Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2011 witin funding from LYRASIS members and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/economyinfeeding1919stre Connecticut Agricultural ^"^^ ' Experiment Station NEW HAVEN, CONN. BULLETIN 213 ^ JULY, 1919 ECONOMY IN FEEDING THE FAMILY V Condensed Milk, Malted Milk Milk Powder CONTENTS Condensed Milk 399 Malted Milks 405 Milk Powders 405 Hebe 405 Sugar-free Milks 407 The Bulletins of this Station are mailed free to citizens of Connecti- cut who- apply for them, and to others as far as the editions permit. CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION OFFICERS AND STAFF BOARD OF CONTROL. His Excellency, Marcus H. Holcomb, ex-officio, President. James H. Webb, Vice President Hamden George A. Hopson, Secretary , Wallingford E. H. Jenkins, Director and Treasurer New Haven Joseph W. Alsop Avon Charles R. Treat Orange Elijah Rogers Southington William H. Hall South WilHngton Administration . Chemistry. Analytical Laboratory. Protein Research. Botany. Entomology. Forestry. Plant Breeding. Vegetable Growing. E. H. Jenkins, Ph.D., Director and Treasurer. Miss V. E. Cole, Librarian and Stenographer. Miss L. M. Beautlecht, Bookkeeper and Stenographer. WiiiLiAM Veitch, In charge of Buildings and Grounds. John Phillips Street, M.S., Chemist in charge. E. MoNHOE Bailet, Ph.D., i C. B. MoRisoN, B.S., C. E. Shepard, > Assistant Chemists. M. A. d'Esopo, Ph.B., H. D. Edmond, B.S. ' Frank Sheldon, Laboratory Assistant. V. L. Churchill, Sampling Agent. Miss Alta H. Moss, Stenographer. T. B. Osborne, Ph.D., D.Sc, Chemist in Charge. Miss E. L. Ferry, M.S., Assistant. G. P. Clinton, Sc.D., Botanist. E. M. Stoddard, B.S., Assistant Botanist. Florence A. McCormick, Ph.D., Scientific Assistant. G. E. Graham, Genera? Assistant. W. E. Britton, Ph.D., Entomologist; State Entomologist. B. H. Walden, B.Agr., First Assistant. M. P. Zappe, B.S., I. W. Davis, B.Sc, Assistants. Miss Gladys M. Finlet, Stenographer. Walter O. Filley, Forester, also State Forester and State Forest Fire Warden. A. E. Moss, M.F., Assistant State and Station Forester. Miss E. L. Avery, Stenographer. Donald F, Jones, S.D., Plant Breeder. C. D. Hubbell, Assistant. W. C. Pelton, B.S. Condensed or Evaporated Milks^ Malted Milks and Milk Powders. By John Phillips Street Chemist in Charge of Analytical Laboratory. Condensed Milk. The words "condensed" and "evaporated" as appHed to milk have been rather loosely used in the past. The term "evaporated" has generally been appHed to milk which had been concentrated by evaporation under reduced pressure with more or less heat, but without the addition of any cane sugar. The term "evaporated cream" was always a misnomer, as the product was similar to cream only in consistency. Legal enactments and the practice of the better class of manufacturers have made this term obsolete. "Condensed" milk, on the other hand, is popularly apphed to evaporated milk to which more or less cane sugar has been added to aid in its preservation. Certain brands, however, are found on the market where the original significance of the two terms is entirely lost, and confusion has accordingly resulted. The Federal Committee on Food Definitions and Standards recognizes the terms "condensed" and "evaporated" as appHed to milk as synonymous, and suggests the use of the prefixes "sweetened" or "unsweetened" as the case may be, to prevent misunderstanding. The numerical standards now in force for these products