,
though still broad, the chomata usually do not extend
more than a fraction of the distance to the poles, and
they form distinct leveelike ridges on the floor of the
volution.

The septa are plane throughout the axial regions of
the test but become weakly fluted in the polar extrem-
ities. No septal pores were observed. The number of
septa increases gradually from about 7 in the first
volution to about 17 in the fifth.

The spiral wall is thin, ranging from 0.012 to 0.024
mm in thickness in the early volutions. It gradually
increases in thickness to about 0.050 mm in the fifth
whorl. It consists of a thin tectum and keriotheca in
which 10 alveoli occupy 0.136—0.152 mm in the sixth

245-715 0—67—!2

 

C9

whorl. Preservation of the alveoli is such that they
are rarely discernible.

Measurements of this species are shown in figure 5.

Discussion—The primitive character of Triticites
nebraskensis, one of the earlier species of the genus
Triticites, is indicated by the very thin wall, by the
fusulinelloid chomata in the early whorls, by the small
proloculus, and by the close spacing of the alveoli. T.
nebmskensis may be distinguished from the other
members of this group chiefly by its small size and by its
elliptical axial cross section.

Triticites nebmskensis from the Brownwood Shale
Member has a thicker wall and larger tunnel angle in
all volutions than the form of T. nebmskensis from the
Cherryvale Shale of Iowa and Missouri as described by
Thompson (1957, p. 319). The size of the test, the form
ratio, and the number and height of volutions are about
the same in both forms. The average diameter of the
proloculus of the Cherryvale Shale form described by
Thompson is 0.072 mm; that of the Brownwood Shale
Member form is 0.097 mm. The above differences
between the two forms are slight, they are believed to be
due to geographic or environmental factors, and are
not of specific or subspecific value.

Age and distribution.~—Triticites nebraskensis has
been found in a 6—inch-thick argillaceous limestone bed,
a coquina of fusulinids assigned to this species, about
50 feet below the top of the Brownwood Shale Member
of the Graford Formation at locality f10014, west of
Brownwood. It has also been found in less abundance
in a limestone lentil about 60 feet above the base of the
Brownwood Shale Member at locality f10032, and at
locality f10096.

Figured specimens.—USNM 686765—686769.

Triticites submagdalium Myers, n. sp.
Plate 2, figures 12, 16—19; text figure 6
Triticites irregularis Myers, 1960, pl. 16, figs. 16—17.

Description—An elongate subcylindrical species,
with bluntly rounded ends, as much as 8 mm long and
2 mm wide in mature specimens of six volutions. The
form ratio of the exterior whorl ranges from 3.6 to 5.9
and averages 4.3. The axis is straight to slightly
arcuate.

Most mature specimens have six volutions. The rate
of coiling is generally uniform from the second whorl to
maturity. The form ratio increases uniformly from an
average of 1.7 in the first volution to an average of 4.2
in the fifth, and decreases to an average of 4.1 in the
sixth.

The proloculus is spherical; its external diameter
ranges from 0.098 to 0.146 mm and averages 0.122 mm.
The thickness of the proloculus wall averages 0.012 mm.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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IoasIII‘I-nu-nts of ’I'I'I'licilcs nebraskensz's Thompson, 192

\

FIGURE :).—I

V

UPPER PENNSYLVANIAN FUSULINIDAE, BROWN COUNTY, TEXAS

The tunnel is bread. The tunnel angle increases
uniformly from an average of 30° in the first volution to
48° in the third. It increases abruptly to 67° in the
fourth volution and is about 80° in the fifth. The
path of the tunnel displays lateral shifting in the outer
whorls of most specimens.

The chomata are low'and broad. In the earlier
whorls the epithecal deposits that form the chomata
extend to the poles. In later whorls, these deposits
form distinct leveelike ridges on either side of the tunnel.
The chomata occupy about half the height of the cham-
ber in the earlier whorls; they decrease in .height in later
whorls, and they may be absent in the penultimate
whorl.

The septa are weakly to moderately fluted along the
axis and in the polar regions. They are plane to weakly
fluted in the outer whorls. The number of septa grad-
ually increases from 7 to 10 in the first volution to about
20 in the sixth. Septal pores were not noted.

The spiral wall is about 0.012 mm thick in the first
volution and gradually increases to about 0.060 mm in
the sixth. The spirotheca consists of a thin tectum and
a keriotheca in which 10 alveoli occupy 0136—0174 mm
in the outer whorls of mature specimens.

Measurements of this species are shown in figure 6.

Discussion.—Triticites submagdalium is a member of
the group of T. irregularis. It most closely resembles
T. procems; however, it may be distinguished from that
species by its somewhat larger form ratio, by the much
larger tunnel angle in the fifth whorl, and by the more
rapid rate of uncoiling. From T. nebraskensis it may be
distinguished by its greater size, greater form ratio,
faster rate of uncoiling, and greater tunnel angles.

Age and distribution—This species has been found in
the Brownwood Shale Member of the Graford Forma-
tion in a limestone lentil about 60 feet above the base of
the member at locality f 10033.

Types.—Holotype, USNM 686771; paratypes, US-
NM 686770, 686772—686774.

Triticites muscerda Myers, n. sp.

Plate 2, figures 20—27, 29, 31; text figure 7

Triticites ohioensis Thompson, 1936.

figs. 1—4.

Description—An elliptical to subcylindrical species
with rounded ends. It averages 6.2 mm in length and
1.8 mm in width. The form ratio of the exterior whorl
ranges from 2.4 to 5.1 and averages 3.4.

Most mature specimens have six whorls, but they may
have seven or eight. The rate of coiling increases at a
uniform rate to the sixth whorl and decreases somewhat
in the outer whorls. The form ratio increases uniformly

Myers, 1960, p. 43, pl. 16,

 

011

from an average of 1.8 in the first whorl to an average of
3.3 in the fifth; the rate decreases to an average of 3.6 in
the seventh whorl.

The proloculus is usually spherical, although in a few
specimens it may be elliptical. The outside diameter
ranges from 0.097 to 0.215 mm and averages 0.129 mm.
The wall of the proloculus has an average thickness of
about 0.012 mm.

The tunnel angle increases at a fairly uniform rate
from about 21° in the first whorl to about 57° in the
fifth; the rate of increase diminishes in the sixth whorl
where the average is 61°. A single specimen has a
tunnel angle of 72° in the seventh whorl. The path of
the tunnel is generally straight, although lateral shifting
of the tunnel has been noted in the outer whorls.

The chomata are well developed in all whorls but the
penultimate. In the earlier whorls the chomata are
broad ridges that extend to the poles of the volution; in
the later whorls, the chomata form distinct leveelike
ridges having the steep side toward the tunnel. They
generally occupy from half to three-fourths of the
height of the chamber.

The septa are weakly to moderately fluted; the
strongest fluting is in the axial and polar regions of the
inner whorls. Fluting may be absent in the outer
whorls, especially in the equatorial regions of the test.
Septal pores are sparse, occurring mostly in the outer
whorls where they average 0.012 mm in diameter in the
sixth whorl. The number of septa increases at an
irregular rate from an average of 9 in the first whorl to
an average of 26 in the sixth whorl. A single specimen
had 28 septa in the seventh whorl.

The spiral wall increases in thickness from 0.012 mm
in the first whorl to 0.056 mm in the sixth. It is com-
posed of a thin tectum and a keriotheca in which 10
alveoli occupy 0.90—0.152 mm in the outer volutions of
mature specimens.

Measurements of this species are shown in figure 7.

Discussion.——Trittcites muscerda Myers, n. sp., most
closely resembles T. ohioensis Thompson, 1936. T.
muscerda has a larger proloculus and has fewer volutions
and fewer septa per volution. From other members of
the group of T. irregularis, T. muscerda may be dis-
tinguished by its larger size, its larger proloculus, and by
the shape of the volutions in axial sections.

Age and distribution—This species has been found
near the top of the Adams Branch Limestone Member
of the Graford Formation at many localities. The
specimens used for description of this species came from
localities f10018, f10028, £10099, f10100, 110110, 110115,
and f10116.

Types.~Holotype, USNM 686778;
USNNI 686775—686777, 686779—686784.

paratypes,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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FIGURE 6.—Measuremcnts of Triticites submagdalium Myers, 11. sp.

UPPER PENNSYLVANIAN FUSULINIDAE, BROWN COUNTY, TEXAS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Measurmnonls of ’l‘r'il'iciles muscm-da Myers, II. sp

Menu: 7.

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Cl4

Triticites exilimuratus Myers, n. sp.

Plate 2, figures 28, 30, 32—36; text figure 8

Trilicites ex gr. T. irregularis (Schellwicn and Staff), 1912.
Myers, 1960, p. 43, pl. 17, figs. 19, 20, 22~24.

Description.~—An elliptical fusiform to subcylin-
drical species with bluntly rounded to pointed ends;
mature specimens average about 3 mm in length and
about 1.1 mm in width. The form ratio of the exterior
whorl ranges from 2.2 to 3.2 and averages 2.9.

lWost mature specimens have five or six volutions.
The rate of coiling increases in an almost parabolic
curve from an average volution height of 0.021 mm in
the first volution to an average volution height of 0.126
mm in the sixth volution. The form ratio increases
uniformly from an average of 1.5 in the first volution to
2.8 in the sixth.

The proloculus is spherical; in 41 specimens the
external diameter ranged from 0.055 to 0.110 mm and
averaged 0.073 mm. In these specimens the thickness
of the proloculus wall ranged from 0.008 to 0.012 mm
and averaged 0.009 mm.

The tunnel angle increases from an average of 21° in
the first volution to an average of 46° in the fifth. The
path of the tunnel is generally straight.

The chomata are well developed. In the earlier
whorls the chomata extend to the poles; in later whorls,
they form distinct leveelike ridges having the steep
side toward the tunnel. They generally occupy more
than half the height of the chamber.

The septa are plane or weakly fluted in the equatorial
regions of the test and moderately fluted in the polar
regions. Septal pores have not been noted. The num-
ber of septa increases uniformly from an average of 9 in
the first volution to an average of 24 in the sixth.

The spiral wall is composed of a thin tectum that is
about 0.005 mm thick in the outer whorls, and an
alveolar keriotheca in which 10 alveoli occupy 0.100—
0.136 mm in the outer whorls. The wall is very thin
for a triticite. Its thickness averages 0.007 mm in the
first whorl and increases gradually to an average of
0.049 mm in the sixth whorl.

Measurements of this species are shown in figure 8.

Discussioni T riticites exilimumtus differs from other
members of the group of T. irregularis in being some-
what smaller and in having a lower form ratio, a smaller
proloculus, a narrow tunnel that increases uniformly in
width from the first volution to the outer volutions,
and a thinner wall.

Age and distributions? T riticites erilimuratus has been
found in the Winchell Limestone at localities f10080
and f10081. Poorly preserved specimens referable to
this species have also been found in the Cedarton Shale

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

Member of the Graford Formation at locality f10118,
at about the middle of the member. The Cedarton
forms are somewhat smaller and usually have one less
volution than the Winchell forms; in other character-
istics, the forms are virtually the same.

Types.~~Holotype, USNM 686785;
USNIVI 686786—686791.

paratypes,

COLLECTING LOCALITIES

The following register of collecting localities has been
compiled in large part from notes taken by the collector
and is arranged in stratigraphic sequence starting with
the oldest units. Localities from the same member
have been placed in numerical order. The “f” preceding
the digits identifies the locality as a U.S. Geological
Survey Foraminifera collecting locality; the localities
are shown on figure 1.

Brownwood Shale Member ofthe Graford Formation

{10014. Brown County. Collected from a 6—in. limestone bed
that is afusulinid coquina, 53 ft below the top of the member.
Roadcut of U.S. Highways 67 and 84 in steep hill over-
looking Brownwood, 1 mile west of junction with State
Highway 279 and crossing of Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe
Railway. Collected by D. H. Earglc, Apr. 20, 1950.

f10016. Brown County. Collected from 6—in. bed of impurc
ferruginous limestone, which is a coquina of fusulinids, and
from overlying brown-weathering 4-in clay bed 0.7 mile
northeast of Owens, 0.2 mile south of road crossing, in ditch
on east side of road. Collected by 1). H. Earglc,
July 11, 1951.

f10032. Brown County. Fusulinids occur in gray-weathering
limestone. North of east-trending road in badland type
of topography, 2.1 miles S. 85° E. of Winchell. Collected
by l). A. Myers, May 8, 1953.

f10033. Brown County. Limestone slightly above the middle
of the Brownwood Shale Member. On old Brownwood-
Brady highway, 0.7 mile northeast of right—angle bend of
highway; 3.8 miles N. 55° E. of Winchell; 3.4 miles S.
15° E. of Brookesmith. Collected by 1). H. Eargle and
D. A. Myers, May 7, 1953.

f10096. Brown County. Fusulinid—bearing fossiliferous limc-
stone about 2 ft thick. In bed of small dry creek 2.5 miles
southwest of Owens on Cox and McGinnis Ranch (1951).
Collected by D. H. Eargle, July 11, 1951.

f10097. McCulloch County. Calcareous siltstonc and shale
containing calcareous concretions. On south side of Col—
orado River, on river bend convex to the south; 0.2 mile
southeast of junction of Colorado River and Crooked
Branch (Rough Hollow); 0.7 mile southeast of Winchell;
0.1 mile east of old Winchell crossing on the Colorado
liver. Collected by l). A. Myers and D. H. Eargle,
May 7, 1953. ~

f10098. Palo Pinto County.
Limestone (Plummer and Hornbcrger, 1935, p. 47).
thick lenticular limestone ledge about midway up west
wall of quarry, beneath a layer of bcllcrophontid and
other gastropods, and brachiopods, mostly Composite.
Collected by l). A. Myers, June 18, 1953.

Typical sections of Palo Pinto
4-in.-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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FIGURE 8.

015

016

Adams Branch Limestone Member of the Graford Formation

f10001. Brown County. Floor of abandoned part of quarry
of Waco-Tex Material Co., 1 mile west of Brownwood,
along south side of drainage ditch. Collected by D. H.
Eargle, Mar. 18, 1950.

f10013. Brown County. Collection from near base of 20u26 ft
of limestone in quarry. On crest of hill, 1/2 mile west of
Brownwood Country Club; 4.9 miles south-southwest of
the courthouse at Brownwood. Collected by D. H. Eargle,
Mar. 29, 1950.

f10018. Brown County. About 3 ft of limestone exposed.
Anthill between road and dry streambed contains abundant
long cigar—shaped fusulinids. On southwest-trending coun-
try road, 5 miles N. 48° E. of Brookesmith. Collected by
D. H. Eargle, July 9, 1951.

f10028. McCulloch County. Lower part of the Adams Branch
Limestone Member. On tip of a sharp southward bend
of the Colorado River, 1.95 miles S. 45° W. of USBM
1345 at Winchell. Collected by D. A. Myers, May 10, 1953.

f10099. Brown County. Anthill at top of 2-ft-thick buff to
gray nodular algal limestone bed. East side of road, 3
miles S. 33° W. of Cedarton, toward small knoll capped by
brown limestone. Collected by D. H. Eargle, July 1951.

f10100. Brown County. Headwaters of middle fork of Adams
Branch, west of Brownwood, 3 miles S. 60° W. from junc-
tion State Highway 279, U.S. Highways 67, 84, and Gulf,
Colorado and Santa Fe Railway at Brownwood. Collected
on northwest side of streambed, 2—3 ft stratigraphically
above edge of vertical escarpment, near top of member.
Collected by D. A. Myers, Mar. 12, 1955.

f10109. Brown County. 7% ft below top of member. 0.2 mile
south of USBM 1345 at Winchell on U.S. Highway 377,
north of bridge across the Colorado River, in roadcut on
west side of highway. Collected by D. A. Myers, May 10,

1953.
£10110. Brown County. About a foot below the top of the
member. On road that runs west from Jordan Springs to

Cedarton, 0.7 mile south of Cedarton; 7.2 miles S. 25° W.
of courthouse in Brownwood. Collected by D. A. Myers,
May 6, 1953.

f10112. Brown County. Type area of member. From shale
interbed at base of exposed section in railroad cuts of Gulf,
Colorado and Santa Fe Railway along head of Adams
Branch, 2% miles S. 68° W. of junction State Highway 279
with U.S. Highways 67, 84, and Gulf, Colorado and Santa
Fe Railway. Collected by D. A. Myers, Apr. 11, 1963.

f10113. Brown County. Same locality as f10112. From shale
interbed in limestone, 3 ft above base of exposed section.

f10114. Brown County. Same locality as f10112. From lime-
stone 5 ft above base of exposed section.
f10115. Brown County. Same locality as f10112. From lime-

stone 14 ft above base of exposed section.

f10116. Brown County. Same locality as f10112. From top
of exposed limestone section, 22 ft above base of exposed
section.

Cedarton Shale Member of the Graford Formation

{10117. McCulloch County. Calcareous interbeds at about the
middle of the member. Along abandoned railroad grade,
just west of old l\riercury—Placid road, and south of cutoff
road to U.S. Highway 377; 2 miles south-southwest of USBM
1501 at Mercury. Collected by l). A. Myers, Apr. 10, 1963;
I). H. Eargle, Feb. 24, 1952.

f10118. McCulloch County. Greenish-brown ferruginous lime-
stone that weathers yellow, about 10 ft above base of

 

CONTRIBUTIONS T0 PALE ONTOLOGY

member. On tip of sharp southward bend in Colorado
River; 1.95 miles S. 45° W. from USBM 1345 at Winchell.
Collected by D. A. Myers, May 10, 1953.

Winchell Limestone

f10080. Brown County. Lower 4 ft of a 30-ft-thick bed of
limestone that forms the top of a hill. 3.2 miles N. 76° W.
of the intersection of U.S. Highways 67, 84, and 377 at
Brownwood; 1.5 miles (airline) southwest of State High-
way 279, on a hillslope on the north side of a secondary road.
Collected by D. A. Myers, Mar. 10, 1955.

f10081. Brown County. Lower foot of a massive bed of lime-
stone that crops out on the south side of the spillway,
above a concrete wall, about 150 yards downstream from
Lake Brownwood. Collected by D. A. Myers, Mar. 10,
1955.

REFERENCES CITED

Burma, B. H., 1942 Missourian Triticites of the northern mid-
continent: Jour. Paleontology, v. 16, p. 739—755.

Cheney, M. G., and Eargle, D. H., 1951, Geologic map of Brown
County, Texas: Texas Univ., Bur. Econ. Geology.

Drake, N. F., 1893, Report on the Colorado coal field of Texas:
Texas Geol. Survey 4th Ann. Rept, pt. 1, p. 355—446.

Dunbar, C. 0., and Henbest, L. G., 1942, Pennsylvanian Fusu-
linidae of Illinois: Illinois State Geol. Survey Bull. 67,
218 p., 23 pls., 13 figs.

Eargle, D. H., 1960, Stratigraphy of Pennsylvanian and lower
Permian rocks in Brown and Coleman Counties, Texas:
U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 315—D, p. 55—77.

Girty, G. H., 1904, Triticites, a new genus of Carboniferous fo-
raminifers: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 17, p. 234—240, 5 text figs.

Merchant, F. E., and Keroher, R. P., 1939, Some fusulinids from
the Missouri Series of Kansas: Jour. Paleontology, v. 13, p.
594—614, pl. 69.

Myers, D. A., 1960, Stratigraphic distribution of some Pennsyl-
vanian Fusulinidae from Brown and Coleman Counties,
Texas: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 315—C, p. 37—53.

—————1966, Oketaella earglei, a new fusulinid species, from the
Adams Branch Limestone Member of the Graford Formation
of Late Pennsylvanian age, Brown County, Texas, in Geo—
logical Survey research 1966: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof.
Paper 550—B, p. B47—B50.

Newell, N. D., 1934, Some mid-Pennsylvanian invertebrates
from Kansas and Oklahoma: 1. Fusulinidae, Brachiopoda:
Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 422—432, pls. 52—55.

Nickell, C. O., 1938, Stratigraphy of the Canyon and Cisco
groups on Colorado River in Brown and Coleman Counties,
Texas, in Lee, Wallace, and others, Stratigraphic and
paleontologic studies of the Pennsylvanian and Permian
rocks in north-central Texas: Texas Univ., Bur. Econ.
Geology Bull. 3801, p. 91- 138.

Plummer, F. B., and Hornberger, J., 1935, Geology of Palo
Pinto County, Texas: Texas Univ., Bur. Econ. Geology
Bull. 3534, 240 p., 28 figs, 7 pls.

Schellwien, Ernst, and Staff, Hans von, 1912, Die Fusuliniden
(Schellwienien) nordamerikas: Paleontographica, v. 59,
p. 157492, pls. 15—20.

Stafford, P. T., 1960, Geology of the Cross Plains quadrangle,
Brown, Callahan, Coleman, and Eastland Counties. Texas:
U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1096—8, p. 39~72.

Terriere, R. T., 1960, Geology of the Grosvenor quadrangle,
Brown and Coleman Counties, Texas: U.S. Geol. Survey
Bull. 1096—A, p. 1—35.

UPPER PENNSYLVANIAN FUSULINIDAE, BROWN COUNTY, TEXAS

Terriere, R. T., 1963, Petrography and environmental analysis of
some Pennsylvanian limestones from central Texas: U.S.
Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 315—E, p. 79—126.

Thompson, M. L., 1934, The fusulinids of the Des Moines
Series of Iowa: Iowa Univ., Studies in Nat. History, v. 16,
p. 277—332, pls. 20—23.

1936, Pennsylvanian fusulinids from Ohio:
Paleontology, v. 10, p. 673—683, pls. 90, 91.

Thompson, M. L., 1951, New genera of fusulinid Foraminifera:

J our.

017

Cushman Found. Foraminifera Research Contra, v. 2, p.
115—119, pls. 13, 14.

———— 1957, Northern midcontinent Missourian fusulinids:
Jour. Paleontology, v. 31, no. 2, p. 289—328, pls. 21—30.

1964, Fusulinacea, in Protista, pt. C of Moore, R. (3., ed.,
Treatise on invertebrate paleontologv: Geol. Soc. America
and Univ. Kansas Press, p. 0358—0436.

White, M. P., 1932, Some Texas Fusulinidae: Texas Univ., Bur.
Econ. Geology Bull. 3211, p. 1—105, pls. 1—10.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PLATES 1 and 2

 

 

PLATE 1

FIGUREs 1—9. Kansanella voluminosa Myers, n. sp. (X 10) (p. C4).
1—5. Axial sections.
1. USNM 686746 from USGS loc. f10114, slide 8.
2. USNM 686747 from USGS loc. f10113, slide 3.
3. Note septal pores in the outer whorls. USNM 686748 from USGS loc. f10112, slide 5.
4. Holotype, USNM 686749 from USGS 10c. £10114, slide 5.
5. USNM 686750 from USGS 10c. f10112, slide 12.
. Equatorial section. USNM 686751 from USGS loc. f10001, slide 9.
. Equatorial section. USNM 686752 from USGS loe. f10013, slide 8.
. Axial section. USNM 686753 from USGS loc. f10001, slide A.
9. Axial section. USNM 686754 from USGS loc. f10013, slide 1.
10~13. Oketaella earglei Myers, 1966 (X 100) (p. C3).
10—12. Axial sections.
10. Characteristic lack of scptal fluting and large proloculus. USNM 686755 from USGS loc. f10109,
slide 34.
11. Paratvpe showing alveolar wall in outer whorl. USNM 642564 from USGS 10c. f10109, slide 24.
12. USNM 642560 from USGS loc. f10109, slide 28.
13. Equatorial section. USNM 642561 from USGS loc. f10109, slide 36.

OOKICE

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573vC PLATE 1

 

 

KANSANELLA AND OKETAELLA FROM THE ADAMS BRANCH LIMESTONE MEMBER OF THE GRAFORD FORMATION

PLATE 2

[All figures X 11

FIGURES 1-6, 8. Triticiies procems Myers, n. sp. (p. C4).
From the Brownwood Shale Member of the Graford Formation.
1. Axial section of the holotype. USNM 686756 from USGS loc. f10097, slide 4.
2‘5. Axial sections.
2. USNM 686757 from USGS loc. f10097, slide 5.
3. USNM 686758 from USGS loc. f10098, slide 2.
4. USNM 686759 from USGS loc. f10016, slide 3.
5. USNM 686760 from USGS loc. f10097, slide 1. Note the septal pores in the outer whorls.
6. Equatorial section. USNM 686761 from USGS loc. f10098, slide 3.
8. Equatorial section. USNM 686762 from USGS loc. f10016, slide 10.
7, 13. Trit'z’ciles procerus Myers, var. A (p. C6).
From the Cedarton Shale Member of the Graford Formation.
7. Axial section. USNLVI 686763 from USGS loc. f10117, slide 8.
13. Equatorial section. USNM 686764 from USGS loc. f10117, slide 3.
9-11, 14, 15. Triticiles nebraskensis Thompson, 1934 (p. 09).
From the Brownwood Shale Member of the Graford Formation.
9. Axial section. USNM 686765 from USGS loc. f10096, slide 2.
10. Equatorial section. USNM 686766 from USGS loc. f10096, slide 6.
11. Equatorial section. USNM 686767 from USGS loc. f10014, slide 4.
14. Axial section. USNM 686768 from USGS loc. f10096, slide 4.
15. Axial section. USNM 686769 from USGS loc. f10014, slide 12.
12, 1649. Triticites submagdalium Myers, n. sp. (p. 09).
From the Brownwood Shale Member of the Graford Formation.
12. Equatorial section. USNM 686770 from USGS loc. f10033, slide 19.
16. Axial section of the holotype. USNM 686771 from USGS 10c. f10033, slide 8.
17. Axial section. USNEI 686772 from USGS loc. f10033, slide 3.
18. Axial section. USNM 686773 from USGS loc. f10033, slide 1.
19. Axial section. USNM 686774 from USGS loe. f10033, slide 7.
20:27, 29, 31. Triticiles muscerda Myers, n. sp. (p. 011).
From the Adams Branch Limestone Member of the Graford Formation.
20. Axial section. Note septal pores in the outer whorls. USNM 686775 from USGS 10c. f10018, slide 16.
21. Axial section. USNM 686776'fr0m USGS loc. f10099, slide 23.
22. Axial section. USNM 686777 from USGS loc. f10018, slide 36.
23. Axial section of the holotype. USNM 686778 from USGS loc. f10100, slide 8.
24. Axial section. USNM 686770 from USGS loc. f10116, slide 6.
125. Equatorial section. USNM 686780 from USGS 10c. f10018, slide 10.
26. Equatorial section. USNM 686781 from USGS loc. f10116, slide 7.
27. Axial section. USNM 686782 from USGS loc. f10115, slide 5.
29. Equatorial section. ISSNM 686783 from USGS 10c. f10099, slide 21.
31. Equatorial section. USNM 686784 from l'SGS 10c. f10115, slide 8.
28, 30, 32—36. Trilicites eiz'limuralus Myers, n. sp. (p. C14).
Specimens illustrated as [igures 30 and 36 are, from the ()edarton Shale Member of the Graford Formation;
all others are from the Winchell Limestone.

28. Axial section of the holotype. I’SNM 686785 from l'SGS 10c. f10081, slide 6.
30. Axial section. l'SNM 686786 from USGS loc. f10118, slide 4.
32 Equatorial sect ion. USNM 686787 from USGS loc. f10081, slide 22.

