Please handle this volume with care. The University of Connecticut Libraries, Storrs BOOK 917.473.B83H c 1 BRUCE # HUDSON RIVER BY DAYLIGHT 3 T153 00E103E0 9, v> ^l ^ AJTD nOtTTES TO MANCHESTER, VT., •<'^>^ NIAGAI^A FALLS, LAKE GEOI\GE, S/iAROH. 1- hba ET «^^, "iro, G4 THURSTY McQUILL. SPRING^- THE STEAMBOATS LEAVE NEW YORK EVERT MORNTNG, J'^roni Jesfry St, Pier and 23d Sf,^ (north of Erio P.i\sin/> KETfRKING LIIAVE Alhftny, foot of Hamilton St,, ^ ' Making the usual Landings. ri Thursty MoOniirs Guitlc* sold at >'ews Offices, on Cars and StMiuhoafs, i*v\ - §^&- PUBLISUED FOR TUIS U'SE BY Fruiaietor of Ivews Stands ou the Vibbard aud the Dre EAT-EKY ^ETERISrOON. FOU l> P^B^SEllfSIE iJ!'? RONLOUT ^ KINGSTON, LANDING AT COZZEyS, WEST JPOiyT, COmiiALL, yEW HAMBVliGH, ii^ JUL Toy BI^^EAKFAST AND DINNEF^ SEI\VED ON BOAP^D. The Steamboat ■si Wll WILL LEAVE NEW YORK EVERY AFTERNOON, FROM VESTRY STREET, PIER 39, At 8.30 o'clock. Ron do at f Ponghkeepsle, - 3IUfon, New Hainburghf RETURNING, WILL LEAVE G.:u> 7,00 Cormi'ftUf West Pointf Cozzens' Dock, A . iV. 7.30 7.45 8.05 8.10 Arriving in New York at 10. 4B. V* Excursion Tickets, or Tickets by the Package, at Eeduced Rates. COLUMBIAN HOTEL, Saratoga Springs, IST. Y". -* — <•►—»- This hotel Laving been rebuilt since the great fire of 1871, will be opened for the re- ception of guests about the Ist of June. It is situated on Broadway, opposite the Congress Park, AND WITHIN A FEW STEPS OF THE CONGRESS, COLUMBIAN, HATHORN, HAMILTON, CRYSTAL, and WASHINGTON SPRINGS, and within easy walking distance of tbe OTHER PRINCIPAL SPRINGS OF SARATOGA. The new hotel building is of brick, and is much improved in its interior construction. Its Rooms are large and "well ventilated, and HANDSOMELY FURNISHED, AND ITS TABLE IS NOT SURPASSED in the LUXURIES and DELICACIES wliicli Saratoga affords. M^ The prices for Board are as moderate as the liberal accommodations of the House will allow. Your patronage is respectfully solicited, and your comfort and satisfaction assured. D. A. DODGE, Proprietor. Saratoga Springs. Adirondack Company's Hailroad FROM SARATOGA SPRINGS to LiZERXE, HADLEY, THIRM^, ((he station for LAkE CEOR€E and WARREi\SBlKG,) THE C;LE.\, RIVERSIDE and IVORTH CREEK, FORMING THE MOST DIRECT RAILROAD ROUTE TO THE VALLEY OF THE UPPER HUDSON and the Wilderness. Connections are made at Thurnian with a First- Class Stage Line to Lake George. The distance by Stage (9 miles), Through Fare, and Time being the same as by the old route via Glen's Falls. This route affords New and Far More Picturesque and Delightful Scenery Than any other route from Saratoga. At Riverside Station, stages connect, running to SCHKOON LAKE, CHESTER, POTTERSVILLE, and the NORTH WOODS. From North Creek, stages run to the " FOURTEENTH," the most desirable rendezvous and starting point from which to reach RAQUETTE LAKE and the HEART OF THE GREAT FOREST. Express trains leave Saratoga Springs on arrival of Morning and Mid-day trains from the south. C. E. DURKEE, C. H. BALLARD, General Ticket Agent. Superintendent. HOIKTCS CAVE, SCHOHARIE COUNTY, N. Y. Entrance within a few rods of the Station, on the Albany and Susquehanna R. B.., 39 miles from Albany. This is one of the most remarkable curiosities in the United States. For beauty, variety and extent, it is only equaled by the Mammoth Cave of Ken- tucky, with the advantage of being more convenient of access, and without danger. To increase the novelty, means have recently been taken to have it LIGHTED WITH GAS as far as the Lake. Visitors now have tha choice of viewing that portion of the Cavern by Torch Light or by Lanterns. The Only Cave in the World Lighted with Gas, Full description of the prominent points of interest will be found in this Guide, under the Albany and Susquehanna Eailroad Division. For the accommodation of visitors there has recently been erected at th^ mouth of the Cave a first-class hotel, with all the modern improvements, known as the C^'V'E HOUSE. A. M. TAYLOR, Proprietor. (Formerly of Delavan House, Albany, N. T.) "Where every comfort and convenience will be provided to make it pleasant for visitors. Suitable apparel will also be furnished for ladies and gentlemen entering the Cave, although there is less necessity for it now than formerly, as excavations have been made, and are being made, rendering the passage of that portion usually visited easy of access, and extra clothing unnecessary. Experienced Guides will accompany Visitors either by day or ni^ht* CATSKILL LINE STEAMERS, From I*ier 41, FOOT OF CA^sTAL ST, Cozzens, Cold Spring, RhinelDeck, Tivoli, Maiden, Smith's Dock and Germantov/n. Passage, FIFTY CENTS. THE STEAMER 5 CAPTAIN JA3IES STE.O). Will leave Canal St., yiondatjs^ M'cdnesdays and Fridatjs. AT 6 O'CLOCK, F. M. Making the usual landings. THE STEAMER aais CAPTAIN P. H. KXICKERBOCKEE. Will leave Canal St., Tuesdays, TJnirsdai/s and Satnrdays. AT 6 O'CLOCK, F. M. A.rrivinrf at Catshill at H A. JU"., connectivf/ icitJi all lives of Stages. Returninff leave Catshill at G I*, J/., on alternate days. Tbis Line connects Avitli Steamer City of Hudson for Coxsackie, Stuyvesant, New Baltimore an«l lastleton. The only line connecting -u-itli Churcbill's line of Stivgcs for Cairo, Windham, Prattsville, and all other points on the Snsqnehanna and Hunter turnpikes. Hot -Air Furnaces. iiiiiii lllllltHlllllllll III! I , ^<«M^3fflinii'ini"iiiiimiiniiiiiil lis,,, „„„„., — RAm\\m\ Sixih Street, Troy, X. F., And SHAVOR, HENDERSON & Co., 240 Water Street. X. T. JOHN W. CEAMTON, Proprietor. This large and commodious Hotel, is located near the Railway Station and in the business center of the town. It has long enjoyed a reputation as a popular place of resort for travelers, as a first-class house in Vermont. The house has recently been thoroughly renovated, and large and pleasant suites of rooms added ; a large Billiard-Room opened ; and new furniture and carpets introduced. A wing of fifty feet, three stories high, has been added during the last season, to moot the demands of a continual increase in business. The house is under the direction of the popular and experienced manager, Major Salsbury, who has been long known to travelers, and will continue in the future, as in the past, to meet the wants and merit the patronage of the public. A first-class livery stable is attached to the house, where guests can be at all times accommodated at reasonable rates. Persons desiring to visit the remarkable SPRINGS AT M1001ET0WN» OR THE CELEBRATED will find Rutland a favorable point to stop. The Drive to both these places from Rutland is Pleasant and Agreeable. ■2? :e3: es mBJ a 1 T SARATOGA SPRINGS, N, Y., WILLIAM BENNETT, ProprietorSr Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Enlarged, Re-ftiniished, and Thoro2ighly Improved, with 1 5o New Rooms added ifi the Spring <9/* 1873, Is situated on Broadway, in the centre of the Village, and near the celebrated Congress Spring ant) Park. j It is built of brick, and has a frontal of 220 feet on Broadway, and ' a rear extension of 150 feet, just completed, and arranged on modern [ PLANS, with Bath Rooms and Closets attached, and | WILL ACCOMMODATE 400 OUESTS. 1 The newly-built extension contains 150 rooms, arranged for families, with aU the modern conveniences, and commanding pleasant views of trees and shrubbery. The NEW DINING-ROOM IS ouc of the pleasantest in Saratoga, and it is the determination of the proprietors to furnish a table unsurpassed by any hotel of the great watering place. A free Omnibus conveys guests to and from the Depot. House open all tlie year. Utica & Black River Railroad. New and Direct All Rail Route TO THE THK ST. LAWRENCE AND CANADA. The Shortest^ Quickest^ and most ECo7ioniical Route. Four Hours from Utica to Clayton, situated at the head of the Thousand Islands. Passengeks from New York, New England, and all Eastern Points, bj taking this route will reach the Thousand Islands the same day, avoiding a stop over night, and can return in same time. TICKETS May be obtained at all the principal Railroad Ticket Offices in the Country. BE SUEE AND ASK TOR TICKETS VIA THE "Whenever you cannot get through tickets buy to Utica only. The Trains of this Company leave the New York Central Depot on arrival of Central Trains. Baggage checked on the spot. Three Trains per day, MORNING, NOON, AND EVENING, will leave Utica and Clayton, making no delay to travelers. The Coaches on this Bead are New, and the Track in good order, insuring safety and despatch. kf? fe © .-^I^TID HUDSON RIVER RAIL ROAD. Nine Express Trains daily from the Grand Central Depot, Ne^w York, 4th Ave & 42nd St. TWO SPECIAL DI\AWING ROOM TF^AINS FOB. SARATOGA AND LAKE GEORGE, (From New York to Saratoga in less than 6 hours.) Five Through Trains from New York to The best managed Hail Hoad in the country. The most co7nx>lete in all its appointments, Wagner's elegantly furnished Dra-wing Room Cars run on all through trains. Sleeping Cars of the line unsurpassed. The best Route from New York to the West. J. M. TOUCEY, Snpt. C. H. KENDRICK, Genl. Ticket Agt. DRS. STRONG'S REMEDIAL INSTITUTE, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. This institution was established in 1855, for the special treatment of Lung, Female, and various Chronic Diseases, and as a Summer Kesort during the visiting season. The Institute has recently been doubled in size to meet the necessities of its increased patronage. It is now the largest health institution in Saratoga, and is unsurpassed in the variety of its remedial appliances by any in this country. In the elegance and completeness of its appointments it is uneqnaied. The building is heated by steam, so that. in the coldest weather the air of the house is like that of midsummer. The proprietors, Drs. S. S. and S. E. Strong, are graduates of the Medical Department of the New York University, and are largely patronized by the medical profession. Has Turkish, Kussian, Sulphur-Air, Hydropathic, and Electro-Thermal Baths, Equalizer or Vacuum Treatment, Movement Cure, Laryngoscope, In- halation, Oxygen Gas, Faradaic and Galvanic Electricity, Medicines. Health- Lift, Gymnastics, and Mineral Springs, for the treatment of Nervous, Lung, Female, and Chronic diseases. The fact that a disease is long standing, is generally evidence that it should be treated at an institution having special facilities, for if it could be cured in ordinary practice it should not have become chronic. EEFEEENCES: Bishop M. SikpsoN. Prof. Tatlor Lewis, LL.D. Rev. T. L. Cuyler, D.D. Chahncey N. Olds, LL.D. Robert Carter, Esq. For particulare of the Institution send for circulars on Lung, Female, and Chronic Diseases, and on our Appliances. Address, DBS. S. S. & S. E. stko:n"g REMEDIAL INSTITUTE, SARATOGA SPRINGS, X. Y. IMFIHE HEATIITQ EAXTGE c/2 a:) CO GO OS QO 00 as CO QO o to CO illl AT NEW YORK STATE FAIRS, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871 and 1872. Will Heat from one to four upper rooms in the coldest weather. MANUFACTURED BY SWETT, QUIMBY & PERRY, 277 Hi ver Street, Tro y, IT. Y. FOR IS^1L.E BY BURTIS & GRAFS'. No. 206 Water Street, New York. GEORGE L. DENNIS, Poughkeepsie, New York. R. L. ROSSMAN, Hudson, New York. HENRY C. HASKELL, kllmaf li©a mat Kaclla© Wtili 'm AND I' O TJ 3Xr 3D H. -ST, Nos. 4, 6 & 8 Pruyn, and 50, 52, 54 & 56 Liberty Sts. {Office f No. 8 Pruyn Street^ near Steamboat Landing)^ ALBANY,I\I.Y. ^ T» ■ fB "WV S? -=• V ^* -> ^n - IE !,-i^, .^'^- H M '^ r, SiifTS^ *Ti* ^^^ ^^==-^ I- Ii5 ^"-^.^fo^-' jOMa-^s-y^^^-^.^/j^ MANFFACTrRER OF ALL SIZES OP STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS, Bi'idffc and Ttoof Bolts, CEMETERY, AREA, AND STOOP RAILINGS; Bank Counter, Office, and Desk Eailings ; Balconies, Verandas, JFrought-Iron Beams, and Roof Crestings. Iron and Brass Castings of all descriptions. Particular attention given to Repairing all kinds of Machinery and Boilers. Pa.tterns and Models made at short notice. Send for lUustrated Catalogue. &.9 fe ^ V,\SHe^ iCI AND Gentlemen's Haberdashers, 148 ST. JAMES' STREET, M;@iitr©ml ® ADIRONDACKS IN Page. 142 DEX. Routes. Miles via Saratojra or Plattsburgh .- " Huilsou River " Aliianv iiiid Utica from New York. . . 2^0 or 350 113 319 ALBANY 78 ALE\A\DilI\ CAY loi BALLSTON SPA DURLlNGTOlN CATSKILL CLARENDON SPRINGS COOPERSTOWN 116 145 G8 157 91 ' • Troy, and R. & S. R. R " Troy an:l Rutlaud " Hudson River 174 316 1G9 " Rutland or We.st Rutland 205 " Albany and Susquehanna. 232 CORN\S'ALL . . 54 " River 53 5S FISHKILL GARRISON GLENS FALLS . 55 . . . 45 135 " West Point 50 " Troy aMd Fort Edward via Albany 206 34 ISl 114 HAVERSTRAW BAY 40 HOWES CAVE 89 HUDSON .. .. 70 LAKE GEORGE 136 '* Trov. and R. <«^ K TROY ^ UTICA VERGENNES WATKIN'S GLEN WEST POINT WHITEHALL 115 97 160 110 .... 43 139 " River " Albany 148 238 '' Rutland 295 " Geneva " River 360 50 " Troy " Three routes 219 450 or 600 WHITE MOUNTAINS Y'ONKERS 102 29 " River Ifi E:ST>\.I3I^ISJrIIi:i> 1818. SOLE AGENTS FOK THE CELEBEATED ULYSSE NARDIN WATCH. THE FIIliiT PIUZE was awarded the above Watch at the annual compoiition or the Na- tional Observatory in Switzerland, for 1868, 1869, 1871, 1872, 1873 and 1874 ; also Medal, London, 1862, Paris. 1867 ; and Grand Medal of Progress, Alenna, 1873. OVKIi AliL. SWBSS wanufai'ti;ui::rs. ALSO IN STOCK, WATCHES OF NOTED ENGLISH MAKERS. ELEClilO-PLATEB WiiRE. THE LARf.EST AS- SSRTMENT OF FIXE JEWELRY 1^ THE i»onixiox. f] I!! I OPERA AiVD illARlXE GLASSES. LADIES' AiVO GENTS' DRESSING BAGS ^'f&m AND CASES FITTED COMPLETE. im SAVAGE, LYMAN & CO., Nos. 226 and 228 St. James Street WIONTREAL. Fine Cutler u, Mauiel and Traieltuf/ Clocks. All hinds of Jewelry made to order. Chains a speeialty. ALSO, MANUFACTURERS OF SOLID SILVER WARE IN ALL I'J S VARIETIES. CAUTION.— Owing to the voi-y prcat satisfaction given by the manufactures of Ulysse Narthn, nianv Watclies arc imp()rted of the saiuo name, spelt in ditt'ereut ways, and with other Chri.stian names. There is but one irjysso Nardill, of I. ode. and his Watches and Chronometers can only be pnrcliased from tlu,' Sole Agents, SAVAOE, LYMAN & CO., 226 and 22S St. James Street, Sign ot tlie Illnmitiated (Uoi;k. Theo. Lyman, Cn.\s. W. ITaoau. IT. Bikks. IIUDSOX rJVER GUIDE-BOARD F I'vO M NEW YORK TO ALBAI^Y. What a Person wishes to See and Know About the Hudson. A Condensed Sketch of the Prominent Points of Interest, presenting at once an Index to Book, P^ap, and River. As llie boat leaves the pier an extended view is obtained of the upper bay of "New York — miles of shipping; and, in lh(> soutlieru distance, twelve miles of Staten Island. Trliiili/, St. PdiiPs, and St. Jolitis. The tlirec i)ointed church spires, Trinity to the south, and St. John's to the North. Proiiiinent Buildinrjfi. Erpiitable and New York Life Insurance Com- panys, near Trinity spir^', and the New Bennett Building, on Nassau street, corner Fuitcui. ^ , Jersf'i/ Citt/, on the opposite shore, also lined Avith the docks of ocean '^' steamers, onci' known as Pauius Hook. Jloh^ken^ on west side, a short distance above Jersey' City. Castle IIill,i\ I'ocky promontoi'}' above Hoboken, crowned with the mansion of the Stevens famil}'. Eiymin Fieldfi, above; C:istle Hill, sloj)ing to the river. Bergen Heighta rise in the backgroimd, w est of Hoboken. Manhattan Market^ a fine brick building on the New York side, at the intersection of Tenth Avenue and Thirty-Fourth Street. 7 WeeJimcJcen, tlie scene of the duel l)etweeii Hamilton and Burr, on the west Ijank, above the Elysiun Fields. Sixty-Fifth Street, nuirked by a i-ock}' blntf on the New York side. Myster-y. The seven-story Avhite l)uilding on the west, above Wcehawken, is only a lager-beer brewery. Jones Hill, on Kew York side. The long wooden building, near the river, 13 a shooting-gallery. Lunatic Asylum, known as Bloomingdale Hospital, on the New York side, between 115th and 120th streets. Manhattanville, a city suburb in the neighborhood of 132d street. Carmansxille (the home of Audubon, the great ornithologist), a city suburb at 153d street, "\a here you see a red building (sugar refinerj^). Ricer House. Hotel near the river, on the New York side, once called the Clareniont Hotel. Trinity Cemetery, above tlie liotel. New York Institiite for Deaf and Dumb. A large building of 3^ellow Mil- waukee brick, a little above Carmansville. Will accommodate 450 persons. Incorporated 1817. Tillie Teudlem, on west side, opposite Carmansville. Hotel, dock, &c. Fort Lee, about a mile above Tillie Teudlem. The site of the old fort is marked by a white fence on the bluff. Palisades commence at Fort Lee, and extend fifteen miles. A sheer wall of trap-rock, frcmi 250 to 550 feet high, covered with trees tliat seem in tin; distance like a fringe of shrubbery. Washington Heights, on New York side, between 181st and 185tli sticels. Almost opposite. Fort Lee. Fort Wasliington. The site of the old fort was near the residence of the late James Gordon Bennett. The residence will be distinguished among the trees by its gilded dome. Jeffrey s Hook. A point jutting into the river below "Washington Heights. Innwood. A little station on the Hudson River Railroad, above tlie heights. This place was once known as Tubbie Hook. Palisade Mountain House. Large hotel on the Palisades, opposite Inn- wood. Spuyten Duyvel Creek (Harlem River), on the cast, or New York side, meets the Hudson. It reaches, in a southeasterly direction, to the Enst River, \ FORT WISHIIIGTOII FREHCH IKD EKGLISH INSTIIilK, FOR YOUXG GEXTCEME-V, 171st STREET AND KINGSBRIDGE ROAD, ( Former Kesidence of I, P. Martin, Esq.) OX THE HUDSOX. Principal, V. PREVOST, Successors to Lespinassk & Prkvost, and formerly Assistant Principal of tlie Chegaray Institute, in N. y. TTVE:NTY-FinST YEj^H, 187 5 — TG. The Institute is located on the premises formerly occupied by I. P. Martin, Esq., at ITlst Street and Kingsbridge Road. This beantifnl residence, situated on the banks of the Hud-son River, within five n)iniites' walk from tlie depot, combines all the modern improvements of City houses, with the adviiu- tages of one of the finest country seats on the Island. To the main building, an extension of 40x50 feet, two stories high, has been erected, and is devoted to the class, study and play rooms. There are twenty acres attached to the property, affordins ample space for playgrounds. The buildings are heated by five furnaces. The Crotou water is in every room; there are sev ral bath rooms, and all the dormitories are carpeted. The roads and paths beiu^ all graded and macadamized, ensure to the place the perfect salubrity for which it is noted. Visits to the Institution are earnestly solicited. Thirty-two trains dailj' on the Hudson River Railroad, connect Fort "Washington with the :iOth Street depot, and two daily with the 4-2d Street dei)ot. For Circulars and farther information apply to G. Lesi'INASSE, 3 Pine Street, or by mail to the Institute, Station M., X. Y. City. Ibmiini;- tlic island <>t'-Mauli:ittaii, or New York. The i:^]alld is twelve miles long, averHging ;i})out two miles in Avidlli, --wedge-shape, pointing to the Battery. /^pypien Duyvel. A cluster of lionses above the creek. Wedchester IleUjlds rise above the village ofSpn} ten Diiyvel. Eivcrchde Siaiion. First station on '.he Hudson liiver Kailroad above Si)uyten Duyvel. The Convent and A('(idJiaicangunk Mountains, (»n the west side reach away in the distance toward the Catskills. Milton. The ra.^pberiy and strawbeiry town on Mest side above I\[arl- borough. Locust Grove. Large brown hou.si; on east side, Avith square tower, home of the late Prof S. F. 13. iMorse. PuugJikeejisie Cemetery, on cast side ; old Livingston Place directly above on a wooded point; near by a large rolling mill is being built. Pouajtkecpsle, 7-4 miles fnnn New York. Queen City of the Hudson. Situated lor the most part on a plateau about 200 feet above the river. Eivervieio Military Academy. Large brick building on a tine eminence. Buckeye Mower Manufactory, Adriance, Piatt *fc Co., proprietors. Fine l»uildings, near the river 'l)ank. Kaal Bock, near Poughkeepsie landing. Its name signifies liarren Rock. Vassar Brewei'y. Long white buildings above the landing. New Paltz Landing, oppositii Poughkeepsie. The west banks here are also line and picturesque. Poughkeepsie Water Works. On east bank about one mile a1)ove the land- ing. Tlic water is forced from the river to a reservtnr on Academy Hill. Tlie hill is crowned b^^Hon. George Morgan's residence, built after the model of the Parthenon. Mr. Winslo^d's Besidence, on east bank. 15 The Insane Asylum. About two miles jibovc Poiiglikccpsie. Joseplb Boor man, First President of tiic liiulsoii Kiver 11. R., lives about 3 miles north of Insane Asylum, -wliere an iron bridge crosses the track. A pretty stone sunnner house on the point. Hyde Park, on east side, six miles north of Poughkeepsie. Connected with Poughkeepsie by a succession of villas; the linest drive in the country. Placentia, on west side, about one mile above Hyde Park. Once home of James K. Pauldinfr, friend of Washington Irving. Doctor Hussack's Estate, on east side. The liont painted blue and white. Corinthian pillars. JEsopus Island and Meadows, on west side. Staatsburgh, above Ilj'de Pajk on east side. Mr. Pell's gix-at apple orchard almost opposite; stone store-house near tiie rivei'. '^I'he river begins to widen into Rondout Ba}'. mUnecUff, or Phineheck Landing, on the east side. Rondout, or City of Kingston, on west side. A little south of Rondout is Port Ewen, known as the "Deserted Village." Eokehy. Wm. B. Astor's residence, above RhineclitF, with tower and pointed roof. Barrytoion, on cast side. Cruger's Island. 