START UC BERKELEY MASTER NEGATIVE STORAGE NUMBER 99-156.1 (National version of master negative storage number: CU SN99156.1) MICROFILMED 1999 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY PHOTOGRAPHIC SERVICE USAIN State and Local Literature Preservation Project Funded in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities REPRODUCTION AVAILABLE THROUGH INTERLIBRARY LOAN OFFICE MAIN LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY, CA 94720-6000 COPYRIGHT The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materials including foreign works under certain conditions. In addition, the United States extends protection to foreign works by means of various international conventions, bilateral agreements, and proclamations. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be "used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research." If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of "fair use," that user may be liable for copyright infringement. University of California at Berkeley reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright law. Patty, Willard Walter Vocational education In agriculture; a comparative study of the administration of the Smith-Hughes Act... [Berkeley, Calif.] [1919] BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD TARGET University of California at Berkeley Library USAIN State and Local Literature Preservation Project Master negative storage number: 99-156.1 | (national version of master negative storage number: CU SN99156.1) FORMAT: BK LEVEL: r ISBN: GLADIS#: 33785345D LANG: eng CNTRY: cau LCON: MOD: 980221/NRL ME: Patty, Willard Walter, 1892- Tl: Vocational education in agriculture; a comparative study of the administration of the Smith-Hughes Act written in connection with a course in agricultural education 202 in the University of California IM: [Berkeley, Calif., 1919] CO:ii, 95, iv CALL: 8533.P33 Microfilmed by University of California Library Photographic Service, Berkeley, CA FILMED AND PROCESSED BY LIBRARY PHOTOGRAPHIC SERVICE, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, 94720 DATE 10/99 REDUCTION RATIO: 10 PM-1 31,"x4" PHOTOGRAPHIC MICROCOPY TARGET NBS 1010a ANSI/ISO #2 EQUIVALENT I 0 Eke pz = wl 22 rE = fu 2 1 l= =" 5 = 125 Jit, pus 4 ND 1, eX & NG Ca LH 0 y P 4 A < oH \ © © L \ > 4H oP UKIVERSITY CFCALIFC™ MAVISION OF VOCATIONAL El... ol IOAN, CALIFORNIA Vocational Education in Agriculture A comparative study of the administration of the Smith-Hughes Act for the promotion of Vocational Rducation in Agriculture by ard OW. Patty Written in connection with a course in Agricultural Education 202 in the University of California, during the Fall Semester 1919 Prepared under the Direction of Professor P. L. Griffin, Associate Frofessor of Agricultural Education / : 9 §3z ; (y 3 (a {1 z cee , ; fa %. va CONTENTS I. Brief digest of Pederal law, the Smith-Hughes Act of Vocational Education, with specidl reference to the fundamental conditions and requirements of Agriculture 0 w.e Wd Wd le. 4 F&F 4 a vid] ew 4 II. General discussion of the operation of the act in the various atatems’ «i. Wa wanted «LL «5-11 A. Conditions, standards, requirements, and methods that seem to be more or less uniform in the in the United States, including state plan of organization for administration . . . 5 - 8 B. Brief mention of original methods, and peculiar conditions and Statida~ds . , . Jo, « 8 «- 11 III. Studies of representative states. . . . . . . +o 13« 79 A, Individual, Summarized studies of representative Bates. ', :. ,.. . . a TEES a, B. Individual, suggested Courses of Study of representative states. . . . . . « + +00= 79 IV. Summarized impressions and recommendations, based upon a comparative study of methods of various BEB500 » +x vv cv. e a, . 80D MB1O506 Vv. Suggestive four year Course OF Stuy 4. uv « + v VI. California Sey fL% vw vosivleiwiele a eels A. Act of adoption Li0. 0s Te de alley os » B. Method of procedure in establishment of Vocational Courses in Agriculture under the Smith-Hughes Act in Oalifornia . . i... . Ce. Pinancial aid to be expected. . D. Professional aid to be expected Vil. Bibliography l. Brief digest of Pederal law, the Smith- Hughes Act for the Promotion of Vocational Education, with special reference to the fundamental conditions and requirements of Agriculture. (The Smith-Hughes Act signed February 23,1917.) "An Act to provide for the promotion of vocational education; to provide for co-operation with the states in the promotion of such education in agriculture and in the trades and industries; to provide for co-operation with the states in the preparation of teachers of vocational subjects; and to appropriate money and regulate its expenditure.” A+. Financial provisions of the Act. 1. For the purpose of co-operating with the states in paying the salaries of teachers, supervisors, or directors of agricultural subjects, the following appropriations are made: For fiscal year, ending June 30, 1918, $500,000; fiscal year 1919, $750,000; fiscal year 1930, 81,000,000; fiscal year 1931, $1,250,000; fiscal year 1922, $1,500,000; fiscal year 19233, 81,750,000; fiscal year 1924, $2,000,000; fiscal year 1925, $2,500, 000; fiscal year 1926 and annuall y thereafter 5,000,000. Sum allotted to each state in proe portion which its rural population bears to the total rural population of the U. S. Proviso: No state shall receive annually less than $5000, prior to 1933, nor less than $10,000 after that year; deficiency appropriations to provide this "minimum allotment". For the purpose of co-operating with the states in preraring teachers, supervisors and directors of agricultural subjects and the teachers of trade and industrial and home economics subjects the following appropria- tions are made: For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1918, $500,000; fiscal year 1919, $700,000; fiscal year 1920, $00,000; fiscal year 1921 and annually thereafter, %1,000,000. Sum allotted to state in proportion which its population bears to total population of U. 9. Proviso: No state shall receive annually less than 25,000 annually prior to 1919, nor less than $10,000 after that year; deficiency SPDIopriasions to provide this "minimum allot- men ® : The sum of $200,000 is appropriated for the administration of the act, for the payment of salaries of officers and assistants, etc. Board may allot any ragt of this appropriation to any U. 8. Department' or bureau for the purpose of making any study or investigation contemplated in this act. Appropriations herein made to be expended only for salaries of teachers, supervisors, or directors, as herein provided. The cost of instruction supplementarv to the instruction in agricultural subjects provided for in this act, necessary to build up a well-rounded course of training, shall be borne by the state and and local communities, and no part of the cost thereof shall be borne out of the appropriations herein made. Appropriations conditioned that the state or local community, or both, shall expend an equal amount for salaries. 5. In order to secure the benefits of this act, state shall, through legislative authority thereof, accept the provisions of this act, and designate or appoint a state board, consisting of not less than three membere, and having power to co- operate with the Federal Board of Vocation- al Education. After June 30, 1920, np state shall receive any appropriation for salaries of teachers, supervisors, or directors of agricultural subjects until it has taken advantage of at least the minimum amount appropriated for the trainee ing of teachers, supervisors, or directors of agricultural subjects. To secure the benefits of appropriation, State board "shall prepare plans showing the kinds of vocational education for which it is proposed that the appropriation shall be used; the kinds of schools and equipment; courses of study; methods of instruction; qualifications of teachers; and, in the case of agricultural subjects, plans for the supervision of agricultural education." Such plans to be submitted to the Federal board. State board shall report annually to the Federal board on or bsfore September In order to receive the benefits of this act, State board shall provide in its plan for agricultural education that it shall be under public supervision or control; that its purpose shall be to fit for useful employment; that it shall be of less than college grade and designed for persons over 14 years of age; that the state or local community, or both, shall provide plant and equipment as determined upon by State board, with approval of Pederal board; that amount expended for any school or class shall not be less than amount fixed by State board with approval of Pederal board, for such schools or classes in the state; that such schools shall provide for supervised prace ‘tice in agriculture for at least six months per year; that teachers shall have at least minimum qualifications determined by State board with approval of Federal board, II. General discussion of the operation of the act in the various states. A. Conditions, standards requirements and methcds that seem to be more or less uniform in the different states, including the state plan of organization for administration. Practically all states have now made provision for the supervision and administration of the act by providing, in addition to the State Board of Vocational Education posi- tively required by law, a State Director of Vocational Fducation, a State Supervisor of Agricultural Education, a State Supervisor of Industrial Education, and a State Super- visor of Home Economics Instruction. These officers are the administrators of the Act in the state through power delegated to them by the State board. They make investigations and surveys, promote the establishe ment of vocational classes, approve or disapprove echools applying for aid, supervise instruction, hold conferences with vocational teachers, supervise the teacher~training work, prepare the state annual report to the Pederal board, and Sowoperate with all agencies im carrying out the policy of the 8tate and Pederal boards with regard to vocational educa= It is required that vocational education, in order to be approved for aid, must: 1. Be given under public supervision and control. Have as its definite aim to fit for useful emp loyment. Be designed to meet the needs of persons over fourteen years of age. Be of less than college grade. The teacher of agriculture must be hired for 12 months. Provide for, at least six months super- vised practice work. In twenty of the twenty-three states, given special attention in this study, the project method is used in securing the required practice work. In addition to the twenty statee that require the project as an integral part of the course, Missouri recommends the Class "A" project which is the method of making the individual project the controlling factor in choice of subject matter for study in the allied subjects of the year's work. Seven of the states referred to require projects of this clases "A" type. Thirteen states require project work of the class "B" type, a type of practical work; but where the method is not to group the course about the project. In this method the project might be in a line of farm work that bore no relation to the agricultural subjects being studied at school. The state of Oregon requires type "D" of practice work, consisting of six months farm practice. They - recommend home project work of type "BY, however. Twelve of the twenty-three states provide specifi- cally for transportation for the instructor at the district expense. This provision is recommended; but not required in several other states. The states uniformly require laboratory equipment costing at least $350. A considerable number have set this minimum at $500. All states require, as minimum preparation of instructors, at