33. Axial section. I'SNM 686788 from USGS loc. f10080, slide 25.

34. Equatorial section. USNM 686780 from I'SGS 10c. f10080, slide 29.
35. Axial section. L'SNM 686790 from USGS 10c. f10080, slide 17.

36. Axial section. USNM 686791 from USGS loc. f10118, slide 1.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573-C PLATE 2

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Ostracoda From the
Uppor Tertiary

Waccamaw Formation

Of North Carolina
And South Carolina

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573—D

 

 

 

DOCUMENTS DEPARTMENT

 

APR 09 was

 

 

LIBRARY
UNIVERSTTY OF CALIFORNIA

 

 

Ostracoda From the
Upper Tertiary

Waccamaw Formation

Of North Carolina
And South Carolina

By FREDERICK M. SWAIN

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573—D

Descriptions, illustrations, geograpnic clistriéntion,
stratigrap/zic ranges, anaI environmental aspects of

microfossils

 

 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1968

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

William T. Pecora, Director

 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Oflice
Washington, DC. 20402 - Price 55 cents (paper cover) '

Page
Abstract ___________________________________________ D1
Introduction _______________________________________ 1
Type locality of the Waccamaw Formation ____________ 2 References--
Ostracode species of the Waccamaw Formation _________ 2 Index ______
Environmental aspects of Waccamaw ostracode fauna--- 4
ILLUSTRATIONS

PLATES 1-7.
FIGURE 1.

13.
14.
15.

TABLE 1.

CONTENTS

Ostracoda from the Waccamaw Formation.
Index map showing localities from which
collections were obtained _______________

. Bairdoppilata triangulata Edwards ---------
. Bairdoppilata triangulata Edwards ---------

Bairdia cf. B. tuberculata Brady -----------
Bairdia laem'cula Edwards ----------------

. Pantocythere cf. P. wilberti (Puri) ----------
. Pontocyth‘ere rugipustulosa (Edwards) -------
. Pontocythere ashermam‘ (Ulrich and Bassler)-
. Hemicytherura howei (Puri) ---------------
. Cytherura forulata Edwards ---------------
. Cytheropteron yorktownensis (Malkin) -------
. Actinocythereis exanthemata (Ulrich and Bass-

ler) __________________________________
Echinocythereis garretti (Howe and McGuirt) -
N eocaudites triplistriata (Edwards) ---------
Muellerina lienenklausi (Ulrich and Bassler)--

Acknowledgments -----------------------------------
Systematic descriptions ------------------------------

[Plates follow index]

Ostracode species of the type Waccamaw,
Horry County, 8.0 --------------------

Page
FIGURE 16.
17.
D1 18.
6
6 19.
7 20.
7 21.
9
10 22.
10 23.
1 1 24.
12 25.
13
26.
14 27.
15 28.
16 29.
17 30.
TABLES
Page

D3

 

TABLE 2.

Puriana rugipunctata (Ulrich and Bassler) --
Puriana rugipunctata (Ulrich and Bassler) _-
Pterygocythereis sp. afi. P. amen’cana (Ulrich

and Bassler) --------------------------
Oriom'na vaugham' (Ulrich and Bassler) _____
Aurila conradi (Howe and McGuirt) -------
Loxoconcha wilberti Puri and Loxoconcha puri-

subrhomboidea Edwards -----------------
Loxoconcha reticularis Edwards ------------
Basslem'tes giganticus Edwards -------------
Campylocythere laevissima (Edwards) -------
Campylocythere laevissima punctata (Ed-

wards) -------------------------------
C’ampylocythere multipunctata (Edwards) - - - -
Campylocythere laeva Edwards -------------
Bensonocythere whitei (Swain) -------------
Munseyella subminuta (Puri) ______________
Xestolebem’s howez’ Puri --------------------

Correlation chart of Waccamaw and related
formations in southeastern United States-

III

Page
D5
5

32
35

Page
D18
19

19
21
23

24
25
27
27

28
28
29
30
30
31

Page

D4

 

 

CONTRIBUTIONS T0 PALEONTOLOGY

OSTRACODA FROM THE UPPER TERTIARY WACCAMAW FORMATION OF
NORTH CAROLINA AND SOUTH CAROLINA

By FREDERICK M. SWAIN

ABSTRACT

The Ostracoda from 10 localities in the Waccamaw Formation
are represented by 51 species. Eight species in the present col-
lection are restricted to the Waccamaw deposits. Most of the
rest of the species also occur in the closely associated upper
Miocene Duplin Marl and upper part of the Yorktown Forma-
tion. An ostracode zone, typified by Aurila conradi (Howe and
McGuirt) and Mutilus confragosa (Edwards) includes these
three stratigraphic units and extends to the Recent.

On the basis of its ostracode and associated molluscan and
foraminiferal faunas the Waccamaw Formation of North and
South Carolina appears to be of transitional late Miocene to
early Pliocene age.

INTRODUCTION

The Waccamaw Formation was named by Dall
(1892) for exposures along Waccamaw River, Horry
County, northern South Carolina. It is as much as
about 20 feet thick and consists (Miller, 1912) of un-
consolidated gray and buff fine quartz sand that in
places is conglomeratic and phosphatic. Shell marls are
abundant at certain levels. In North Carolina the Wac-
camaw beds may extend as far north as Hyde County,
just south of Albemarle Sound. A molluscan fauna is
represented in the Waccamaw. Gardner (1943, 1948)
identified 21 species of Waccamaw pelecypods and 5 of
gastropods confined to this formation and indicative,
to her, of Pliocene age. Clark and others (1912) listed
several restricted Waccamaw mollusk species that they
believed represented a Pliocene age. A study by DuBar
and Howard (1963) also suggests a Pliocene age for the
Waccamaw.

As part of the US. Geological Survey’s project, At-
lantic Coast Permeability Distribution Analysis of
Sediments, being conducted by the Water Resources
Division, outcrop samples from the Waccamaw For—
mation were collected from five localities in north-
eastern South Carolina and from five localities in
eastern North Carolina (fig. 1) by Philip M. Brown
and Thomas G. Gibson. These samples were sent to the

 

 

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FIGURE 1.—Index map showing localities from which collections
were obtained.

writer for stratigraphic and environmental analysis of

their contained Ostracoda. The list of localities is as

follows:

NC—l. A marl pit 0.25 mile south of Acme Fertilizer plant at
Acme, Columbus County, NC.

NC—2. A bluff at Neils Eddy Landing on southern bank of Cape
Fear River 1 mile north of Acme, Columbus County, NC. The
fossiliferous bed is 2 feet thick and is 20 feet above the base
of the bluff. The bluish-gray sand of the exposure contains
mainly Anemia.

NC—3. A small roadcut on the road across Second Branch 1 mile
north of Acme, Columbus County, NC. The exposure is 2 feet
thick and is composed of yellow sand containing a great deal
of comminuted shell fragments.

D1

D2

NC—4. A marl pit 0.5 mile north of Old Dock, Columbus County,
NC. The exposure consists of very coarse quartz sand in which
macrofossils are common.

NC—5. Pierce Brothers quarry 8 miles southwest of Wilmington,
Brunswick County, NC. The material is coarse sand and con-
tains numerous macrofossils. including Anadam, Venus, and
Busycon.

SC~1. Parkers Landing, north bank of Waccamaw River, on
Nixonville, S.C., 15-minute quadrangle; outcrop is due south
of bench mark 38 on South Carolina Highway 905, 33°53’
55” N., 78°52’00” W. ; SC—l is from a brown shelly sand 4 feet
above river level; SC—1B is from a slightly indurated layer
exposed at river level.

SC—2. Near Mount Calvary Church, S. 10° E. of bench mark 48
on South Carolina Highway 905, north bank of Waccamaw
River, i‘ixonville, S.C., 15-minute quadrangle, 33°53’53” N.,
78°52’47” W.; samples are from units 4 and 5 of DuBar’s
(1963) measured section, which is incorrectly located at
Parkers Landing.

SCA3. About 3.1 miles south of city limits of Windy Hill Beach,
Nixonville, S.C.,, 15-minute quadrangle, N. 45° 14}. of bench
mark 48 on U.S. Highway 17, on south bank of Intracoastal
Waterway, 33°46’5 ” N., 78°47’27” VV.; about 3 feet of Wac-
camaw exposed above water level ; Cretaceous material occurs
here as spoil from dredging of waterway.

SC—4. Approximately 0.2 mile downstream from Tilly Lake,
Waccamaw River on Nixonville, S.C., 15minute quadrangle,
south bank of river, 33°49’34” N., 78°54’52" W., Waccamaw
Formation, light—gray shelly sand overlies dark-blue Cretace-
ous clay; represents DuBar’s unit 1 at his locality WA—18
(1963).

SC~5. Approximately 0.1 mile downstream from Tilly Lake,
near preceding locality.

Several specimens for the Duplin Marl, upper
Miocene, at ‘Valkers Bluff, 9 miles below Eliizabethtown,
N.C., on Cape Fear River, and from the Pleistocene at
Longs, S.C., collected by T. G. Gibson, are also illus—
trated herein for comparative purposes.

TYPE LOCALITY OF THE WACCAMAW FORMATION

Locality 80—4 is here taken to be the type locality of
the Waccamaw Formation. This locality was considered
by DuBar and Howard (1963) to be representative of
the Waccamaw and to occur in the type area of the
formation. The section at this locality, modified after
DuBar, is as follows:
Pleistocene :

'Sand, brown, gray and orange, silty, micaceous, and
clay; unfossiliferous ____________________________

Feet

13.4

Unconformlty
Waccamaw Formation (lower Pliocene to upper Miocene) :
2. Sand, calcareous, quartz, medium, subrounded,
fairly well consolidated, fairly well sorted, light-
gray (N7) ; fossils abundant, well-preserved,
size—s0rted( ‘2), no apparent preferred orienta-
tion ________________________________________ 7.0
1. Sand, calcareous, quartz, fine to medium, silty,
unconsolidated, fairly well sorted, medium-blue-
gray (5B, 5/Y) ; contains lumps of Peedee (Cre-
taceous) argillaceous sand reworked from below

 

CONTRIBUTIONS T0 PALE ONTOLOGY

and small caliche nodules. Fossils abundant,
well-preserved, size-s0rted(?); most are small
but not worn; some specimens of reworked
Ewogyra sp __________________________________ 2.0
DuBar and Howard noted (1963, p. 34) that at least
19 feet of sediments resembling the Waccamaw was
penetrated in an auger hole near the above section before
the Cretaceous Peedee Formation was reached.

OSTRACODE SPECIES OF THE WACCAMAW FORMATION

The species of Ostracoda identified in the present
collections from the Waccamaw Formation and their
geologic ranges are listed in table 1. Eight of the 51
Waccamaw species occur only in that formation or in
Quaternary faunas of the area, but do not occur in the
geographically associated upper Miocene Duplin Marl
and Yorktown Formation. Twenty-three of the species
occur only in the Waccamaw and in the Duplin and
Yorktown Formations or older deposits but not in the
Quaternary faunas of the area. The close similarity of
the Waccamaw ostracode assemblages to those of the
upper Miocene Yorktown (upper part) and Duplin
Formations of the Middle Atlantic region and the
Choctawhatchee Formation (of former usage) of
Florida (Puri, 1954) suggests that the Waccamaw is
nearly the same age as those formations.

The evidence of the age of the Waccamaw beds, based
on the ostracodes and associated mollusks studied by
others, is not conclusive but points toward a transitional
late Miocene to early Pliocene age for the formation
(table 2).

Unpublished studies by the writer on other Miocene
ostracode faunas of the Middle Atlantic States show
that the pre-upper Yorktown Miocene of the region is
characterized by Murray/ind ho‘wei Puri and M. gu/ntem'
(Howe and Chambers).

Cushman (1918) studied the Foraminifera from the
Waccamaw Formation on Waccamaw River, S.C., and
from two localities in North Carolina. Considering only
the species he recorded from the South Carolina locality,
which presumably are definitely from the Waccamaw
Formation, Cushman identified 15 species. Of these he
also recorded seven in the Miocene of the Atlantic
Coastal Plain. Most of the other Waccamaw species
were, at the time Cushman wrote, also recorded from the
later Tertiary and Recent. Only one new species and a
possibly distinct subspecies were restricted by Cushman
to the Waccamaw of the Waccamaw River locality. The
Foraminifera, like the Ostracoda, show a close rela-
tionship to the late Miocene of the region and suggest
that the Waccamaw Formation is only slightly, if at
all, younger than the upper Miocene Duplin Marl and
Yorktown Formation of North Carolina and Virginia.

OSTRACODA FROM THE WACCAMAW FORMATION

TABLE 1.—Ostracode species of the type Waccamaw, Horry County, SC.

D3

 

 

 

 

Species Prc- Duplin Waccamaw Post-
Duplln Waccamaw

Actinocythereis exanthemata (Ulrich and Bassler) ________________________ X X X X
Aurila conradi comadi (Howe and McGulrt) ___________________________ X X X X
Aurila laevicula (Edwards) __________________________________________ X X

Bairdia laem’cula Edwards ___________________________________________ X X X

Bairdia cf. B. tuberculata Brady ______________________________________ X X
Bairdoppilata triangulata Edwards ____________________________________ X X X

Basslerites giganticus Edwards _______________________________________ X X X

Bythocypris wicomicoensis Swain _____________________________________ X X X X
Campylocythere laeva Edwards _______________________________________ X X X X
Campylocylhere laevissima (Edwards) _________________________________ X X X X
Caudites sellardsi (Howe and Neill) ___________________________________ X X X

Caudites? sp _______________________________________________________ X ? X X

Cletocythereis? mundorfii (Swain) _____________________________________ X X X

Cytheretta of. C. calhounensis Smith ___________________________________ X X X

Cytheromorpha curta (Edwards) ______________________________________ X X X X
Cytheropteron choctawhatcheensis Purl- _ _ _ ,- ____________________________ X X X

Cytheropteron yorktownensis Malkln ___________________________________ X X X
Cytherum of. C. costata Muller _______________________________________ X? X
Cytherura elongata Edwards _________________________________________ X X X X?
Cytherura forulata Edwards __________________________________________ X X X X
Eucytherum sp _____________________________________________________ X
Echinocythereis garretti (Howe and McGuirt) __________________________ X X X
Haplocytheridea aff. H. blanpiedi (Stephenson) _________________________ X

H aplocytherz’dea bradyi (Stephenson) __________________________________ X ? X? X X
H aplocytheridea setipunctata (Brady) __________________________________ X X X X
Hemicytherum howei (Purl) __________________________________________ X X X

J onesia howei (Purl) ________________________________________________ X X X

Bensonocythere whim (Swain) ________________________________________ X X X X
Loxoconcha purisubrhomboidea Edwards _______________________________ X X X X
Loxoconcha reticularis Edwards _______________________________________ X X X X
Loxoconcha wilberti Purl _____________________________________________ X X X
Loxocorm'culum Sp __________________________________________________ X X?
Munseyella subminuta (Purl) _________________________________________ X? X ? X

Muellerina lienenklausi (Ulrich and Bassler) ___________________________ X X X X
Murrayina? Sp _____________________________________________________ X

Mutilus confragosa (Edwards) _______________________________________ X? X X X?
Neocaudites triplistriata (Edwards) ___________________________________ X X X
Occultocythereis sp __________________________________________________ X

Orionma vaughani (Ulrich and Bassler) _______________________________ X X X X
Paracytheridea cf. P. vandenboldi Purl _________________________________ X X X X
Pontocythere ashermani (Ulrich and Bassler) ___________________________ X X X X?
Pontocythere of. P. rugipustulosa (Edwards) ____________________________ X X X

Pontocythere cf. P. wilberti (Purl) _____________________________________ X X X

Pterolom? sp ______________________________________________________ X
Pterygocythereis sp. afi. P. amem‘cana (Ulrich and Bassler) _______________ X X X X
Puriana mesicostalis (Edwards) ______________________________________ X X

Puriana rug’ipunctata (Ulrich and Bassler) _____________________________ X X X X
Xenocythere? sp ____________________________________________________ X

Xestoleberis choctawhatcheensis Purl ___________________________________ X X X

Xestoleberis howei Purl ______________________________________________ X X X

Xiphichilus sp _____________________________________________________ X

 

 

 

D4

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALE ONTOLOGY

TABLE 2.—C’orrelation chart of Waccamaw and related formations in southeastern United States
[Slightly modified after Cooke and others (1943).]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series Subdivision North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida
Upper Caloosahatchee Formation (southern
Pliocene Croatan Waccamaw Charlton Florida)
Lower sand Formation Formation Buckingham Marl (southern Florida)
(of former usage)
Duplin Marl Duplin Marl Choctawhatchee Formation
Miocene Upper Yorktown Raysor Marl Duplin Marl (western Florida)
Formation (of former usage) (of former usage)

 

 

 

 

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF WACCAMAW
OSTRACODE FAUNA

The following species that occur in the Waccamaw
Formation in the present collection were identified by
Puri (1960) from Recent localities off the Florida coast,
but were not recorded from nearshore localities or from
bays:

Bairdz'a cf. B. taberoulata Brady
Mutilus confragosa (Edwards)

The following species of the Waccamaw Formation
were cited by Benson and Coleman (1963) as character-
istic of waters deeper than 50 feet off southeastern
Florida:

Bairdoppilata tfian’galata Edwards

E chinoog/thereis gawettz' (Howe and McGuirt)

Pontocythere ashemani (Ulrich and Bassler)

Pterg/gocythereis sp. afi'. P. amem'oana (Ulrich and
Bassler)

All the Waccamaw localities studied herein yielded
one or more of these species. In terms of numbers of
specimens, however, the Acme and Neils Eddy Bluff
localities, which were relatively farther downbasin than
the South Carolina localities, yielded more abundant
Mattias confragosa. There is also a slight tendency for
Pontooythe'r'e ashermani to be more abundant at the
downbasin localities.

Among the species that Benson and Coleman cited as
typically living in water less than 50 feet deep, H aplocy-
therz'dea bradyi (Stephenson), Puricma mgipqmctata
(Ulrich and Bassler), and Campyloog/there Zaem'ssima
(Edwards) occur in the Waccamaw.

A study by Hulings and Puri (1965) of ostracode as-
semblages from the west coast of Florida provides a
comparison with some of the Waccamaw material.

The following species were found by Hulings and
Puri to prefer sand-mud substrate: Haplocytheridea
bradyz' (Stephenson) and Puriana mgipunctata (Ulrich
and Bassler).

A preference for clean sand substrate was shown by
C’ampylocythere Zaem'ssima (Edwards). That species,
together with Aum'la conradz' (Howe and McGuirt) and

 

Pontocyt/Lere ashermani, were found by Hulings and
Puri to be typical of water less than 65 feet deep and of
more than 30%,, (parts per thousand) salinity.

The following species of the Waccamaw were observed
by Hulings and Puri to represent salinities slightly
lower than the preceding assemblage and to prefer
sand-mud substrate: Actinocythereis ewanthemata (U1:
rich and Bassler), H aplooytheridea setipano‘tata
(Brady), and Oythemra elongata Edwards. Many of
the other Recent species of marginal salinity do not
occur in the Waccamaw, and a Recent assemblage of
still lower salinity does not contain any Waccamaw
species.

Comparison of the Waccamaw species with those
from a modern Texas bay (Swain, 1955) shows the
following relationships 2

Haplocythem'dea bradyi (Stephenson) occurs princi-
pally in the lower lagoonal part of San Antonio Bay,
TeX., behind a barrier beach, in water about 5 feet deep;
chlorinity range is 6.5 to 21%,, pH 7.85, Eh +202 mv
(millivolts).

Pontoon/there sp. aff. P. mag/6rd (Howe and Garrett)
of San Antonio Bay is close to P. mgipustulosa (Ed-
wards) of the present collection and occurs in the lower
estuarine part of the Texas bay.

Paracytheridea candenboldz' Puri is represented in
San Antonio Bay in the lower part of the lagoon in the
same area with H aplocg/theridea bradye'; it occurs in
the intermediate localities in the Waccamaw.

Actinocythereis emanthemata Ulrich and Bassler has
a close relative in San Antonio Bay which is concen-
trated in the lower part of the bay.

Lowoconcha cf. L. (lusty-alts Brady, rare in the middle
part of San Antonio Bay, closely resembles L. wilberti
Puri of the Waccamaw at Acme, N.C. Lomooomha mat-
agordensis Swain of lower San Antonio Bay closely
resembles L. purisubrhomboz'dea Edwards of some of
the Waccamaw localities.

Aum'Za com‘aoli (Howe and McGuirt) is abundant in
lower San Antonio Bay and is present at nearly all the
Waccamaw localities studied.

OSTRACODA FROM THE WACCAMAW FORMATION

Oytheromorpha curta of the present collection is
closely similar to 0. pascagoulemis Mincher, a typical
bay species. Furthermore, 0. cam; is living in Pamlico
Sound.

Oythemm elongata Edwards of general distribution
in San Antonio Bay also has general distribution in the
Waccamaw.

The data suggest that the Waccamaw Ostracoda in-
clude species characteristic of an open shelf, as well as
those of an indented coastline. The shallow-water bio-
facies is represented by most of the Waccamaw species,
but in particular by Cytheromorpha curta, H aplocg/the-
rz'dea bradyi, Uampylooythere laevissz'ma, and Pumiana
rugipunctata. Other species which generally indicate a
baylike environment that are common in the Wacca-
maw are Uytherum elongate Edwards, 0. forulata Ed-
wards and Lomoconcha purisubrhomboidw Edwards.

The deeper water, probably inner neritic biofacies, is
represented by greater frequency of Mutilus confmgosa,
Pontocg/flz ere (Is/temnam', Bairdoppilam triangular/ta,
Echinocyflzerez‘s garrettz', and perhaps Pterygocytherez's
sp. aif. P. americaha.

There is little evidence for a low-salinity brackish
water or estuarine facies of the Waccamaw. The merg—
ing-assemblage character of the Waccamaw ostracodes
suggests that insufficient time was available or that off-
shore slopes were too steep for barrier beaches to become
well formed in the Waccamaw area.

With regard to the environmental aspects of the Wac-
camaw Foraminifera from the locality on Waccamaw
River, compared to those from the Caloosahatchee For-
mation of Florida, of similar age, Cushman (1918, p.
5) states:

A comparison of the faunas shows marked difierences in the
conditions under which the two formations were deposited. Al-
though the lots of material from the Waccamaw formation are
not so rich as those from the Caloosahatchee marl, they never-
theless contain enough species clearly to show that the Wacca-
maw was laid down under conditions very dissimilar to those
of the Caloosahatchee at its type locality. Nearly all the species
in all the material are identical with those found at the present
time along our Atlantic coast, but those from the Waccamaw
formation of North and South Carolina and also some of those
from Shell Creek, Fla, are much more similar to the material
now found north of Cape Hatteras, while the Caloosahatchee
River material represents a typically tropical shoal-water fauna
such as may be found about southern Florida and in shallow
water about the West Indies.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Thomas G. Gibson collected the North Carolina sam-
ples and separated ostracode specimens from matrix.
Philip M. Brown collected the South Carolina samples
and provided advice as to the stratigraphic relation—
ships of the \Vaccamaw Formation. Frederick J. Gun-

266-183 0—67——2

 

D5

ther and June M. Gilby assisted in preparing the illus-
trations. Appreciation is expressed to these individuals.

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS

The illustrated specimens will be deposited in the U.S.
National Museum. Some of the photographs of speci—
mens were slightly retouched. In this paper the follow-
ing abundance designations are used: very abundant,
50 or more specimens; abundant, 25—49 specimens; com-
mon, 10—24 specimens; frequent, 5—9 specimens; rare,
1—4 specimens. 0

Family BAIRDIIDAE Sars, 1888
Genus BYTHOCYI’RIS Brady, 1880

Distinguished by its elongate-reniform shape, low
convexity, rounded extremities, smooth surface, ridge-
and-groove hinge, larger LV (left Valve) than RV
(right valve), broad inner lamellae, narrow zone of con-
crescence, short radial canals, and compact group of
muscle-scar spots.

Lower Ordovician to Recent.
T ype amoeba—B. reniformis Brady, Recent.

Bythocypris Wicomicoensis Swain

Plate 1, figures la, b

Bythocypm’s? wicom‘ico‘en‘sis Swain, 1948, Maryland Dept. Ge-
ology, Mines, and Water Resources Bull. 2, p. 191, pl. 12,
fig. 1. Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234A,
p. 17, pl. 1, figs. 4, 5.

DiagnosiS.—Elongate, subtriangular-subreniform in
outline, highest medially; anterior rounded, posterior
narrowly curved; venter slightly concave; LV slightly
larger; surface smooth.

Hinge, as viewed by transmitted light in one speci-
men, consists of a groove on LV, lying on both flanks of
apex of valve, into which fits edge of RV; muscle scar
lies slightly posterior to midlength and consists of a
group of three or four spots ventral to which lie one or
more additional spots; zone of concrescence narrow;
radial canals numerous, short, and closely spaced termi-
nally; inner lamellae not clearly seen but apparently are
broad both terminally and ventrally.

Length of figured specimen 0.70 mm, height 0.35 mm,
convexity 0.20 mm.

Remarks.—Bythocypre's bowed Puri from the Chocta-
whatchee Formation (of former usage) of Florida is a
closely similar if not identical species, but is apparently
not quite as elongate as B. wicomz'coensis.

Occurrence.—In the Waccamaw Formation the spec—
ies is rare at locality NC—1, Acme, N.C. (upper zone),
and from localities SC—3 and SCA, Horry County,
S.C.; previously described from the subsurface Mio—
cene (Calvert Formation) of Maryland (Swain, 1948)

D6

and questionably from the subsurface middle Eocene of
Maryland (Swain, 1952).

Specimens studied—Three.

Figured specimen—USNM 649865.

Genus BAIRDOPI’ILATA Coryell, Sample, and Jennings, 1935

Resembles Bairdia but on anterior and posterior dor-
sal slopes in selvage area of each valve are small trans-
verse ridges and grooves.

Lower Cretaceous to Tertiary
Type species—B. mamtyni. Coryell, Sample, and J enn-
ings, Upper Cretaceous»

Although it is considered to be a synonym of Baipdia
by van Morkoven (1963) , it forms a useful stratigraphic
taxon and the present writer favors retaining it.

Bairdoppilata triangulata Edwards
Plate 1, figures 2a, b ; text figures 2, 3
Bairdoppilata triangulata Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v.

18, p. 507, pl. 85, figs. 5, 6. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey
Bull. 36, p. 223, pl. 1, figs. 3, 4; text figs. 1a, b.

 

Diagnosis. Subtriangular, highest medially, anterior
extended medially, rounded below; posterior bluntly an-
gulated, extended below; venter straightened medially;
greatest convexity median; LV with strong middorsal
and midventral overlap; surface sparsely and faintly
pitted. Internal structures are as shown in text figures
2 and 3; radial canals not observed; terminodorsal mar—
ginal denticulations seen on LV but not on RV.

FIGURE 2.—Bairdoppilata triangulata Edwards. Interior of right
valve; locality NC—1.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 1, fig. 2a) 0.78 mm,
height 0.45 mm, convexity 0.33 mm.