2 miles above Banytown, with an imported ruin from Ital}' on the south end of Island. Tivoli, on east side, 100 miles from New York. Glasgo. A little south of Tivoli, on west side. * Saugerties. A little to the north of Tivoli, on west side, at the mouth of Esopus Creek. Maiden. Above Saugerties, on west side. Dock covered with bhie stone Clermont. Above Tivoli, on east side. The original Livingston manor. West Camp. On west side, above Maiden. Four County Island. Near west bank ; the " meeting point " of Duchess, Columbia, Greene, and Ulster. Germantown. On east side. 105 miles from New York. Man brtJw Mountain. Fiom this point we get a line view of the reclining giant. You can trace it b}' the following outline: — tlie peak to the south is the knee ; the next to the north the breast ; and two or three above this, the chin, the nose, and Wxa forehead. i6 Round Top. Tht highest point of the Catsk ills, 4000 feet high. Catukill Mountain House^ "wiU be seen in a clenr ([\\y like a snow drift, left ou the mountains. Livingston. On e^ist side. A small station on ilie Hudson River Rail Road, about 4 miles above Gcrmantown. Catskill. On %vest side, just above Catskill Creek. Prospect Point Hotel. On a fine eminence to nortli of landing. Church, the Artist, has a new residence on east side on a hill, almost op- posite Catskill. Mount Merino. On east side, al)0Ut two miles up the river. Owned liy Col. O. D. Ashley. Hudson. On east side. Promenade hill just above the landing. Athens. Opposite. Hudson River Dej^ot for freight, large l)uilding near the river. Stockport. On east side, four miles norlh of Hudsposite this light. , Siaats Island. Above Campbell's Island. This was settled by the hstaats fainily belbre the arrival of the Van Rensselaers', and never belonged to the Patroon. The house is about 200 years old; at least a part of it, and mostly built of stone. The Overslaugh reaches from Van Wies' Point; (the first point above Cedar Hill,) about two miles up the river. Albany is now near at hand, and we see to the south the Convent of the Sacred Heart; to the north the Cathedral, the Capitol, the State House, the City Hall, &c. Greenbush opposite. Connected with Albany by fenies and two fine substantial bridges. 2'roy, on cast bank, six miles from Albany. West Troy, opposite. Thus, in brief, we have traced the river, as it were step by step, from New York to the head of tide-water; and we have endeavored to m.ike these pages a practical Guide-Board to the various points of historic and le- gendar}'- interest Avhicii literally fill our river valley. The Hand, whose index finger has thus far pointed north, opens at Albany, and with five fingers points to — 1. Cooperstown, Sharon and Richfield Spiings. 2. Niagara Falls and Watkins Glen. o. Saratoga, Lake George and Plattsburg. 4. Montreal, and the Thousand Islands. 5. The White and Green ]\Iountaius. To each of these summer routes we \vill call joui" attention, at tlie close of the Hudson sketch. And now, as we present our Hudson Handbook for the fifth 3'ear to the traveling public, we wish to express our acknowledgments to the genlle- mauly captains and pilots of the day-boats, for man}'' facts here presented in this analysis,— /*7c/fs which we could not have gathered either from books or libraiies. VVe would also acknowledge the kintBiess of our friend ]\Ir. Benson J. Lossing, and his publishers, IMessrs. Virtue & Yorston, 12 Dey Street, in allowing us a selection of Iheir beautiful cuts,which have made the " Hudson, from the Wilderness to the Sea," a book without a rival, either In England or A merica. w. b. i8 THE HIGHLANDS BY DAYLIGHT. '* As the cradle of steam navigation Avas first rockcl upon the bosom of the Hudson, it is fitting that our river slioul.st headed city in Christendom, are ig-iiorant of the combiued health and pleasure of a three houi's trip to West Point, Cornwall, New- burgh, Poughkeepsie or Kingston. The "Mary Powell, "the most popidar steamboat on the river, leaves Vestry Street Pier everj afternoon at half past three o'clock, and passes through tlie Highlands lietween six and seven, the pleasantest hour to see the fiiest sceneiy of the Hudson. The grand mountains for twenty miles are full of changing light and sluidow. In fact the sun seems for tii(^ time to lore his dignity and stability, To play hide and seek with each mountain peak, ;ind when finally losL to our 'ilght behind the heavy brow of the " Dun- derberglis," and ol 1 '•Storm King," to touch wich gentle ray and loving kindness " Sugar Loai " and " Anthony's Nose." It is certainly safe to f-uy that the Mary Powell is the newest and finest Steamboat on the river, nnd loaves NeAv York at a pleasant hour for the Tourist, the pleasure seeker, or the man of business. Captain Ahde'son has not spared ei her puins or cost to make his Steamboat complete in ev. ry i)articulnr, always having in view the safety and se- curity of his passengers. He has expended seventy-five thousand dollars during the last winter, so that she has literally renewed hci" youth. The Boiler is made of steel capable of lieaiing 10 > pounds ]iressiire, whereas she only requires from 17 to 25 pounds to make her running time, thus using only one fourth of her real strength. 19 HUDSON EIVER STEAMBOATS. The following list embnices the Passage Boatt^ built and running: on tlie Hudson Kiver, between New York, Albany and Troy : since their iirtit introduction by Robert | Fulton, in tlie lull of 1807. AVhen built. Names. Tons. Remarks. ]807. Clermont. Clianged to " North River." 1803. North River 166 Broken up. 180:). Car of Neptune. 295 U (. 1811. Hope. 280 (( C( 1811. Perseverance. 280 a (( ISll. Paraxon. 331 Sunk 1825. 1813. Richmond. 370 Broken np. 1815. Olive IJranch. 295 U 4k 1816. Cliancellor Livingston. 495 «( (( 1823. Janie's Kent. 364 Coal Barge. 1824. Hudson. 170 Bndven up. 18-25. .Sandusky. 289 Tow Boat. 1825. Constitution. 275 Now •' Indiana." 1825. Coiislellatioii. 276 Tow Barge. 1825. Cliief Justice Marshall. 300 Lost in Long Island Sound. 1825. Saratoga. 250 Tow Barge. 1826. Sun. 2S0 Burnt 1831. 1826. New Pliiladelphia. 300 Runs on Delaware River. 1826. Cliampion. 1827. Nimrod. 1827. All)any. 298 Runs to Trov. 1827. Independence. 368 On Phihidelpliia Route. 1827. Nort 1 America. 497 Der^ti-oved bv Ice, 1839. 1827. Victory. 290 Sunk in 181.5. 1828. De Witt Clintxin. 571 Engine in Knickerbocker 1829. Ohio. 412 Tow B:irgc. 1830. Novelty. 477 Broken up. 1832. Cliami)lain. 471 Tow Barge. 1832. Erie. 472 a i» "" 1833. Helen. Desfioyed 1831 1835. Robert L Stevens. 288 Runs to Saugeities. 1835. Westchester. Runs to Albany. 1836. Rocliester. 491 u I. 1836. Emerald. <( (i 1836. Swallow. 426 Destroyed April 7tli, 1815 1837. UTica. 340 Runs to Albany. 1838. Diamond. B:«h)(m. 398 Ijaid up. 1839. 204 Runs to Newark. 1839. Nortli America. 494 Runs to Albany. 1810. Soutli America. 638 U il 1810. Troy. 724 Runs to Tro}'. 1811. Cohnnbia. 391 Runs lo Albany. 1841. Rainbow. 230 On Dehiware River. 1812. Curtis Peck. On .James River, Va. 1813. Empire. 936 Runs to Troy 1813. Knickerbocker. 858 Runs to y\lbany. 20 Whfu built. Names. Tous. Remarks. ]',elle. 430 Kuu.s 10 Albany. Exjtiet-s. 288 a u 1844. Aluhi. il u 1810. 'Shiiiiivii. 730 Ituns to Troy. 18. .J. Kij) A'an Winkle. 510 Runs to Albany. 1 3 !.3. UfudricU Hudson. 1170 .. 18 'd. Nuwloi Kunt- to All)i uy. IS62. Daniel Drew. Ivu 13J8. 11. •niv CI. IV. 18G4. C. N'ibbard 13 ;8. Aniifui I. 1864. St. .Joiin. l.-5.';0. New \\ 'o:id. 1865. Dean IJiclimond. 18.31. K( iiide-t i: 1866. Drew. l3Ci. M iiv r owiU. " lioiui out. Ivuns to Albany. For tir; bii-t lifteen years we only mention the principal Steamboats, as tbey liavc niultiiiiied too rapidly for a general list. It makes one smile to read the newspaper notices of (hose days, and we pivo some of them lor the bcnclit of the traveler. The time was rather long, and the fare rather hi^h — thirty-six hours to Albany, fare seven dollars. Extract from Picturcsqae Tourist, puhliihtd b// J. Dl»tnrnell 1844. ■' Passenjrer IJar^es. In 1826, the steamboat Comnieri-e, Captain Georire E. Seymoui-, f »wert the passeniLfer baru^e Lady Clinton, and the steamboat Swiftsure, Captain Cow- den, towed tlie i)asseni,'er barge Eady Van Kensselaer."' Co^»l of an adccrtinancnl talcn from the Album/ Gazcttt , dated Se/itembcr, 1807. '•The North Kiver Steamboat will leave P.iulii.s Hook Feiry (now Jersey Cilv) on Fritlay the 4th of Siptember at 'J in the morning', and arrive at Albany atl> in ihe afternoon on Saturday. l'rovision.<, good berlh.-<, and accommodalion are [)rovided. The fliarge to each passenger is as follows: To Newburg PoMLchkeepsie. .... Esoims. ... . . Iluiisvin Albany I'or phues apply to Wni. Vamlervoort, No. Creeuwieh street, September 2d, 1807. Extract from the New York Eoenin/j Post, dated October 2d, 1807. iMr. Fulton's new-invented steamboat, which is litti-d up in a neat style for ]>assen- ixr\f, and is intended to run from New York to Albany as a )>a»ket, left here this morning with ninety passengers, against a strong head w ind. Notwithstanding width, It was judged she moved through the waters at the rate of six miles an hour. Extract from the Albany Gazette, dated October IJth, 1807. Friday, October 2d, 1807, the steamboat (Clermont) left New York at ten o'clock a. m:, against a stoimy tide, very rough water, and a violent gale frotn the north. She made a headway beyond the mo^t sanguine expectations, and without being rock»-d by the waves. Arrived at Albany, October 4lh at 10 o'clock p. m., being detained by being oidi.ued to come to anchor, owing to a gale and having one of her paddle wheels lore away by running foul of a sloop. 21 . Dols 3. Time 1 1 hours. l( 4. " J7 " t( 5 n 20 " :'. 51. n 30 " 36 " 3 Courll md street. on the corner of Largest Accident Insurance Co. m THE WOELD. THE TRAVELERS INSURANCE CO. OF HARTFORD, CONN. GRANTS EVERYTHING DESIRABLE IN LIFE OR ACCIDENT INSURANCE. CASH ASSETS $3,500,000. A -CIDENT POLICIES WRITTEN 380,000. LIFE POLICIES WRITTEN 22,000. PAID IN CASH BENEFITS 2,500,000. SURPLUS TO POLICY-HOLDERS 1,000,000. >*• * >■ » General Accident Policies, for the year or month, written bj^ Agents with- out delay. Yearly cost, $5 to $10 per $1,000, for occupations not hazardous. Life or Endowment Insurance of the best forms, the best quality, and on the best terms. Ample security and low premiums. JAS. O. BATTERSON^ President. RODNEY DENNIS, Secretary. JOHN E. MORRIS, Assistant Secretary. 1^^ Apj^dij to any A(/ent, or write tu the Cov'jjany, at Hartford, Conn. New York Office, 207 Broadway ; Boston Office, 221 "Washington St. ; Montreal Office, 199 St. James St. Agents everywhere. THE IIUDSOJSr. The Hudson lias been calle O O E en 00 O > HI CD CD CD CD CO ?^ p-i O o o CD P-« O ^-1 m PI >■ o m CO m 50 TWO GREAT AMEEIOAN BOOKS. THE AMERICAN CYCLOPAEDIA. A comprehensive library in itself; a great national enterprise in which every American may take pride. The new edition of the Cyclopaedia, now in course of publication, is entirelj' re- Avritten, and appears with maps and illustrations. To be completed in sixteen volumes ; ten volumes now ready. Sold only by Subscription. Any subscriber desiring the volumes may have those now ready delivered, and the succeeding volumes forwarded as they appear. Delivered, exi)ressage free, in any part of the United States or Canada. Price, in cloth, $5.00 per volume; sheep, $6.00; half morocco, $7.00; full turkey, $10.00. SiyeciTinen pages sent on application. II. PICTURESQUE AMERICA, A Delineation hy Pen and Pencil of the Land we Live in, with Illustrations on Steel and Wood hy eminent American Artists. EDITED BY WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT. This magnificent production— the greatest work of the kind ever produced in the world— which has been in course of publication in numbers for nearly three years past, is now completed, and is offered to subscribers, bound in two large and splendid volumes. Price, in half morocco, $38.00; in full morocco, $40.00. "The American Cyclopaedia" and "Picturesque America" are entitled to be considered the greatest monuments of American art and literary achievement the country has produced. • D. APPLETON & CO., Publishers, 949 & 591 BROADWAY, New York. — ■ THE SARATOGA GEYSER, or SPOUTING SPRING. The Proprietors of the Geyser Spni Physicians, Drujjgisls, and otliers to ti made by Prolessor C. F. Chaudler, Ph a few weeks after its discover}-: g would respectfully call the attention of le following analysis of the Geyser Water, D., of Columbia College School of Mines, Chloride of Sodium 5G2.0S0 erains. Chloride of PotMssiiini 24.G3-t " Bromide of Sodium . 2 '^12 " Iodide of Sodium 0.248 '• FUioride of Calcium trace Bie irbouate of* Lithia 7.004 " Bicarbonate^ of Soda 71.2:52 " Bicarbonate of Magnesia 149 34:'. " Bicarbonate of Lime 170.:^92 " Bioar onato ol' Stroutia . *. 0.425 '• Bicarbonate ot B:irvta 2.014 " Bicarbonate of Iron 0.970 " Sulphate of Potnssa trace Phosphate of Soda trace Biborate of Soda trace Alumina trace Silica . . . . 0.G5 " Or^^anic matter trace Total solid content'? 991. 54G Carbonic Acid Gas in 1 U. S. Gal. Deusitv 4r.4.082 1.011 Temperature 40 Fall. The water never varies in flavor, nor are its properties subjected to change by seasons of the year. As a medicinal a^'-ency, its etiects are marvelous. Testi- monials from ah quarters are received, bearing witness to its wonderful cures of diseases. shipment to any part of the globe. also soki in metallic lined barrels, upon special application. GEYSER SPRING, Saratoga Sp^nngSf 3'. I. HARPER'S PERIODICALS. HAEPER^SJ^AGAZINE. The character which the Magazine possesses for variety, enter- prise, artistic wealth, and literary culture that has kept pace with, if it has not led the times, should cause its conductors to regard it with justifiable complacency. The Magazine has done good and not evil all the days of its life. — Brooklyn Eagle. * HARPER^S_WEEKLT. The Weekly is the ablest and most powerful illustrated period- ical published in this country. Its editorials are scholarly and convincing, and carry much weight. Its illustrations of current events are full and fresh, and are prepared by our best designers. — Lo Ilia ville Co urier- Journal. HARPER^ BAZAR. The Bazar is edited with a contribution of tact and talent that we seldom find in any journal, and the journal itself is the organ of the great world of fashion.— i?o.s^ori traveler. T:Eii:ivrsz HARPERS MAGAZINE, HARPER'S WEEKLY, and HARPER'S BAZAR, ^"or one year, $4.00 each, postage free. The three for one year, $10.00 ; any two for $7.00, postage free. 36 Franklin Square, IVew York. Ckoton Eivek meets the Hudson about one mile above Sing-Sing, and it is a singular fact that the pitcher and ice-cool&r of New York, or, in other words, Croton Dam and Kockland Lake, should be directly opposite. About thirty years ago, the Croton first made its appearance in New York, brought in by an aqueduct of solid masonry. The old Indian name of the Croton was Kitch-a-wonck. The Dam is an inter- esting place to visit, and we understand that city milkmen, when jour- neying up the river, never pass the point without reverently lifting their hats. We would modestly suggest a yearly picnic to this dam, LAKE MAHOPAC, ONE OP THE FOUNTAINS OF THE CKOTON. where these modern Hildebrauds could worship their '* Undines," and compute the value of 500,000,000 gallons at " ten cents a quart, "—a nice little running account, large enough per annum to build the State caj)ital or the East Eiver bridge. Lake Mahopac is one of the finest fountains of the Croton, and the finest lake near the metropolis. It can be reached very easily by the Harlem Eailroad from New York. The old Indian name was Ma-cook- pake, signifying a large inland lake. The same derivation, we imagine, is also seen in Copake Lake, Columbia County. The view here given 39 shows the island where the last meeting of the southern tribes of the Hudson was held. The lake is one thousand feet above tide-water — a magnificent sheet of water, with emerald islands; and it is pleasant to know that the bright waters of Mahopac and the clear fountains of Putnam County are carried to New York, even as the poetic waters of Loch Katrine supply the commercial city of Glasgow. Lake Mahopac has fine hotels, and is a pleasant place of summer resort. Teller's Point was called by the Indians, Senasqua; and tradition says that the ancient warriors still haunt the surrounding glens and woods, and the sachems of Teller's Point are household words in the neighborhood. It is also said that there was once a great Indian battle here, and perhaps the ghosts of the old warriors are attracted by the Underbill Grapery and the 10,000 gallons of wine bottled every year. Haversteaw Bay. — Passing Teller's Point we come into Haverstraw Bay. This expanse of water was called by the Indians, Kumachenack. The village is on the west side. Three miles above Haverstraw, also on the west side, we pass Stony Point, where, at two o'clock one morning, Wayne — ^better known as " Mad Anthony " — sent the brief despatch to Washington: *' Dear General — The American flag waves here. " Passing Verplank's Point, just opposite Stony Point, and we see Peekskill, forty-three miles from New York, on the east bank, where Nathan Palmer, the spy, was hung; and another brief message sent by Putnam, to the effect, "Nathan Palmer was taken as a spy, tried as a spy, and will be hanged as a spy. — P. S. He is JiangecV In 1797 Peekskill was the headquarters of old Israel Putnam. This was the birthplace of Paulding, one of Andre's captors, and he died here in 1818. There is a monument to his memory about two miles north of the village. It is said that the stream and town took their names from a worthy Dutch skipper, Jans Peek, who imagined he bad found the head waters of the Hudson, and run aground, on the east side, in the stream which now bears his name. It was called by the Indians the unpoetic name Sackboes. Near Peekskill is the old Van Cortlandt house, the residence of Washington for a short time during the Revo- lution. East of the village is the farm and summer home of the gTeat pulpit-orator of our country — Henry Ward Beecher. 