iiiii.iiiiiii ii.i.i ni.iii.i.iiiihiiiiiiiiiihi.iiiiiTTii.iiiii.i I^IIiHAHY Voi...^S..:.-'^r. Class J^o.^:'X2- Cost ^ 'Date.&J.<:rCiiSY.b. rHESENTEn BY fhiT7rTT7i.7Trni,i,i,i,i,j,i,i.i.i.i.i.i.i.i.i.i.i.i,i.i.i.i|i|i|rii|i tsl ^^ndie this volume ^ithcare. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from Boston Library Consortium IVIember Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/gasteropodacephaOOwhit LIBRARY CATALOGUE SLIPS. United States. Dejparlment of the interior. {U. S. geological survey.) Department of the interior | — | Monographs | of the | United States geological survey | Volume XVIII | [Seal of the depart- ment] I Washington | government printing otSce | 1891 Second title: United States geological survey | J. W. Powell, director | — | Gasteropoda and cephalopoda | of the | Earitan clays and greensand marls | of New Jersey | by | Robert Parr Whitfield I [Vignette] | Washington | government printing office | 1891 4°. 402 pp. 60 pi. Whitfield (Robert Parr). United States geological survey | J. W. Powell, director | — | Gasteropoda and cephalopoda | of the | Raritan clays and green- sand marls | of New Jersey | by | Robert Parr Whitfield | [Vignette] | Washington | government printing office | 1891 4°. 402 pp. 60 pi. [United States. Department of tlie interiur. (U. S. geological survey). Monograph XVIII. 1 United States geological survey | J. W. Powell, director | — | Gasteropoda and cephalopoda | of the | Raritan clays and green- sand marls | of New Jersey | by | Robert Parr Whitfield | [Vignette] | Washington | government printing office | 1891 4°. 402 pp. 50 pi. [TjNrrED States. Department of tlie interior. { U. S. geological survey.) MonograpliXyin.] ADVERTISEM:EISrT. [Mouograpli XVIII.] . "TliepuWications of the Geological Survey shall consist of the amuial report of operations o-eo- logical and economic maps illustrating the resources and classification of the Unds anrm^orts 'unon general and economic geology and paleontology. The annual report of operations o? U e 'oeoloXal bnrvey shall accompany the annual report of the Secretary of the Interior All special memoirs Ind reports of said Survey shall he issued in uniform quarto series if deemed necessary by the Director but otherwise m ordinary octavos. Three thousand copies of each shall be published f' '■ ^- P^^''"- 1885. ""eo. 'xxix,t7S pp. ^T^. fi/mapt''''' ^*"*''' ^"''°^""' ^'''''^' '''"-'''' '^^ '■ ^- P°-«'l- 1888. Vo^- 'x:^t56 p1rTl\^'^ind ma^' ^"'*''^ ^'^*"' Geological Survey, ]885-'86, by .J. W. Powell. iRsc, "^o"-.,^'*^'^*'' Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1886-'87, by J. W. Powell TY m ;i A^'^' i'''p''" P?- /?,P^V?°^ '^^P^ ' 1 P- 1- 475-1063 pp. 54-76 pi. and maps. 1889. fo, ""^Ji^^ir;"' as'pl'lndXs *'' Geological Survey, 1887-p88, by J. I,. Powell. 1890. ^so'^if. 'i:%^r^'^,!':i^^^\ 1^3%'?"^"^' """^^' '''^'''' '^ '■ ^^- ^''-«"- 1841 "^o ^9^J"!*^ I'^S""'''^ ^pP'Y* °''/^'' ^"""'^ ^'='*'^^ Geological Snrvev, 1889-'90, by J. VV. 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Day. 1890. 8°. vii, 652 pp. Price 50 cents. The money received from the sale of these publications is deposited in the Treasury, and the* Secretary of that Department declines to receive bank checks, drafts, or postage-stamps ; all remit- tances, therefore, must be by postal note or money ouder, made payable to the Librarian of the U. S. Geological Survey, or in currency for the exact amount. Correspondence relating to the pub- lications of the Survey should be addressed To THE Director of the United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. Washington, D. C, A])ril, 1892. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MONOGRAPHS United States Geological Survey VOLUME XVIII WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1892 s/o!.)S UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY J. W. POWELL, DIRECTOR GASTEROPODA AND CEPHALOPODA OF THE RARITAN CLAYS AND GREENSAND MARLS OF N'EW JERSEY BT ROBERT R^RR A^^HITFIELD WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1892 CONTENTS. Page Letter of transmittal from- Prof. Geo. H. Cook 9 Letter of transmittal from Prof. E. P.Whitfield 11 Preliminary remarks - 1'^ Gasteropoda 1''' Section L Gasteropoda of tlie Lower Marl Beds 19 ir. Gasteropoda of the Middle Marl Bed 172 III. Gasteropoda of the base of the Upper Marl Bed 182 IV. Gasteropoda of the Eocene Marls 190 Cephalopoda -i^l Section V. Cephalopoda of the Cretaceous Marls 243 VI. Cephalopoda of the Eocene Marls 284 Classified lists of the MoUusca of the Cretaceous and Eocene formations 289 Plates 297 Index — - •'99 5 ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Plate I. Muricidse of the Lower Bed Greensaiul Marls 300 II. Muricidai of the Lower Bed Greensand Marls 302 III. Muricidse of the Lower Bed Greensand Marls 304 IV. MuricidsB of the Lower Bed Greensand Marls 306 V. MuricidiB and FasciolariidiB of the Lower Greensand Marls 308 VI. FusidsB and Faaciolariidas of the Lower Greensand Marls 310 VII. FaaciolariidsB of the Lower Greensand Marls 312 VIII. Fasciolariidaj of the Lower Greensand Marls 314 IX. Fasciolariidas, Tritonidie and Turbinellidae of the Lower Greensand Marls.. 316 X. Volutidte of the Lower Greensand Marls 318 XI. Volutidae and Mitridije of the Lower Greensand Marls 320 XII. Cancellariidaj of the Lower Greensand Marls 322 XIII. PleurotomidtB and Strombida^ of the Lower Greensand Marls 324 XIV. Strombidie of the Lower Greensand Marls 326 XV. Cypneidse, Doliidae, and Naticidse of the Lower Greensand Marls 328 XVI. NaticidiE of the Lower Greensand Marls 330 XVII. Trochidaj, Onustid;e and Littoriuidse of the Lower Greensand Marls 332 XVIII. Soalariidse, Turritellidte, and Vermetidue of the Lower Greensand Marls 334 XIX. EulimidiB, Pyramidellidse, PatellidsB, and Tornatellidaj of the Lower Green- sand Marls 336 XX. TornatellidsB, CylichuidsB, Bullldae, and DentaliidiEof the Lower Greensand Marls 338 XXI. Muricidse, Volntidai, and Naticidse of the Middle Bed Greensand Marls 340 XXII. ScalariidsB and Pleurotomariidae of the Middle Bed Greensand Marls 342 XXIII. Tarbinellidaj, Volntidse, Plearotomidie, Strorabidaj, TiirritcllidiB, Plenroto- mariidai, and Bullida3 from the base of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls. 344 XXIV. MuricidtB, Tritonidie, Purpuridae, and Fusidae of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls 346 XXV. FasidsB of the Eocene layers, Upper Bed Greensand Marls 348 XXVI. Fusidae and Fasciolariidae of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls 350 XXVII. FasciolariidfB of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed GreensauJ Marls 352 XXVIII. Fasciolariidte of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls 354 XXIX. Turbiuellidae of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls 356 XXX. Volutidae of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls 358 7 8 ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. XXXI. VolutidoE of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greenaand Marls 360 XXXII. Volutidae of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls 362 XXXIII. CancellariidaB, PleurotomidiB, Strombidse, and Cyprieidaj of the Eocene lay- ers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls 364 XXXIV. ConidiE, Cassididse, Doliidon, Naticidse, Onustidce, Solariidse, ScalarlidiB, and TurritellidsB of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls 366 XXXV. Pleurotomariidie of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls 368 XXXVI. PleurotomariidiB and TornatelUdue of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls 370 XXXVII. Nantilidreof the Lower Bed Greensand Marls 372 XXXVIII. NautilidiB of the Lower and Middle Beds Greensand Marls 374 XXXIX. Nantilida? of the Middle Bed Greensand Marls 376 XL. Amraonitidai of the Lower Bed Greensand Marls 378 XLI. Ammonitidie of the Lower and Middle Beds Greensand Marls 380 XLII. Ammonitidfe of the Lower Bed Greensand Marls 3S2 XLIII. Ammonitidse of the Lower Bed Greensand Marls 384 XLIV. Ammonitidaj of the Lower Bed Greensand Marls 386 XLV. AmmonitidEe of the Lower Bed Greensand Marls 388 XL VI. AmmonitidiE of the Lower and Middle Beds Greensand Marls 390 XL VII. Belemnitidio of the Lower Bed Greensand Marls 392 XLVIII. NautilidiE of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bet' Greensand Marls 394 XLIX. NautilldsB of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls 396 L. Nautilidse of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls 398 Fig. 1. Placenticeras (Sphenodiscus) lenticulare (Owen) Meek 259 2. Nautilus Cookana 286 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. GrEOLOGICAL SuRVEY OF NeW JeRSEY, New Brunswick, New Jersey, July 1, 1889. Sir : I have the honor herewith to transmit to yon the text and draw- ings of the G-asteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Raritan Clays and Green- sand Marls of New Jersey. They have been prepared by Prof. Robert P. Whitfield for the Geological Survey of this State, and include all species of this geological division which are known to have been found within its bounds. The book will constitute the second volume of the series, which is intended to include descriptions of all the fossil invertebrates foimd in the above named formations. It is a monument to the patience and intelli- gent skill of Prof Whitfield which have produced so good a work from these long known but imperfectly preserved fossils. Like its predecessor, I esteem it worthy of a place among the monographs of the United States as well as of this State, and as such transmit it to you for publication. I am, with high respect, your obedient servant, Geo. H. Cook, State Geologist of New^ Jersey. Hon. J. W. Powell, Director of the U. S. Geological Survey. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. New York, October 1, 1888. Sir: I herewith transmit to you descriptions and ilhistrations of the Gasteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Greensand Marls and accompanying beds of New Jersey, which will form a second part of the report on the fossil remains of the State. In presenting this second report, I wish again to express my thanks for the aid which you have so often given me in the selection and exami- nation of material from the many collections under your charge ; and also to express through you my thanks for the kindness and courtesy with which my many demands have been met by the officers of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and especially to thank their curator, Prof. Angelo Heilprin, who has kindly selected and sent me many specimens from the collection under his charge. I have also been greatly favored by the use of specimens from the cabinet at the School of Mines of Columbia College in New York, through the kind offices of Dr. J. S. Newberry and Dr. N. L. Britton. I have also been allowed to use and figure very many specimens from the collection at the Ameri- can Museum of Natural History, New York City, for which I must express my thanks to the trustees of that institution. There are also several private collections to which I am indebted, through yourself, for the use of valu- able material and for which I here wish to express my thanks. Yours, very truly, R. P. Whitfield. Prof. George H. Cook, State Geologist of Netv Jersey. 11 GASTEROPODA AND CEPHALOPODA OF THE RARITAN CLAYS AND GREENSAND MARLS OF NEW JERSEY. By Robert P. Whitfield. PRELIMINARY REMARKS. In offering the following descriptions and illnstrations of the Gaste- ropoda and Cephalopoda of the New Jersey marl beds to the public and to scientific workers in similar fields, it is perhaps only just to add a word of apology for the use of such meager material as is here presented, and that apology must necessarily be that it is all there is to present, being the best material possessed. In studying these remains I have had the same diffi- culties to encounter as those spoken of in the "preliminary remarks" to the volume on the Brachiopoda and Lamellibranchiata;^ but in an extremely exaggerated form, as the Gasteropods are represented in the several forma- tions only by casts, much more exclusively than are the Brachiopods and Lamellibranchs, and the Cephalopods largely by fragments. This, how- ever, is not the only difficulty encountered, for these casts are far more imperfect and consequently more difficult to understand. Among the bivalves there is often the chance of obtaining the hinge structure and muscular markings from impressions of single valves, and very commonly imprints of the exterior show all the essential surface markings. This is not the case, however, with casts of Gasteropods, for these usually repre- sent only a small portion of the shell, as the apical portion of the spire is almost invariably absent, that space not having been filled by sediment before the shell was dissolved, and when jjresent having often become solid from deposits of shelly matter in these parts during the life of the animal. 'Mod. U. S. Geol. Survey, Vol. 9, and Geol, Survey, N. J., Paleontology of the Cretaceous and Tertiary, Vol. 1. 13 14 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY. Besides the absence of these parts, which often present important generic features in the embryonic nucleus, there is an ahnost total absence of the anterior beak and front of all shells, which so generally possess important generic features. Occasionally the casts retain to some extent the surface markings of the species. This is particularly the case in the Eocene marls, but in the Cretaceous beds it is a rare feature; consequently it has been necessary to resort to various methods for determining the generic relations. For specific differences the student is compelled to rely chiefly upon the form of the volutions and upon the proportions of parts, such as the compact- ness of the coil; the differences in ihe apical angle; the size and strength of the axis of the shell or columella, which is ascertained from the size and form of the cavity left by its removal ; the imprints of folds left upon that part of the matrix which has rested against the columella, and various other features according to the conditions of the specimens. In some cases where much doubt of generic relations has been felt, resort has been had to arti- ficial casts made by filling the interior of recent shells with plaster and dissolving away the shell by means of acid to procure the cast of the interior. I have thus used every means within my reach to render the generic determinations of these casts as reliable as possible. Concerning many of these I am somewhat in doubt, but as a general thing they may be relied upon with a considerable degree of certainty. In regard to the authenticity of localities assigned to the several species, the remarks made in the previous volume^ hold good here, as the same collections which furnished material for that volume have been drawn on as largely for the material in this. I have used the types of all previously described species wherever I could find them, even to fragments preserving the least particle of character. The species of Gasteropoda are much better represented by individuals in the collections used than were the Lamellibranchiates, although of many of them there is but a single example known in the collections to which I have had access. The illustrations of many of the species are necessarily quite restricted and meager in quantity. Many species have been recognized, but not used, simply because of the ' Ibid., p. xviii, PEELIMINAEY REMARKS. 15 poorness of the material at lianci, which, although sufficiently perfect to be readily distinguished by a practiced eye familiar with the associated forms, is not good enough to permit figures of them to be made which would enable others to identify them. Consequently this monograph can not be said to be entirely complete. In dealing with the different species and genera previously described, I have endeavored to ascertain their true nature as far as possible from the type specimens when they could be found, and have adopted them wherever it seemed reasonable. Comments on many of them will be found in the text of the volume, where I give my reasons for adopting or rejecting them. GASTEROPODA. 