Remarks—No separated valves were found in the
VVaccamaw collections, but the external form of the
specimens is typical for the species.

Occurrence—In the Waccamaw Formation at l0—
cality NC—l, Columbus County, NC. (upper zone),
and at localities SC—2 and SC—3, Horry County, 8.0;
also from the Duplin Mar] and the upper and middle
parts of the Yorktown Formation, upper Miocene of

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALE ONTOLOGY

 

FIGURE 3.—Bairdoppilata triangulata Edwards. Interior of left
valve; locality NC—l

North Carolina (Edwards, 1944).
Specimens studied—Seven.
F igm'ed specimens.—USNM 649866, 650006, 650007.

Genus BAIRDIA McCoy, 1844

Ncsidca Costa, 1849, Accademia pontaniana, Naples, Atti, v. 5,
p. 183.

Morrisitma Gibson, 1955, Jour. Paleontology, v. 29, p. 1069,
[(pro Morrisitcs, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 35, p. 21 not
Buckman, 1921)].

Acratinclla Schneider, 1956, in Mandelstam and others, Ma-
terial of Paleont, new ser., v. 12, VSEGEI, Geol. Inst,
Min. Geol. Moscow, p. 92.

Characterized by elongate fusiform shape, arched
dorsum, rounded anterior, pointed posterior, smooth to
pitted or tuberculate surface, larger LV With short
hinge groove, muscle scars a compact median group,
zone of concrescence wide, numerous close—set radial
canals. Ordovician to Recent.

Type species—B. em'tus McCoy, Carboniferous.

Bairdia cf. B. tuberculata Brady
Plate 1, figures 3a, b; text figure 4

Bairdia rhomboidea Brady, 1870, Les Fonds de la Mer, v. 1, p.
162, pl. 19, figs. 14, 15, [not B. rhomboidea Kirkby, 1858].

Bairdia tuberculata Brady, 1880, Challenger reports, Zoology,
v. 1, pt. 3, p. 60, pl. 10, fig. 3 Puri, 1960, Gulf Coast Geol.
Soc. Trans, v. 10, p. 131, pl. 6, figs. 9, 10.

Nesidca tuberculata (Brady) Miiller, 1912, Das Tierreich, p.
243.

Diagnosis—Shell elongate—subtriangular, highest
medially, dorsum moderately arched, venter straight-
ened, anterior sharply curved medially; posterior
bluntly pointed, extended below; dorsal slopes strongly
truncated; posteroventral margin spinose; few spines
on anterior; LV overlaps strongly, terminally and ven—
trally; 'alve convexity greatest median to postero-
median; surface densely punctate. Internal structures
as observed in present specimens are shown in text fig—
ure 4.

OSTRACODA

FROM THE

 

FIGURE 4.—Bairdia of. B. tuberculata Brady. Interior
of left valve; locality SC—2.

Length of figured specimen 0.70 mm, height 0.66 mm,
convexity 0.32 mm.

Remarks.——The form, internal structures, and exter—
nal ornamentation of the shell are like those prescribed
for B. tuberculata.

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw Formation, lo-
calities NC—5, Brunswick County, N.C., and SC—2,
Horry County, S.C.; also living in Gulf of Mexico and
elsewhere (Brady, 1868—86, 1880; Miiller, 1912).

Specémens studied—Two.

Figured specimen.—USNM 649867.

Bairdia laevicula Edwards
Plate 1, figures 4a, 1); plate 7, figure 2; text figure 5
Bairdia lacvicurla Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p.
506, pl. 85, figs. 3, 4. Swain, 1952, US. Geol. Survey Prof.
Paper 234-A, p. 17. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull.
36, p. 223, pl. 1, fig. 1, text fig. 1d.
Diagnosis.—Elongate-ovate, highest anterior to mid-
dle, dorsum moderately concave, venter straightened;
anterior rounded below, truncate above; posterior
pointed, extended submedially, slightly concave above;
valves moderately convex; LV overlaps strongly mid-
ventrally, less strongly dorsally; surface weakly and
densely punctate; inner lamellae of moderate width;
muscle scar median, composed of 8—10 spots in a dorso—
ventrally oval group; hinge and other marginal fea-
tures of a LV are as shown in text figure 5.

"It

FIGURE 5,—Bairdia lacvicula Edwards. Interior of left valve;
locality N C—5.

WACCAMAW FORMATION D7

, Length of figured specimen (pl. 1, fig. 4a) 0.78 mm,
1 height 0.45 mm, convexity 0.33 mm.

Remarka—The surface pitting, outline, and other
. shell characteristics of the present specimens are like
1 those of B. Zae’vz'mda.

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw Formation, lo—
cality NC—l, Columbus County, N.C.; locality NC—5,
Brunswick, County, N.C.; localities SC—2 and SC—4,
Horry County, SC; previously described from the
. Duplin Marl and the upper and middle parts of the
‘ Yorktown Formation, upper Miocene of North Car—
olina.

Specimens studied—Four.

Figured specimen.—USNM 649868.

Family CYTHERIDEIDAE Sars, 1925
Subfamily CYTHERIDEINAE Sars, 1925

Genus HAPLOCYTHERIDEA Stephenson, 1936

Leptor-ythem'dea Stephenson, 1937, Jour. Paleontology, v. 11, p.
157.

Phractoeythcridca Sutton and Williams, 1939, J our. Paleontol-
ogy, v. 13, p. 571.

Elongate-subovate, moderate convexity, ends blunt to
tapering in dorsal view, anterior rounded, posterior
rounded to pointed, larger LV with merodont hinge;
surface smooth, pitted, or with vertical and concentric
furrows; zone of concrescence broad, vestibules narrow,
radial canals numerous, muscle scars a vertical un-
divided row of spots with anterior spots. Upper
Cretaceous to Recent.

Type speeées.—0. montgomeryemis Howe and Cham—
bers, upper Eocene.

Although some authors (van Morkoven, 1963, p. 279)
restrict the genus to the pre-Miocene on basis of minor
details of hinge and other features, the present writer
concurs with Sandberg (1964) in extending the range
of the genus into the Neogene.

Haplocytheridea setipunctata (Brady)
Plate 1, figures 5a—c; plate 7, figures 1a, b

Oythem'dea setipunctata Brady, 1869, Les Fonds de la Mer, v.
1, p. 124, pl. 14, figs. 15, 16.

Cytheridea (Haplocytheridca) ponderosa Stephenson, 1938,
Jour. Paleontology, v. 12, p. 133, pl. 23, fig. 10; pl. 24, figs.
1, 2.

Haplocytheridca ponderosa (Stephenson). Puri, 1960, Gulf Coast
Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans, v. 10, p. 110. Curtis, 1960, Am.
Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 44, pl. 23, fig. 2.

Cyprideis fiom‘dana Puri, 1900, Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc.
Trans, v. 10, p. 100, pl. 2, fig. 5; text fig. 1—3 [notoythem'dea
floridana Howe and Hough, 1935].

Haplocytheridca basslcm’ Stephenson, Swain, 1955 [part], Jour.
Paleontology, v. 29, p. 617, pl. 59, fig. 9a [not fig. 9b:
Cyprideis avatar (Mincher), fide Sandberg, 1964]. See
Sandberg, 1964. Micropaleontology, v. 10, p. 361, for other
questionable references to this species.

 

D8

Haplocythcridew gigantea Benson and Coleman, 1963, Kansas
Univ. Paleont. Contr., Arthropoda, Art. 2, pl. 27, pl. 3, figs.
1044; text fig. 14.

?0ythcridea puncticillata Brady, Tressler and Smith, 1948
[part], Chesapeake Biol. Lab. pub., v. 71, pl. 1, fig. 2 [fide
Sandberg 1964}.

Haplocythcidca setipunetam (Brady). Sandberg, 1964, Micro-
paleontology, V. 10, p. 361. Sandberg, 1965, Pub. Staz. Zool.,
Napoli, v. 33, supp, p. 508, pl. 3, fig. 12. Hulings and Puri,
1965, Pub. Staz. Zool., Napoli, v. 33, supp, p. 329, fig. 14.

Diagnosis.—Shell subovate, dorsum moderately
arched, venter convex, sinuous anteriorly; anterior
rounded, extended below; posterior broadly rounded,
extended medially; moderately convex, blunt-ended in
edge View. LV overlaps RV around entire margin. Sur-
face sparsely punctate. Internal structures are as

described by Sandberg (1964).

Length of figured specimen (pl. 1, fig. 5a) 0.81 mm,
height 0.53 mm, convexity 0.43 mm.

Remarka—The present writer has followed the re-
cent study by Sandberg (1964) in the assignment of
the Waccamaw specimens to this species and genus.

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw Formation, locality
NC—3, Columbus County, N.C.; locality NC—5, Bruns-
wick County, N.C.; localities SC—l, SC—lb, and SC—4,
Horry County, SC; also throughout the Miocene and
in the Recent of Gulf of Mexico region and Chesapeake
Bay.

Specimens studied—nine.

Figured specimens.—USNM 649869, 649870.

Haplocytheridea sp. afi'. H. blanpiedi (Stephenson)
Plate 1, figures 6a, b

Shell subovate to subtriangular in side View, highest
anteromedially; dorsal margin moderately convex, with
steeper anterodorsal than posterodorsal slope; ventral
margin nearly straight; anterior margin broadly
curved; posterior margin narrowly curved, strongly ex-
tended below. LV larger than RV, extending most
strongly beyond right along venter; valves moderately
convex, sloping steeply toward margins; blunt-ended in
edge View. Surface coarsely pitted; in marginal areas
pits are arranged in shallow grooves. Internal shell
characters are as described by Sandberg (1964).

Length of figured shell 0.81 mm, height 0.47 mm, con-
vexity 0.40 mm.

Relationships.—This species is similar to H. blan—
piedi (Stephenson), but that form is spinose terminally
and less coarsely pitted.

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw Formation, locality
NC—5, Brunswick County, NC.

Specimens studied—One.
F igured specimen—USNM 649871.

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

Haplocytheridea. bradyi (Stephenson)
Plate 1, figures 7a, b, 8a, b; plate 2, figure 8

Cytheridea (Haplocythem‘dea) bradyi Stephenson, 1938, Jour.
Paleontology, v. 12, p. 129, pl. 23, fig. 22; pl. 24, figs. 5, 6;
text fig. 10.

Haploeytheridea bradyi (Stephenson). Swain, 1955, Jour. Pale«
ontology, v. 29, p. 618, pl. 59, figs. 12a, b. Puri, 1960, Gulf
Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans. v. 10, p. 110, pl, 2, figs. 3, 4;
pl. 6, fig. 19; text figs. 4, 5. Sandberg, 1964, Micropaleon-
tology, V. 10, p. 362, pl. 2, figs. 7—16. Hulings and Puri, 1965,
Pub. Staz. Zool., Napoli, v. 33, Supp, 1). 321, fig. 12.

Haplocytheridea bradyi Swain, Byrne, LeRoy, and Riley, 1959,
Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans. v. 9, p. 240, pl. 4, fig.
10; pl. 5, fig. 11.

Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) wadei Stephenson, 1941, Jour.
Paleontology, v. 15, p. 428, text figs. 3, 4, 14—18.

Haplocytheridea wadci (Stephenson). Puri, 1954, Florida Geol.
Survey Bull. 36, p. 231, pl. 3, figs. 5, 6; text fig. 3g.

Haplocytheridca proboscidiala (Edwards). Benson and Coleman,
1963, Kansas Univ. Paleont. Contr., Arthropoda, Art. 2, p.
28, pl. 3, figs. 4—9; text fig. 15.

[Not] Haplocytheridea cf. H. proboscidiala (Edwards). Puri,
1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 234, pl. 2, figs. 17 , 18;
text figs. 3e f [=?Haplocytherridea subovate Ulrich and
Bassler, fide Sandberg, 1964].

Diagnosis.—Shell elongate, subtriangular to subo—
vate, dorsum strongly arched, venter slightly convex
and sinuous; anterior moderately to narrowly curved,
strongly extended below. Immature shells more un-
equally than adults. Either RV or LV the larger, over-
reaching the other dorsally more than elsewhere; valves
moderately convex, tapering from midlength toward
ends in dorsal View. Surface coarsely and deeply pitted
except for smooth marginal zone; narrow shallow dor—
somedian furrow extends obliquely toward anteroven—
tral region in dorsal one-third of valves. Reversal of
hingement as well as of valve size occurs in species.

Hinge of LV, terminal, finely transversely notched
elongate sockets and interterminal crenulate furrow;
inner lamellae narrow, small vestibule present, radial
canals few and Widely spaced along free margin; ad—
ductor scars a median group of four spots in a vertical
row and two more anterior spots, the dorsal one V-
shaped.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 1, fig. 7a) 0.73 mm,
height 0.41 mm, convexity 0.36 mm.

Oemwenee.—The species is rare in the Waccamaw
Formation, locality SC—5, Horry County, SC; locality
NC—5, Brunswick County, NC. Elsewhere it has been
recorded from the Miocene Choctawhatchee Formation
(of former usage) of Florida and Duplin Marl of North
Carolina; the Pliocene Caloosahatchee Formation of
Florida; the Pleistocene of Louisiana; the Recent of
the Gulf Coast area, of the United States and Mexico,
and from Puerto Rico.

Specimens studied—Four.

Figured speeimenS.—USNM 649872, 649873.

OSTRACODA FROM THE

Subfamily NEOCYTHERIDEINAE Puri, 1957
Genus PONTOCYTHERE Dubowsky, 1939

H cmicythcrideis Ruggieri 1952, Bologna Univ., Inst. Z001, Note
del. Lab. Biol. Marina di Fano, v. 1, p. 62.

Hulmgsma Puri, 1958, Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans, v.
8, p. 173.

Much elongated, venter straight to concave, dorsum
weakly convex, ends rounded, anterior broader, poste-
rior with flangelike extension below, surface smooth to
pitted or ventrally striate, may have median subvertical
sulcus, larger LV with anterior long hinge furrow and
subjacent “antislip bar;” intermediate long ridge and
posterior short crenulate furrow, muscle scars a median
undivided subvertical row and more anterior and more
ventral spots. Conspicuous vestibules terminally, other—
wise zone of concrescence broad; numerous, in part
complex, radial canals. Eocene to Recent.

Type species—P. tchemjawskiz' Dubowsky, Recent.

Soft parts of Hulsingsina askermam' (Ulrich and
Bassler) were found by Hulings (1966) to be like
Pontocythere.

Pontocythere cf. P. wilberti (Puri)
Plate 1, figures 9a—f; plate 2, figures 2a—c; text figures 6A, B

Oytherideis icilberti Puri, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p.
908, pl. 130, figs. 9, 10; text figs. 7, 8. Puri, 1954, Florida
Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 288, pl. 9, figs. 9, 10.

Hulmgstna wilbertt’ (Puri). Puri, 1958, Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol.
Soc. Trans. v. 8, p. 175.

Diagnosis.—Elongate-subelliptical, dorsum gently
convex, venter slightly concave; anterior rounded, ex-
tended below; posterior more narrow, extended below,
truncate above; valves moderately convex; dimorphic,
males more elongate and less convex than females. LV
larger than and extending beyond RV, especially along
dorsal slopes. Surface bears concentric grooves ante-
riorly, ventrally, and to a less extent posteriorly; re-
mainder of surface smooth or with obscure markings.
Hinge of LV with anterior long furrow; interterminal
bar and posterior shorter furrow.

Inner lamellae broadest and with vestibule anteriorly,
radial canals distributed as shown in text figure 6B;
observable adductor muscle scars are as Shown in text
figure 6A.

Length of figured mature male shell (pl. 1, fig. 9d)
0.91 mm, height 0.38 mm, convexity 0.35 mm.

Remarks—The shape and general surface ornamen-
tation are like P. toilberti, but the present specimens
are less nodose over general surface of shell than is
typical in that species. The assignment of the. species to
Pontocyflzere Dubowsky (1939) is based on Hulings’
(1966) discovery that the shell and soft parts of H ailing-
sz'na Puri (1958) and Pontoeythere are basically the
same.

WACCAMAW FORMATION D9 ‘

 

B

FIGURE 6.—Pontocythere cf. P. wilbertt (Puri). A, Interior of
left valves of female?, locality NC—S. B, Anterior part of
male ?, locality NC—2.

Occurrence—Frequent in Waccamaw Formation at
locality NC«2, Columbus County, N.C.; frequent at
locality NC—l, Columbus County, N.C.; rare at locali-
ties NC—S, Columbus County and NC—5, Brunswick
County, NC. The species is present in the Choctawhat-
chee Formation (of former usage) and the. Alum Bluff
Group of Florida (lower and middle Miocene).

Specimens studied—Six.

Figured speez’mens.—USNM 649874, 649879, 649884,
649885.
Pontocythere rug'ipustulosa (Edwards)
Plate 1, figure 10; text figure 7

Oythcm'dcis rugipustulosa Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v.
18, p. 514, pl. 86, figs. 5—7. Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey
Prof. Paper 234—A, p. 20. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey
Bull. 36, p. 287 (table 9). Malkin, 1953, J our. Paleontology, v.
27, p. 780, pl. 78, figs. 20, 22, 23. Puri, 1958, Gulf Coast Assoc.
Geol. Soc. Trans, v. 8, p. 175.

DZagnosis.—Elongate, subelliptical to subreniform,
highest anteromedially, dorsum moderately arched,
venter slightly concave; anterior rounded, slightly
extended above. Surface ornamented by rows of tiny
nodes arranged concentrically in anterior, ventral, and
posterior parts of shell, in longitudinal rows in postero-
dorsal part; oblique shallow sulcus.

 

D10

Hinge of LV anterior elongate groove socket; inter—
terminal, slightly recessed bar formed of valve edge and
posterior short groove; inner lamellae broad anteriorly,
vestibule narrow, radial canals relatively few and
widely spaced.

Length of figured specimen 0.71 mm, height 0.35 mm,
convexity of left valve 0.18 mm.

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw Formation at local—
ity SC—5, Horry County, SC. The species occurs also in
the Choctawhatchee Formation (of former usage) of
Florida and the Duplin Marl of North Carolina. The
illustrated specimen (pl. 1, fig. 10) is from the Duplin.

Specimens studied—Three. '

Figured specimen—USNM 649880.

 

FIGURE 7.—Pontocythere rugipustulosa (Edwards). Interior of
left valve; Duplin Formation, Walkers Bluff, N.C.

Pontocythere ashermani (Ulrich and Bassler)
Plate 2, figures 1a—d; plate 6, figure 4; text figure 8

Oytherideis ashermam‘ Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, Maryland Geol.
Survey, Miocene volume, p. 126, pl. 37, figs. 10—16. Howe and
others, 1935, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 13, p. 14, pl. 3,
figs. 8—10. Swain, 1948, Maryland Dept. Geology, Mines, and
Water Resources Bull. 2, p. 195, pl. 14, fig. 1. Swain, 1952,
U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234—A, p. 19. Puri, 1952, J our.
Paleontology, v. 26, p. 910, pl. 13, figs. 4—8; text figs. 1, 2.
Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 286, pl. 9, figs.
4—8. Malkin, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 778, pl. 78,
figs. 1—3.

Oythem‘deis longula Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, Maryland Geol.
Survey, Miocene volume, p. 128, pl. 37, figs. 21—27.

Oythen‘deis semicircularis Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, Maryland
Geol. Survey, Miocene volume, p. 127, pl. 37, fig. 18—20.

Hulingsina ashermani (Ulrich and Bassler). Puri, 1958, Gulf
Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans, v. 8, p. 173. Benson and
Coleman, 1963, Kansas Univ. Paleont. Contr, Arthropoda,
Art. 2, p. 30, pl. 4, figs. 1—3; text fig. 17. Pooser, 1965, Kansas
Univ. Paleont. Contr., Arthropoda, Art. 8, p. 45, pl. 6, fig.
5; pl. 8, figs. 1—3. Hulings and Puri, 1965, Pub. Staz. Zool.,
Napoli, v. 33, supp, p. 323, fig. 12A.

Pontocythere ashermam‘ (Ulrich and Bassler). Hulings, 1966,
Chesapeake Sci, v. 7, p. 51, figs. 2a—g, 6n.

Diagnosis.—Shell elongate, subtrapezoidal to sub-
lanceolate; dorsum straightened medially, forming

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALE ONTOLOGY

broadly obtuse angles with dorsal slopes; venter slightly
concave; anterior rounded, extended below; posterior
bluntly subacuminate, strongly extended below; flange
on LV. LV overreaches RV along dorsal slopes. Valves
more strongly convex in shorter and higher female
dimorphs. Surface in adult shells bears numerous large
pits in which interspaces vary from the same to twice the
diameter of pits.

Hinge of LV consists of anterior smooth short groove
supported by a bar below, interterminal bar formed of
valve edge and posterior furrow, shorter than anterior;
inner lamellae broad anteriorly, narrow elsewhere;
vestibule fairly wide, anteriorly; about 15 radial canals
anteriorly; adductor scar not seen in present specimens;
specimens from the Duplin Marl at Lumberton, N.C.,
have an-teromedian vertical row of three or four spots
and one or two more anterior spots, dorsal of which is
larger.

Length of figured female specimen (pl. 2, fig. 1a)
0.85 mm, height 0.45 mm, convexity 0.40 mm.

Remarks.——Hulings (1966) assigned the species to
Pontocythere on the basis of its appendages and shell
features.

Occurrence—Rare to common in Waccamaw Forma-
tion at localities SC—l, SC—lb, SC—S, and SC—4, Horry
County, S.C.; rare at locality NC—Q, Columbus County,
N.C.; frequent at locality NC—3; rare at locality NC—4,
Columbus County, N.C.; common at locality NC—5,
Brunswick County, N.C. Common throughout Miocene
of Atlantic Coastal Plain; has been reported living 011'
west coast of Florida (Hulings and Puri, 1965, p. 320),
but the present writer feels those specimens are too
strongly sulcate for the species; is living in Atlantic
Ocean 01f Virginia according to Hulings (1966).

Specimens studied.—Forty—eight.

Figured specimem.——USNM 649881—649883, 650009.

 

FIGURE 8,—Pontooythere ashermam‘ (Ulrich and Bassler). In-
terior of left valve; locality NC—l.

OSTRACODA FROM THE

Family GYTHERURIDAE Miiller, 1894
Genus PARACYTHERIDEA Miiller, 1894

? Vicinia Kuznetsova, 1957, in Mandelstam and others,
All Union Paleont. Soc, Annual, Moscow, v. 16, p.
183.

? Moorez‘na Harlton, 1933, Jour. Paleontology, V. 7, p.
21.

Subquadrate, pointed posteriorly, straight-hinged,
strongly alate ventrally, surface generally rugose, pos-
terior compressed, hinge weak, LV with terminal crenu—
late sockets and intervening crenulate bar, radial canals
few, zone of concrescence broad, muscle scars an antero-
median vertical row of three or four spots and more
anterior spot (s). Upper Cretaceous to Recent.

Type species.—P. depressa Muller, Recent.

Paracytheridea of. P. vandenboldi I’uri
Plate 2, figures 4a, b

Oytheropteron nodosa Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. Maryland Geol.
Survey, Miocene volume, p. 129, pl. 38, figs. 37—40 [not 0.
nodosa Brady, 1868].

Paracythem‘dea nodosa (Ulrich and Bassler). Howe and others,
1935, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 13, p. 37, pl. 3, fig. 7. van
den Bold, Contr. Study Ostracoda, 1946, p. 86, pl. 16, fig. 7.
Swain, 1952 U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234—A, p. 51,
pl. 3, figs. 19—22.

Paracythertdea vandenboldi Puri, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v.
27, p. 751. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 238,
pl. 3, fig. 7; text figs. 5a, b. Swain, 1955, Jour. Paleontology,
v. 29, p. 625, pl. 62, figs. 2a, b.

Diagnosis.——Subquadrate to subtrapezoidal, dorsum
nearly straight, venter sinuous; anterior broadly
rounded, posterior with dorsomedian caudate extension,
concave above. Valve with prominent ventral ridge, ex-
panded as an ala posteriorly; median longitudinal
ridge, anterodorsal cardinal eye node and subjacent
oblique furrow; scattered ridges anteromedially; gen-
eral surface coarsely pitted; strongly convex ventro-
medially. LV hinge with terminal crenulate sockets and
interterminal crenulate bar. Inner lamellae of moderate
width, no vestibule; radial canals few and widely
spaced; adductor scar a median row of four spots; more
anterior antenna]? spots also occur.

Length of LV figured (pl. 2, fig. 4a) 0.67 mm, height
0.33 mm, convexity of LV 0.21 mm.

Occurmnce.—Rare in Waccamaw Formation at 10—
cality NC—2, Columbus County, NC. Also occurs in
middle and upper Miocene of Atlantic Coastal Plain,
Choctawhatchee Formation (of former usage) of
Florida, Miocene of Cuba and Guatemala, and Recent
of Texas bays. '

Specimens studied—One.

F figured specimen—USNM 649887.

WACCAMAW FORMATION D1 1

Genus HEMICYTHERURA Elofson, 1941

Oytherurinw Mandelstam, 1958, m Abushik and others, Micro-
fauna USSR, v. 9, VNIGRI, Trans, no. 115, p. 285 [pro—
posed Without description or type species but with apparent
intent to include Hemicythcrm‘a cellulose (Norman)
Hornibrook, 1952].

Subtriangular, almond-shaped, LV larger, but RV
overlaps dorsally, reticulate or pitted, valves com-
pressed, posteriorly caudate, hinge merodont, zone of
concresence broad, radial canals irregularly spaced, ves-
tibule small or absent, muscle scars questionably a
median vertical undivided row of several spots and a
more anterior spot. Upper Cretaceous to Recent.

Type species.—0ythere cellulosa Norman, Recent.

Hemicytherura howei (Puri)
Plate 4, figures 5a, b; text figure 9

Kangam‘na howei Puri, 1954 Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p.
246, pl. 4, fig. 7; text figs. 6i, j.

Hemicytherura howel (Puri). Pooser, 1965, Kansas Univ.
Paleontology Contr., Arthropoda, Art. 8, p. 49, pl. 9, figs.
1—3.

Diagnosis.—Small, subtriangular to subtrapezoidal,
highest medially; dorsum strongly convex, venter
nearly straight; anterior narrowly rounded, extended
below; posterior acuminate, strongly extended above,
LV slightly larger than RV, overreaching it dorsally;
valves only moderately convex, posterior end com-
pressed; surface weakly ornamented by narrow reticu-
lating ridges. Internal features of a RV are shown in
text figure 9.

 

FIGURE 9,—Hemicytherura howei

(Purl) .
valve ; locality SC—4.

Interior of right

Length of figured specimen (pl. 4, fig. 5a) 0.40 mm,
height 0.21 mm, convexity 0.16 mm.

Remarka—The present writer agrees with Pooser
(1965, p. 49) that the shape and surface ornamentation
of this species are more typical of H emicythemm than
of Kangam’na.

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw Formation at local-
ity NC—4, Columbus County, N.‘C.; localities SC—lb,
SC—3, and SC—4, Horry County, SC. The species was
described from the Choctawhatchee Formation (of for-

 

D12

mer usage) of Florida, and occurs also in the Duplin
Marl and in the Yorktown Formation of the Atlantic
Coastal Plain.

