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 BOOK 974.AN29ZW c. 1 
 
 WHITMORE # MEMOIR OF SIR EDMUND 
 ANDROS KNT GOVERNOR OF NEW ENGLAN 
 
 3 T153 00DSS5b7 1 
 
V 
 
 «H%M^ 
 
 ^^•"^^^^ 
 
 MEMOIR 
 
 OF 
 
 SIR EDMUND ANDROS 
 
f 
 
 A . f\S- 
 
 MEMOIR ""'' 
 
 OF 
 
 SIR EDMUND ANDROS, Knt., 
 
 GOVERNOR OF NEW ENGLAND, NEW YORK AND 
 VIRGINIA, &r., &c. 
 
 WITH A P O R T R A I T . 
 
 By WILLIAM HENRY WHITMORE, A. M. 
 
 Bepjjinted fijom the **.J^ndi;os ^ijacts/' published by the 
 itfuince .Society of Boston, ■'^. %, 
 
 B 3 t ti : 
 
 PRINTED BY T. R. MARVIN & SON. 
 I 8 6 8. 
 
^~~7- 
 
 ■^/\^^. 
 
 \ 
 
 ^".>/tT.R MARVIN ^y^^if tN, 
 
SIR EDMUND ANDROS. 
 
 I' 
 
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 N 
 
 ONCERNING the anceftry of Sir Edmund An- 
 dros, the fole printed authority is the memoir in 
 the Hiftory of Guernfey by Jonathan Duncan, 
 (London, 1841,) which occupies about three 
 pages in that book. This fketch has been copied by Dr. 
 E. B. O'Callaghan in his " Documents relating to the Colo- 
 nial Hiftory of the State of New York," (ii. 740), and alfo in a 
 note in Woolley's Journal (Gowan's Bibliotheca Americana). 
 It feems that Andros placed on record at Heralds' College 
 a very elaborate pedigree of his family, September i8th, 
 1686, a few days before he failed to affume the government 
 of New England. Although this document was ufed prob- 
 ably by Duncan, it is now printed for the firft time in full, 
 from a tranfcript made by Jofeph L. Chefler, Efq., of London. 
 
 The family of Andros, or Andrews as it is more frequently 
 fpelt, was of great antiquity in Northamptonfliire, being long 
 fettled at Winwick in that county. One branch, which was 
 raifed in 1641 to the dignity of Baronet, was refident at 
 Denton in the fame county ; and from the fimilarity of the 
 arms, it is evident that Sir Edmund claimed the fame pater- 
 nity. The pedigree recorded at Heralds' College is as follows. 
 
 2 Mr. 
 
=Judith de Saufmarez onlydaurrof 
 Thomas de Saufmarez Lord of the 
 Seigneurie of Saufmarez, and fifter 
 and heir to George Saufmarez her 
 brother, married A° 1543. She dyed 
 at Saufmarez, A° 1557, and was 
 buried in y® Church of St. Martin. 
 
 Alix Roiiaux=John Andros, eldeft fon of the=Secille Blondel daur:=Margaret, 
 
 Mr. John Andros, (alias Andrews,) an Eng-= 
 lifh Gentleman born in Northamptonfh: came 
 into the Ifle of Guernfey with S"^ Peter Mew- 
 tis Knt. Governor of the faid Ifle as his Lieu- 
 tenant, and was afterwards a Cap' of Foot 
 in Calais, where he dyed and was buried, 
 A° 1554. 
 
 faid John was the King's Ward 
 and committed to the cuftody of 
 S'' Leonard Chamberlain, Knt. 
 Governour of the faid Ifle until 
 he came of age, which having at- 
 tained he did his homage, and 
 payd the Relief due to the King 
 for the faid Seigneurie, and had 
 pofTeffion thereof, and was made Capt. of the 
 Parifli of St. Martin, and 28 May 1582, was 
 fworne one of y* Juftices of the Royal Court. 
 
 wid : of Mon 
 fieur John de 
 la Cour, fec- 
 ond wife, ob- 
 ijt s. pr. A° 
 1595- 
 
 of Mr. John Blondel, daur : of 
 one of the Juftices of Mons"' 
 
 the Royall Court in Thomas 
 
 the faid Ifle of Guern- Compton, 
 
 fey. Married to Mr. Bailly of 
 
 John Andros, fon of the faid 
 
 John Andros before Ifle, third 
 
 mentioned, 24 06i : wife. 
 1570, dyed 6 May 1588 
 and was buried at St. 
 Martins. Firft wife. 
 
 Mary Careye, daur: of=Thomas Andros, eldefl fon, born at=Elizabeth Carteret, 
 
 Mr. NicoUas Careye, 
 one of the Jufl:ices of 
 the Royal Court, Mar- 
 ried 1° Jun: 1597, and 
 dyed in childbed with- 
 out Iffue furviving, 6 
 Nov: 1598. Firft wife. 
 
 Saufmarez, 16 061. 1571. He was 
 fworne one of the Juftices of the 
 Royal Court after the death of his 
 father, 2 Febr: 1609, and Lieut' 
 Governor of Guernfey under my 
 Lord Carew Governo'' 8 Jun : 161 1, 
 and dyed 18 Apr: 1637, at Sauf- 
 marez, and was there buried. 
 
 eldeft daur: of M"»' 
 Amice de Carteret, 
 Seign' de la Trinite, 
 Lieut' Governo^ and 
 Bailly of the Ifle of 
 Guernfey married 22 
 061: 1606, dyed 3 
 Jan : 1672. 2'' Wife. 
 
 Catherine 
 
 married 
 
 to Mons"^ 
 
 John 
 Bonamy. 
 
 |2 
 
 Amice Andros born at Saufmarez 5 Sept. 
 1610. He was made Marfliall of y* Cer- 
 emonies to King Charles I. A° 1632. 
 Bailly of the Ifle of Guernfey by K. Ch. 
 2 upon his Coronation in Scotland. Bay- 
 liflf of the Royal Court in Guernfey A° 
 1661, and Major of the Forces of the 
 faid Ifle. He dyed at Saufmarez, 7 Apr. 1674. 
 
 I I I 
 =Elizabeth Stone 3 Thomas 
 fifter of S"" Rob- 4 Jofuah 
 ert Stone, Knt., 5 & John, 
 Cup -Bearer to died un- 
 the Queen of married. 
 Bohemia, and 
 Captain of a 
 Troop of horfe in Holland. 
 
 1 Amice S"^ Edmond Andros, Knt. born at London, 6 Dec.= 
 
 and 1637, made Gentl: in Ordinary to the Queen of Bo- 
 
 2 Eliza- hernia, A° 1660, and Major to the Regim' of foot 
 beth, fent into America A° 1666. After that, Major to 
 dyed Prince Rupert's Regim' of Dragoons A° 1672. He 
 young, was fworne Bailly of the Royall Court in Guernfey 
 
 30 Junij 1674, and fhortly after was conftituted Gov- 
 ernor general of New York in America and knight- 
 ed on his return from thence, A° 168 1. He was fworn Gentl: 
 of y^ Privy Chamber to the King A° 1683, and in y* year 1685 
 was made Lieut' Colonell to her Royal Highn' the Pr. Anne 
 of Denmark's Reg' of Horfe, commanded by the Earl of 
 Scarefdale, and laftly this prefent year 1686 was made Gov- 
 erno' of New England. 
 
 =Marie Craven eldeft 
 daughter of Thomas 
 Craven, and filler of 
 S'' William Craven 
 of Apletrewick, in 
 Com: Ebor: and of 
 Combe Abbey in Co: 
 Warr: Knight, heir 
 in Reverfion to the 
 Barony of Ham- 
 fted Marfliall. Mar- 
 ried in Febr: 1671. 
 
[Heralds' College, Book 2 D, XIV. fol. 175".] 
 
 Andros. — Gules, a faltire or furmounted by another vert, on a chief argent 3 mullets fable. [No creft.] 
 Sausmarez. — Argent, on a chevron gules between 3 leopards' faces fable as many caftles triple towered or. 
 
 Creft : a falcon affrontant proper, beaked and membered or, [tici wings expanded as in the armory.] 
 
 Supporters : Dexter, a unicorn, tail cowarded, argent ; Sinifter, a greyhound argent collared gules garnifhed or. 
 [" This is a true Account of the Marriages and Iffues of my family, and of the Armes we have conftantly 
 
 borne fmce our coming into Guernfey, as alfo of the Arms Creft and Supporters of Saufmarez whofe heir 
 
 General we married. Witnes my hand this i8th of September, 1686. 
 
 E. Andros."] 
 
 John, dyed 
 unmarried. 
 
 13 
 
 Thomas, dyed 
 young. 
 
 14 
 
 Elizabeth, married to Mr. 
 Peter Painfec, Minifter of 
 St. Peters Port. 
 
 I« 
 Mary, died 
 an infant. 
 
 16 |7 |8 |9 
 
 Elizabeth, Anne, Secille, Charles= 
 married to died married Andros, 
 Monfieur an in- to Capt: Seigne'r 
 John Do- fant. Nicollas D'Anne- 
 bree, mer- Ling. ville, 
 
 chant. living 
 
 1686, marr: to his firfl wife, 
 Collette, daur : of Jonas le 
 Marchant by whom he had iffue onely 
 one daugh'': Elizabeth who dyed young. 
 
 Alix, dau : 
 
 and fole 
 
 heir of M. 
 
 Thomas 
 
 Fafhin, 
 
 Seigneur 
 
 D'Anne- 
 
 ville, 
 
 2d wife. 
 
 1 10 
 Peter, 
 died Andros, 
 nth and 
 
 an m- 
 
 William=Judith, 
 dau: of 
 Mon" 
 
 fant. 
 
 youngeft 
 child, 
 dyed 7 
 Nov : 1679, 
 aetat: 47 An. 
 
 John 
 Blon- 
 dell. 
 
 Charles Andros,=Rachell, 
 
 born 9 Apr ; A° 
 1662. 
 
 daur : of 
 
 Mr. 
 James 
 Careye. 
 
 12 I j 
 
 Amice Andros, 3 John, and 
 
 fecond fon, mar- 4 Judith, 
 
 ried Magdalen dyed 
 
 Mancell. young. 
 
 Charles Andros, 
 born 15 Sept: 
 1662. Married 
 Elizab : Mauger 
 widow of Mon" 
 Tho: de Beau- 
 voir. 
 
 Thomas, 
 born 25 
 Mart: A° 
 1672. 
 
 Mary, 
 married 
 to Mr. 
 
 Jean 
 Renouf, 
 Mer- 
 chant. 
 
 14 
 
 Anne, 
 
 born 
 
 21 
 
 Nov. 
 1667. 
 
 11 12 
 
 Rachell, born Anne, born 
 A° 1683. 1685. 
 