least two years of practical farm exper- ience, graduation from a standard Agricultural College, and sympathy with rural life. For directors and supervisors the same standard plus three years successful teaching experience of Agriculture is usually required. The four year course is now in general operation, although in some of the smaller schools it is advisable to combine the work of the first year with the third, and the second with the fourth in order not to waste the instructor's time; and operate with a minimum number of teachers. B. Brief mention of original methods, and peculiar conditions and standards. There are two peculiar features of the Iowa plan. It provides that, in cities over 5000 in papulation, the local Board of Education shall appoint a local advisory committee for vocational education, composed of persons ex- perienced in Agriculture, Industry, Home Economics, or Business. The other feature ie that the instructor must give his entire time to an agriculture class of 10 members ; and under no circumstances may include more than 30 in his instruction. All of the states studied, except Arizona, set a minimum salary to be paid instructors of Vocational Agri- culture. In most cases this minimum is quite liberal. There is a variance for white teachers from #1200 to 21500 as annual state minimum. A peculiarity of the Georgia plan is the establishment of a minimum for negro teachers of £500 per year. Florida pays negro teachers of Agriculture $600 ber year, and white teachers $1500 minimum. A strong feature of the Florida plan is the detailed completeness of the teacher-training course. The Georgia plan gives unusual attention to field supervision, a very desirable feature. Georgia has several agricultural schools under state control. The white schools seem to be of high school grade, while the negro agricultural schools appear to be of elementary grade. The suzgested courses of study for Kentucky, Montana, and Tennessee might be adversely criticized, as courses in Vocational Agriculture, because of the unusual proportion of attention given to classical English. Each provides for four years of standard Friglish. A desirable feature of the bulletin edited by the Tennessee Department is the helpful and comprehensive bibliography for the use of teachers. Space does not permit all the desirable and undesire able peculiarities of the situations and plans of the various states. Something should be said, however, in recard to the practice work which is being done in the various states. As was previously mentioned { in II A ), practically all the states are using some form of the project method. One feature of the home project work in Colorado is the method of giving credit. One unit of credit is given for a successe- ful project carried out to specifications. This is on a basis of 50% for field work, 25% for records, and 256% on exhibit at County Fair. A grade of 75% is required for The North Carolina plan lays more than the usual stress on the schoel farm, recommending from 50 to 100 acres of land, stocked up with the best grade of animals etce In North Carolina the failure of a teacher of Agriculture, who has the operation of a school farm, to provide a good garden, both Summer and Winter, should be considered just cause for withholding State and Federal appropriations. The requirement in Orecon is for eix months farm practice; but the project is given a recommendation as practice work. The work in Massachusette is featured by the unusual ly successful development of the home project method of instruction. There the instruction is really grouped about the project. The allied work of the student is correlated with his project. The work in that state has been developed under the direction of Prof. Stimson who is the author of an interesting bock, " Vocational Agricultural Education, by the Home Project Method. "California's plan is character= ized by a strict adherence to the spirit as well as to the letter of the Federal law. The emphasis is strongly on the practical. The class "A" type of home project predominates in the course. The course of study is featured by the emphasis on the farm application of subjects. One feature peculiar to the Utah plan is their variety of plans for supervised practice work. They require home projects; and provide four types of projects: (1) Individual ownership Method. (2) Individual Lease Method. (3) Apprenticeship Method. (4) Home Employment Method. Studies of Representative States List of representative states included. Arizona California Connecticut Colorado Florida Georgia Iowa Illinois Kentucky Massachusetts Missouri Montana Michigan Nebraska New York North Carolina Oregon Oklahoma South Dakota Texas Tennessee Utah Virginia Questions Answered in the Following Summarized sudy oO Agricultural Education in fre Various States under the 1, Se Se 4 Se Ge 7. 8. Smith-Augnes Act, Agricultural 3chools; or High School Departments? Ie plot of ground required at the school? What is minimum requirement for laboratory equip= ment? What ie minimum enrollment required for approval; and aid? Fercentage of salaries of instructors paid by State? Community? Is "Home Project" method required? If eo, does jtevenan= (A) Control schoolroom instruction by "Core . relation method®, 'B) Is it independent of class instruction, 8) Is it of the "farm management® type; or PD) Is the farm experience system used? Are instructors hired for twelve months? Give the length of the course in years? What is the nature of the course for each year? What practical experience and educational qual=- ifications are required of instructors? ¥hat provision is made for supervision of teachers, courses, equipment, buildings, etc.? What provisions for teacher-training; and profession= al improvement? 12. Must the board of education provide trans=- portation for the instructor in his work of home project supervision, and other field work? Brief summary of any unusual features of State Plan, Agricultural schools of High School grade. High School Departments. Agriculture derartments of secondary school grade conducted by Vormal Schools. Short courses from one to eighteen weeks in any of the above. Part time and evening classes in any of the above. Inferred; but not required. Recommended for experi mental work. Recommended #500 with $200 additional for farm mechanics shop. #6 per pupil for materials. Wot specified. 507 federal. 50% state money. Yes. Class "B® type of home project. Yes. (One month vacation.) One to four years. Two years practical experience after 12 yra. of age. Graduate from standard Agricultural College. 10. State Director of Vocational Rducation. Itinerant teacher-training provided for. Prof. of Agriculture secured for part-time for work. 11. One month during dull season to be civen teacher for professional improvement. Training Course at University 12. of Arizona. Not specified. One feature of Arizona law was failure to set minimum salary for instructors. Other features pretty carefully worked out. California High School Departments. Yes. Plot sufficient for experimental purposes. Present science and manual training laboratories plus "slight modifications". Each district must expend for each class maintained ( including teachers! salaries, overhead, etc.) not less than $1800 per year. Not specified. gh and State pay for first teacher unit of instruction fadoral and State pay for second teacher unit of instruction 700 Federal and State pay for third teacher unit of instruction 500 Federal and State pay for fourth teacher unit of instruction 200 Required. Instruction, class A-Project controls class- room instruction by correlation method. Yes, Minimum of $1500 for applied, and $1200 for supple- mental subject instruction. 8. One year at first, increasing to four years as soon as sufficient number of prepared pupils desire the work. 1st yr- Parm English, Science, Math., Hyziene & Sanitation. 2nd - Parm Science, Math., Citizen- ship, ®nglish. 4th - Farm Fcon. Parm project each year. 9. Must be experienced in farming; and hold special cert ificates in vocational type of Agriculture. 10. One of special instructors must be in charge of daparte ment. Commissioner of Vocational Education. State Supervisor of Agricultural Instruction. State Director of Agriculture Teachers Training. (i 11, Agriculture Club must be organized wherever an approved and aided course is located. Arrangements may be made with State Board whereby teachers may visit other schools or classes provided for the advanced training of teachers. 12. Not specified. California's plan is characterized by a strict adherence to the spirit as well as the letter of the federal law. The emphasis is strongly on the practical. The plan requires at least eight weeks practical work on a farm before the pupil enters on the third year of the course and sixteen weeks before the fourth year may be started. The emphasized point in the qualifications of ine- structors is that they should have practical farming experience. The course of study is characterized by the emphasis on the farm application of subjects. There are but 32% units of ordin Ty academic tk offered = 2nd yr. Engligh 3 Citizenship o Ord Fnglish §, Democracy z, 3rd Dev. of U. 8. &, Farm prqQjects and Parm mechanics 8 units, 2 units (3 of course) each year. Connecticut High School departments or Agricultural Schools. Not specified. "At least one room properly equipped" approved by the High School Inspector. At least $5.00 per pupil in course per year for supplies. Not specified. Federal fund 50% as far as it will reach. "For every dollar of federal funds, the state will spend many more than the same equity." Yes. Class "B® project method. Yes. Two years practical experience; and B. 8. in Agriculture. Must be a man 21 years of age. Citizen of U. 8, 123 hrs. practice teaching. . State Supervisor and Director. Supervisor = 5 yrs. Ag. teach. exp. State Supervisor will assist and supervise teaching in the field. Teachers will be allowed suitable vacation. Not specified. Colorado High School departments, only. No. Suitable room, cabinets, reference books, bulletins, farm papers, laboratory equipment of 8500, and per capita maintainance fee $5. 10, if 25% from country « otherwise 20.6 for each class aided. 50% federal. 650% local district. Yee. OQOlass "B®" home project work. Yes. Four Year course. (See III B for detailed course of study). Graduates from Agricultural Colleges. Practical farm experience. 31 10. State DNirector of Vocational Fducation. ll, Teacher-training provided for at Colorado Agricultural College, Fort Collins, Colorado. 12. Yes. One feature of the home project work in Colorado is the method of giving credit. One unit of credit is given for a successful project carried out to specifications. This is on a basis of 50% for field work, 25% for regords and 35% on exhibit at county fair. 75% required for credit. An unusual project was developed here in the tractor project. A careful record was kept of hours of work each day, work accomplished in current price terms, initial and final value of tractor, cost of fuel and repairs, wages of operator; and also the various wagee earned by tractor at various kinds of work. Net gain for season = $368.93 Florida Departments in (a) Rural Graded, (b) Approved High Schools, and (¢) limited number of negro schools. Implied in III J 8 of Bulletin; but not prescribed. $200 - $500 laboratory equipment. Not prescribed. be | ut 1 4 te gr A yl 5 ys i : : we oh 1 | gn 5 0 ls, § Hi il 1 nie 4a 1A Ed Li ke Jr re Ha a 22 60% of salaries of Instructors by state. 50% federal funds. Yes. Class "AY, "The method of instruction must be based one (a) Supervised projects in vocational agriculture”. Yes. Two to four years. Course of Study "The course of study for vocational agricultural departments shall consist of not less than 2 nor more than 4 years work; 90 minutes a day of which time shall be devoted each year to instruction in vocational agricul- ture plus an equivalent amount in practice, including supervised projecte and study and general instruction in agrioulture and projects”. 