Specimens studied—Four.

F igured specimens.—USNM 649937, 649938, 650010.

Genus CYTHERURA Sal‘s, 1868

Small subquadrate, moderately convex, LV larger,
but RV overreaches LV dorsally, posterior caudal proc-
ess, ventral low alae in some forms, flattened venter,
ribbed, reticulate, or punctate surface, hinge modified
merodont, zone of concrescense of moderate width,
radial canals few, may be paired, vestibule absent or
narrow, muscle scars an anterior median vertical undi—
vided row of four spots and additional anterior and
ventral spot(s). Cretaceous( ?), Eocene to Recent.

Type species—(7. gibba O. F. Mfiller.

Cytherura elongata Edwards
Plate 6, figures 11a—c

Oytherura elongata Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18,
p. 526, pl. 88, figs. 21—25. Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof.
Paper 234—A, p. 50, pl. 7, figs. 24, 25. Hulings and Puri, 1965,
Pub. Staz. Zool., Napoli, v. 33, supp, p. 331, fig. 15.

Diagnosis.——Subquadrate-sublanceolate in side View,
highest posteromedially, dorsum slightly sinuous,
nearly straight, venter slightly concave medially, sub—
parallel to dorsum; anterior rounded, somewhat
extended below, posterior bluntly caudate, strongly ex—
tended medially. LV slightly larger than RV, overlap-
ping most in cardinal areas; valves moderately convex;
posterior end compressed. Surface with narrow longi-
tudinal ridges between which lie transverse reticulating
ridges; longitudinal ridges converge toward ends. Male
dimorphs more elongate than female; latter have poste-
rior part of shell swollen.

Length of figured female shell (pl. 6, fig. 11b) 0.43
mm, height 0.20 mm, convexity 0.18 mm.

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw Formation at local-
ity NC—2, Columbus County, N.C.; frequent at locality
NC—l, Columbus County, N .C.; frequent at locality
SC—2, Horry County, SC. The species also occurs in the
Duplin Marl and throughout the Yorktown Formation
of North Carolina and Virginia; it has been recorded
living off the west coast of Florida.

Specimens studied—Twelve.

Figured speeimens.——USNM 649998—650000.

Cytherura forulata Edwards
Plate 5, figure 10; text figure 10

Oytherura forulata Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p.
526, pl. 88, figs. 17—20. Swain, 1952, US. Geol. Survey Prof.
Paper 234—A, p. 50. Hulings and Puri, 1965, Pub. Staz. Zool.,
Napoli, v. 33, supp, p. 329, fig. 14.

 

CONTRIBUTIONS T0 PALEONTOLOGY

Diagnosis—Shell subquadrate, dorsum and venter
nearly straight to slightly convex, anterior margin
broadly curved, posterior bluntly caudate; valves mod-
erately convex; greatest convexity ventromedian. LV
slightly larger than RV. Surface ornamented by 8—10
longitudinal ridges curved subparallel to margins dor—
sally and ventrally; numerous crossbars connect ridges;
anterodorsally is an oblique eye tubercle. Internal shell
features of a Waccamaw specimen are shown in text
figure 10.

 

FIGURE 10.—0ytherura forulata Edwards. Interior of left valve;
locality SC—3.

Length of figured specimen 0.45 mm, height 0.25 mm,
convexity 0.20 mm.

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw Formation at local—
ities SC—2, SC—3, SC—4, and SC—5, Horry County, SC.
Elsewhere the species occurs in the Duplin and through-
out the Yorktown Formation, upper Miocene of the
Middle Atlantic region; reported living off west coast
of Florida.

Specimens studied—Six.

Figured speeimem.—USNM 649978, 650011.

Cytherura cf. C. costata Miiller
Plate 4, figure 10

Oytherum costata G. W. Muller, 1894, Fauna und Flora des
Golfes von Neapel, v. 21, p. 295, pl. 8, figs. 11, 15; pl. 32, fig.
33, Swain, 1955, Jour. Paleontology, v. 29, p. 629, pl. 64, figs.
113, b.

Diagnosis—Shell elongate-lanceolate, dorsum slightly
convex, venter sinuous, concave medially; anterior
rounded, extended below; posterior margin caudate,
strongly extended ventromedially. Valves not strongly
convex, posterior caudate extension compressed. Valve
surface with about six narrow longitudinal ridges, upper
three curved subparallel to dorsal margin; median ridge
bifurcate posteriorly. Internal features not clearly seen
in present specimens; they were partially illustrated
by Miiller.

Length of figured specimen 0.42 mm, height 0.20 mm,
convexity 0.17 mm.

OSTRACODA FROM THE WACCAMAW FORMATION

Remarks—The shape, surface ribbing, and strong
posteroventral caudation suggest to the writer a simi-
larity to Muller’s (1894) Recent species.

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw Formation locality
SC—S, Horry County, SC; the species is living in the
Mediterranean and Atlantic regions, in shallow water.
In the Bay of Naples the species is associated with cal-
careous algae (Puri and others, 1964).

Specimens studied—One.

Figured specimen—USNM 649949.

Genus CYTHEROPTERON Sars, 1866

Ovate-subrhomboidal lateral outline, arched dorsum,
sinuous venter, weak to strong ventral alae; surface
smooth, pitted, reticulate, or ribbed; RV slightly larger,
overlapping along hinge margin; hinge merodont, with
well-developed crenulate interterminal bar in LV and
groove in RV; zone of concrescence moderately broad,
vestibules small or absent; radial canals few, in part
paired or irregular; adductor muscle scars an antero-
median vertical row of four undivided spots and more
anterior V—shaped' spot in which is a small subsidiary
spot. Lower Jurassic to Recent.

Type species.——0ythere Zatz'ssima Norman, Recent.

Cytheropteron yorktownensis (Malkin)
Plate 4, figures 7a—c; text figure 11

Eocytheropteron yorktownensis Malkin, 1953, Jour. Paleontol-
ogy, v. 27, p. 780, pl. 79, figs. 1—4.

Diagnosis.—Small, subovate; dorsum nearly straight
to slightly convex; venter sinuous, anterior rounded, ex-
tended below; posterior narrowly rounded, extended
above; LV larger than RV; valves strongly convex;
inflated ventrally in low alaform expansion; ala
abruptly terminated posteroventrally; median surface
with ~low, longitudinal, narrow, somewhat sinuous
ridges, and with a weakly reticulate ridgepattern. In-
ternal features of shell are shown in text figure 11.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 4, fig. 7a) 0.40 mm,
height 0.28 mm, convexity 0.23 mm.

 

FIGURE 11,—Cythempteron yorktownensis (Malkin). Interior
of left valve; Pleistocene, Longs, S.C.

266—183 0—67—3

 

D13

Remarka—Although the weak alation of this species
is more like E ocythempteron, the hingement and other
internal features as outlined by Malkin are believed by
the present writer to be closer to Oytheropteron.

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw Formation at 10-
cality NC—2, Colombus County, N.C.; and in the
Pleistocene at Longs, S.C. The species was described
from the Yorktown Formation of Virginia. It occurs
throughout the Yorktown Formation and in the Duplin
Marl, upper Miocene of the Middle Atlantic region.

Specimens studied—Four.

Figured specimens.—USNM 649940—649942.

Cytheropteron choctawhatcheensis Puri
Plate 3, figure 9
Cytheropteron choctawhatcheensis Puri, 1954, Florida Geo].
Survey Bull. 36, p. 242, pl. 5, figs. 1, 2.

DiagnosiS.——Shell elongate-subtrapezoidal in outline,
dorsum nearly straight and about three—fifths shell
length, venter slightly sinuous and subparallel to dor-
sum; anterior margin broadly rounded, slightly ex-
tended below, posterior margin narrowly rounded,
strongly extended below. Valves strongly convex, great-
est convexity ventroposterior; LV larger than RV,
overreaching along dorsal slopes. Ventral surface flat-
tened owing to alaform expansion of valves. General
surface smooth. Internal shell features not seen, and
were not described by Puri.

Length of figured specimen 0.57 mm, height 0.28 mm,
convexity 0.28 mm.

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw Formation at 10-
cality SC—lb, Horry County, SC. The species was de-
scribed from the Choctawhatchee Formation (of
former usage), upper Miocene of Florida.

Specimens studied—One.

Figured specimen.——USNM 649923.

Genus EUCYTHERURA Miiller, 1894

Small subquadrate, broader anteriorly than poster-
iorly where margin is extended above, low alae ven-
trally, surface pitted or rugose, anteromedian swelling
or node, LV slightly larger than RV; hinge merodont
but terminal teeth and sockets may or may not be cren-
ulate; inner lamellae broad, no vestibules, radial canals
few, adductor muscle scars a median vertical undivided
row of about four spots and more anterior spot(s),
Lower Cretaceous to Recent.

Type species. Uythere complema, Brady, Recent.

 

Eucytherura sp.
Plate 5, figures 1a, b

Shell small, subquadrate in Side view, highest medi-
ally; dorsal margin nearly straight except for posterior

D14

step; ventral margin gently convex; anterior margin
broadly curved, slightly extended'below; posterior mar-
gin more narrowly curved, slightly extended medially;
LV larger than RV; valves moderately convex; pos-
terior fifth of valves compressed. A ridgelike expansion
of shell along dorsum and an opposing ventral subalate
expansion terminate abruptly at posterior depressed
part of shell. Irregular depressions and short ridges
ornament surface of valve. Internal shell features not
seen. 1

Length of shell 0.41 mm, height 0.27 mm, convexity
0.21 mm.

Belatiomhips.—This form is less quadrangular and
has different surface ornamentation than E. complema
(Brady) of the upper Miocene of Trinidad (van den
Bold, 1963b) or E. weingeisti Puri from the Chocta-
whatchee Formation (of former usage) (Area facies)
of Florida (Puri, 1954). Insufficient specimens are
available for establishment of a new species.

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw Formation at lo-
cality NCV4, Columbus County, NC.

Specimens studied—One.

F figured specimen.—USNM 649954.

Family TRACHYLEBERIDIDAE Sylvester-Bradley, 1948
Genus ACTINOCYTHEREIS Puri, 1953

Subquadrate, medium size, compressed valves; dorsal,
oblique, median-longitudinal, and ventral submarginal
rows of short thick spines; terminal marginal spinose
rims, postdorsal short vertical row of spines, hinge am-
phidont, inner lamellae broad, vestibule narrow to ab-
sent, radial canals numerous terminally; adductor
muscle scar an anteromedian vertical row of four spots
and more anterior spot(s). Oligocene to Recent.

T ype species.—0ythere emanthemata Ulrich and Bas-
sler, Miocene.

Actinocythereis exanthemata (Ulrich and Bassler)
Plate 2, figures 5a—f ; text figure 12

Uytherc ewanthcmata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, Maryland Geol.
Survey, Miocene volume, p. 117, pl. 36, figs. 1—5.

Iytheret‘s cmmthemwta (Ulrich and Bassler). Van den Bold,
1946, Contr. Study Ostracoda, Amsterdam, 1). 88, fig. 2.
Trachylcbcris cmanthcmata (Ulrich and Bassler). Swain, 1948,
Maryland Dept. Geology, Mines, and Water Resources Bull.
2, pl. 12, figs. 14, 15. Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof.

Paper 234—A, p. 37, pl. 6, fig. 5.

Actinocythercis cwanthcmata (Ulrich and Bassler). Puri, 1953,
Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 49, p. 179, ‘pl. 2, figs. 4-8; text
figs. e, f. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 252, pl.
13, figs. 6—13. Hulings and Puri, 1965, Pub. Staz. Z001.,
Napoli, v. 33, supp, p. 329, fig. 14.

Diagnosis.—Subquadrate, straight dorsum modified
by five to six projecting nodes and high anterior cardi—
nal projection; venter slightly concave medially; an-

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALE ONTOLOGY

terior broadly curved, somewhat extended below,
truncate above, spinose; posterior narrower, but also
broadly curved to subtruncate, spinose. Rim extends
around free margins; rim spinose ventrally and in some
specimens terminally; dorsum with row of spines con- '
verging posteriorly toward dorsum; ventro—posterior
border of valves compressed; vertical short eleatlike
row of spines posterodorsally. Internal features not
seen in present specimens but a specimen from the York-
town Formation near Tar Ferry Landing, Hertford
County, N.C., had the following: hinge of LV consists
of an anterior rounded deep socket, posterojacent small
tooth, interterminal bar formed of valve edge, slightly
serrate, and a posterior rounded socket; inner lamellae
fairly broad, vestibule narrow to absent; radial canals
numerous and closely spaced terminally; adductor scar
an anteromedian vertical row of four elongate spots and
one or two more anterior spots.

Length of figured male LV (pl. 2, fig. 5f) 0.90 mm,
height 0.45 mm, convexity 0.41 mm.

Remarks.——The range of features that characterize
this species are in need of detailed study. The writer
believes that the subspecies gomillimensis Howe and
Ellis (Howe and others, 1935) and marylandica Howe
and Hough (Howe and others, 1935) may be immature
molts and (or) ecologic variants of emanthemata. Until
these uncertainties are resolved it is believed preferable
to assign the Waccamaw specimens to ewtmtheinata.

Occurrence—Common in the Waccamaw Formation
at locality NC—5, Brunswick County, N.C.; at localities
NC—l, and NC—3, Columbus County, N.C.; localities
SC—l, SC—3, and SC—5, Horry County, SC. Malkin
(1953) recorded it from the Calvert and Choptank
Formations, middle Miocene, and stated that A. ea:-
omthemata gomillionensis is characteristic of the York-
town Formation, upper Miocene. Edwards (1944)
found that subspecies in the Duplin Marl, upper Mio—
cene. The present writer (Swain, 1952) recorded A.
eacamthemata from the subsurface upper Miocene. The
species apparently ranges throughout the Miocene and

 

FIGURE 12.—Actinocythcrcis cwanthcmata (Ulrich and Bassler).
Interior of right valve; locality SC—3.

OSTRACODA FROM THE WACCAMAW FORMATION

into the Pliocene of the Middle Atlantic region. Puri
(1954) recorded it throughout the Miocene of the
Florida panhandle.

Specimens studied—Fourteen.

Figured 8pecime7b8.—USNM 649889—649894, 650012.

Genus ECHINOCYTHEREIS Puri, 1954

Subovate, medium to large, LV larger than RV; shell
inflated, spinose or tuberculate and pitted, has eye
tubercle, ends compressed, hinge amphidont, inner
lamellae of moderate width, radial canals numerous,
vestibule narrow or absent, adductor muscle scar a
median vertical row of four spots and additional more
anterior spots. Paleocene( ?), Eocene to Recent.

Type speeies.—0ythereis gawettz' Howe and Mc—
Guirt, Miocene.

Echinocythereis garretti (Howe and McGuirt)
Plate 4, figure 12; text figure 13

Oythereis garretti Howe and McGuirt, 1935, Florida Geol. Sur-
vey Bull. 13, p. 20, pl. 3, figs. 17—19; pl. 4, figs. 5, 15.

Buntom‘a? cf. B.? garretti (Howe and McGuirt). Swain, 1952,
US. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234—A, p. 39, pl. 3, fig. 6; pl.
4, figs. 4—6.

Echinocythereis garretti (Howe and McGuirt). Puri, 1954,
Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 260, pl. 12, figs. 2—5; text
figs. 9a, b.

Diagnosis—Shell subquadrate in side View, dorsum
nearly straight to sinuous, about two-thirds of shell
length; venter nearly straight, slightly convex; terminal
margins broadly rounded, the posterior narrower than
anterior and coarsely spinose. LV larger than RV;
moderately convex, most convex posterior in position.
Anterior marginal zone with three subparallel con-
centric rows of pustules; general surface densely pustu-
lose; anterodorsal eye tubercle projects slightly beyond
dorsal margin. Internal features are as shown in text
figure 13.

Length of figured specimen 0.83 mm, height 0.55 mm,
convexity 0.50 mm.

 

FIGURE 13.—Echinocythereis garrem‘ (Howe and McGuirt).
Interior of right valve; locality SC—2.

 

D15

Occurrence—Waccamaw Formation, locality SC—2;
elsewhere the species occurs in the upper Miocene Choc-
tawatchee Formation (of former usage) of Florida
and from the middle and upper Miocene, subsurface of
Florida.

Specimens studied—Two.

F igured specimens—USNM 649951, 650013.

Genus CLETOCYTHEREIS Swain, 1963

Subquadrate, medium size, dimorphic; males more
elongate than females and with posteroventral flange-
like extension; surface reticulate, anteromedian swell-
ing, posterodorsal subvertical cleatlike row of spines;
longitudinal rows of spines dorsally and ventrally and
perhaps medially, terminal spinose rims, hinge modified
amphidont, inner lamellae of moderate width, line of
concrescence irregular owing to funnel-shaped internal
openings of canals, adductor muscle scar a median ver-
tical row of three or four undivided spots and more
anterior spots, diductor scar present. Miocene( ?), Pleis-
tocene to Recent.

Type speez'es.—0ythere
Recent.

rastromargz’nata Brady,

Cletocythereis? mundorfii (Swain)
Plate 2, figure 6

Traehylebcm's mundon‘fi Swain, 1952, US. Geol. Survey Prof.
Paper 234—A, p. 36, pl. 5, fig. 19; pl. 6, fig. 4.

Diagn08i8.—Shell subquadrate, highest near anterior
end, dorsum and venter nearly straight, converging pos-
teriorly; anterior broadly curved, extended below,
spinose; posterior narrower, but With broad curvature,
coarsely spinose; anterior with submarginal narrow
ridge that passes below into a series of spines; dorsal
margin with spinose ridge that projects beyond valve
margin; anterior end of which is an enlarged node;
posterior end of dorsal ridge with ventrally extending
short ridge; medially is an oblique peculiarly “pulled—
looking” longitudinal ridge from which extend short
spines; median low nodelike swelling; ventrally is an
oblique row of spines or spinose ridge; ventroposterior
marginal area of valves compressed. Internal structures
described by Swain (1952).

Length of figured specimen 0.70 mm, height 0.40 mm,
convexity 0.31 mm.

Remarks—The posterodorsal subvertical short ridge,
median nodelike swelling, longitudinal ridges, and
flangelike posteroventral spinose marginal extension
ally this species with Uletoeythereis rather than with
Trachylebem's Brady, which is more generally spinose,
or with Aetinoeythereés Puri which has similar rows of
spines but lacks the median swelling of Oletoeythereis.

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw Formation at 10-
cality NC—5, Brunswick County, N.C.; previously re—

D16

corded from the middle and upper Miocene from wells
in North Carolina. According to Malkin, 0. mundorfii
(1953, p. 792) is equivalent to Actinoeythereis eman-
themata gomillionensis (Howe and Ellis), but that
form is smaller and has longitudinal rows of spines
rather than nodose ridges as in mnndorfii. The specimen
illustrated as gomillionensz's by Malkin (1953, pl. 81,
figs. 15, 17, 18) may represent mundorfli.

Specimens candied—One.

Figured specimen.—USNM 649895.

Genus NEO‘GAUDITES Puri, 1960

Subquadrate—subelliptical, compressed and thin-
shelled, free margins with rim, terminal spines, dorsal
and ventral submarginal ridges, median oblique ridge,
eye tubercle, surface smooth or pitted, hinge holamphi-
dont, inner lamellae broad, radial canals numerous, ad-
ductor muscle scars a median vertical row of three spots
and two more anterior antenna] spots. Miocene to
Recent.

Type species—N. nem'aniz' Puri, Recent.

Neocaudites triplistriata (Edwards)
Plate 3, figures la—d, text figure 14

Cythereis triplistriata Edwards, 1944, J our. Paleontology, v. 18,
p. 522, pl. 87, figs. 24—26.

Trachylebem‘s? cf. T?.tm’plistm‘ata Edwards. Swain, 1952, U.-S.
Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234—A, p. 37, pl. 6, figs. 2, 3.

Rectotrachylebem‘s cf. R. triplistm'cta (Edwards). Puri, 1954,
Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 264, pl. 11, figs. 1, 2.

Neocaudites triplistm’ata (Edwards). Van den Bold, 1963b,
Micropaleontology, v. 9, p. 389, pl. 8, fig. 4.

Diagnosis.—Subquadrate, highest anteriorly, dor-
sum slightly sinuous, venter nearly straight, slightly
concave medially; anterior broadly curved, fringed
with thick spines, slightly truncate above; posterior
narrower, truncate above, spinose below; terminal sub-
marginal elevated smooth rims; dorsal and ventral sub—
marginal narrow rims; anterodorsal eye tubercle;
oblique median longitudinal broad ridge extends from
posterodorsal to anteroventral marginal areas; general
surface smooth or pitted. LV slightly larger than RV;
valves strongly compressed. Internal features of a RV
are as shown in text figure 14.

Length of figured shell (pl. 3, fig. 1a) 0.68 mm, height
0.35 mm, convexity 0.21 mm.

Remarka—Rectotmehyleben's was placed in syn-
onymy with 008W Neviani by Howe (in Moore and
others, 1961), but. that genus is characterized by a
median ridge that bends ventrally at the posterior end.
Bold (1963b, p. 389) placed the species in Neocaudz'tes.
The present writer believes his specimens from the
North Carolina subsurface (1952, p. 37) are this species,
but Vanden Bold disagrees (1963b, p. 389). The status
of tniplistm’ata remains somewhat in doubt.

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALE ONTOLOGY

 

FIGURE 14.—Neocaudites triplistriata (Edwards). Interior of
right valve; locality NC—l.

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw Formation at
localities SC—2 and SC—4, Horry County, SC; locality
NC—4, Columbus County, N.C.; frequent at localities
NC—l and NC—3, Columbus County, N.C.; rare at 10-
cality NC—5, Brunswick County, NC. The species was
previously recorded from the Duplin Marl of North
Carolina, the middle part of the Yorktown Formation
of Virginia, and from the Choctawatchee Formation (of
former usage) of Florida, upper Miocene.

Specim ens studied—Fourteen.

F igwed specimens.~—USNM 649898, 649899.

Genus MUELLERINA Bassiouni, 1965

Subquadrate, small to medium size, marginal rims,
ocular and anteromedian tubercles, reticulate surface
pattern of ridges, hinge amphidont, inner lamellae
rather broad, vestibule narrow or absent, radial canals
few to numerous anteriorly, adductor muscle scars an
anteromedian divided row of 4 spots and 1—3 anteroad-
jacent spots together with a more anterior spot(s).
Miocene to Pliocene.

Type 8 p e e i e s . — Oythere lattimcrginata, ‘Speyer,
Oligocene.

Muellerina lienenklausi (Ulrich and Bassler)
Plate 3, figures 2a—h, 3a—b, 4a—b; text figure 15

Cythere licnenklausi Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, Maryland Geol.
iSurvey, Miocene volume, I). 112, pl. 36, figs. 11—15.

Oythere micurla Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, Maryland Geol. Sur—
vey, Miocene volume, p. 116, pl. 36, figs. 18—20.

Trachylebem‘s? martini: (Urich and Bassler). Swain, 1952, US.
Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234—A, p. 29, pl. 3, figs. 8, 15.

Trachyleberis martini (Ulrich and Bassler). Malkin, 1953, J our.
Paleontology, v. 27, p. 793, pl. 82, figs. 6—13.

Trachylebc'ris? cf. T.? micula (Ulrich and Bassler). Swain,
1952, US. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234—A, p. 29, text fig. 31.

Mnrrayina martini (Ulrich and Bassler). Puri, 1954, Florida
Geol. Survey, Bull. 36,’ p. 256, pl. 12, figs. 11—13; text figs.
8e, f. McLean, 1957, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 38, no. 167,
pl. 11, figs. laic, 2a, b, 3a—d. Pooser, 1965, Kansas Univ.
Paleont. Contr., Arthropoda, Art. 8, p. 60, pl. 21, figs. 3, 5, 8.

Mnellem‘nc lienenlclausi (Ulrich and Bassler). Hazel, 1967,
US. "Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 564, p. 21, pl. 3, figs. 3—6, 11;
pl. 7, figs. 1, 4, 5, 7.

OSTRACODA FROM THE

Diagnosis.—Subquadrate, highest one—fourth from
anterior end; dorsum sinuous, high anterocardinal
projection, venter nearly straight to slightly concave
medially, converging posteriorly with dorsum; anterior
broadly curved, spinose below; posterior narrower,
rounded, and finely spinose below, truncate or concave
above. LV the larger, overreaching at cardinal angles.
Free margins with. narrow elevated rim and adjacent
furrow or inner rib; surface coarsely reticulate, pits
elongated longitudinally; low anteromedian swelling
and faint posterojacent furrow; slightly elevated ridge
extends sinuously from posterocardinal angle, obliquely
forward and venterad; a second shorter ridge subjacent
to first in posterior half; small anterocardinal eye tuber—
cles. RV hinge with anterior ovate, coarsely crenulate
tooth, postjacent small socket, narrow, finely crenulate
interterminal groove, anteromedian “anti-slip” projec—
tion, posterior elongate tooth. Line of concrescence and
inner margin nearly coincide, inner lamellae rather
broad; about 30 radial canals anteriorly, less numerous
elsewhere. Muscle scar consists of a median crescentic
row of four spots, a slightly more anterior set of one to
three spots, varying with the specimen, and a more an—
terior set of two spots opposite dorsal end of other
groups and additional more ventral spot or spots.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 3, fig. 3b) 0.68 mm,
height 0.36 mm, convexity 0.35 mm.

Remarka—The species is variable in the strength of
surface ornamental features, ranging from nearly
smooth to deeply reticulate. The details of internal
structure, especially the Width of the zone of concres—
cence and the muscle scar pattern are also variable.

Occurrence—Rare to common in all samples of Wac—
camaw Formation studied. The species has been re-
corded previously throughout the Miocene of the Middle
Atlantic region from the upper Miocene Choctawhat—

 

 

FIGURE 15.—Muellerina lienenklausi (Ulrich and Bassler). In-
terior of lectt valve ; locality NC—5.

WACCAMAW FORMATION D17

chee Formation (of former usage) of Florida, and from
the Recent.

Specimens studied.——Sixty-nine.
F igured speez'mens.—USNM 649900—649913.

Genus MURRAYINA Puri, 1953
Type 8pecie8.—M. howei Puri, Miocene.

Murrayina? sp.
Plate 3, figures 5a, b

Shell elongate-subelliptical in side View, highest near
anterior end; dorsal margin slightly convex, straight—
ened posteromedially; ventral margin concave medi—
ally; anterior margin broadly curved, extended
medially. LV slightly larger than RV, overreaching
RV ventrally and anterodorsally, valves moderately
convex, greatest convexity posteromedian; posterior
marginal zone compressed.

General surface of valves with elongate pits and in-
tervening discontinuous ridges; these features are more
or less concentrically arranged in marginal zone of shell
and longitudinally arranged in midpart; a smoothed
rounded patch slightly anteromedian in position.

Hinge not clearly seen but apparently consists in RV
of anterior tooth and posterojacent socket, interterminal
groove and posterior tooth; inner lamellae of moderate
width, radial canals numerous and closely spaced; ad-
ductor scar a median vertical row of three or four
spots and one or two more anterior spots. '

Length of shell 0.80 mm, height 0.36 mm, convexity
0.37 mm.