40 Peekskill, N. Y., Military Academy. A fully organized tirst-class School, oftering TJiorough Instruction, Strict I>iscipline, and a well -arranged Course of Stu€ly, Boys prepared for "West Point, for College or for Business. Physical Education. not neglected. A line mmm d FuIIj Equipped MILITAfiy DEPARTMENT witli ARTILLERY, Etc, A commodious Building, spacious Rooms, large (six acres) "vvell shaded Grounds, good Library, Maps and Apparatus. Six resident Teachers; tifty boarding Pupils. §400 and $450 pays for Board and Tuition, including Modern Languages, Drawing, and the use of Text Books. Send for Circular. Col. CKAS. J, WRIGHT, A. M. } ROBERT DONALD, A. IVi. s rriucipals. Oldest Esta^blished FnrnitnrG House. WM. H. LEE ESTABLISHED 1826, AT LOWEST PEIOES. Parlor, Library, Dining and Chamber EUENITURE E and BEDDING. Mirrors, Lambrequins, Curtains, Window Shades, Cornices, Brackets, and Hall Stands. RUSTIC AND COTTAGE SUITS, Old Point Comfort and Puritan E,ocking- Chairs, CAMP, FOLDING AND STEAMER CHAIRS, Pure Hair Mattresses and Spring Beds, AT STT Canal Street,, ]Sast of SroadT7?ray,, JLnd 1S9 F-alton St., ITear Cb."arcb., NEW YORK THE HIGHLANDS — SUBLI]\nTY. "And ever- wakeful Echo here dotli dwell, The nymph of sportive mockery, that still Hides behind every rock, in every dell. And softly glides unseen fi-om hill to hill." Tumiug Kidd's Point, or Caldwell's Landing, almost at right angles, the steamer enters the Highlands. Near the Point will be seen some upiight planks, or caissons, near the water's edge. They mark the spot where Captain Kidd's ship was supposed to have been scuttled. As the famous captain's histoiy seems to be quite intimately associated with the Hudson, we will give in brief The Stoky of Captain Kidd. — His name was William, and lie was born about the middle of the seventeenth centui-y; and it is thought, near Greenock, in Scotland: resided at one time in New York, near the corner of William and Cedar Streets, and was there married. In April, 1696, Kidd sailed from England in command of the *' Adventure Galley," with fall armament and eighty men. He captui'ed a French ship, and, on arrival at New York, jmt up articles for volunteers: remained in New York three or four months, increasing his crew to one hundred and fifty-five men, and sailed thence to Mad eras, thence to Bonavista and St. Jago, to Madagascar, then to Caiicut, then to Madagascar again, then sailed and took the *'Quedah Merchant." Kidd kejDt forty shares of the spoils, and divided the rest with his crew. He then burned the ''Adventure Galley," went on board the "Qnedah Merchant," and sailed for the West Indies. Here he left the "Mer- chant," with part of the crew, under one Bolton, as commander. Then manned a sloop, and taking part of his spoils, went to Boston via Long Island Sound, and is said to have set goods on shore at different places. In the mean time, in August, 1698, the East India Company informed the Lords Justices that Kidd had committed several acts of piracy, par- ticularly in seizing a IVIoor's ship called the " Quedah Merchant." When Kidd landed at Boston he was therefore ari'ested by the Enrl of Bellamont, and sent to England for trial, 1699, where he was found guilty and executed. Now it is supposed that the crew of the " Qiiedah 41 Merchant," wliicli Kidd left at Hispaniola, started with their ship for the Hudson, as the crew was mostly gathered from the Highlands and above It is said that they passed New York in the night, and started with their ship for the manor of Livingston; but encountering a gale in the Highlands, and thinking they were pursued, run her near the shore, now known as Kidd's Point, and here scuttled her, and the crew fled to the woods Avith such treasure as they could carry. Whether this circumstance was true or not, it was at least a current story in the neighborhood, and an enterprising individual, about forty years ago, caused an old cannon to be discovered in the river, and perpetrated the first " Cardiff Giant Hoax. " A New York Stock Company was organized to prosecute the work. It was said that the ship could be seen in clear days, with her masts still standing, many fathoms below the surface. One thing is certain — the Com23any didn't see it or the treasurer either, in whose hands were deposited about $30,000. The Dundeebekg rises directly above this point — the Olympus of Dutch Mythologj\ It was the dread of the early navigators, and sailors had to drop the peaks of their mainsails in salute to the goblin who inhabited it, and presided over those little imps in sugar-loaf hats and short doublets, who were frequently seen tumbling head over heels in the rack and mist. No wonder that the old burghers of New York never thought of making their week's voyage to Albany without arranging their wills; and it created as much commotion in New Amsterdam as a Stanley expedition in search of Livingstone. Verdrietege Hook, the Dunderberg, and the Overslaugh were names of terror to even the bravest skipper. Anthony's Nose. — The high peak on the east bank, just above the "Nameless Highland," is Anthony's Nose, which, in our Guide-Book j)ublished in 1869, we considered the prominent feature of the Hudson. It is about 1500 ieet high, and has two or three christenings. One says it was named after St. Anthony the Great — the first institutor of mo- nastic life, born A.D. 251, at Coma, in Heraclea, a town in Upper Egj'pt. Irving's humorous account is, however, quite as probable, to wit: that it was derived from the nose of Anthony Van Corlear, the il- lustrious trumpeter of Peter Stuyvesant. "Now thus it happened that 42 bright and early in the morning the good Anthony, having washed his bui'ly "vdsage, vras leaning over the quarter-railing of the galley, contem- plating it in the glassy waves below. Just at this moment the illustrious sun, breaking in all his splendor from behind a high blufif of the High- lands, did dart one of his most potent beams full upon the refulgent nose of the sounder of brass, the reflection of which shot straightway down hissing hot into the water, and killed a mighty sturgeon that was sporting beside the vessel. "When this astonishing miracle was made known to the Governor, and he tasted of the unknown fish, he marveled exceedingly; and, as a monument thereof, he gave the name of An- thony's Nose to a stout promontory' in the neighborhood, and it has continued to be called Anthony's Nose ever since." This mountain was called by the Indians Kittatenny, a Delaware term signifying "endless hills." Opposite Anthony's Nose is the beautiful island of lona; and we ob- tain a fine view of old Sugar-Loaf to the north. We are now in the midst of historic country, and the various points are literally crowded together: Beverley Dock, Beverley Ho'ise, Fort Putnam, North and South Redoubt Mountains, Kosciusko's Garden, and Fort Constitution, Both sides of the river are full of interebt, and we -u-ill refer to each separately. As the steamer is now nearing the west shore, we will speak first of West Point. — The large building on the rock is Cozzens' Hotel, and the landing near is known as Cozzens' Dock. Buttermilk Falls, a little south of the lauding, was known among the Indians as the Prince's Falls, owned by a prince of the hill country. The ri\'ulet soutli of these falls was called by the Indians the Ossinapink, or the stream from the solid rocks; and the stream below Anthony's Nose, on the east side, the Brocken Kill, a Dutch word from water broken into waterfalls. The next landing is about one mile above Cozzens', and is the proper West Point Landing. Washington first suggested this place as the most eligible situation for a mihtary academy. It went into 023eration about 1812, and the land was ceded to the General Government of the United States in the year 1826. The Academy Buildings and Parade Ground are on a fine 43 l^lateau about two liundred feet above the river. The parade-ground seems ahnost as level as a floor; and, as the buildings are at a little dis- tance from the river, they are only partially seen. The first building on the right hand to one ascending from the landing is the riding-school used in winter. To the rear of this the public stables, accommodating one hundred and fifty horses. Then, as you ascend, the pathway brings you to a new fireproof building for offices, a beautiful feature. To the right hand of this building is the library, with a dome. The next build- ing is the chapel; and next to the chapel is the old riding-hall, now used for recitation-rooms, gymnasiums, gallery of paintings, and mu- seums. On the same street are located the cadet bai'racks; and to the north, the officers' quarters. Prominent in this vicinity is the fine monument to General Sedgwick. Starting again at the old riding-hall, and going south, we come to the cadet hall and the cadet hospital; and still further south, another section of officers' quarters. Near the flag- staff will be found a fine collection of old cannon, old chains, old shell, and the famous '* swamp angel " gun, taken from the rebels. Fort Knox was just above the landing. Near the river bank can also be seen Dade's Monument, Kosciusko's Garden, and Kosciusko's Monument. Old Fort Clinton was located on the plain, near the monument; and far above, like a sentinel left at his post. Fort Putnam looks down uj^on the changes of a hundred years. But of all places around West Point, Kosciusko's Garden seems the finest and most suggestive, connected as it is with a hero not only of his own country, but a man ready to battle for free institutions, taking up the sublime words of the old Roman orator, " Where Liberty is, tliere i^ my country." A beautiful spring is near the Garden, and the indenture of a cannon-ball is still pointed out in the rocks, which must have disturbed the patriot's meditations. West Point during the Eevolution w^as the Gibraltar of the Hudson; and the saddest lesson of those stern old days is connected with its history. Benedict Arnold was in command of this important point, and the story of his treachery is familiar to every schoolboy. It will be re- membered that Arnold met Andre at the house of Joshua Hett Smith, at a place now known as Treason Hill, near the village of Haverstraw. Major Andre was sent as the representative of the British commander, 44 Sir Henry Clinton. Andre, with the papers and j^laus of Arnold se- creted in his hoots, passes down the Tarrjtown road, and was arrested, as we said in our article on Tarrytown, and the paj^ers discovered. With this preface, our history will carry us across the river to Gabrison, on the east side. Arnold returned from Haverstraw t j the Beverley House, where he was then Hving. This house is situated about one mile south of the Garrison Depot, near the magnificent grounds and residence of the Hon. Hamilton Fish. Colonel Jamieson sent a letter to Arnold informing him of the facts, and this letter Arnold received on the morning of the 24:th of September. Alexander Hamilton and General Lafayette were at breakfast with him. He read its contents and excused himself from the table, kissed his wife good-bye, told her he was a ruined man and a traitor, kissed his little boy in the cradle, fled to Beverley Dock, and ordered his men to pull off and go down tlie river. The "Vulture," English man-of-war, was near Teller's Point, and received a traitor, whose liWug treason had to be atoned by the blood of Andre, the noble and pure-hearted officer. It is said that Arnold lived long enough to be hissed in the House of Commonr>, as he once took his seat in the gallery, and he died friendless, and, in fact, despised. It is also said that one day when Talleyrand arrived in Havre on foot from Paris, in the darkest hour of the French Bevolution, pur- sued by the bloodhounds of the reign of terror, he was about to secure a passage to the United States, and asked the landlord of the hotel, " So there are Americans staying at your house ? I am going across the water, and would like a letter to a person of influence in the Ncav "World." "There is a' gentleman ui^-stairs from Britain or America," was the response. He pointed the way, and Talleyrand ascended the stairs. In a dimly lighted room sat the man of whom the great minister of France was to ask a favor. He advanced, and j^oured forth in elegant French and broken English, "lam a wanderer, and an exile. lam forced to fly to the New World without a friend or home. You are an American. Give me, then, I beseech you, a letter of yoiu's, so that I may be able to earn my bread." The strange gentleman rose. With a look that Talleyrand never forgot, he retreated toward the door of the next chamber. He sj^oke as he retreated, and his voice was full of 45 suffexing: *' I am the only man of tlie New "World who can raise his hand to God and say, *! have not a friend, not one, in America! ' " "Who are you? " he cried. "Your name? " "' My name is Benedict Arnold. " "Would that oiu' modem traitors had the some %"altui'e at their vitals as in the early days of the Eepublic, vv'hen treason was made odious with- out the 3 id of jDohticians. If West Point and its fortifications had jDassed at that time into the hands of the enemy, it would be difficult to say what disaster might have befallen our arms; but, thi-oagh all those dark days, when the THE HIGELA>-D HOUSE, GABEISON, N. T. G. F. &: W. D. Gaeeisok, Proprietors and owners. Also Managers of the Grand Union, near Grand Central DeiDOt, New York. American army literally tracked their way with blood through the snows of seven winters, it seemed as if the matter was entirely in the hands of Divine Providence; and that the words of Patrick Henry were every day verified: "There is a just God, who jDresides over nations." As we have before stated, the station Garrison, on the Hudson Eiver Kaihoad, is directly opj)osite West Point, and about half a ruile from the depot is the Highland House, standing on a magnificent plateau. 46 TTe call attention to the fact that this is not the Highland House near Cozzen's, neither is it the little house at the ferry crossing, as unplea- sant mistakes have sometimes been made, but '' The Highland House," about four hundred feet above the river, appropriately named, lying in the very centre of the Highlands. Its proprietors are descendants of the family who lived here in the time of the Revolution, from whom the ferry and landing took their name. The house has been recently enlarged to almost double its former capacity. Its location is certainly INDIAN FAUiS, JTEIAE HIGHIi.OfD HOUSE, GABEISOX, X. Y. one of the finest along the river. The i^lateau is inclosed by the Xortli Eedoubt and South Redoubt Mountains, reaching from Sugar-Loaf and Anthony's Nose on the south, to Breakneck on the north. "Wander where you will, the surrounding mountains abound with wild and picturesque glens. Poet, artist, novelist, and historian. aU who find books in running brooks, continually add their testimony to the accumulating evidence. In brief, all who wish to spend a summer 47 pleasantly and profitably will find the "Highland House" — a cut of which is here given — one of the fijiest family hotels on the Hudson River. Its location is picturesque and healthy, on higher ground than "West Point, and commanding a full view. The scenery and drives of the Highlands are very fine. About a mile and a half to the north, in a picturesque glen, are In- dian Falls, well known to artists, and by them made familiar to those who never had the opportunity of visiting one of the prettiest little points of scenery on the Hudson. It is impossible to condense their beauty into a single sketch, but we pr3senL the above cut as an index- hand pointing the tourist to the real beauty of which any representation would be only a shadow. "With a book of poems in hand, or a walking romance on one's arm, we imagine a summer's day woulei glide by, *'as golden hours on angel wings.'' The Glen Falls are only half a mile distant; and, added to this blended history and beauty, all over this eastern bank there are local legends — unclaimed children of history — waiting for their relationship to be acknowledged. Surely there is no place where the history of our coimtry can be studied with greater interest than among these wild fastnesses, where Freedom found protection. Constitution Point. — A short distance above West Point Landing the steamer turns a right angle. On the east bank, almost oj^posite, known as Constitution Island, Hves Miss Susan "Warner, author of *'Qaeechy" and "The Wide, Wide World," of which latter work 40,000 copies were sold in the United States. On this point, or island, ruins of the old fort are still seen. It was once called Martalaer's Rock Island. Cold Speing. — A little to the north, also on east bank, is the village of Cold Spring, which received its name very naturally from the fact that there was a cold spring in the vicinity. A short distance north of the village we see "Dndebclitf, the home of the poet Morris, now owned by his son. It lies, in fact, under the cliff and shadow of Motmt Taums, and has a 43 t; ■r. <■"-, r--> *^~~ •,. „_ Oil o >^ u o o PI— s r^ o O u >^ "^ CA! > <^ ,-— o . T '' C^ *-^ U f~i k p o "^ o ;=; --r j:: -^ = fi^ -^ brj > o ^ -^ ^ l-H -§ li 13 K -^ o rt C •*3 c •X' fine outlook upon the river and surrounding mountains. Standing on the piazza, we see directly in front of us Old Cro' Nest; and it was on this piazza that the poet wrote " Where Hudson's wave o'er silvery sands Winds through the hills afar, Old Cro' JS'est like a vioaarch stands, Crowned with a single star."' OLD CRO NFST, (From Lossing's "Hudson, from the Wilderness to the Sea.'') It is said that Mrs. Morris was the original of that beautiful character painted by Washington Irving, in his charming essay, "The "Wife." Old Ceo' Nest is the first mountain above West Point, and 1418 feet high. Its name was given from a circular hike on the summit, suggest- ing by its form and solitary location a nest among the mountains, and 40 this fancy soon gave a name to the entire mountain. This mountain is also intimately associated with poetry, as the scene of Bodman Drake's ' 'Culprit Fay":— " 'Tis the middle wtitcli of a summer night, The earth is dark, but the heavens are bright, The moon looks down on Old Cro' Nest — She melloAA's the sliade on his shaggy breast, And seems his huge grey form to throw In a silver cone on the wave below." Stoem King, to the north of Cro' Nest, is the highest peak of the Highlands, being 1800 feet above tide water. Its first name was Klinkersberg, afterward called Butter Hill, and christened by WiUis Storm King. This mountain forms the northern portal of the High- lands, on the west side. Breakneck is opposite, on the east side, where St. Anthony's Eace was blasted away. In this mountain solitude there was a shade of reason in giving that solemn countenance of stone the name of St. Anthony, as a good representation of monastic life; and, by a quiet sarcasm, the full-length nose below was probably thus sug- gested. The Highlands now trend off to the northeast, and we see the New Beacon, or Grand Sachem Mountain, 1685 feet high, and about half a mile to the north, the Old Beacon, 1471 feet in height. These moun- tains were, used for signal stations during the Ke volution. They were called by the Indians the Matteawan, and the whole range of Highlands were sometimes referred to as the Wequehachke, or the Hill Country. It was also believed by the Indians that, in ancient days, "before the Hudson poured its waters from the lakes, the Highlands formed one vast prison, within whose rocky bosom the omnipotent Manito confined the rebellious spirits who repined at his control. Here, bound in adamantine chains, or jammed in rifted pines, or crushed by ponderous rocks, they groaned for many an age. At length the conquering Hudson, in its career toward the ocean, burst open their prison-house, rolling its tide triumphantly through the stupendous ruins." An idea quite in accordance with modern science. 50 There is no better place along our river to muse over its early his- tory than at the base of " Storm King," in the beautiful bay of New- burgh. Last summer a friend who has true devotion for the Hudson, penned for us the following lines, full of real beauty and poetry. A SOLILOQUY ON THE HUDSON. Br I. L. w. Wrltte)ifor " The Hudson River hy DaylighC Ijike one who near eome ancient ruin stands And peoples it with forms that long ago Wrote on the page of History their mark, Bv daring deed or some outrageous act, So I, in silent thought, have traced the pnst, Whiltj idhng in some nook in Newburgh's Kay. — And, as they dreamed their dreams, I, too, dreamed mine Of thee, ray lovely, geutle, rippling stream. Now stay thy passage in the widening bay. And rest awhile, as common mortals do, To think <>"er all the weary way thoust come — From wilderness so wild, and Northern woods, Or Adirondack's rocky, towering hills. Pray tell me, silvery wave, in murmur low, How long ai^o the light first saw thy face ] Wiio lived among those tall and verdant trees That shaded thy first efforts to the sea ? What race of men, with form erect — divine — First looked upon thy infant frolics, free, And welconied thee among them ? Or if Thy waters, tripping o'er its bed of sands, Awoke responsive melody, from those Whose little throats, in love for thee, poured forth Their sprightly carols in these groves unknown — Say, tell me, whose the face thy mirror first Reflected ? The swift deer, the heavy moose. The sluggish bear, as well the cunning fox — All these, I kno\v, thy banks would frequent seek — But who of those whom God has stamped, erect, Witli nobler souls, minds intellectual. First looked upon thy gentle loveliness? — Who saw thee when, in all thy rusliing might And strengtii, thou burst the highland chain and forced 51 Thy rugged way on to tlie sea 1 Or wlio, With joy from " Storm King's " haughty brow, looked down Upon ihy winding, libbon turns, well pleased At the discovery ? Was it " Poor Lo ? " Perchance when He, the Master — Saviour — came From heaven's courts, and in the manger-lted Was cradled there, thy shoi-es were then defined ; And daughters of the mighty chiefs, whose homes Along thy shaded borders, grouped in camps. At some eweet twilight hour, sported and laved Among thy cooling waves. Or, long before, AVhen Moses, by his God empowered, led forth, From Egypt's bond», that Israel host, in faith, To seek the land of promised rest — perhaps Along thy shores, in -basket nests, and hid Beneath the reeds, some white-winged motlier lieared her youug. Again; who named tliee " Shate muck ? "' 'Tis a v.cr.i So recent in its birth — it taUes thee back To but few years ago ! and marks thy age Fiom the Mohegan's time ! WJio knov7S but, in the lap of Ohlen Time, Thy course was traced with Jordan's sacred stream Or Eden's lovely river ? In sweet Luzerne Where thou hast played for ages past, I iind From out the solid rock, wliere thy limpid waves With pebbles, round and round, have worn, in time. Caverns as deep, as wonderful ; and like Tlie seeker after fame, hast left thy mark ; But, oh ! how many ages past — have tied — Since these began ! Cast otFfrom thee the name the Indian gave ; The Dutchman's too ; for why, forsooth, should he Whose bark, by chance and accidental winds Borne on between thy shores, without design, Be known forever, from thy lovely self ^ Here on this calm, enchanting bay I see The " Storm King " rising to the clouds above ; Old " Cro' Nest," too, Avith rocks on rocks, piled high. Is lifted up, still up, in towering mass. Tlieir sluidows on tliy sparkling bi-east I see, And in tlie lines they draw thy name is writ — The motto of our State—" Excelsior." 