 I I 
 
 4 Richard, 
 
 and 
 
 5 Elizabeth, 
 
 dyed 
 young. 
 
 John Andros, born 
 2 Nov : 1642. Mar- 
 ried Anne Knapton. 
 
 1 Elizabeth, 
 
 2 Marie, 
 
 3 Amice, mort. 
 
 4 Anne, 
 
 5 John, 
 
 6 Carterette, mort. 
 
 7 Edmond, mort 
 
 8 Caefar, 
 
 9 Edmond. 
 
 George Andros, born 
 5 061 : 1646. Married 
 Anne Blondel, and 
 dyed 8° Nov : 1664. 
 
 1 John, 
 
 2 George, 
 
 3 Charles, 
 
 4 Mary, 
 
 5 Anne. 
 
 Carterette Andros, 
 married to Mr. 
 Caefar Knapton, an 
 Englifli Gentl : 
 
 T 
 
 Elizabeth Knapton 
 only child, married 
 to Mr. Will: le 
 Marchant, eldeft 
 fon of Mr. James 
 le Marchant, A" 
 1684. 
 
Vlll 
 
 At the fame time Sir Edmund recorded his coat-of-arms 
 as defcribed in the following document at Heralds' College, 
 Grants of Arms, Book i, 26. fol. 98. 
 
 " Whereas S' Edmund Andros, Knight, Lord of y" Seignorie of Saufma- 
 rez in the Ifland of Guernfey, hath made application to me, Henry, Duke 
 of Norfolk, Earl Marfliall of England &c. that his Arms maybe Regiftered 
 in the College of Arms in fuch manner as he may lawfully bear them, with 
 refpe6l to his Defcent from the antient Family of Saufmarez in y* faid Ifle, 
 there being no entries in the College of Arms of the Defcents or Arms of 
 the Families in that Ifle : And whereas it hath been made out unto me 
 that his Great Grandfather's Father, John Andros al? Andrews, an Englifli 
 Gentleman, borne in Northamptonfhire, coming into the Ifle of Guernfey 
 as Lieut' to S" Peter Mewtis, Knight, the Governour, did there marry, 
 A° 1543, with Judith de Saufmarez, only daughter of Thomas Saufmarez, 
 fon and heir of Thomas Saufmarez, Lords of the Seignorie of Saufmarez 
 in the faid Ifle, which Judith did afterwards become heir to her brother 
 George de Saufmarez, Lord of the faid Seignorie : And that John Andros, 
 Efq'., fon and heir of the faid John and Judith, had the s? Seignorie with 
 its appurtenances and all Rights and Privileges thereto belonging, adjudged 
 to him by the Royal Comm? of the faid Ifle, A? 1607, againfl the heirs 
 male of the faid Family of Saufmarez, who then fued for the fame, as find- 
 ing it to be held of the King by a certain Relief and certain Services, all 
 which were infeparable from the faid Seignorie : And whereas it hath been 
 made [to] appear unto me by an Antient Seal of one Nicollas de Saufma- 
 rez, which feems to be between 2 and 300 years old, and by other Authori- 
 ties, that the faid Family of Saufmarez have conftantly borne and ufed the 
 Arms herein impreffed, I the faid Earl Marfliall, confidering that the fore- 
 mentioned Sr Edmund Andros, Knt., and his Anceftors, from the time of 
 the faid John Andros who married the heir generall of Saufmarez as afore- 
 faid, have fucceffively done Homage to the Kings of England for y* s** 
 Seignorie, and thereupon have been admitted into and received full 
 poffeffion thereof, do order and require. That the Arms of Andros (as the 
 faid S' Edmund and his Anceftors ever flnce their coming into the faid Ifle 
 have borne the fame) quartered with the Arms of Saufmarez as they are 
 
 hereunto 
 
IX 
 
 hereunto annexed,' be, together with the Pedigree of the faid S' Edmund 
 Andros (herewith alfo tranfmitted) fairly regiftered in y' College of Arms 
 by the Regifler of the faid College, and allowed unto him the faid S' Ed- 
 mund Andros, and the heirs of his body lawfully begotten, and of the body 
 of his Great Grandfather John Andros, fon and heir of the forementioned 
 John Andros and Judith de Saufmarez, having, poffeffing and enjoying the 
 faid Seignorie, to be borne and ufed by him and them on all occafions 
 according to the Law of Arms : And for fo doing this fliall be a fufficient 
 warrant. 
 
 Given under my hand and feal the 23? day of September, 1686, in the 
 fecond year of the Reigne of our Soveraigne Lord King James the 
 Second, &c. 
 
 Norfolke & Marfliall." 
 To the Kings Heralds, 
 and Purfuiv!? of Arms, 
 
 During the exile of the Stuarts, Edmund Andros ferved 
 in the army of Prince Henry of Naffau (Palfrey, iii. 127), 
 and was faithful to their caufe. His family indeed was 
 eminent among the adherents of the King, as appears by the 
 pardon granted 13th Auguft, 1660, by Charles II. to the 
 inhabitants of Guernfey. In it he declares that Amice An- 
 dros, Edmund his fon, and Charles his brother, Sir Henry 
 Davie, bart, and Nathaniel Darell, during the preceding 
 troubles " continued inviolably faithful to his Majefly, and 
 confequently have no need to be comprifed in this general 
 pardon." So alfo we learn by the monument to Elizabeth, 
 
 mother 
 
 * The Andrews family of Denton bore are faid to be " a chevron between three 
 
 " Gules, a faltire or, furmounted of pelicans vulning themfelves." Such a 
 
 another vert." O'Callaghan and Trum- coat indeed is found on the monument 
 
 bull (Col. Rec. of Conn. 'ii. 392) have of Amice Andros, but they undoubtedly 
 
 followed an error in Berry's Hittory of belong to his wife Elizabeth Stone, the 
 
 Guernfey, wherein the arms of Andros mother of Governor Andros. 
 
 3 
 
mother of Sir Edmund, that Ihe " fhared with her hufband 
 the troubles and exile to which he was expofed for feveral 
 years in the fervice of Charles I. and Charles 11."^ 
 
 Edmund Andros received his firft confiderable preferment 
 by being made Gentleman in Ordinary to the Queen of 
 Bohemia in 1660. He had undoubtedly been attradled to 
 her fervice through the pofition of his uncle, Sir Robert 
 Stone, who was Cup-bearer to that princefs, and he was after- 
 wards more clofely allied to her friends in confequence of his 
 marriage. Whether any part of his youthful years while he 
 was a page in the Royal fervice, had been fpent in her 
 houfehold or not, it is worthy of notice that as a young man 
 Andros was in a pofition to acquire the accomplifliments of 
 a Court, and to behold Royalty in its moft fafcinating form. 
 
 Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, was the only daughter of 
 King James I. of England, and was born 19th Auguft, 1596. 
 She was married 27th Dec. 161 2, to Frederick V., Count 
 Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria and Silefia, who 
 was foon elected King of Bohemia, but loft all his poffeffions 
 by the fortune of war. He died at Mentz, November 19th, 
 1632, having had thirteen children, of whom the beft known 
 were Prince Rupert, and Sophia, wife of Erneft Auguflus, 
 Eledlor of Hanover, mother of George I. of England. 
 
 The Queen of Bohemia had fhared the exile and misfor- 
 tunes of her Englifli relatives, and returned to England, 1 7th 
 May, 1 66 1. She died February 13th, 1662, at London. 
 
 Hiftorians 
 
 '' "She lived with her husband 42 dren." She died 25 Dec. 1686, aged T^. 
 years and was the mother of 9 chil- (Berry, Hift. Guernfey.) 
 
XI 
 
 Hlflorians have agreed in defcribing this princefs as a 
 moft charming woman. Jesse (Court of England) writes 
 thus : " Lively in her manners, affecftionate in her difpofition, 
 and beautiful in her perfon ; throwing a charm and a refine- 
 ment over the fecial intercourfe of life ; fhe yet poffeffed 
 with all thefe qualities, a ftrength of mind which never 
 became mafculine ; talents which were never obtrufive, and 
 a warmth of heart which remained with her to the end." 
 "In profperity modeft and unaffuming; in adverfity fur- 
 mounting difficulties and dignifying poverty, her charadler 
 was regarded with enthufiafm in her own time, and has won 
 for her the admiration of pofterity." " In the Low Countries 
 fhe was fo beloved as to be ftyled ' the Queen of Hearts.' " 
 
 During her long widowhood, her chief advifer and friend 
 was William, Earl of Craven, and it was to the fifter of the 
 chofen heir to a portion of the honors of this nobleman, that 
 Edmund Andros was married, in 1671. It has been believed 
 that the Earl of Craven was married to the Queen, and he 
 was certainly one of the bravefl and mofl honored gentlemen 
 of his time. 
 
 In 1666, Andros was made Major of a Regiment of foot, 
 which was fent to America. Duncan writes that Andros 
 diftinguifhed himfelf in the war againfl the Dutch, and was 
 in 1672, "commander of the forces in Barbados and had 
 obtained the reputation of being fkilled in American affairs." 
 
 In February, 1671, Andros married Marie, oldell daughter 
 of Thomas Craven of Appletreewick, co. York, and thus 
 fifter to the " heir in reverfion to the Barony of Hamfted- 
 
 Marfhall." 
 
Xll 
 
 Marfhall." This match is a fufficient proof of the eftimation 
 in which he was held, as the lady was fifter of the defignated 
 heir of the Earl of Craven, his former patron. The pedigree 
 of the Cravens will be befl underftood by the annexed tabular 
 ftatement." The " Peerages " have left the matter obfcure, 
 
 but 
 
 ejohn Craven= 
 
 Henry= dau. of 
 
 of Appletreewick. — Sherwood. 
 
 Wiiliam= 
 
 =Beatrix, dau. of 
 John Hunter. 
 
 Robert= 
 
 :Mary, dau. of 
 — Brockden. 
 
 Sir William=Elizabeth, Anthony: 
 
 Lord Mayor 
 of London, 
 
 dau. of 
 Wm. Whitmore. 
 
 William 
 
 Earl of Craven. 
 
 d. s. p. 
 
 John 
 
 Lord Craven of 
 
 Ryton. 
 
 d. s. p. 
 
 Thomas 
 d. s. p. 
 
 Sir William: 
 
 of Lench- 
 
 wike, 
 
 d. 1665, 
 
 aet. 46. 
 
 William 
 d. V. p. 
 Aug. 13, 1665. 
 aet. 16. 
 
 :Mary, dau. of Sir Thomas=Anne, dau. of Sir Anthony 
 
 Ferdinando, Francis Proftor, 
 
 Vif(5l. Fairfax, of Beckwith. Elizabeth, 
 
 of Cameron. dau. of Baron 
 
 Pelnitz, 
 d.s.p. 
 