are as follows: Condensed milk contains not less than 25.5 per cent, of total solids and not less than 7.8 per cent, of milk fat. Sweetened condensed milk contains not less than 28.0 per cent, of total milk solids and not less than 8.0 per cent, of milk fat. Condensed skimmed milk contains not less than 20.0 per cent, of milk solids. Sweetened condensed skimmed milk contains not less than 28.0 per cent, of milk solids. It is obvious that the quality of a condensed milk depends upon the quality of the original milk, upon the degree of concen- tration, and upon the skill with which this concentration is ef- 400 CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 213. fected. If skimmed or partially skimmed milk is condensed the product will necessarily be deficient in milk fat; a highly con- centrated milk of course will be richer than one of less concentra- tion made from the same original milk; excessive heat will give the product an unpleasant cooked taste; and poor methods of manufacture will produce granulation, grittiness and other un- desirable features. The quality of the raw material and the skill of the manufacturer therefore greatly influence the quality of the manufactured product. Unsweetened milk is quite apt to spoil after the can has been opened. It should therefore be kept ia a cold place pending use, and the same precautions taken for its preservation as for raw milk. Indeed, it has been suggested that manufacturers should pack such mUk in cans holding only enough for a day's supply. While this would increase the cost, it would offer obvious advantages. The sweetened condensed milks keep much better, but even these should be kept in a cold place after opening. The tables contain our analyses of 43 samples of unsweetened, 84 sweetened and 6 sweetened skimmed condensed milks. These were examined chiefly in 1904, 1906, 1909, 1916, and 1919, the later analyses probably more accurately representing the product as now sold. It will be noted that whUe the sweetened milks on the average contain somewhat more fat than the unsweetened, the large amount of cane sugar added necessitates a considerable dilution before use. The dilution necessary to miaimize this excessive sweetness reduces the proportion of protein and fat far below that found in normal milk. The labels of most brands of condensed milk give directions for its use as a drink, alone or with tea or coffee, as a cooking adjunct, or as a food for infants. In our 1909 inspection attention was called to the ver}^ mis- leading directions for dilution given on many of the labels which, if followed, would yield a very dUute product quite unfit for the purposes indicated. From our tables it is apparent that none of the brands can be diluted with much more than 1.5 parts of water to one of milk and still yield a product equalling standard milk in fat content. In the inspections of 1916 and 1919 a gratifying change for the better was noted on many of the labels. A very common claim then made was as follows: "By adding one part of water to one CONDENSED MiLg. 401 part of the contents of this can a resulting milk product will be obtained which will not be below the legal standard for whole milk." This claim is correct as appKed to all but one of the brands of unsweetened milks Hsted in the table. Such a diluted product will closely resemble market milk in composition. However, the same claim is often made for the sweetened milks, and with these it is less tenable. The