52 The steamer is now passing close to the base of old Storm King, and we get a fine view oi this mountain rock, with sides all scarred and torn by storms and lightning. Almost before us, to the right, we see PoLijPEii's IsLA^fD, supposed by the Indians to be a suiDernatnral UPPER ENTRANCE TO THE HIGHIiANDS, FROM CORKWAIili LANDING. (From LoBsing's "Hudsou, from the Wilderness to the Sea.") spot. The island, however, has a little romance connected with it, which is decidedly supern(dural. Some fair Katrina of the neighbor- hood, a great many years ago, was beJoved by a farmer's lad. She re- ciprocates, but, by coquettish art, was playing the (sad havoc) with a young minister's affections. One winter evening, minister and Ka- 53 trina were driving on tlie ice, near this island. The farmer's son very naturally was also driving in the same vicinity. The ice broke, and minister and young lady were rescued by the bold youth. The minister discovers that Katrina and young Hendrich both love each other; and there, under the moonlight, on that supernatuial island, with solemn ceremony, unite* them in bonds of holy matrimony. It ought hence- forth and forever to be called the ''Lovers' Island." This pleasing story presents a strong contrast to the sad fate of a wedding-party at the Danskammer Rock, to which we shortly refer. We are now nearing the pleasant village of CoBNWAiiL, where the hillsides are crowned with villas and summer homes. This is one of the pleasantest and healthiest jDlaces on the Hudson. A short distance from the village, on the old road leading from Cornwall to Newburgh, is situated Idlewdld, where "Willis passed the last fifteen years of his life; and now, as the steamer leaves Corn- wall Landing, we are in the beautiful hay of Neichurgh, pronounced by many the finest point on the Hudson. Newbtjbgh — settled by the Palatines, 1708. As we api3roach !N■e^^ - burgh, on the west bank, we see the old house known as Washington's Headquarters, already noticed in our analysis of the river. Here arc gathered, as we stated in our Guide for 1869, many relics of the Revo- lution: old Hessian boots that were never intended for flight, making either victory or capture inevitable; old swords that have a history written in blood; trappings of soldiers, that have lost the glitter and the tinsel; and a piano of most harmonious discord. At the time of disbanding the army Congress was negligent in fur- nishing supplies or payment; the soldiers wished to make Washington the head of a monarchical government; he declined; then an appeal was secretly disseminated to officers to form a military despotism. Washington was informed of it. He called a meeting of the soldiers, on the grounds near the old building, and his first words, before un- folding the paper, touched every heart. "You see, gentlemen," said he, as he placed his spectacles before his eyes, "that I have not only grown gray but blind in your service." It is needless to say that the '54 mutiny -was quelled. K the logic of war lias not been sufficient to answer the old argument of State Eights, it would be well to re-read the history of those disjointed days, and see if there were not j^revious to our Constitution sufficient need to "form a more perfect union." The city rises in natural terraces, and presents a fine river front. It is the eastern terminus of the Xeii:hurgh Branch of the Erie Railway. FisheilIj Landing. — Opj^osite Xewburgh are the villages of Matte- awan and FishkiU; and about one mile to the south, the dejjot and ferry of the Duchess and Columhia Railroad, which connects with the Connecticut Vrestern, and makes a direct eastern route to Hartford and Boston. These thriving towns guard the northern j)ortal of the High- lands, sixty miles from New York. We will close our third division of the Hiidson with a few verses from a little poem w^hich revives in hajDpy music the ringing of the Hudson sleigh-bells, as they once rang out their music under these grand old mountains. Our moonlight pictm-e will at once call u^ to every one some little experience of their far-off days. HUDSON SLEIGH-BELLS. With sweetheart nestled close by our side. We were started off for a jolly ride — With a sleighing party. When we were young, with nothiug to do But busy ourselves at tryiug to woo The girl who had stolen our boyish heart; The little coquette! how she played her part At that sleighing party. 55 Away "we glide, witli mirth and glee, Joyous aud happy as youth can be, — "While the sweet aud merry music swells From happy hearts and tuneful bells Of the sleighing party. The snow falls faster ! — so she said, Tossing her curls aud droppiiig her head Till the tinted cheeks were totally hid. I couldn't resist — she didn't forbid — 'Twas a sleighing party. Protect her ! Of course ! The snow was blinding, the air was keen ; As I drew her closer it could not have been That the red-ripe lips, so tempting to kiss, And those tell-tale eyes meant other than Yes ! At a sleighing party. Didn't I kiss her ? But why you should laugh I never could tell, For I know you boys would have liked it well; And as to the girls, they all well knew That the unkissed ones were very few At that sleighing party. We trust that "we will jfind sympathy among our readers for this sug- gestion of star-lit eyes; and, in the summer season, we consider these snow-scenes as a species of ice-cream dessert. 56 HILLSIDES FOE TWENTY MILES— THE PICTURESQUE. "By woody .bluff we steal, by leaning lawu. By palace, village, cot, — a sweet surprise At every turn the vision breaks upon." Low Point, or Carthage, is a small village on the east bank, about four miles north of Eishkill. It was called by the early inhabitants Low Point, as New Hamburgh, two miles to the north, was called High Point. Almost opjito.site Low Point, on the west bank, is a large flat rock, covered with cedars, known as the DuYVEii's Dans Kammee. — Here Hendrich Hudson, in his voyage up the river, m itnessed an Indian pow-wow — the first recorded fireworks in a country which has since delighted in rockets and pyrotechnic dis- j^lays. Here, too, in later years, tradition relates the sad fate of a AA edding-party . It seems that a Mr. Hans Hansen and a Miss Katrina Van Voorman, %\itli a few friends, were returning from xllbany, and disregarding the old Indian prophecy, were all slain : — ''For none th;it vi.sit the Intlian's den, Return again to the haunts of men , The knife is tlieir doom! O sad is their lot! Beware, beware of the blood-stained spot! " Some years ago this spot was also searched for the buried treasures of Cajitain Kidd, and we know^ of o?ie river pilot who still dreams semi- yearly of there finding countless chests of gold. Two miles above, on the east side, we pass New Hamburgh, at the mouth of Wappinger's Creek. The name "Wajipinger had its origin fromWabun, east, and Acki, land. This tribe held the east bank of the river, from Manhattan to Eoelifife Jansen's Creek, which empties into the Hudson near Livingston, a few miles south of Catskill Station on the Hudson Eiver Railroad. Passing the little villages of Hampton, Marlborough, and Milton, on the west bank, and we see on the east bank, 57 Locust Geove, residence of the late Prof. S. F. B. Morse, inventor of the electric telegraph, who for all time will receive the congratulations of every civilized nation, and the whole globe is destined one day to speak his langTiage. Yes, the islands of the sea, and the people that sit afar oflf in darkness, are beginning to feel the pulses of the world through the "still small voice" whispering beneath ocean and river, and across mighty continents, "putting a girdle round the earth in forty minutes," like the fairy of Midsinnmer-N ighf s Dream. We now see Blue Point, on the west bank; and, in every direction, we have the finest views. The scenery seems to stand, in character, between the sublimity of the Highlands and the tranquil dreamy repose of the Tappan Zee. It is said that under the shadow of these hiUs was the favorite anchorage of The Stokm Ship, one of our oldest and therefore most reliable legends. The story nins somewhat as follows . Years ago, when New York was a village — a mere cluster of houses on the point now knowTi as the Battery — when the Bowery was the farm of Peter Stuyvesant, and the Old Dutch Church on Nassau Street (now used as the j^ost-office) was considered the country — when communication with the old world was semi-yearly instead of semi-weekly cr daily — say one hundred and fifty years ago — the whole town one evening was put into gTeat com- motion by the fact that a ship was coming up the bay. She ax^proached the Battery within hailing distance, and then, sailing against both wind and tide, turned aside and passed up the Hudson. Week after week and month after month elapsed, bift she never returned; and whenever a storm came down on Haverstraw Bay or Tappan Zee, it is said that she could be seen careening over the waste; and, in the midst of the turmoil, you could hear the captain giving orders, in good Lore Dutch; but when the weather was pleasant, her favorite anchorage was among the shadgws of the picturesque hills, on the eastern bank, a few miles above the Highlands. It was thought by some to be Hendrich Hudson and his crew of the "Half Moon," who, it was well known, had once run aground in *the upper part of the river, seeking a northwest passage to China; and j)eople who live in this ^dcinity still insist that under the 53 calm harvest moon and the pleasant nights of September, they see her under the bluff of Blue Point, all in deep shadow, save her topsails glittering in the moonhght. Perhaps it was this quiet anchorage that gave the name to PouGHKEEPsiE, Qucen City of the Hudson, — derived from the Indian word Apokeepsing, signifying safe harbor. Near the landing is a bold rock jutting into the river, known as Kaal Rock, sig-nifying barren rock; and perhaps this also furnished a safe harbor or landing-place for those days of birch canoes. It is said there are over forty different ways of spelling Poughkeepsie, and every year the Post-Office Record gives a new one. The first house was built in 1702 by a Mr. Van Kleek; and we believe the State Legislature held a session here in 1777 or 1778, when New York was held by the British, and Kingston had been burned by Vaughn. Ten years later, the State Convention also met here for ratification of the Federal Constitution. (For further historical par- ticulars see Barber's Historical Collection of New York, or the State Records. ) The city has a beautiful location, and is justly regarded the finest residence city on the river; and it is not only midway between New York and Albany, but it is also bounded by a historic and poetic horizon midway between the Highlands and the Catskills, commanding a view of the mountain portals on the south and the mountain overlook on the north — the Gibraltar of Revolutionary fame and the dreamland of Rip Van Winkle. The magnificent steamers which j^ly daily between New York and Albany, thirty trains on the best-appointed railroad in the country, and fine steamers of home enterprise, make the traveling facilities complete. The city has a j^opulation of 25,000 inhabitants — the largest between the capital and the metrojDolis. In addition to its natuial beauty, Poughkeepsie is noted throughout our country for re- fined society, and as a nucleus of the finest schools in our countiy. Just before the river boats land at Poughkeepsie we see uiDon our right, as we come up the river, a large structure, the " Riverview Mili- tary Academy." It crowns a fine eminence looking off toward the Highlands on the south, and the Catskills to the north and west. It is most thoroughly ventilated, and heated by steam throughout. Water 59 is accessible on every floor, and the room of eacli pupil is pleasant and commodious. The views are delightful in every direction, as will be seen from the cut here given. Mr. Bisbee has met with the most marked success in training boys for business, college, for West Point, and other military and naval institutions. In fact, he believes in an education which results in force of character — the true aim of all edacation. EivERViEW Military Academy. A %vide-awake thorough-going School for Boys wishing to be trained for Business, for College, or for "West Point or the Naval Academy. OTIS BISBEE, A. M., PRINCIPAL AND PROPRIETOR. We would also mention "Vassar College" and " Poughkeepsie Female Academy," the latter under the rectorship of the Eev. D. G. Wright, A.M. It is located in the central part of the city, and has long been distinguished for its thoroughness of instruction and carefulness of super\dsion. The buildings are ample and commodious; the rooms large, well ventilated, and furnished with regard to taste, convenience, 60 and liome comfort. The laboratory is furnished with an extensive XDhilosophical, chemical, and astronomical apparatus. Pupils are carried through a collegiate course, or fitted to enter any class in Vassar College. For many years this Academy has ranked among the first in our State in educational spirit and progTess; and there are few, if any, places where young ladies acquire a more healthy mental or moral education, a more finished and perfect symmetry in the development of mind and heart. We present a cut of the Academy on the opposite page. Vassar College, situated two miles from the City Hall, ranks among the first educational institutions of our land. It is for young ladies what Yale and Harvard are for young men. It was founded by the late Matthew Vassar, who has left behind him, in this stately building and generous endowment, "a monument more lasting than brass." We re- gret that Ave have not a cut of the buildings and grounds, and hope to secure them another season. Near the river landing w^e see the extensive manufactory of Adriance, Piatt, & Co. In 1857 and 1858 this firm commenced the manufacture and sale of the Buckeye Mower at Poughkeepsie, with salesroom in New York. The business has increased and enlarged in their hands materially, and they have attained such excellence in the manufacture of their machines that their reputation is world-wide. Twelve years have sufficed to extend the sale of the Buckeye from twenty-five ma- chines to 30,000 in a single season. Surely the old chariots of war have become chariots of peace. The fine park, grounds and terrace buildings of Mayor Eastman are a fine feature of the city. The new terrace building is, taken with the entire surroundings, the finest on the Hudson, or any other river in the world. He has been a live man in the city, and has always stood in the front rank of enterprise. His grounds are always open to the l^ublic. The houses of his Terrace Block are now completed, and can be purchased for what the rent of an ordinary house in the city of New York would cost for only three or four years. His Business College, referred to in another place, is a very successful institution, and its reputation reaches, like the Pacific Kailroad, from New York to San 62 r- "0 O c O I 7^ m m TJ CO m ■n m > r- m > O > m Francisco. In fact, we know of no city tliat has been so thoroughly advertised as Ponghkeepsie, through its various institutions and suc- cessful enterprise. The "Morgan House," a cut of which is here given, is a fine hotel, situated in the central part of the city, corner of Main and Catherine MOEGAN HOUSE, POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y. PUTNAM & CHAPMAN, PEOPEIETOKS. Streets. Carriages meet the boats and cars. The horse-cars also pass the door. It is considered the finest city hotel between New York and Albany. L. S. Putnam, Proprietor. The Memorial Fountain, "To the Patriot Dead of Duchess County," is probably the finest in the State; the CoUingwood Opera-HoOse is an 64 elegant music-hall capable of seating twenty-two hundred people; the Insane Asylum is a magnificent structiu-e; and the diives are charm- ing in every direction. In fact, it would be an easy matter to write a work on Poughkeepsie alone; and we would like to vrriie fifteen or twenty pages on the PouGHKKEPSiE AND Easteek EAUiEOAD, which forms a direct route across the county, connecting the pleasant valley of the Harlem and the Housatonic with the Hudson. We would suggest, as one of the finest little trips out of New York, the day boat to Poughkeepsie; spend a day in the city; take the Poughkeepsie and Eastern Eaih'oad to Millerton; run uj) to Bash-Bish Falls, near Copake, or down the Harlem to the Dover Stone Church, to Lake Mahopac, and so to New York, — making the whole trip in three days. This route also, in connection with the Connecticut Western, opens up a direct way to Hartford and Boston. We would also like to speak of the enterprise of the city in supplying piu'O water from the Hudson; and the coming bridge, connecting the east with the coal-fields of Pennsylvania. As the steamer leaves Poughkeepsie, we see New Paltz Landing, al- most opposite, and Hyde Park, on east bank, six miles above Pough- keepsie. Then Staatsburgh Station, on the east side; and then Rhine- beck, ninety miles from New York. Rondout, or City of Kingston, is directly oi)posite, at the mouth of Rondout Creek. This is the eastern end of the Delaware and Hudson Canal. Rhinebeck is two miles from Rhineclift' Landing, and is one of the finest towns in Duchess County. It was named, as some say, by combining two words — Beekman and Rhine. Others say that the word beek means clifi", and the town was so named from the resemblance of the cliffs to those of the Rhine. Rondout had its derivation from the redoubt that was built on the banks of the creek. The creek took the name of Redoubt Kill, after- ward Rundout, and then Rondout. The old town of Kingston was once called Esopus, on Esopus Creek, which flows north and empties into the Hudson, at Saugerties. The Indian name for Kingston was At-kar-kar-ton - the gi'cat plot or meadow, on which they raised corn and beans. 6S THE DeGARMO institute, AT RHINEBECK. DUTCHESS CO., N.Y. A Pettaxz BoAEDiyG-ScHooi. for both sexes, is in a pleasant village, has an attractiT-e and comfortable Building, and its Eooms are neatlr furnished. It prepares Pnpils for Business or for College. An able Corps of Teachers is constantly employed, and thorough work is done. Por Catalc^oe containing Terms and all Particnlars, address the Principa], James 3L DeGarmo, EHTNTBECK, V. Y. TKE CATSKELXS— BEArXY. •' Azid eOOD the CatatiiLs print tiie diaont ^y. And o'er their airy x<. o S" E &> t- 2. .g^ 00 ^ « to si tr I? 5'® p •- OS ?:. S> E-^c o Oi re C p^ S '^ *? ^ o: ft C — r^^r^ 7- T^ - - e^l • o -13 a> CD CD GO -^ c^ N '^ P' P o B o o' p o 0) m O H "0 > I o H m r O so r+ CO CD O ful hotel on tlie river bank between New York and Albany. Like Aladdin's Palace it sprung up all at once, white and beautiful, and gave life, as it were, to the whole landscape. It is one of the few hotels that had the good fortune to become prominent all at once; and this popu- larity was not accidental, but owing to many causes: its fine location — its enchanting views — its splendid management. Moreover, the fresh bracing air from the Catsklls makes Catskill one of the pleasantest places to spend the heat of the summer, or the noontide of the year; IRVING HOUSE. H. A. Person, Proprietor. and, indeed, a summer tour is not complete unless we pay Catskiil a visit. Prospect Park stages and carriages meet passengers at the landing. Catskill Village.