17 MON XVIII 2 SECTION I CRETACEOUS GASTEROPODA OF THE EOWER MARL BEDS OF NEW JERSEY. PALEONTOLOGICAL HORIZONS OF THE MARL BEDS. In working over the molluscan remains described and figured in tliis and the volume on the LamelHbranchiates, I find indications of several distinct zoological horizons. In the fii'st place, in the Raritan Clays, in the northeastern extension of them, there appears an estuary fauna represented by only a few species of bivalve estuary shells, but nevertheless indicating very clearly a fauna entirely distinct from any of those above mentioned. Secondly, in the clay beds near Camden, New Jersey, at Fish House, an entirely fresh-water fauna is found, which has yielded the twelve different species representing two distinct genera of the JJnionidce, which are described in the volume on Brachiopoda and Lamellibranchiata of the Raritan Clays and Greensand Marls of New Jersey. Above this again we have the fauna of the Lower Mail beds, a distinctly marine fauna, which comprises the great bulk of all the fossil remains known within the State. This bed, if properly examined, might possibly be separable into two zoological horizons, the lower indicated at Crosswicks Creek, near New Egypt, and at Haddonfield, by the dark-colored micaceous clays which lie at the base or, more properly, below the base of the Lower Marl bed, and also in the more northern portions of the State by ironstone nodules, bear- ing fossils usually found in the upper layers of the Raritan Clays and in loose pieces scattered over the surface where the upper layers of the clay have been denuded by the action of the weather. The fossils in these nodules are usually the same as those from the Crosswicks and Haddonfield 19 20 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY, micaceous beds, and, altliough several are apparently identical with forms occurring in the Lower Marls, yet many of them are peculiar to these beds as far as represented in New Jersey. Above the Lower Marls come the Middle Marl beds, characterized by the yellow lime sands, filled in many places with Terebratula, and above this the layers at the base of the Upper Green Marls, which contain a fauna entirely distinct from those below, but still Cretaceol^s in its character. Again, at the summit of the Upper Green Marls we find another distinct fauna, representing the Eocene epoch of the more southern States and affording many species identical with those from Claiborne, Alabama. These mark six distinct zoological horizons, and if we divide the Lower Marls from the Crosswicks and Haddonfield beds, as will possibly be done when they are properly examined and studied, seven distinct horizons, six of which may be classed as Cretaceous and one as Eocene. These zoological horizons conform very closely, if not exactly, to cer- tain stratigraphical lines which were long since established by the State geologist under the names of Raritan Clays, Camden Clays, Lower, Middle, and Upper Marls, the last bed being mollusk-bearing only near the lower and upper portions, which are respectively Cretaceous and Eocene. The details of these beds can be found in the difii"erent annual reports of the State survey, particularly in that of 1868, and in that on the clays of New Jersey. Although between these zoological horizons there is little, and, indeed almost no interchange of fossils, the faunas being almost entirely distinct, the geological sequence is continuous, except between the Eocene or Upper layers of the Upper Green Marls and the beds immediately below, where there is a very slight unconformity, noticeable by close inspection, over a very limited area only, and consisting principally of a slight denudation of the top of the beds immediately below, before the deposition of the Eocene Maids. It is not necessary here to consider in detail the structure of the layers further than to mention that these different beds which are fossiliferous, or moUusk bearing, consist at the base of the section of beds of clay of GASTEEOPODA OP THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 21 different kinds, and above of beds of Green Marls separated by strata of lighter colored quartz sand, wliicli are nnfossiliferous. In the Raritan Clays, at about one-third of their thickness from the base, there occurs a bed of fossil plants, prolific in genera and species, which Dr J. S. Newberry has stated to be of Cretaceous age, and at a very little distance above the plant bed occur the estuary fossils above men- tioned. These consist of bivalve shells, and are all of forms known to in- habit brackish water, showing them to be inhabitants of an estuary or land- locked bay into which fresh-water streams flowed, and making it probable that there existed at the time of their deposit a body of brackish water rep- resenting the present New York Harbor, but at a somewhat higher level as compared with the surrounding land. These fossils being of estuary forms and entirely of new species do not aid us materially in the determination of the age of the strata in which they are found. Those already known are figured and described in the previous volume, and are illustrated on PI. II. They represent four different genera and five species, as follows: Species. Genus Astarte 1 Genus Corbicula 2 GemiB Gnathodon 1 Genus Ambonicardia 1 The features of this latter genus, which is new to science, are more nearly like some of the Jxxrassic forms of Europe, such as Homomya Ag., than any of the known Cretaceous types either of America or of Europe. No Gasteropods have yet been obtained from these beds. No other Molluscan remains are known to occur in these clays except near the top, or perhaps in the uppermost layers. At about this horizon the numerous ironstone nodules before mentioned are supposed to occur, but they are always loose, having been weathered out or washed from the clays, and found scattered over the surface. These nodules are well filled with fossil remains of both bivalve and univalve shells, in the condition of casts and impressions. They are mostly such forms as are found near the base of the Lower Green Marls, or in the Crosswicks and Haddonfield Micaceous Clays. 22 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY. The next zoological horizon is that of the Lower Green Marls proper, in which are found by far the most of the Cretaceous fossils yet recognized within the State. The number of species so far exceed those of any of the other beds named above as scarcely to bear comparison, the number of Mollusca alone being 303 species out of a total for all formations of 441. These fossils are, however, like those of the other beds, found mostly in the condition of internal casts, or casts representing partially the interior cav- ity, but they also carry on them the imprint of the external markings to a partial extent. Very few of the specimens preserve even a replacement of the original substance. The Ostreidm and Spondylidce are notable exceptions to this rule, being generally found with the substance of the shell eiatirely preserved, but so friable as to be easily destroyed after collection. In the Micaceous Clays of the Crosswicks Creek and Haddonfield beds, however, the substance of the shells is entirely preserved, both of bivalve and uni- valve species. In the Middle Marls a fauna almost entirely distinct from that below presents itself, Qryplicea vesicularis, and two species of naticoid shells being all that are yet known to pass into it from below; even the Gryplmai^ here presented under a varietal form not common in the Lower Marls. In this bed some of the species are represented by great numbers of individ- uals, the Teredo, Gryplicea and Terehratula being the most abundant. At the base of the Upper Marls another entirely distinct fauna is found, still presenting Cretaceous features. In this layer also few species are rep- resented, and, so far as I am aware, no locality has yet been found where they occur in any abundance; and no species have yet been observed in it that are common to either of the others below. Above this fossiliferous layer at the base of the Upper Marls occurs a series of beds of consider- able thickness in which no molluscan remains have been detected. Many vertebrate fossils have been discovered, however, showing a quite remai'k- able break in the molluscan life in the seas of the New Jersey area, extending to the top of the Upper Marls, where occurs the Eocene layer. This contains a fauna entirely distinct from that of either of the beds below, being composed not only of different species, but largely of different genera, GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 23 and even several families not represented in the lower strata make their ap- pearance. The moUuscan remains found in this formation at Shark River, Farmingdale, and Squankum, are also in the condition of casts, like those in the Cretaceous, even the Ostreidce seldom preserving the least vestige of the shell substance. In these Eocene beds the species again become quite numerous. Al- though not as abundant as in the Lower Green Marls, they far outnumber those of the intermediate beds. Considering the few localities and the slight thickness of the beds examined they have been prolific, having yielded a total of 79 moUuscan species, of which 23 are Lamellibranchiates, 52 are Gasteropods and two Cephalopods, besides fragments of some eight or ten other Gasteropods, the specimens of which are not sufficiently well preserved for description and illustration. The following tables present more readily the numbers of families, genera and species of moUuscan remains occurring in the several formations, and the relative proportions known from each bed. Table No. 1 shows the number of genera and species of Lamellibranchiates represented under each family in each bed except the Crosswicks Creek and Haddonfield bed, which are included in the Lower Green Marls, while Table No. 2 shows the same features per- aining to the Gasteronods and Cephalopods. 24 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY. Table No. 1. — Shoicing the number of genera and species of LameUibranchiates under each family occurring in each of the several marl beds in New Jersey. Genera. Species. Lower or plastic clays. Camden clays. Lower marls. Middle marls. Base of upper marls. Eocene marls. IS •i a CD CO I 2 s O 1 9 5 11 6 5 U 1 17 11 g 2 ■s m 3 i g 2 '3 OS 2 % g O 2 .£ *3 05 3 Class LAMELLIBKANOHIATA. Order Asiphonid^. Suborder Monwmyaria. 4 3 4 4 3 4 1 8 4 17 5 13 6 12 2 21 14 3 3 4 4 3 4 1 8 4 1 2 ■Spondylida3 Suborder Heteromyaria. Family Myiilidje . 1 2 1 1 1' .... 1 1 1 2 Suborder Dimyaria. 1 1 1 3 1 3 12 1 1 1 2 2 4 1 1 7 4 1 6 1 5 1 2 3 2 1 4 3 1 2 3 12 6 19 2 1 15 11 2 12 1 7 1 6 5 5 2 5 4 3 2 ... 1 2 I 3 Order Sifhonid^. Suborder Integropalliata, 2 2 1 1 8 2 G 7 2 1 13 8 1 1 1 4 2 1 4 2 Crassatellidse 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 Suborder Sinnopalliata. 5 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 Tpllinidai 5 1 1 3 I 1 4 2 1 1 7 1 3 4 3 1 5 3 1 1 .... 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 -- 2 2 Saxicavidse 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 GastrochsDnidse .... '""" 89 a22 5 .... 12 ... 155 .... 11 .... 16 .... 23 • Probably fragment of a Gasteropod. GASTEROPODA OP THE LOWER GREEIST MARLS. 25 Summary of the foregoing table. Plaatic clays Camden clays Lower marls Middle marls Base of npper marls Eocene marls Families. Genera. 4 4 1 2 27 70 8 9 12 13 12 17 topecies. 5 12 155 11 16 23 Brachiopoda : TerebratuUdsB I.amellibraucliiata Gasteropoda - Cephalopoda Families, Genera. Species. 7 222 190 24 Lower marls. 2 155 127 19 Middle marls. 23 Base of upper marls. Eocene marls, ' Probably fragment of a Gasteropod. 26 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY. Table No. 2. — Showing number of Gasteropoda^ genera and species under each family, occurring in the several beds. i o H 1 © "o H Lower marls. Middle marls. Base of up per marla. Eocene. ID O • i 1 i a ai 1 O 1 o «3 a o i 1 2 1 1 10 3 Class GASTEROPODA. Subclass PROSABEANCHIATA. Order Pectinibhanciiiata. 7 2 1 3 3 3 3 4 1 3 4 1 5 2 1 2 4 2 1 2 5 1 1 1 2 4 1 7 ] 3 24 5 1 13 13 3 7 17 3 9 11 1 14 2 1 3 11 3 1 G U 1 1 1 2 7 1 12 2 4 5 2 21 4 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 1 3 2 3 10 3 4 G 3 8 3 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 8 Volutidse 1 1 Mitridre 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Plenrotomidfe 1 1 4 1 12 1 1 1 2 4 2 2 10 2 1 2 2 4 1 1 1 2 4 9 1 1 1 2 1 1 Tnrritellid^ 1 1 Enlimidai Pyramidellidffl Order Scutibeanchiata. Snborder Podopkthalma. Pleurotomariidie Snborder Edriopldhalma. Family Patellidse 2 2 1 1 2 4 1 5 1 3 1 9 1 4 Subclass OPISTHOBEANCHIATA. Order Tectibranchiata. Family TornatellidiB BulIidiE 3 3 1 1 Class SCAPHOPODa. Totals (30 families) 80 3 8 1 190 60 125 6 7 8 8 29 52 Class CEPHALOPODA. Order Tetrabranchiata. Family Nautilida? 3 18 1 1 8 1 1 17 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 Order Dibranchiata. Total (3 families) 12 22 10 19 3 3 2 2 GASTEROPODA OF TBE LOWER GEBEN MARLS. 27 This gives for the monuscan fauna of New Jersey, iiickxding the Brachiopoda: Bracliiopoda Lamellibrancbiata Gasteropoda Cephalopoda Total Cretaceous. Eocene. Total. 5 2 7 19i) 23 222 136 52 188 23 2 24 362 79 441 Griving a total of 441, or deducting the two naticas and gryphsea, which are counted also in the Middle Marls, a total of 428 described species. Were the localities critically examined many others would undoubtedly be obtained, as a number of casts are already recognized as distinct from any of the described forms, both in the Cretaceous and Eocene beds. Of the Brachiopoda above enumerated the Terehratula Harlani and Terehratulina lachri/ma are also known to occur in South Carolina, and T. floridana is common at some localities in Alabama. Of the Lamelli- branchiates of the Lower Marls, three species are known in Europe, and the number attributed to certain American States are as follows : Speciea. Alabama 41 Tennessee 21 Mississippi -■ 21 Texas 6 North Carolina 20 Dakota 4 A larare number are found in States not here mentioned. Six of those from the Middle Marls also occur in other States, and but one species from the Eocene layers, Crassatella alta, is known to occur outside of New Jersey. In Table No. 3, the species which have been thus cited are given under the States wherein they are found, and the succeeding table, No. 4, gives the same for the Gasteropoda and Cephalopoda, few only of which have been recognized beyond the State. 28 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY. ,.3!able No. 3. — Showing Lamellibranchiates of New Jersey formations recognized in other localities. 5 6 p 1 ii H 1 .g 6 u 03 ■a <4 a'/ 1 SPECIES FROM THE LOWER MAKL BEDS. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X No. 4 X No. 4 X No. 4 X X X X X X X X No. 5 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Ripleyanum, Conrad = X X No. 4 X GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 29 Table No. 3. — Showing LamelUhranchiates of New Jersey formations recognized in other localities - Continued. i ■i % ■s, Hi a 03 'E. 1 H 1 a s Q i 1 1 BPECIES FROM THE LOWER MAKL BEDS— cont'd. X X X X X X X X X X X X X ^nona Eufaulensis, Conr.id. X X X X X X X X X X X MIDDLE BED. 11 21 21 6 5 20 1 3 X X X X X X X X EOCENE MAKLS. 3 1 1 1 2 44 22 21 7 6 20 1 5 X- X 1 ' 1 30 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY. Table No 4. — New Jersey Cretaceous Qasteropods and Gephalopods recognized at other localities. a 1 o i t i 6 i 0^ , 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Endoptygma uinbilicata, Young X X X X X X Total G-asteropods - N'miHlnq Dfikavi ., 1 12 1 7 2 1 X X X X X X X X X (lentato-carinatus, Roemer X X X X X X X X X X Sphenodiacus lenticularis, Owen X X X X X Total Cephalopoda , 1 5 5 1 5 7 Of the Eocene Gasteropoda the foUowmg species occur m Alabama: Pseudoliva retusta, Con. Neptunea staminea, Con. Clavella raplianoides, Con. Caracella pyruloides, Con, Voluta Newcombiana, Whitf. Voluti tithes Sayana, Con. Calyptrophorus, Con. Cassidaria carinata, Lamk. Picus penitus, Con. and a single species, Conus suhsmmdens, Con., occurs in South Carolina.^ 1 These citations are taken mostly from Mr. Gabb's Synopsis of the Mollusca of the Cretaceous Formations, from Meek's, Check Lists, Cretaceous and Jurassic, in the Sniithsonian Reports, and from some of Mr. T. A. Conrad's writings. GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GEBEN MARLS. 