9« Two years practical experience after the ane of twelve. Must be a graduate from a state Agricultural College; or its equivalent. The minimum age shall be 21 years. One full year's course in education; or its equivalent. One half year's teaching experience of Agriculture (May be practice~teaching at University of Florida). After July 1, 1921, all applicants for positions as teachers of Vocation Agriculture shall have completed the four year's course in Vocational 33 Agricultural Education as prescribed by the University of Florida; or its equivalent. 10. Experience of Supervicor must be two years practical farming after 12 years of age. Must have three years of teaching experience ( two being in Agriculture ). Must be at least 256 years of age. Must be a man. A graduate of an Agricultural College; or its equivalent. Supervision shall, temporarily be carried on by two State Rural School Inspectors. 11, Teacher=training course to be given at University of Plorida. To be given only to those having the necessary practical experience. To consist of the following division of time: (a) One-fifth of time to courses in Pducation (teaching of AG.) (b) Three-fifths time to Agricultural subjects. l.Agronomy (One month given instructor for pro= fessional improvement.) 2.Farm Machinery and Motors 3eAnimal Huebandry 4.Dairy Husbandry S.Horticulture(Plant Propagation and Breeding, Trucking,Floriculture,Citrus and subtropical fruit culture, Fruit harvestin u and marketing, an Forestry. (¢) One~fifth of time to appropriate liberal art subjects. eS Sat a = 3 As TT IJ aia WERT Ls Se LE SN LA el pag nat 35 EN at 5 chao dos tg EE Bozo Ba ow oe par 24 20 ¥ 4 hE ad A 8 X / » y a wR HERA © Ba hl AEE LI ay 2 3 wi y 5 a, 12. Does for State Supervisors; not instructors. One peculiar feature of the Florida law is the establishment of a minimum wage of white teachers at $1500; and negro teachers at #600. As a whole, the Florida plan is promising. They have gone farther than any other state in the detailed complete~ ness in which they prescribe the teacher's training course. Georgia All day agricultural schools in special State Ag. Schools, State Negro Schools, Vocational Ag. / Departments in High fchools for whites, Voca- pT et Car TE FTA A aa eR PENI Ee a AE ALE a A Et KS TESS a y oat Be tional Ag. Departments in local Negro schcols. / part time schoole may be established. For State Ag. Schools 200 agres of land. State j / Wegro fchoole~ 50 acres of land. Others not ree quired. A State Ag. School =~ $800.00, State Negro School $800.00, High School for whites « £450.00, Negro school $335. $23.50 per pupil for up-keep. None ® U. 8. 50%. Local District and State 50%. 6s Te 8. 8. 10. 11, 12, 26 Fmphasized. Most of project work seemed to be of class "B%, Yes. Two required. Four recommended. "Course of study shall consist of technical instruction, shop practice, supervised practice, related work and cultural training. 46-minute period per day shall be given to related sciences. “ Men only, 21 yrs. old: Two years adult farm exper= ience (after 12 yrs. of age). After 1921 all teachers must have graduated from four years college course for Vocational Agriculture teachers; or ite equivalent. State Supervisor assisted by General High School Ine spector. State Supervisor must have two years teach= ing of Ag. in addition to regular instructor standard. Thorough system outlined. State Supervisor givee half time to teacher-training in field. One month professional improvement. Yes. The Georgia plan provides for satisfactory super~ vision by state and local instructore. One of the states to make furnishingof local instructor with transportation compulsory. Peculiar features of the Georgia problem are the negro schools. They seem to have several State Agricultural Schools for whites and separate ones for negroes. They have white high schools; but mention negro schools, as if they were for grades only. Difference in pay for white and negro ine structors; and exclusion of lady teachers of Agriculture are also features. Provides for the establishment of part-time schools in Agriculture.("™ay be established"). Schools, departmental or classes. Yes. Plot for demonstration purposes. Not less than $500.00 Library. At least $75 per yr. for incidental expenses. Ten. Federal 50%. Local district 50%. 18 weeks to four years. Evidently class "B®. Home project, as such, not specifically mentioned. Stress upon "Parm Practice". Yes. Not epecified. Provision in Iowa law for shart \courses for young farmers, also for evening classes. 27 50% of time to be spent in farm practice occupations, and related material. Remainder of time spent in study of such subjects ast Fnglish, History, Citizenship, Government, Mechanical Drawing, Fconomics, Hygiene, and physical training. Language and Mathematics elective. 9. / Two years continuous practical experience since 14 / years of age. Sympathy with farm work and rural life. graduate of four year course in Agriculture, includ=- ing farm mechanics in a standard Agricultural College. Prom 156 to 20 hours of Agricultural Education and Psychology. One year of supervised teaching. A Ih 10, | Director of Vocational Education and Supsrvisor of "| Wooational Agricultural Instruction gives 1/10 of ‘time to teacher training and 9/10 of time to super / wision in the field. 11, $rovivione for teacher~training at Ames Agricultural College are unsurpassed. Provision is made in the law that a portion of each year be allowed the instructor for professional improvement. 12. Yes. It is suggested that the most satisfactory method is to pay instructor additional salary with the understanding that he furnish his own car. There are two peculiar features to the Iowa Plan. One is particularly worthy of consideration. It provides that, in cities over 5000, the local Board of Fducation shall appoint a local advisory committee for Vocational Education, com- posed of persons experienced in agriculture, industry, home economics or business. The other feature is that a man must give his entire time to an agriculture class of ten; and under no circumstances may include more than thirty in his instruction. Illinois High School departments. Normal School departments of secondary grade. ~ B8hort term courses in the above. Part-time and evening classes in the above. Noe. $360 to 500 with $200 additional for farm mechanics. $5.00 per pupil per year for maintainance, Not specified. | 50% federal, 50% Local district. 29 Yes. Home project of class "B", Yes. One to four years. Also short courses. Course of Study recommended lst Yr:Parm Crops, Soils and Horticulture, with related Business English. 2nd Yr:Animal Husbandry, with related Parm Arithmetic. 5rd Yr:Parm Mechanics with related Shop Work, 4th Yr:Farm Management with related Farm Bookkeeping Business. Supervised Parm Project each year. 9. Two years practical farm experience after age of 14. Graduate from standard four year course in Agrie cultural College, preferably Illinois University. In addition, the Director must have had at least two years succeesful teaching experience in Agri culture, | or 10, Supervisor of Agricultural Education. Plan very complete. il, Before graduation at the Iniversity must have one semester of practice teaching under supervision. One month each year to be given to inesructor for recreation and professional improvement. Teacher. training under Voc.Ag. Supervisor) 12. Yes. Teacher training and supervisor plans strong features. Lack of stress on home project work weak point. Kentucky High School departments, Short courses, Part-time schools, night classes and Consolidated Schooles Yes, either at school; or at home. Recommended to be at school. $250 laboratory, $50 library. $2.00 per pupil per year for supplies. Not specified. 50% federal funds. 50% local funds. Yes. Class "B" type. Yes. Fither two or four year courses. Iwo Year Type Course First Year First Semester Second Semester Rhetoric and Composition Rhetoric and Composition Mathematice=Algebra Mathematics=Algebra Farm Animals Farm Crops,Animals Home Project Work Home Project Work 31 Second Year First Semester ; Second Semester Literature and Classics ~~ Literature and Classics. Mathematics or History Mathematics or History 80ils and Crops Soils and Crops Home Project Work Home Project Work ( For Four Year Course of Study see III B). 9. Graduates of a standard Colleme of Agriculture or graduates from scientific courses of standard colleges who have had three years practical exe perience since the age of twelve. All must have had a tenth part of the course in Education. 10. Director of Vocational Education to have an assiste ant to supervise the work in agriculture. He must have in addition to the requirements of teachers, two years successful teaching experience in Agriculture; and one year in a supervisory position. lle From four to six weeks each year shall be allowed the instructor for professional improvement. For white teachers the training will be given at the University of Xentucky in the Agricultural - department. For colored teachers the work is offered in Kentucky Normal and Industrial Institute. 32 Itinerant teacher=training is provided for by visits by the Assistant Director, by pamphlets and correspondence. 12. NO. The courses of study smack noticeably of the old classical traditions. The project work does not appear to be given the attention accorded it by some state plans. Massachusetts l. County Agricultural Schools and High 8chool Departments. 2+ No. Many have them, however. &« Adequate. 4, Not specified. 5. State pays 2/3 the salaries of instructors; and half the cost of maintainance of County Agricultural Schools. 6. 8trongly emphasized. Class A, Home Project controls instruction. 7. Yes. 33 8. Pour years. The work of each year is centered around that year's project of the individual. While scme attempt is made to interest groups in similar projects during a given season, the work is ine dividual tutoring in nature. 9. Three years practical farming. Must also have collegiate and professional training. 10+ Vocational supervisors and Pirectors. ll. Teachers have one month for recreation and two months for professional improvement each year. Are hired for twelve months. 12. Not specified. Implied. The work in Massachusetts is characterized by the featuring of the "home project". It also has a very well worked out system for the pro fessional improvement of its instructors. Community work, club work, a considerable development of the County Agricultural School, and - thorough supervision of the work is noticeavle. Missouri l. High School Departments. Schools of Agriculture. Se Yes. 3. Sufficient laboratory equipment for testing milk, 4. Se 6 7 e. 9. grafting trees; incubating eggs, testing soils, making butter etc. Library and farm shop + Not designated. State in Secs(1) proceedings of Fiftieth General Assembly matches dollar for dollar of Pederal funds appropriated to Missouri. Strongly recommended. Class A instruction to be controlled by project on hand. "Must be closely correlated, taught as unit”. Yes. Two years. Plan to increase to three year course in end class High Schools and four years in let class High Schools. lt yr. =Fng.]l , Math.l,Parm Mech., and Gen.basic course in Agr. 3, end yr. -Eng.l1,Civics 1,Parm Crops,A.H.,S0ils and Hort. 2. Four year college = 120 hre =~ 40% agriculture «20% related. 16% education. Two years practical farm experience. (Less may be accepted pending time for adjustment). 10, State Director of Vocational Education. State supers visor of Agricultural Fducation. Qualifications for supervisor are same as for instructor plus at least two years teaching of agriculture. 