average composition of a sweetened milk thus diluted would show 36.83 solids, 20.15 cane sugar, 0.91 ash, 4.19 protein, 7.05 milk sugar and 4.53 per cent, fat, a product very different from normal milk. It is in connection with the directions for infant feeding, how- ever, that the severest criticism must be made as to the manu- facturers' claims. This subject was discussed at length in our Reports for 1909 and 1916, and will not be elaborated here. Suffice it to say that the resultant mixtures made by following the manufacturers' directions do not even approximate the com- position of human milk, the deficiencies in protein and fat being especially striking. In the sweetened milks cane sugar makes up from 30 to 60 per cent, of the solids in the child's diet. The seriousness of the matter lies in the fact that many ignorant mothers, trusting to the manufacturers' directions, offer to their babies diets which by no possibility can maintain them or secure adequate growth. Condensed milks have a distinct use in the home and in the sick room. When properly prepared they are more digestible than fresh cow's milk/ a strong point in their favor. While they cannot be regarded as absolutely sterile, as the heat to which they are subjected is not necessarily high enough to kill all disease germs, they are probably more nearly sterile than most raw milk, and if properly kept after opening are less Hable to spoilage and decomposition. As an exclusive diet for young children they cannot be recommended, because of their deficiency in fat. An unsweetened condensed milk properly diluted with water, and with cream and milk sugar added, would offer a very satisfactory substitute for human milk. The sweetened condensed milks are entirely unsuited for infants' use, no matter how they are manipu- lated. 1 Hutchinson's Food & the Principles of Dietetics, 1906, p. 458. 402 CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 213. Table I — Condensed Milk (Unsweetened). Brand and Manufacturer. u 5i "3 M 1 02 .|2 •2 03 •S olz; j^ ^ _o t. Q* ^ CD < 1 a '5 o. 1916 Armour & Co. Veribest 74.57 1.58 6.38 9.80 7.67 134 1919 « U « ti 74.94 1.58 6.67 8.55 8.26 135 1905 Borden's Cond. Milk Co. Peerless U 11 « 11 ti 70.97 73.68 7.55 7.60 1906 'i!52 '6!95 10.25 137 1909 u ti ti u a 69.21 1.71 8.36 11.45 9.27 163 1916 u u u u u 73.72 1.39 6.64 9.82 8.43 142 1919 Carnation Milk Prod. Co. Car- nation 74.29 74.04 1.34 1.63 6.70 6.83 8.10 9.49 9.57 8.11 145 1916 Delavan Cond. Milk Co. Beauty 138 1909 Federal Packing Co. Hylac. . . . 70.13 1.70 8.17 9.80 10.20 164 1909 Gt. Atl. & Pac. Tea Co. A. & P. 71.54 1.43 7.66 10.80 8.57 151 1916 u u u a 74.07 1.50 6.57 9.85 8.01 138 1906 Helvetia Milk Cond. Co. High- land 69.70 1.85 8.31 11.46 8.68 157 1909 Helvetia Milk Cond. Co. High- land 70.60 73.66 1.60 1.58 7.85 6.86 10.95 10.43 9.00 7.47 156 1906 Helvetia Milk Cond. Co. Our Pet 136 1909 (( tl u u u 71.62 1.63 7.08 10.71 8.96 152 1916 u u u u u 71.82 1.69 7.53 10.63 8.33 148 1916 Highland Milk Cond. Co. Honor 71.29 1.48 7.08- 11.39 8.76 153 1916 (( a u a 71.95 1.53 7.08 10.54 8.90 151 1906 Hires Cond. Milk Co. Gold. . . . 75.19 1.49 7.22 10.49 5.61 121 1916 U U (( u 73.72 1.52 7.27 9.59 7.90 139 1909 Indiana Cond. Milk Co. Wilson's 75 . 