— The old tillage, with its Main Street, lies along the valley of the Catskill Creek, not quite a mile from the Causeway Landing, and preserves some of the features of the days when Knicken^- hocker was accustomed to pay it an annual visit. Its location seems to 70 have been chosen as a place of seciuity — out of sight to one voyaging up the river. It has, however, gi'own rapidly during the last few years, and the northern slope is covered with fine residences, aU of which command extensive views of the Hudson. A new hotel, long needed in the business part of the village, was built on Main Street in 1871. It was appropriately christened the "Irving House," as Catskill owes a large part of its present i^opularity — probably more than it imagines — to the pen of Washington Irving. It is fitted up with all the conve- veniences of a first-class hotel, and is kept open dui'ing the whole yeai*. CATSKiLii Mountain House. — For miles up and down the river, and from almost any point in the six counties we have mentioned as under the jurisdiction of the Catskills, we can see the "Mountain House," three thousand feei above the river, like a bit of snow left on the moun- tains. This hotel is only ten or eleven miles from the landing, and the ride from the village is pleasant and romantic. This hotel has been for years the favorite summer resort on the river, and its popularity is con- tinually on the increase. No European traveler ever thinks of leaving it unvisited. The Catskills and Niagara Falls are two points 'known every- where. These mountains are, indeed, the gloiy of the Hudson, and have been poetically termed, "the ever-changing legendary Kaatsbergs." They were called by the Indians the Onti-o-ras, or Mountains of the Sky, as they sometimes seem like clouds along the horizon. This range of mountains was supposed by the Indians to have been originally a monster who devoured all the children of the Ked Men, and that the Great Spirit touched him when he was going down to the salt lake to bathe, and here he remains. "Two little lakes upon the summit were regarded as the eyes of the monster, and these are open all the summer; but in the winter they are covered with a thick crust or heavy film; but whether sleeping or waking, tears always trickle down his cheeks. Here, according to Indian belief, was kept the gi'eat treasury of storm and sunshine, presided over by an old squaw spirit who dwelt on the highest peak of the mountains. She kept day and night shut up in her wigwam, letting out only one at a time. She 71 manufactured new moons everr month, cutting up the old ones into stars, and, like the old ^olus of mythology, shut the winds np in the caverns of the hills." A morning view from this cliff will be remembered a life- time ; at least we remember, as if it were yesterday, a July morning three years ago. We rose at 3.30, at least an hour before '"Night murmured to the morning, — Lie still, oh! love, lie still.'' Patiently we waited the sun's advent, and as the rosy dawn announced the morning coming with ** looks all vernal and with cheeks all bloom," the windoics of the Monntain House, one after another, began to reveal undreamed visions of loveliness, and it were really difficult to tell which had the deeper interest, the sun's rising in the east, or the daughters in the west. The rosy clouds of the one, the tender blushes of the other; the opening eyelids of the morning, or the opening eyelids of innocence ; the bright ambrosial locks hanging far and wide along the deep blue chiseled mountain side, or the uncombed ripples which, like mountain streams receiving additions from other sources, would probably become beautiful waterfalls. In four minutes more by solar time, and the sun would sprinkle the golden dust of light over the valley of the Hudson. The East was all aglow, and, as ice stood musing the fire burned, yes, brighter and brighter, as if the distant hills were an altar, and a sacrifice was being offered up to the G-od of Day. It truly reminded one of an Oriental dry-goods store, with costly goods in the show-win- dows running opposition to the muslin and dimity-filled window-cases in the west. Cities and villages below us sprang into being, and misty shapes rose from the valley, as if Day had rolled back the stone from the Sepulcher of Xight, and it was rising transfigured to Heaven. Adown and up the river for the distance of sixty miles, sloops and schooners drifted lazily along, while below us the little " ferry-boats plied Like slow shuttles through the sunny warp Of threaded silver from a thousand brooks." Truly the Catskills were a fitting place for the artist Cole to gatner inspiration to complete that beautiful series of paintings, '' The Voyage 72 S-^ -T — X -r - t: 2. "3,:= to -es^ CO =. =. - E H - _ - X • S i< r &5 IT > o 1^ j«^ ' hH? I of Life," for no finer mountains in all the world overlook a finer river. Irving, in writing of his first voyage up the Hudson, " in the good old times before steamboats and railroads had annihilated time and space, and driven all poetry and romance out of travel," says: "But of all the scenery of the Hudson the Kaatskill Mountains had the most witching effect on my boyish imagination. Never shall I forget the effect upon me of tlie first view of them, predominating over a wide extent of country, — part wild, woody, and rugged, part softened away into all the graces of cul- tivation. As we slowly floated along I lay on the deck and watched them through a long summer's day ; undergoing a thousand mutations under the magical effects of atmosphere ; sometimes seeming to ap- proach; at other times to recede; now almost melting into hazy distance, now burnished by the setting sun, until in the evening they printed themselves against the glowing sky in the deep purple of an Italian landscape." . On preceeding page we presented a cut of the Mountain House, furnished by Mr. C. L. Beach, proprietor. This favorite summer resort, so justly celebrated for its grand scenery and healthful atmos- phere, will be open from June 1st to October 1st. Ready access may be had at all times by Mr. Beach's stages connecting at the village of Cats- kill with the Hudson River steamboats and the trains on the Hudson River Railroad. Two miles from the hotel are the Kaaterskill Falls. The waters fall perpendicularly 175 feet, and afterward 85 feet more. A sort of amphitheater behind the cascade is the scene of one of Bryant's finest poems : — '■ From greens and shades where the Catterskill leaps Prom cliffs where the wood flowers cling;" and we recall the lines which express so beautifully the well-nigh fatal dream : — " Of that dreaming one By the base of that icy steep "When over his stiflfening limbs begun The deadly slumbers of frost to creep. * * * * There pass the chasers of seal and whale, With -heir weapons quaint and grim, And bands of warriors in glittering mail, And herdsmen and hunters huge of limb, There are naked arms with bow and spear And furry gauntlets the carbine rear. 74 li.VURKL HOU8K, KAUTEKSKTLL, FALLS, N. T. J. L. SCHL'TT, PKOl'KIETOR. The Latjrel House has a cliarmiDg location near the brow of the falls, and a few steps lead one to the platform and stairs which command a view of both the upper and lower falls. There are many points of interest within an honr's stroll, of a summer afternoon — Haines Falls and Sunset Rock. From the rock at sunset we get a view of he entire extent of the Catskill Clove. A musket-shot in the evening wakes the echoes, and, perhaps, disturbs the repose of old Hen Trick Hudson's men, who are supposed to slumber here occasionally. The hotel is.under the efficient management of Mr. J. L. Sehutt, and is one of the most po]valar in the mountain region ; it will accommodate 250 guests. Tourists will find an obliging agent at the- steamboat landing, and coaches that run direct to the Laurel House. 74 (a) About half-way up the mountain is the place said to be the dream- land of Rip Van Winkle — the greatest character of American Mythology, more real than the heroes of Homer or the massive gods of Olympus, And our age has reason to congratulate itself on the possession of Joseph Jefferson and John Rogers, who on the stage and in the studio have illustrated to the life this master-piece of Irving. The cut here given repesents Rijp Van Winkle at home, the favorite of the village children. You will remember Irving says, "the children of the village would shout with joy whenever he a^Dproached, he assisted at their sports, made them playthings, taught them to fly kites and shoot marbles, and told them long stories of ghosts, witches and Indians. Whenever he went dodging about the village he was sur- rounded by a troop of them hanging on his skirts, clambering on his back and playing a thousand tricks on him with impunity." Two others complete the group, Rip Van Winkle on the mountains, and Rip Van Winkle returned. As will be seen above, the figure of Rip was 75 modelled from Mr. Jefferson, who sat for his likeness. And as we turn away from the Catskills, with their visions of beauty and reality of fic- tion, we can only say, don't fail to hear the great actor when opportu- nity occurs, don't fail to read again the story of Irving, and don't fail to have the finest gronj) of statuary in the world, — price twelve dollars each. These, wdth the courtshii) of Ichabod and Katrina, give an artistic delineation of the comic-tragedy and the tragic-comedy of the Hudson. A stamp enclosed to John Rogers, 212 Pifth Avenue, will procure a fine illustrated catalogue and price-list. Catskill was for many years the home of Cole, the artist; and the new residence of Church will be seen almost oi^posite, on the east bank. Hudson, six miles north of Catskill, was founded in the year 1784, by thirty persons from Providence, E. I. The city is situated on a sloping promontory, bounded by the North and South Bays. Its main streets, Warren, Union and Alien, run east and west a little more than a mile in length, crossed by Front street. First, Second, Third, etc. Main street reaches from Promenade Park to Prospect Hill, The Park is on the bluff just above the steamboat landing; w^e believe this city is the only one on the Hudson that has a Promenade gi-ound over- looking the river. It commands a fine view of the Catskill Mountains, Mount Merino, and miles of the river scenery. The city has always enjoyed the reputation of hospitality, and strangers receive a kindly welcome. It is the western terminus of the Hudson and Boston Rail- road, which passes thi^ough Claverack, with its flourishing *' Hudson River Institute," and Philmont with its fine water power, to Chatham, where connections are made with Harlem Extension Railroad for Lebanon Springs, and Boston and Albany Railroad for Pittsfield. Passengers can reach either place the same evening, or remain over night and take a fresh start in the morning. The "Worth House," about three blocks from the landing or depot, is the best hotel in the city. It has a fine location on Warren street, and has long been known as one of the very pleasantest and best conducted on the Hudson. Its name is associated with the brave General Worth of the Mexican War, 76 whose fine monument stands in front of the Fifth Avenue Hotel, New York. The Worth House is built on the site of the old building where the General was bom. The Messrs. Miller, Proprietors. Athens, directly opposite Hudson, is suggestive of at least one thing, that we have names on the Hudson of all complexions — Troy, Athens, Tivoli, and Carthage, *' mixed up " with English, Dutch, and Indian names of every dialect. An old Mohegan village, kno"s\'n as Potick, was located west of Athens. After leaving Hudson we pass Stockport on the east side, and Cox- sackie on the west (name derived from an Indian word signifying cut banks; others say Cooks-ockay, owl-hooting; and others from Kaak-aki, a, place of geese). Stuyvesant, ten miles north of Hudson, on the east bank, was once known as Kinderhook Point, or Landing, and took its name from an old Swedish family with numerous progeny, that once lived on a point half a mile above the landing — Kinder-hook signifying Children's Cor- ner, or Point. The village of Kindeihook is the finest in Columbia County, five miles from the landing. Llndenwold, the home of Martin Van Buren, is about two miles from the village. Columbia is one of the few counties in our republic that can boast a President of the United States. The villages of New Baltimore and Coeymans are on the west bank. Schodack Landing and Castleton on the east. In digging for the foun- dation of a house at Coeyman's, in the winter of 1872, it is said that ruins of the old castle were discovered, where Anthony Van Corlear blew his trumpet in vain, and carried back certain signs to the good people of New Amsterdam, strange to behold (see Irving's Knicker- bocker). Schodack. — The township of Schodack is one of the oldest and pleasantest in the County of Eensselaer, and was the head-centre or capital of the Mohegan tribe. It has its origin in the word Schoti, sig- nifying fire; and ack, place; or the place of the ever-burning council- fire of the Mohegan tribe. Here King Aepgin, the 8th of .AiDril, 1680, sold to Van Eensselaer " all that tract of country on the west side of the Hudson, extending from Beeren Island up to Smack's Island, and in breadth two day's journey." 77 The Mohegan Teibe originally occupied all the east bank of the Hudson north of Eoelifle Jansen's Kill, near Germantown, to the head waters of the Hudson; and, on the west bank, from Cohoes to Catskill. The town of Schodack was central, and a signal displayed from the hills near Castleton could be seen for thirty miles in every direction. After the Mohegans left the Hudson, they went to Vv estenhook, or Housa- tonic, to the hills south of Stockbridge; and then, on invitation of the Oneidas, removed to Oneida County, 1785, where they lived until 1821, when, with other Indians of New York, they purchased a tract of land near Pox Eiver, Minnesota. The Mourder's Kill flows into the Hudson just above Castleton. The Norman's Kill flows into the Hudson a few miles above, on the west side. It was called by the Indians the Tawasentha, or ** place of many dead." We are now in sight of Albany, and our summer day is drawing to a clo^e. Albany is a city of about eighty thousand inhabitants, and one of the most fl-ourishing in the State. Its prosperity is due to, at least, three causes. First, the capital was removed fi'om New York to Albany in 1798. Then followed two great enterprises, ridiculed at the time by every one as the Fulton FoUy and Clinton's Ditch; in other words, steam navigation, 1807, and the Erie Canal, 1825. Tourists and travelers will find interest in \asiting the old and new Capitol, the State Hall, the City Hall, and the Dudley Observatory, to the north of the city; and, during their stay, they will find the best care and attention at the " Delavan House." This hotel is complete in aU its appointments, and is known everywhere p^s one of the best in the State. The Albany Cathedral is also a grand structure, and will well repay a ^dsit. The iron fence about it was made at the Albany Iron and Ma- chine Works (H. C. Haskell, Proprietor), and is probably the finest work of its kind in the United States. The railing, also, on the new bridge across the Hudson at Albany, is of their manufacture, to which we call the respectful attention of all who have a taste for art and beauty, in this **age of iron." During the past winter he completed one of his fine engines for the Government Printing House in Wash- ington, and it is pronounced the most effective in our country. He has 7S recently erected a new building near the steamlDoat landing and tlie depot of the Albany and Susquehanna Eailroad, four stories high, fifty feet by sixty, which increases his facilities for doing with j^romptness and desiDatch liis continually increasing business. The site of Albany was called by the Indians Shaunaugh-ta-da, or the Pine Plains, a name which we still see in Schenectada. From an old book in the State Library, we conden&e the following description, DELAVAN HOUSE. Charlks E. Leland «fe Co., Proprietors. presenting quite a contrast to its modern business activity. "Albany lay stretched along the banks of the Hudson, on one very wide and long street, parallel to the Hudson. The space between the street and the river-bank was occupied by gardens. A small but steep hill rose above the centre of the town, on wh'ch stood a fort. The wide street leading to the fort (now State Street) had a Market Place, Guard-House, Tovm Hall, and an English and Dutch Church, in the centre," 79 It is also said that Albany existed one hundred years "uithoiit a law- yer, even as Rome five hundred without a lohysieian. Its name, as we said before, was given in honor of the Duke of Albany, although it is still claimed by some of the oldest inhabitants, that, in the golden age of those far-off times, when the good old burghers used to ask for the welfare of their neighbors, the answer was always "All bonnic," and hence the name of the hill-cro^Tied city. And now, while waiting to "throw out the plank," which j^uts a period to our Hudson Eiver Division, we feel like congratulating our- selves that the various goblins which once infested the river have be- come civilized, that the winds and tides have been conquered, and that the nine-day voyage of Hendrich Hudson and the "Half Moon" has been reduced to the nine-liour si/stem of the "Yibbard" and the "Drew." Those who have traveled over Europe will certainly appreciate the quiet luxury of an American steamer; and this first introduction to American scenery will always charm the tourist from other lauds. Three years ago it was my privilege to visit some of the rivers and lakes of the old world, well knowTi in song and story, but I imagine that no single day's journey in any land or on any stream can present such vari- ety, interest, and beauty, as the trip of one hundred and fort v-f our miles from New York to Albany. The Hudson is indeed a goodly volume, with its broad covers of green lying open on either side; and it might in truth be called a cotidensed history, for there is no place in our country where poetry ahd romance are so strangely blended witb the heroic and the historic, — no river where the waves of different civiliza- tions have left so many waifs upon the banks. It is classic ground, from the " wilderness to the sea," and will always be THE poets' corner OF OUR COUNTRfJ the home of Irving, Willis, and Morris, — of Fulton, Morse, and Field, — of Cole, Audubon, and Church,— and scores besides, whose names are Household Words. 80 ALBANY, N. Y. DET.AVAK rJECK, . , . l^roprietor. Conveniently located on Broadway^ in the central part of the city, ivithin a minute s walk of the Depots of the N'ezv York Ce^itral, Hudson River, Rensselaer, and Saratoga Railroads, A Pleasant Hotel for the Tourist and Business Traveler. ALBANY TO LEBANON SPRINGS AND PITTSFLELD. We Lave already indicated in our Hudson paragraph, the route via the Hudson aud Boston Railroad to Lebanon Springs and Pittsfiekl, by which one reaches his destination the same evening. We novr give a brief description of these interesting points for summer excursion. If the tourist has arrived at Albany, he will remain over night and start the next morning, via the "Boston and Albany Railroad," from the new Depot in the rear of Delavan House. Crossing the Hudson on one of the finest bridges on the continent, and halting a moment at East All:)any to take passengers from Troy, and the north, the railroad for three or four miles rises gradually along the eastern slope of t' o river, until a lovely view is obtained of the Hudson and the distant Helderbergs from the car windows. Eight miles from Albany, \ al Hotel, Niagara FaUs. Mr. Fidton has the good fortune of being popular not only with the traveling public, but also with all the Hotel Proprietors from NeV York to Montreal, and from Po:»tland to Chicago. As he ti^vels ea.ii from the sublimity of Niagara to the quiet loveliness of Lebanon, he has the best wishes of a host of friends. About two miles from the Hall is the New Lebanon Society of Shakers. This society is the largest in the United 'States. They number some six hundred persons, and have possession of some six thousand acres of land de- voted to farming pm-poses, gardens for seeds, fruits, etc., which are everywhere famed for their quality. A visit is at all times interesting. The Spring in the hotel grounds is a great cuiiosity, and keeps an even temperature of 72= summer and winter. The Hotel and hill were once known as Montepoole (the mountain pool.) The Sycamore tree which shades it has a tradition that a man from New Haven some sixty years ago, stuck his riding-whip in the giound. Then it was only large enough to do one boy justice; now a thousand youths could lodge in the branches thereof. The village of New Lebanon is delightful, the birth place of Samuel 82 ^i^' ^^J" 3^i^i:S'->~.