1le "Will be given time off for professional improvement". 12¢ Yes. In addition the amount of $5.00 per pupil must be set aside to provide for necessary materials, expenses, etc. 1917-18 The work in the Missouri schools seems to be yet in the experimental stage; and has far to go to come up to standard: The words of the State Director of Vocational Educa= tion show something of the uncertainty with which they have so far attacked the problem. He says " Our motto this yoar should be 'Let us do our best under the conditions as we find them! ¢ Only one school in the state has instruction in the second year of Agrie- cultural course at present. 1919-20 Shows a careful plan and liberal provisions and appropriation. Although slow to start, Missouri shows fully up to standard for Montana l, Departments in County High Schools and approved High Schools. 2. Not prescribed. 3. Laboratory equipment coasting at least #350, plus $200 for equipment for farm mechanics. $1235 library w $50 per year new books. Eight to twelve is minimum. 50% federal funds. 50% state. Due to shortage of funde thus far the combined aid has totaled about 60% of salaries of teachers of Vocation= al Agriculture. Yes. Class "A", Yes. Four year course of study. Following course recomme ended: (See III B) Two years practical farming. Age 21, at least. Four year course in standard Agricultural College. Meet other state requirements for certifica- tion by state Board of Rducation. 10. 8tate Director of Vocational Education. State Super- visor of Agricultural Education. Supervisor must assist in organizing new courses, inspect the work of teachers; and report anmmually. 1le A very definite course for teachers of Vocational Agriculture is prescribed, which includes "practice teaching®. This course is offered 12. le 3 Se 4. 5. 6. 37 at the State School of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts at Bozeman. The Pres. of the college is director of teacher-training; and also must conduct itinerant teacher-training courses. Yes. The Montana plan seems carefully planned. It shows a more detailed study than most of states, in soc far as available information indicates. Similar to the Iowa Plan, it features the Short Course. In ite Course of Study an unusual emphasis is leid on the sub ject of English, one-fourth of the high school course being devoted to the atudy of English. Michigan Both. High School courses; and County Agricultural Schools. Yes. Size not specified. $100.00 per year for upkeep. 12 students. | State pays for teacher-traiming, 50%,U. 8. 50%. ii" ’ " teachers 25%, U.S, 50%, Local district, 25%. Emphasizes "Home Project®. Home project of class "B". 7. Yes. 8. Three required. Pour recommended. In County School of Agriculture two years required. 9. Two years practical experience. Graduate of Agri- cultural College with at least 10 hours education credite. 10. State supervisor of Agriculture, appointed by State Board. 1le Portion cf vacation time must be spent in study. i282. Yes. Farm project must require at least 144 hours. Students! contract must also be signed by parent or legal guardian in order to make them legal. Close supervision, well prepared instructors, and specific provision for transe portation mark the Michigan law. Course of Study by Vears lst Plant life and its applications/ 1 sem. Mech.Drawing and farm carpentering / 1 sem. 2nd Parm crops and horticulture/ 1 sem. each. 3rd Animal husbandry/ whole year. 4th Soils and fertilizers/ 1 sem, Parm management and farm mechanics/ 1 sem. (See III B for more detailed Course of Study) 39 Nebraska l« High 8chool Departments (A) County High Schools, (B) Consolidated schools, (C) Rural High Schools, (P) City High Schools "It is proposed that such schools may be reimbursed from federal funds for the salaries of vocational agriculture. 2+ No. Home project preferred. Plot for experiment at school approved. S3¢ Ammual report must be made to state department, showing just what equipment, in good condition, is on hand. Por from 12 to 30 pupils =- £2850 to 500. $300 to 250 for farm mechanics. $5.00 per pupil per annum for maintainance expense of supplies. 4. Not apecified. 5 507 federal. 507 state support. 6. Yes. 0Olass A instruction correlated with the Home project. 7 Yes. 8. Tour years. Agriculture work of four years selected from «= Gen. Agriculture, A. H., Grops and Soils, 40 Farm Shop Work, Poultry Husbandry, Pairy Hus., Hort., Parm Accounting, Parm Management. 3 unit per yr. allowed fcr field work on project. (Detailed course III B) 8. Practical experience, education in agriculture and teaching experience decired in instructor. Labor- atory work and field project work strongly em= phasized. Four year Ag. College graduate with two years practical farm experience. 10. State Director of Vocational Fducation and State Super visor of Agricultural Instruction. "He shall assist in 4raining teachers in cervice by conferences, correspondence, rublications, and personal inspec= tion of werk done®. 11, All teacher-training to be at University of Nebraska under the supervision of State Supervisor of Agri- culture and general supervision of the State . Vocational Director. 12. No. Material at hand showe Nebraska to have very thorough system of state supervision. Forme of reports required by state department of special interest. State Supervisor very frank in stating that he feels that previous work in the state has not been of the kind desired. Seems to promise efficient work in that line when organization gets under way. He emphasizes the need for real "home project® work. New York High School Departments; and Schools of Agriculture. Power given to board to purchase. "Adequate, 15. 3/3 of salary not exceeding $1000. fmphasized. Apparently of class A. "Practical work should correlate with suitable technical seaching® Yes. Not specified. Work to be adapted to local community. In addition to practice work, "they should teach : mathematics, drawing, science and related subjects, to an extent, and in a way practically useful to the pupil®. Special Certification by Commissioner of Rducation. Specially trained. Two year graduate from profession=- al school; or extra special practical qualifica- tions. 10. Btate Commissioner of Education. ll. 8tate Agricultural Schools at St. Lawrence University, Alfred University, and Morrisville may give courses for the training of teachers in agriculture. 13. Not indicated. Peculiarity of New York law in not making employ- ment of all instructors for 12 months. However, makes difference in appropriation. One«third of teacher's salary employed for 36 wk. ( if an additional teacher), two-tnirds of first teacher's salary, and an extra #200 if thie teacher is employed for 12 months. Has three Agricultural Teacher-Training Schools. (Pay status as civen in bulletin of 1913) North Carolina High School departments. (8th.-9th.=10th.~1lth.grades) School farm of from 50 to 100 acres recommended. Not specified. Recommended that most of equipment be made at school. Room with movable tables and chairs required. Not specified. 6. 6. Ts 8. De 43 50% Federal funds. 50% State and local community. No. Either home projects or work on the school farm ie required. Projects offered are of type "B". Yes. | Four years. Short courses of 6-8 weeks also recommended. (Complete four year Course of Study = see III B) Not specified. 10, State Director of Vocational Education; and a State Supervisor of Agricultural Rducation. Monthly ree ports are required by the Supervisor from the in- structors, 11. Some of the teacher-training work carried on is by the bulletin method, giving methods, references, questions, etc. 12. Not specified. The North Carolina plan lays mere than the usual stress on the school farm, recommending from 50 to 100 acres of land, stocked up with the best grade of animals eto. "The failure of a teacher of Agriculture, who has the operation of a school farm, to provide a good garden, both Summer and Winter, should be considered just cause for vithholding State and Federal anpropriations.” le 3 Sv 4, 5. Ge Te 8. Oregon a) All day or department. b)Part-time or dull season classes. ¢) Evening classes, for men over 16 years of age. Yes. "Land for experimental and instructional pure poses.” $500 laboratory. $20 library initial expenditure. $100 annual fund at command of instructor for ine cidental expenses. $10.00 per annum per pupil for maintainance in addition to the $100 annual fund referred to. Not specified. 50% Community. 650% federal. 6 months farm practice required. Home projects ree commended. "In most cases, productive projects with reasonable assurance of a profit are most desirable". Practical work of class "D" required and class "B" recommended. Yess A minimum salary of $1200 per annum. Four years, (Complete Suggested Course of Study on III B) 45 9. Two years practical farm experience. Graduate of four year agricultural course from a standard Agri= cultural College. His course must have included the following subjects: a) Soils, b) Parm Crops, ¢)Animal Husbandry, d)Horticulture, e) Rural Engineering, £) Farm Management. He must have 15 hrs. Education. He must have had practice teaching. (Director same standard.) 10. The Oregon State Agricultural College will make a formal transfer of the professor of Agricultural Education to the state board of vocational education to supervise the vocational work in agriculture. 1l. The training of teachers will be done by the Oregem State Agricultural College which has conducted similar courses for five years. This training will be under the supervision of the state board of vocational education. The course of study will include fifty per cent of technical instruction im Agriculture, fifteen per cent of Agricultural Fducation subjects including practice teaching, 20% of related and allied subjects, 16% of approved electives. The entrance requirements are two years practical farm experience plus high school graduation. The graduates are certificated by the state board of education. 13, Yes. - The Oregon law is featured by the adequacy of the required financial backing of the agricultural instructor. The provision of transportation for a well equipped instructor plus the liberal maintainance fund should bring good results. Oklahoma High School Departments and State and District Agricultural schocls of secondary grade. Parte time and Evening Classes. 2. Desirable to have at least one acre for experimental work. 3. Suitable room, library of at least $50, adequate laboratory equipment, and subscribe to at least 3 or 4 form papers. 25.00 per pupil maintainance fee. 4. At least six. 47 65. State 1/6, Local Community 1/3, Federal Funds 1/2. 6. Yes. Type "B®". At least 360 hours. 7. Yes. 8. Four year course for All Day school. (For detailed Course of Study see III B) 2+ Two years practical farm experience; 21 years of age; a graduate of standard four year Agricultural College carrying 130 semester hours of which at least 40 hours are strictly practical or technical, 12 hours allied subjects, and 15 hours of professional work including practice teaching. 10. State Vocational Director and Agricultural Supervisor. auslifications of Agricultural Supervisor are the same as for Instructor plus at least two years successful teaching experience in Agriculture. 11, Teacher=training at A. and M. Collere at Stillwater, Oklahoma. Prerequisites to the course are (1) Two years practical farm experience, and (2) graduation from standard high school. The course includes as a practical feature actual practige-teaching work for 75 hours in the secondary Agricultural school maintained in connection with the 48 college. "rmprovement of teachers in service is the function of the S8tate Supervisor. He will require professional reading and reports in the form of theses from each vocational teacher in addition to attendance upon state and district conferences which may be called." : 12 . Yes. South Dakota 1, High School departments, and state schools maintaining departments of secondary grade. Part-time and evening short courses. 