Remarka—This form is similar to Bensonoeythere
whitei (Swain) from the subsurface Miocene of North
Carolina, but the surface pits in that species are not
elongated, there are more distinct marginal ridges than
in the present forms, and the muscle scar pattern is not
typical of that genus in that the main adductor scars ap-
pear to be undivided.

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw formation at local-
ity NC—l, Columbus County, NC.

Specimens studied—One.

F figured speeinwn.—USNM 49914.

Genus OCOULTOCYTHEREIS Howe, 1951

Elongate-subquadrate, small, compressed, eye tuber—
cle, anteromedian node, anterior spinose rim, pointed
posterior end; surface smooth or with rugose ridges,
amphidont hinge, broad inner limellae, no vestibule,
branching radial canals, adductor muscle scar an un-
divided anteromedian row of four spots and a more an-
terior V—shaped spot. Upper Cretaceous( ?), Paleocene
to Recent.

T ype speeies.—0. delumbata Howe, Eocene.

 

D18

Occultocythereis sp.
Plate 5, figure 2

Shell small, elongate—subquadrate in lateral View,
highest one—fourth from anterior end; dorsal margin
nearly straight, cardinal angles broadly obtuse; ventral
margin nearly straight, converging slightly toward dor—
sum posteriorly; anterior margin broadly curved, some-
what extended below; posterior margin narrowly
curved, strongly extended above. Valves subequal, com-
pressed; LV slightly larger than an overreaching RV.

Surface with a median longitudinal narrow groove,
dorsal to which are three or four short subvertical
ridges extending toward dorsal margin, and a dorso—
adjacent irregular longitudinal ridge; variously sized
pits ornament general surface. Internal shell structure
not seen.

Length of figured specimen 0.35 mm, height 0.29 mm,
convexity 0.13 mm.

Remarka—This species is similar to Lep‘tocythere
cranekeg/emis Puri (1954) in size, general form, and
surface ornamentation but is less concave ventrally and.
has a different pattern of surface ridges from that
species.

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw Formation, locality
NC—l, Columbus County, N.C.

Specimens studied—One.

Figured specimen.—USNM 649955.

Genus PURIANA Coryell and Fields, 1953

Favella Ooryell and Fields, 1937, Am. Mus. Novitates, no. 956,
p. 8 (not Jfirgensen, 1925).

Subquadrate, medium size, spinose anterior marginal
rim, eye tubercle; posterior end compressed, coarsely
spinose, anteromedian tubercle, rugose ridges on surface,
amphidont hinge, crenulate median element, inner la—
mellae fairly broad, vestibule well developed or nearly
absent, radial canals moderate in number, line of con—
crescence smooth or scalloped owing to funnel-shaped
inner terminations of pore canals; adducto‘r muscle scar
a median row of spots and more anterior spot(s) , one of
which typically V—shaped. Oligocene to Recent.

Type species.—Favella paella Coryell and Fields,
Miocene.

Puriana. rugipunctata (Ulrich and Bassler)
Plate 5, figures 8a—c ; plate 7, figure 4; text figures 16, 17

Oythere rugipunctata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, Maryland Geol.
Survey, Miocene volume, p. 118, pl. 38, figs. 16, 17.

Oythereis rugipunctata (Ulrich and Bassler). Howe and others,
1935, Florida Dept. Conserv. Geol. Bull. 13, p. 23, pl. 1, figs.
18, 20—22; pl. 4, figs. 22, 23.

Favella rugipunctata (Ulrich and Bassler). Edwards, 1944, Jour.
Paleontology, v. 18, p. 524, pl. 88, figs. 5, 6. van den Bold,
1946, Contr. Study Ostracoda, Amsterdam, p. 100, pl. 10,

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALE ONTOLOGY

fig. 3. van den Bold 1950, Jour. Paleontology, v. 24, p. 86.
Malkin, 1953, J our. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 797, pl. 83, fig. 24.

Trachyleberis? rugimmctata (Ulrich and Bassler). Swain, 1952,
U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234—A, p. 38, pl. 6, fig. 8.

Puricma rugipunotata (Ulrich and Bassler). Puri, 1953, Jour.
Paleontology, v. 27, p. 751. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey
Bull. 36, p. 257, pl. 12, figs. 16, 19, text fig. 8h. McLean, 1957,
Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 38, no. 167, p. 89, pl. 11, figs.
5a—d. Brown, 1958, North Carolina Dept. Oonserv. and
Devel. Bull. 72, p. 63, pl. 4, fig. 10. Pooser, 1965, Kansas Univ.
Paleont. Contr., Arthropods, Art. 8, p. 61, pl. 17, figs. 4—7,
9. Hulings and Puri, 1965, Pub. Staz. Zool, v. 33, supp., p.
321, fig. 12.

Diagnosis.—Subquadrate, medium-sized, highest one-
fourth from anterior end; dorsum sinuous, anterior
cardinal angle more obtuse than posterior; venter
slightly concave; anterior broadly curved, extended and
sparsely spinose below; posterior extended and coarsely
spinose below, notched above and with triangular ridge-
like extension near posterior cardinal angle. Moderately
convex, LV slightly larger. Surface with broad anterior
submarginal rim, narrow marginal rim along free
border; large anteromedian node; anterodorsal eye
tubercle, slightly oblique dorsoventrally elongate nodes
or short ridges, closely spaced, posterior to median node;
posterior end compressed, submarginal ventral longi-
tudinal ridge.

RV hinge an anterior high-pointed tooth, postero-
j acent deep oval socket, interterminal narrow groove and
posterior large rounded, slightly crenulate tooth; other
internal features are as shown in text figure 16.

 

FIGURE 16.—Puriana rugipunctata (Ulrich and Bassler). In-
terior of left valve; locality NC—l.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 5, fig. 8a) 0.60 mm,
height 0.35 mm, convexity 0.33 mm.

Occurrence—The species is rare to common at nearly
all localities 0f VVaccamaw Formation studied. It also
occurs in the Yorktown Formation of the Middle Atlan—
tic region, more commonly in the upper than in the
lower part; in the Duplin Marl of North Carolina; in
the Alum Bluff Group and the Choctawhatchee Forma—
tion (of former usage) of Florida; in the Miocene 0f

OSTRACODA FROM THE WACCAMAW FORMATION

Cuba, Guatemala, and British Honduras; and lives off
the west coast of Florida.

Specimens studied.—Fifty-eight.

Figumed specimens—USNM 649973—649975, 650014.

 

FIGURE 17.—Puriana rugipunctata (Ulrich and Bassler). In-
terior of immature left valve; locality SC—3.

I’uriana mesicostalis (Edwards)
Plate 4, figure 13; plate 5, figure 13

Favclla mesicostalis Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18,
n0. 6, p. 524, pl. 88, figs. 1—4.

Diagnosis—Shell elongate—subquadrate; dorsal and
ventral margins subparallel, venter slightly concave
medially; anterior margin broadly rounded, slightly
extended below; posterior margin truncate, bearing
three to four short spines below; concave above; valves
subequal, moderately convex, greatest convexity in
posterior third.

Anterior marginal zone with narrow submarginal
ridge, anterior two-thirds of venter with similar but
disconnected submarginal ridge, a narrow vertical
ridge extending downward from posterocardinal mar-
gin; anteromedian node consists of a cluster of small
curved ridges; a short ridge extends anteriorly from
node and a long median ridge extends posteriorly from
it; several short subvertical ridges extend from dorsal
margin, and a series of small grooves and short ridges
lie ventral of median longitudinal ridge. Internal fea-
tures not seen in specimens at hand.

Length of figured specimen 0.71 mm, height 0.35
mm, convexity 0.33 mm.

Remarks.—P. mesicostalz’s differs from P. rugipunc-
mm in having much weaker posteromedian transverse
ridges than typical rugipunctata and in having a median
longitudinal ridge that is absent in that species.

Occurrence—The species was originally described
from the Duplin Marl, upper Miocene, at Lumberton,
N .C.; in the present Waccamaw collection it occurs at
locality SC—l, Horry County, SC.

Specimens studied—Three.

Figured specimen..—USNM 649981.

 

D19

Family BRACHYCYTHERIDAE Puri, 1954
Genus PTERYGOCYTHEREIS Blake, 1933

Fimbm‘a Neviani, 1928, Pontificia Acad. delle Sci, Rome Mém.
Sec. 2, v. 11, p. 72 [not Bohadsch, 1761, nor Megerle, 1811,
nor Risso, 1826, nor Cobb, 1894, nor Belon, 1896].

Ptem‘gocythcreis Bold, 1946, Contr. to study of Ostracoda, Am'
sterdam, J. H. De Bussy, p. 29 (error).

Subquadrate, smooth to strongly spinose marginally,
venter with pronounced alar expansion, posterior com-
pressed, spinose, and extended below, truncate or con-
cave above, surface smooth, reticulate tuberculate or
spinose; hinge amphidont, in some species with crenulate
median element; inner lamellae of narrow to medium
width, radial canals moderate in number, vestibule nar-
row to absent; adductor muscle scars a median vertical
row of four spots the middle two larger and an anterior
V-shaped spot plus other spot(s). Upper Cretaceous( ?)
to Recent.

Type species.—0ythereis jonesz'i Baird, Recent.

Digmopteron Hill and Alatacythere Murray and Hus—
sey are also placed in synonymy with Pterygoeythereis
by van Morkhoven (1963, p. 215), but Howe (in Moore
and others, 1961, p. 260—263) considers them to be dis-
tinct genera on basis of hinge structure.

Pterygocythereis sp. afi'. P. americana (Ulrich and Bassler)
Plate 2, figures 7a—d; text figure 18

?Pterygoicythereis sp. aft. P. amcricana (Ulrich and Bassler).
Benson and Coleman, 1963, Kansas Univ. Paleont. Contr.,
Arthropoda, Art. 2, p. 22, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3.

Diagnosis—Shell subquadrate to subtrapezoidal, dor—
sum nearly straight, venter sinuous, converging posteri-
orly with dorsum, obtuse cardinal angles, anterior
broadly curved, extended and coarsely spinose below;
posterior narrow, extended medially, coarsely spinose
below, truncate to slightly concave above, dorsum with
narrow rim and expanded anterior eye tubercle. Venter
strongly convex, flattened, with submarginal alaform
ridge, highest posteriorly; posterior fifth of shell com-

 

FIGURE 18.—Ptcrygocythereis sp_ aff. P. americana (Ulrich and
Bassler). Interior of imperfect left valve; locality NC—2.

D20

pressed; venter with marginal ridge. Internal shell
structures not seen in present specimens.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 2, fig. 7a) 0.86 mm,
height 0.46 mm, convexity 0.48 mm.

Remarks—This form is similar to the uncrested spec-
imens described by Benson and Coleman (1963, p. 22)
now living off the Florida coast, except that the Recent
specimens have longer alar spines.

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw Formation, locality
NC—2, Columbus County, NC. A similar species has
been recorded living in the eastern Gulf of Mexico.

Specimens studied—Three.

F igriired Specimen.—USNM 649806.

Family BYTHOGYTHERIDAE Sars, 1926
Genus JONESIA Brady, 1866

Macroeythere Sars, 1926, An account of the Crustacea of Nor-
way, Bergen Mus., pts 18 and 19, p. 240 (obj. syn. of Jonesia
as they both have the same type species).

Luvula Coryell and Fields, 1937, Am. Mus. Novitates, no. 956,
p. 13.

Macrocytherina Coryell and Fields, 1937, Am. Mus. Novitates,
no. 956, p. 16.

Elongate-lanceolate, anterior rounded, posterior
acuminate, compressed; valves in general compressed,
smooth; hinge lophodont to nearly adont; inner lamellae
broad anteriorly, zone of concrescence narrow; adductor
muscle scar an anteromedian obliquely subvertical row
of several spots. Miocene to Recent.

Type species.—0ythere simplex Norman, Recent.

Jonesia howei (Puri)
Plate 4, figure 11

Luvula howei Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 239,
pl. 15, fig. 11 ; text fig. 13b.

Diagnosis—Shell elongate-sublanceolate; dorsal and
ventral margins gently convex; anterior margin
rounded, posterior margin acuminate, extended medi-
ally. LV slightly larger than RV; valves rather com—
pressed; most convex posteromedially; posterior cau—
date area compressed; anterior narrow marginal area
compressed; median small node with postjacent pit.
General surface smooth. Internal features of shell not
seen.

Length of figured specimen 0.42 mm, height 0.18 mm,
convexity 0.15 mm.

Bemarks.—Because of the similarity in external and
in known internal shell features of J onesia and Luvula
Puri, the present writer follows Moore and others (1961,
p. 268) in placing the latter genus in synonymy.

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw Formation, locality
_SC—1b, Horry County, S.C.; elsewhere the species
occurs in the Choctawatchee Formation (of former

 

CONTRIBUTIONS T0 PALE ONTOLO GY

usage) of Florida and the middle part of the Yorktown
Formation of Virginia.

Specimens studied—One.
Figured speeimen.——USNM 649950.

Family CYTHERETTIDAE Triebel, 1952
Genus CYTHERETTA Miller, 1894

Pseudocytheretta Cushman, 1906, Boston Soc. Nat. History
Proc., v. 32, p. 382.

Cylindrus Neviani, 1928, Pontificia Acad. delle Sci, Rome
Mém., Sec. 2, v. 11, p. 72, 106 [not Deshayes, 1824, nor
Fitinger, 1833, nor Herrmannsenn 1852].

Prionocythcretta Mehes, 1941, Geol. Hungarica, Ser. Paleont.,
pt. 16, p. 60.

Subquadrate, ends rounded, valves strongly convex,
LV larger and higher than RV, surface pitted, ridged,
reticulate or nearly smooth, hinge holamphidont with
large teeth and sockets; inner lamellae broad, especially
ventrally, no vestibule; radial canals numerous, long
and sinuous, irregularly spaced, in part branching and
with bulbous expansions; adductor muscle scars an
anteromedian vertical row of four spots and a more
anterior crescentic or V-shaped spot. Eocene to Recent.

T gpe species—0. rubra Miiller, Recent.

Cytheretta cf. 0. calhounensis Smith
Plate 6, figure 14

Cytheretta calhounensis Smith, 1941, Am. Assoc. Petroleum
Geologists Bu11., v. 25‘, p. 283, pl. 1, figs. 12, 13; pl. 3, figs. 2,
15. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 283, pl. 7,
figs. 8, 9.

Diagnosis—Elongate-subquadrate; dorsal and ven-
tral margins nearly straight and about three-fourths of
shell length; terminal margins broadly curved, anterior
slightly extended below, posterior slightly extended
above. LV larger than RV, extending beyond it ven-
trally and in cardinal areas. Valves moderately convex;
greatest convexity posteromedian. Median two-thirds
of valve surfaces bear rather broad low longitudinal
ridges, in part bifurcate; closely spaced. Internal shell
features not observed.

Length of figured specimen 1.20 mm, height 0.58 mm,
convexity 0.55 mm.

Occurrence—Locality SC—5, Horry County, S.C.;
previously described only from the Miocene Chipola
Formation of Florida. The specimen illustrated is
weathered in appearance and may have been reworked.

Specimens studied—One.

Figured speeimen.——USNM 649503.

Family HEMICYTHERIDAE Puri, 1953
Genus ORIONINA Puri, 1953

Subquadrate, anterior rounded, posterior extended
below, truncate or concave above, surface more or less

0STRACODA FROM THE

strongly reticulate, typically with one or more oblique
longitudinal ridges, eye tubercle, spinose anterior mar—
ginal rim, hinge holamphidont, inner lamellae moder-
ately broad, vestibule may or may not occur, line of
concrescence straight to highly sinuous, radial canals
numerous; on interior surface rounded pillarlike shell
growths may occur anteriorly both in zone of con—
crescence and beyond edge of inner margin; adductor
muscle scar a vertical row of four spots anteriorly from
middle two of which two more spots are split off and
additional more anterior spots. Miocene to Recent.

T ype species.——0ythere ocmgham' Ulrich and Bassler,
Miocene.

Jugosoeythereis Puri has been placed in synonymy
with Oriom'na by Sylvester-Bradley (in Moore and
others, 1961, p. 339) but the type of Jugosoeythereie,
Uythereis bicam'nata Swain has entirely different shell
features in the present writer’s opinion.

Orionina vaughani (Ulrich and Bassler)
Plate 4, figures 4a—e; text figure 19

Oytherc vaugham‘ (Ulrich and Bassler), 1904, Maryland Geol.
Survey, Miocene volume, p. 109, pl. 38, figs. 25—27.

Cythereis vaugham‘ (Ulrich and Bassler) Howe and others,
1935, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 13, p. 25, pl. 3, figs. 24, 25;
pl. 4, fig. 13. Coryell and Fields, 1937, Am. Mus. Novitates,
no. 956, p. 9, fig. 10a. Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v.
18, p. 522, pl. 87, figs. 27, 28. van den Bold, 1946, Contr.
Study Ostracoda, p. 88, pl. 10, fig. 1. van den Bold, 1950,
J our. Paleontology, v. 20, p. 83.

Trachyleberis oaugham (Ulrich and Bassler). Swain, 1952,
US. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234—A, p. 37, pl. 6, figs. 6, 7.
Mialkin, 1953, J our. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 794, pl. 82, fig. 14.

Oriom‘na oaugham‘ (Ulrich and Bassler). Puri, 1954, Florida
Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 254, pl. 12, figs. 15, 16; text figs.
8a—c. McLean, 1957, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 38, no. 167,
p. 88, pl. 11, figs. 6a, b. van den Bold, 1963a, Jour. Paleon-
tology, v. 37, p. 44, pl. 4, figs. 1—6; text fig. 5, 6—8. van den
Bold, 1963b, Micropaleontology, v. 9, p. 386, pl. 6, fig. 7.

Diagnosis.—Subquadrate, highest anteriorly, dor-

sum nearly straight, venter slightly concave medially,
anterior broadly curved, extended below; posterior
narrower, strongly extended, rounded and coarsely
spinose below, concave above; LV slightly larger than
RV, valves compressed; free margins with narrow rim;
three principal longitudinal ridges, the ventral bifur—
cate and double anteriorly; anterodorsal short subverti-
cal ridge containing eye tubercle; two posterior short
subvertical ridges at ends of longitudinal ridges; gen-
eral surface with deep pits and intervening short
ridges; anterior valve margins finely spinose; venter
flattened by expansion of ventral ridge and with nar-
row submarginal ridges.

Hinge of RV with anterior rounded tooth, postero-
jacent socket, interterminal crenulate groove and pos-
terior notched tooth; inner lame]lae of moderate width,

266—183 0—67————4

WACCAMAW FORMATION D21

anteriorly, with three to four rounded pillars near inner
margin; radial canals numerous and closely spaced;
muscle scar with vertical row of four spots; two more
spots split off from middle two, and additional two or
three more anterior antennal spots.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 4, fig. 4a) 0.70 mm,
height 0.39 mm, convexity 0.33 mm.

Occurrence—Frequent to common in VVaccamaw
Formation at localities SC—Q, SCI—3, and SC—4, Horry
County, S.C.; rare at locality NC—l, Columbus County,
N.C.; frequent at locality NC—3, Columbus County,
NC. The species occurs widely in the Yorktown Forma—
tion of the middle Atlantic Coastal Plain, the Duplin
Marl of North Carolina, and the Choctawhatchee For-
mation (of former usage) of Florida, upper Miocene.

Specimens studied—Thirty-five.

Figured specimens.—USNM 649932—649936.

 

FIGURE 19.—0riom'mz vaugham‘ (Ulrich and Bassler). Interior
of right valve; locality NC—l.

Genus MUTILUS Neviani 1928
Subquadrate, short and high, anterior rounded, pos-
terior narrower, truncate or concave above, posteriorly
ridgelike shell surface projects above dorsal margin in
side View, small ventral alae, posterior compressed;
surface coarsely reticulate; median swelling obscured
by ornamentation, venter flattened; hinge holamphi-
dont; inner lamellae fairly broad, vestibule narrow to
absent, radial canals fairly numerous; adductor muscle
scars a median vertical row of four with the second
from top paired and additional more anterior spots.
Miocene to Recent.
Type species.—0ythereis (Mutilus) latieaneellata
Neviani, Pliocene.
Mutilus confragosa (Edwards)
Plate 4, figures 8a—e; plate 5, figures 5a—c; plate 7, figures 3a—c

Hemicythere confragom Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v.
18, p. 518, pl. 86, figs. 23—26. Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey
Prof. Paper 234—A, p. 43, pl. 6, figs. 13, 14. Puri, 1953,
Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., v. 43, p. 176, pl. 1, figs. 4—6.
Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 266, pl. 11,
figs. 10a—12. van den Bold, 1958, Micropaleontology, v. 4, p.

 

D22

71. Brown, 1958, North Carolina Dept. Conserv. and Devel.
Bull. 72. p. 66, pl. 7, fig. 1.

Mutilus confragosa (Edwards). Puri, 1960, Gulf Coast Assoc.
Geol. Soc. Trans, v. 10, p. 130. Swain, 1967, Geol. Soc.
America Mem. 101.

Aurila confragosa (Edwards). van den Bold, 1963b, Micro-
paleontology, v. 9, p. 385, pl. 8, fig. 1.

Diagn08i9.—Shell, medium sized, subrhomboidal,
highest one-third to one-fourth from anterior end,
dorsum nearly straight, almost half shell length, card-
inal angles obtuse, venter slightly sinuous; anterior
broadly curved, extended below; posterior end narrower,
sharply extended below, concave above. LV larger than,
and overreaches, RV in dorsal half; valves moderately
convex; greatest convexity ventromedian. Rim along
free margins; ventral surface with alaform longitudinal
ridge that produces flat venter; anterodorsal eye tu-
bercle and adjacent irregular submarginal furrow;
posterior fifth sharply compressed; general surface with
large pits and reticulating ridges; several of latter are
strongest in longitudinal direction; posterodorsal card-
inal area with angulated ridge that extends forward
and downward for a third or more of shell length.

Hinge of RV an anterior rounded tooth, postjacent
socket, interterminal groove, broadened at posterior end
and posterior reniform tooth; inner lamellae moderately
broad, narrow vestibule, radial canals fairly numerous
and closely spaced; muscle scar not seen clearly.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 4, fig. 80) 0.56 mm,
height 0.35 mm, convexity 0.31 mm.

Remaflcs.—The shape, surface ornamentation, and in-
ternal structure of this species are closer to Mutilus than
to other genera to which it has been assigned. The form
from the Miocene of Trinidad assigned to the species
by Bold is much less strongly ornamented than the
specimen from the Middle Atlantic States and may be
another species.

Occurrence—The species is rare to abundant at near-
ly all of the Waccamaw locations sampled, except lo-
cality SC—l, Horry County, S.C. The species was de-
scribed from the Duplin Marl and is also in the upper
part of the Yorktown Formation in several localities
in North Carolina and in the Choctawhatchee Forma-
tion (of former usage), upper Miocene, and in Recent
deposits of Florida and Gulf of California.

Specimens studied—One hundred and fifty-six.

Figured specimens.—USNM 649943—649947, 649959,
649961.

Genus CAUDITES Coryell and Fields, 1937

Subtrapezoidal, anterior rounded; posterior com-
pressed, with narrow caudate extension below, concave
or truncate above; LV larger than RV, small eye tu-
bercles, dimorphic, males more elongate, anterior mar-
ginal rim, discontinuous dorsal submarginal ridges,
median and ventral longitudinal ridges, posterior

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALE ONTOLOGY

median subvertical ridge(s), anteromed‘ian swelling or
tubercles; holamphidont hinge, inner lamellae moder—
ately broad, vestibule anteriorly and very small one
posteriorly, radial canals numerous, anteriorly several
rounded pillarlike growths on interior surface, adduc—
tor muscle scar an anteromedian divided row of four
spots, the middle two paired, and more anterior spots.
Eocene to Recent.

Type speeies.—0. medialz’s Coryell and Fields, 7
Miocene. '

Caudites sellardsi (Howe and Neill)
Plate 6, figures 12a, b

Hemicythere sellardsi Howe and Neill, 1935, Florida Geol. Sur-
vey Bull. 13, p. 29, pl. 2, figs. 6, 10.

Oauditcs sellerdsi (Howe and Neill). Puri, 1953, Washington
Acad. Sci.J0ur., v. 43, p. 176, pl. 2, fig. b. Puri, 1954, Florida
Geol Survey Bull. 36, p. 265, pl. 11, fig. 17. van den Bold,
1958, Micropaleontology, v. 4, table 1, [part].

not 0’. sellardsi (Howe and Neill). van den Bold, 1957, Micro-
paleontology, v. 3, p. 239, pl. 3, fig. 8 [fide van den Bold,
1963, Micropaleontology, v. 9, p. 386].

Diagnosis.—Subquadrate—subtrapezoidal in side View,
highest one-fourth from anterior end; dorsum nearly
straight, anterior cardinal angle elevated; venter
slightly concave medially, anterior broadly curved,
slightly extended below; posterior margin caudate,
strongly extended below, concave above; valves com-
pressed, LV slightly larger than RV and overlaps it in
cardinal areas. Free margins with smooth slightly ele-
vated rim; anterodorsal rounded, elevated eye tubercle;
vertical ridge from posterocardinal angle to near venter,
where it makes right-angle bend forward to midlength.
Internal shell characters not seen in present specimens
but were described by Howe and Neill.

Length of figured shell (pl. 6, fig. 12a) 0.63 mm,
height 0.35 mm, convexity 0.18 mm.

Occurrence—The species is rare in the Waccamaw
Formation at locality NC-3, Columbus County, N.C.;
rare at locality NC—l, Columbus County, N.C.; rare at
locality NC—4, Columbus County, NC. The species also
occurs in the Area zone of the Choctawhatchee Forma—
tion (of former usage) of Florida, and has been re-
ported in lower to upper Miocene beds of Trinidad.

Specimens st2.odz'ed.—F0ur.

F égured specimen.—USNM 649501.

Caudites? sp.
Plate 5, figures 6a, 1) ; plate 6, figure 13 ; plate 7, figures 8arc

Diagnosis.—Subquadrate-subreniform, highest one-
fourth from anterior end, dorsum slightly convex, card—
inal angles broadly obtuse; venter concave medially, an-
terior broadly curved, extended below; posterior nar—
rower, angulated medially, truncate above and below;
valves subequal, LV slightly the larger. Free margins
with narrow submarginal rim; anterodorsally an

OSTRACODA FROM THE

oblique eye tubercle; general median surface nearly
smooth, although somewhat irregular; posterior end
compressed. In dorsal view LV margin extends over RV
in cardinal area.

Hinge of RV an anterior high pointed tooth, postero—
j acent rounded socket, interterminal bar and subjacent
rabbet groove formed in valve edge, and posterior
pointed tooth; inner lamellae of moderate width, vesti-
bule present but narrow; radial canals very numerous
and closely spaced; three large pillars anteriorly, adja-
cent to inner margin; muscle scar not clearly seen but
apparently consists of a median vertical row of spots,
and two more anterior spots.

Length of figured specimen 0.52 mm, height 0.28 mm,
convexity 0.22 mm.

Remarks—The general outline, surface ornamenta—
tion, and hingement of this species are like Uaudites, but
the posterior outline is less caudate than typical for the
genus.

Occurrence.—Rare in \Vaccamaw Formation at 10-
calities NC—3, Columbus County, and NC—5, Brunswick
County, N.C., also in the Duplin Marl at Walkers Blufl',
N.C.