- J. Tilden, and the present home of the two successful and enterprising- brothers, Mr. Moses Tildon, and Mr. Henry Tilden. PiTTSi'iELD is the first town of importance east from Chatham vii]a3-o, on the Boston an 1 Albany Raih'oad, and we know of none more attractive to the traveler, especially between April and November. /^p-*-^ MAPLE AVENUE. The population of the town is about 13,000, and occupies the center of that panorama of hills which encircles the county of Berkshire. This county lies upon a grand x^lateau having an average height of over 1,000 feet, being the most compact heights of the Green Mountains. Upon and around this plateau rise hills of an average altitude of 1,800 feet above tide-water, or 800 above the Park of Pittsfield, which is 1,0^1 feet above the sea-level. 84 Greylock, which bounds the northern view, rises 3,505 feet aboye the ^ level of the sea, and is the highest i^oiut in the State. The various branches of the Housatonic Kiver here unite, filling the town with a network of "braided brooks," and there are beside, six beautiful lakelets, Onota, I*ontoosuck, Richmond, Melville, Silver, and Goodrich. MAPLEWOOD GROUNDS. The town was first permanently settled in 1752, as the plantation of Fontoosuck, taking its name from that of the district, which means the "haunt of the winter deer," it being the favorite hunting-ground of the Mohegan Indians in winter. It was incoii)orated in 17G1, by the name of Pittsfield, in honor of the great English statesman who had been earnest in defending it against the French and Indians. The " Maplewood Young Ladies Institute" has a classic location, with grounds as fine as those of Yale or Harvard. We present a cut 85 of Maple Avenue, as furnislied by our fiiencl the Principal, Eev. Charles Y. Spear. The Institution has been known for years not only to Berkshire and Eastern Massachusetts, but throughout New England and the Middle States, as one of the best conducted and most flourish- ing in the Country, " Maple wood Hall" is opened this season for summer guests, and furnishes a home mth every convenience. The rooms are amjjle and newly furnished, and windows and piazzas afford extensive and charming views. The large Gymnasium, with its BEBKSHIEE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. swings and bowling alleys, is also open to the guests of the Hall dur- ing the vacation of the school. Horses and carriages, including the somewhat famous Maplewood Omnibus, furnish facilities for drives, picnics or mountain excursions. 86 CAPITAL NEW BOOKS. A Mad Marriage. An intensely interesting new novel by May Agnes Fleming, author of .— A "Wonderfal "Woman— Gny Earlscouits Wife— A Terrible Secret, etc.. ofVhich the Tele ram save: "For intense' interest, it has not been surpassed since the time of 'SV'ilkie Collins' ' Woman in White,' or Mrs. "Woods ' East Lvnne.' "' ^% Price §1.75. A Perfect Adonis. A i)owerful new novel, by the anther of Kutledfre — The Sutherlands — St. Philips — Frank "^'arringtou— Louies Last Term at St. Marys — Richard Yaudermarck, etc., etc. '♦-^ Price ^1.50. True as Steel. A deliirhtfnl story by Marion Harland. One of the most fascinatirs: she has ever writ- ten. *x* Price ?1.50r "The other works 'oy this popular author, are:— Alone — Sunuvbank — Mosssi«ie — Nemesis — Miriam — Helen G.xiduer — Husbands and Homes— Hidden Path — Phe- mie's Temptation — Huby s Husband — Empty Heart — At Last — Jessamine. Ten Old Maids. "Five of them "Wise, and Five of them Foo'ish. " A sparkling new novel, by Mrs. Julie P. Snath, author of Widow Goldsmith's Daughter, etc. *,* Price il.'to. Manfred. A deeply interesting new romance, transla ed by Luigi Monti, from the Italian of i^. D. Guerrazzi, author of Beauice Cenci. '»' Price Si. 75. Ecce Feniina; Or, The Woman Zoe. A very remarkable new novelette, by Ciiyler Pine, author of Mary Brandegee. Pickwick Papers. Ey Charles Diclcens. The elegant new edition, known as "Carleton's New Illustrated Ediiion." '^^-^ Price i 1.50. ^^ These books are all beantifnlly printed and bound. Sold everywhere— and sent by mail, postage free, on receipt of price, by O. W. e.^KLEXOrV & eo.. I»iil>li^liei-s, MADISOX SQVAKE, XE^V YOKK. ATTRACTIVE NEW BOOKS. West Lawn. The arreat American novel of the year, ''s* Price §1.50. By Mary J. Holmes, autlior •yi the followiug excellent and popular novels : Tempest and Siinahine, Ciisiii Maude. Eose Mather, English Orphans, Marian Gray, Etlielyn's Mistake, Homestead on Hillside, Ei1na Browuinjr, Millbank, 'Lena Rivers, Hueh Worthington, Darkness and Daylight, Meadow Brook, Cameron Pride,' West Lawn. {new). Dora Deane, Artemus Ward. An entirely new stereotyped edition of the complete "Works of Artemtis Ward, contain- ing an excellent portrait of the great American HnmorisT — a carefnlly prepared Sketch of ins Life, and more than 50 pages 01 his fugitive writings nev<^r belore printed in booklorm. Four volumes iu one, with 50 comic illustrations. "^'^^ Price $2.00, Shiftless Folks. A brilliant, undiluted Love Story, by Christabel Goldsmith ["Wido-w Goldsmith's Daugh- ter"]. ''> Price $1.75. A Woman in Armor. A powerfully written novel, absorbingly interesting to ladies — by the new author, Miss Mary Hartwell. *** Price $1.50. St. Elmo. A charming love story by Augusta J. Evans, author of some of the best and most suc- cessful novels ever written— Beulah — Inez — Macaria — Vashti, etc. *^* Price Sl.TS. !^p^ Miss Evans' new novel, Infelice, is in rapid preparation, and will be published very soon. David Copperfleld. By Charles Dickens— the elegant new edition, known as "Carleton's New Hlustrated Edition." ^,.* Price $1.50. l^p^ These books are all beautifully printed and bound. Sold everywhere — and sent by mail, postage free, on receipt of price, by O. TF- OAl^LlilXOlV ^j: 00., FiilblisUers, MADIiSOX SQUAKE, ^T.W YORK. The Hall is now under the efficient management of Mr. E. F. Car- ter. In the micbt of this beautiful park, w-ith its elms and maples, of fifty years, it cannot fail to receive a generous patronage. In addi- tion to the views here given, we call attention to the grounds of Maple- wood, as presented on the Hudson River map. We have also been furnished with a fine cut of the Berkshire Life Insurance Company, situated in the business and financial centre of the town. It is one of the oldest, safest, and most prosperous in the Country. The Building is occupied by the officers of t'he Company, by tvro National banks, one Savings bank, with fire and bur jlar-proof safes for each, the post-office and telegraph; the upj^er story is occupied by Masonic bodies. A little way from the main street the house is still standing, but somewhat modified, where Longfellow married his vdie. He also took the " old clock " to Cambridge. "A little back fmm the v illage street, Stands an old-fashioned country seat, Across whose antique portico Tall poplar trees their shadows throw." One could easily write a *' book " about Pittsfield. It is the centre of wealth, and refinement. Bryant, Hawthorn, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Longfellow, the Sedge- wicks, Fanny Kemble. and Melville are a few of the names that are as- sociated with this beautiful town. Monument Mountain, Greylock, the Hoosac Tunnel, Lebanon Springs, thf Shakers', AVilliams College, Lenox and Stockbridge are all within easy drive. In fact, the pleasant- est drive we have had for many a day was this present season of 1874, " In the leafy month of June," from Pittsfield to Lebanon Springs, at the invitation of ^Mr. James W. Hull. The mountain road was a little rough, but like Chaucer's Canterbury Pilgrims, we beguiled the way with poetry of the olden time, until there suddenly burst upon us a vision of beauty, equal to anything which Chaucer or Spencer ever dreamed, — the County of Columbia at our feet, reaching away to the Catskills. 87 ^ pittsfieLd, mass. CEBnA QUACKENBUSH, Froprietor. * — >» I Pleasantly located midway the main street of the most delightful lo-vvn or village of Berkshire. A convenient Hotel for Tourists or Business Travelers. Free Omnibuses to and from the Cars. DELAWARE AND HUDSON CANAL COMPANY. Albany and Susquehanna Depabtment. — There are feAv railroads in our country that possess for so many miles such variety and interest as the Albany and Susquehanna. All the way from Albany to Bingham ton the hills and valleys, the streams, rivulets, and rivers form a succession of beautiful landscapes, framed in the moving panorama of a car ^\-indoAv. The railroad follows the valleys of three streams — the Schoharie, the Cobleskill, and the Susquehanna. Leaving Albany we pass through the little villages and stations of Adamsville, Slingerlands, New Scotland, Guilderland, Knowersville, Duanesburgh, Quaker Street, Esperance, and come to Central Bridge, thirty-six miles from Albany, the junction with the branch road for Schoharie Court-House and Middleburgh. Schoharie village, the county seat, is situated on Schoharie Flats. First settlement made in 1711. Population about fifteen hundred. The old stone church, erected in 1772, is now used as an arsenal. Three miles fi'om Central Bridge, or thirty-nine miles from Albany, is the celebrated Howe's Cave, dit^covered on the 22d May, 1812, by Lesttr Howe. In interest and extent it is second only to the great Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, and presents, in truth, a new world of beauty, with arches and walls reaching away for miles, of which perhaps the half is only discovered. Among the prominent points of 'interest in the cave are the following, as named by Mr. Howe: — *' Reception, or Lecture Boom," "Washington HaU," "Bridal Chamber," (temperature iS deg. Fall.), where many have been nuja- tually tied, including the two daughters of the discoverer; "The Chai?el," some forty feet high; "Harlequin Tunnel," " Cataract Hall," " Ghost Room, or Haunted Castle," "Music Hall," " Stygian, or Crystal Lake." At the foot of the lake there are several gas-burners, giving the visitor a beautiful view of that portion of the cave and lake, and the side grotto near by. From thence visitors proceed by boats across the 89 lake to *' Plymouth Eock," and from thence continue the journey to the " Devil's Gateway," " The Museum," " Geological Rooms," " Uncle Tom's Cabin," " Giants' Study," " Pirates' Cave," "Rocky Mountains," "Valley of Jehoshaphat, " "Winding Way," and " Rotunda." There are the usual formations, known as "Stalagmites " and " Stalactites, " many of them singular in form and variety. In Washington Hall are two, named " Lady W"asliington's Hood " and " Washington's Epaulet;" and beyond these are "The Harp," and numberless others. At the head and foot of the lake there are two large stalagmites, the former large enough to fill the entire body of the cave, which has made it necessary to excavate an artificial passage around it. These are among the most wonderful formations in the cave, and of particular interest to the geo- logical and scientific student. We are only able to mark out the route in this hasty manner. To speak of all the objects of interest would draw us aside from the pur- pose of a general guide. The " Cave House " is a fine hotel, recently erected at the mouth of the cave, and the wants of the tourist and ex- plorer will be carefully attended to. Every one should visit Howe's Gave, and see these real Arabian Night beauties, so near the capital of the Empire State. The next station is Cobleskill, forty-five miles from Albany. This rich and fertile valley was called by the Indians Ots-ga-ra-ga. The village is thriving and flourishing. Smith's " National Hotel " is one of the best on the route, and decidedly the best in the place. This is also the junction of the Cherry Valley Branch, which passes through Hyndsville, Seward, and Sharon Springs. Sharon Spkings is one of the oldest and most satisfactory summer resorts. The village is splendidly located — as we said years ago, on our first visit — in a valley on a hill. The streets are well shaded. There are nine large hotels, always full. One of the pleasantest of these — in location and every point of comfort — is the " Union," a cut of which is here given. The cool and shaded verandahs, the large and well-fur- 90 nislied rooms, and every laxury in its season, combine to make it a pleasant place to sj^end a summer season. The picturesque scenery of Sharon and environs, and the beautiful park promenades and drives, have made this summer resort one of the most frequented in the United States. The Sulphur, Magnesia, and Chalybeate Springs have a fine reputation for the cure of cutaneous diseases. Since the completion of the Branch Railroad from CobleskiU it is very easy of access, — only two hours from Albany ma the pleasant drawing-room coaches of the Albany and Susquehanna Department. UNION HAXL, SHARON SPEINGS, N. Y. Charles Schwarz, Proprietor. Cheeey Valley. — The next station to Sharon is Cberry Valley, a pleasant town in the northeast corner of Otsego County; a-nd from this point a stage-line connects with Eichneld Springs, ^nd its. long-estab- lished and popular hotel, the "American House." Returning to CobleskiU we pui'sue our route westward on the main line of the Albany and Susquehanna; and we pass through Richmondville, lying in a val- ley on our left; then East Worcester, Worcester, Schenevus, and Mary- land, to the junction of the Cooperstown and Susquehanna Valley Railroad for Portlandsville, Milford, Clinton, Phoenix, and Cooperstown, one of the pleasantest villages in New York, and one 91 of the classic points of our country. It is situated on the shore of Otsego, a beautiful lake, ■woithy of being the fountain-head of the bright flowing Susquehanna. Every one who has read ' ' The Deer- slayer " or " The Pioneer " knows something of its beauty. The name Otsego signifies " friendly gi-eeting, " from the fact that a small rock near the shore was a rendezvous where the tribes were wont to assemble; and its name is still significant to the touiist and traveler, for the *' Cooper House " is indeed a place of "friendly greeting," and has for its motto the old Scotch proverb, " Welcome the coming, and speed the S a l\ ilTl B h n COOPER HOUSE, COOPEESTOWX, N^. T. {Foot of Otsego L:ikf.) Coleman & Maxwell, Proprietors. parting.'' In the hands of its j)resent pojiular proj^rietors — William B. Coleman, of the "New York Hotel," and Albert Maxwell, late sui^erin- tendent of the "Union Chib," — it has won the first position as a place of summer resort. The hotel is, in every particular, one of the finet't. and best-furnished in the United States. It stands on the highest ground in the village — 80 feet above the lake, 1200 feet above the sea — and is surrounded by a fine park of over seven acres, handsomely planted with shade-trees; and with croquet, ball, and archery grounds within the inclosure. The internal arrangements of the house are com- plete with all the modern improvements, including bells, gas in every room, hot and cold baths, &c. There are also desirable cottages, containing six, twelve, and twenty- two rooms each. The surroundings of Cooperstown are delightful in every particular, and there are fine drives in every direction. Mount Vision, a little to the north, overlooks the village; and still further to the north is Pros- pect C'liff. Otsego Lake, like Lake Mahopac, is literally surrounded with beauty; and, like Irvington or Tarrytown, Cooperstown is one of the literary Meccas of our country. It is the place to read the works of Cooper; for, in reading them, we are here surrounded by the same inspiration which produced them. In his ' •' Deerslayer " we have the finest description of the lake and surrounding hills. " On a level with the point lay a broad sheet of water, so placid and limpid that it re- sembled a hed of the pure mountain nfifmosp^ere compressed into a setting of hills and woods . At its northern or nearest end it was bounded by an isolated mountain; lower land falling ojff east and west, gracefully relieving the sweep of the outline; still the character of the country was mountainous; high hills or low mountains rising abruptly from the water on quite nine-tenths of its circuit. But the most striking pecu- Harity of the scene were its solemn solitude and sweet repose. On all sides, wherever the eye turned, nothing met it but the mirror-like sur- face of the lake, the placid view of heaven, and the dense setting of woods. So rich and fleecy were the outlines of the forest, that the whole visible earth, from the rounded mountain-top to the water's edge presented one unvaried hue of unbroken verdures." The same points still exist which "Leather Stocking " then saw. There is the same beauty of verdure along the hills, and the sun still glints as brightly as then the ripples of the clear water. There are some things that are constant even upon earth, and surely the unchanging stars should have a changeless mirror! Cooper himself says in the preface, "Even the points exist, a little altered by civilization, but so nearly answering to the description as to be easily recognized by all who are familiar with the scenery of this particular region." 93 Hotel Fenimore, The hotels of Cooperstown are loyal in name to the writer who has made his home iOustrious, and the new hotel com- l)leted in 1873, very hapily completes, in its christening, the name of Fenimore Cooper. The building is a most substantial structure of brick and stone, and newly and completely fui-nished throughout. It contains all modern conveniences, and in all essentials for comfort is unsurpassed by any hotel on our route. It is lighted with gas, heated with steam, has electric bells, a steam laundry, and an unlimited supply of pure wa- hoteij fenimore. JAMES BUNYAX, PROPRIETOR. ter. The Union TelegTaph is in the hotel. The beautiful lake which we have just described is within one minute's walk of the hotel, with opportunity for yachting, rowing and fishing. The new steamboat named after the great hunter, "Natty Bumppo," w'ill run three times a day during the season, touching at Three Mile 94 Point, Five Mile Point, and Springfield landing, connecting with a new line of stages at the head of the lake, for Eichfield Springs ; this makes a route of pleasant interchange between the guests of Cooperstown and Richfield Springs. From freqaent experience we can testify to delight- ful excui'sions on this beautiful lake. The walks about the hills are very attractive, and we venture to say that the cemetery has a finer location than any in the country. There are many elegant residences in the village ; the house and grounds of Mr. Edward Clark are noted throughout the State. To use the words of the old i)roverb, the town is at once "healthy, wealthy, and wise, ' and it will be profitable for every tourist to use the words of Mr. Seward's oration of July 4:th, 1840, "Ihave desired to see for my- self the valleys of Otsego, through which the Susquehanna extends his arms, and entwines his fingers with the tributaries of the Mohawk, as if to divert that gentle river from its allegiance to the Hudson." Eichfield Spmngs, Of all routes to this popular summer resort, there is none so picturesque and pleasant as this ma Cooperstown and Otsego Lake. Of course persons in a hurry will take a drawing-room coach at the New York Grand Central Depot, and in eight hours with- out change of cars find themselves on the pleasant verandas of the " Spring House." This Hotel, the finest in Richfield Springs, is now in the liands of Mr. Proctor, one of the proprietors of Baggs' Hotel, Utica. Returning now to the main line of the Albany and Susquehanna Rail- road, we can pursue our western journey through Collier's and Em- mons', to Oneonta, one of the most stirring villages on the route. The next station is Otego. From this point stages connect with the pleasant village of Franklin, passing through Wells' Bridge, Unadilla, Sidney (with its branch road to Delhi), Afton, and Harpersville, we come to the Tunnel, 127 miles from New York. Then passing through Osborn Hol- low and Port Crane, we come to Bingham ton, and complete the equila- teral triangle — New York, Albany, and Binghamton. It is a flourishing city of 16,000 inhabitants, and has complete railway connections with the Erie, the Delaware, Lackawana and Western, and Syracuse and Bingham- ton railways. The best hotel is the " Spaulding House, " only a short distance from the depot. 