8. Approved; but not required. Se Suitable room, reference books, laboratory ®quipment, filing cases, subscription to farm journals, class= ified bulletins and filing cases. The initial cost of laboratory equipment to be not less than $500. At least $5.00 per pupil per year to be set aside for use of instructor for necessary materials. 4. If 35% of pupils are from farm homes, an initial en- rollment of 10 pupils will be approved for aid. If that is not the case, 15 is the required number. There must be at least 6 enrolled in each year of the course given state aid. At present the state furniehed approximately 30%, local community 20% and Federal funds 50%. Project method of two types - school or class projects and individual projecte. Class "B" type projects. Yes. -” . . * BAB ATE - . * . 22 Sram ’ Ari a RE A BR a on Ras IN re On EP I SS LE i Re SR ME an NP ar EA LT RA x a or ah - * - Aud a wa pr ep el ep iA Ae ge tei Ee A lib LM a ITT RL TEE Se he Four years, (For detailed course of study see III B) Age 31 years. Q(raduate of standard four year course in Agricultural College, which course shall include at least 42 hrs. strictly technical or practical work in Agriculture, 18 hrs. in allied subjects, 12 hrs. Ag. Education, 3 hrs. Psychology, and 6 hra. practice teaching of vocational Agriculture. At least two years practical farm experience, one of which must have been continuous. 10. The Vocational Board of Rducation through a representa- tive must visit and inspect the work in each state- aid school at least once each quarter. They expect to have e Vocational Director soon. ll. 12. le Be Se 4. 5. Ge Te 50 The training of teachers shall be conducted in this state at the State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts at Brookings. Yes. Texas Departments in High Schools, Vocational Agricultural Schools, part-time or evening classes for vocatione al agriculture, | Yes. A minimum of one acre. Tor Voc. Az. Schools a minimum of 10 acres. $200 for departments. $500 for Voc. Agricultural Schools. Not specified, 50% federal funds. 60% local funds. An appropriation was made by the state to guarantee good faith; and to be used only "in case of necessity to preserve the good name of the state®. Yes. Class "B" type of projects. Yes. A minimum wage of $1200. Se et Ea wn vie ee i SE 3 aE SAREE a for She re TR Re Se ETE HA rea a TAIL. a RR Cn Nore ep: Fed spent ii le Epa SE aT a nay 3 sini ta tom Sead A & 3. a BL Se Fy 51 8. Tour years of work. "60% of time to vocational work including instruction in Agriculture, demonstrations, supervised projects, and supervised study in Agri- culture and Project work". Three bulletins prepared by their department (Bulletin $3«A Year's Course in General Agriculture, Bulletin 98-A Year's Work in Plant Production, Bulletin 94=A Year's Work in Animal Production) give some idea of the type of work expected. The making of the Course of Study, however, is left to the respective boards. They outline their proposed Course; and submit it to the State Board of Vocational Rducation with their application for approval, (State Board of Rducationm acts as Vooational Education Board v) : 9. Must be a man, at least 21 years of age. Graduate of - a standard Agricultural College or ite equivalent. One full year's course in education. One-half year's teaching of Agriculture in a eecondary school. Two years practical experience after 12th year. "After July 1, 1921, eligibles for positions as teachers, supervisors, and directors of Vocational Agriculture shall have completed a four year's college course in Vocational Agricultural Educae 10. 11, 13. 62 tion. Candidates for admission to have 14 units of high school work. Such a course will provide for 144 hours work, at least" 40 hours of which must be technical agri- culture and from 15 to 24 hours professional training, including supervised practice teaching in secondary agriculture. Upon the completion of thie course, a permanent teacher's certificate will be granted by the State Department of Education®, Have both a Director and Assistant Director of Vocatione al Agriculture. The Agricultural and Mechanical Collere is selected for the training of white teachers, for colored teachers, the Prairie View Normal and Industrial Institute. (See par, 9.) Frequent conventions of Vocational Agriculture teachers have been held; and comprehensive programs were carried out. Committees were appointed to make special studies and reports on agricultural problems, Yee. Board of Education must also provide clerical assistance, stationery and all necessary equipment before approval is granted by the State Board of - Vocational Rducation. ng ae tie vw RRS ee Goi LA A a ea ns Sop ght rom FASCIA Tate ~ 2 5 i eo a : i Er pe Bh Te Ee > ex = a > a < x Sr r : ahaa: aad Soin » i Senn do 5. 6. 63 Tennessee High School Departments. Not specified. | $250 of laboratory equipment, a separate room with movable chairs and tables, and an allotment by board of education of $2.00 per pupil per year for materials. | Not specified. Federal funds 50%. State and local community 50%. Yes. Reports on projects must be rendered to State Supervisor each month, \ Yes. Four years. (For complete Course of Study see III B) | Must be a graduate from a standard College of Agriculture. Must have had at least two years practical farm \ experience. 10. A State Director of Vocational Education and a 3tate Supervisor of Agricultural Education. ll. The Inatructor "must spend at least two weeke each year in professional improvement." Minimum salary 12. Se $1200 per year. Not specified. A feature of the Tennessee plan peculiar to that state, in so far as we have seen, is the requirement of monthly reporte by the instructor to State Supervisor on each project. A desirable feature of Mr. Clement's bulletin is a comprehensive bibliography of reference bulletins and books. Utah a) Part-time Agricultural Courses. b) Fvening Schools. ¢) Short Dull Season Schools. 4) High School Departments. School farm mentioned in outline of courses; but is not stipulated as a requirement. $250 to $500 with $200 additional for farm mechanics equipment. Suitable rooms and laboratory. $5.00 per pupil to be set aside by board each year for material, Not specified. 50% state. 50% Federal funds. | Yes. Type "B" of Home project. (Waived "in case of necessity?). Yes. From one to four years. (For complete Course of Study seeIIl B) 2 years of practical farm experience. Must be 21 years of age. Must be graduate of standard Agri- cultural College with at least 48 hours of Agri- culture, 18 hours in allied subjects, and 12 hours of professional work including 3 hours of practice teaching. Pitted for leadership in the community. 10. Supervisors of Agriculture shall meet the standards and qualifications of the Instructor of Agriculture. In addition they shall have had at least two years successful teaching or supervising of Agriculture. He shall assist in the establishment of new courses, supervise the work of the teachers, have charge of teacher-training, and make reports to the ‘Director of Vocational Education. The University of Utah has been designated to train teachers for Smith-Hughes work. Only men having the prerequisite practical experience are to be trained. It ie recommended that the teacher be allowed one month during the dull season to improve himself professionally. At least one week must ba given the instructor for the purpose of visiting schools where the work is being offered. 13. Yes. One feature peculiar to the Utah plan is their variety of Plans for the Supervised practice work. They require home projects; but pro= . vide four kinds of projects: A. Individual ownership Method. B, Individual lease Method. C. Apprenticeship Method. D. Home Fmployment Method. Virginia le High School departments, part-time, and evening schools. 2 Yea. Five acres. 3. Suitable room, a minimum of $350 for laboratory equipment. Suitable cabinets, at least 35 reference books and 100 bulletins properly classified, sub= scribe for at least five farm journals, and have farm shop 30/60 equipped by at least $750. At least $5.00 per pupil per annum for maintainance. Be 6. 7 8. 9. 104 1}. 57 Not fewer than 10. State 50%. Federal fuma 50%. Yes. Class "A" type of instruction. "The vocational work shall be based on the kame proj ect”, Yes. Minimum salary #1500. Four years for regular course. (For complete course of study see III B) Two years of practical farming or "intimate contact" with such work. Graduate of standard four year course in Agriculture based on standard high school course. Sympathy with farm life, State vocational Director and Agricultural Supervisor. The plan of supervision shall include: 8) Improvement of teachers in service. 2 Inspection of schools. ; c Assistance in the establishment of new school and clegses. d) Preparation of special bulletins and other special literature. Teacher~training at Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Fach teacher to he given time for professional improvement. Improvement of teachers in service: 1) Definite reports from local instructor to State Sup. 658 2) State and sectional meetings of teachers. 8) A period of professional improvement for teachers. 4) Co-operation between teacher~training in- stitutions and state supervisory staff for co-ordination of teacher=training. 12. Not specified. I _hy 69 III, Studies of representative states. (Continued) B. Detailed Suggestive Courses of the following states: ‘Arizona California ‘Connecticut Colorado Kentucky Montana Michigan Nebrae North Carolina Oregon Ok lzhoma South Dakota Tennessee Utah Virginia 60 Arizona Course of Study (46 Min. periods) ’ Period 1st yr. 2nd yr. 3rd yr. 4th yr. / 1 of Agr.Arith. Animal Husbandry Geometry Soils & Horticulture 3 / English ( Rural Law y / ( & Civics 3 Study) Commercial Pro=- Agr. Chem. Commercial Project | Ject 4 An. .History © y » " . " HO Other mem eee er eee fe mm fs en 5 Agronomy English Farm Management Applied Physics 6 . Algebra . " . . 7 Commercial Rlective Commercial Pro= Agricultural Ject 8 Project » . » Biology Note - Farm Management will include Farm Accounts and Farm Mechanics. California Course of Study Units of Work Subjects of Course Your vears/ 1et / ond / ard / 4th / Applied Work (Special aid) Farm Projects, Parm Mechanics Supplemental Subjects(Special aid) Farm Englishe-erceccccncsccancc- Farm Applications of Science--- " ’ of Mathematics—- Hygiene and Sanitation=—e————w= Farm Home, and rural home and community 1ife--—-—e—-meen a" Farm Fcoconomicgewececncncemecemaen Other required academic subjects (No special aid allowed) English and Literature-——=eveceaa. Citizenshipeee-coucammmmaana Development of modern democracy and democracies —=emcmcm cmc ccenennas Development of the United Stategs~- Physicsl Education : et BU fe He Re he te tose ies 63 Not less than three hours per day of each pupil's time must be devoted to applied work which shall include farm projects and the instruction appertaining thereto, and farm mechanics; and not less than three hours per day to supplemental and other academic work in class or in school. Sugrested Course of Study el (By an hour, in this course, is meant 60 minutes) Freshman Yr. (Animal Husbandry) Poultry Husbandry Recitation 60 hours if Dairy Husbandry A Swine Husbandry Laboratory and Bi Beef-cattle and sheep field practice 300 hours ib The farm horse Farm Enter= iF prises 400 hours 4 Shop Work 3 3 Farm construction and repair work in wood, concrete and metal -- Practice 200 hours Sophomore Yr. (Plant Husbandry) Parm Crops and Soils Management Recitation 60 hours Vegetable Crops and Soils Laboratory and Management field Practice 200 hours Pruit Crops and Soils Management Farm Enter- prises 400 hours 63 Shop Work Farm Construction and repair work in wood, concrete and metal -- Practice 200 hours - Junior Yr. (Parm Hathines and BuilTTngs) Mechanical devices and appliances of the farm; assembly and installation; building plans, laye out and construction. Practice- rt em tm w—=ww 400 hours Farm Enterprises 400 hours Senior Yr. (Farm Management) Studies of Farm Management of the region Recitation and field 8 tudy===---130 hours Economic organization of continued enterprises, years 1, 2 and 8 Enterprises 400 hours Colorado Suggested Course of ST First Year Vocational == 180 minutes per day or 900 minutes per week. Crop Production and Soils. Farm Shop Work. Project Work. Non-Vogcational -- two units. Sngiisn . Flective. 