Specimens studied—Three.

Figured specimens.—USNM 649962, 649502.

Genus AURILA Pokorny, 1955
Auris Neviani, 1928, Ponrtificia Acad. delle Sci., Rome, Mém.,
Sec. 2, V. 11, p. 72, 94 [not Spix, 1827].
Mutilus (Am-Ha.) Pokorny, van Morkhoven, 1963, Post-Palaeo-
zoic Ostracoda, Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 138.

Subovate, almond shaped, anterior rounded, extended
below, posterior more or less pointed, also extended
below, dorsum strongly arched, surface reticulate,
pitted, ridged concentrically in terminal areas, eye
tubercle, hinge holamphidont, inner lamellae moder-
ately broad, radial canals numerous and closely spaced,
vestibule narrow or absent, adductor muscle scars an
anteromedian row of four spots the middle two or
upper middle spots paired, and more anterior spots.
Oligocene to Recent.

Type species—Uythem convexa Baird, Recent.

Although van Morkhoven refers to Aur’ila as a sub-
genus of Muffins, the latter is a differently constructed
shell especially in its posterior compression and ridging.
He apparently depended heavily on similar muscle scars
to relate the two genera.

Aurila conradi conradi (Howe and McGuirt)
Plate 5, figures 7a—i; text figure 20

Hcmicythcm conradi Howe and McGuirt, 1935, Florida Geol.
Survey Bull. 13, p. 27, pl. 3, figs. 31—34; pl. 4, fig. 17.
Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, V. 18, p. 518, pl. 86, figs.
17—18. Swain, 1952, US. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234~A,
p. 42, pl. 6, figs. 9—12. Puri, 1953, Washington Acad. Sci.

WACCAMAW FORMATION D23

Jour., v. 43, p. 176, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2; l’uri, 1954, Florida Geol.
Survey Bull. 36, p. 206. Swain, 1955, Jour. Paleontology, v.
29, p. 635, pl. 62, figs. 3a—c.

Aurila conradi (Howe and McGuirt). McLean, 1957, Bull. Am.
Paleontology, v. 38, no. 167, p. 94, pl. 11, figs. 7a, b.

Aurila conradi (Howe and McGuirt). Puri, 1960, Gulf Coast
Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans, v. 10, p. 129, pl. 3, figs. 9, 10.
Hulings and Puri, 1965, Pub. Staz. Zool., Napoli, v. 33.
supp, p. 323, fig. 12A.

Aurila conradi conradi (Howe and McGuirt), Pooser, 1965,
Kansas Univ. Paleont. Contr., Arthropoda, Art. 8, p. 48,
pl. 17, figs. 1, 2, 12, 13.

Diagnosis._Almond shaped, dimorphic, highest
medially in females, anteromedially in more elongate
males; dorsum moderately to strongly arched, venter
gently curved to slightly sinuous; anterior rounded,
strongly extended below; posterior narrowly rounded,
strongly extended ventromedially. LV larger than RV;
valves moderately convex, greatest convexity median to
posteromedian. Surface ornamentation consists of a11—
terior and ventral submarginal ridge, an inner ventral
ridge, posterior and posterodorsal submarginal ridge,
anterodorsal oblique eye tubercle and subjacent fur-
row; general surface coarsely and deeply reticulate.

Hinge of RV with anterior knoblike tooth, postero-
jacent triangular socket, interterminal groove broad-
ened at ends, and posterior reniform tooth; inner
lamellae of moderate width, narrow vestibule, numer-
ous closely spaced radial canals; muscle scar a curved
row of four spots, of which middle two are subdivided,
and two or more additional anterior spots.

Length of figured female shell (pl. 5, fig. 7e) 0.70
mm, height 0.48 mm, convexity 0.40 mm; length of
male shell (pl. 5, fig. 7d) 0.66 mm, height 0.41 mm, con-
vexity 0.36 mm.

Occurrence.—The species occurs widely in the Chocta-
whatchee Formation (of former usage), Duplin Marl,
and upper part of the Yorktown Formation of the At-
lan'tic Coastal Plain and Florida. Rare to common in

 

FIGURE 20.—Aur£la com‘adi (Howe and McGuirt). Interior of
left valve; locality NC—l.

 

D24

the Waccamaw Formatiion at most of the localities
studied, but was not found at locality SC—l, Horry
County,S.C.
Specimens studied—One hundred and eleven.
Figured speeimem.—USNM 649964—64997 2.

Aurila laevicula (Edwards)
Plate 5, figure 12

H emicythcrc Iaevicula Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, V. 18,
p. 518, pl. 86, figs. 27—30.

I)iagn0.9is.——Elongate, almond shaped, highest medi—
ally; dorsum moderately arched, venter nearly straight,
slightly sinuous; anterior margin rounded, extended be-
low, truncate above. LV slightly larger than RV, over—
reaching dorsally; convexity of valves moderate. Sur—
face densely and finely pitted; near free margins pits
are arranged concentrically; ventrally there are one or
two low narrow, submarginal ridges. Internal features
not seen in present specimen, and were not described in
detail by Edwards.

Length of figured specimen 0.58 mm, height 0.35 mm,
convexity 0.27 mm.

Bemarks.—The outline, overlap relationships, and
surface ornamentation of this species suggest that it
should be placed in Aurila rather than in H emicythere.

Occurrence—Waccamaw Formation, locality SC—5,
Horry County, S.C.; originally described as rare in Du-
plin Marl near Lumberton, NC.

Specimens studied—One.

Figured specimen.—USNM 649980.

Family LOXOCONCHIDAE Sars, 1925
Genus LOXOCONCHA Sars, 1866
Lowoleberis Sars, 1866, Oversigt af norges marine Ostracoder, p.
130 [error].
Normam‘a Brady, 1866, Z001. Soc. London Trans, v. 5, p. 382.

Subrhomboidal, ends rounded, posterior extended
above, anterior extended below, surface reticulate, pit-
ted, ridged, nodose or nearly smooth, eye tubercle, hinge
gongylodont (yolked terminal teeth and sockets), in-
terterminal bar and groove crenulate, inner lamellae
fairly broad, terminal vestibules, few radial canals, ad-
ductor muscle scars a median vertical row of four un-
paired spots and more anterior and anteroventral spots,
upper one typically crescentic. Cretaceous to Recent.

Type species.—0ythere whomboidea Fischer, 1855,
Recent.

Loxoconcha wilberti Puri
Plate 3, figures 6a—c; plate 7, figure 6; text figures 21A, B

Loxoconcha wilberti Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36,
p. 274, pl. 10, figs. 1, 2; text figs. 10a, b.

Diagnosis.—Shell oblong, dorsum straight, venter
nearly straight, subparallel to dorsum; terminal mar—

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALE ONTOLOGY

gins broadly curved, anterior extended below, posterior
extended above; surface with coarse reticulate ridge
pattern, concentrically arranged in marginal areas;
posteriorly and posteroventrally concentric ridges are
more prominent; free margins with narrow compressed
rim. LV hinge with yolklike anterior socket and head-
like tooth, interterminal faintly crenulate groove and
posterior yolklike lobed tooth and small socket, inner
lamellae broad anteriorly, with vestibule; about 12 an—
terior radial canals with funneled inner ends; muscle
scar a vertical row of four spots and two more anterior
spots, the upper one crescentic.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 3, fig. 6a) 0.65 mm,
height 0.40 mm, convexity 0.33 mm.

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw Formation, locality
NC—5, Brunswick County, N.C.; and at locality NC—l,
Columbus County, NC. The species was previously de—

 

A
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O
O
O
8

e

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{ Cg
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C D
FIGURE 21.—Loxoconcha wilbertt Puri. A, Interior of right
valve. B, Adductor muscle scar; locality NC—l. 0, D, Lowe-

concha purisubrhomboideu Edwards, muscle scars of female
and male shells; locality SC—4.

OSTRACODA FROM THE

scribed from the Choctawhatchee Formation (of for—
mer usage), upper Miocene of Florida.

Specimens studied—Three.

Figured speeimens.—USNM 649915—649917.

Loxoconcha purisubrhomboidea Edwards
Plate 3, figures 7a—e; plate 7, figure 7; text figures 210', D

Lowoconcha subrhomboidea Edwards, 1944 [not Brady, 1880],
Jour. PaleontolOgy, v. 18, p. 527, pl. 88, figs. 28—32. Swain,
1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234—A, p. 25, pl. 2,
figs. 18, 19. Malkin, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 787.

Lozoconcha purisubrhomboidea Edwards, new name, in Puri,
1953, Jour. Paleontology, V. 27, p. 270. Puri, 1954, Florida
Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 274, pl. 10, fig. 8; text fig. 10h.
McLean, 1957, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 38, no. 167, p.
71, pl. 7, figs. 4a—e.

Diagnosis.—Subquadrate—ovate (female) to subellip-
tical-ovate (male), highest medially; dorsum gently
convex to nearly straight, venter sinuous, slightly con-
cave anteromedially; terminal margins rounded, an-
terior broader than posterior and extended below;
posterior extended above. Valves equal, moderately
convex, greatest convexity median to posteromedian.
Surface finely pitted; margins with narrow rim. Hinge
and marginal structures are as shown in text figures
210, D ,' muscle scar a median subvertical crescentic
row of four spots; two more anterior spots, the dorsal
one curved.

Length of figured female specimen (pl. 3, fig. 7e)
0.64 mm, height 0.36 mm, convexity 0.31 mm.

Occurrence—Frequent to common in the Waccamaw
at localities SC—2, SC—3, SC—4, and SC—5, Horry
County, S.C. Bare in Waccamaw Formation at locality
NC—3, Columbus County, N.C.; frequent at locality
NC—5, Brunswick County, NC. Rare in Pleistocene,
Longs, 8.0. The species was described from the Duplin
Marl, upper Miocene of North Carolina, and occurs
throughout the Miocene of the Atlantic Coastal region.

Specimens studied.—Forty-four.

Figured speeimens.—USNM 649918—649920, 650015.

Loxoconcha reticularis Edwards
Plate 4, figures 221—15. 3; text figure 22

Lowoconcha. retic-ularis Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v.
18, p. 527, pl. 88, figs. 26, 27. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey
Bull. 36, p. 274, pl. 10, fig. 7; text fig. 10e. Malkin, 1953,
Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 786, pl. 80, figs. 13—17. McLean,
1957, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 38, no. 167, p. 72, pl. 7,
figs. 5a—b.

Lomoconcha cf. L. reticularis Edwards. Swain, 1952, US. Geol.
Survey Prof. Paper 234—A, p. 26.

Diagnosis.—Subquadrate-subovate, highest one—third
from anterior end, dorsum slightly sinuous, venter
gently convex in males to nearly straight and subpar-
allel to dorsum in females. Valves subequal, LV slightly
larger; valves strongly convex; greatest convexity

WACCAMAW FORMATION

 

D25

ventromedian; surface with deeply reticulate pattern
of pits and ridges; ridges markedly concentric in ar-
rangement terminally and ventrally; margins bear a
smooth narrow rim; terminal and posteroventral mar—
ginal areas compressed. Internal shell structure is
shown in text figure 22.

Length of figured female specimen (pl. 4, fig. 2a)
0.51 mm, height 0.31 mm, convexity 0.28 mm. Length
of figured male specimen (pl. 4, fig. 2c) 0.49 mm, height
0.28 mm, convexity 0.24 mm.

IllllI---------u-.-...

 

FIGURE 22.—Loa:oconcha reticularis Edwards. Interior of left
valve; locality SC—4.

Occurrence—Rare to frequent in Waccamaw Forma-
tion at localities SC—2, SC—4, and SC—5, Horry County,
SC. Rare in Waccamaw Formation at locality NC—3,
Columbus County, N.C.; rare at locality NC—5, Bruns—
wick County, N.C.; frequent at locality NC—l, Colum-
bus County. The species was described from the Duplin
Marl, upper Miocene of North Carolina, and occurs
throughout the Miocene of the Atlantic Coastal region.

Specimens studied.—Twenty-two.

Figured speeimens.—USNM 649925—649931.

Genus PT’EROLOXA Swain, 1963

Small, subquadrate, posterior narrower than anterior,
LV slightly larger than RV, moderately convex, sur-
face pitted or reticulate and with low ventral alate ex-
pansion, hinge gongylodont, inner lamellae narrow to
moderate in width, radial canals few, vestibule narrow
or absent, adductor muscle scars a vertical row of three
or four spots and additional more anterior spot(s).
Pliocene ( ?), Pleistocene to Recent.

Type species.—P. peniptmcta Swain, Pleistocene.

Pteroloxa’! sp.

Plate 4, figure 9
Diagnosé8.——Shell small, subquadrate, highest antero-
medially; dorsal margin straight and three-fourths of
shell length; anterior cardinal angle slightly more
obtuse than posterior; ventral margin slightly convex,

D26

subparallel to dorsum; anterior margin broadly curved,
slightly extended below, truncate above; posterior mar—
gin with dorsomedian small projection, subtruncate
.below and above. Valves subequal, moderately convex,
greatest convexity posteromedian; valves compressed
behind.

A narrow rim extends around free margins; postero-
ventral submarginal zone with narrow ridge; oblique
longitudinal ridge slightly dorsal of midheight; several
additional short oblique ridges in anterodorsal area;
remainder of valve surface with short irregular ridges
as illustrated. Internal shell features not observed.

Length of shell 0.33 mm, height 0.18 mm, convexity
0.17 mm.

Remarka—This species has a low posteroventral
alaform ridge like that typical of Pterolopa but is of
questionable generic position because of the lack of
knowledge of its internal shell features. It somewhat
resembles Pterolowd guaymomensis Swain (1967) from
the Recent of the Gulf of California, but has a different
pattern of surface ornamentation.

Occurrence.——Rare in Waccamaw Formation, local-
ity SC—3, Horry County, SC.

Specimens studied—One.

Figured specimen—USN M 649948.

Genus ‘CYTHEROMORPHA Hirschmann 1909

Subovate, subreniform or subquadrate, small, com—
pressed, anterior margin extended below, broader than
posterior, venter concave or sinuous, surface smooth,
finely pitted, or finely reticulate, hinge gongylodont,
crenulate interterminal bar and groove, inner lamellae
of moderate width, vestibules present, radial canals few,
line of concrescence scalloped owing to funnel-shaped
opening of radial canals, adductor muscle scars a median
vertical row of four spots and more anterior spots, up-
per one curved. Paleocene. Recent.

Type speeies.—0. albula Hirschmann, Recent.

Cytheromorpha curta Edwards
Plate 5, figures 9a, b
Oytheromorpha curta Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18,
p. 516, pl. 86, figs. 19—22. Swain, 1952, US. Geol. Survey
Prof. Paper 234—A, p. 49, pl. 7, fig. 22.

Diagnosis.—Shell small, Subovate, almond shaped in
side View, highest anteromedially, dorsum moderately
convex, truncated to slightly notched posteriorly; venter
sinuous, concave anteromedially; terminal margins
broadly curved, the anterior somewhat extended below,
the posterior extended above. Valves subequal, the LV
slightly larger; valves compressed, greatest convexity
median. Surface densely and finely pitted; interspaces

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

equal to or exceeding diameter of pits. Middorsally, pits
are arranged in two anteriorly curved subparallel rows
possibly representing an incipient median sulcus; mar—
gins of valves with smooth narrow rim. Internal fea—
tures not observed in present specimens but were de-
scribed by Edwards (1944).

Length of figured specimen 0.37 mm, height 0.27 mm,
convexity 0.18 mm.

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw Formation at local-
ities 80—1 and SC—4, Horry County, SC. The species
ranges upward from the St. Marys Formation, middle
Miocene in the Middle Atlantic region. It is living in
Pamlico Sound.

Specimens studied—Two.

Figured specimens.—USNM 649976, 649977.

Genus LOXOCORNICULUM Benson and Coleman, 1963

Similar in nearly all shell features to Lomoeoncha but
has posterodorsal nodes on both valves. Miocene to
Recent.

Type species.—03/there fiseheri Brady, Recent.

The present writer believes this genus represents eco—
logic variants of species of Lomoconcha, but is using
the name until someone has made a detailed study of
the problem.

Loxocorniculum sp.
Plate 3, figures 8a, b; plate 4, figure 1

Shell Subovate, highest medially, dorsal margin gent-
ly convex, passing with only slight, very obtuse angula—
tion into terminal margins; ventral margin slightly con-
cave anteromedially; anterior margins rounded, eX—
tended below, subtruncate above; posterior margin
rounded, strongly extended above. Terminal and post-
eroventral margins with narrow low rims; anterior
fourth of valve surface weakly and finely pitted; post-
erodorsal large, low, rounded node; anterodorsal smaller
and lower eye tubercle. Internal shell structure not
observed.

Length of figured specimen 0.50 mm, height 0.31 mm,
convexity 0.24 mm.

Eemarks.—The shape of this form is very much like
that of Lopoconeha 7/1 omboidea (Fischer), but the post—
dorsal node is indicative of Lomoeomiculum of Benson
and Coleman. Too few specimens are available in the
present collection to enable adequate comparisons to be
made with described species.

Occuprenee.—Rare in Waccamaw Formation, locality
SC—5, Horry County, SC. The species was also obtained
from the Pleistocene, Longs, S.C.

S peeimens studied—Three.

F igured specimens.—USNM 649921, 649922, 649924.

0STRACODA FROM THE WACCAMAW FORMATION

Family CAMPYLOCYTHERIDAE Puri, 1960 (from
CAMPYLOCYTHERINAE Puri, 1960)
Inclusion of genera listed here in Hemicytheridae
(Puri, 1960; Hazel, 1967) is not followed because that
family typically has divided adductor muscle scars.

Genus BASSLERITES Howe, 1937
Basslcrella Howe, 1935, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 13, p. 30 [not
Kellett, 1935].

Ovate-elliptical, ends rounded, LV larger than RV;
surface smooth, wrinkled, or with posterior thlipsuroid
lobate depression of surface; hinge holamphidont, heav-
ily developed for size of shell; inner lamellae narrow,
vestibule narrow or absent, a few to moderate number
of radial canals in part anastamosing toward shell in—
terior, adductor muscle scar an anteromedian vertical
row of four spots and additional more anterior spot(s),
upper one crescentic. Miocene to Recent.

Type species.——Basslerella miocenica Howe, Miocene.

Basslerites giganticus Edwards
Plate 4, figure 6; text figure 23

Basslcritcs giganticus Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v.
18, p. 521, pl. 87, figs. 19—23. Swain, 1952, US. Geol. Survey
Prof. Paper 234—A, p. 47, text figs. 3c—g.

Basslcrites of. B. giganticus Edwards. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol.
Survey Bull. 36, p. 280, pl. 8, figs. 10, 11; text fig. 11k.

Diagnosis—Large, subquadrate, dorsum nearly
straight with cardinal areas slightly elevated, about
three-fourths shell length; venter nearly straight, very
slightly concave medially; anterior and posterior mar-
gins broadly and nearly uniformly rounded, the poste—
rior narrower. LV larger than RV, convexity moder-
ate, greatest posteromedially. Surface with weak pits
more or less longitudinally arranged; shallow cardinal
notches. Hinge of immature? LV with terminal small
sockets and interterminal faintly crenulate bar formed
of slightly extended valve edge; inner lamellae narrow,
vestibule not developed; adductor scars a vertical row of
four spots and two more anterior spots, the upper one
crescentic; scars lie in anteromedian depression on in—
terior of valve; about six muscle scars lie dorsally,

D27

three of which are in longitudinal row just below
dorsum.

Length of figured specimen 0.96 mm, height 0.50 mm,
convexity 0.15 mm.

Occurrence—Rare in VVaccamaw Formation at local-
ity NC—l, Columbus County, N.C. The species was de-
scribed from the Duplin Marl, upper Miocene of North
Carolina, and also occurs in the Choctawhatchee For—
mation (of former usage) of Florida and the Yorktown
Formation of the Middle Atlantic region.

Specimens studied—One.

Figured specimem.—USNM 649939.

Genus CAMPYLOCYTHERE Edwards, 1944

Acuticythercis Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p.
519.

Elongate-ovate to elliptical, posterior narrower than
anterior, LV slightly larger than RV, rather com-
pressed; surface smooth, pitted, or reticulate; hinge
holamphidont, inner lamellae moderate to narrow in
width, vestibule present, radial canals fairly numerous,
in part bunched along line of concrescence, adductor
muscle scars a median vertical row of four spots and
more anterior spots. Miocene to Recent.

Type species—0. Zaeva Edwards, Miocene.

Campylocythere laevissima (Edwards)
Plate 6, figures 1a, b, 2a—b, 3, 6, 8; plate 7, figures 9a, b; text
figures 24, 25.4, B

Acuticythercis lacvissima Edwards, 1944, J our. Paleontology, v.
18, p. 519, pl. 87, figs. 4—11. Swain, 1952, US. Geol. Survey
Prof. Paper 234—A, p. 42. Hulings and Puri, 1965, Pub. Staz.
Z001., Napoli; v. 33, supp, p. 323, fig. 12A.

Acuticythercis laem‘ssima punctata Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleon—
tology, v. 18, p. 520, pl. 87, figs. 12, 13.

Campylocythcrc lacm‘asima (Edwards). Malkin, 1953, Jour.
Paleontology, v. 27, p. 785, pl. 80, figs. 4—6.

Diagnosis.—Subquadrate t0 subtrapezoidal, highest
one-fourth from anterior end; dorsum nearly straight,
anterior cardinal angle more obtuse than posterior;
venter gently convex, converging strongly with dorsum
toward posterior, anterior broadly curved, extended

 

FIGURE 23.*Basslcrites giganticus Edwards. Interior of im-
mature left valve in which hinge and marginal zone are
only weakly developed; locality NC—l. ‘

 

FIGURE 24.—Campylocytherc la‘ém‘ssimu (Edwards). Interior of
left valve ; locality NC—5.

D28

below, subtruncate above; posterior much narrower in
male dimorphs, broader in females, extended to
sharply angulated medially, subtruncate above; LV
larger than RV, overreaching along free margins;
valves moderately convex, greatest convexity postero-
median. Weak eye tubercle and subjacent oblique fur—
row anterodorsally; median and posteromedian valve
surface of some specimens weakly and finely to coarsely

 

FIGURE 25.—0ampylocythere lacm‘ssima punctata (Edwards).
A, Interior of left valve. B, Anterior marginal zone; locality
N C—l.

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

pitted, other specimens are smooth. Posterior marginal
zone compressed.

Hinge of RV consists of low anterior pyramidal
tooth, posterojacent small open socket, interterminal
crenulate furrow and posterior lobate tooth. Inner lam—
ellae narrow, vestibule present, radial canals fairly
numerous anteriorly, in part bunched at indentations
on line of concrescence. Muscle scar, a vertical row of
four and two more anterior spots.

Length of figured male specimens (pl. 6, fig. 2a) 0.68
mm, height 0.35 mm, convexity 0.33 mm. Length of a
female shell (pl. 6, fig. 6) 0.78 mm, height 0.40 mm,
convexity 0.36 mm.

Occurrence—The species is frequent in Waccamaw
Formation at locality NC—3, Columbus County, NC;
rare at locality NC—l, Columbus County, N.C.; rare at
locality NC—5, Brunswick County, N.C.; rare at 10-
cality NC—4, Columbus County, N.C.; rare at locality
SC—2, Horry County, SC. The species also occurs in
the Duplin Marl of North Carolina. and the upper
part of the St. Marys and Yorktown Formations of
North Carolina and Virginia.

Specimens studied—Seventeen.

Figured specimens.—USNM 649982—649985, 649989,
649992, 650017.

Campylocythere multipunctata (Edwards)
Plate 6, figures 5a—d ; text figure 26

Acuticythereis multipunctata Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontol-
ogy, v. 18, p. 520, pl. 87, figs. 14—16. Swain, 1952, US. Geol.
Survey Prof. Paper 234—A, p. 42, text fig. 3m, 11.

Diagnosisr—Subquadrate to sublanceo-late, highest
one-third from anterior end, dorsum slightly convex
with broadly obtuse, poorly defined cardinal angles.

Venter nearly straight to slightly convex, converging

strongly with dorsum toward posterior; anterior

broadly curved, extended below; posterior narrow,
strongly extended to subacum‘inate medially. LV larger
than RV, overreaching along venter; convexity mod-

 

FIGURE 26.-0ampylocythere multipunctata (Edwards). Interior
of left valve; Duplin Formation, Walkers Bluff, N.C.

0STRACODA FROM THE WACCAMAW FORMATION

crate, greatest convexity posteromedian; posterior end
compressed. Surface coarsely and deeply reticulate; in
part, ridges are prominent longitudinally.

Hingement and other internal features similar to
preceding species, but elements somewhat weaker, and
reversal of hinge features from RV to LV observed by
Edwards.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 6, fig. 5a) 0.60 mm,
height 0.30 mm, convexity 0.28 mm.

Occurrence—Rare in Duplin Marl, at Walkers Bluff
on southern bank of Cape Fear River 9 miles below
Elizabethtown, Bladen County, NC. The species was
described from the Duplin Marl and apparently does
not range outside the Duplin. It is listed here to provide
a comparison with other Campylocythere in the
Waccamaw.

Specimens studied—Two.

F figured speeimem.—USNM 649987, 649988.

Campylocythere laeva Edwards
Plate 2, figures 3a, b ; plate 6, figures 7a—c ; text figure 27

Campylocythere laeca Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v.
18, p. 514, pl. 86, figs. 8—14. Malkin, 1953, J our. Paleontology,
v. 27, p. 784, pl. 80, figs. 1—3. Hulings and Puri, 1965, Pub.
Staz. Z001., Napoli, v. 33, supp., p. 323, fig. 12a.
Diagnosis.—Subquadrate to subelliptical, highest
medially to anteromedially, dorsum gently convex,
venter slightly sinuous; anterior rounded, extended be-
low; posterior more narrowly curved in males, broadly
curved in females, extended medially. LV larger than
RV, overreaching ventrally; valves moderately convex;
greatest convexity median to posteromedian. Surface
smooth. Hinge and other internal features are shown
in text figure 27.

 

FIGURE 27.~—0ampylooytherc laeva Edwards. Interior of left
valve; locality NC—2.

Length of figured shell (pl. 6, fig. 7a) 0.77 mm, height
0.40 mm, convexity 0.37 mm.

 

D29

00mn171e2me.—Rare in )Vaccamaw Formation locality
SC—4, Horry County, 8.0.; at localities NC—2 and NC—
3, Columbus County, N.C. ; and at locality NC—o, Bruns—
wick County, NC. The species was described from the
Duplin Marl of North Carolina and ranges throughout
the Yorktown Formation, upper Miocene of Virginia
and North Carolina. It lives off the west coast of
Florida, where it is found on clean sand bottom in
euhaline shallow water (Hulings and Puri, 1965).

Specimens studied—Six.

F igured specimens.—USNM 649990, 649991.

Genus BENSONOCYTHERE Hazel, 1967

For diagnosis see Hazel (1967, p. 27). Oligocene( l),
Miocene to Recent.
Type species.—Leguminoeythereis wh'itei Swain.