 Elizabeth=Theophilus 
 Leigh. 
 
 Sir William^Mary, dau 
 
 21 Aug. 1638. 
 24 06t. 1695. 
 
 of Sir Chriftopher 
 
 Chapham of 
 Beamfley, co. York 
 
 Mary=Sir E. 
 
 Andros, 
 
 Alice=Wm. Topham 
 Margaret=Chrirtopher 
 Daufon. 
 
 William, 
 
 b. 4 Oa. 1668, 
 
 2d Lord Craven, 
 
 of Hampfted Marfhall. 
 
 I I I 
 
 I 
 
 Thomas=Margaret Craven, 
 dau. of Rob* 
 d. 23 Feb. 1702. 
 a<red 80. 
 
 Sir William=:Mary, 
 of Winwick, dau. of 
 d. Mch,i707, George 
 aet. 73. Gierke. 
 
 Sir Robert=Margaret, 
 
 d. 4 oa. 
 
 1672, 
 aet. 40. 
 
 Sir Anthony=Theodofia, 
 Bart, of dau. of 
 
 Sperfliolt, Sir Wm. 
 
 1661, d. 1713. Wifeman. 
 
Xlll 
 
 but it has been rendered plain by fome articles in " Notes 
 and Queries " for 1868. The Earl of Craven, after the death 
 of his brothers, entailed the Barony on his more diftant 
 coufnis of Appletreewick, omitting the iffue of his uncle 
 Anthony Craven. At his death, April 9th, 1697, the title 
 paffed to William Craven, nephew of Lady Andros. 
 
 It is poffible that Andros came to England for the mar- 
 riage, and returned to Barbados ; but we . think it more 
 probable that the regiment had been recalled to England. 
 Duncan ftates that in April, 1672, a regiment raifed for 
 Prince Rupert was armed for the firft time with the bayonet, 
 that Andros was made Major, and the four Barbados compa- 
 nies then under his command were incorporated in it. In 
 the fame month, the proprietors of the Province of Carolina, 
 of which the Earl of Craven was one, conferred on him the 
 title of Landgrave, with four Baronies, containing 48,000 
 acres of land. 
 
 In April, 1674, Andros fucceeded his father In his eftates 
 in Guernfey, and 30 June, was fworn as Bailly of the ifland, 
 the reverfion of that office having been before granted him. 
 
 We do not find mention of the occafion which recom- 
 mended him to the attention of the Duke of York, but 
 from his early attendance on the royal family, and his excep- 
 tional loyalty, he had probably long been known to that 
 prince. Andros was accordingly feledted to be the Governor 
 of the Province of New York, which was claimed by the 
 Duke, and had recently been reftored to him by the Dutch. 
 
 He 
 
 4 
 
XIV 
 
 He arrived in this country, November ifl, 1674, accompanied 
 by his wife. 
 
 A brief notice of the events which had occurred in this 
 country immediately before his arrival, may render his fubfe- 
 quent proceedings more intelligible to the reader. 
 
 On the 27th of Auguft, 1664, the Dutch Colony of New 
 Netherland was furrendered to an Englifli force under Col. 
 Richard Nicolls. The King, Charles II., had already 
 granted it, by patent dated 12 March, 1664, to his brother, 
 the Duke of York. After it had been held by the Englifli 
 for over nine years, the Dutch had recaptured it, Augull; 9, 
 1673; t)ut under the terms of the treaty of peace, it was 
 reftored to its Englifli owners. In a letter dated ^ July, 
 1674, the Dutch embaffadors wrote that they had complied 
 with the orders from the States-General to notify the King 
 that the Province would be delivered to his agent ; that 
 Edmund Andros had been defignated as the perfon, and 
 was to fail before the end of the week. (N. Y. Col. Doc. ii. 
 733.) The Colony at that time was eftimated to contain 
 between fix and feven thoufand white inhabitants, to which 
 number were to be added the Englifli fettlers on Long Ifland. 
 Andros's commiffion, which was dated July i, 1674, made 
 him " Lieutenant and Governor " over that part of Maine 
 which was flyled Pemaquid, Long Ifland, Nantucket and 
 Martha's Vineyard, and the territory from the weft fide of 
 Connedlicut River to the eaft fide of Delaware Bay. This 
 latter territory comprifed not only the State of New York, 
 but Delaware, New Jerfey and a large portion of Connedli- 
 
 cut ; 
 
XV 
 
 cut; the claim of the Duke of York to which domains was 
 by no means undifputed. 
 
 Andros was at the fame time commiffioned as captain of 
 a regiment of foot, raifed by the Duke of York for fervice in 
 the Colony, and received the neceffary money for the expenfes 
 attendant upon eftablifliing the new government. He was 
 accufed by fome of the Dutch colonifts of having exa(5led a 
 new and unlawful oath of allegiance from them, but this 
 difficulty feems to have fpeedily fubfided. His infl:ru61:ions 
 had been explicit that he fliould not difturb thofe colonifts 
 who defired to remain in good faith, and we fee no reafon to 
 doubt that Andros fulfilled his orders. He has left an 
 account of his adminiftration for the firft three years (N. Y. 
 Col. Doc. iii. 254-7) from which we take the principal items. 
 
 In 0<5lober, 1674, he fays, that having received poffeffion 
 of New York and reduced the eaft end of Long Ifland, he 
 took in hand the turbulent at various other places ; thefe 
 once quieted, the country had been peaceful ever fmce. The 
 next fummer he commenced to prefs the Duke's claim to 
 that part of the country between the Hudfon and Connedlicut 
 rivers. He therefore wrote feveral letters to the Governor 
 and General Court of Conne6licut, but it may eafily be 
 believed that the claim was only a matter of form. In fa6l, 
 both parties had a patent for the fame land, fmce the Con- 
 necticut Charter covered all the land from the Narraganfett 
 Bay, due well to the South Sea, and the Duke of York's 
 territory was to be carved from this domain. Andros indeed 
 fays with truth that the Englifli claim had been abandoned, 
 
 fmce 
 
XVI 
 
 fince under that patent Connecticut might claim " New 
 Jerfey, Delaware, Maryland, Carolina and the Spanifli Weft 
 Indies," as well as all New York. The Duke of York was 
 not clifpofed to prefs the matter, and wrote to Andros in 
 January, 1675-6, that he approved of the. demand, as pre- 
 ferving his title entire, but hoped for fome more convenient 
 method of adjufting the boundaries in the future; the only 
 flipulation he made, was that the Conne6licut men fliould 
 not approach within twenty miles of the Hudfon River. 
 Within a month, however, the hoftile attitude of the Indians 
 compelled the eaftern colonics to apply to Andros for aid in 
 the alarming pofition of affairs. On the ift of July, 1675, a 
 letter was fent by Gov. Winthrop of Conne6licut to New 
 York, and Andros not only was " much troubled at the 
 Chriftians' misfortunes and hard difaflers in thofe parts," but 
 he propofed to ftart at once, with a force " ready to take fuch 
 refolutions as may be fit for me," and to make the beft of his 
 way to Connecticut River ; " his royal Highnefs's bounds," 
 as he fignificantly termed them. 
 
 This was more than the colonifts had anticipated ; yet they 
 were unwilling to bring the difpute of boundaries to an open 
 rupture, efpecially at fuch a time. Andros, therefore, was 
 allowed to come to Saybrook with his two fmall veffels, and 
 was met by Robert Chapman and Thomas Bull in behalf of 
 the Colony. Various protefls were exchanged, and Andros 
 caufed the Duke of York's Charter and his commiffion to 
 be read. After this ceremony, he declared he fliould depart 
 immediately unlefs dehred to ftay. In return, the agents of 
 the Colony, who had ftudioufly difavowed any fliare in thefe 
 
 proceedings, 
 
XVll 
 
 proceedings, read a proteft on the part of Conne6licut. And 
 fo " his Honor was guarded with the town foldiers to the 
 waterfide, went on board, and prefently fell down below the 
 Fort, with falutes on both fides." (Trumbull, Col. Rec. Conn, 
 ii. 584.) Thus both fides parted in peace, each content 
 with its own performance ; and a few years afterwards the 
 boundary was fettled by mutual conceffions. 
 
 Andros purfued his plans for prote6ling his Colony, fur- 
 niflied the neceffary arms and ammunition, and difarmed the 
 friendly Indians. Returning to New York, he called together 
 the neighboring fachems and renewed the treaties with them; 
 and in Auguft, 1675, he proceeded to Albany, where he 
 fucceeded in gaining the friendfliip of the Mohawks and 
 other powerful tribes. For nearly a year, till the death of 
 Philip, Auguft 12th, 1676, Maffachufetts and Connecticut fuf- 
 fered from the barbarous incurfions of the Indians. During 
 this time, Andros, by his own account, had remained unwil- 
 lingly idle, his offers of affiftance having been rejedied by his 
 neighbors. He would have brought into the field his Mo- 
 hawk allies, but the offer being flighted he could only keep 
 them true to their allegiance, build forts and boats, and 
 prevent any increafe of Philip's forces. He feems in fa6t to 
 have been greatly offended by the affertions of the Maffa- 
 chufetts Colony, that it was at Albany, and through his 
 connivance, that the hoftile Indians had obtained their fup- 
 plies of arms and ammunition. He fent two gentlemen to 
 Bofton to obtain fatisfa61;ion, and received only a letter 
 " clearing the magiftrates, but not the generalty, flill afperfed 
 without any known caufe, complaint or notice." So indig- 
 nant 
 
XVlll 
 
 nant was he at this falfe accufation, that after his arrival in 
 England, he petitioned the King in Council to caufe inquiry 
 into the truth of the matter; to which the agents, William 
 Stoughton and Peter Bulkley merely replied, that they were 
 not furniflied with the information, and that evil-minded 
 perfons might have fold ammunition to the Indians defpite 
 the Governor's prohibition ; in fliort, while evading all con- 
 ceffions or apologies, they infmuated the truth of the charge. 
 
 Towards the end of the fummer of 1676, the Indian 
 troubles broke out in the fettlements in Maine, and though 
 Maffachufetts had taken poffeffion of the Duke of York's 
 territory of Pemaquid, Andros exerted himfelf to prote6l the 
 fettlers there, and fent an armed floop thither. 
 
 In June, 1677, he fent a force to Pemaquid and conftru6led 
 a fort there, which he garrifoned with fifty men ; and he 
 undoubtedly contributed much to the pacification of that 
 country for the next few years. 
 