95 BALLSTON SPA ARTESIAN LITHIA SPRING. The water of this remarkable Spring is shown by analysis to be twice as rich in vabiable Remedial Agents as any otlier water found in Saratoga County, and to surpass in excellence all the Waters found in other parts of the United btaies. Flowing from a depth of six hun- dred and fifty feet, through a tube bored into the solid ruck, it is not diluted or contaminated by surface water, as is generally the case with shallow springs. Its medical properties partake of the most celebrated Springs of the world, and in fact combine the ingredients of ail the principal ones in Eiin^pe and America. It is very strongly impregnated with that viiliuible miner< o o « Z ^ o •-* -t H Z LLl DC CO h- ^ ^ o 2 _J ^ ^ LU !?. O ^ 1^' I ^ (f> g LU cc o o go from this point to the Old Forge and Moose Eiver lakes, where the finest of fish and plenty of game are fonnd. Lyons Falls is forty-six Miles from Utica, upon the border of the Great Forest. LowviLLE, sixty miles from Utica, "is one of the most beautiful vil- lages in Northern New York, situated in the midst of a fertile and well cultivated country. It has large and commodious Hotels, shady streets and delightful drives. From this point it is 18 miles by a good road to Fenton's, a good hotel in the famous John Brown's Tract. Fishing and hunting abound, and from Fenton's, sportsmen voyage in boats scores of miles through rivers and beautiful lakes situated in the heart of an unbroken wilderness." Caethage, seventy-four miles from Utica, is celebrated for its water power at junction of the Carthage, Waterto'WTi and Sackett's Harbor Road, within forty-five minutes of Waterto\\Ti. Clayton is one hundred and nine miles from Utica, a delightful place on the St. Lawrence, with good hotel accommodation. Kingston is twenty-three, and Alexandria Bay twelve miles distant. All boats up and down the St. Lawrence stop at Clayton. The Thousand Islands, eighteen hundred in reality — extend about forty miles, and vary in size from a few feet in diameter to three hun- dred acres. The general average, we would say, is about one or two acres, all beautifully shaded and wooded. The idea of building on these islands was first conceived by Mr. George Pullman, of palace-car fame, who, some ten years ago, purchased one of these islands, and erected thereon a temporary cottage. In the summer of 1870, Mr. Henry R. Heath, of New York City, and Mr. Charles S. Goodwin, of Oneida, New York, purchased the first island situated below Pullman Island, and known as Nobby Island, from a large rock near the water's edge resembling the knob of a door. In the summer of 1871 they erected a modern Gothic cottage, with docks, flag-staff, &c. , a cut of which' is here given. Now the islands, on every side, are being im- proved and built upon. The Thousand Islands is a pleasant spot in our memory. Here, in the summer of 1873, we lingered for three days at "Nobby," and our thoughts were full of "poetry, and such," all the time. We thought Oi Miranda, although she wasn't along ; of Enoch Ai'den ; Alexander Selku'k ; Helen Douglas, and twenty other island homes. There is probably no river or lake in the world more romantic and delio-htful than this section of the St. Lawrence; and we imagine these islands furnish a good foundation for a rural Venice. During the sum- mer of 1872, President Grant and family, General Phil. Sheridan, &c., were domiciled nearest neighbors to Nobby Island. NOBBY ISLANB. The Crossmon House is the pleasantest, best kc^t, and most pojDular hotel at Alexandria Bay, in fact the pleasantest on the St. Lawrence rivor from Lake Ontario to Montreal. It has accomodations for over 80J guests, is lighted throughout with gas, supplied with pure river water ( as poetic as that of Lake Katrine, which sujiplies the city of Glasgow,) with electric bells, and admirably finished from rocky foun- dation to mansard roof. The excellence of its table has been known for 30 years, when it was only a fishing resort " A cottage by the Bay." Tom Moore's Canadian Boat Song '' Row Brothers row," and several minor poets have localized many an island, from "Harts," to the "Devil's Oven." 104 Eeturning to Utica from our pleasant excursion to Trenton Falls and the Thousand Islands, we resume our western route, passing through Borne, Oneida, Chittenango, and Manlius, to Syeacose, 14S miles from Albany, the most flourishing and enterpris- ing town of central New York. The Vanderbilt House, a cut of which is here given, is the finest hotel in the city. It is centrally located, and first-class in all its appointments, popular a- like with toarist and business traveler. Syracuse is the center of the VANDEEBZLT HOUSE. JOHN L. COOK, JOHN L. COOK, JR.. AND AUSTIN D. COOK, PKOPRIETORS. salt interest of the State. The principal railroad connections are with Binghamton and Oswego. Here also the New York Central Bailroad diverges, familiarly known as the old and new roads ; the old road passes through Geneva, connecting with steamer for Watkins' Glen, the new road passes through Clyde, Lyons, and Palmyra, meeting again at BocHESTEK, 229 miles from Albany, the finest city of Western New York, and, in many particulars, the finest in the State. As we come into the city we cross the Genesee river, just above the Genesee Falls, where Sam Patch made the last extempore efibrt of his life. The Genesee has a fine water power, and the falls once famished successful inspiration to one of Daniel Webster's celebrated speeches. The best hotel is the 105 "Osbom House," centrally located, in fact it has a reputation second to none from New York to Chicago. Passing through Brockport, Al- bion, Medina, and Lockport, we come to Suspension Bridge, 304 miles from Albany, the first great enterprise of the New World ; for, without being personal, there was certainly "a great gulf fixed ' ' between the United States and Canada, until one day a little kite-string drew a wire across the chasm, and the wire grew and multiplied until the spider-like art hung a thousand tons in equipoise. Two miles now bring us to Niagara FALiiS, and, making our way through throngs of porters and carriages, whose clamor drowns evexn the roar of the waters, we soon '■'•niijiiu nil INTERNATIONAL HOTEL. G^LE & FULLER, PROPRIETORS. find ourselves safely and quietly located in the pleasant rooms of the ''International," — appropriately named, for scenery like Niagara, even if Canada were a part of our country, could never belong to one nation or people. It is Intematixynal. It belongs to the world. This hotel, under the supervision of James T. Fulton, has won a wide reputation for civility and attention to travelers. During the last winter it has passed into the hands of Mr. Daniel Gale, whose reputation is almost world-wide as the original proprietor of the Fort William Henry Hotel, Lake George. It is the largest and io6 most pleasantly situated at Niagara, having ample accommodation for over five hundred guests. It has been thoroughly re-fitted, and is im- surpassed for comfort, location, and scenery ; railroad, steamboat, and telegraph ofiices in the building. A fine cut of the building is here given, furnished by the courtesy of Mr. Henry Morford, whose hand- books on American and European travel are favorably known on eitber side of the Atlantic. We plso take pleasure in introducing the Spencer House to our read- ers, well known to Niagara visitors by many years of successful mauMge- ment. It has received from all parties the highest testimonials for ex- — " M.Y.BiJB£A{l Of liXuSTtiATlON-BUFf^La- SPENCER HOUSE. A. CLUCK, PROPBIETOB. treme neatness and excellence of table. Charles Dickens said he got the best roast beef here that he had found since leaving England. In fact, the hotel has been singularly fortunate in receiving encomiums fri m distinguished travelers. Wilkie Collins remarked, ''it was not a h(jtcl, but a home ; " and Clara Louisa Kellogg testifies to the excellence of the viands by always remaining over a day whenever she is in the vi- cinity of the falls. 107 Every room in the house, although new, has already its traditions of the maDj illustrious peoj)le who have sojourned therein. The house is open at all times of the year, and in the winter season large parties now come from Philadelphia and New York, sure of good care, and of taking Niagara at its best. The hotel is largely patronized by Philadelphia and Boston ; of late years many from New York have taken rooms. We are happy also to state that the proprietors of both of these hotels were among the first to inaugurate a new system of things at Niagara. Many people have been deterred from visiting Niagara by fear of impo- sition, and until this season their fears have been well founded : now, like Hamlet to the players, *' they have reformed it altogether. " The ti'ue friends of the business interests of Niagara have issued a paper, or journal, highly sj)oken of by the New York Press, known as the Ki((g<(ra Falls Ttegister, with Mr. S. S. Southworth manager. Visitors will find this on the cars before reaching Niagara, and will find a protecting in- terest in the columns of the paper, in fact, one column will be devoted to visitors, giving information what to see and what to avoid. During the last two years the surroundings of the falls have been greatly improved on the American side, and a fine park enclosed, and laid out in walks. It was quite the thing to do, and the improvement is worth more than the extra quarter the owner demands. It is now secure, even for children and absent-minded lovers. The walled battle- ments present safe stand-points which command the finest views. This project at first created quite a sensation among the nu*al peof>le near Niagara, but now it is universally conceded to be a gi'eat benefit, es^Decially to tourists and travelers who appreciate the comforts of civil- ized life. With this introduction we will now proceed to take a look at the -".cenery. The American Fall (900 feet across, 164 feet high) is ^tnly a short distance from the village. We have seen pictures of these falls, from Church's masterpiece to the hastily-engraved cut of a gTiide-book. We all have an idea how the falls look, but they never speak to us un- til we have looked over that deep abyss, and up the stream which ever rushes on, like an army to battle, and down the crowded chasm, 107 (a) where the black waters have worn their passage, through the silent, un- known centuries. Remember what they say to you, oh, hearer ! and as you look upon them the first time uncover your head a single mo- ment. The language is addressed to your soul. One-eighth of a mile below these falls is the new Suspension Bridge, the longest in the world — 1300 feet in length, the towers 100 feet high, and cables 1800 feet long. This carriage and foot- way was long needed, and now not only presents a fine view of the Falls from every stand-point, but affords the most convenient route to the views on the Canada side. It was opened to the public January 4tli, 1869. Goat Island, the natural Central Park of the Falls, is connected with the American side by a bridge. The area of the island is about sixty acres. In our hasty sketch we will, however, only name the places to be visited, leaving the description to the local guide books. The Cave of the "Winds, with its magnificent curtain of chrnging beauty, the Rainbow, the Whirlpool Rapids, reached by the Double Elevator. Terrapin Bridge and Prt)spect Tower, overlooking Horse Shoe Falls (about 1900 feet wide and 158 feet high). On the Canada side the principal points of interest are Table Rock and the broad Causeway, where one can feel all the glory of Niagara, and where Mrs. Sigourney wrote those ex- pressive lines — " God has set His rainbow on thy forehead, and the clouds Mantled around thy feet." Burning Spring is about a mile above Table Rock, near the river edge. Not far from this the battle of Chippewa was fought, July 5, 1814. And also, a mile and a half from the falls, is the battle ground of Lundy's Lane. The Suspension Bridge, two miles below, is a triumph in art; the Whirlpool is about a mile below this bridge. Many writers have attempted to describe Niagara, but in every description there is something lacking. We can give its dimensions, its height and breadth, and point out the places to be seen; but there is a Unity about Niagara which can only be felt. It makes one wish that Pavid could have seen it, and added a new chapter to the Psalms, It surely would not have io8 pf'f*'' > Q % W- M w O o g £/! rn H tJ- W o t?d >^ o > flO tzj t> O I— I > i2j CO Hi t) H been out of place in the chapter following ' ' The heavens declare the glory of God, the firmament showeth His handiwork." In hapj)y reminiscence the great English novelist has jperhaps written its best description: ''I think in every quiet season, now, still do these v/aters roll, and leap, and roar, and tumble, all day long. Still are the rain- bows spanning them, a hundred feet below. Still, when the sun is on them, do they shine and glow like molten gold. Still, when the day is gloomy, do they fall like snow, or seem to crumble away like the front of a great chalk cliff, or roll down the rock like dense white smoke. But always does the mighty stream apj)ear to die as it comes down, and always from the unfathomable grave arises that tremendous ghost of spray and mist which is never laid, which has haunted the place with the same dread solemnity since darkness brooded on the deep, and that first flood before the deluge — Light — came rushing on Creation at the word of God." From Niagara tourists may make the round trip to Montreal, Lake Champlain, Lake George, and Saratoga, or the still longer round tri^D to Montreal, the Green and White Mountains, and so to New York, via Portland and Boston. Tourists taking either of these trips have two routes to Montreal^^one via the Grand Trunk Raih'oad, the other via boat down the lake and St. Lawrence. The rapids and islands are in- teresting features of the route as we have already indicated in our des- cription of the Thousand Islands. TOURISTS WILIi FIKD The best Summer and Winter Stereoscopic Views of NIAGARA FALLS, AT MR. GEO. BARKER'S, Almost opposite the International Hotel. Fifteen Hundeed Distinct Views. Also, Indian Work and Curiosities. 109 Clevklaih). The pleasantcst route to the great West is, in onr opinion, the Hudson Eiver and the New York Central, and the Michigan and Li>ke Shore Eailroads, and the pleasantest city is Cleveland, Ohio. It was originally settled bj- persons from Is ew Haven, and we see the moth- er's beauty inherited by her fair daughter ; in fnct, the public squares and noble avenues are the finest in the land. The tourist should make this his resting-place on the vmj to Chicago, and take a di'ive on *'Eu- ^ii:r^ KENNARD HOUSE. • D. McCLASKY, PROrKIETOR. clid Avenue." This avenue is pionounced by many travelers the finest in the world. For two miles it presents -rn unbroken vista of all that is pleasant in trees, shrubbery, and architecture. The finest hotel is the Kennnrd House, a cut of which is here given, where the traveler will find everything for his comfort and convenience. It is a first-class house jn every particultir. The proprietor was for many years \\ith Mr. Roeselle, in the early days of the Delavan House, Albany, N. Y. no CHICAGO, I LL. ^AMBS CMTTBCn • . • • Bvoprietor. Cor. Lake and Dearborn Sts. Tlie l)est-conducted and most Pleasant House in theCit}^. Re-built since tlie Great Cliicai?o Fire, at the cost of $750,000. Tlie House contains over three hundred large, commodious rooms, with all the modern improvements, one half of which are en suite, with bath-rooms, closets, etc. , all furnished in the most elegant stjde. The offices, corridors, clul)-rooms, parlors, bridal chambers, and ladies' ordi- nary- are models of beauty in design, arrangement, and finish; while the dining- half, with its beautiful carvings in wood, massive mirrors, immense chandeliers, mur1)le floor, magnificent side-boards and elegant furniture, forms a scene of splendor not to be surpassed. Three elevators will be in constant operation to convey guests and baggage to anv floor of the house. Colored servants will V)e employed in the main dining- hall, "ordinary, and rotunda. The ofiice, bar, telegraph-oflSce, restaurant, bil- liard-room, news-stand, etc., are the most elegant in the City, and are all on the first floor. - In every particular it stands without a rival in the world. FEOM NIAGARA FALLS TO PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, AND WASHINGTON, VIA EOCHESTER, CANANDAIGUA, PENN-YAN, WATKINS' GLEN, ELMIRA, T^TLLIAMSPORT, AND HARRISBURGH. This route — from Niagara to Philadelphia and Washington — presents some of the finest scenery of New York and Pennsj'lvania; and makes SENECA LAKE. one of the best round trips to be taken in connection with the day-line of the Hudson and the route we have just indicated to Niagara. Tourists may also reverse the order, going direct from Philadelphia to Niagara and Watldns' Glen, and then to Albany and down the Hudson to New York. These beautiful giens — Watkins and Glenola, near the shores of Seneca Lake — have been poetically styled "a secluded mystery of no beauties which the elements have been for ages carving and decorat- ing. " No person, in fact, can be said to do New York State thoroughly without paying them a visit. During the last few years there have been many descriptive articles giving an idea of their general character; but, like all descriptions, they fall short in the expression. One of the best of these — at least in i^oint of brevity — was published in Scrihner^s, 1872; and we subjoin the following description of The Gle^t, or cabinet edition of a Colorado canyon: "Here we see THE GTiEN MOr'NTAr'N HOUSE. a placid pool, there a thundering waterfall, beyond a ribbon of foam, where the stream tears through a crooked rift in the rocks; then a series of rippling cascades, followed by long reaches of still water, so clear and glassy that one seems to look through the slaty bottom into an under world of fantastic forms — an inverted spiritual counterpart of the wonderful region round and above. Now the stream overspreads a broad channel, as level as a pavement; now it rushes through a nar- row sluice-way, and again sleeps in a chain of oval pools, the footprints III of waterfalls long since receded." These various x3oints are so rapidly and poetically referred to in the above quotation that it reminds one of the musical poem often read by elocutionists, "The way the water comcg down at Ladore." HECTOR FALTiS. The double fall of Hector, in the neighborhood, is well wortny of a summer day's excursion, " where a sti'eam much larger than any of the Glen streams, leaps into the lake over a quick succession of bold cliffs, falling two hundred feet or more in as many yards." From Wat kins' Glen our route will take us via Elmira to Minequa, with its noted Springs; and Williamsport, \\-ith its fine hotel,— the ' ' Herdic House. " 112 At Northumberland, forty miles soiitli of Williamsport, the north and west branches of the Susquehanna fneet. The north branch, jou will remember, takes its rise in Otsego Lake, at Cooperstown (referred to in our article on the route to Cooperstown, Sharon and Eichfield Springs), and is famous in poetry and history for the cruel tragedy of Wyoming, and the stirring scenes on its banks. You will also remem- ber Campbell's beautiful lliie — ** On Susquehanna's side, fair Wyoming." And now we pass the marriage of two poetic streams, where the *' blue Juniata " is willing to change her name, and, in maiden modesty, give all herself to her liquid Eomeo. Then, thirty-seven miles to Lan- caster, where Eobert Fulton, when a boy, made his fii'st paddle-wheels; and Thaddeus Stevens and Buchanan lived. Then sixty miles bring us to Bryn Mawr, a pleasant village in the suburbs of Philadelphia, with station and railway appointments suggesting an English landscape, and so to Philadelphia, with its pleasant streets, *'that re-echo the names of the trees of the forest." It is probably the most quiet and orderly city in the world for its size. Although it has a population of about 700,000, and possesses stirring business activity and enterprise, still the quiet genius of its great founder seems to reign supreme. The most pleasant, quiet, and convenient hotel is the "Colonnade House," John Crump, Proprietor, comer of Chestnut and Fifteenth Streets. The tourist can spend a number of days in Philadelphia with profit; and, in addition to its commercial activity, it has a decent and respectful reverence for an- tiquity — a quality in New York which seems to be honored in the breach lather than the observance. Old Lidependence Hall is a Fourth-of-July Oration in itself; as is the old bell, with its singularly prophetic inscription. The Pennsylvania Eaiboad has made this one of the most delightful routes; and we wish to acknowledge their courtesy in furnishing the cuts which illustrate this article. From Philadelphia the tourist will proceed on his route for Baltimore and Washington. 