31 PAIiEONTOLOGICAIi BQUIVAIiENTS OF THE NEW JERSEY GREEN MARLS. Of the 222 species of Lamellibrauchiates described in Vol. i, 74 are new species, and of the 190 species of Grasteropods 107 are therein described for the first time; 70 of these new forms are Cretaceous and 37 are Eocene. These new species of course are of no stratigraphic value at the present time; further than their generic relations have weight. It will be seen, however, from tables Nos. 3 and 4, that the New Jersey Lower Marls must be equivalents of the Cretaceous beds found so extensively throughout the Southern States, notwithstanding the great difference in their lithological character, as so large a proportion of the species have been recognized as common to one or more of those localities, 66 species of these classe? being known from Alabama and other States, as shown in the list below. New Jersey fossils common to Alabama and — state. Tennessee Mississippi North Carolina , Texas Lamelli- branchiates. 15 18 11 7 Gastero- pods. Cephalo- pods. While of New Jersey fossils found in other States and not in Alabama there are — state. Lamelli- branohiates. Tennessee Mississippi North Carolina Texas Gastero- pods. Cephalo- poda. In all probability many more Gasteropods may prove common to New Jersey and other States when the casts from those places shall have been critically compared. It will be seen, therefore, that no reasonable question can be entertained of the near equivalency of these beds. Nor can there be any question as to the relationship existing between the Crosswicks 32 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY. Creek and Haddonfield Micaceous clays at the base of or below the Lower Green Marls and the Eufaula, Alabama, and Tippah, Mississippi, beds of Messrs. Coin-ad and Grabb, for many of the species are identical, and even the lithological characters of the beds and conditions of preservation of the fossils are so nearly alike as to render it almost impossible to distinguish them apart. With the western Cretaceous formations there is, however, a much less similarity, although the generic resemblance is still very striking, many of the genera being the same in both, while the species are often very close representatives of those at the West found in the Fort Pierre group. No. 4, or perhaps more properly in Nos. 4 and 5 of Meek and Hayden's Upper Missouri section. Still there can be no question as to the very close relationship of the Lower Marl beds of New Jersey and the Crosswicks and Haddonfield beds to the Fort Pierre group, No. 4, of the Upper Mississippi section. This reference of the New Jersey Marls to Nos. 4 and 5 of the Upper Missouri section is by no means a new feature in their study, for it has been made by several paleontologists and geologists in the past, so that it has become generally understood. But heretofore it has been done collectively, or as a whole, as far as concerns the New Jersey formations; while the fossils are here for the first time separated according to the different beds in which they occur, and studied separately, and consequently this study more positively confirms these previous classifications. Yet it proves im- possible clearly to separate the New Jersey formations to correspond to the different numbers and strata recognized at the West, they having rather the expression of the two beds Nos. 4 and 5 combined. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. Class GASTEROPODA. Subclass PROSOBRANCHIATA. Order PECTINIBRANCHIATA. Family MURICID^. Genus TUDIOLA Bolton. TUDICLA PLANIMARGINATA, n. Sp. Plate I, Figs. 1-3. Shell small or somewhat below a medimn size, very ventricose, with a very low spire composed of but little more than two entire volutions in the cast; outer volution large, forming the great bulk of the shell and having a diameter considerably greater than the entire height, including the short beak and canal. Volutions marked on the periphery by a flat- tened, vertical band, bordered above and below by an angulation ; a second angulation also marking the upper surface midway between the top of the vertical flattening and the suture line, and still another on the under side of the volution near the base of the beak; columellar cavity only of medium size, with aperture large, wider or about as wide as high, but little modi- fied on the inner side by the preceding volution; lip shghtly expanded; surface unknown. The species somewhat reseinbles in its general appearance Pyropsis trivolvis Gabb, from the Middle Marls; but it has a much lower spire, com- posed of fewer volutions, and the anterior beak has been quite short. MOJJ XVI u 3 33 34 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY. There is no TucUcla in the Cretaceous to which it bears any great resem- blance. Formation and locality: Lower Green Marls, at Crosswicks Creek, New Jersey. In the collection at Rutgers College. Genus PYEOPSIS Conrad. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 288. Mr. Coni-ad describes this genus as follows : " Spire very short, apex not papillated; labrum without striae within, thick; columella without a fold;" and places it as a subgenus under Tudicla Bolton. Immediately following the generic description he describes T. (PyropsisJ perlata, PI. xlvi, Fig. 39, which, although not cited as the type, ought naturally, from its position in connection with the generic description, to be considered such. This shell possesses close affiuities with the MuricidcB, and with the Haiistellmn group, having a long, slender canal and beak, with the inner lip of the aperture strongly reflected over the body whorl and columella, leaving an open space between itself and the columellar portion of the beak, but not a true umbilical cavity. The canal is entirely open, however, and the whorls are without varices, although there appears to be a tendency to form spines on the periphery. The absence of striae within the aperture and want of ridge or tubercle at the base of the posterior angle of the aperture on the inner lip separate it from the genus Tudicla, with which in nearly all other char- acters it agrees. It is somewhat difficult to determine satisfactorily, among the casts with which I have to deal, which should be placed under this genus and which may belong to Mr. Gabb's genus Perissolax, as Mr. Gabb's type of tliis genus, P. trivolva, is so very closely related to this one. There appears to be little difference between the two genera if the types alone are considered, but a part of those herein referred to Pyropis, which would seem to be properly referable to it, depart considerably from the type in the greater height of the spire, the rounding of the volutions, and probably in the shorter canal, and appear to form a connection between this genus and Pyrifusus Conrad. But this latter genus has never been properly understood, owing to the improper figuring of the type species, the original of which I have examined. (See description of that genus else- where in this volume, p. 48.) GASTEEOPODA OF TUE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 35 Pyropsis elevata. Plate I, Figs. 11-13. Bapa elevata Gabb : Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 301, Pi; XLViii, Fig. 13, Meek, Geol. N. J.,. Newark, 1868, p. 730. Tudicla elevata Gabb: Synopsis, pp. 74-85; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 33; Geol. N. J , Newark, 1868, p. 730. Pyropsis perlata Conrad; Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 4, p. 348. Pyrula Bichardsonii (Tuomey) Conrad: ibid. Pyropsis elevata Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 384. Shell ratlier large, broadly turbinate, with a very low spii'e, in which the volutions scarcely rise above each other beyond the general slope of the upper surface of the outer one; whorls about thi-ee in number, the outer one large and biangular in the upper part, the upper surface sloping froui the suture to the periphery, forming only a very slight angle with the axis of the shell on all the inner parts, but more rapidly declining on the outer part of the last one; periphery of the last volution nearly vertical between the upper and lower angles, but very rapidly contracted in the lower part to form the short, obtuse, anterior canal ;' aperture very large, fully four-fifths of the entire height of the shell, strongly biangular on the outer side, and modified on the upper inner portion by the body of the preceding volution; axis as shown on the cast, large, destitute of columellar folds; surface of the shell seemingly marked by revolving ridges, but not very deeply, as the cast shows only very faint traces of them, scarcely sufficient to afford grounds for a positive assertion that they really existed, yet pretty positive indications of lines of growth exist on the summit of the outer volution, and also of stronger folds or varices at somewhat regular distances, prob- ably indicating six or eight on the last whorl. There may be some question as to the identity of this species with Conrad's Pyropsis perlata. This matter has been discussed by Messrs. Gabb and Conrad^ without any very satisfactory results. There cer- tainly is a great resemblance between the type specimen of this species and the cast which I have referred doubtfully to Mr. Conrad's species; but I am not so sure of its identity with the shell originally figured by Conrad ' Am. Jour. Concb., vol. 4, p. 428, and Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 284, 36 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY. as P. perlata. Perhaps if larger individuals of that form were examined the volutions might show a much greater angulation than does his figure cited above, and also, if the shell of this one were obtained, the anterior canal might be found prolonged as it is in the southern shell; but in their present condition I should think them more probably distinct. Formation and locality: Lower Green Marls in Burlington County, New Jersey. Collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. Pyropsis octolieata. Plate II, Figs. 8-10. Ficus odoliratus Conrad: Jour. Acad. Nat. Set., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 3, p. 333; PI. XXXV, Fig. 6 ; Gabb, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 27.6 Perissolax octolirata (Con.) Gabb: Synopsis, p. 67; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 23; Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 730. Shell of small size, globular or subpyriform in general outline; com- posed of about tliree very ventricose volutions; spire low-conical, apex apparently not mammillate.d; volutions marked by from six to nine spiral ridges or costae, which are usually strongly marked on the casts and are crossed by vertical ridges at about an equal distance or slightly more dis- tant than the spiral lines, and which divide the surface into a number of square depressed spaces; rostrum short and pointed, apparently straight, and, as seen from the aperture side, about half as long as the diameter of the last volution; aperture elongate, pointed at each extremity, and scarcely more than half as wide as long. In the casts the suture line is distinct and often very strongly marked. The New Jersey specimens of this species differ from Mr. Conrad's figure of the type, which was a Tippah County, Mississippi, specimen, in being marked by vertical lines, which that specimen does not show nor does Mr. Conrad mention them as occurring, unless it may be inferred that his statement that the costse are "inclined to be square" may have meant this, which, however, I infer to have applied to spaces between the ridges being flat instead of being concave as in those from New Jersey. This feature (the vertical costse) is a very marked one on these specimens, and I am strongly inclined to consider it a specific distinction, as on a single GASTEROPODA OP THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 37 fragment of the Tippah County specimen in the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist, no such vertical markings are seen. Among the collections from Haddonfield, New Jersey, in the collections of the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., there is an imperfect example of a small individual which I suppose to belong to this species, with shell preserved, and in which the rostrum is seen to be about equal in length to the rest of the shell, including the aperture, and to have been apparently very slightly twisted. Formation and locality: In the Lower Marls at Upper Freehold and Walnford, from the sand under the Lower Marls at Backmans pits, near Middleton, and from the clays below the marls at Haddonfield, New Jersey. Pyropsis perlata? Plate I, Figs. 8-10. Tudicla (Pyropsis) perlata Conrad ? : Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 3d ser., vol. 4, p. 388, PI. XLVi, Fig. 39; Gabb, Synopsis, p. 85; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 33. Rapa elevata Gabb, and Pyrula Richardsonii ? Tuomey, Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 4, p. 348. Pyropsis Richardsonii (Tuomey) Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 384. Tudicla (PyruJa) trochiformis Tuomey, Gabb: Synopsis, p. 85, foot note. Shell, as shown by internal casts of moderate size, broadly turbinate, with a low, almost flat spire, and short rostral beak; volutions about three in number, strongly angular on the upper part, nearly flat on the summit and rapidly increasing in size with increased growth ; sutures very strongly marked, the inner whorls having been embedded in the upper part of the outer ones; aperture comparatively large, ovate, Avide and angular above and pointed below. Umbilical cavity of the cast very large, indicating a very strong and thickened columella and short rostral beak; no evidence of spiral ridges or striae is shown on the casts examined. I am by no means certain that this form, as seen in the New Jersey beds, is identical with T. perlata, Conrad; the specimens do not furnish posi- tive characters by which the question can be determined. Com-ad's shell, as figured, would have left very much such a cast as this one, as far as the casts could be preserved, except, perhaps, in the extension of the rostral 38 PALEONTOLOGY OP NEW JERSEY. beak. Among the specimens of the species examined there is no evidence preserved showing the exact length of this part; but the evidence fm-nished is in favor of a short beak, as tlie rapid thinning of tlie cast at this part would not favor the opposite opinion. How much reason there may be for the assertion that the New Jersey form is identical with Tuomey's T. JRich- ardsonii I can not say, as I have not seen Dr. Tuomey's type specimens, which were never figured; but there are casts of three or four species before me from New Jersey, some of which accord with his description more nearly in the "angle" of the volution being "rounded" than does this one. I would, therefore, rather retain this under Mr. Conrad's name than refer it haphazard to that one. It is distinguished from all the other New Jersey species by the shorter form and greater angulation of the volution. Formation and locality: In the Lower Marl beds at Upper Freehold, New Jersey, from collections made by the State Greological Survey. ' Pyropsis retifer. Plate II, Figs. 1-4. Fusus retifer (Gabb) Jour. Acad. Nat. Soi., PMla., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 301, PI. XLviii, Fig. 11— Synopsis, p. 53. Fusus [?] retifer (Gabb) Meek, Check List Oret. and Jur. Foss., p. 23. Perissolax retifer (Gabb) Meek, Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 730. Shell of small size, pyriform in outline or subequal above and below the point of greatest diameter; volutions about tlu-ee, very ventricose and rapidly increasing in size, full and rounded above and in the middle, but rapidly contracted below, forming a short, pointed beak, even in the cast; spire low-conical, sutures very marked in the cast; aperture large, semicir- cular on the outer margin and forming nearly or quite two-thirds of the entire length of the shell; columellar cavity very narrow, indicating a slen- der, straight beak; surface marked by closely arranged, spiral ridges, placed at nearly equal distances and numbering twelve or more on the body volu- tion; also by vertical lines, which, although faintly marked, appear to have been nearly the same distance apart as the spiral ridges or much more closely arranged, as seen on different individuals. GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 39 This species is somewhat obscure in its generic features. Mr. Gabb's figure is somewhat longer than the specimen from which it was made, the spu-e being rather high and the beak less prolonged. I am aot at all sure that it is not properly referrable to the genus Perissolax, but it is, perhaps, as safe to leave it here as to venture another reference without a more positive knowledge of the shell itself, nothing but casts having yet been seen. I have only two casts in hand which I have referred to the species, and they differ considerably from each other in the proportional gibbosity of the body whorl and somewhat in the proportional length of the body of the shell. Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Walnford, New Jersey, at Mr. C. Bruere's pits, and the sand under the Lower Marls at Mr. Backman's pits, near Middletown, New Jersey. Mr. Gabb's specimen came from the same horizon at Miillica Hill, New Jersey: PyEOPSIS KiCHARDSONII ? Plate I, Figs. 14-16. fPyrula Rieliardsonii, Tnomey: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1855, p. 1G9; Con- rad, Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 4, p. 248. Pyropsis Richardsonii (Tuomey) Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 384. Perissolax {?] Richardsonii (Tuomey) Gabb: Gabb, Synopsis, p. 67; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 23. The casts which I have considered as most nearly allied to Dr. Tuomey's species, so far as I can judge of its characters from his description, are broadly pyriform and but slightly convex on the top, the inner volutions scarcely rising above the surface of the body whorl, in this feature agree- ing with his statement, "spire depressed, almost flat." The form of the outer volution is depressed convex above, but not flat, the surface slightly sloping in some individuals from the suture to near the point of great- est diameter, and regularly rounded on the sides and below, but ex- tended into a long, slightly curved beak and wide open canal in front when perfect, which is very rarely the case. Only a single individual has been found preserving this portion of the cast enti re among all this group of shells seen from New Jersey. The volutions are abo ut three in num- 40 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY. ber and increase very rapidly in size, with wide sutures in the cast, indi- cating a thickened shell; aperture large, semiluuate above, but contracted below to form the canal ; the columellar cavity in the cast rather large, without any evidence of fold or twisting; surface of the casts usually smooth,' the markings of the shell not transmitted to its inner surface, but often marked on the inner face of the whorls ; the shell as shown on two different individuals, one preserving a portion of the substance, the other retaining a part of the matrix, has been covered by very strong, nodose spu-al bands or ridges, with sometimes smaller secondary lines between. These have even existed on the columella and the beak, and very closely resemble the markings of P. trocM/ormis, from which it differs, however, in the flattened upper surface of that species and the strong fold on its columella. Formation and locality : In the Lower Green Marls at Freehold and Crosswicks Creek and at the Neversink Hills, New Jersey, and in iron nodules from the plastic clays near Freeport, New Jersey. Collections at Rutgers College. PyROPSIS ? OBESA, 11. Sp. Plate III, Figs. 12, 13. Shell of moderate size, very ventricose, with very roimd, full, short volutions, and short obtuse spire, the body volution being produced below to form a short beak of almost insignificant proportions, as shown by the cast; apical angle about 80 degrees; volutions about three in number, very short and compact; smooth on the surface, except on the last one, where spiral lines are shown to have existed on the shell and to have left their imprint; only about five or six of these traceable, and those on the lower side; aperture moderately large, obliquely ovate, rounded above and pointed below; columella rather strong, somewhat flexuose, judging from the axial cavity left in the cast, and apparently marked by a single, rather promi- nent oblique ridge in its lower part. This cast presents the general features of a Pyropsis, but differs in the possession of the columellar fold or ridge, and I am at a loss to place it sat- isfactorily under any known geims. Perhaps the matrix might show its GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GKEElsr MARLS. 41 true relations, but unfortunately such material has not been considered of value by collectors and does not often appear to exist in a condition to be preserved. Formation andlocality : In the, ferruginous layers of the Lower Marl Beds at MuUica Ilill, New Jersey. In the collection Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York city. Pyropsis trochipokmis (?) Plate I, Figs. 4-7. Pyrula trochiformis Tuomey: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1855, p. 169. Tudicla trochiformis (Tuomey) Gabb : Gabb, Synopsis, p. 85 ; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss. , p. 22. ? Pyropsis trochiformis (Tuomey) Gabb : Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1870, p. 285. Shell pyriform, with a nearly flat spire; volutions three or four, very rapidly increasing in size, ventricose and subangular above, but rapidly contracted below and forming a short anterior canal; aperture semilunate, subangular above and contracted below ; surface covered by very strong spiral lines, which leave their imprint on the cast, those on the body of the shell strong and coarse, but those below gradually becoming more slender toward the base, of which the larger volution probably had twelve or fourteen. This shell, as shown by the internal casts, if properly identified, is very closely allied to P. Bichardsonii of the same author; but the revolving ridges are more distinctly marked and the form of the volution is shorter, and more rapidly contracted below, making the beak more marked and dis- tinct from the body of the volution than in that one. Formation and locality: The examples which I have referred to Dr. Tuomey's species are from the collections of the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., where I find them under the name Pyropsis trochiformis, in Mr. Gabb's handwriting, I judge. There are several fragments of large casts, but only two small ones, which I have considered in the description. The locality on the label is marked "Cret., N. J.," only, like so very many of the specimens from this State, but one of these specimens is evidently from MuUica Hill; the other I can not refer to any definite locality. The lot is credited to Col. Bryan, but I think they are from several localities, and probably all from the Lower Marl lieds: 42 PALEONTOLOGY OP NEW JERSEY, Pyropsis Eeileyi, n. sp. Plate II, Figs. 11-20. Shell of medmm size, subglobular or globularly ovate in general form, with a moderately elevated spii'e and snbventl-icose volutions which are somewhat rapidly enlarged outwardly; volutions about three in number, the last one forming the principal bulk of the shell, and regularly rounded from the suture line to the beginning of the very slightly extended anterior beak; the inner volutions nearly on a level with each other, but the outer one dropping more rapidly below the imier, giving the greater height to the spire; volutions regularly rounded, without any angulation in the upper part, especially on the last one; aperture large, semilunate, modified above on the inside by the projection of the inner volution; cavity left in the cast by the removal of the columellar axis very large and marked on the surface by a series of circular protuberances which gradually increase in size with the growth of the shell; the inner one of four, which can be seen on one cast, and which is situated at the inner limit of the last volution, is only about a twelfth of an inch in diameter, while the outer one is rather more than one-fourth of an inch across; the surface of the shell marked by sev- eral strong, coarse, revolving ridges, which have left their imprint only very slightly on the surface of the cast; the outer lip of the shell seems also to have been slightly expanded, at least near the upper part of the aperture. This shell, as shown by the internal casts, differs from the other species herein described in its more elevated spire and rounded but less gibbous and less ventricose volutions, especially the outer one. The axis has also been much stronger in proportion to the size of the specimen, and the anterior canal shorter and less distinct. The peculiar flattened nodelike protuberances on the columellar lip may be the result of accident. Indeed, it would seem almost impossible for the animal to have purposely formed and retained such protuberances, as they are not continuous or connected but are each one isolated from the others, but their gradual increase in size as the shell has developed is a peculiar feature and gives them a meaning which they otherwise would not possess. The shell, however, is specifi- cally distinct from the others, entirely independent of this peculiarity. GASTEROPODA OP THE LOWER GREEN MARLS, 43 Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Holmdel, New Jersey. Collected by the Rev. Dr. Reiley, and now in the collection at Rutgers College. PyROPSIS NaTICOIDES, 11. sp. Plate II, Figs. 5-?. Small, obliquely ventricose, broadly naticoid in form, with a low spire and rapidly increasing volutions, the last one of which is more rapidly deflected downwards than the earlier ones and forms the great bulk of the cast, appearing in its outer third almost as if detached from the inner volu- tions of the shell, caused probably by the excessive thickening of the shell at the suture; the columella has been small and the aperture proportion- ally qtiite large, and of a semicircular form, more pointed below than above; volutions not more than two and a half in number; surface of the cast smooth, with the exception of a few faintly marked vertical folds or wrinkles which show only on the inner or smaller third of the outer volu- tions, and may have been caused by closely arranged varices of growth, but they resemble the folds on a regularly plicated shell. The species is peculiar in its naticoid form and in the rapid deflection of the outer portion of the last volution. Had it not been for the form of the aperture and columellar cavity, the cast would be naturally looked upon as that of a Natica or Gyrodes. The appearance of vertical folds would scarcely answer for Natica, but as they occur on only a small area of the outer volution they may be deceptive in their meaning. The cast might answer equally well for that of a species of BJmocheihis, and the deflections of the last whorl would also agree with some species of that genus, but I am not aware that any species of that form has been recognized as low down as the Cretaceous. It might also answer quite well for a species of Rapa. - Dr. Stoliczka figures species of Bapa^ which are quite strongly marked with vertical folds, which would show on an internal cast much more strongly than do these. Formation and locality: The specimen bears no label of locality, but possesses all the features of casts from the ferruginous layers of the Lower ' Ind. Geol. Surv. Pal. Indica, Cret. Fauna South Ind., vol. 9, PI. xiii. 44 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY. Marl Beds at Mullica Hill, New Jersey, and I have no doubt of its having come from that place. Collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. PyROPSIS (RaPA ?) SEPTEMLIRATA. Plate III, Figs. 4-8. Gancellaria se23temlirata Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 18C0, p. 94, PI. ii, Fig. 10 ; Gabb, Synopsis, p. 42. CanceUaria? septemlirata (Gabb) Meek, Check List Cret. and Jiir. Foss., p. 19, Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, pp. 729. Pyropsis septemlirata G-abb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 285. Shell, as shown by the internal casts, depressed globular or broadly oblate in general outline, the volutions being very ventricose, and the spire low, the inner volutions rising but very little above the oriter ones, and the base in the casts being quite short; volutions probably not more than three and a half or four in number, and very rapidly expanding, so that the last one forms nearly the entire bulk of the shell, the outer one being slightly angular in the upper part; aperture large, semihmate or semielliptical, as wide as or Avider than high, modified on the inner upper half by the pre- ceding volution, and slightly extended below by the projection of the short columella, upon which there appears to have been a strong, angular ridge; surface marked by very strong, angular, spiral ridges with concave interspaces; seven or eight of these may be counted below the angulation of the outer volution, including the angle itself, and two or three smaller ones above this point on large specimens; those below the angulation grad- Tially decrease in distance and become more and more oblique as they approach the columella. On a single large distorted specimen which I find in the collection of the Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., identified apparently by Mr. Gabb, there appears to have been rather strong, irregular, transverse marks of growth crossing the spiral lines, possibly only an individual char- acter, but I think probably organic and a specific feature. In its general form this species is somewhat similar to P. octolircda Con., but diifers in its much greater size, lower spire, and shorter canal, as well as in the slight angulation of the body whorl, which that one never shows. I do not think it probal3le that this shell was congeneric with those upon GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 45 which the genus Pyropsis was originally founded, ou account of the exist- ence of a ridge-like feature on the columella near the base of the aperture, which indicates a projection of the shell at this point and the oblique truncation of the anterior ends of the casts, features which would appear to ally this and the following species with Rapa papijracea Lain., and I strongly suspect that is where they both belong. Formation and locality: In the Lower Marls of New Jersey, at MuUica Hill and Holmdel. The specimens are invariably in a very poor state of preservation. Pyropsis (Rapa ?) Corrina, n. sp. Plate III, Figs. 1-3. Shell of medium size, turbinate, with a nearly flat spire, consisting of two and a half to three volutions, and with a short base; volutions rounded above, and separated by deep, wide sutures in the casts, increasing very rapidly with the increased growth of the shell, broadly rounded on the periphery and angulated at the base, with a projecting border around the extremely wide and open umbilical cavity of the cast; aperture large, obliquely subovate, rounded above and on the outer side, sti-aightened or strongly modified on the inner margin and pointed below; oolumella strong, or else hollow and formed by a free inner lip like that of Bapa; marked on the lower part by a strong angulation, which has projected into the aperture like a knee a short distance above the base; surface of the cast smooth, showing no evidence of spiral or transverse hues or ridges. I at first included this species among those referred to Pyropsis trachy- formis Tuomey, but was compelled subsequently to change its position from the evidence aff'orded by the knee-Uke projecting ridge of the columella, which I think allies this shell, and also P. septemlirata Gabb, with Ba^m,, deeming them closely allied to shells like B. papyracea Lam. ; but from want of sufficient evidence I leave them in their present place doubtfully. Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Holmdel, New Jersey. From Prof. Reiley's collection. 