 In Auguft, 1677, he vifited Albany with an agent from 
 Maryland, and there received anew the affurances of the 
 friendfliip of the weftern Indians, At that time and place he 
 received permiffion from the Duke of York to take a brief 
 leave of abfence, and we tranfcribe a few paffages from the 
 letter. " I am glad to find the quiet condition of your gov- 
 ernment notwithftanding the late troubles that have been in 
 your neighbourhood." " In regard you exprefs a defire to 
 come for England for fome time to look after your own 
 concerns, if you fliall towards the end of this fummer con- 
 tinue 
 
XIX 
 
 tinue to be of that mind, (not doubting your care to fettle 
 all things during your abfence from your government in the 
 beft and fafeft manner), I do agree that you come away with 
 the lateft fliipping, fo as having the winter to yourfelf, you 
 may be ready to return to your government with the firft 
 fliips that go hence in the fpring." 
 
 Andros indeed, up to this time had merited the thanks of 
 his employer. He had kept the country at peace, and had 
 already made its revenue equal to its current expenfes. The 
 former laws in force during the Englifli rule had been re- 
 eftabliflied, and it would feem that he had even tried to 
 perfuade the Duke of York to concede to the fettlers fome 
 form of a legiflative Affembly. (N. Y. Col. Doc. ii. 235.) 
 He therefore communicated to the Council and General 
 Court of Affizes, in 06lober, the permiffion he had received 
 to vifit England, and arranged all matters likely to arife in 
 his abfence. On the 17th November, 1677, he failed from 
 New York, not accompanied by his wife probably, as we find 
 no mention of her. 
 
 During his flay in England at this time. Sir Edmund 
 Andros was knighted, a fuilficient proof of the favor in 
 which he was held at court. On the 8th April, 1678, he was 
 called before the Committee for Trade and Plantations, and 
 was examined in regard to affairs in New England as well 
 as in his own Colony. His anfwer was quite elaborate, and 
 is printed in the New York Colonial Documents, iii. 260-265. 
 In regard to his own Colony of New York, he eftimates the 
 towns, villages, and parifhes at about twenty-four in number, 
 
 the 
 
XX 
 
 the militia as numbering 2,000, the value of all eflates at 
 ;^ 1 50,000. He thinks a fubftantial merchant is one worth 
 ^500 to ^1,000, and a planter Is rich who has half as much 
 in moveables. 
 
 His opinion of the fettlements In New England certainly 
 does not feem unfriendly. He ftates indeed that " the a6ls of 
 trade and navigation are faid, and is generally believed, not 
 to be obferved in the Colonies as they ought," yet he adds, 
 " I do not find but the generality of the magiftrates and 
 people are well affecfled to the King and Kingdom, but moft 
 knowing no other government than their own, think it befl 
 and are wedded to and opinionate for it. And the magif- 
 trates and others in place, chofen by the people, think that 
 they are obliged to affert and maintain faid government all 
 they can, and are Church-members and like fo to be chofen, 
 and to continue without any confiderable alteration and 
 change there, and dejDcnd upon the people to juflify them in 
 their a6lings." 
 
 Andros at this time brought before the Council the matter 
 of the falfe charge that he had fupplied the Indians with 
 ammunition, and the Agents for Maffachufetts, William 
 Stoughton and Peter Bulkley accordingly replied, promifmg 
 " To do their utmoft endeavour " to remove any mifunder- 
 flandlng between Sir Edmund and their government. 
 
 On the 27th of May, 1678, he failed for New York In the 
 " Bloffom," taking with him William Pinhorne, James Gra- 
 ham, John White, John Wefl and others, including his 
 
 chaplain, 
 
XXI 
 
 chaplain, the Rev. Charles Woolley, whofe Journal was pub- 
 liflied in 1701/ 
 
 He arrived on the 7th September, 1678, and found his 
 Colony at peace, though there were ftill difficulties to be 
 apprehended in dealing with the Indians. During the next 
 two years Andros feems to have been much diilurbed by 
 controverfies with fome of the leading merchants, and com- 
 plaints were freely made to the Duke of York that his 
 Governor was diflionefl. Accordingly, James wrote, May 24, 
 1680, to Andros, (N. Y. Col. Doc. iii. 283,) that he wiflied 
 him to return to England " by the firft convenience," turning 
 over the government to Anthony Brockholft, the Lieutenant- 
 Governor. Mr. John Lewen was fent hither as afpecial com- 
 miffioner to invefligate the accounts of the government, and 
 his report (printed in N. Y. Col. Doc. iii. 302-8) was decidedly 
 unfavorable to Andros. The Governor, however, who had 
 failed from New York, January 7, 1681, was able to refute the 
 charges made againft him, and ends his reply as follows : — 
 
 " Laftly, I anfwer to the whole report, I do find all the 
 imputations upon myfelf to be wholly untrue and deny every 
 
 part thereof." " But if any objecSlions or doubts 
 
 remain, I am flill ready to fubje6l them to the greateft fcru- 
 tiny his Royal Highnefs fliall think fit, not doubting his 
 Royal Highnefs 's juftice and my own vindication." (N. Y. 
 Col. Doc. iv. 313.) 
 
 We have learned nothing refpe61:ing Andros's pofition in 
 England for the next five years, except that he was in favor 
 
 at 
 
 ^ It has been reprinted (New York, i860) with notes by Dr. E. B. O'Callaghan. 
 S 
 
XXI 1 
 
 at Court, being, In 1683, fworn Gentleman of the Privy 
 Chamber to the King, Charles II. He very probably devoted 
 his attention to hijs eftates in Guernfey, as in this year he and 
 his wife received from the Crown a grant of the Ifland of 
 Alderney for ninety-nine years, at a rent of thirteen fliillings. 
 In 1685, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel of the Princefs of 
 Denmark's Regiment of Horfe, commanded by the Earl of 
 Scarfdale. 
 
 The acceffion of James II. however, February, 1685, opened 
 a new profpe6t of advancement. Andros feems to have been 
 a ftaunch member of the Church of England, but his long 
 intimacy with the Duke of York had doubtlefs given that 
 Prince a favorable impreffion of his abilities. The Charter 
 of Maffachufetts, after a contefl extending through many 
 years, had been declared vacated, 06lober 23rd, 1684. The 
 notorious Col. Piercy Kirke*" had been defignated as the new 
 Governor by Charles II. and confirmed by James, but New 
 
 England 
 
 ^ Not much is known of Col. Piercy under the Earl of Feverfham during 
 
 Kirke. His father was Col. Lewis Monmouth's rebellion. His condu6l 
 
 Kirke, who in 1642-3 commanded the after that revolt was quelled, has cov- 
 
 Royal forces in the defence of Readiag ered his name with infamy, and Macau- 
 
 againft the troops under Hampden, ley has drawn his charafter in vivid 
 
 (Lord Nugent's Life of Hampden, ii. colors. He was made Brigadier-Gen- 
 
 339-343.) Some account of Kirke is era! in 1685, was one of thofe who joined 
 
 given in " Notes and Queries," 2nd S. William of Orange, and diftinguiflied 
 
 viii. 472. It feems that Piercy Kirke, in himfelf at the battle of the Boyne in 
 
 1673, ferved under the Uuke of Mon- 1690. He was promoted to the rank of 
 
 mouth in tiie army of the King of Lieutenant-General in the fame year, 
 
 France. In 1675, he was Captain-Lieu- was fent to the army in Flanders, and 
 
 tenant in the Royal regiment of Horfe- died at Breda, 06tober 31, 1691. 
 
 Guards ; and in 1680, he was made He married Lady Mary Howard, 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel of the 2nd Tangier daughter of George, fourth Earl of Suf- 
 
 regiment. He was foon after made folk. From the identity of names it is 
 
 Colonel of this regiment, and in 1682 probable that his fon was the Percy 
 
 was transferred to the Queen's regi- Kirke who in 1735 was a Brigadier- 
 
 ment. In 1684, he came with his regi- General, commanding the King's Own 
 
 ment to England, and was employed Regiment of Foot. 
 
XXI 11 
 
 England had been fpared the afflldion of his prefence. 
 Jofeph Dudley had been commiffioned as Prefident of the 
 Council, and ferved as chief magiftrate from May 15th, 1686, 
 till December 19th following. 
 
 Andros was commiffioned Governor in chief in and over 
 the dominion of New England, June 3, 1686, though his 
 appointment is fpoken of as fettled, in a letter from Ran- 
 dolph, dated at Bofton, July 28th of that year. (Hutchinfon 
 Papers, ii. 288, Prince Society's edition.) 
 
 It would feem as if Andros had received lefs than juftice 
 from the hiflorians of Maffachufetts. Hutchinson (Hift. i. 
 353) writes of him, "he was lefs dreaded than Kirke, but he 
 was known to be of an arbitrary difpofition. He kept a 
 correfpondence with the Colony whilfl he was Governor of 
 New York. His letters then difcovered much of the di6la- 
 tor." So Palfrey (iii. 517) in his admirable Hiflory, fays 
 that James " had known Andros many years as a perfon of 
 refolution and capacity, of arbitrary principles, and of habits 
 and tafles abfolutely foreign to thofe of the Puritans of New- 
 England ; and could fcarcely have been ignorant of his 
 perfonal grudge againft Maffachufetts, on account of old 
 affronts. It was not to be doubted that here was a man 
 prepared to be as oppreffive and offenfive as the King defired." 
 
 It is certainly but juflice to an officer who filled fo many 
 important pofitions to the entire fatisfa6lion of employers fo 
 different as James II. and William of Orange, to fcrutinize 
 with deliberation fuch charges againft his chara6ler, and to 
 infift upon undoubted evidence of his perfonal iniquities. 
 
 One 
 
XXIV 
 
 One thing feems evident, the government now Impofed on 
 New England was not the a6l of Andros, nor Is there any 
 proof that he fought the pofitlon of Governor. Randolph 
 indeed had labored for years to effe6l the downfall of the 
 Charter government; and as Palfrey has fliown In fucceffive 
 chapters, In aid of the fame purpofe were the efforts of Eng- 
 lifh merchants whofe trade was injured by the commercial 
 enterprife of Maffachufetts, and the denunciations of Engliili 
 politicians, who confidered the Charter government an in- 
 fringement of the Royal prerogative. We have feen no 
 evidence of Andros's complicity with thefe enemies of New 
 England, and no proof of an unfriendly difpofition when he 
 accepted office. 
 
 It will hardly be imputed to Andros as a fault that he took 
 the view of the Royal authority which prevailed at Court. 
 As a fubordlnate, appointed to a certain pofitlon to carry 
 out a certain policy, he had no choice but to obey or refign. 
 In carrying out the commands of his mafter, he can only be 
 blamed if his conduct was cruel or even harfli, in excefs of 
 his inftrudlilons. It will certainly be difficult, we think, to 
 faften any fuch fligma upon Andros. Leaving his political 
 offences, for which the King was refponfible, what perfonal 
 charges can be fubftantlated agalnft him ? 
 