64 Second Year Vocational == 180 minutes per day. Tivestock Production and Management. Project Work. Non=Vocational == two units. ng lish. Elective. Third Year Vocational = 180 minutes per day arm Machinery, Motors, Tractors. Choice of any two of the followings Dairying Foultry Vegetable Gardening Pruit Raising Project Work. Non=Vocational «= two units ng Elective - work in civics and citigenehip recommended. Fourth Year Vocational «- 180 minutes per day. Farm Management and Accounting, Marketing Problems, Farm Surveys, Irrigation or dry land problems. Rural Economice and Sociology Project Work Non=Vocational «« two @nits Elective Flective holed ney Kentucky Four Year Course of Study Pirst Semester Second Semester First Year English~Rhetoric English-Rhetoric and Composition and Composition Mathematics-Algebra Mathematics-Algebra Horticulture Farm Crops Farm Shop Work Agricultural Botany Home Project Work (in connection with Farm Crope and Hort.) Home Project Work Second Year English-Literature and English~Literature and Classics Classics Elective(Math. or History) Elective~(Mathematice Animal Husbandry or History) Economics Zoology. Dairying or Animal Husbandry Poultry Economic Zoology Home Project Work Home Project Work Third Year Fnglish-Literature and Classics English-Literature and Classics Elective(Math,History or Lang.) Elective(Math.Hist. or Lang.) Soil Physics Soil Fertility Agricultural Chemistry Agricultural Chemistry Home Project Work Home Project Work Fourth Year Rlective~(Rural Economics BlectivefRural Economics and and Sociology) "Sociology) Elective-(Amer.Hist., or Lang .)Elective~Amer.Hist. or Lang.) Farm Management Farm Management Physics of Agriculture or Physice of Agriculture or Agricultural Engineering Agricultural Engineering Home Project Work Home Project Work Montana: Course of Study Vocational First Year Live Stock Production and Management Farm Shop Work Project Work Second Year Crop Production and Soils Project Work Third Year Farm Machinery, Motors and Tractors Dairying Choice of any two? Poultry Vegetable Gardening Fruit Growing Project Work Fourth Year Parm Management and Marketing Problems, Farm Accounts, and Soil Surveys Rural Economics and Rural 8ociology Non=Vocatiocnal Two units: English Elective Two units: English Elective Two units:English American History and Government Two unitse English Industrial History "All schools receiving aid must maintain each year a 'short course! of 8ix weeks.® 87 Type Course of study First Year == 9th Grade ‘Required English Algebra Plant Life~==-% year-50 min.class--100 min.Lab.2ds. & 3ds. Carpentry-——e- " " » . # » " " Farm Practice---=- 30 minutes Elective atin History Bookkeeping Second Year =- 10th Grade Required English Geometry Farm Crops--3% year {5% ase shoye) Horticulture # year( " " * ) Parm Practice--30 minutes Elective a History Commercial Geography § vear Commercial Law == year Third Year -- llth Grade Required English Chemistry Animal Husbandry -«50 min.class and 100 min.lab.2nds. & 3ds. Farm Practice~~~=---<30 minutes Elective Algebra-=t year Geometry—3 year Elementary Economics Be Pamala > i CE A ok ‘ Sd Fu 5 Nan a = - a Ee alee Ee See Sk ono < eo Rs eas wa 323 Lon ena 3B ry ae et “3 y segs = TR Ss SE WER £i. hac. x hai A - =a » 3g a wT xn a EE I % pies Lei g ot t x 68 Fourth Year -- 12th Grade Required History and Civics Physics 80ils == (50) ====(100) Farm Management and Farm Mechanics (50 and 100) Farm Practice ===-= 30 minutes Elective ngilis ls Sanitation and Hygiene 96 hours farm practice during year of nine and onevhalf months 400 minutes daily to Agriculture for each grade i Nebraska 1 Suggested Course of Study E lst Semester bs 3nd Semester of Per. per eshman Ye: Week (A period is 45 Min. in length. A vocational subject mst be offered) we (for a double period on each day offered. Periods ig per week include study) 10 Fnglish Grammar English Composition 20 Animal Husbandry and Shop Animal Husbandry and Shop Work Work(Average 180 Minutes per day) Supervised practice work (Home Frojec%) Supervised Practice Work 10 Electives: Electives: {re Rural Civics (1-5) Farm Arithmetic 5-10)General Physical 5-10)Agricultural Geography Science Second Year Rhetoric Rhetoric Crope, Soils, and Shop Work Oropss Soils and Shop 5 or Home Project . Home Project Rlesctives: RL Botany 4-10) General History 4-10)General History 4-10) Language {4-19 4-10) Mathematics Language 4-10 Mathematics Third Year a) Dairying, b) Machines, Motors and Tractors, ¢)Poultry, d) Horticulture and advanced gardening, e) Entomology (180 minutes per day) Any two of the first four subjects suited to given section of the state. It is surcrested that all take Entomology. Home Froject Electives: 4-10) Mathematics 4-10) Language 4-10) Advanced Fhysics Fourth Year Farm Management (Includes Farm Law, Leases, Accounting.) Rural Economics and Sociology (Includes Community Civics and Rural Life.) HOME mm mm mm mmm ne a Project. Electives: 4-10) Mathematics 410) Language 4-10) Chemistry 4-10) American History and Civics "Phe method of instruction shall combine in one class exercise, both practical work and the essential related work. North Carolina Course of Study First Year English «- Five 45 Min. periods per week Mathematics » "n>" ” y 9 Science ? ® "» " ” # Agriculture - Five double periods per. week. (Crops and Soils) Practical work- * © ” ® (Parm Projects or school farm) Second Year English - Pive periods per week History = " ” . Mathematics «* " ” » Agriculture -Five double periods rer week pangmat Husbandry) Practical Work * " ’ ’ ® (gchool farm or projects) Third Year English - Five periods per week History - * . " v Science( Chemical or Physical ) five periods per week Agriculture-Five double periods per week (Farm Mechanics and Horticulture) Practical Work Pive double periods per week. (School farm or projects) 1 Fourth Year English - Pive periods per week Rmconomicg -* . Ap Civics (2) * ’ ’ ’ Hygiene and Sanitation % Agriculture - Five double periods per week (Farm Management, Farm Accounting and Farm Engineering) Practical Work Five double periods per week.(School Farm or projects) 1 Science subjects have double laboratory periods twice each week. Oregon Course of Study (Sugsestive) First Year Subject Soils and Crops---- ——n General BOLOTO0 es —mersim emmmmmmer Second Year Animal Husbandry ae Rome Projest (Animal Husbandry) —-——== Third Year Horticulture ce mece mmm cower tw oan Home Project (Fruit Growing or Vegetable Growing) ~-—-===memee——- HL 5 80 Ym =i me mo mir mpi Biology or Chemistry ——emeuwmummn. Fourth Year Farm Managemen —-—-- - —— Home Project (Parw Rsaag mon’ and Rural Fngineering)-—--- En g lish J Sl FO SA I orn con BE AD dS SS — damn i Rural Economics and Rural Sociglogy==—==retccannmeme en enw" 1 At least fifty per cent of the time of the student must be spent in vocational agriculture. The other subjects in 78 the course should have a close relation to agriculture and rural life. Oklahoma Courses of Study Part-time and Evening Classes "Part-time and Evening Classes may be provided as short intensive courses for persons over sixteen vears of age who are actually employed in farm 3 work; and each student in such course shall be oi required to carry on a supervised practice for 8ix months as provided for in section 7 B. The work shall consist of class and laboratory work and demonstrations.® All Pay School A First Year t Vocational minutes per week, including: Crop Production and Soils i Farm Shop Work (Wood) a5 Project Work y Non=Vocational «== 2 units Engllse Elective Second Year Vocational minutes per week Live Stock Production and Management Farm Shop Work (Black Smithing, Concrete, etc.) Project Work Non=Vocational —— Fnglish Elective Third Year Vocational 900 minutes per week Parm Machinery (Motors, Tractors, etc.) Flective of any two of following: Dairying, Poultry, Vegetable fardening, Fruit Growing, Cotton. Project Work | Non-Vocational -- 2 unite Fnglish Rlective Fourth Year Vocational 900 minutes per week Farm Management (Farm Accounts and Surveys, Marketing . Problems, Scils Management and Parm Surveying) Rural Fconomics and Sociology Froject Work Non=Vocational = 2 unite Fnglish Flective One year courses will be approved as a beginning; but must be increased 4c three or four year courses by second year. No ccurse under three years will be approved for aid unless the entire time is devoted to Vocational Agriculture. South Dakota Suggestive Course of Study Pirst Year Vocational =- 180 minutes per day or 900 minutes per week Crop Froduction and Soile Farm Shop Work Project Work 74 Non=-Vocational =- 2 units English Rlective Vocational «=« 180 minutes per day vestoc oduction and Management Pro ject Work 6 Non=Vocational =e 2 unite ng Elective Third Year Vocational = 180 minutes per day 3 Farm Machinery, Motors, Tractors ih Choice of any two of the following: 4 Dairying Poultry Vegetable Gardening Pruit Growing is Project Work ie Non-Vocational == 3 unite 4 2 °F Rlective -- work in Citizenship recommended Fourth Year Vocational ~~ 180 minutes per day Farm Management and Accountinz, Varketing Froblems, Tare, Surveys, etc. Rural Economics and Sociology Project Work Non-Vocational = 2 units sleciive Blective Tennessee Course of Study First Year English (Grammar, Composition, Classics) First Year Mathematics (Arith. and Algebra) Biology, including Human Physiology Agriculture -— Field Crops Project Work Second Year English (Composition and Literature) Algebra Completed Animal Husbandry (Breeding, Breeds, Feeding and management of stock Botany and Zoology or Physiography Project Work Third Year English (Composition and Literature) Chemistry Farm Carpentry: Elementary Economics Horticulture and Parm Dairying Project Work Fourth Year English (Composition and Literature) American History and Civics Physics Farm Management and Agricultural Engineering Project Work Froject work must be done by the pupil on a useful and productive basis for six months in the year under the supervision of the teacher of Agriculture. Utah Course of Study (Sugcestive) Pirst Year Vocational - 180 minutes per day or 900 minutes per week minutes «= Crop Production and soils 90 minutes «- ta) Farm Mechanics b) Home supervised practice work Non-Vocational == 3 units Fnglieh Elective Second Year Vocational -- 180 minutes per day minutes -- Livestock Production and Management 90 minutes «= 3 Farm Mechanics b Non-Vocational we 2 units Home Supervised practice work ng Elective Third Year Vocational «=~ 180 minutes per day a oice of any two of the following: Dairying Poultry Vegetable Gardening Fruit Growing (b) Farm Machinery, motors, tractors A minimum of 90 minutes per day of (a) or (a) combined with (Db) Non-vocational «= 2 units English Elective ~~ Work in Civics and Citizenship recommended Fourth Year Vocational - 180 minutes per day oice of any two of the following: Farm Management and Accounting, marketing problems, farm survey Irrigation and Dry Parming Problems Rural Rconomice and Sociology Project Work, a minimum of 90 minutes consecutively Non-Vocational ao 2 units Flective Flective Parm Shop work is required as separate work during the first two years. Thereafter it may be considered as a part of project work when an integral part of that work. Virginia Day School Course of Study Pirst Year =- 8th Grade Non=Vocational Fnglish = 5 = 40 minute periodse——cememcecmccmmccacacaacl Algebra = 5 = 40 minute periocdge~—vercceccccn ———— ———] General Science~3 - 40 and 2 - 80 minute periods--===-=1 Vocational an roduction - 5 « 80 minute periocdg——==—eececa- Farm Shop Work - 2 = 80 minute periods Supervised Project --Average of 5 hours- 40 minutes for nine monthee=--~-ecumncmnncnsnnannnenneeed Second Year «= 9th Grade Non=Vocational Fnglish - D = 40 minute periodse=e—secccccm mec cc caca-] Plane Geometry - 5 = 40 minute periods Rconomic Geography - 5 = 40 minute periods Vocational Animal Husbandry - 6 - 80 minute periods—=-—-- mm ten Farm Shop Work - 2 - 80 minute periods Parm Project - Average of 5 hours 40 minutes —— Third Year - 10th Grade Non-Vocational English - © = 40 winute periods---===m==—em—ececw=] Farm Arithmetic and Elementary Bookkeeping - 5 40 minute periods =w=-==1 Human Biology - 3 = 40 and 2 - 80 minute periods=--1l Yocational Horticulture and Field Crops = 5 - 80 minute per.