27 1.53 6.70 8.75 7.75 132 1916 U tl tl tl 73.45 1.51 7.91 8.55 8.58 143 1909 Libbv, McNeil & Libbv. Libby's 74.08 1.50 7.15 9.39 7.88 137 1916 Mohawk Cond. Milk 'Co. Gold Cross 72.72 73.05 1.75 1.60 7.91 6.51 9.58 10.73 8.04 8.11 142 1916 Morris & Co. Supreme 142 1916 National Cond. Milk Co. Globe 72.60 1.57 7.02 10.84 7.97 143 1916 Pacific Coast Cond. Milk Co. Carnation 73.75 1.49 6.76 9.89 8.11 140 1906 Scranton Cond. Milk Co. Gilt Edge 70.11 1.70 8.60 11.99 7.60 151 1916 Seminole Cond. Milk Co. Belle Brook 72.94 1.62 6.57 10.83 8.04 142 1916 Seminole Cond. Milk Co. Lake View 73.83 70.09 1.60 1.81 6.44 8.31 10.08 11.31 8.05 8.48 139 1906 St. Charles Cond. Co. Silver Cow 155 1909 It it tt tl It 70.86 1.72 8.17 10.63 8.62 153 1906 " « St. Charles 68.93 1.80 8.75 11.86 8.66 160 1909 tl a a tt it 71.58 1.34 7.66 10.55 8.87 153 1905 tt tl tl U tl 71.37 7.10 1906 73.49 "i!53 '7!65 i6!45 7.48 i37 1909 Van Camp's 74.85 1.29 6.89 9.77 7.20 131 1910 (( (( (( It It tl tl It tt tl tt a a It a 8.41 9.35 8.00 1911 71^23 72.90 1916 "i'.6S '6".76 ioles i42 1909 Wayne Co. Cond. Milk Co. Blue Label 70.98 74.48 1.57 1.45 7.53 6.70 10.93 9.38 8.99 7.99 155 1916 Wisconsin Cond. Milk Co. Lion. . 136 1916 « Mohican 73.89 1.37 6.57 10.24 7.93 139 Average 72.78 75.27 68.93 1.57 1.8S 1.29 7.26 8.75 6.38 10.26 11.99 8.10 8.24 10.20 5.61 145 Maximum 164 Minimum 121 CONDENSED MILK. 403 Table II — Condensed Milk (Sweetened.) si Brand and Manufacturer. 2g, 1904 1904 1904 1904 1916 1919 1904 1916 1916 1904 1909 1916 1904 1909 1916 1909 1904 1909 1916 1919 1904 1909 191,6 1916 1919 1904 1916 1904 1909 1916 1909 1.919 1904 1909 1916 1904 1909 1904 1919 1909 1904 1909 1904 1919 1909 1904 AUen-Ditchett Co. The Best Amer. Cond. Milk Co. Anchor " " « Blue Bell C. Andresen & Co. Andresen's Best. . Aylwer Cond. Milk Co. Canada First Aurora Cond. Milk Co. Aurora Bennett, Sloan & Co. Valley Farm. . Berna Milk Co. Swiss Milk Berna. . . Bernese Alps Milk Co. Swiss Milk. . Borden's Cond. Milk Co. Baby Challenge.. Dairy. Daisy. Darling.. . . Defiance.. . Dime. Dirigo. Dixie. . Eagle.. Full Weight Leader .... Magnolia. . O. K. .... Pine Tree. Stag Star Thistle. . . Tip Top. . Winner Bridgeton Cond. Milk Co. Epicure, Champlain Cond. Milk Co. Cham plain , Clark's Summit D. & C. Co. Apple Blossom 03 97 50 69 93 39 86 01 72 00 62 55 84 32 02 22 32 28 08 95 75 13 97 85 21 91 06 99 87 26 ,85 82 17 ,81 66 ,78 .89 .67 72 .16 .67 .08 ,26 .38 .30 .65 38.57 37.88 37.94 41.62 39.62 42.10 42.13 37.52 41.73 39.97 40.61 40.84 43.42 29.22 39.88 43.42 40.47 43.45 41.80 43.43 39.81 40.91 42.22 39.44 37.49 41.22 38.41 42.93 44.03 39.90 41.00 41.35 42.24 42.11 42.16 36.56 32.97 43.70 38.52 41.12 41.76 39.94 42.34 30.14 39.11 32.01 1.90 1.97 1.95 2.10 1.56 1.75 1.91 2.02 1.86 1.72 1.92 1.82 1.88 1.60 1.75 1.50 1.79 1.70 1.93 1.73 2.00 1.77 1.79 1.90 1.81 1.86 1.86 1.70 1.95 1.74 1.78 1.76 1.75 1.89 1.64 1.97 1.66 1.86 2.15 1.88 1.81 1.66 1.71 1. 9.12 9.28 9.50 9.81 7.53 7.85 9.12 8.36 8.17 8.71 7.91 8.17 8.57 8.10 7.98 8.10 7.82 8.17 7.52 7.85 8.99 8.47 7.72 7.77 7.65 9.03 8.04 8.15 8.04 7.59 8.80 7.87 7.95 8.80 7.85 8.72 7. 9.16 8.20 8.10 9.35 8.29 8.87 7.31 7.85 8.46 15 14 14 14 13 12 13 *17 14 14 12 12 13 *20 15 12 12 11 14 10 13 13 15 14 17 13 *16 12 11 15 14 11 12 13 13 *17 *18 12 10 13 15 15 12 *23 12.43 *20.60 9.60 9.40 315 332 333 330 323 341 336 342 346 343 331 327 334 314 341 341 318 334 331 334 331 337 341 326 326 342 334 332 339 333 344 321 326 347 329 338 319 342 312 342 355 340 340 317 324 329 *Results probably too high due to a partial inversion of cane sugar. 404 CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 213. Table II — Condensed Milk (Sweetened) — Continued. Brand and Manufacturer. 