Bensonocythere whitei ((Swain)
Plate 5, figures 4a, b ; text figure 28

Legumiwoythere/is whitei Swain, 1952, US. Geo]. Survey Prof.
Paper 234——A, p. 43, pl. 3, figs. 14, 16—18; pl. 4, fig. 1. Malkin,
1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 785—788, pl. 80, figs. 7—12.

Legummocythe'reiu?) whitei Swain. McLean, 1957, Bull. Am.
Paleontology, v. 38, no. 167, p. 80, pl. 9, figs. 4a—‘b.

Trigmglymus whitei (Swain) Pooser, 1965, Kansas Univ.
Paleont. Contr., Arthropoda, Art. 8, p. 36, pl. 15, figs. 2,
5, 6, 8, 9.

Bensonocythere whitei (Swain), Hazel, 1967, US. Geo]. Survey
Prof. Paper 564, p. 27, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3, 8—10; pl. 10, figs.
1—8; pl. 11, figs. 1, 2.

Diagnosis.—Elliptical to elongate-ovate, highest one-
fourth from anterior end; dorsum nearly straight, about
four-fifths of shell length; venter slightly sinuous;
anterior more broadly curved than posterior; LV larger
than RV; female dimorphs less elongate and more con—
vex posteromedially than males. Narrow ridge parallel
to and just within free margins; a second ridge lies
Within first; a third anterodorsal ridge; other irregular
ridges over general surface in some specimens form a
roughly reticulate pattern, in others vertical elements
are dominant. Hinge of RV an anterior oblique smooth
tooth, posterojacent shallow socket, narrow intertermi—
nal smooth groove, anteromedian “antislip tooth” proj-
ection, and posterior elongate subreniform tooth. Muscle
scar with one or both of middle spots of vertical row
subdivided into two spots; inner lamellae of moderate
width; little or no vestibule; radial canals most numer-
ous anteroventrally.

Length of figured specimen 0.65 mm, height 0.38 mm,
convexity 0.35 mm.

Remarka—Hazel (1967) has recently reviewed the
problems of classification of this species.

D30

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw Formation at local-
ities NC—l and NC—3, Columbus County, N.C., and at
localities SC—l, and SC—2, Horry County, SC. Else-
where in the Atlantic Coastal Plain the species has been
recorded from the lower part of the Choptank Forma—
tion to the top of the upper Miocene section. It was
recorded in the subsurface lower Miocene or Oligocene
of North Carolina (Swain, 1952, p. 44), but that occur-
rence is somewhat questionable. It is living in the
Atlantic Ocean.

Specimens studied—Two.
Figured specimen8.—USNM 649958.

 

FIGURE 28.—Bensonocythcre whitei (Swain). Interior of left
valve; locality NC-l.

Family PECTOCYTHERIDAE Hanai, 1957
Genus MUNSEYELLA van den Bold, 1957

Toulminia Munsey, 1953, Jour.
[not Zittel, 1878].

Paleontology, v. 27, p. 6

Small, subquadrate, posterior narrower than anterior,
narrow marginal rim, other ridges on surface variably
distributed, hinge of LV with anterior and posterior
rounded teeth, small sockets behind and in front of teeth,
respectively, and interterminal crenulate groove, con—
verse in RV, inner lamellae fairly broad, vestibule pres-
ent, line of concrescence sinuous, strongly so anteriorly,
radial canals few, adductor muscle scars a vertical un—
divided row of four with additional more anterior
scar(s) . Paleocene to Recent.

Type species—Teammate
Paleocene.

hyalolcystis Munsey.

Munseyella subminuta (Puri)
Plate 5, figures 3a—d; text figure 29

Oythcromorpha submmuta Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull.
36, p. 267, p. 6, figs. 9, 10.

Munseyclla subminuta (Puri) van den Bold, 1958, Micropaleon-
tology, v. 4, pl. 5, fig. 3. van den Bold 1963!), Micropaleontol-
ogy, V. 9, p. 379, pls. 5, 6, fig. 3. Pooser, 1965, Kansas Univ.
Paleont, Contr., Arthropoda, Art. 8, p. 52, pl. 11, figs. 1, 2, 4.

 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALE ONTOLOGY

Diagnosis.—Small, sublanceolate-subquadrate, high—
est anteriorly, dorsum and venter nearly straight and
converge posteriorly; anterior broadly curved; posterior
narrower. Valves subequal, compressed, greatest con-
vexity posteromcdian. Marginal smooth rim anteriorly
and ventrally, less distinct dorsally and posteriorly; a
sinuous discontinuous dorsal ridge extends beyond dor—
sal margin posterodorsally, and bends toward venter,
a second sinuous longitudinal ridge midventrally;
medially a short ridge, anteriorly a median small node,
and a posterior larger swelling. Internal structures of
a LV are as shown in text figure 29.

 

FIGURE 29.—-Munseyella submmuta (Puri). Interior of left valve; ,
locality SC—3.

Length of figured specimen 0.38 mm, height 0.20 mm,
convexity 0.16 mm.

Occurreneer—Rare in VVaccamaw Formation at 10-
cality NC—4, Columbus County, N.C.; localities SC—2
and SC—S, Horry County, S.C. The species was described
from the Choctawhatchee Formation (of former usage)
of Florida, Area, Eephora, and Cancellaria facies, and
has also been recorded from the Miocene of Trinidad.

Specimens studied—Four.

Figured specimens.—USNM 649956, 649957, 650018.

Family PROGONOCYTHERIDAE Sylvester-Bradley, 1948
Subfamily PROGONOCYTHERINAE Sylvester-Bradley, 1948
Genus XENOCYTHERE Sars, 1925

Elongate-sublanceolate, posterior end much narrow—
er than anterior and extended below, wedge shaped in
end view, venter flattened owing to expansion of ventral
shell surface, valves subequal; surface smooth, pitted,
or with closely spaced sinuous narrow ridges, hinge an—
timerodont, that of LV with terminal crenulate sockets
and intervening crenulate bar, inner lamellae of mod-
erate width, vestibule present at least anteriorly, radial
canals few, adductor muscle scars a median vertical row
of four spots with two more anterior antennal? spots
above and one mandibular? spot below. Pliocene(?)
to Recent.

Type speeies.—0yflzere ecmieformis Brady, Recent.

OS'I‘RACODA FROM: THE WACCAMAW FORMATION

Xenocythere? sp.
Plate 6, figures 9a, b

Diagnosis.—Shell elongate-subovate in side View,
highest anteromedially; dorsum moderately convex,
venter nearly straight; anterior margin broadly curved,
somewhat extended below; posterior margin much more
narrowly curved, extended below. LV slightly larger
than RV, valves moderately convex, greatest convexity
ventro—median where ventral valve surface is slightly
expanded posteromedially; venter has two compressed
areas in front of and behind expanded area. Surface
ornamented with weak narrow irregular longitudinal
ridges in ventral half and is obscurely pustulose in
dorsal half.

Most internal shell features obscured by recrystalli-
zation in specimen at hand; muscle scars consist of a
median vertical row of four spots and two more an-
terior spots of which upper is crescentic.

Length of shell (pl. 6, fig. 9a) 0.78 mm, height 0.38
mm, convexity 0.35 mm.

Remarks—The shape, flattened venter, surface or-
namentation, and musculature of this species furnish a
relationship to X enoeyt/Lere Sars. The details of surface
ornamentation especially the lesser strength of longitu-
dinal ribbing are different from X. eimieformis
(Brady), the type species.

Occurrence—Rare in Waccamaw Formation at 10-
cality NC—5, Brunswick County, NC.

Specimens studied.—Two.

Figured speeimens.—USNM 649993, 649994.

Family XESTOLEBERIDIDAE Sars, 1928
Genus XESTOLEBERIS Sars, 1866

Ovate-subreniform, strongly convex, venter flattened
owing to expansion of ventral shell surface, LV larger
than RV, surface smooth, finely pitted or striate ven-
trally, hinge antimerodont, LV with terminal crenulate
sockets and intervening crenulate bar, zone of concre—
sc-ence narrow, inner lamellae and vestibule broad an-
teriorly, radial canals short, fairly numerous, adductor
muscle scars an anteromedian row of four spots, a more
anterior trilobate antennal? spot above, and two man-
dibular? spots below. Cretaceous to Recent.

Type species.—0ythere aurantia Baird, Recent.

Xestoleberis choctawhatcheensis Puri
Plate 6, figures 10a—c
Xcstolcberis choctawhatehccnsis I’uri, 1954, Florida Geol. Sur-
vey Bull. 36, p. 297, pl. 16, fig. 6; text figs. f, g.
Diagnosis.—Subovate-subtriangular, highest medial-
ly, dorsum moderately convex, venter nearly straight;
ends rounded, extended below; posterior truncated
above. Valves strongly convex, inflated, and overhang—
ing valve margin ventrally; most convex in posterior

 

D31

half; LV larger than RV, overreaching it dorsally and
anteriorly. Surface smooth except for faint ridges along
venter; normal canals numerous, arranged in longitudi-
nal rows ventrally. Hinge of RV with terminal elongate,
weakly crenulate tooth flanges and an interterminal very
faintly crenulate furrow; muscle scar a median vertical
row of four spots and at least one, more anterior spot;
inner lamellae narrow, vestibule present, radial canals
short and numerous.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 6, fig. 10b) 0.48 mm,
height 0.28 mm, convexity 0.28 mm.

Bemar/es.—This species is similar to X. ventrostriam
Swain, but is somewhat more elongate and has weaker
ventral striae.

Occurrence—Rare in VVaccamaw Formation at lo-
cality NC—3, Columbus County, NC; rare at locality
NC—l, Columbus County, N.C.; rare at locality NC—5,
Brunswick County, N.C.; rare at localities SC—l, SC—2,
and SC—3, Horry County, SC. The species was pre-
viously recorded from the Eephom and Oomeellaria
beds of the Choctawhatchee Formation (of former
usage), upper Miocene of Florida.

Specimens studied.—Ten.

Figured speeimens.—USNM 649995—649997.

Xestoleberis howei Puri

Plate 6, figures 15a, b ; plate 7, figure 5 ; text figure 30

Xcstolebcris triangularis Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull.
36, p. 208, pl. 16, figs. 1—4; text figs. 13h, i [not \Veber, 1937,
or Mandelstam, 1960].
Xestoleberis howei I’uri, 1964, Jour. Paleontology, v. 38, p. 787.
Diagnosis—Shell elongate—subtriangular in side
view; dorsal margin strongly convex; ventral margin
nearly straight; anterior margin rounded, extended
below; posterior margin more narrowly rounded, also
extended below; valves subequal, the LV slightly
larger; valves strongly convex, greatest convexity
median and ventral in position. Surface smooth. Inter—
nal shell features not seen in present specimens; they
were partially described by Puri.

 

FIGURE 30——Xcstolcbcris hou‘ci Puri. Interior of left
valve ; locality SC—4.

D32

Length of figured specimen 1.44 mm, height 0.23 mm,
convexity 0.27 mm.

OccurrencefiRare in )Vaccamaw Formation at local-
ities SCi2, 80—3, 80—4, and 80—5, Horry County, SC.
The species was described from the Choctawhatchee
Formation (of former usage), upper Miocene of
Florida.

Specimens studied.—Six.

Figured specimens—USNM 649504, 649505.

Genus XIPHICHIL‘US Brady, 1870

Machaerina Brady and Norman, 1889, Royal Dublin Soc. Sci.
Trans, ser. 2, v. 4, p. 237, (obj. syn. of Xiphichilus as they
both have same type species).

Elongate bilanceolate, pointed at both ends, com-
pressed, posterodorsal marginal sinuosity, surface
smooth, hinge lophodont, inner lamellae and vestibule
broad, continuous around venter, radial canals few,
adductor muscle scars an anteromedian vertical row of
four spots, may be paired to produce a double row,
additional more anterior spots may occur. Pliocene to
Recent.

Type species.nt/thoeythere tenuissima Norman,
Recent.

Xiphichilus? sp.
Plate 5, figure 11

Diagno.€i,9.—¥Shell elongate—lanceolate in side View,
highest medially; dorsal margin moderately convex,
sloping uniformly on either side of position of greatest
height; ventral margin slightly convex with weak pos-
teromedian sinuosity; terminal margins narrowly
rounded to subacuminate, the anterior slightly broader
than posterior, both strongly extended below. Valves
compressed, subequal; surface smooth. Internal shell
features not observed.

Length of shell 0.42 mm, height 0.18 mm, convexity
0.13 mm.

Remarka—The species is somewhat less acuminate
terminally than most other species'of X iphiehilus. The
lack of information as to internal shell structures makes
generic assignment uncertain.

Occurrence.~—Rare in VVaccamaw Formation, locality
SC—5, Horry County, SC.

Specimens studied.—One.

F igured speeimen.——USNM 649979.

REFERENCES

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Interglazial von Esbjerg: Dansk Geol. Foren. Medd.,
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Benson, R. H., and Coleman, G. L., 1963, Recent marine ostra-
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1—33.

 

CONTRIBUTIONS T0 PALE ONTOLOGY

Bold, W. A. van den, 1946, Contribution to the study of Ostra-
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1958, Ostracoda 0f the Brasso Formation of Trinidad:

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1963a, The ostracode genus Oriom’na and its species:

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1963b, Upper Miocene and Pliocene Ostracoda of Trini—

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1963c, Anomalous hinge structure in new species of
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Brady, G. S., 1867 [1868]—1886, Descriptions of Ostracoda in
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1880, Report on the Ostracoda dredged by H.M.S. Chub
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age of HMS Challenger (London): Zoology, v. 1, pt. 3,
p. 1—184.

Brown, P. M., 1958, Well logs from the Coastal Plain of North
Carolina: North Carolina Dept. Conserv. and Devel. Bull.
72, p. 1—99, pls. 1—8, text figs. 1—9.

Byrne, J. V., LeRoy, D. 0., and Riley, C. M., 1959, The chenier
plain and its stratigraphy, southwestern Louisiana: Gulf'
Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans, v. 9, p. 237—259, pls. 3—9,
text figs. 1—9.

Clark, W. B., and others, 1912, The Coastal Plain of North
Carolina: North Carolina Geol. and Econ. Survey, v. 3,
p. 1—552.

Cooke, C. W., Gardner, Julia, and Woodring, W. P., 1943, Cor-
relation of the Cenozoic formations of the Atlantic and
Gulf Coastal Plain and the Caribbean region: Geol. Soc.
Am. Bull., v. 54. p. 1713—1722.

Coryell, H. N., and Fields, Suzanne, 1937, A Gatun ostracode
fauna from Cativa, Panama: Am. Mus. Novitates, no. 956,
p. 1—18, pls. 1, 2, text figs. 1—18.

Cushman, J. A., 1918, Some Miocene and Pliocene Foraminifera
of the Coastal Plain of the United States: U.S. Geol. Survey
Bull. 676, 100 p., 31 pls.

Dall, W. H., 1892, Tertiary fauna of Florida: Wagner Free Inst.
Sci. Trans, v. 3, pt. 2, p. 209.

DuBar, J. R., and Howard, J. F., 1963, Paleoecology of the type
Waccamaw (Pliocene?) outcrops: South Carolina: South—
eastern Geology, v. 5, no. 1, p. 27-68.

Dubowsky, N. W., 1939, Zur Kenntniss der Ostracodenfauna

' des Schwarzen Meer: Trav. Sta. Biol., Karadagh, v. 5., p.
3—68, text figs. 1—68.

Edwards, R. A., 1944, Ostracoda from the Duplin marl (upper
Miocene) of North Carolina: Jour. Paleontology. v. 18, p.
505-528, pls. 85-88.

Gardner, Julia, 1943, Mollusca from the Miocene and lower
Pliocene of Virginia and North Carolina, Part I, Pelecy—
poda: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 199—A, 178 p., 23 pls.

1948, Mollusca from the Miocene and lower Pliocene of
Virginia and North Carolina; pt. 2, Scaphopoda and
Pelecypoda: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 199—B, p. 179.
310, pls. 24—38.

Hazel, J. E., 1967, Classification and distribution of the Recent
Homicytheridae and Trachyleberididae (Ostracoda) off

 

 

 

 

 

 

OSTRACODA FROM THE WACCAMAW FORMATION

northeastern North America: US. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper
564, 49 p., 11 pls.

Howe, H. V., and others, 1935, Ostracoda of the Area, zone of
Choctawhatchee Miocene of Florida: Florida Dept. Con-
serv., Geol. Bull. 13, 47 p., 4 pls.

Hulings, N. C., 1966, Marine Ostracoda from Western North
Atlantic Ocean off the Virginia coast: Chesapeake Sci., v. 7,
p. 40—56.

Hulings, N. C., and Puri, H. S., 1965, The ecology of shallow
water Ostracoda of the west coast of Florida: Pub. Staz.
Zool., Napoli, v. 33, supp, p. 308—344, text figs. 1—17.

McLean, J. D., Jr., 1957, The Ostracoda of the Yorktown Forma-
tion in the York-James Peninsula of Virginia: Bull. Am.
Paleontology, v. 38, no. 167, p. 57—103, pls. 7—12.

Malkin, Doris S., 1953, Biostratigraphic study of Miocene
Ostracoda of New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia: Jour.
Paleontology. v. 27, p. 761—799, pls. 78—82, text figs. 1—14.

Miller, B. L., in Clark, W. B., and others, 1912, The Coastal
Plain of North Carolina: North Carolina Geol. and Econ.
Survey, v. 3, p. 250—258.

Moore, R. C.. and others, 1961, Treatise on invertebrate
paleontology, Part Q, Arthropoda 3, Ostracoda: New York,
Geol. Soc. America, and Lawrence, Kans., Kansas Univ.
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Miiller. G. W., 1894, Die Ostracoden des golfes von Neapel und
der Angrenzenden Meeres—Abschnitte: Naples Sta. Zool.,
Fauna und Flora des golfes von Neapel, Mono. 21, p. i—viii,
1—404, pls. 1—40.

1912 Ostracoda: in Das Tierreich. Eine zusammenstel-
lung und rezenten Tierformen. Im Auftriige der Ktinigl.
Preuss. Akad. Wiss. zu Berlin, no. 31, 443 p., 92 figs.

Pooser, W. K., 1965, Biostratigraphy of Cenozoic Ostracoda
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ropoda, Art. 8, p. 1—80, pls. 1—22, text figs. 1—7.

Puri, H. S., 1952, Ostracode genus Cythcrideis and its allies:
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text figs. 1-14.

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pls. 1—17, 14 text figs.

' 1958, Ostracode genus Cushmanidca: Gulf Coast Assoc.

Geol. Soc. Trans, v. 8, p. 171—181, 2 pls.

 

 

 

 

D33

1960, Recent Ostracoda from the west coast of Florida:
Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans, v. 10, p. 107—149, pls.
1—6.

Puri, H. S., Bonaduce, Gioacchino, and Malloy, John, 1964,
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33, supp, p. 87—199, figs. 1—67.

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1, General, v. 2, Generic descriptions; Amsterdam, Elsevier,
v. 1, p. 1—204, v. 2, p. 1—478.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INDEX

 

[Italic page numbers indicate major references and descriptions]

 
 

  
 
 
 

   
  

 

 

 

 

 
    

   

 

 

 

  
 

 

   

A Page

Acknowledgments ____________________________ D5
Acrelinelle _________________ ._ 6
Actlnocylherels _______________________ 14, 15
exenthemele ____________ 3, 4, 14; pl. 2, text fig. 12
gomillionensis _________________________ 14, 16

gomlllionemls __________ .. 14,16

merylendice ______________ 14
Acuticylherels ................ _ 27

laem'ssime _________________________________ 27

punctele ______________________________ 27

multipunclele __________ 28
Alelecz/lhere ____________________ 19
elbule, Cytheromorphe ________ 26
emerlcane, Plerygocylhereis _______ 3,

4, 5, 19,‘ pl. 2, text fig. 18
Area _________________________

zone _____________________
eshermem', Cytheridei: ________

Hulingame ________________

Pontocylhere ....... 3, 4, 5, 10; pls. 2, 6, text fig. 8
eurentie, Cythere. 31
Aurila ________________________________________ 28, 24

confregose ________________________________ 22

comedi __________________

conredi _______________ 3, 23; pl. 5, text fig. 20

leevicule......_ 3, 21,; pl. 5
(Aurile), Mulllus _____________________________ 23
Auria _________________________________________ 23
euslrelis, Lozoconche __________________________ 4

B
Beirdle _______________________________________ 6
leevicule ............ 3, 7; pls. 1, 7, text fig. 5
6
6
3, 4, 6; pl. 1, text fig. 4
Bairdiidae _______________ - _____________________ 5
Beirdoppilete _________________________________ 6

merlynL... ________ 6

triengulete ...... 3, 4, 5, 6‘,- pl. 1, text figs. 2, 3
Besslerelle ................... 27

mlocem’ce ................................. 27
beseleri, Heplocytheridee _______________________ 7
Besslerltes ..................... 27

giganticus _______________ 3, 27; pl. 4, text fig. 23
Bensonocylhere ________________________________ 29
Bensonocylhere whilei... 3, 17, 29; pl. 5, text fig. 28
bicerinela, Cylherez‘a ___________________________ 21
blenpiedz', Heplocytheridee.. 3, 8; pl. 1
Brachycytheridae ............................ 19
bredyi, Cylherz’dee (Heplocylheridee) ___________ 8

Heplocytheridea ............. 3, 4, 5, 8; pls. 1, 2
Buntom’e gerretti ............. 15
Bylhocypris .................. 5

howei _____________________________________ 5

wicamlcoensia _________________________ 3, 5; pl. 1
Bythocythere tenulssime. _ 32
Bythocytherldae ____________ 20

C
celhounensls, Cylheretle __________________ 3, 20,- pl. 6
Cempylocylhere _______________________________ 27, 29
leeve ____________ 3, 27, 29; pls. 2, 6, text fig. 27
leevissime _____ 3, 4, 5, 27,- pls. 6, 7, text figs. 24, 25
punctete... _________________ 28; pl. 7
multipunclale _____________ 28; pl. 6, text fig. 26

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    

   
 
   

Page

Campylocytheridae __________________________ D27
Campylocytherinae __________________________ 27
Cancellerz’e _____ . 30,31
Ceuditee ______________________________________ 22, 23
medielis ___________________________________ 22
sellerdsz' ______________________________ 3, 22,-p1. 6

Sp ________________________________ 3, 22; pls. 5—7
cellulose, Cylherc . 11
Hemicytherure ____________________________ 11
choclewhetcheensia, Cytheropleron ________ 3, 13,- pl. 3
Xesloleberis _________________________ 3, 31; pl. 6
Choctawhatchee Formation __________________ 2
Clelocytherela _________________ 15
mundorf/l __________________________ 3, 15; pl. 2
complete, Cylhere _____________________________ 13
confregose, Aen'le _____________________________ 22
Hemicylhere ______________________________ 21
Mutilus ..... . 3, 4, 5,21; pls. 4, 5, 7
conredi, Aurile. _ . ____________________________ 4, 23
Aurila conredi ____________ 3, 25; pl. 5, text fig. 20
Hemicythere _____________________________ 23
conredl, Aurz'le ___________ 3, 23; pl. 5, text fig. 20
convexe, Cythere _____ 23
Costa _________________________________________ 16
coslela, Cylherme ________________________ 3,12; pl. 4
crenekeyensis, Leptocythere ____________________ 18
cunieformis, Cythere ............... 30
Xenacylhere _____________ 31
curte, Culheromorphe ____________________ 3, 5, 26, p1
Cushman, J. A, quoted _________________ 5
Cylindrus _____________________________________ 20
Cyprideis floridane ____________________________ 7
ovate __________ _ 7
Cythere eurenlia ______________________________ 31
cellulose __________________________________ 11
compleze __________________________________ 13
camera ___________________________________ 23
cunieformis. . _ 30
ezenlhemele _______________________________ 14
fischeri ____________________________________ 26
lalz'sslme __________________________________ 13
micule ____________________________________ 16
restromerginele. . 15
rhomboz’dee ________________________________ 24
ruglpunclele ______________________________ 18
simpler ___________________________________ 20
veeghem‘ __________________________________ 21
Cylhereis blcerinete.. ______ _ 21
gerrelti ____________________________________ 15
jonesz‘z‘ ____________________________________ 19
rugipunctete ______ . 18
triplislriele. . ______ _ 16
veughem’ ________________ _ 21
(Mutilus) leticancellele ____________________ 21
Cylherette _____________________________________ 20
celhounensla. 3, 20; pl. 6
rubre. . ________ . 20
Cytherettldee __________________ _ 20
Cylheridee montgomeryensis ___________________ 7
puncticillele ______________________________ 8
selipunclete ............. _ 7
(Heplocytheridee) bredmfi _ 8
ponderoae ___________ . 7

wedel _________________________________ 8
Cytherideidae ________________________________ 7
Cytherideinae ________________________________ 7

 

 

  
 
 
 
 
  

  

  

 

   
   

Page

Cytherideis eshermem' ......................... D10
longule ___________________________________ 10
rugipustulose _ 9
semicirculeris _____________________________ 10
wilbem’ ___________________________________ 9
Cylheromorphe ________________________________ 26
elbule ____________________________________ 26
curte _______________ 3, 5, 26; pl. 5
pascagoulemz’s _ . 5
subminule. . 30
Cylheropleron ..... 13
choclewhelcheensis ____________________ 3, 13; pl. 3
nodose ______________________________ 11
yorklownensis. __ 3 13 pl 4, text fig 11
Cylherure - _ __ _. ___________________ 12
coslete _______________________________ 3, 12; pl. 4
elongate _________________________ 3, 4, 5, 12; pl. 6
forulete. 3, 5, 12; pl. 5, text fig. 10
gibbe____ __________________ 12
Cythemridae. _______________ 11
Cylherurine ___________________________________ 11

D
delumbele, Occullocylhereis ____________________ 17
depressa, Pereeythen'dee ______________ 11
Digmopteron ......... 19
Duplin Marl._ 2, 4
E

Echinocytherels ________________________________ 15
gerretti _________ 3, 4, 5, 15; pl. 4, text fig. 13
Ecphore ______________________________________ 30, 31
elongate, Cytherure. 3, 4, 5, 12; pl. 6
Elcylheropleron. . . _________________ 13
yorklownemis. _____________________ 13
Eueylherure ___________________________ 13
wel'rwelall _________________________________ 14

3, 13; pl. 5
ezenthemete,Actinocythereis.. 3, 4, 14:p1. 2, text fig. 12

 

 

Cythere ___________________________________ 14
gomillionemis, Actlnocylhereis __________ . 14, 16
’I‘rechyleberls ______________________________ 14

F
Fevelle ________________ 18

 
 
 
 
 
 

 

  

  

   

mesicoslelis. _ _ 19
puelle. _ _ .__ 18
rugipunctale _________________________ 18
Fimbrie ________________________________ 19
fischeri, Cylhere. __________ 26
floridene, Cyprideis. _______________________ 7
forulele, Cylherure ________ 3, 5, 12; pl. 5, text fig. 10
G
gerrelli, Buntonie _____________________________ 15
Cythereis __________________________________ 15
Echinocythereis_ 3,4, 5, 15; pl. 4, text fig. 13
gibbe, Cytherure.. __________________________ 12
gigenlee, Heplocylheridee ______________________ 8
gigenticue, Basslerltes _________ 3, 27,- pl. 4, text fig. 23
gomilllonensis, Actinocythereis ______ _., 14,16
Actinocythereis exenlhemete. . ._ 14, 16
gueymenensis, Pleraloze ______________________ 26
gunteri, Murreyine ____________________________ 2