-l Farm Shop Work = 2 - SO minute periods Supervised Project = 5 hours 40 minutes average 3 Non-Vocational Fourth Year = 11th Grade Tnglish = 5 = 40 minute periods ~-—-———=—m--—===—=l History and Civics = 5 - 40 minute periods~ -1 Chemistry or Physics = 3 - 40 minute and 2 ~ 80 minute periodg=eeecccccncncenenel Vocational ural Engineering, Parm Mechanics, Farm Management, Rural Economics - 5 - 80 minute periods===w=wecwe=l Farm Shop Work = 2 = 80 minute periods Supervised project - Average 5 hrs., 40 min-—e———e Total academic credits Four years Supervisor Project work (Av.bhrs. 40 min) 2 units Part-time Classes Agriculture = 90 minutes per day for 12 weeks Farm Shop Work = 90 minutes per day for 12 weeks Project Work - 90 minutes per day for six months Farm Arithmetic - 40 minutes per day for 12 weeks 79 English = 40 minutes per day for 12 weeks Fvening Classes Agriculture - 90 minutes per day for 8 weeks Fnelish «= (Study of Farm Journals) -40 min. per day for 8 weeks Project work « 90 minutes per day for six months 80 IV. Summarized impressions and recommendations, based uron & comparative study of methods of wvarioue ctates. On old Massachusetts Hall, below a bust of James Russel Lcwell, there appears thie inscription: "I, Preedom, dwell with Knowledge: I abide With men by Culture Trained and fortified." Tt has taken many generations to realize that this principle applies as directly to the farmer as to the urban i resident. Tt wae not long after the Civil War that the Morril Act was passed by Tongresze, establishing the Agricultural Colleges. Since that time we have had six other acts enacted for the express purpose of encouragine education for the farmer. These were the Match Act in 1884, providing for ex- periment stations, the second Morril Act in 1880, giving additional aid to Agricultural Golleges, the Adams Act in 1906 for the encouragement of research, the Nelson Amendment in 1008, giving more aid to land-grant colleges (Part of this 31 money could be used in training *eachars of agriculture), the Smith-Lever Act in 1914 furthering the extension service, and the most recent legislation for the advance- ment of Vocational Agricultural Fducation embodied in the Smith-Hughes Act for the promotion of Vocational Fducation. These various acts for the sncouragement of agrie= cultural education in one form or another were enacted because of a growing realization of the necessity of check= ing the movement from farm to city; and also to assist in developing more intelligent agricultural methods so that greater producticn of food stuffs for our increasing popula=- tion would result. Since 1880 there has been a marked decrease in the proportion of the American people engaged in farming 23 an occuraticn. This rroportion declined from 44.4 per cent in 1820 to 32.9 per cent in 1910. Rduca= tion, in order to accomplieh the results hoped for, muet be reorganized. In crder %o function, the educational program for the farm youthe must be adjusted to the needs of hie occupation. We are just coming tc a realizatién of the fact in this country that as other conditions, customs, and methods change from time to time, 30 also the educational methods and content must necessarily be altered in order to be of practical value. Along this line of thought, William C. Redfield, Secretary of Commerce says? "We are just beginning to realize that by the failure of some phases of our educational systems to meet the living needs of living boys and girls, we are permitting them to enter a sort of death in life which is having most hurtful effects on our country. Qur complacency over the value of the common school to our people is being rudely disturbed, for many if not most of our young people emerge from that same common school quite without adjustment to the i daily life they must thereafter lead, and Lh almost if not altogether without the trainee 1) ing fitting them for the workaday world in which they must live." It is in an attempt to promote the reorganization of our educational system upon a practical basis that the Smithe Hughes Act is now in effect. The law places the Federal administration of the act in the hands of a Federal Board for Vocational Education, composed of seven members as follows: the Secretary of Agriculture, Secretary of Commerce, Secretary of Labor, United States Commissioner of Education, and three other citizens appointed by the Fresident. These three members are chosen so that the agricultural interests, the manufacturing and commercial interests, and the labor 83 interests are each represented. The Federal Board holds Stat® boards accountable for the proper administration of the act and supervision of instruction under general re- gulation laid down by Federal Board. Following is a brief Stary of some of the findings of a special study of the administration of the act in twenty-three states. I. Al] states provide for vocational agricultural departmente in high schools. A few, like Georgia and Massachusetts have state or county agricultural schools. 2. Twelve states require that the school districts secure a plot of ground for agricultural work. The sizes of these plots vary from the one acre experiment plot in Oklahoma to the two-hundred acre farm for the Georgia state (white) agricultural schools. 3. Pifteen states set a definite minimum initial expenditure for laboratory equipment. The median amount is $500.00 The average is $440.00 | 4, Right states require a definite minimum enroll- ment in the course as a condition for reimbursement. This minimum varies from six in Oklahoma to fifteen in Wew York. 4. The median is ten. The average is ten. k~ iid 5. Fifteen states require a definite maintenance allotment for the use of the instructos in purchasing necessary supplies. The amount is furnished by the local district; and varies in amount from %2 per pupil per year to 10 per pupil per year. The median is $6. The average is 4.50 6. Seven states match the Pederal funds with State funds dollar for dollar. Three states add 1/6 to the 1/2 54 of the Federal appropriation, thus requiring the local district to pay 1/3 of instructors! salaries. One state adds 25%, leaving 26% for the local district to pay. South Dakota expects to eventually pay 50%; but at present is paying 30%, leaving 20% to the local community. 7+ Seven states require that the instructor be at least 21 years old; and several southern states prescribe that the instructor be a man. One state sets the age minimum at 22 years. All states require that the instructor be a graduate from a standard agricultural college or its equivalent. Sixteen states prescribe that the instructor must have had not less than two years of practical farme ing experience. Two states require three years of practical farming. 8. 8ix states require at least two years of successful experience in teaching agriculture of the State Supervisor in addition to the preparation e pected of an instructor. One state prescribes five years teaching experience; and another state requires three. ©. Four states prescribe that the instructor be allowed one month for professional improvement each year. Pive states would give "a reriod® for vac=tion and profess- ional improvement: One state would give him two weeks; and another state would allow him all of one week for professional improvement each year. i0s Twenty-two states recommend a four-year course of study. One state recommends 2 two-year course. Several states feature the short-course and evening schools. ll. Twelve states definitely require the local district to provide the instructor with transportation for the purpose of giving the home project work proper super= vision. 12. Twenty states require the practice work to be done by the project method. Missouri "recommends" the class 'A! project; and Oregon requires six months of 85 "farm practice", but recommends the class 'B! project. Thirteen states require the class 'B! project method of field work. Seven states prescribe the class 'A! project method of field practice. After a study of the experiences and the methods of the various states, certain desirable features of ade ministration assume prominence. While the Federal Board is undoubtedly wise in leaving the details of administration (and especially sensible in regard to the course of study) to the individual states, yet there are certain desirable methods that should be practiced in every state. All none essentials should be eliminated from the courses of study. The instruction should conform to the spirit as well as to the letter of the law. A few courses still retain auch of the old formal subjects. There should be no waste motion in the Smith-Hughes instruction and each subject of the course should have a definite value to the student, The agricultural instructor should have one month of vacation each year, and one month for definite professional improvement of which he should be required to make a full report. Each state should require the local district to provide suitable transportation for the instructor who supervises project work. This would tend to insure efficient supervision. Too much stress cannot be placed on the importance of the type of instruction which groups the allied subject matter about the individual project. Seven states already are meeting with succese by the use of this method. Some states still approve of plans of instruction that permit the supplemental subjects to be taught without relation to the individual project. This procedure loses the opportunity of giving practical motivation to the supplemental subjects by correlating them with the project that the student is conducting at home. The home project in every case should be conducted on a practical business bagig, a careful account being kept of all expenses. The er youth's experience in leasing his ground, buying his stock, poultry, coed, or whatever his project requires, the accurate figuring and recording of expenses and earnings, and the disposal to the best advantage of his produce at the finish, gives an ample field from which to select material for work in the supplemental subjects. This plan, of course, requires that the instructor be in close touch with the student and his project. It is for this reason . that Iowa prescribes that, with 10 in a class, the instructor 87 give them his full time. One element in arousing interest in the project method of instruction is because they are sources of income to the student; and often enable him to secure an education largely by his own efforts. An unusually successful pro- ject from the financial standpoint was that of a boy at Fetaluma, California, who cleared a net profit of $1600 on a project involving 3,000 young chicks. Usually the pro- jects do not net any such sum. The common