 It is evident that no perfon was executed for a political 
 offence, and that none of the atrocities of Jeffreys or Lauder- 
 dale were repeated in this country. It is equally evident 
 that no one was fined or imprlfoned for non-confonnity to 
 the Church of England, and the contraff with the mother 
 
 country 
 
XXV 
 
 country Is entirely in our favor. If the fees exa6lcd were 
 exceffive, a point hereafter to be confidered, was Andros a 
 gainer thereby? From a report made at the time, and 
 printed in N. Y. Colonial Documents, iv. 263, it appears 
 that Andros was paid a fixed falary in 1686, of ^1200 fler- 
 ling; in 1687, the fame, and in 1688, ^1400 fterling, out of 
 the revenue. We have yet to learn of any claim made 
 againft Andros for fees illegally colle6tcd or for public money 
 mis-appropriated. Palmer indeed, in his Impartial Account, 
 makes a flrong defenfe for Andros on this head. The Coun- 
 cil were all old refidents; the Secretary and Colledlior, who 
 received the greateft fees, were not appointed by Andros, 
 and indeed Randolph quarrelled with him. The Treafurer 
 was John Uflier, who continued to refide here after the 
 downfall of Andros, and the Chief Juftice was Dudley. It 
 is hardly probable that Andros was refponfible for the ap- 
 pointment of any of the higher officials, nor fliould he be 
 juflly charged with the table of fees which was fixed for their 
 benefit by a committee of the Council. 
 
 Reduced to plain flatements, the perfonal charges againft 
 Andros feem to be, firft, a zeal for Epifcopacy, which led him 
 to infift upon having a place for Church fervices in one of 
 the Bofi;on meeting-houfes for a time ; and fecondly, a rude 
 or infolent carriage towards his difaffected fubjedls. 
 
 As to the firft, the fa6ts are patent, and they do not feem 
 to conftitute a very heinous offence. It was undeniably a 
 great annoyance to the members of the Old South Church, 
 to have the Governor ufe the building for Epifcopal fervices, 
 
 but 
 
XXVI 
 
 but as they were held only when " the building was not 
 occupied by the regular congregation," (Palfrey, iii. 522,) 
 we cannot greatly cenfure Andros for his courfe. 
 
 As to his treatment of perfons accufed of mifdemeanors, 
 we find but one inftance which was worthy of cenfure. The 
 cafe of the Rev. Mr. Wifwall of Duxbury, as narrated at 
 p. 100 of this volume, is an evidence of inhumanity on the 
 part of fome one. If he were compelled to journey and 
 appear before the Council when difabled by gout, it was an 
 acft difgraceful to the authorities; yet we muft add, that 
 Andros is not accufed diredly of being the perfecutor. The 
 other inflances fmk into infignificance, and at moft prove 
 only that Andros was a paffionate man, who did not hefitate 
 to exprefs uncomplimentary opinions very freely. When 
 Andros "called the people of the country Jacks and Toms;" 
 and when, the conftables having made an addrefs to Sir 
 Edmund as to how they fliould keep the peace if the failors 
 from the Frigate made a fray, " he fell into a great rage and 
 did curfe them and faid they ought to be fent to Gaol and 
 ordered Mr. Weft to take their names," — we cannot on that 
 account rank him with Kirke or Claverhoufe. 
 
 So in two cafes cited by his accufers, in pages 107 and 
 III following: when certain impertinent bufy-bodies brought 
 an Indian to teftify that Andros was engaged in a confpiracy 
 to bring on an Indian War, — a ftory whofe folly was only 
 equalled by the harm it might caufe if believed by the 
 people, — Andros contented himfclf with ridiculing them, 
 though afterwards they were fined by the courts. To prove 
 
 that 
 
XXVll 
 
 that he difcountenanced making defence againfh the Indians, 
 his opponents offer the teftimony of certain village officials, 
 whofe affidavits prove only that Sir Edmund probably had 
 read Shakefpeare. 
 
 We fail, therefore, to fee any evidence that Andros was 
 cruel, rapacious, or diflioneft ; we know of no charge affe6l- 
 ing his morality, and we find a hafty temper the moft palpable 
 fault to be imputed to him. 
 
 To return to our fketch of his public acls. He arrived at 
 Bofton, a place which he had before vifited in Odober, 1680, 
 to wait upon Lord Culpepper, (N. Y. Col. Doc. iii. 308,) 
 in the " Kingfiflier," Sunday, December 19, 1686, and landed 
 the next day attended by about fixty foldiers. He was 
 received with great acclamation of joy, and was efcorted by 
 a great number of merchants and others, to the Town Houfe. 
 He at once proceeded to organize his government, which it 
 mufl be remembered, as conftituted by his commiffion, was 
 compofed of the Governor and his Council. The other offi- 
 cers, judges, colle6lors, &c., were at hand, and the objedls of 
 the new rulers were foon difclofed. By lofmg their Charter 
 and its reprefentative form of government, the colonifts had 
 loft the privilege of taxing themfelves. The Governor 
 and Council impofed the tax; and when the inhabitants 
 of the town of Ipfwich attempted to refift the law, the 
 patriotic leaders of the movement were tried, fined and 
 imprifoned. The judges were Dudley, Stoughton, Uflier 
 and Randolph. This trial ended all attempts to difpute 
 this claim of the government, but it was only the natural 
 
 refult 
 
XXVI 11 
 
 refult of the forfeiture of the Charter, and in no fenfe the acft 
 of the Governor. 
 
 The other claim of the Crown was to the ownerfliip of all 
 the land, which involved two queftions, viz. as to lands already 
 owned by the fettlers, and wafte lands. The government 
 held that private titles were invalid, unlefs confirmed by the 
 Crown on the payment of a quit rent. Prepoflerous as this 
 do61:rine may feem, it had ftaunch defenders, and Andros was 
 in earnefl in enforcing it. Many complied with the require- 
 ments of the government, but the work was not completed 
 when the Revolution came. As to Andros's fliare of the 
 blame. Palmer makes the beft defence, when he points out 
 that Writs of Intrufion were brought only againfl a few 
 perfons to tefl the right, and thefe perfons were thofe able 
 to conteft the quefiion, and not obfcure individuals. The 
 moral queftion as to wafte lands is more difficult of decifion, 
 fince the argument is not without force, that it was better 
 for Andros to grant them to perfons who would improve 
 them, than for the towns to hold them, unimproved, as 
 commons. 
 
 Among the earlieft adis of Andros, was his extending his 
 authority over New Hampihire, Plymouth and Rhode Ifland, 
 as well as Maine and Maffachufetts. In 06lober, 1687, he 
 vifited Hartford, and took the government of Connecticut 
 alfo into his hands, and he afterwards traveled through that 
 Colony. The firft few months of 1688 were fpent at Bofton 
 in confolidating the legiflation neceffary for the future 
 guidance of the government. 
 
 He 
 
XXIX 
 
 He had at this time the misfortune to lofc his wife, who 
 died January 22, 1687-8, and was buried in the church-yard 
 adjoining King's Chapel/ 
 
 In April, 1688,^ Andros vifited Portfmouth and Pemaquid, 
 where he repaired the fort, and proceeding to Penobfcot, he 
 feized fome property of Caftine, a Frenchman who had fettled 
 there among the Indians. Returning to Bofton, "he found a 
 great promotion awaiting him in a new commiffion, creating 
 him Governor of all the Englifli poffeffions on the mainland, 
 except Pennfylvania, Delaware, Maryland and Virginia."^ 
 His command embraced New England, New York and New 
 Jerfey, with its capital at Boflon. 
 
 In July, Auguft and September, 1688, Andros made a tour 
 through the Colonies, going through the Jerfeys, and vifiting 
 New York city, Albany and Hartford. During this vifit he 
 
 had 
 
 ^ In Trumbull's Conn. Records, iii. As to the funeral, the following ac- 
 
 437, is a letter from John Weft to John count is given in Judge Sewall's Diary, 
 
 Allen at Hartford. It is dated January quoted in Bridgman's King's Chapel 
 
 2 1 ft, (Saturday,) and ftates that he writes Epitaphs, p. 318. "Between 4 and 5 I 
 
 to let Allen "know the great griefe and went to the funeral of the Lady Andros, 
 
 forrow wee are in for my Lady Andros, having been invited by the Clark of the 
 
 who fmce Tuefday laft was fevenight South Company. Between 7 and 8 
 
 hath been extreamly ill, and foe contin- (lychns illuminating the cloudy air) the 
 
 ues almoft at the Court of Death, and corpfe was carried into the herfe drawn 
 
 is a greate aftliftion to his Excellency by fix horfes, the foldiers making a 
 
 who is moft paffionately concerned. If guard from the Governor's houfe down 
 
 it ftiould pleafe God to call her to him- the Prifon Lane to the South meeting- 
 
 felfe, wee fhould all have a greate loffe houfe ; there taken out and carried in 
 
 of a right good and vertuous Lady." at the weftern door, and fet in the alley 
 
 In a poftcript Weft adds — " January before the pulpit, with fix mourning 
 
 26th. Mr. Belcher not proceeding on women by it. Houfe made light with 
 
 his intended Journey, have opportunity candles and torches. There was a great 
 
 to add that on Sunday laft the Lady noife and clamor to keep people out of 
 
 Andros departed this life, to the great the houfe that they might not rulh in 
 
 griefe and forrow of his Excellency and too foon. I went home." 
 
 all that knew her." e Palfrey, iii. 558, 561, 562. 
 6 
 
XXX 
 
 had held a conference with the chiefs of the Five Nations, 
 and had notified the Governor of Canada that thefe tribes 
 were under the prote6tion of the Enghfli. He muft there- 
 fore have been furprifed and difgufted to find that hoftihties 
 were imminent in the Colony of Maine. The caufe of this 
 outbreak was probably the refentment of Caftine, whofe 
 property had been taken by Andros in the fpring, and whofe 
 influence with the Penobfcots was great. 
 
 At firft, the Governor tried the effe6l of conciliation, but 
 finding this ufelefs, he colledted fome feven hundred troops,'' 
 and in November, 1688, he proceeded to Maine to defend 
 the fettlers there. He eftabliflied and garrifoned feveral 
 forts, a lift of which will be found in Mafs. Hift. Soc. Coll. 3rd 
 S. i. 85. At Pemaquid, he received information of the 
 probable defigns of the Prince of Orange upon England, 
 and January loth, 1689, he iffued the Proclamation which 
 will be found on p. 75 of the prefent volume. 
 
 He returned to Boflon early in March,' and the chief event 
 of that month was the accufation that he had entered into a 
 confpiracy with the Indians againft the Colony, a bafe and 
 foolifli calumny. On the 4th of April, 1689, the news of the 
 landing of the Prince of Orange in England was brought to 
 Bofton from Nevis by John Winflow, who had a copy of the 
 Prince's Declaration. Andros had been previoufly warned 
 however, by his friends in New York. 
 