46 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JEESEY, Genus Perissolax Gabb. Synopsis of the MoUusca of the Cretaceous formations, by W. M. Gabb, 1861, p. 66. The genus Perissolax was founded upon a group of shells, found in the Cretaceous formations, which are characterized by a low spire, rather large, globose or pyriform body volution, and a rather long anterior beak and canal, which is straight or but very little curved, and a columella without plaits or folds. Mr. Grabb cites as types P. (Fiisus) longirostris D'Orb., from Chili, South America, and P. (Ftmis) trivohms Gabb, from the New Jersey Middle Marl Beds. From Mr. Grabb's remarks and the classification of his species in his various papers where it is mentioned, he appears to have considered it as strongly related to Fits us, although in his original description^ of the gemis he says: "They have nearly the form of the genus Tudicla or HmisteUum," the latter of which is usually classed with or consid- ered as a synonym of Murex. Mr. Tryon, in his Structural and Systematic Conchology, classes Perissolax under the Buccinidce, while Dr. Stoliczka,^ although quite doubtful of its relations, would appear to indicate it as belong- ing to the Muricidce near or among the FidgurincB. After studying the species herein described, in connection with others from other parts of the country, I am inclined to consider them as having their nearest affinities with Haustellum in the Muricidce, and have so arranged them. The Fusus longi- rostris, D'Orb., I only know from figures, but the Fusus trivolvis Gabb, the American type, is figured and described in this volume, the type specimen having been used for this purpose. It will be readily seen on comparison that it has more resemblance to HausteUum than to the typical forms of the genus Fusus, and difi"ers principally in the higher spire and want of periodic varices. Some of the species have, however, nodes or short spines at stated distances on the periphery. The full characters of the beak and canal have not been seen in any of the New Jersey specimens, all the species having been described from casts on which these parts are wanting to a greater or less extent. There can be but little doubt as to its relations, however, with that group of the Muricidce, and none I think as to its valid- ity, even should it prove to be identical with Conrad's genus Pyropsis, to which it is very closely related, as it has precedence in point of time. 'Synopsis of the Mollusoa of the Cretaceous formations, 1861, p. 66. -luOi. Geol. Surv., Pal. Indioa, Cret. Fauna South lud., vol. 2, p. 113. GASTEEOPODA OF THE LOWEK GREEN MARLS. 47 Pekissolax dubia. Plate III, Figs. 9-11. Purpuroidea? dubia Gabb : Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1860, p. 94, PI. ii. Fig. 11; Synopsis, p. 73; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jiir. Foss., p. 21; Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 730. Shell of medium size, conical above, abruptly contracted below the largest part of the last volution, and extended in front into a short, some- what slender beak; volutions about four, strong, convex on the surface, with well-marked sutures; apical angle in the vicinity of fifty degrees; aperture ovate, somewhat acute at each end, but prolonged below; surface marked by revolving ridges and by closely arranged vertical folds; of the former, there are eleven, eight of which may be said to be above the middle of the volution, or above the periphery, while three only are really below this point, and these more distant and somewhat stronger than the others, with distinctly concave spaces between, while the lower half of the space between the beak and the periphery seems to be destitute of ridges; vertical folds low and rounded, with concave interspaces of about an equal breadth with the folds, or the folds may be said to unite at their bases, occupying the entire space; twelve of them can be counted on the outer half of the last volution; the folds bent slightly backwards from the suture to the cen- ter of the volution, and again very faintly forward at that point, below which they rapidly become obsolete, not showing on the under side of the volution. The specimen from which the above description is taken is entn-ely a cast, in very soft, friable marl, and is rapidly falhng to pieces, notwith- standing every effort has been made to preserve it, the decomposition hav- ing progressed too far before it came into my hands. It appears to be a cast retaining the external features, the yielding marl having been pressed into the cavity as the shell substance was removed; it thus retains the external features and presents the true characters of the shell. It is much larger than Mr. Grabb's type specimen, which is also a cast, but partially if not wholly an internal one, so that the surface features were not fully pre- served. There can be but Httle if any doubt, however, of their specific dentity. I am not sure that the present specimen retains the entire length 48 PALEONTOLOGY OP NEW JERSEY. of the anterior beak, as a part of the marl has crumbled at that point, but as far as the specimen showed when first obtained, the figure is cor- rect and may be relied upon. The specimen is, moreover, somewhat dis- torted by oblique pressure, making the under surface of the volution broader and less abrupt than is natural. This corrected would cause it to resemble Mr. Gabb's figure more closely. Formation and locality: In the dark-green, friable, and rather coarse layers of the Lower Grreen Marl, at Holmdel, New Jersey. In the collec- tion of Prof Reiley. Mr. Gabb's specimen was from Mullica Hill, New Jersey, from a similar position. Genus PYEIFUSUS Conrad. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 3, 1858, p. 332. Type P. subdensatus, ibid, p. 332, PI. xxxv, Fig. 12. Mr. Conrad describes this genus, which is founded upon his species Pi/rifusus subdensatus, as follows: "Pyriform; columella broad, thick, flat- tened; body volution transversely oval." Mr. Conrad's type specimen upon which both the species and the genus was founded is before me, and there are two of the characters as given in the above generic description that I should consider as not really belonging to the shell. The statement that the columella is "flattened," I should consider incorrect. It is excessively thickened for the entire length of the inner lip, almost forming a tubercle at the upper end, and along the narrow part of the canal is so much thick- ened as to give it a sharply angular ridge on the inner edge, but there is no flattening of the columella like that of Littorina or Purpurea. In this one specimen, the only one I have seen of the species, the thickening of the columella with age has been so great as to raise its surface very much above that of the external shell surface directly against it, in this way making the entire columella much broader than it would be in a younger shell. Another feature of the description above quoted is "body volution trans- versely oval." Nearly all univalve shells having rapidly increasing volu- tions appear oval in a summit view, or, as the description says, "transversely oval," from the greater increase in diameter of the outer part of the volu- GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 49 tion. To this, in the present specimen, is added an unequal increase in growth from an accident during Ufe, and some slight compression from the condition of its imbedding, the compression coming in a dorso-ventral direction. I have given tlu^ee figures of this specimen on PI. iv, Figs. 1-3, for the purpose of correction. Mr. Meek^ has emended Mr. Com-ad's generic description, as follows: "Shell with body volution a little compressed dorso-ventrally; columella flattened; spue about one-fifth the length of the aperture and canal;" citing the same species as the type. Mr. Meek undoubtedly took his ideas of the shell from Mr. Conrad's description and a very imperfect figure of the back of the shell only. Of this I feel certain, for the reason that the type, which is the property of the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City, coming to them through Prof Holmes, of Charleston, South Carolina, was at that time packed away in New York, and not opened until some years afterward by myself Here he has increased the confusion by regarding the slight indi- vidual imperfection and accidental compression as the principal and impor- tant generic feature. Mr. Conrad^ adds still further to the confusion by citing from the Paleontologia Indica, vol. 2, as belonging to this genus fig- •ures and species which are quite distinct from it. This also Mr. Meek points out. Mr. Meek^ in the earlier lines of his extended description of the genus, states that the spire is "not papillate at the apex." The specimen is slightly imperfect at the apex, but it shows plainly that it was papillate at the apex when perfect, although but slightly so. Again, speaking of the aperture, he says, "being angular, but not notched or canaliculate above," which the specimen certainly is, and quite distinctly so. Still, notwith- standing these features, Mr. Meek's genus Neptunella^ with which he was comparing it, is quite a distinct form. Mr. Conrad's genus may be char- acterized as follows: Shell turbinate or pyriform; spire short; canal and beak short, slightly bent in the lower part; columella smooth, thickened, slightly callous in the upper part; aperture large, channeled above and narrowly contracted •Invert. Pal., vol. 9, U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., pp. 343-344.| 'Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 4, p. 248. 3U. S. Geol. Siirv. Terr,, vol. 9, Invert Pal., p. 343. MON xvm 4 50 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY. below; outer lip slightly thickened periodically, broadly sinuate on the margin in the upper part, smooth within; volutions ventricose above and contracted below, longitudinally costate and spirally lined; axis not umbil- icated. Type P. subdensata Conrad. The genus is most nearly allied to Pyropsis, Tudicla, and Papa. It differs fi'om each of them in the thickened, callous columella; from Papa in want- ing the umbilicus ; from Pyropsis in the shorter beak (want of angulations on the volutions in some sjjecies), and in having the inner lip entirely united with the columella or beak of the shell; from Tudicla in the shorter beak, smooth inner surface of the outer lip, and pyriform shape and posterior channel. From some of the Tudiclas herein described under that genus, there appears but slight diiference except in the features of the aperture and columella; and in the casts it is somewhat difficult to say to which genus they belong. Pyeifusus erraticus, n. sp. Plate IV, Figs. 4, 5. Shell of medium size, a very fine specimen used, measuring 1^ inches in length; nearly equally fusiform or biconical in general outline as viewed from the back; apical angle about 50'^; volutions, about foin- in number, the last one large, subangular on the periphery, concave above, rounded below the middle, and contracted in the lower part; upper volutions con- vex; suture distinct; aperture elongate; canal short; the volutions crossed by nine or ten vertical plications, which are strong, prominent, and rounded on the larger part of the volution, and but faintly marked on the lower convexity of the last one, becoming obsolete before reaching the beak; the entire surface of the shell also marked by beautifully rounded, spiral lines, which are alternately larger and smaller, and very closely aiTanged; these again crossed by fine transverse lines of growth, which make a broad and rather strong retral curve from the suture to the most prominent ^jart of the longitudinal plications, below which point they again bend forward to the swell of the volution below; columella and axis unknown. GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 51 This species is somewhat similar to P. Newherryi M. & H., from the upper Missouri region, but is more equally biconical, less ventricose in the middle in proportion to the length, and has the longitudinal ribs more dis- tant. I know of no other species with which it vaaij be readily confounded. Formation and locality: The specimen figured, representing the surface structure, is from a matrix in an iron sand nodule, foinid in drift clay, at Clifii"wood, New Jersey, and is in the collection at Columbia College. The figure is made from a gutta-percha impression in this natural mold. These nodules are supposed to come from the Lower Marls, as the fossils are all from that horizon. PyEIFUSUS CUNEUS, 11. sp. Plate IV, Figs. 9-11. Shell of medium size, short-fusiform, nearly twice as long below as above the periphery of the last volution when viewed from in front, and almost I'egularly sloping from that point to the pointed anterior extremity, as seen in the cast; apical angle about 60° or 55°; volutions about four; subangular on the periphery and marked by moderately distant but distinct vertical folds, which are obsolete on the lower third of the volution, but increase in strength and distance with the increased growth of the shell. Twelve of these folds can be counted on the body whorl of the best pre- sei'ved cast. Umbilical cavity in the cast, as left by the removal of the colu- mella, large and destitute of markings or folds of any kind; aperture cuneate-elliptical, sharply pointed below and angular above; surface char- acters of the shell unknown. This species is of about the size of P. erraticus, but differs somewhat in the form of the volutions and in the less elevation of the spire. The "volutions are more angular on the periphery and the angulation is com- paratively higher than in that species, while the vertical folds are more closely arranged. The lower portion of the volution is also not constricted between the body of the volution and the anterior beak, so that the shell is of a wedge-shaped form below the periphery. It somewhat closely resembles P. Netvherryi M. & H.' U, S. Geol, Surv. Terr., vol. 9, Invert. Pal., p. 346, PI. xxxi, Fig. H, a-d. 52 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY. Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls of the Cretaceous at Freehold, New Jersey. Pyrifusus mullicaensis ?. Plate IV, Figs. 16-19. Pleurotoma mullicaensis Gabb : Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., PMla., 1860, p. 95, PI. Ii, Fig. 8. Fusus mullicaensis Gabb : Synopsis, pp. 53, 68 ; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 32; Fusus ? (Gabb) Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 730. Shell of medium size, ovately biturbinate, of nearly equal length above and below the point of greatest diameter; spire obtusely conical, giving an apical angle of about 50°; volutions probably about five in the shell, ventricose, with deep sutures, the last one subangular on the periphery and presenting a pyriform shape when considered without reference to those above, the lower part being somewhat attenuated; aperture large, elongate, subelliptical, more rounded externally than on the inner side; columella large and strong, as shown by the cavity left, by the removal of its sub- stance in the cast, smooth, and probably pointed below ; volutions marked by numerous obliquely vertical folds, strongest on the largest pai"t; surface features unknown. This species is closely related to P. erraticus n. sp., herein described, but differs materially in its more distinctly ventricose and more pronounced volutions, and apparently in the greater number of vertical folds crossing them. Mr. Gabb's type specimen had nearly the form and size of that here described, so nearly so that not the least doubt exists of their specific identity; but the generic relations appear to be undoubtedly with Pv/n/«. 43). 5-7. Three views of the type, showing ihe Naticoid form. Collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. PviiOPSis ocToi.ii ATA Courad (p. 36). 8, 9. Two views of a large cast of typical form. 10. View of another individual showing the extension of the anterior beak. Pykopsis Keileyi Whitf (p. 42). 11, 12. Two views of a small cast from Holmdel, New Jersey, from white clays. 13, 14. Two views of a cast showing faint spiral lines, and also the coluuiellar pits, 15, 16. Two views of another cast which is entirely smooth. 17. View of the aperture of a specimen which retains a part of the shell and shows the markings. 18, 19. Two views of a cast from an ironstone nodule where the anterior beak is preserved. 20. Impression taken iu the matrix of the same specimen showing surface features. Near Key Port, New Jersey. 302 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PLATE II /? -<**-«. - VOLUTID^E OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XI. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI. EosTELLiTBS NASUTUS Gabb (p. 86). Figs. 1, 2. Two views of Mr. Gabb's type from the collection of the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. EOSTELLITES ANGULATUS Whitf. (p. 88). 3, 4. Two views of a cast showing the flattening of the body volution. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. EOSTELLITES TEXTDRATDS Whitf. (p. 88). 5, 6. Views of two individuals, oue from Holmdel, the other from Freehold, New Jersey, showing difference in surface markings. TUREICULA LEDA Whitf. (p. 93). 7. View of the cast used in description. TCRRICULA Eeileyi Whitf. (p. 92). 8. View of cast described, showing the impression of the extension of the upire above, TURKICULA SCALARIP0RMI8 Whitf. (p. 95). 9. The cast representing the two sets of surface markings. 