experience, however, is to make a profit varying from $300 to 8500. An interesting project was developed in Coloradec by a boy who took a tractor as his project. He operated it throughout the season, doing work on his home farm and neighboring farms. A careful record was kept of hours of work each day, work accomplished in current price terms, initial and final value of the tractor, cost of fuel and repairs, wages of operator; and also the different wages earned by the tractor at the various kinds of work. The net gain for the season was 2388.92 It is, of course, true that some projects are not financial successes. The financial failure may be the most successful as a lesson of value, however, and should not necessarily be classed as a failure. The project method is here to stay. It gives a real meaning to education. V. Sugaestive Four Year Course of . Study for dav school. (Based on impressions received, in part, from this study) Piret Year Subj ect Units Project Work, including Practical Farm Mechanicg-~-—-==- 3 obs Business Fnglish, as related to farm transactiong——-—=v- Nob Poh General 8¢ jenceemcmeme— ———-——— — ‘-——- Mie A fh Se. ards A S.A Ste 0 dS Sg Second Year Project Work, including Practical Farm Mechanicg~—-—-== 2 Combination of Algebra and Geometry, practical noe Rlements of Chemistry=ecemmremmamm cm ce eee ee em mn 3 Appreciative Literature,selected from Ameriean and Fnglishe=ecrecnececan- a ———— ——— t- nS qn Gm i RN TR + Political Development of the United States as a i “ third Year Project Work, indluding Practical Farm Mechanics-—-===- 3 Farm Accounting and value and method of keeping ¥ farm recor (8 == mmm me —— ——— wn Si 0 on 0 na Bn Ge Ge. Gn $n Sn - Applied Shenley of Soile and method of rebuild tied dee: and Industrial Development of the United Stategem———r- Wt ie oo de Born UG Gn GI WR Soe av Gn i . E.. English and Public Speaking, (How to organize; and deliver talks and demonstrations, practice in parliesmentary law, etC.w—=——eeccu- Fourth Year Project Work, including Practical Farm Mechanice-—-—- Flectricity and principles of Mechanics applied to farm machinery, motors, tractors,possible uses of Flectricity on farms, Ea Ie Rural Home and Community Life--- Parm Management and Marketing Kethodge==-v==re-neee $ Fract ica 1 iti zenship=ee BO ST; Oa So fu Bin SG Vo Er Sng Gg Go " (Physical Fducation throughout course) In order to be of maximum educational value, the project should be selected from a different line of agri- cultural work each year. is plan should asgist the student in choice of type of farming to adopt as permanent vocation. 00 Vi. California A. Act of Adoption. Acceptance of Act. "1, The California Legislature in an act accepted the provisions and benefits of the Pederal Act for vocational education. The Governor approved the same Vay 29, 1917. 2. The State Treasurer is designated cus= i todian of the funds. of 3, The California Act provides for the acceptance of the funds for: a. The payment of salaries of teachers of trade, home economice, and in- dustrial subjects. POR Cee RO A EEARAT Sih bs. The payment of salaries of teachers, directors ,and supervisors of agrie cultural subjects. cs The maintenance of courses, classes, or schools for tzaining-- A (1) Teachers of trade and industrial subjects. (2) Teachers, directors, and super- visors of agricultural subjects. (3) Teachers of home economics. 4. In accepting the provisions and benefits of the Federal Act, the State Act . provides for state appropriations which shall equal all Federal apportionments made to the State of California. The 91 Pederal funds and the State funds combined constitute the vocational education fund, which fund is created by the act. The entire fund, including Federal and State moneys, is governed by the provisions of the Federal Act and by the regulations of the State Board, acting under the provisions of said act." The active administration in the State of California is under a Commissioner of Vocational Rducation, assisted by a State Supervisor of Agricultural Fducation, a State Director of Vocational War Work who is now in charge of industrial education, and by five Supervisors and Directors of Teacher-Training - one of Home Economics, two of Agriculture, and two of Trades and Industries. B. Method of procedure in establishment of vocational courses in agriculture in California under the 9mith-Hughes Act. The following extract from Bulletin Wo. 23 A, California Board of Rducation indicates the proper procedure in establishing standard vocational courses in agriculture. "High School boards applying for authority to establish and maintain vocational courses in agriculture, under the pro= vieions of the Federal and State Vocational Rducation Acts, must submit, on blanks furnished by the State Board of Rducation, such information as may be desired, including the following: l. Approximate area in square miles of: a. High school district. be Outside territory served by high school. 3. Approximate acres under cultivation ine a. High school district. b. Outside territory served by high school. 3. Approximate acres of grazing land in: i a. High Scheol district. bs. Outeide territory served by high egchool. 4. Principal occupations of people in order A of importance -- agricultural, commer cial, mining, industrial and trade, etc. 5. Character of principal agricultural occupations in order of importance «== stock raising, dairying, poultry rais- ing, field crops, horticulture, viti- a culture, etc. 0 6. Principal agricultural products of community in order of importance = hogs, sheep, beaf or dairy stock, dairy products, horses, turkeys, chickens, alfalfa, hay, wheat, oats, barley, rice, corn, hons, cotton, potatoes, onions, sugar beets, beans, watermelons, canta- loures, walnuts, almonds, olives, peaches, apricots, plums, prunes, pears, apples, figs, grapes, raieine, orgnges, lemons, pomeloes, berries, garden truck, etc. 7. Enrollment of pupils in all elementary schoole for the preceding school year in: a, High school district. b. Outside territory served by high school. 8, Frrollment in each grade of high school for preceding year. 9, Number of boys in district over 14 years and less than 18 years of age who are not attending school. 10. Number of girls in district over 14 years and less than 18 years of age who are noi attending school. 11, Number of persons who have expressed desire to take advantaze of the course. 12, A description of the school lands, shops, laboratories, classrooms, and equipment that will be available for the use of pupils." Cc. In order to be eligible for state ald, high gshools must maintain one Or more standard vocational courses in agriculture. To be rated as a standard course it must == 1. Have been authorized by the State Board of Fducation to establish the course. Supe BRA Ee Sarai a = il Fy Pai, Soi 2+ Be maintained in accordance with the regulations of the State Board of Education, which regulations are in conformity with policies and standards of the Federal Board of Vocational Education. 3, It must provide satisfactory supervision of project work throughout the summer months, as well as during school year. 4, Be officially aprroved by the State Board of Education, after being inspected, as conforming to all re= quirements. If a standard course is maintained, the high school district may oxpect to be reimbursed by the State Board as followse "Por the first teacher unit of instruction -not to exceed-$1000 For the second teacher unit of instruction=not to exceed- 700 For the third teacher unit of instruction -not to exceed- 500 Por the fourth teacher unit of instructione-not to exceed- 300 Provided,that the Board will in no instance reimburse any such district in a sum which shall exceed one-half of the amount paid as compensation for instruction in the reguired applied and supplemental subjects of said course or courses." A teacher unit is defined as six sixty-minute hours of teaching and study supervision for thirt~aix weeks, WNecess~ ary care must be ziven to pupil's projects during vacation veriods. "A proportionate reimbursement will be made for a fractional part of a teacher unit of instruction." This financial aid will be given only where teachers of anplied work are paid, at least, 231500, and teachers of supplemental subjects, at least 5, £1200. Reimbursements for preceding year are paid by the State Board of Fducation during the first quarter of fiscal vear. If funds available fall short of needs, aid will be pro-rated. De Professional aid to be expected. ls Teacher-Training course at the University of California. 2+ Assistance and co-operation of the University Extension Service. 3. Sectional teachers! mestings. 4, Supervisory help of the State Nepartment of Vocational Rducation. Those immediately concerned with the work in Vocational agricultural Rducation are: Edwin R. Snyder, Commissioner of Vocational Education W. G. yummel, Supervisor and Director of Teacher-Training Samuel H. Dadisman, Supervisor and Director of Tsacher- ~ Training BIBLIOGRAFHY Federal Board for Vocational Education Statement of Poligcies~- Bulletin No. 1 Federal Board for Vocational RBducation Agriculturel Rducation- Bulletin Wo. 13 Arizona Bulletin of State Board of Vocational Bducation Bulletin Wo. 3 Arizona Bulletin of State Board of Vocational Education 1 Bulletin ¥o. 1 4 California State Board of Education Vocational Rducation - Bulletin Wo. 233 California State Board of Education Vocational Education - Bulletin No. 33-A Connecticut State Board of Education Vocational Rducation - Bulletin No. 46 Connecticut State Board of Rducation Course in Agriculture « Bulletin Wo. 70 Colorado State Board for Vocational Education Vocational Bulletin No. 3 Colorado State Board for Vocational Education First Annual Report Florida State Board for Vocational Education Approved Plans for Vocational Fducation Georgia State Board for Vocational Rducation Administration Bulletin No. 3 Georgia tate Board for Vocational Education State Flan « Bulletin No. 4 Iowa State Board for Vocational @ducation Approved plans - Bulletin No. 1 Iowa State Board for Vocational Pducation First Biennial Report, 1918 Illinois Board for Vocational Fducation Plans for 1918-19 Bulletin No. 8 Kentucky Board for Vocational Pducation Plans and Policies = Bulletin No. 3 Missouri Board of Rducation Vocational Fducation Bulletin No. 3 Missouri State Board of Rducation Vocational Education Bulletin ¥o. B Montana Department of Fublic Instruction Flans for Vocational Rducation, 1919 Michigan State Board of Control for Vocational Fducation Bulletin No. 201 Michigan State Board of Control for Vocational Fducation Bulletin Yo. 202 Michigan ftate Board of Control for Voostional Rducation Bulletin Wo. 206 Nebraska State Board for Vocational Fducation Plans - Bulletin No. 2 Nebrasks State Board for Vocational Fducation Plans 1919,20 - Bulletin No. 3 New York State University Bulletin on Vocational Rducation - Bulletin No. 543 North Carolina State College Record November 1018 ~ Vocational Agrioul4ural Rducation Bulletin Vo. 8 Oregon State Board for Vocational Education Vocational Education Bulletin Oklahoma State Board for Vocational Education Flens -~ Bulletin No. 3 South Dakota State Board for Vocational Fducation Flans for 1919-20-21 Texas State Board for Vocational Education Plans « Bulletin No. 68 Texas State Board for Vocational Education First Annual Report 1918 | Tennessee Board for Vocational Mducation Requirements - Bulletin No. 2 Utah State Division of Vocational Fducation Flans for 1919-20 Virginia State Board for Vocational Fducation Supplement ¥o. 4 - Bulletin No. 2 "Learning to Barn” ~ Plea and Plan for Vocational Fducation Lapp and Mote "Vocational Agricultural Education-By Home Projects® Stimson FP > SV Yor \F Vv, 7, De PM-1 3%2"x4"” PHOTOGRAPHIC MICROCOPY TARGET NBS 1010a ANSI/ISO #2 EQUIVALENT 10 BE 2 = =p» Lops I= a EE he m—— . | a = [li pe