 From this time until the i8th of April, there were doubt- 
 lefs plots and confpiracies without end. On that day the 
 
 people 
 ^ Palfrey, iii. 568. « Ibid, iii. 570. 
 
XXXI 
 
 people of Boflon rofe agalnft Andros and his government, 
 but no hint is given us of the real contrivers of the revolu- 
 tion. Palfrey, iii. 579, writes, " It would be very interefling 
 to know when and how the rifing in Bofton was proje6led. 
 But confpirators do not fliow their hands while they are at 
 their game ; and after the fettlement under King William, it 
 became altogether unfuitable for thofe who had been privy 
 to die fadls to let it be known that the infurre6lion at Boflon 
 w^as a movement independent of his enterprife." The con- 
 temporary accounts of the proceedings are numerous and 
 full of detail. Byfield's Account was printed very foon and 
 will be found in this volume ; Hutchinson gives in his 
 Hiftory, (i. Z7A~2>77^) ^ copy of a letter fent to Gov. Hinckley ; 
 Palfrey in the notes to his Hiftory, gives a number of 
 citations from original papers, including the narrative of 
 John Riggs, a fervant of Sir Edmund's ; and laft, O'Calla- 
 GHAN, (N. Y. Col. Documents, iii. 722,) prints Andros's 
 own verfion. The events themfelves are fo fully defcribed 
 in the following pages, that it is neceffary to fay only that 
 Andros, who was in the fort on Fort-hill, was obliged to 
 furrender on the firft day, April i8th, and was lodged under 
 guard at Mr. Uflier's houfe. On the 19th he was forced 
 to order the furrender of the Caftle in the harbor, and the 
 Rofe frigate was alfo given up and partially difmantled. A 
 provifional government was at once formed, and Andros 
 was transferred to the cuftody of John Nelfon at the fort. 
 We have printed in the prefent colle6lion a ftatement by 
 the Captain of the Caftle, of the good treatment afforded 
 Andros and his companions. It feems by Byfield's ftory, 
 that Sir Edmund made an unfuccefsful attempt to efcape 
 
 difguifed 
 
XXXI 1 
 
 difguifed in woman's apparel, in April ; he was more fuccefs- 
 ful on the 2nd of Aiiguft, when by the treachery of one of 
 the corporals, he efcaped from the Caftle and reached Rhode 
 Ifland. Waiting there too long, probably for fome veffel 
 bound to New York or to England, he was captured by 
 Major Sanford and fent back to his former prifon. 
 
 The following named perfons were imprifoned with An- 
 dros. (R. I. Records, iii. 257.) "Jofeph Dudley, Judge 
 Palmer, Mr. Randolph, Lt Col. Lidgett, Lt. Col. Macgregry, 
 Captain George, Major Brockholes, Mr. Graham, Mr. Weft, 
 Captain Treffry, Mr. Juftice Bullivant, Mr. Juflice Foxcroft, 
 Captain White, Captain Ravencroft, Enfign Pipin, Dr. Rob- 
 erts, Mr. Farewell, Mr. Jemefon, Mr. Kane, Mr. Broadbent, 
 Mr. James Sherlock, flieriff, Mr. Larkin, Captain Manning, 
 Lt. Jordaine, Mr. Cutler," — 25 in all, to which Byfield adds 
 Mr. Crafford and Mr. Smith, and Hutchinson fays that the 
 number feized and confined amounted to about fifty. Prob- 
 ably fome were foon releafed, or were too obfcure in rank to 
 be recorded. 
 
 It is our intention now to trace the perfonal fortunes of 
 the depofed Governor, rather than the courfe of his fucceffors. 
 He was kept prifoner until February, 1690, when, in accor- 
 dance with an order from England, Sir Edmund and his 
 companions were fent thither for trial. The order, which 
 was caufed by letters which they had managed to convey to 
 the Court, was dated July 30, 1689, but it did not reach 
 Bofton till very late in the year, and the prifoners were fent 
 
 by the firft opportunity.' 
 
 The 
 
 J See Hutchinson, i. 392; R. I. Records, iii. 256. 
 
XXXIU 
 
 The Colony fent over Elifha Cooke and Thomas Oakes to 
 affifl; their agents, Sir Henry Afliurfl and Increafe Mather, 
 in profecuting their charges againft Sir Edmund and his 
 affociates. We find in the New York Col. Documents, iii. 
 722, and alfo in R. I. Records, iii. 281, an account by Sir 
 Edmund of his adminiflration, which is termed by Palfrey 
 (iii. 587) "extremely difmgenuous," though we cannot affent 
 to this term. In it he fays that he and his friends were fent 
 to England " where, after fummons given to the pretended 
 agents of New England, and their twice appearance at the 
 Council Board, nothing being objected by them or others, 
 they were difcharged." 
 
 Hutchinson, indeed, (I. 394,) attempts to lay the blame of 
 this releafe of Andros and his more guilty affociates, upon 
 Sir John Somers, the counfel employed by the agents. It 
 may be nearer the truth to fay that Andros had committed 
 no crime for which he could be puniflied, and that he had in 
 no way exceeded or abufed the powers conferred upon him. 
 
 At all events, Andros was favorably received at home, and 
 in 1692 was appointed Governor of Virginia, to which com- 
 mand was joined that of Maryland. " He brought over to 
 Virginia the Charter of William and Mary College, of 
 which he laid the foundation. He encouraged manufadlures 
 and the cultivation of cotton In that Colony, regulated the 
 Secretary's office, where he commanded all the public papers 
 and records to be forted and kept in order, and when the 
 State Houfe was burned, had them carefully preferved, and 
 again forted and regiftered. By thefe and other commend- 
 able 
 
XXXIV 
 
 able adls, he fucceeded In gaining the efteem of the people, 
 and in all likelihood would have been flill more ufeful to the 
 Colony had his flay been longer, but his adminiftration clofed 
 in November, 1698." (0'CALLAGHAN,Woolley's Journal, p. 67.) 
 
 Strangely enough, the Governor who in Maffachufetts was 
 chiefly hated for his love of Epifcopacy, was overthrown in 
 Virginia for quarrelling with the Church authorities. The 
 Earl of Bellomont writes ,in 1690, in a letter printed in 
 N. Y. Col. Doc. iv. 490, " Sir Edmund Andros for quarrel- 
 ing with Dodlor Blair in Virginia, brought the refentment 
 of the Bifliop of London and the Church (they fay) on his 
 head, which is the reafon he has lofl his government, and by 
 the fame rule they would get me recalled by making this a 
 church quarrel." Bifliop Meade in his " Old Churches and 
 Families of Virginia," i. 157-8, gives fome account of this 
 controverfy. The opponent of Andros was the Rev. James 
 Blair, Commiffary of the Bifliop of London and Prefident 
 of the College, who feems to have paffed nearly all his life 
 in difputes with fucceffive Governors ; and it is no proof that 
 Andros was in the wrong that he was recalled and fuperfeded. 
 The record of the trial of Dr. Blair is preferved at Lambeth, 
 the refult being that he returned triumphant with a good 
 fum of money for his College. 
 
 Sir Edmund foon reappears, however, as the recipient of 
 Court favor, being in 1 704 appointed Governor of Guernfey, 
 an office which he held for two years, retaining alfo the pofl 
 of Bailiff of the Ifland, which he had for life. This is nearly 
 the laft we learn of him, and his age, nearly feventy years, 
 
 mufl 
 
XXXV 
 
 mufl have debarred him from farther fervice. We find his 
 name indeed among the new members in the " Proceedings 
 of the Society for the Propagation of the Gofpel in Foreign 
 Parts, 20 Feb. 171 2-3 to 19 Feb. 1713-4; '"^ and this was 
 in the laft year of his Hfe, as he was buried at St. Anne's, 
 Soho, Weftminfter, London, 27th Feb. 171 3-4, in his 76th 
 year. 
 
 There remain to be noticed only a few items in refpe61 to 
 Sir Edmund's marriages, all occurring after his return from 
 Virginia. 
 
 We do not know how foon after the death of his firft wife 
 in 1688 he married again; but the examination made for us 
 by Jofeph L. Chefter, Efq., of London, fliows that Sir Ed- 
 mund's fecond wife was Elizabeth, third daughter and co- 
 heirefs of Thomas Crifpe of Quekes, co. Kent. Her father, 
 who died in 1680, was the oldefl; fon of Thomas Crifpe, Efq. 
 of Gondhurfl, co. Kent, nephew and heir-male of Henry 
 Crifpe of Quekes. She was a widow, having married firft 
 Chriftopher Clapham, (fon of Sir Chriftopher Clapham, Knt. 
 of Clapham, co. York,) who died 15th November, 1677, and 
 was buried in Birchington Church, Ifle of Thanet, co. Kent : 
 by him fhe had but one child, Chriftopher Clapham, who is 
 mentioned in Andros's Will. It may be added, that Sir 
 William Craven, brother of the firft Lady Andros, married 
 Mary Clapham, afifter-in-law of this Mrs. Elizabeth Clapham. 
 The conne(51ion between the families rendered this fecond 
 marriage of Andros the more natural. 
 
 The 
 
 '' Communicated by W. S. Appleton, Efq. 
 
XXXVl 
 
 The fecond Lady Andros was buried at St. Giles'-In-the- 
 Fields, CO. Middlefex, Auguft i8th, 1703. 
 
 Sir Edmund married thirdly, April 21ft, 1707, Elizabeth 
 Fitzherbert, of whofe family nothing has been found. She 
 furvived him and was buried at St. Anne's, Soho, February 
 12th, 1 7 16-17. He left no iffue by any of his wives, though 
 reprefentatives of the family, in the line of his nephew, ftill 
 refide at Guernfey. 
 
 In reviewing the long public career of Sir Edmund An- 
 dros, we are ftruck not lefs by the amount of work which he 
 performed than by the cenfures which his fervices incurred. 
 He was the Governor at times of every Royal Province on 
 the main-land, and exercifed a larger influence than any 
 other of the rulers fent hither by Great Britain. He was 
 repeatedly accufed of diflionefhy and oppreffion, yet he paffed 
 harmlefs through repeated examinations only to receive frefh 
 promotion. He was apparently the chofen follower of James, 
 and yet there is no reafon to fufpe6l him of any difloyalty to 
 his country at the anxious period when that monarch was 
 flriving to retain his throne. He was intruded by William 
 with the government of Virginia, and was honored by Queen 
 Anne ; thus holding office under four fucceffive monarchs. 
 Surely there mufl have been fome noble traits of chara6ler 
 in a man thus perpetually involved in contefts and thus 
 invariably fuccefsful. 
 