320 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVlll PLATE Xi u /% VOLUTID/E AND MITRID^ OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XII, MON xvm 21 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII. TURBINOPSIS PLICATA Whitf. (p. 104). Figs. 1,2. Two views of a specimen showing the features of the species. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. TUKBINOPSIS CURTA Whitf. (p. 102). 3, 4. Two views of a small cast showing the short spire. 5,6. Views of a larger specimen. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. TuRBiNOPSis HiLGARDi Conrad. 1 (p. 100). 7-9. Views of throe imperfect casts referred to this species. TURBINOPSIS ELK V ATA Whitf. (p. 102). 10, 11. Two views of au imperfect cast. 12. Au imperfect cast showing the isolated spots on the columella. 13,14. Views of a more slender cast. All from the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. TCJKBINOPSIS MAJOR Whitf. (p. 103). 15, 16. Two views of a small specimen. 21, 23. Three views of a large cast. TURBINOPSIS ANGULATA Whitf. (p. 101). 17, 18. Two views of a cast showing the specific features. MOREA NATIOELLA Gabb (p. 97). 19,20. Two views of the type specimen. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. Cancellaria (Merica) subalta Conrad (p. 95). 24. View of the shell somewhat restored. 25. Enlargement from the colutnellar lip. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 322 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVlrr PLATE XII ,J?v ^6#^ 3 10 /3 J4 if' I M r f^ f/ /e ■/ 1 ""iKfa*-- CANCELLARIID/E OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XIII. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIIL Sl'RCULA STRIGOSA Gal)b (p. 105). Figs. 1. View of the fragment supposed to be the typo. CiTHARA MULLICAENSIS Whitf. (p. 106). 2, 3. Front views, oae natural size and one enlarged, of a specimen retaining the shell. 4, 5. Two views of a cast. 6. View of a larger cast from the same locality. CiTHARA Crosswickensis Whitf. (p. 107). 7, 8. Two views of the best cast yet found. ROSTBLLARIA CURTA Whitf. (p. 109). 9, 10. Views of the opposite sides of a cast showing the features described. 11. View of a second cast. 12, 13. Two views of a specimen retaining fragments of shell. ROSTELLARIA FUSIFORMIS Whitf. (p. 110). 14, 15. Two views of the most perfect cast observed. ROSTELLARIA SPIRATA Whitf. (p. 109). 16, ] 7. Two views of a characteristic cast of the species. ROSTELLARIA COMPACTA Whitf. (p. 108). 18, 19. Views of a very compact cast showing a ridge on the front of Fig. 18. 20,21. Views of a second cast which is less compact. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. Anchura (Dkapanochilus) co.mpressa Whitf (p. 117). 22, 23. Two views of a large cast from Freehold, New Jersey. 24, 25. Views of a cast showing a shorter spire. From the collection of Columbia College. 324 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVllI PLATE XIII PLEURO'^OMID^E AND STROMEID/E OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XIV. EXPLANATION OP PLATE XIV. Anchura abrupta Conrad (p. 113). Figs. 1. "View of a largo imperfect cast of the form referred to this species. 2,3. Views of the opposite sides of a second cast, showing the carina ou the back of the volu- tion. Am. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. Anchura abrupta var. acutispira Whitf. (p. 114). 4. View of the specimen described. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. Alaria rostrata Gabb (p. 119). 5,6. Views of two different specimens, both showing the outer lip. Fig. ^y is from a Holmdel specimen ; Fig. 6 from Haddonfield, New Jersey, in the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. Anchura pknnata Morton (p. 115). 7, 8. Views of two oasts which show the outer lip. Both from Holmdel, New Jersey. Anchura solitaria Whitf. (p. 117). 9. View of the single imperfect cast observed. Anchura arenaria Morton (p. 112). 10. View of Dr. Morton's type specimen. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. ROSTELLARIA HeBB WMtf. (p. 111). 11-13. Three views of the best cast of the species observed. 14. View of another imperfect cast showing spiral lines. Anchura paqodaformis Whitf. (p. 116). 15, 16. Views of the opposite sides of the best cast of the species yet found. 326 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PLATE XIV 5- r V so y 1 II J%' p^ r^- \V 9 V_^/ /4- 7*55^ \ / STROMBID/E OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XV. Explanation of plate xv. Cypr^a (Aricia) Mortoni Gabb (p. 120). Figs. 1-3. Three views of Mr. Gabb's New Jersey type. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. DOLIDM(DOLIOPSIS) MULTILIRATUM Wbitf. (p. 121). 4, 5. Two views of the specimen used, natural size. 6. Enlarged view of the same. FiCUS PR^CBDENS Whitf. (p. 122). ?, 8. Two views, enlarged two diameters, of the most perfect cast observed. Natica abyssina Morton (p. 123). 9, 10. Two views, lateral and basal, of a cast from the white limestone nodules at Monmouth New Jersey. ' 11, 12. Two similar views of another cast from the Green Marls. Gyrodes infracarinata Gabb (p. 125). 13-15. Three views of a very characteristic cast from Highlands, New Jersey. 16. Basal view of a large cast from Burlington, New Jersey. Gyrodes Abbotti Gabb, (p. 124). 17. Summit view of the type specimen. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 328 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIll PLATE XV 3 ""^^-ia^ij*^ CYPR/EID/E, DOLIIDyE, AND NATICID^ OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XVI. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI, Gyrodes petrosa Morton (p. Vi7). Figs. 1-3. Back, front, and summit views of a specimen from Mulliea Hill. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City, 4. Summit view of .1 casl from Crosswicka Creek. Columbia College, Gykouks crenata Conrad (p. 126). 5,6. Two views of tbe type specimen from tiie Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Gykodes altispira Gabb (p. 128), 7,8. Front and back views of a cast from MnUica Hill in tbe Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City. Gyrodes obtusivolva Gabb (p. 129). 9, 11. Views of different specimens from Upper Freehold. 12. View of another cast in the collection of tbe Am. Mns. Nat. Hist,, New York City, from New Egypt, New Jersey. Lunatia Halli Gabb. (p. 130). 13,14. Two views of a specimen from MuUica HiU in the Acad. Nat. Sci. Pbila. 15, 16. Similar views of a cast from tbe same place in tbe Am. Mus, Nat. Hist. , New York City, Amauropsis punctata Gabb (p. 132). 17, View of the type specimen. Acad. Nat. Sci, Phila. 18, Enlargement of the surface. 19-21. Views of different individuals showing but slight diversity in form. Amauropsis Mebkana Whitf. (p. 131). 22, 23, 25. Views of different specimens showing a slight difference in form. Pig. 22 enlarged to two diameters. 24. Enlargement of the surface. Amauropsis paludin^formis H. M. (pp. 131,132). 26. Enlarged view of tlie type of this species for comparison, two diameters. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City, 330 ■ ■ U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PLATE XVI NATICID/E OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XVII. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII. Margarita abtssina Gabb (p. 133). Pigs. 1, 2. Lateral and basal views of a specimen from Burlington, New Jersey. Am. Mns. Nat. Hist. New York City. 3. Enlargement to two diameters of the same. 4, 5. Lateral and summit views of a cast from CJrosswicks. Modulus lapidosus Whitf. (p. 152). 6-8. Lateral, basal, and summit views of a very perfect cast. Delphinula lapidosa Morton's sp. (p. 152). 9-11. Enlarged lateral, summit, and basal views of Dr. Morton's type, from Alabama. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. Margaritella Abbotti Gabb (p. 134). 12, 13. Summit and basal views of Mr. Gabb's type. Acad. Nat; Sci., Phila. 14, 15. Lateral and summit views of another cast. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. Xbnophora LEPR08A Morton (p. 135). 16, 17. Summit and basal views of a small cast. 18, 19. Basal and lateral views of a large cast from Crosswicks, New Jersey. Endopttgma umbilicata Tuomey (p. 136). 20. Basal view of a small cast showing the groove left by the spiral tooth. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City. The specimen is from Burlington, New Jersey. 332 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SL'RVEY TROCHID/E, ONUSTIO/E, AND LITTORINID/E OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XVIII, EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVIIL ScALARiA (Opalia) Thomasi Gabb ? (p. 137). Fig. 1. View of the only specimen of the species observed. Acad. Nat. Soi., Phila. Scalaria Sillimani Morton (p. 138). 2. View of tlie specimen identified. Scalaria? paupbrata Whitf. (p. 141). 3, 4. Two views of a specimen retaining some of the shell. 5, 6. Similar views of a complete cast. 7. Enlargement of sniface from Fig. 3. TURRITELLA COMPACTA Whitf. (p. 142.) 8, 9. Two views of a cast of this species. TURRITELLA GRANULICOSTA Gabb (p. 144). 10. View of the type specimen. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 11. Enlargement of the surface. Scalaria? Hercules Whitf, (p. 140). 12. View of the specimen as obtained from a gutta-percha impression in the natural mold. Columbia College. TURRITELLA VERTEBROIDES, MortOn (p. 146). 13 14. View of Morton's type and an enlargement of the surface. Acad. Nat. Scl., Phila. 15. View of au impression in a natural mold from Monmoutlj, New Jersey. 16. View of a large cast in the collection at Columbia College. 17. View of a cast from Monmouth County, New Jersey. 18. Au imperfect cast, Mr. Gabb's second type of Laxispira Imibricalia, natural size. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. TURRITELLA ENCRINOIDES MoltOn (p. 143). 19 20. View of Morton's type and enlargement of surface. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. In the en- largement, the volution is represented as too round. 21 22. View of two internal casts referred to this species from Upper Freehold, New Jersey. TURRITELLA LiPPINCOTTI Whitf. (p. 145). 23 24. View of a partial cast from Crosswicks, New Jersey, and an imprint from the natural mold from Holmdel, New Jersey. Laxispira lumbricalis Gabb (p. 148). 25. Copy of Mr. Gabb's figure of the type of the genus and species. The second specimen is Fig. 18. See also explanation of Fig. 26. SiLIQUARIA PAUPBRATA Whitf. (p. 149). 26. Enlarged view (two diameters) of a cast showing the slit. This specimen was included in Gabb's types of Laxispira lumiricalis. 27 28. Two views of another specimen found with the above. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 334 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PLATE XVIII *>." ml H "5??— ... -3S| s«: -r^-;-^--irm' SCALARMD/E, TURRITELLID/E, AND VERMETID/E OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XIX. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX. Obeliscus conellos Whitf. (p. 151). Figs. 1. View of the front aide of the speciiuea described, greatly ealarge.d. Acad. Nat. Soi. Phila. Leiostraca cketacea Conrad (p. 150). 2-4. Views of three specimens showing the features described, eularg^'d four, five, and three diameters respectively. 5. A still further enlargement of the aperture from another shell. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila, Helcion ? TENTORIUM Morton (p. 153). 6,7. Lateral and vertical views of the type, enlarged. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 8. Further enlargement of the marginal strife. Action cretacea Gabb (p. 158.). 9, 10. Two views of a cast which shows no spiral striae. 11, 12. Two views of another cast showing spiral striae. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. AcTiBON Gabbana Whitf. (p. 156). 13. Front view of one of Mr. Gabb's types of A. bipUcata. See Figs. 23-25. ACTiBON SUBOVOIDES Whitf. (p. 155). 14. Front view of the specimen marked " type of A. ovoides Gabb." 15, 16. Two views of a second specimen. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Action Forbesiana Whitf. (p. 1.^7). 17, 18. Two views of a cast of the species. 19, 20. Enlargements to two diameters of Fig. 17 and another specimen, showing the spiral lines. 21,22. Two views of an individual from Mullica Hill. Action Gabbana Whitf. (p. 156). 23-25. Further illustrations of this species to show the aperture, etc. Globiconcha corta Gabb (p. 160). 26,27. Front and lateral views of a cast of this species from Bell County, Texas. CiNULlA (OlIGOPLYCHIA) NATICOIDES Gabb (p. 161). 28. View of a specimen, natural size, from the collection at Columbia College. Monmouth County, New Jersey. 29. Enlargement of the front of the same. 30. View of another cast showing the cavity of the ridge. Cross wicks Creek, Now Jersey. 336 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PLATE XIX EULIMlD/€, PYRAMIDELLID/E, PATELLID^E, AND TORNATELLID/E OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XX MON XVIII 22 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XX. AVBLLANA BULLATA MortOn (p. 163). Figs. I, 4. Views of two different specimens, apparently both used by Dr. Morton. Acad. Nat. Soi., Phila. CiNULIA OVOIDEA Gabb (p. 162). 5, 6. Two views of Mr. Gabb's type specimen. Bulla Moktoni Lyell & Forbes (p. 165). 7,8. Front and back views of a very large specimen from Crosawicks, in the Columbia College collection. 9. View of a smaller specimen. Collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila, Cylichna recta Gabb (p. 164). 10,11. Two views of the type specimen enlarged two diameters. Dbntalium (Falcdla) falcatum Conrad (p. 169). 12, 14. View of small much curved specimen, all casts. 15-17. Views of the larger portion of three individual casts. 18. Portion of a partial cast, looking on the back and showing striae of growth. Acad. Nat. Sci. Puila. Dentalium subarccatum Conrad (p. 166). 19. View of a crushed shell from Haddonfield, New Jersey. 20. View of a shell showing the curvature. 21.23. Opposite sides of casts showing the internal features described. 23.24. Enlargement of the surface of Fig. 19, and transverse section of the same. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. Serpula (Diploconcha) cretacea Conrad ? (p. 170). 25. View of the specimen described showing the general features, 338 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PLATE XX TORNATELLID^,CYLICHNID/E, BULLID/E, AND DENTALIID/E OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XXI. EXPLANATION OP PLATE XXI. Pbeissolax trivolva Gabl) (p. 172). Fig. 1. View of Mr. Gabb's typo specicieu from the collection of the Acad. Nat. Soi., Phila. 1,2. Two views of a specimen which has lost the beak. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City. VOLUTODERMA Abbotti Gabb (p. 173). 4, i). Views of the opposite sides of the type specimen from the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 6, 7. Two views of a specimen from the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City. 8, 9. Similar views of a specimen from the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. LUNATiA Halli Gabb (p. 175). 10, 11. Views of the opposite sides of a specimen from Timber Creek, New Jersey, in the collec- tion of the Am. Miis. Nat. Hist., New York City. Natica abyssina Morton (p. 175). 12,13. Front and vertical views of a specimen from Timber Creek, New Jersey, in the collec- tion of the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City. 340 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PLATE XXI MURICID^, VOLUTID/E, AND NATICID/E OF THE MIDDLE BED GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XXII. EXPLAHATIOH OF PLATE XXII. Cavoscala annolata Mort. sp. (p. 177). Figs. 1,2. Views of the opposite sides of a large specimen showing the general features. ii. Basal view of the same specimen showing the character of the umbilical cavity and the flattened callosity around it. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 4. Enlargement of four of the ribs from the body volution. 5. A further enlargement of one rib to show the liner vertical striae. Pleurotomaria Tintonensis Whitf. (p. 178). 7-9. Vertical, basal, frout and lateral views of the specimen described, which I am inclined to think is a European specimen. Collection at Columbia College. Pleurotrema solariformis Whitf. (p. 180). 