03 bO 13 V a J3 O < 2S 1919 1916 1909 1904 1909 1916 1904 1909 1916 1909 1916 1919 1916 1919 1919 1904 1909 1916 1904 1909 1909 1916 1904 1904 1904 1916 1916 1904 1904 1904 1909 1909 1909 1909 1909 1909 1904 1916 Diamond Creamery Co. Honeysuckle Direct Impt. Co. Benefit Emery Food Co. Emery Gt. Atl. & Pac. Tea Co. Grand- mother's A. & P Gt. Atl. & Pac. Tea Co. Grand- mother's A. & P Gt. Atl. & Pac. Tea Co. Grand- mother's A. & P Dr. Hand Cond. Milk Co. Dr. Hand's U U U U U li Holland Food Corp. Milkman M. B. & F. S. Hubbell. Gilead Hudson Cond. Milk Co. Kitten International Milk Prod. Co. Dairy Queen Libby, McNeil & Libby. Libby's. . . Michigan Cond. Milk Co. Peninsular " " " Star. Mohawk Cond. Milk Co. Gold Medal Sweet Clover Henri Nestle. Nestl^'s Scranton Cond. Milk Co. Gilt Edge. . " " " Red Line... Seminole Cond. Milk Co. Butler's. . . " " " Essie U. S. Cond. Milk Co. Empire State.'. Regal Upper Ten.. . . Vermont Cond. Milk Co. Ruby " " Silver Chord " " " Vermont. . Wayne Co. Cond. Milk Co. Pride of Wayne Wisconsin Cond. Milk Co. Arrow. Lion.. Average (84 analyses) Maximum Minimum 52 40.28 1.69 57 40.60 1.65 89 39.23 1.54 2.7 40.09 1.87 84 29.64 1.75 15 43.22 1.64 97 38.63 2.16 75 35.34 1.99 67 39.44 2.08 Zl 36.75 1.62 68 26.99 1.99 32 43.90 1.68 61 43.90 1.79 09 43 . 99 1.81 76 45.21 1.61 38 41.72 1.86 79 42.36 1.78 46 43.30 1.66 07 43.09 1.87 29 42.97 1.79 73 44.05 1.59 52 41.20 1.67 76 38.70 1.90 48 41.13 1.85 45 39.60 1.93 28 43.81 1.76 61 46.02 1.92 09 40.80 1.83 02 40.33 1.85 88 38.47 1.85 58 40.68 1.65 46 42.33 1.91 90 40.97 1.71 41 43.56 1.62 17 40.54 1.70 52 44.83 1.63 83 42.02 1.79 53 39.93 1.70 62 40.34 1.80 72 45.21 2.16 67 26.99 1.50 7. 7.91 8.61 8.88 7.91 7.52 9.36 8.43 8.68 8.10 8.49 7.44 8.36 7.37 7.98 8.60 8.49 6.95 8.71 8.74 8.42 8.42 8.70 8.72 8.98 7.78 7.27 8.14 7.96 8.34 8.23 8.49 8.36 8.23 8.43 8.36 8.49 7.91 8.29 9.81 6.95 12.0 12.01 12.84 13.53 *22.85 12.63 14.07 *16.55 14.98 14.14 *24.68 10.66 13.02 12.40 10.98 13 . 20 12.59 12.22 12.95 12.26 11.82 13.21 15.37 13.86 14.80 12.45 12.95 14.11 13.91 14 . 66 12.82 12.30 13.80 11.57 11.28 12.29 12.87 12.21 14.00 24.68 10.42 9.60 8.26 8.89 8.36 9.01 8.84 8.81 7.94 9.15 9.18 10.17 8.37 8.00 8.72 8.95 10.17 6.90 327 316 323 325 323 333 328 313 335 327 332 329 349 330 333 328 335 326 343 345 342 332 337 336 319 336 339 333 329 325 337 338 336 340 330 337 326 319 332 355 312 *Results probably too high due to a partial inversion of cane sugar. CONDENSED MILK. r 405 Condensed Skimmed Milk (Sweetened). Q Brand and Manufacturer. i a 03 o < 00 05 s fc, 1916 1916 1919 1916 1919 1916 M. Darlington's Sons. Marvel Foster Packing Co. Target Merton Dairy Prod. Co. Value Hires Cond. Milk Co. Square. ..... Northville Milk Cond. Co. Domestic South Holland Milk Corp. Van Troup Average. 28.60 26.32 29.27 28.34 30.16 29.80 28.74 48.22 38.63 30.42 47.45 42.72 37.83 40.88 1.86 1.90 2.33 1.71 2.34 2.19 2.05 8.29 8.74 9.80 8.36 10.05 9.57 9.14 12.36 23.37 27.02 13.28 13.06 20.00 18.18 0.67 1.04 1.16 0.86 1.67 0.61 1.01 282 292 279 284 278 276 ?8'> Malted Milks. Seven samples, representing four brands, have been analyzed. These are mixtures of dried milk and malted cereals. They con- tain practically no unaltered starch and accordingly are of value to persons with impaired digestion. Table III — Malted Milk. Brand and Manufacturer. Pi g* 1915 1908 191i5 1908 1915 1908 1915 A. D. S. . . Borden's. . Horlick's. It Meadow's 5.93 5.42 5.18 3.63 2.03 4.04 3.20 6.75 6.14 7.15 8.36 8.10 4.11 5.20 0.13 0.23 0.05 0.00 0.15 0.26 0.30 3.08 3.17 3.45 3.70 4.00 3.22 3.28 14.06 13.38 15.38 12.94 15.00 13.88 14.50 70.05 71.66 68.79 71.37 70.72416 74.491390 73.62399 397 395 401 412 DRiEr Milks, or Milk Powders. Analyses of seven brands are shown in Table IV. As a rule these represent milks from which more or less of the original fat has been removed. This has been done with no fraudulent intent, but rather because a skimmed milk is more easily dried than a whole milk and the resultant product has superior keeping qualities. 