 It is certainly to be regretted that we have been led to 
 form our opinion of Andros from the reports of men who 
 were deeply interefled in maligning him. That his govern- 
 ment 
 
XXXVll 
 
 ment was diflafleful to the citizens of Maffachufetts is unde- 
 niable, but no man fent here to perform the fame duty would 
 have been acceptable. In reality the grievance of the colo- 
 nifts lay in the deflru6lion of their Charter, and filled with 
 hatred to thofe who had thus deprived them of this accuf- 
 tomed liberty, they were at enmity with every form of 
 government that might be impofed in its place. The leaders 
 indeed found that a refloration of the Charter was impoffible, 
 but Increafe Mather's letters teftify how relu61:antly the 
 people acquiefced, and how fliarply he was blamed for not 
 effe6ling impoffibilities. 
 
 As to the government of Andros, we fail to fee in it any 
 fpecial hardlhips or perfecution. He himfelf declares that 
 he levied for the expenfes of the State only the ufual annual 
 tax of a penny in the pound, which had been the rate for 
 the previous fifty years. If other officers, not appointed by 
 him, nor under his control, charged unmerciful fees, that 
 was a matter to be urged againfl them. It is a fignificant 
 fa(5t, however, that moft of thefe officers remained in America 
 and were unmolefted. If under inftrucSlions from the Crown, 
 and fortified by the opinions of Englifh judges, he attempted 
 to colledl rent for lands which the fettlers claimed were their 
 own, unlefs he ufed fraud or violence, he fhould no more be 
 blamed than the lawyers employed in the cafes. 
 
 We fee then no reafon to doubt that Sir Edmund Andros 
 
 was an upright and honorable man, faithful to his employers, 
 
 confcientious in his religious belief, an able foldier, poffeffed 
 
 of great adminiftrative abilities, a man worthy to be ranked 
 
 among the leaders of his time. He may have been hafly of 
 
 fpeech, 
 7 
 
XXXVlll 
 
 fpeech, yet his words were followed by no a(5ls of revenge ; 
 he may have been proud of his anceftry and his pofition at 
 Court, yet we find no evidence that his pride exceeded the 
 bounds of decorum. He was fmgularly fortunate in acquir- 
 ino; the affe6lion of the Indians at a time when their orood- 
 will was of immenfe importance ; and his overthrow was the 
 precurfor of one of the moft difaftrous Indian wars that New 
 England ever experienced. 
 
 It fliould be remembered, finally, that he labored under the 
 difadvantage of being here at the time of a tranfition in 
 affairs. He was faft building up a party here of thofe who 
 wifhed to affimilate Maffachufetts to other portions of the 
 Britifli empire. There were many, and thofe not the pooreft 
 or leaft educated, who were forry when the rea6lion fucceeded 
 for a time and the old rule was re-eftablifhed. And yet the 
 triumph was but nominal, for the old Charter and the old 
 fyftem were never reftored. The Colony was deftined to 
 enter upon a new career which was to reach to the Revolu- 
 tion, and undoubtedly a potent influence at the outfet was 
 the breaking up of old affociations effecfted by Andros. The 
 only injuftice we need to repair, is the miftaken idea that he 
 was the ruling caufe of the change — it was fomething far 
 more powerful. Unless, therefore, we are difpofed to quarrel 
 with the progrefs of events, and to wifli to refiore our State 
 to the primitive rule of the Puritan church, we fliiould ceafe 
 to make a bugbear of the infirument of its overthrow. We 
 may clafs Andros rather among thofe ftatefmen, unwelcome 
 but neceffary, whofe very virtues and abilities are detefted in 
 their life-time, becaufe they do fo thoroughly their appointed 
 work and initiate new periods in national hiftory. 
 
WILL OF SIR EDMUND ANDROS. 
 
 [Extrafled from the Principal Regiftry of Her Majefty's Court of Probate, 
 in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury.] 
 
 ^%x tlie Jl.inir of i^otj, ^mtxx. 
 
 Sr EDMUND ANDROS of Guernfey and 
 now refiding in the parifli of St Anne in the 
 Liberty of Weflminfter in the County of Mid- 
 dlefex Knight being in' health of body and of 
 good and perfe6l memory praifed be God do make and 
 ordain this my laft Will and Teftament in manner and form 
 following that is to fay Firft and principally I commend my 
 foul into the hands of Almighty God my Creator trufting 
 and affuredly hoping through the merits and mediation of 
 my bleffed Lord and Saviour Jefus Chrift to inherit eternal 
 life my body to be decently buried but without oftentation 
 and as to the worldly eilate it hath pleafed God to blefs me 
 
 with 
 
xl 
 
 with I dlfpofe thereof as followeth viz Imprs: I order and 
 diredl that all the juft debts which I may happen to owe at 
 my deceafe be forthwith paid Item I give the fum of one 
 hundred pounds for the placing of ten poor children to be 
 apprentices to fome trades or otherwife preferred according 
 to the difcretion of my Executor that is to fay ten pounds 
 for each child Item Whereas I am entitled to two feveral 
 annuities of fifty pounds p. annum each payable out of the 
 Exchequer by virtue of an Ad! of Parliament whereof the 
 order for payment for one is number one thoufand and ninety 
 four and therefore payment of the other is number four 
 thoufand three hundred feventy feven now for a further and 
 better provifion for Dame Elizabeth my wife I do give unto 
 her the faid two feveral annuities of fifty pounds p: ann : a 
 piece together with the feveral Tallys and Orders relating 
 thereunto for and during the term of her natural life only 
 and I alfo give unto my faid wife the fum of one hundred 
 pounds to be paid to her immediately after my death which 
 faid feveral annuities for life and one hundred pounds I do 
 hereby dire6t appoint and declare are for and in lieu of a 
 jointure and in full recompence of her dower and are hereby 
 given to my faid wife upon condition that flie fliall not claim 
 any intereft right or title in or to any lands tenements or 
 hereditaments of which I am or fliall be feized at the time 
 of my deceafe and if my faid wife fliall after my death claim 
 any eftate right title or intereffc in or to any of my lands 
 tenements or hereditaments Then the bequeft herein made 
 unto her of the faid feveral annuities and of the faid one 
 hundred pounds as aforefaid fliall be void and of none effe6l 
 and then and in fuch cafe I give the faid feveral annuities 
 
 and 
 
xli 
 
 and the faid one hundred pounds unto my Executor herein- 
 after named And from and after the deceafe of my faid wife 
 I alfo give the faid two feveral annuities of fifty pounds each 
 unto my Executor hereinafter named together with the Tallys 
 & orders relating thereunto Item I give the fum of two 
 hundred pounds which is due to me by bond from Thomas 
 Cooper near Maidftone in Kent taken in the name of my 
 late fifter in law M" Hannah Crifpe and all the intereft that 
 fliall be due thereupon unto Chriftopher Clapham Efq (fon 
 of my late dear deceafed wife) if I do not in fome other give 
 or fecure to the faid Chriftopher Clapham the s^ debt of two 
 hundred pounds and intereft Item I give to Edwin Wiat 
 Efq Serjeant at Law (if he fliall furvive me) and in cafe of 
 his death before me to his Executors Adminiftrators or 
 affigns the fum of three hundred pounds which is due and 
 owing to me by mortgage made from M" Mary Hurt unto 
 my faid late wife by the name of Elizabeth Clapham Widow 
 and all intereft that fliall be due thereupon and all my right 
 and intereft in and to the fame upon this condition that the 
 faid Serj' Wiat his executors adminiftrators or affigns fliall 
 within fix months next after my deceafe pay unto the faid 
 Chriftopher Clapham Efq the fum of two hundred pounds 
 which fum I do give to the faid Mf Clapham out of the faid 
 debt Item I give to my niece Elizabeth daughter of my 
 late brother John Andros deceafed the fum of two hundred 
 pounds Item I give to my niece Ann daughter of my faid 
 late brother John Andros the fum of one hundred pounds 
 Item I give to my nephew Csefar fon of my s? late brother 
 John Andros the fum of one hundred pounds Item I give 
 to my nephew Edmund fon of my faid late brother John An- 
 
 >\'^.'VV^ dros 
 
xlii 
 
 dros the yearl}^ fum of twenty pounds for his maintenance 
 which s? yearly fum of twenty pounds my will is fliall be paid 
 by my Executor hereinafter named free from all taxes charges 
 and payments whatfoever unto my faid nephew Edmund or 
 to fuch perfon or perfons as fliall from time to time have the 
 care and keeping of him by equal half yearly payments for 
 and during the term of his natural life that is to fay at the 
 feafh of the Annunciation of the Bleffed Virgin Mary and 
 the Feaft of St. Michael the Archangel the firft payment to 
 begin and to be made at fuch of the faid feafts as fhall firft 
 happen after my death Item I give unto my nephew Wil- 
 liam fon of my faid late brother John Andros the fum of one 
 hundred pounds Item I give to my nephew George Son 
 of my late brother George Andros deceafed all my eftate 
 and intereft in the Ifland of Alderney which I fliall be feized 
 or poffeffed of at the time of my death either in fee fimple 
 or for any term of years or otherwife howfoever in the faid 
 Ifland of Alderney together with all powers privileges and 
 francifes to me belonging and all my right title and intereft 
 thereto and I alfo give unto my faid nephew George Andros 
 the fum of five hundred pounds Item whereas there is 
 payable to me or my affigns out of the Exchequer and 
 chargeable on the Revenue of Excife by Act of Parliament 
 two feveral annuities of fifty pounds each whereof the order 
 for one is number four hundred fixty three & the order for 
 the other is number four hundred fixty four I do hereby 
 give unto my faid nephew George Andros the faid two 
 feveral annuitys or yearly fums of fifty pounds & all my term 
 benefit & advantages in & to the fame together with the 
 Tallys and orders relating thereunto to be delivered to him 
 
 immediately 
 
xliii 
 
 immediately after my deceafe Item I give to my niece 
 Anne Lemefurier daughter of my faid late Brother George 
 Andros the fum of one hundred pounds Item Whereas 
 Caesar Knapton Gent is' indebted to me in feveral fums of 
 money by bond mortgage or otherwife the mortgage being 
 made to Ralph Marfliall Efq & by him affigned to me in 
 lieu of moneys had of mine I do hereby give unto the s5 
 Ca^far Knapton all fuch moneys as remains due to me from 
 him & do alfo releafe unto him and his heirs all fecurities 
 which I have for the fame Item I give to William Le Mer- 
 chant Son of my late niece Elizabeth Le Merchant dec'ed 
 the fum of one hundred pounds and to his fitter Elizabeth 
 the now wife of Ml' Elizea Le Merchant the like fum of one 
 hundred pounds Item I releafe and difcharge my coufin 
 Magdalen Andros Widow the Reli6l of my Coufin Amos 
 Andros deceafed and his heirs off and from all and every the 
 fum and fums of money which is due and owing to me from 
 the faid Amos Andros by Bond or otherwife Item I releafe 
 & difcharge my coufin Mary Andros (daughter of the faid 
 Amos Andros deceafed) off and from all fum and fums of 
 money charges and other expences whatfoever which I have 
 difburfed or have been at for her late maintenance or might 
 have or clayme any wife for the fame and alfo I give unto 
 her the faid Mary Andros the fume of one hundred pounds 
 and my mind and will is and I doe hereby dire(5l that the 
 feveral and refpedlive legacies hereinbefore given fliall be by 
 my Executor hereinafter named paid or affigned to the faid 
 feveral legatees entitled thereto within one year next after 
 my deceafe neverthelefs my will is and I do hereby declare 
 that the faid feveral legacies hereinbefore given are given to 
 