10, 11. Vertical and basal views of a large individual from the collection of the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City. 12, 13. Later.al and basal views of one from the collection of Acad. Nat, Sci., Phila. Fig. 12 showing the casts of openings along the line of the slit. 14. View of a third specimen of the species. 342 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVHI PLATE XXII SCALARIID.C AND PLEUROTOMARIID/t OF THE MIDDLE BED GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XXIII. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIIL Caricella plicata Wbitf. (p. 182). Figs. 1, 2. Views of the opposite sides of the specimen described. Pleurotoma Farmingdalensis Whitf. (p. 185). 3, 4. Two views of the type specimen showing all there is preserved of the cast. TORRITELLA PUMILLA Gabb (p. 187). 5, 6. Two views of a specimen presumed to be of this species. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. Plkurotomaria Brittoni Whitf. (p. 188). 7-9. Lateral, vertical, and basal views of the only oast observed. ROSTBLLITES BICONICUS Whitf. (p. 183). 10,11. Two views of a large characteristic specimen, showing the features of the aperture very distinctly. Bulla conica Whitf. (p. 189). 12, 13. Two views of a very perfect cast from Sharls River. Collection of Columbia College. Volutoderma intermedia Whitf. (p. 184). 14. Front view of the best cast observed, showing the three plications. 15. Outline of a fragment showing the imprint of the exterior surface on the inside of the outer volution. EOSTELLAEIA NOBILIS Whitf. (p. 186). 16, 17. Two views of the cast described. 344 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY TURBINELLID/E, VOLUTID/E, PLEUROTOMJD/E, STROMBID^, TURRITELLID^, PLEUROTOMARIID/E, AND BULLID/E FROM THE BASE OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XXIV. EXPLANATION OP PLATE XXIV. Note. — On the plates of the Eocene the figured Bpeciiueus, when not otherwise stated, may be found in the State collection at Rutgers College, or at Treutou, 'New Jersey. MUREX (PtERONOTUS') I.iEVAVARICOSUS Whitf. (p. 190). Figs. 1,2. Views of opposite sides of the cast. MoREX? sp. undetermined (p. 191). 3. View of a gutta-percha imprint taken from the natural mold. Triton Eocense Whitf. (p. 192). 4,5. Views of opposite sides of the cast described. FUSUS (UROSALPIJiX?) MULTICOSTATUS Whitf. (p. 200). 6, 7. Two views of the cast, the latter with the beak in outline. RhINOCANTHA (?) CONRADI Whitf. (p. 191). 8. View of a specimen from the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist, collection showing the lip extended above. 9-11. Three views of another specimen showing the base of the beak. FuSUS PLEURICOSTATA Whitf (p. 195). 12. View of a cast showing the beak. 13, 14. Two views of a larger cast without beak. PUSUS ANGULARIS Whitf. (p. 194). 15, 16. Views of the opposite sides of a specimen in the collection of the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York Citj'. 17, 18. View of a broader specimen of the Rutgers College collection. 19. The exterior as obtained from an imprint. PsEUDOLiVA vetusta Courad (p. 193). 20. View of the front of the only specimen seen. 346 U, S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PLATE XXIV ,e^-? 't£r> 8 ,5 10 11 / IZ j: /s f . /'S ,-f^k' r J 1 J9 ^-^=3^ ^0 MURICIDyE, TRITONID/E, PURPURID/E, AND FUSID/E OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XXV. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXV. Fusus (Nbptunba) staminea Courad (p. 197). Figs. 1, 2. Lateral view, and view of the summit of the best specimens yet observed. Fusus (Neptunba) Hector Whitf. (p. 199). 3, 4. Views of the opposite sides of a small cast. 5, 6. Similar views of a large individual destitute of the anterior beak. Fusus (Neptunea) Hector var. multilineata Whitf. (p. 199). 7. View of the flattened cast showing all that is preserved. Fusus PEROBESUS Whitf. (p. 196). 8, 9. Views of the opposite sides of the specimen described. Fusus EocENicus Whitf. (p. 198). 10, 11. Two views of a large cast retaining the anterior beak, and showing the imprint of an oyster which had attached to the inside of the body volution. 12, 13. Two views of a smaller cast which has lost the beak, but preserves the surface markings. 348 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIM PLATE XXV V r3. ^ ■■(w 73 'X. > . f ? FUSID/E OF THE EOCENE LAYERS, UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XXVI. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVL FUSUS PAUCICOSTATUS Whitf. (p. 196). Figs. 1. View of a small specimen showing nearly the entire form. 2,3. Views of the opposite aide of a specimen showing some modification in form of the costaj. 4,5. Viewsof a large individual retaining the anterior beak entire, but imbedded in the matrix 80 the opposite side could not be obtained in Fig. 5. 6. Enlargement of the surface from Fig. 4. Clavella raphanoides Conrad (p. 201). 7,8. Views of opposite sides of the specimen, the anterior beak preserved only on the matrix. Fasciolaria Hbrcules Whitf. (p. 202). 9. View of a young specimen preserving the imprint of the beak in the matrix. 10. Another fragment preserving the upper volutions. 11. View of a large cast showing only slight nodes and the base of the beak, and a groove probably formed by the fold of the columella, 350 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PLATE XXVI lU FUSID/E AND FASCIOLARIID/E OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XXVII. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVIL Fasciolaria Hercdlks Whitf. (p. 202). Figs. 1, 2. Views of the opposite sides of a large strongly nodose cast. Am. Mna. Nat. Hist., New York City. Fasciolaria propinqua Whitf. (p. 203). 3. View of a cast preserving nearly the entire form. Collection of the Am. Mna. Nat. Hist , New York City. Fasciolaria Samsoni Whitf. (p. 204), 4. View of a fragment of a small cast, showing the imprint of an oyster. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City. 352 U. S. GEOLOGCAL SURVE MONOGRAPH XVIII PLATE XXVII FASCIOLARIID/E OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XXVIII. MON xvm 23 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVIIL Fasciolaria Samsoni Whitf. (p. 204). Figs. 1, 2. Views of opposite sides of a large cast imperfect at both extremities. The band around the base of the upper volutions probablj' indicates the thickness of the shell at th^ sutures, 354 PLATE XXIX. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIX. Caricella PYRULOiDES Conrad (p. 205). Figs. 1, 2. Two views of specimen of medium size. Collection of Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City. 3, 4. Similar views of another specimen, Fig. 3 showing imprints of the columcllar folds. 5. View of a small cast from the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist, collection, New York City, showing imprints of columellar folds. 6. View of a shell from Claiborne, Alabama, for comparison. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City. Caricella ponderosa Whiif. (p. 206). 7, 8. Lateral view showing columellar folds, and summit view of the specimen described, 356 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PUTE XXIX / W -.., / ^cm.3 1/ /^x d 8 S TURBINtLLID/E OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XXX. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXX. VoLUTA Lelia Whitf. (p. 207). l'''iG8. 1,2. Two views of a very perfect cast, but slightly distorted from compression. 3. The outer volutiou of the same specimen lifted to show imprints of columellar folds. VOLUTA PKRELEVATA Whitf. (p. 208). 4, 5. Two views of a fragment, the latter having the lower part of the last volution removed so as to expose the imprints of columellar folds. Collection Am. Mns. Nat. Hist., New York City. 6. View of another fragment. VOLUTILITHBS CANCELLATOS Whitf. (p. 213). 7-10. Views of four different individuals sliowing the diversity of surface features. Fig. 9 showing columellar folds; this and Fig. 7 are from specimens in Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City. VOLUTILITHBS Sayana Conrad (p. 212). 11-14. Views of four specimens showing diversity of form and surface. Figs. 11, 12 are from the colhiction Am. Mus. Nit. Hist., New York City, the latter showing columellar folds. 15. View of a specimen from Claiborne, Alabama, showing a medium of features. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City. 358 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PLATE XXX VOLUTID/E OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XXXI. EXPLANATION OP 1'LATE XXXJ. VOLUTA PARVULA Whitf. (p. 208). Figs. 1,2. Two views of a very broad specimen. 3. View of a narrower specimen. 4. The outer balf of the last volution removed to show the columellar folds. 5. View of a specimen doubtfully referred to this species, and showing a mammillated apex. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. VOLUTA SCAPHOIDES Whitf. (p. 209), 6-8. Three views of a cast of this species, Fig. 6 having a part removed to show the colu- mellar folds. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist, 360 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PLATE XXXI ' t ,*»«»" r ^^3^ 8 Ms; VOLUTID^ OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XXXII. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXII. VOLUTA Newcombiana Whitf. (p. 211). Figs. 1,2. Two views of a specimen of tbe ordinary form. 3. View of a shorter spired form allowing cavities of the columellar folds. These are from the collectiou Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. VoLUTA Vesta Whitf. (p. 210). 4, 5. Two views of an imperfect cast. 6. Represents the lower part of specimen shown by the faint line on Fig. 4, removed to show the folds on its lower surface. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 362 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIM PLATE XXXII VOLUTID/E OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XXXIII, EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIIL Cancellaria budis Whitf. (p.214). Figs. 1,2. Opposite sides of the cast sUowiag the features described. PLEUROTOMA SURCULTIFORMIS Whitf. (p. 215). 3. View of a specimea of the ordinary form. 4. View of a larger and more robust specimen. SURCULA PEROBESA Whitf. (p. 217). 5,6. Opposite sides of the best specimens observed. Pleurotoma eegularicostata Whitf. (p. 215). 7-3. Views of three casts referred to the species. The last, showing no plicae on the last volu- tion, is from the collection Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New Yorls: City. Pleurotoma (Surcdla) altispira Whitf. (p. 216). 10, 11. Opposite sides of the same cast. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York Citj'. 12. View of a fragment showing the striffi more strongly. 13. View of another specimen doubtfully of this species. SuRCULi'iES ANNOsus Conrad (p. 218). 14. View of the back of the specimen upon which Mr. Conrad founded his species and genus. SURCOLITES CADAVEROSUS Whitf. (p. 219). 15, 16. View of the opposite sides of a characteristic form of this species. SURCULITES CURTUS Whitf. (p. 220). 17, 18. Two views of an imperfect cast. 19. View of the larger whorl of a specimen showing the difference in size of the next one above as compared with that of S. annosa. CYPRyBA 8ABULOVIRIDIS Whitf. (p. 223). 20-22. Three views of the same cast, the latter view showing the aperture and its crenulations. Calyptraphorus vblatus Conrad (p. 222). 23. View of a cast showing the direction and cicatrix of the posterior canal. 24, 25. Two views of another cast showing some of the same features and the vertical folds on the apical volutions. 26,27. Two views of a specimen from Claiborne, Alabama, for comparison. Collection Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City. 364 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PL. XXXIII ^ dP' 16 ■m^ /7 ^f I m 21 ^Z IS J^J>:^X JS CANCELLARIID/E, PLEUROTOMID/E, STROMBID/E, AND CYPR/EID/€ OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XXXiV. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIV. Natica globdlella Whitf. (p. 226). Figs. 1,2. Upper and lower views of a distorted specimen. 3,4. Similar views of another and differently compressed example. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New Yorls City, Ficus PENITXJS Conrad. ? (p. 225). 5. View of the best specimen observed. XeNOPHORA LAPIFERENS Whitf. (p. 227). 6. Upper view of a cast, showing the soars left by the attached stones. 7. Imprint in gutta-percha from a matrix, showing surface strias and adhering stones and remaining scars. 8,9. Lateral and lower view of another cast; this is from the collection Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New Yorli City. SCALAKIA TENUILIRATA Whitf. (p. 229). 10. View of the exterior as obtained by gutta percha from the matrix of a specimen in the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City. 11. Internal cast of the same individual. 12. Enlargement of the surface from tiie body volution. Mesalia ei.ongata Whitf. (p. 230). 13-15. Views of three individuals, Fig. 13 from gutta-percha. CONDS SUBSAURIDENS Conrad (p. 221). 16,17. Views of the opposite sides of the best specimen seen. Cassidaria carinata Lam. ? (p. 224). 18-21. Views of different specimens showing variation of surface. Specimens 19 and 20, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City. 22. Views of a fragment showing extreme variation of surface characters. Possibly a distinct species. Arciiitectonica annosa Conrad (p. 228). 23-27. Views of three separate casts, the smaller one. Figs. 23, 26, 27, showing surface striie, and plications around the edges of the umbilicus. Am. Mus, Nat. Hist., New York City. Fig. 24 is from Mr. Conrad's type. 366 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PL. XXXIV s // 16 h e ^A' .-r-''-'^' 9 f> ^$J ry '^ /3 /6 20 25 CONID/E, CASSIDID/E, DOLIID/E, NATICID/E, ONUSTID/E, SOLARIID/E, SCALARIID/E, AND TURRITELLID/E OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XXXV. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXV. LePTOMARIA ? PEKLATA Cou. (p. 232). Figs. 1,2. Summit and basal views of a small specimen showing the apertural slit along the an.^u latiou. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City. 3,4. Lateral and basal views of Conrad's type specimen. Trematofusus venustus Whitf. (p. 235). 5, 6. Views of two individuals differing in the height of spire and angulation of body volution, 7. View of another specimen as obtained by gutta-percha from the matrix. 368 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PL. XXXV s y: ..4 V:, \, ^ PLEUROTOMARIID/E OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XXXVI. MON XVIII 34 EXPLANATION OP PLATE XXXVL Leptomaria gigantea Whitf. (p. 233). 1,2. Lateral and basal views of the type specimen. Leptomaria pekgranulosa Whitf. (p. 234). 3,4. Vertical and lateral views obtained by gutta-percha in the matrix. 5. Enlargement of the surface of a part of Fig. 3. 6. Basal view of a part of the cast of the same individual. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City. Action pkisca Conrad (p. 237). 7,8. Two views of Conrad's type specimen. Tornatell^a lata Conrad (p. 238). 9, 10. Views of two individual casts of this species. Tornatina Wetherelli Lea (p. 239). II. This is a copy of Mr. Lea's figure cited under the description. 370 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PL. XXXVI PLEUROTOMARIID/E AND TORNATELLlD/E OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XXXVII. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVII. Nautilus Dbkayi Morton (p. 243). Figs. 1. View of a small specimen from Marlboro, New Jersey. 2,3. Later.al and back view of the specimen figured by Dr. Morton. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia. 4. View of another specimen from the Academy's collection. 5, 6. Two views of a specimen loaned by G. F. Kunz, obtained near Hillsboro, New Jersey. 378 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PL. XXXVII NAUTILID/E OF THE LOWER BED QREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XXXVIII. ilXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVIlI. Nautilus Dekayi Morton (p. 243). iTlGS. i. View of the aperture side of the caat fignrefl by Dr. Morton (see PI. xxxvii, Figs. 2 abd 3). "2. View of a small imperfect cast, showing the siphon and the convexity of the septa. Near Marlboro, New Jersey. 3,4. Two views of a small specimen from the Middle Marls at J. S. Cook's pits, near Tinton, New Jersey. This differs slightly in shape and in the distance between the septa and may possibly prove .1 distinct species. Nautilus Bkyani Gabb (p. 244). 