406 CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 213. Table IV — Dried Milk. Brand and Manufacturer. CO "5 < Ah 1 s o a 2.56 8.10 37.07 2.23 .50.04 5.05 8.37 35.41 3.20 47.97 8.39 7.74 32.47 2.60 48.80 5.15 5.50 25.58 10.95 52.82 4.05 5.75 25.78 14.52 49.90 3.37 8.10 34.45 1.46 52.62 2.90 8.30 35.73 1.93 51.14 3.78 6.00 25.65 47.36 37.21 1913 1918 1918 1914 191^ 1916 1916 1909 Klim. Merrell-Soule Co Krystalak. Dry Milk Co Lactora. Dry Milk Co Mammala. Mammala Corp. . . . « « « Randel's Sol. Dry Milk. wVa Randel & Co Skimilkris. Borden's Cond. Milk Go Trumilk. Merrell-Soule Co.. . 369 363 348 412 433 361 365 498 The legal restrictions as to the sale of skimmed milk as such doubtless also contributed to the development of this method of marketing this valuable, and too often neglected, food. Trumilk, essentially a dried whole milk, we believe is no longer on the market. Klim, manufactured by the same firm, Krystalak, Lactora, Randel's Soluble Dry Milk and Skimilkris, are all skimmed milk powders of quite similar composition. Mammala is a dried milk from which about one-half of the milk fat has been removed and a corresponding percentage of milk sugar added. It is offered especially for the feeding of babies, invalids and convalescents. In these days of high prices there is every reason to recommend such foods as these milk powders, especially as their production represents a distinct conservation of our food resources. Too often fat is considered the only valuable constituent of milk, the value of its protein being almost entirely overlooked. At the present time skimmed milk is one of our cheapest sources of protein. Hebe. This is an evaporated skimmed milk to which about 6 per cent, of cocoanut oil has been added. Cocoanut fat is not an adequate substitute for milk fat in a food for children or invahds, and no such claim is made or impKed for this preparation. It should be a satisfactory food for the purposes stated on the label, namely: SUGAR-FREE MILKS. 407 "for coffee and cereals, baking and cooking," Our analysis, made in 1918, follows: Water 74.51 Ash 1.58 Protein (N x 6.38) 6.38 Fat 8.18 Lactose 9.35 Calories per 100 gms 137 Sugar-Free Milks. These preparations have a distinct value in diets where carbo- hydrates are restricted, as in the case of those suffering from diabetes. We have examined two brands, Dr. Bouma's, sold by Gustav Muller & Co., New York, and Whiting's, sold by D. Whiting and Sons, Boston. Our analyses follow: Bouma Whiting. 1913 1913 1919 Water 91.8 86.4 83.3 Ash 0.5 0.7 0.8 Protein (N X 6.38) 2.4 5.7 6.4 Nitrogen-free extract 0.0 Tr. 0.2 Fat 5.3 7.2 9.3 Calories per 100 gms 57 88 110 These products are both true to name and contain mere traces of carbohydrates. The Whiting brand, however, is the more con- centrated of the two, and our analysis of this brand just completed shows considerably more nutriment than was shown by the same brand in 1913. Sc^ 3\ University of Connecticut Libraries 39153029221415