D35

D36

 

 

 

   

 

 

  
 
 
 

   
   

 
  

 

H Page
Haplocytheridea ............................... D7
bassleri ,,,,, 7
blanpiedi ______________________________ 3,8; pl. 1
bradyi .......................... 3, 4, 5,8; pls. 1,2
gigantea ..... 8
ponderosa _____ 7
proboscidiala _______ 8
acupuncture ...................... 3, 4, 7; pls. 1, 7
subovata __________________________________ 8
wadei ....................... 8
(Haplocytheridea) bradyi, Cytheridea ___________ 8
ponderosa, Cytheridea. . . .. ._ ., 7
wadei, Cytheridea _________________________ 8
Hemicythere .................................. 24
confragosa. 21
conradi.. 23
laem'cula. 24
aellardai __________________________________ 22
Hemicytheridae .............................. 20
Hemicytherideis. 9
Hemicytheruru. 11
cellulose. - 11
howei ____________________ 3, 11; pl. 4, text fig. 9
howei, Bythocypris ____________________________ 5
Hemicytherura ___. 3, 11; pl. 4, text fig. 9
Jonesz‘a. . _
Kangarina"
Murrayz‘na ________________
Xestoleberis ........... 3, 31; pls. 6, 7, text fig. 30
Hulingsina ___________________________________ 9
ashermam’.
wilberti _____________
hyalokystis, Toulmim'a ________________________ 30
J
Jonesia _______________________________________ 20
howei ______________________________ 3, 20; pl. 4
jonesiz', Cythereis .............................. 19
Jugosocythereis. ______________________________ 21
K
Kangarina ____________________________________ 11
howez‘ _____________________________________ 11
L
laeva, Campylocythere" 3, 27, 29; pls. 2, 6, text fig. 27
laevicula,Aur1'la _________________________ 3, 24; pl. 5
Bairdia ________________ 3, 7; pls. l, 7, text fig. 5
Hemicythere ........... 24
laevissima, Acuticytherez‘s. ___ 27

 

CampylocythereA 3, 4, 5, 27; pls. 6, 7, text figs. 24, 25

 

punctata, Acuticythereis _______________________ 27
Campylocythere ____________________ 28; pl. 7
laticancellata, Cythereis (Mutilus) .............. 21
latissima, Cythere _____________________________ 13
Leguminocythereis ____________________________ 99
whitei. ___________________________________ 29
Leptacythere cranekeyensis _____________________ 18
Leptocytheridea _______________________________ 7
lienenklausi, Muellerina ______ 3, 16; pl. 3, text fig. 15
langula, Cytherideis ___________________________ 10
Loraconcha. _ _.__.
austmlis ......
matagordensis _____________________________ 4
purisubrhomboidea ________________________ 3,

4, 5, 24, 25;]118. 3, 7, text fig. 210, I)

reticularis. _ __ 3, 25, pl. 4, text fig. 22

  
 

 

rhamboideu..__ _______________ 26
subrhomboidea _______ 25
wilbem‘ ________ 3, 4, 24; pls. 3, 7, text fig. 21A, B
Loxoconchidae _______________________________ 24
Lorocamiculum _______________________________ 26
sp _________________________________ 3, 26; pls. 3, 4
Lozoleberis ____________________________________ 24
Luvula _______________________________________ 20

 

 

 
   

 
 

   

 

    

INDEX
M Page
Machaerina __________________________________ D32
20
Macrocytherimz ________________________________ 20
Murrayma ________________________________ 16
Trachyleben‘s. 16
martyni, Bairdia _________________ 6
martym', Bairdoppz'lata ___________ 6
marylandica, Actinocythereis ___________________ 14
matagordensis, Loroconcha _____________________ 4
mayeri, Pontocythere _______ 4
medialis, Caudites“ .......... 22
mesz’costalis, Favella 19
Puriamz ___________________________ 3,19, pls 4, 5
micula, Cythere ________________________ ___. 16
Trachyleberis. _ 16
miocentca, Baaslerella __________ _ 27
montgomeryensis, Cytheridea._._ _ 7
Moorema _____________________________________ 11
Morrisitma ____________________________________ 6
Muellerina..- 16
Muellerina lienenklausi _____ 3, 16; pl. 3, text fig. 15
multipunctata, Acuticythereis __________________ 28
Campylocythere .......... 28; pl. 6, text fig. 26
mundorfi‘i, Cletocythereis ........... ___ 3, 15; pl. 2
Trachyleberis ......... 15

M unseyella...
subminuta. _

Murrayina ____________________________________ 16, 17
gunteri ____________________________________ 2

 

 

 
 
 
 

 

 

 
   

 

  

 

 

 

  

M utilus ____________________________________ 21, 22, 23
confragosa __________________ 3, 4, 5, 21; pls. 4, 5, 7
(Aurila) ___________________________ _.__ 23

(Mutilus) laticancellata, C’ythereis ______________ 21

N

Neocaudites ___________________________________ 16‘
nevianu 16
lriplistriata" 3 16 pl 3, text fig 14

Neocytherideinae_. 9

Nesidea _______________________________________ 6
tuberculata ________________________________ 6

nevianii, Neocaudites _______ _ 16

nodosa, Cytheropteron _________________________ 11
Paracytheridea ____________________________ 11

Normam'a. ___________________________________ 24

O

Occultocythereis _______________________________ 17
delumbaia. _______________________________ 17
Sp ___________________________________ 3, 18; pl. 5

01107117141 _____________________________________ 20
vaughani. - 3, 21; pl. 4, text fig. 19

ouata, Cyrprideis _______________________________ 7

P

Paracytheridea _____________________ 11
depressa. 11
nodosa ___________________________ 11
vandenboldi ________________________ 3, 4, 11; pl. 2

Pascagoulensis, Cytheromorpha . _ . _ .. ___..- 5

Pectocytheridae _______________ _ _ _ .30

Phractocytherz'dea _______________ _ _ _ - 7

ponderosa, Cytheridea (Haplocythen'dea). _ . .._- 7
Haplocytheridea ___________________________ 7

Pontocythere _______________ 9
ashermam‘ ___________ 3, 4, 10; pls. 2, 6, text fig. 8

Pontucythere mayeri 4
Tugz'pustulosa _______________ 3, 9; pl. 1, text fig. 7
tchemjawskii ______________________________ 9
wilberti ______________ 3, 9, pls. 1,2, text fig. 6

Prionocytheretta ____________________ 20

proboscidiala, Haplocytherideaw ________ 8

Progonoeytheridae ____________________________ 30

Progonocytherinae ____________________________ 30

Pseudocylheretta _______________________________ 20

 

Page
Pterigocytherez's ________________________________ D 19
Pteroloza ..................................... 25, 26

guaymanensis..

 
 
 

 
 

   
 

 

 
 

 

 

 
 

 

 
 
 

 

 
 

 

 

  
 
 
 

vem‘pumta.
sp _________
Pterygocythereis _______________________________ 1 9
amen‘cana ............ 3, 4, 5, 19; pl. 2, text fig. 18
--------- 4
paella, Favella... ______________ 18
punctata, Acuticytherew laevissima _____________ 27
Campylocythere laevissima ______________ 28, pl. 7
puncticillata, Cytheridea _______________________ 8
Puriana _____________________ __ 18
mesicostalis __________________ 3,19; pls. 4, 5
rugz‘punctata.. 3, 4, 5, 18, pls. 5, 7, text figs. 16, 17
punsubrhombmdes, Lozoconcha ________________ 3,
4, 5, 24, 25, pls. 3, 7, textfig. 210, D
R
rastramarginata, Cythere _______________________ 15
Rectotrachyleberis ______________________________ 16
triplistriata ________________________________ 16
reticularis, Lozoconcha ________ 3, 25; pl. 4, text fig. 22
rhomboidea, Bairdia ___________________________ 6
Cythere ___________________________________ 24
Lozoconcha _______________________________ 26
rubru, Cytheretta ______________________________ 20
rugipunctata, Cythere _________________________ 18
Cythereis _________________________________ 18
Favella... 18
Puriana... _ 3, 4, 5, 18; pls. 5, 7, text figs. 16, 17
Trachleberis- _________________ 18
rugipustulosa, Cytherideia _________ 9
Pontocythere ........... 3, 9, 10; pl. 1, text fig. 7
S
sellardsi, Caudites __________________ 3, 22; pl. 6
Hemicythere _____________ 22
semicircularis, Cytheridez's _____________________ 10
setipunctata, Oytheridea _______________________ 7
Haplocytheridea _________________ 3, 4, 7; pls. 1, 7
simpler, Cythere ______________________________ 20
subminula, Cytheromorpha ______ 3O
Munseyella ______________ 3, 30; pl. 5, text fig. 29
subovata, Haplocytheridea. ____________________ 8
subrhomboidea, Lozoconcha ____________________ 25
Systematic descriptions ______________________ 5
T
tchemjawskii, Pontocythere ____________________ 9
tenm‘ssima, Bythocythere- _ ..__ _1. 32
Toulmim’a __________________ __ 30
hyalokystis _____________________ 30
Trachyleberididae ____________________________ 14
’I‘rachyleben‘s ezanthemata _____________________ 14
martini _____________________ . 16
micula ______________________________ 16
mundorjffl“ ______________________ 15
rugipunctata ______________________________ 18
triplistriata _______________________________ 16
vaughani _________________________________ 21
triangularis, Xestoleberis __________________ __ 31
triangulata, Bairdoppilata _____________________ 3,
4, 5, 6, pl. 1, textfigs. 2, 3
Triginglymus _________________________ 29
whiteL _______________________ . 29
triplistriata, Cythereis __________________ 16
Neocaudites ______________ 3, 16; pl. 3, text fig. 14
RectotrachyleberiL 16
Trachyleberis __________________ 16
tuberculata, Bairdia __________ 3, 4, 6; pl. 1, text fig. 4
Nesidea ___________________________________ 6
Type locality, Waccamaw Formation _________ 2

 

 

V Page
vandenboldi, Paracytherz‘dea __________ D3, 4, 11; pl. 2
mughani, Cythere ________ 21
Cythereis .................................. 21
Oriom'na _________________ 3, 21; pl. 4, text fig. 19
Trachyleberis .............................. 21
venipuncla, Pteroloza _________________________ 25
ventrostriata, Xcslolebcris. 31
Vicinia ....................................... 11
W
Waccamaw River. ...........................
wadei, Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) ___________ 8

Haplocytheridea ___________________________ 8

INDEX

Page
weingeiati, Eucytherura. _ ___.-. D14
whitez', Benaonocz/there..._ 3, 17, 29, pl. 5, text fig. 28

 

  

 

Leguminocythereia ________________________ 29
Triginglymus _____________________________ 29
wicomicoemia, Bythocz/pris ___ 3, 5; pl. 1
wilberti, Cytherideis ____________ 9
Hulingsina _____________ 9
Lozoconcha.-._ 3, 4, 24; pls. 3, 7, text fig. 21A, B
Portion/there ____________ 3, 9; pls. 1, 2, text fig. 6
X
Xenocythere __________________________________ 30, 31
cunieformis _______________________________ 30
sp ____________________________ 1 _______ 3, 81; pl. 6

D37

  
  
  
  

Page

Xestoleberididae _____________________________ D31
Xestoleberis ......................... 31
choc!awhatcheemis.. __________ 3, 31; pl. 6
howei __________ . 3, 31; pls. 6, 7, text fig. 30
triangularis. ................... 31
ventrosm‘ata _ _____________________________ 31
Xiphichilus ___________________________________ 32
sp ___________________________________ 3, 39; pl. 5

Y

Yorktown Formation ________________________ 2
yorktownensis, Cytheropterom}, 13; pl. 4, text fig. 11
Eocytheropteron ___________________________ 13

 

 

 

 

 

 

PLATES 1—7

 

 

PLATE 1

[All magnifications X 60]

FIGURES 1a, b. Bythocypris uicomicoensis Swain (p. D5). Right side and dorsal views of shell, loc. NC—l, upper zone.
2a, b. Bairdoppilata triangulata Edwards (p. D6). Right side and dorsal views of shell, loc. NC—l, upper zone.
3a, b. Bairdia cf. B. tuberculata Brady (p. D6). Right side and dorsal views of shell, loc. NC—5.
4a, b. Bairdia laemcula Edwards (p. D7). Right side and dorsal views of shell, 10c. NC—2, upper zone.
5a—c. Haplocytheridea setipunctata (Brady) (p. D7). a, b, Right side of two female shells. e, Ventral View of female shell.
All from 100. NC—3, upper zone.
6a, b. Haplocytheridea sp. aff. H. blanpiedi (Stephenson) (p. D8). Right side and dorsal views of shell, loc. NC~5.
7a, b. Haplocytheridea bradyi (Stephenson) (p. D8). Left side and ventral views of shell, Duplin Marl, Walkers Bluff
locality on southern bank of Cape Fear River, 9 miles below Elizabethtown, Bladen County, N.C., lower zone.
8a, b. Haplocytheridea bradyi (Stephenson) (p. D8) . Interior views of immature right and left valves, Duplin Marl, Walkers
Bluff locality, North Carolina, lower zone.
9a—f. Pontocythere of. P. wilberti (Puri) (p. D9). a, Interior of immature left valve, 100. NC—2. b, Exterior of immature
right valve, same locality. 0, Exterior of immature left valve, same locality. d, Right side of male shell, loc. NC—3,
upper zone. e, Interior of female left valve, loc. NC—2. f, Dorsal view of immature shell, same locality.
10. Pontocythere rugipustulosa (Edwards) (p. D9). Exterior of left valve, Duplin Marl, Walkers Bluff on southern bank
of Cape Fear River, 9 miles below Elizabethtown, Bladen County, N.C., upper zone.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIO AL PAPER 5734D PLATE 1

6:1,.”no-‘J ..-;
, .

A. .-M.:\-«"' ‘
a
{,w ,, ,4

1??

ACODA FROM THE WACCAMAW FORMATION, NORTH CA LINA AND SOUTH CAROLINA

 

FIGURES la—d.

2a—c.

3a, b.
4a, b.
5a—f.

PLATE 2

[All magnifications X 60]

Pontocythere ashermam' (Ulrich and Bassler) (p. D10). a, Right side of female shell, 10c. NC—3, upper zone. b, Dorsal
View of female shell, same locality. 0, Left side of male shell, same locality. d, Ventral view of male shell, same
locality.

Pontocythere cf. P. wilberti (Puri) (p. D9). 3., Right side of male shell. b, Dorsal View of shell. c, Left side of male
shell, 10c. NC—3, upper zone.

Campylocythere laeva Edwards (p. D29). Right side and dorsal views of shell, loc. NC—3, upper zone.

Paracytheridea cf. P. vandenboldi Puri (p. D11). a, Exterior of left valve. b, Interior of right valve, loc. NC—2.

Actinocytherez's exanthemata (Ulrich and Bassler) (p. D14). a, Left side of male shell, loc. NC—3. b, Right side of fe-
male shell, same locality. 0, Left side of male shell, 10c. NC—3. d, Right side of female shell, loc. NC—5. c, Dorsal
view of female shell, same locality. f, Left side of female shell, same locality.

. Cletocythereis? mundorfi‘i (Swain) (p. D15). Right side of shell, loc. NC—5.
7a—d.

Pterygocythereis sp. aff. P. americana (Ulrich and Bassler) (p. D19). a, Right side of shell, loc. NC—Z. b, Ventral
view of shell, same locality. c, Dorsal view of shell, same locality. d, Left side of shell, same locality.

. Haplocytheridea bradyi (Stephenson) (p. D8). Left side of shell, Waccamaw Formation, 100. 80—5.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 5’75er PLATE 2

 

OSTRACODA FROM THE WACCAMAW FORMATION, NORTH CAROLINA AND SOUTH CAROLINA

FIGURES la—d.

2a~h.

3a—d.
4a, b.

5a, b.
6a—c.

7a—e.

8a, b.

PLATE 3

[All magnifications X 60]

Neocaudz'tes triplistriata (Edwards) (p. D16). a, Right side of shell. b, Left side of shell. c, Dorsal view of shell. d,
Right side of shell. All are from 100. NC—3, upper zone.

Muellerina lienenklausi (Ulrich and Bassler) (p. D16). a, Interior of left valve 10c. NC—5. b, Right side of immature
shell, same locality. c, Dorsal View of shell, loc. NC—3. d, Dorsal view of immature shell, same locality. e, Right
side of shell, loc. NC—5. f, g, Right sides of immature shells, 10c. NC—3. h, Dorsal view of shell, Pliocene strata,
Pierce quarry locality, North Carolina.

Muellerina lienenklausi (Ulrich and Bassler). (p. D16). a, Interior of right valve, loc. NC—5. b, Right side of shell, same
locality. 0, Left side of shell, same locality. d, Dorsal view of shell, same locality.

M uellerina lienenklausi (Ulrich and Bassler). (p. D16). a, Left side of immature shell, loo. NC—5. b, Left side of shell,
same locality.

Murrayina? sp. (p. D17). a, Right side and dorsal views of shell, 10c. NC—l, upper zone.

Loxoconcha wilberti Puri. (p. D24). a, Right side of shell, loc. NC—5. b, Exterior of right valve, locality NC—l. 0, Right
side of shell, loc. NC—5.

Loxoconcha purisubrhamboidea Edwards. (p.D25). a, Ventral View of shell, Pleistocene, Longs, 8.0. b, Right side
of immature shell, loc. NC—5. 0, Left side of shell, same locality. (:1, Right side of immature shell, Pleistocene beds,
Longs, 8.0. c, Left side of female shell, loc. NC—5.

Loxocorm'culum sp. (p. D26). Left sides of two shells, male? and female?, respectively, Waccamaw Formation, 10c.
SC—5.

. Cytheropteron choctawhatcheensis Puri, (p. D13). Right side of a shell, Waccamaw Formation, loc. SC—lb.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 5’737D PLATE 3

 

OSTRACODA FROM THE WACCAMAW FORMATION, NORTH CAROLINA AND SOUTH CAROLINA

FIGURES

1.
2a—f.

4a—e.

5a, b.

7aec.

8a—e.

PLATE 4

[All magnifications X 60]

Loxocorniculum sp. (p. D26 ). Left side of shell, Pleistocene beds, Longs, S.C.

Loxoconcha reticularis Edwards (p. D25). a, Left side of female shell, loc. NC—3. b, Left side of female shell, loc. NC—5.
0, Right side of male shell, same locality. d, e, Dorsal views of two shells, loc. NC—3. f, Right side of female shell,
10c. NC—5.

Loxpconcha reticularis Edwards (p. D25). Right side of shell, loc. NC—l, a specimen with unusually sinuous dorsal
margin.

Oriom‘na vaugham' (Ulrich and Bassler) (p. D21). a, Left side of shell, loc. NC—3, upper zone. b, Right side of shell,
loc. NC—l. c, Ventral View of shell, loc. NC—3, upper zone. d, e, Interior of right and left valves, loc. NC—l.
Hemicytherura howei (Puri) (p. D11). Left side and dorsal views of shell, Duplin Marl, Walkers Bluff locality, on

southern bank of Cape Fear River, 9 miles downstream from Elizabethtown, Bladen County, N.C., upper zone.

Basslerites giganticus Edwards (p. D27). Exterior view of left valve, 100. NC—l, upper zone.

Cytheropteron yorktownensis (Malkin) (p. D13). a, Right side of shell, loc. NC—2. b, Left side of shell, same locality.
c, Dorsal View of shell, same locality.

Mutilus confragasa (Edwards) (p. D21). a, Right side of shell, loc. NC—l, upper zone. b, Interior of right valve, same
locality. 0, Left side of shell, same locality. d, Interior View of right valve, same locality. e, Right side of shell,
same locality, upper zone. 80 is a female shell; the others are either immature or male shells.

. Pteroloxa? sp. (p. D 25). Left side of shell, loc. SC—3.
10.
11.
12.
13.

Cytherura cf. C. costata Miiller (p. D12). Right side of shell, 100. 80—3.

Jonesia howei (Puri) (p. D20). Right side of shell, loc. SC—lb.

Echinocythereis garretti (Howe and McGuirt) (p. D15). Left side of shell, loc. SC—2.
Puriana mesicostalis (Edwards) (p. D19). Right side of shell, 100. 80—1.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 5737D PLATE 4

 

OSTRACODA FROM THE WACCAMAW FORMATION, NORTH CAROLINA AND SOUTH CAROLINA

FIGURES 1a, b.
2.
3a—d.

4a, b.
5a—c.

6a, b.

7a—i.

8a—c.

9a, b.
10.
11.
12.
13.

PLATE 5

[All magnifications X 60]

Eucytherura sp‘ (p. D13). Right side and dorsal views of shell, loc. NC—4, North Carolina.

Occultocythereis sp. (p. D18). Left side of shell, loe. NC—l.

Munseyella subminuta (Puri) (p. D30). a, b, Right side and dorsal views of shell, loc. NC-4. c, d, Left and right
sides of two shells, 100. 80—2,

Bensonocythere whitei (Swain) (p. D29). Right side and dorsal views of shell, loc. NC—3, upper zone.

Mutilus confragosa (Edwards) (p. D21). a, Left side of a shell, loc. NC~1, upper zone. b, c, Dorsal and ventral views
of shells, same locality.

Caudites? sp. (p. D22). Duplin Marl, Walkers Bluff locality, southern bank of Cape Fear River, 9 miles below Eliza-
bethtown, Bladen County, N.C., lower zone.

Aurila conradi conradi (Howe and McGuirt) (p. D23). a, Right side of shell, loc. NC—3, upper zone. bef, Left sides of
several shells, same locality. g, Right side of shell, same locality. h, i, Interior views of right and left valves of
a shell, same locality, 7e, h, and i are mature females; 7d and g are males; the others are immature? females.

Puriana rugipunctata (Ulrich and Bassler) (p. D18). a, Right side of shell, loc. NC~3, upper zone. b, Left side of
shell, same locality. 0, Right side ,of shell, same locality.

Cytheromorpha curta Edwards (p. D26). Left valve views of male? and female? shells, loc. 80—4 and 80—1 respectively.

Cytherura forulata Edwards (p. D12). Right side of shell, 10c. SC—3.

Xiph’ichilus? sp. (p. D32). Right side of shell, loc. SC—5.

Aurila laevicula (Edwards) (p. D24). Right side of carapace, loc. SCI—5.

Puritma mesicostalis (Edwards) (p. D19). Left side of carapace, loc. SC—l.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573—D PLATE 5

I.~
.-U“'~¢ 6

J";>

n.n19 *

 

OSTRACODA FROM THE WACCAMAW FORMATION, NORTH CAROLINA AND SOUTH CAROLINA

FIGURES 1a, b.
2a, b.

3.

4.

5a—d.

7a—c.

9a, b.
10a—c.

Ila—c.

12a, b.
13.
14.
15a, b.

PLATE 6

[A 11 magnifications X 60]

Campylocythere laevissima (Edwards) (p. D27) Right side and dorsal views of female shell, loc. NC—5.

Campylocythere laem‘ssima (Edwards) (p. D27) Left sides of two male shells, 10c. NC—3, upper zone.

Campylocythere laevissima (Edwards) (p. D27) Interior of female? left valve, 100. NC—l, North Carolina.

Pontocythere ashermani (Ulrich and Bassler) (p. D10). Left side of shell, Duplin Marl, Walkers Bluff locality, south-
ern bank of Cape Fear River, 9 miles below Elizabethtown, Bladen County, N.C., lower zone.

Campylocythere multipunctata (Edwards) (p. D28). a, Right side of shell, Duplin Marl, Walkers Bluff locality,
North Carolina, lower zone. b, Left side of shell, same locality. c, Dorsal view of shell, same locality. d, Ventral

View of shell, same locality.

. Campylocythere laem’ssima (Edwards) (p. D27). Right side of shell, loc. NC—3, upper zone.

Campylocythere laeva Edwards (p. D29). a, Right side of female shell, loc. NC—2. b, Right side of female shell, loc.
NC—3, upper zone. 0, Dorsal View of 7a.

. Campylocythere laevissima (Edwards) (p. D27). Interior of immature left valve, 100. NC—l.

Xenocythere? Sp. (p. D31). Right side and dorsal views of shell, 10c. NC—5.

Xestolebem's choctawhatcheensis Puri (p. D31). a Left side of shell, loc. NC—3. b, Right side of shell, same locality.
c, Dorsal View of b.

Cytherum elongate Edwards (p. D12). a, b, Left sides of a female and a male shell, Duplin Marl, Walkers Bluff,
southern bank of Cape Fear River, 9 miles below Elizabethtown, Bladen County, N.C., lower zone. c, Dorsal
View of male? shell, Duplin Marl, Walkers Bluff locality, North Carolina, lower zone.

Caudites sellardsi (Howe and Neill) (p. D22). Left side and dorsal View of shell, loe. NCA3, upper zone.

Caudites? sp. (p. D22). Right side of shell, loc. NC—5.

Cytheretla cf. C. calhounensis Smith (p. D20). Right side of poorly preserved shell, loc. SC75.

Xestoleberis howei Puri (p. D31). Dorsal view and left side of two shells, loc. SC—4.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573—D PLATE 6

 

OSTRACODA FROM THE WACCAMAW FORMATION, NORTH CAROLINA AND SOUTH CAROLINA

FIGURES 1a, b.

2.
3a—c.

.‘lSmF’Hh

8a—c.

9a, b.

PLATE 7

Haplocytheridea setipunctata (Brady) (p. D17). a, Anterior half of left valve, from interior, in transmitted light,
100. NC—l, X 95. b, Enlargement of part of anterior margin showing radial canals, X 325.

Bairdia laem'cula Edwards (p. D7). Interior of left valve by transmitted light, 10c. SC—2, X 78.

Mutilus confragosa (Edwards) (p. D21). a, Interior of right valve by transmitted light, 100. NC—l, X 78. b, Enlarge-
ment of part of anterior margin showing radial canals, X 325. c, Enlargement of part of posterior margin, X 325.

Puriana rugz’punctata (Ulrich and Bassler) (p. D18). Interior of right valve by transmitted light, 100. SC—3, X 78.

Xestolebem's howei Puri (p. D31). Interior of left valve by transmitted light, 100. SC—4, X 95.

Loxoconcha wilberti Puri (p. D24). Interior of right valve by transmitted light, 100. NC—l, X 78.

Loxoconcha purisubrhomboidea Edwards (p. D25). Interior of right valve by transmitted light, 100. 80—4, X 78.

Caudites? sp. (p. D22). a, Interior of right valve by transmitted light, Duplin Marl, Walkers Bluff, N.C., X 45.
b, Enlargement of part of anterior margin showing radial canals, X 325. c, Enlargement of part of posterior margin
showing radial canals, X 325.

Campylocythere laevissima punctata (Edwards) (p. D27). a, Interior of left valve by transmitted light, 100. NC~1
X 95. b, Enlargement of muscle scar, X 325.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573—D PLATE 7

 

OSTRACODA FROM THE WACCAMAW FORMATION, NORTH CAROLINA AND SOUTH CAROLINA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

unfit... $60.5"