5, 6. Lateral view and view of the inside of Mr. Gabb's type, showing the narrow form and flattened sides. From the yellow sands of the Middle Marls at Vincentown, New Jer- sey. 374 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PL. XXXVIII NAUTILID/E OF THE LOWER AND MIDDLE BEDS GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XXXIX. Explanation of plate xxxix. Hercoglossa paucifex Cope (p. 24G). iTlG. 1. Lateral view, natural size, of the only specimeu which I have seen. It is so worn and mutilated that no other view eoiild be given. Middle Marls. 376 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PL. XXXIX NAUTILID/E OF THE MIDDLE BED GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XL EXPLANATION OF PLATE XL. Ammonites (Placentackka.s) placknta, De Kay (p. 255). Fig. 1. Lateral yiew of a large specimen, which shows the septa throughout. Acad, Nat. Sci., Phila. 378 U. S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY S98 y MONOGRAPH XV 1 PL. XL ^«!^nai|UUMU«iikidJR%^.< - t^Tygsa'st^s^ , -^" « < -^d ^^,, ^'^' 1 1 ^ \ ^ .4^ r i , \ ^r-f «? - ■- "-r^ '^^t ^ Vfc-:'^ AMMONITID/E OF THE LOWER BED GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XLI. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLL. Ammonites (Placentaceras) placenta, De Kay (p. 255). Figs. 1. Outline of a septum, natural size, from dear the outer part of the specimen figured on PI. XL, but from the opposite side. 2. View of a small specimen from near Freehold, showing the umbilicus and the lines of nodes at its outer margin. Ammonites dentato-carinatus Eoem. (p. 250). 3,4. Two views of the only fragment of the species known from New Jersey. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. Ammonites complexus Hall & Meek (p. 249). 5,6. Lateral and dorsal views of the only fragment seen from within the State. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 7. Diagram of a septum as far as it can be traced. Ammonites (Sphenodiscus) lenticularis Owen (p. 258). 8. View of a fragment from near the umbilicus, representing parts of several chambers of a rather large specimen. 9. View of another fragment from near the dorsal margin of a large specimen. These two are all I have seen of the species from New Jersey. Ammonites (Placentaceras) tilifbr Morton (p. 257). 10. View of the fragment figured by Dr. Morton in his Synopsis. 11. View of a larger fragment, also from Dr. Morton's collection, showing the dorsal line. 380 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVFV MONOGRAPH XVIII PLATE XLI /^xfi5 S y hi ^1 \' \ %d /27 «C ^- !i AMMONITID/E OF THE LOWER AND MIDDLE BEDS GREE^;SAND MARLS. PLATE XLII. EXPLANATION OP PLATE XLII. Ammonites Vanuxemi Morton (p. 253)^ Figs. 1, 2. Lateral and dorsal views of Dr. Morton's type. 3, 4. Profile and lateral views of a larger specimen from the collection of the Am. Mns. Nat. His lory. 5. An enlarged outline (2x) of a septum from the outer portion of the last specimen. Ammonites Delawakensis Morton (p. 252). 6,7. Lateral and dorsal views of a small specimen, showing the narrow volution in strong contrast with Fig. 4. 8. Lateral view of a larger specimen. Both are from the Acad. Nat. Sciences collection. 9. Diagram, natural size, of the species from the specimen figured on Pl. XLlil, and showing strong contrast with Fig. 5. 382 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PLATE XLII AMMONITID/E OF THE LOWER BED GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XLIII. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLIII. Ammonites Djelawarensis Morton (p. 252). Figs. 1,3. Lateral and profile views of a large specimen from the collection of the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. The diagram of a septum, Fig 9 on PI. XLiii, is from the outer part of this specimen. 384 ^ / PLATE XLiy. MON XVIII 25 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLIV. SCAPHITES SIMILIS Whif. (p. 267). Figs. 1. Lateral view of the specimea described. 2. Diagram of a septum, twice enlarged. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. SCAPHITES KENIFORMIS Morton (p. 264). 3. A reproduction of Dr. Morton's figure, no authentic specimen having been seen. SCAPHITES iius Conrad (p. 265). 4,5. Dorsal and lateral views of one of Mr. Conrad's types. 6. Lateral view of the specimen originally figured by Mr. Conrad. 7. View of an outer chamber, also one of his types. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. SCAPHITES HippocREPis De Kay (p. 261). 8. Lateral view of the specimen originally figured by Dr. Morton. 9-11. Lateral, dorsal, and vertical views of a larger specimen, both being in the Acad. Nat. Sci. collection. 12. Diagram of a septum, twice enlarged, from the last. SCAPHITES NODOSus Owen (p. 261). 13, 14. Lateral and dorsal views of a fragment of an outer chamber referred to this species. Kutgers College. 386 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVPII PLATE XLIV AMMONITID/€ OF THE LOWER BED GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XLV. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLV. TURRILITKS PAUPER Whitf. (p. 268). Figs. 1, 2. Views of the opposite sides of the specimen described. 3,4. Upper and lower views of this same specimen. 5. Diagram of a septum, twice enlarged. This was accidentally shaded below instead of above the line as is done in case of other diagrams. Ptychoceras (Solenoceras) annulifer Morton (p. 273). 6,7,8. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views, twice enlarged, of the specimen used by Dr. Morton in the original description. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. Heterococeras Conradi Morton (p. 269). 9, 10, 11. Profile, upper and lower views of Dr. Morton's type. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 12, 13. Lower andprofilo views of another specimen, being the deflected onter chamber only, the elevated end showing evidences of the last septum. This is from the Atlaniic High- lands of New Jersey, and is from Columbia College collection. 14. A fragment of another outer chamber from the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 388 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVII) PLATE > '^\ '^"^ J2 AMMONITID/E OF THE LOWER BED GREENSAND MARLS. PLATE XLVI. EXPLANATIOlsr OP PLATE XLVI. Baculites compressus (Say) Morton (p. ST"). Pigs. 1. Lateral view of the specimen used and figured by Dr. Morton in liis synopsis. Tlie dia- gram below shows the form of the section. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 2. Diagram of a septum of the above specimen (2 x). Baculites ovatus Hay (p. 275) 3,4. Lateral view of the MuUica Hill specimen in the collection of the Am. Mus. Nat. History, New York, and diagram of the section showing an oval outline. 5,6. Lateral view of a specimen showing an ovate section and diagram of the section. 7. Diagram (2 x) of a septum of the specimen Fig. 0. for oomparisou with Fig. 2. 8,9. View of a small specimen from the Middle Marls, near Tinton Falls, New Jersey, and a diagram of its section. Baculites asper Morton (p. 278). 10. Lateral view of a fragment supposed to belong to this cpecies. 11. View of the upper end of the fragment showing the septum in part. 390 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PLATE XLVI / M Burtini 284 Lamarcki 284 CmuLiA (Oligoptycha) naticoides Gabb 161, 336 ovoidea 162,338 Cirroceras Gonradi 269 CiTHARA CrosswiclienBis Whitf 107, 324 Mullicaensis Wh 106,324 Clavella raphanoides Con 201,350 C-ELATUBA Con 236 CONID^ 221 CoNUS snbsauridens Con 221,366 Cretaceous marls, Gasteropoda from 19 classified list of Gasteropoda from 289, 293 Cephalopoda from 243,294 Cylichna recta Gabb 164,338 CYLICHNIDiB 164 CypRjEA (Abicia) Mortoni Gabb 120,328 aabuloTiridis Wh 223,364 Cype.sid^ 120,223 399 400 INDEX. Page. Delpliinula, lapidosa Mott 152,332 Dentalid/E 166 Dentalium (Falcui.a) falcatum Con 169, 338 hmnatus Forbes 169 hamatus 169 Eipleyanum Gabb 167 subarcuatum Con 166,338 DmBANCHIATA 280 DlPLOCONCHA 169 (Seepula) cretacea '. 170,338 DOLIID^ 121,225 DOLIUM (DoLiOPSis) muldliratum Wh '--■ 121,328 Drepanochilus compressaWh — 117,324 Edkiopthai.ma 153 Endoptygma umbiUcata Tuomey 136,332 Eocene forraa of New Jersey l5no"WU in Alabama and elsewhere 3D, 31 Eocene Marls, Gasteropoda from 190, 295 Epidkomub prsecedens = Triton 58, 308 Eripachy A ? paludinaformis "Wh 77, 304 Euliiiia cretacea 150 EULIMIDjE 150 JHu^pira Halli 130 EUTHRiAfragilis'Wh 78,316 Eutropia punctata 132 Falcula Conrad 168 falcataCon.. 169,338 hamatus 169 Fabciolaria Hercules Wh 202,350,352 propinquaAVh 203,352 SamsoniWh 204,352,364 S!aci-i Gabb 66 Fabciolariid^ 65,202 Ficus octolirata 36 penitus Conrad 225,366 prajcedeus Wh 122,328 Fulgoraria bella 74 Oonradi 71 nasuta 86 FusiD^ 62,194 FueUB angnlaris Wh 194, 346 (Neptunea) Eocenicus Wh 198, 348 hector Wh 199,348 hector var. multilineatus Wh 199, 348 'HolmdelensisWh 62,310 MulUcaensis Gabb 52 (TJROBALPINX) multicostatus Wh 200, 340 paucicostatus Wh 196,350 perobosusWh 196,348 plaricostatus Wh 195,346 raphanoides Con 201 retifera 38 Scarborough 69 trivolvis 172 (Neptusea) staminea Conrad 197,348 Gladius arenarmm 112 pennatus 115 rostratus 119 Globiconcha (Tylostoma) carta Gabb 160,336 Gyrodes Abbotti Gabb 124,328 abyssinus Mort 123 altispira Gabb 128,330 alveatus 127 crenataCon 126,330 infracarinata Gabb 125, 328 obtusivolva Gabb 129,330 Page. Gyrodes petrosa Mort 127,330 Samites annulifer 273 Helcyon tentorium (Mort.)Meek 153,336 Hclicoceras Gonradi 269 Hercoglossa paucifex Cope 246,376 Heteroceras Ciinradi 269,388 Hijipocrenes columbaria Conrad .- 222 Hivponyx borealis Mort 171 Laxispira Gabb 147 lumbrioalis Gabb 148,334 Leiobtraca cretacea Con 160,336 Leptomaria gigantea Wh 233, 370 porgranulosa Wh 234,370 perlata Con , 232, 368 LiROFUBUS nodocarinatus Wh 64, 308 L1TTORINID.1; 152 Littorina punctata 132 Low er Green Marls, Gasteropoda from 19, 33 LuNATiA ? altispira 128 Halli Gabb 130,176,330,340 obtusiBolva Gabb 102, 129 Margarita abyssina Gabb 133, 332 Margaeitella Abbotti Gabb 134,322 Merica aubalata 95 Mebalia elongata Wh 230,366 Middle Marls, Gasteropoda from 173 M1TRID.E 92 Modulus lapidosus Mort 152,332 MoNOCERAs/itsi/ormie 193 pyrnloides 193 vetustaCon. 193 More A cancellaH Con 97 naticella Gabb 97, 322 MuREX (Pleuronotus) lEBvsevaricosus Wh 160, 346 Smithi 191 sp.? 191,346 MURICID.E 83,172,190 Natica abyssina Mort 123,175,328,340 alveata 127 {Gyrodes) crenata 126 globulellaWh 226,366 infracarinata 125 paludinceformis 131 petrosa 127 NATICID.B 123,175,226 NAUTILID.ffi 243 Nautilus anguetatus 287 Bryani 244,374 Burtini 284 Cookana 285,394,396 Dcikayi 243,372,374 Lamarcki .- 284 orliculatue 246,248 Neptune A Eocenicus Wh 198, 348 Hector Wh 199,348 var, multilineatus Wh 199,348 impressa Gahh 171 staminea Conrad 197,348 Neptunella Mnllicaensis Wh 56, 306 Obeliscub concUus Wh 151,336 Odontofubub Wh 65 medians Wb 67,308 rostellaroidcs Wh 68,310 SlackiGabb 66,310 typicus Wh 66,310 OLiGOPiYCHAnaticoidesGabb 161,336 INDEX. 401 Page. Onustus annosue 228 extensiis 227 leprosus ., 135 0NU8TID.E. I-... 135,227 Opalina 137 Opalia annulata 177 ThomasiGabb 137,334 0PI8TH0BKANCHIATA 155,236 Patella tentorum 153 PATELLID^a; 153 PKCTINIBR ANCHIATA 33, 190 Pelagus Vanuzemi 287 Pkrissolax Gabb 46 dubia Gabb 47,304 octolirata 36 red/er Gabb 38 Hichardsoni Tuom - 39 trivolvaGabb 172,340 Phasianella punctata 132 Fhorus leprosiia 135 uinbilicatxis 136 PlESTOOHILUB Meek 69 bella 74,310 Kanei 76,310 mncroData 75,310 SlacU Gahh 66 Placenticeras JeniicitZare 258 placentum 255 tilifer 257 (SPHiENODiscUB) Unticularls 258 Pleurotoma (Surcula) altispira Wh 216, 364 Farmingdalenaia Wh 185, 344 MulUcaenBis 52 regularioostata Wh 215, 364 Burculitiformis Wb 215,364 Pleurotomid^ 105,185,215 Plbuhotomasia Brittoni Wh 188,344 crotaloides (Mort.) Gabb 134 perlata 232 TintODensisWh 178,342 Pleurotomauiid^ 178, 188,232 Pleuuotkema Whitf 179 solariformis Wh 180, 342 PODOPHTHALMA 188,232 Priscoficus Smithi 191,225 Prosobranchiata 33,190 PsEUDOLiVA Tetusta Con 193, 346 Pteronotus tevavaricoans Wh 190, 346 Pttchocerab (Solenoceras) annulifer 273, 388 PUBPURIDJE 193 Purpurea (Morea) naticella 97 Purpuroidea? duhia 47 PTR AMIDKLLID.» 151 Pyriflcus Smithi (Sow.) Meeif 225 PlKiFUSUS Conrad 48 cnnensWh 61,306 erratioas Wh 50,306 Macfarlandi Wh 53,300 Meeki Wh 65,306 MuUicaenaia Gabb 52,306 pyruloides Gabb 53,306 Smithi (Sow.) Meek 225 snbdensatus. Con 48, 50, 306 tnrritusWh 54,308 Ptropsis Conrad 34 Alabamiensie Gshh 82 MON XVIII 26 Page. Ptropsis (Eapa) Corinna Wh 45,304 elevataGabb 35,300 naticoidea Wh 43,302 octolirata Con 36,302 obesaWh 40,304 perlata Con 37,300 perlata 35 retiferGabb 38,302 EeileyiWh 42,302 Eiohardsoni Tnom 39, 300 Rlchardsoni 37 (Eapa) aeptemlirata Gabb 44,304 trochiformia Tuom 41. 300 Pyrula cancellata 225 elegantissima , 225 penitus 225 Eichardsoni 35,37,39 Smithi 191 tricarinata 225 trockiformis : 37,41 EAPACoriona Wh 45,304 elevata 35,37 pyruloides Gabb , 53 aeptemliratua 44, 304 Ehinooantha! Conradi Wh 191,346 EOSTKLLARIA 108 arenarum, Moit 312 compactaWh 108,324 curfca Wh 109,324 fuaiformiaWh 110,324 HebeWh 111,326 Lamarcki 222 nobilia Wh 186,344 pennata 115 rostrata 119 apirata Wh ;... 109,324 velata 222 EosTELLiTES Courad 86 augulatna Wh 85,88,320 bella 74 biconicua Wh 183,344 biplicatus 90 Conradi 71 naautua Gabb 86,320 Texanus Con 86,88 texturatuaWh 88,320 Scala annulata 177 Sillimani 138 Thomasi GaVb 137 SCALAEIA annulata 177 Herculea Wh 140,334 ?pauperata Wh 141,334 Sillimani Mort 138,334 tennilirataWh 229,366 (Opalia) Thomaai Gabb - 137,334 SCALARIID^ 137, 170,229 SCAPHELLA Newcombiana Wh 211, 362 ScAPHiTEs Conradi 265 Cuvieri 262 hippoorepis , 262,386 kippocrepis 262, 264 iria 265,386 nodoans 261,386 reniformis 264,386 aimilia Whitf 267,386 subreniformit 264 402 INDEX. Page SOAPHOPODA 186 Sycotiipus penitus 225 SCUTIBKANCHIATA 153, 188, 232 ?SEltPULA (Diploconcba) cretacoa Con 170,338 Sebrifusub Crosswicltensia Wli 63,308 ( LiROFUSUs) nodocarinatus AVh . 64, 308 SlLiQUARiApauperataWli 149, 334 SOLARIID^ 228 Solariella Abbolti i34 Solariiiiti abysKina •--• 133 elaborata 228 SOLEXOCERAS Conrad 271,273 aun ulifer 273, 388 Solidulaiiplieata 156 buUata 162,163 naticoides 161 Sphexodiscus lenticularie -' 258 Straparollus lapidoms 162 Steombidje 108, 186, 222 SURCULA a'.tispira "Whitf 216,364 perobeaaWh 217,364 strigosa Gabb 106,324 SUECULITES Conrad 217 annosna Con 218,364 cadeveroaua Wh 219, 364 curtnaWb 220,364 Sycotypus penitus - 225 Tables showing genera and species in New Jersey and elsewhere .- 24, 31 Tectibkakchiata 155,236 TETR ABHAXCHIATA 243 Tornatella bullata 162, 163 sp.! 157 TORNATELL^A lata Conrad 238,370 TORNATELLIDJE 155, 236 TOKNATIXA "Wetborelli Lea 239, 370 Teachytriton Atlanticnm Wh 59,308 Holmdelense Wb 60,308 raultivaricosnm Wh 61, 308 Trematofusus Whitf 235 venustuaWh 235,368 Triton Eocense Wh 192, 346 (Epideomus) priBoedena Wh 58, 308 Tritosidea 58,192 TRiTOXiniE obeaaWh 79,316 Trochid^ 133 Trochus extenstis .. .. — 227 leprosiis Mort 135 Tudicla 33 elevata 35 planiniarginata Wh 33,300 perlaia 37 (Pyrida) trochiformxg 37,41 TurbinelliujE 80,182,205 TuRBixELLA parva Gabb 80, 316 pyndoides 205 subconica Gabb 81, 316 verticalis Wh 82,304 TURBixopsis Conrad 98 angulataWb 101,322 carta Wh 102,322 depressjbs Gabb 100 rage. TuEBiNOPSia elevata Wli 102,322 Hilgardi Con 100,322 major Wh 103,323 pUcataWh 104,322 TURRICULA Leda Wh 93,320 EeileyiWh 92,320 scalariformis Wh 95, 320 TURRITILLID^ 142,187,230 TUREITELLA compacta Wh 142, 334 encrinoides Mort 143,334 granulioostata Gabb 144,344 Hardimanensis Gabb ■ 145 LippincoUi Wh 145,334 pamilaGabb 187,344 vertebroides Mort 146, 334 TUERILlTKS pauper Whitf 268,388 TVLOaTOMAcnrta 160,336 Upper maris. Gasteropoda from 183 TTrosalpinx multicostata Wh 200,346 Vasum conoides Wh 83,316 \7'ERMETID^ 149,173 yohVTX De/rancii 212 Delawarensis Gabb 84,318 gracilis 212 Kanei , 76 LeliaWh ., 207,358 niucronata 76 (Soaphella) Newcombiaua Wh 211,363 parva . 212 parvulaWh 208,360 peielevata Wh 208,358 Sayana 212 . soaphoidesWh.... 209,360 (Amoria) vesta Wh 210,362 VOLUTID^ 84,173,183,207 YOLLTODEEMA Gabb 89 AbbottiGabb 173,340 biplicata Gabb 90,318 intermedia Wh 184,344 ovataWh 91,318 VOLUTILITHES 212 Abbotti 173 bella ., 74 bipUeata 90 canoellatus Wh 213,358 Oonradi 69,71 mucronata 75 ■mutata 86,212 nasuta 75,86 Sayana Con 212,368 Texanns (Con.) Gabb 88 VOLUTOMOEPH A Gabb 69, 85, 89 Abbotti G&hb 173 (PiEBTOCHiLUB) bella Gabb 74,310 ConradiGabb 71,310,312 Delawarensis Geibh 84 Gabb. Whitf 73,312,314 (PIESTOCHILUB) Kanoi Gabb 16,310 (PiESTOCHiLUB) mucronata Gabb 75, 310 ponderosa Whitf 72,314,316 Xenophoea lapiferena Whitf 227,366 leproaa Mort 135,332