 the 
 
xllv 
 
 the faid feveral legatees refpedively upon condition that they 
 do not claim any other part of my eftate than what is hereby 
 given to them refpedlively and that if any or either of them 
 or any other perfon or perfons on their or any of their behalfs 
 or claiming by or under them either or any of them fliall or do 
 clayme any part of my eftate either real or perfonal other 
 than what is by this my Will given to them refpeclively or 
 fliall in any wife moleft hinder or difturb my nephews John 
 Andros or his heirs or any claiming under him or them in 
 the quiet poffeffion or enjoyment thereof or fliall upon his 
 or their requeft refufe to releafe all his her or their claim 
 interefl or pretenfions in or to all or any part or parcel of my 
 eftate other than what is hereinbefore refpedively given to 
 them That then and from thenceforth the legacy or legacys 
 fo given to him her or them refpe6lively as aforefaid fo 
 claiming or refufmg as aforefaid fliall refpedlively ceafe deter- 
 mine and be utterly void and in fuch cafe I give the faid 
 legacy or legacys fo as to be made void as aforefaid unto my 
 faid nephew John (eldeft fon of my faid brother John Andros 
 dec'ed) and his heirs Item I give to M'.* Margaret Baxter 
 Widow the yearly fum of ten pounds to be paid to her tax 
 free out of the interefl: rents iffues and profits of the mort- 
 gage money hereinafter mentioned to be due to me from the 
 eftate of my late coufin Margaret Lowdon deceafed by equal 
 quarterly payments for and during the natural life of the faid 
 M? Baxter the firfl; payment whereof to begin and to be made 
 at the end of three calendar months next after my deceafe 
 Item I difcharee the heirs executors and adminiftrators of 
 the faid M? Margaret Lowdon of and from all interefl: money 
 that fliall remain due to me at the time of my deceafe over 
 
 and 
 
xlv 
 
 and above what fums of money flie did in her lifetime pay 
 and which they or any of them fliall have paid to me or by 
 my order for the fum of four hundred pounds which is due 
 to me on the mortgage of her eftate in Harron Alley without 
 Aldgate London Item all other my eftate whatfoever both 
 real and perfonal in Great Britain Guernfey or elfewhere not 
 herein difpofed of after all my debts legacies and funeral 
 expences fliall be paid and fatisfied I give devife and be- 
 queath unto my faid nephew John (eldeft fon of my faid late 
 brother John Andros deceafed) and to his heirs But my 
 will is that my faid nephew John or his heirs fhall within 
 two years after my deceafe (if not built before) build a good 
 fuitable houfe on or at the Manor of Sa^mares in Guernfey 
 aforefaid and if the faid John or his heires fliall not in that 
 time build fuch houfe (if not built before) Then my Will is 
 and I do hereby diredl and appoint my faid nephew John or 
 his heires to pay the fum of five hundred pounds unto my 
 faid nephew George Andros within one year after his or 
 their negle6l to build fuch houfe as aforefaid and I do hereby 
 make ordain conflitute and appoint my faid nephew John 
 Andros (in cafe he furvives me) Sole Executor of this my 
 laft Will and Teftament But if my faid nephew John An- 
 dros fliall be then dead then and in fuch cafe I make his 
 heirs male Sole Executor of this my lafl Will and Teftament 
 And I do hereby revoke annul and make void all former 
 wills by me made declaring this to be my laft Will and 
 Teftament In witnefs whereof to this my laft Will and 
 Teftament contained in five ftieets of paper I have to each 
 of the faid ftieets fett my hand and feal the nineteenth day 
 of July Anno Dom: 171 2 and in the eleventh year of the 
 
 reign 
 
xlvi 
 
 reign of our Sovereign Lady Anne by the Grace of God of 
 
 Great Britain France and Ireland Queen Defender of the 
 
 Faith 
 
 E. ANDROS. 
 
 Signed fealed declared and publifhed by the faid Sir Ed- 
 mund Andros to be his laft Will and Teftament in 
 the prefence of the Witneffes hereunder written which 
 faid Witneffes fubfcribed their names in the prefence 
 of the faid Sir Edmund Andros — James Spenceley — 
 Rob: Hodfon Jn? Hodfon— 
 
 Probatum fait hujus modi Teflamentum apud London 
 coram Venerabili Viro Johanne Andrew Legum Doflore 
 Surrogate Prcehonorandi viri Domini Caroli Hodges Militis 
 Leeum Etiam Do61oris Curiae PreroQ^ativse Cantuarienfis 
 Magiflri Cuftodis Sive Commiffarii legitime conftituti Odtavo 
 die menfis Martii Anno D'ni Millefimo Septingentefimo 
 decimo tertio juramento Johannis Andros Armigeri Execu- 
 toris in di(5i;o Teftamento nominati Cui Commiffa fuit admin- 
 iflratio omnium et fmgulorum bonorum jurium et creditorum 
 di(5li defundli de bene et fideliter adminiftrando eadem ad 
 San6la Dei Evangelii Jurat. 
 
 From Sir Edmund's official Seal ufed in New EnglaacL 
 
NOTES ON THE PRECEDING MEMOIR. 
 
 INCE the foregoing pages were in type, we have 
 been favored with fome additional information 
 concerning the Governor, through the kindnefs 
 of A. C. Andros, Efq., one of the prefent rep- 
 
 refentatives of the family. 
 
 A. 
 
 He refers, firft, to the printed account of Sir Edmund 
 Andros, to be found in the following book : — " Sarnia, or 
 Brief Memorials of many of her fons," by Ferdinand Brock 
 Tupper, Efq. of Guernfey, publiflied in that ifland in 1862. 
 In it the fa(5l is mentioned that the manor or fief of Saufma- 
 rez {anglice Saltmarfh) in St. Martin's parifli, was fold in 1748 
 by the Andros family to a branch of the Saufmarez family 
 which ftill owns it. 
 
 B. 
 
 Amice Andros, father of Sir Edmund, was " keeper of the 
 caftle of Jerbourg, and hereditary Cup-bearer to the King in 
 Guernfey, as alfo one of the gallant defenders of Caftle 
 Cornet, during its memorable nine years' fiege. Two of 
 his brothers, military officers, were flain ; one in the fervice 
 
 of 
 
xlviii 
 
 of the King of Bohemia, who was fon-in-law of James I. of 
 England; and the other in 1644, during the Civil War." 
 
 C. 
 
 We have mentioned (p. xxii) that Sir Edmund received in 
 1683 a grant of the Ifland of Alderney for ninety-nine years. 
 Mr. Tupper ftates that Lieut. General John Le Mefurier, 
 who died 21ft May, 1843, was the laft hereditary governor of 
 Alderney. He was defcended from Anne Andros, fifler and 
 co-heir of George Andros, the nephew and heir of Sir Ed- 
 mund. Gen. Le Mefurier refigned the patent in 1825, on 
 condition of receiving a penfion of £700 a year until its 
 expiration in 1862. 
 
 D. 
 
 In an old pedigree, written about A. D. 1687 by Charles 
 Andros, uncle of the Governor, and ftill preferved in the 
 family, are a few additional items relating to Sir Edmund. 
 Before 1660 he ferved three years in a troop of horfe com- 
 manded by his uncle, Sir Robert Stone, in Holland, and had 
 a commiffion as Enfign to go to the ifland of Funeme in 
 
 Denmark After the death of the Queen of Bohemia 
 
 he was made enfign of the company of Sir John Talbot, 
 Captain of the King's guards. He was married " in Eng- 
 land " to Mary Craven in February, 1671. March 30th, 1672, 
 (by which we underftand the fame year as that of his mar- 
 riage,) he was made Major of Prince Rupert's Dragoons. 
 " The 14th day of January, 1673," {? 1673-4,) he received " by 
 patent in reverfion the charge of the Bailly of the ifland 
 of Guernfey." " The 13th April, 1683, the King, Charles II. 
 
 gave 
 
xlix 
 
 gave the charge of Gentleman in ordinary of his privy cham- 
 ber " to Sir Edmund, and " the 6th day of the month of June, 
 
 1685, the King, James II. gave a commiffion to the above 
 Sir Edmund Andros to command a troop of cavalry to go 
 againft the rebels in England." This refers of courfe to 
 Monmouth's Rebellion. In Augufl, 1685, he was made 
 Lieut. Colonel of Lord Scarfdale's cavalry. {^Ante, p. xxii.) 
 " The 19th 061ober, 1686, the above Sir Edmund left Eng- 
 land to go to New-England;" he arrived 19th December, 
 
 1686. (^;2/^, p. xxvii.) 
 
 E. 
 
 We are indebted to Mr. Andros for a photograph of an 
 original portrait of Sir Edmund, from which the engraving 
 prefixed to this memoir has been made. As no other like- 
 nefs of the Governor has been publifhed, our readers will 
 fully appreciate the kindnefs of this contribution, and will 
 cordially join in expreffmg thanks for it. 
 
CORRECTIONS 
 
 RECEIVED AFTER THE MEMOIR WAS PRINTED. 
 
 P. V. The Memoir in Duncan's Hiftory was written by the late Mr. Thomas 
 Andros of Guernfey, who died in 1S53. 
 
 P. vii. Colette, firft wife of Charles Andros, was daughter of Jofias Le Mar- 
 chant. George Andros who m. Anne Blondel, died 10 Nov. 1685 ; lb fay the 
 family records. 
 
 P. ix. The pardon was dated i8th Aui;ull:. The baronet was Sir Henry De Vic. 
 
 P. xi. Edmund Andros returned from Barbados to England in Auguft, 1668, as 
 appears by a letter of the 13th of that month from Mr. Thomas Samborne to Mr. 
 Amias Andros announcing his son's arrival in London. 
 
 P. XXXV. Sir Edmund's fecond marriage was in 1691, fays Mr. Chefler. The 
 Crifpes were of Go/^dhuril, Kent. 
 
 P. xlvii. The two brothers of Amice Andros were Joliuia, killed in Ciermany, 
 and John, " Mafter of Artillery to Prince Maurice,'' killed in England. 
 
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