113 TROY CONFERENCE ACADEMY, POULTNEY, VERMONT. This Institution is located on the Rutland and "Washin.aton Railroad, sixty- eight miles fi'om Troy, N. Y., and eighteen miles from Hutland, Vermont. Poultnej' is a beautiful village, free from saloons and vicious places of resort. The Academj' prepares students for college, gives a full course to j-oung ladies, and, in every 'particular,, is strictlj' on a par with other New England Academies. The Terms are very moderate. A discount is made in favor of the children of Clergymen, and of young men preparing for the Ministry. The school year for 1875-6 begins September fst, 7875, For catalogues of information address the Principal, Rev. MARTIN E. CADY, A.M., PouLTXEY, Vermont. THE |^ongrfi»» and jfmptrc OF SARATOGA Are the best of all the Saratoga Waters for the USE OF Perso:n^s of Constipated Habit. They act promptly and pleasantly, without producing debility; and their effect is not weakened by continued use, as is the case with ordinary cathartics. At the same time they are not too cathartic, — a fault with some of our more drastic mineral waters, — but sufficiently so for daily healthful use, and not strong enough to produce reaction. As an alterative, these waters, by continued use, keep the blood in a very pure and healthful condition, producing a clear, florid complexion. They are especially beneficial in cases of habitual Bilious Headache, Dys- pepsia, and Constipation, and are sure preventives of all bilious disorders. Evert Genuine BoTTiiE of Congeess Water has a large *'C" raised on THE Glass. For Sale by Druggists and Hotels throughout the country. None Genuine Sold on Draught. At our General Mineral "Water Depot in New York all varieties of Natural Waters for sale at proprietors' prices, delivered free in New York, Brooklyn, and Jersey City. Orders by mail will receive prompt attention. Empties taken back and allowed for at liberal prices. Address, COIS^GRESS & EMPIRE SPRING CO., Saratoga Springs, N. Y., and 94 Chambers St., New York City. _^^* In connection with a recent Analysis of Congress Water, Prof. 0. F. Chandler remarks that "as a cathartic water, its almost entire freedom from iron should recommend it above all others." SAEATOGA, LAKE GEOEGE, AXD PIATTSBUEG. From Albany we take the Eensselaer and Saratoga Eailroad (division of the Delaware and SLidson Canal Company) direct to Saratoga, or by way of Teoy, at the head of tide-water, the enterj^rising city of the Hiiuson. In fact, it might be considered the live town of the river. In the year , =^1 - y -a' tit Ml \^ '.:M - Mi^ " TROT HOUSE. J. W. Stkakns, ProiM-ii tur. 17> :G, it was called Ferryliook. In 1787, Eensselaerwyck. In the fall of 1787, the settlers began to use the name of Vanderheyden, after the family w^ho owned a great part of the gi'ound where the city now stands. January 9th, 1789, the freeholders of the town met and gave it the name of Troy. As a natural sequence, the adjoining hills took the names of Ida and Olympus. The best hotel is the "Troy House," corner of First and Eiver Streets, near the steamboat dock, and only a few blocks from the dejDot. 115 -J It is now conducted by Mr. Taylor, wlio lias been connected for several years with the famous Massasoit House, Springfield. It is in the centre of the city, and tourists will find gentlemanly clerks and kind attention. Like Troy of old, this city flourishes in an "age of iron." The Bes- semer Steel Rail Works, in the southern part of the city, keep up a continual Fourth of July by a display of fireworks that are well worth an evening visit. The manufacture of stoves is also a large part of the business enterprise. We would call attention to the new Empire Heating Range of Swett, Quimby, & Perry, as something new and successful in the way of heating rooms, connected with a fine cooking- range. Troy has also the best reputation for making elegant marbleized mantles. The extensive works of C. W. Billings are situated on the corner of Hutton and North Third Streets; and here we can trace the progress of a slab rough from Hydeville through various manipulations, until it becomes in fact "a thing of beauty." The finest residences in our country are being furnished with mantles of his manufacture, Henderson's Hot- Air Furnace is also manufactured in Troy, by Shavor & Henderson, 66 Sixth Street ; considered the finest in the United States. Water's Paper Boats are also here made, winners of* a hundred races,. The population of Troy is over 50,000, and rapidly growing. The falls of the Poestenkill are in a romantic ravine, within thirty minutes' walk of the Troy House. This stream and the Wynantskill furnish a good water-power. The Union Depot is a fine building; and three railroads centre here — the Hudson River, the Rensselaer and Saratoga, and the Troy and Boston. Taking the Rensselaek and Sabatoga RAiiiHOAD, we cross the Hudson and Green Island, the birthplace of Morrisey, and we believe once used as a camping-ground by General Gates. We pass through the long street of Waterford, and leave Cohoes on our left, a manufacturing town which received its name from the falls of the Mohawk, one of the mouths of which here empties into the Hudson. Its Indian name is said to sig- nify the ** Island at the Falls." We pass through Mechanicville, near the historic fields of Stillwater and Bemis Heights; Round Lake Station, with its summer village and camp-meeting privileges, and come to Baudston Spa, twenty-five miles from Troy, a pleasant watering- ii6 place, altliougH under the immediate shadow of Saratoga. The best hotel is the "Sans Souci." \Ye lately came across an article in Harper^s Magazine, published twenty years ago, which gives a gorgeous description of the youth and beauty that were there assembled; and we were more surprised at the fact that we had a summer hotel that had existed twenty years, than when we met soon after a reference to one of the German Spas in the lines of Spenser's "Faery Queen." The BAiiiiSTON Ap.tesian Lithia Speing is everywhere noted, and re- commended by medical and scientific men as containing the most valu- able j)roperties of any spring in our country. The analysis is given in full on another page. It is said that the grandfather of the Hon. Stephen A. Douglas built a log house in Ballston in the year 1792, for the accommodation of invalids. From Ballston there is a Schenectady Branch Railroad, which mate- rially shortens the distance for those en route to Niagara, Sharon, or points west. Seven miles more bring us to Saratoga Springs, thirty-two miles from Troy, and one hundred and eighty-two from New York. SARATOGA SPRINGS. In our hafity sketch of watering-places and the routes thereto, this great summer resort of our country ought to be printed in large capital letters. The heading deserves a full line of itself, instead of being crowded into a left-hand corner of a page of type — and it shall have it. In other words, Saratoga is something more than a paragraph, or Barnum would have wheeled it across the continent thirty years ago. Comi)ared "with the Sj^rings, other watering-places are mere commas, semi-colons, or, at the most, colons; but this punctuation-point in j)leasure-travel is a full stop. It is, in fact, a place which every one likes to visit once in a lifetime, and most people once a year. It pleases a philosopher because it is the best place on the continent to study human nature. It pleases the young gentleman and lady of flirting propensities, because they can easily find hearts and heads as 117 Boft and res23onsive as their own. It pleases the managing mother, be- cause she has a field for diplomacy which would puzzle a Richelieu or a Bismarck. It pleases the sporting gentleman, because he has an op- portunity of disi^laying his interest or losing his principal in a fashion- able horse-race. It j^leases the invalid, for this has been to many a genuine fountain of health. In short, it presents to every condition and character something to be enjoyed; and each class soon attracts its own companions. PAEK OF THE GRAND UNION HOTEL. J. H. BRBSLIN & CO., PROPRIETORS. This cut only faintly suggests the finest park of the finest hotel in the world, but it will give some idea of the cool and shaded walks en- closed by this magnificent structure. Since its enlargement and completioji, during the last season, it is the largest hotel on the continent, and by fur the most convenient and symmetrical in de- iig sign. There are over two "hundred and fifty suites, with bath-rooms and all conveniences. The whole house iias been newly furnished. Its graceful verandas, always cool and shaded ; its magnificent park, filled with trees of twenty years' growth ; its Opera Hall directly oppo- site; its cheerful cottages; its airy and beautiful office, with dome rising eighty feet above the marble pavement, with a terrace overlook from every floor ; its splendid dining room, all combine to render this one of the most charming hotels in the world. It is, moreover, on the right side of the street, fronting the east, and free from the afternoon sun. The grounds and buildings cover a space seven acres in extent, and the hotel presents a street frontage of 1,364 feet. We have already given a view of the inclosed park, but it is impossible to convey by any re- presentation, an idea of the fairy-like beauty when the trees bloom with many colored lamps, when the grounds are filled with " visions of lace," and every heart is responsive to the gentle power of music. Its capacious drawing rooms and dining halls have been newly adorned and frescoed, and its destiny is secure in the hands of its x^opular pro- prietors, J. H. Breslin & Co. United States Hotel. This hotel, erected on the site of the old ' United States," is a mammoth and stupendous structiu*e. It was com- menced in 1873. We see it as we approach the station, with its long line of cottages on one side, and its long wing on the other, reaching almost to the railroad track as if standing with open arms, awaiting the tourist and traveler. In the June number of the College Spectator, published at Saratoga Springs, there is a full description of its stupen- dous proportions, from which we quote the following: " The building occupies a plot of ground of seven acres in extent, in the form of an irregrdar pentagon. It has a frontage on Broadway, of two hundred and thirty-two feet, six inches, and a frontage of five hundred and three feet on Division street, also a frontage of one hundred and fifty-three feet on Railroad Place. The architectural features of the main build- ing, present the Norman style of architecture. The grknd ball room is located in the second story of the railroad front, fifty feet wide, by one hundred and twelve feet long. The main building is six stories in height, the sixth story being the mansard roof." Although Saratoga I20 2 w ^ is naturally a sandy place, this hotel, every foot of it, is "founded on a rock," and has in every sense one of the finest foundations in the world, resting on the solid Silurian formation of its old reputation, and on the successful management of Tompkins, Perry, Gage & Janvrin. The Hotel enterprise of our country rather surprises even a Euro- pean traveler. And, in fact, it is a marvel to find a city of hotels in a country so new as the United States. This building is a fit type of ihs growth of our country, and speaks well for a Centennial of prosi^erity. With such enterprise, wealth, and foresight directing the affairs of Saratoga, this watering place has no occasion to fear the future. It is the morning of her history; " For we are ancients of the earth, And in the morning ot our times." The Ameeicait House is also on Broadway, located in the pleasantest and liveliest part of Saratoga, between the United States and the Grand Union. It can accommodate between three hundred and four hundred guests, and has won a wide reputation for its complete and satisfactory management under its prompt and gentlemanly proprietor, Mr. Wil- liam Bennett. The American is kept open the entire year, and at all seasons is a favorite of traveling people. The Columbian HoTEii is also on Broadway beyond the Grand Union, just south of the Grand, and is one of the coziest and neatest Hotels in Saratoga. Its fine front forms one of the grand chain of Hotels, reach- ing from the west end of the United States to the Clarendon. It looks off on Congress Park, one of the prettiest features of Saratoga. Brooklyn and New York almost of themselves fill the Columbian every season. Captain Dodge was formerly a Brooklyn man, and has many friends of the right stamp. The CiiAKENDON, stands on a beautiful elevation, clothed, as it were, "in white garments," and forms a beautiful terminus to this long line of "brick," reaching from the station to the hill. We regret that we have not a cut of the building, as it is one of the finest of the congerie. Under its popular and gentlemanly proprietor, Charles 122 E. Leland, of the "Delavan House," Albany — it has attained the first position in reference to an aristocratic and select class of guests. The celebrated Washington Spring is inclosed in the pleasant gTounds con- nected w-ith the hotel. ^ Strong's Remediaij Institute is the finest health resort in our country and is not only a Christian home for the sick, but also a grand DRS. STEONG's KEMEDIAIi INSTITUTE. centre for wealthy, literary, and Christian people. It is the annual summer resort of the Rev. Dr. Cuyler, Robert Carter, and ex-Governor Wells, of Virginia. The most marked featm-es are its homogeneous society, its social life, and its musical entertainments. The proprietors— Drs. S. S. and S. E. Strong— have become so 123 celebrated in their various specialties tliat leading physicians all over the country recognize the fact that many chronic cases can be treated more effectually in an institution having special appliances than in or- dinary practice, and are sending more and more such cases to them for treatment. The senior proprietor has been spending the winter abroad in Paris and in London, giving special attention to the latest researches of the French and English physicians. The house is open all the year, and has no appearance of invalidism. TEMPLE GEOVE SEMINAKY (STREET FRONT). Temple Grove Seminary has a delightful location on what was once called Temple Hill, in the eastern part of the village. The institution is under the efficient management of Charles F. Dowd, A.M., a graduate of Yale College, and well known to the educational world as conducting one of the best Young Ladies' Seminaries in the State. The cuts here given present a fine view of the building. The grounds comprise about one and a half acres, and are covered with a grove of over one hundred native forest trees. 124 During the winter Saratoga combines all the advantages of a city with the quiet of a country toT\Ti; for, although the public works and beautiful avenues were constructed mainly for the benefit of summer visitors, they are none the less to the advantage of those who live here in the quiet possession of them from September to June. During the rush of the vacation months, Temple Grove is turned into one of the most delightful summer resorts in Saratoga, and combines the advan- tages of a commanding position, large and weU-shaded grounds, and within five minutes' walk of the Springs. From the Seminary observa- TEMPLE GROVE SEMINARY (gEOVE STDE). tory one gets a fine view of the surrounding country for miles in every direction. From the Saratoga Sun, edited by our friend Mr. A. S. Pease, we clip the following: — ** Among the institutions of which Saratoga has just reason to be proud is Temple Grove Seminary. Under the excellent and skillful management of Professor Dowd, this Seminary has attained not only a State but a National eminence. Among the pupils are young ladies from all points of the United States, and the reputation of the Semi- 125 nary is steadilv increasing. Tlie scholarship of the graduates of Temple Grove has for several years been of marked excellence. No department of mental or general culture seems to be neglected, but everything that contributes to a perfect education is carefully regarded by the Principal, and inwrought, as it were, into the character of the pupil. Not only is Professor Dowd to be congratulated on his notable success, but Sara- toga Springs possesses no institution of which she ought to feel more proud or prize more highly than Temple Grove Seminary." The most prominent Springs in and about Saratoga, and those best known for the excellence of their mineral properties, are the Con- gress, the Empire, the High Eock, the Star, the Excelsior, and the Gej^ser. CoNGBESS Spbing "was discovered in 1792, by a party of gentlemen who were engaged in hunting in the vicinity. One of these gentlemen was an ex-member of Congress, from Exeter, New Hampshire, and the name of Congress was complimentarily bestowed. Since then, its name has become familiar in every civilized country. The old picture of the Spring, as it appeared in 1816, presents a great contrast to the present pavilion and surroundings of Congress Park. It has a decided ad- vantage in being handy to the various hotels; but we would cite the following incident as a gentle caution to rashness and new arrivals. It was attributed to John G. Saxe, in the summer of 1872. A lady return- ing from the Spring one morning, met the poet and said, with great gusto, '"Good morning, Mr. Saxe; I have just drank six glasses of Congress Water." — His response was at once kind and expressive: '•'Don't let me detain you, madam. ' The Empire Sprts'g is situated near the base of a high limestone bluff, about three-fourths of a mile from the Congress Spring. It was called, for a long time, the New Congress, as its general qualities closely resemble the Congress; but it has lately attracted the attention of medical men, as it possesses valuable i:-roperties which are adapted to the successful treatment of lung complaints. The High PiOCk is the only spring in Saratoga which seemed inde- pendent of tubing and masonry, and ages ago built a curb for itself. It 126 was tlie first discovered, and was a deer resort long before Saratoga was made liappy by a hotel. The first white man on record who tasted these waters was Sir William Johnston, in the year 1767. Our cut fur- nishes a good aboriginal idea of Saratoga and its great healing rock in the wilderness. The mound is about three or four feet high, and is certainly a great curiosity. The geologist and the chemist find here a subject for reflection and analysis, and it carries them far back into a SAEATOGA HIGH KOCK, 1767. pre-historic past. It is, indeed, a venerable mound; but the water still bubbles up as brightly as when the bursting of its gas-cells broke only on the stillness of the wildwood. One thing is certain — there is more poetry in High Kock than any other fountain in the country. It has been known for centuries as the *' great medicine spring;" and many of those who to-day gather under its pleasant pavilion, give it the pr^er- ence over later rivals. Jeysek Spring, the great natural curiosity of Saratoga, is about one mile and a half from the x^rincipal hotels of Saratoga ; a pleasant ride,, either by carriage or a line of stages which run every half-hour for the accommodation of visitors. This spring was discovered in February, 1870, and developed by experimental drilling in the solid rock. The vein was struck by the drill in the bird's-eye limestone, one hundred and thirty-two feet beneath the surface rock, and the water immediately commenced spout- ing at the surface, being forced up by the pressure of its own carbonic acid gag, spouting, through an inch nozzle, to the height of thirty feet. The grounds about the Geyser Spring are very beautiful. Nature has been bountiful in good gifts, and art and taste have developed a fine X)ark ,of well-shaded and delightful walks. The Geyser Lake, close at hand, is over one mile in length, and covers about sixty acres. The park to which we have referred coritains thirty acres, with ravines, ter races, and a very handsome waterfall of twenty-two feet, in fact, a nice place to read a novel, talk with a friend, or while away a summer day. This Spring is now one of the best-known in Saratoga, and is very pop- ular in our cities, as it sends its water in barrels, and is drawn at drug- gists' counters, retaining all its sparkle and vigor. The fact that it is loca ed one hundred and thirty -two feet beneath the sohd rock, renders it free from all impurities of surface water, which accounts for its uni- form taste and clearness. The projorietors of the Geyser are Messrs. Jacob M. Adams and Frank Jones. The ExcEiiSioE Spring is found in a beautiful valley amid picturesqr.e scenery, about a mile east of the town hall, near the center of Excelsior Park. A romantic walk conducts one to the spring, or we may approach it by Spring avenue, leading past the Mansion House, with its fine trees and beautiful lawn, and the water-works which supply Saratoga with water from Excelsior Lake. The Excelsior Spring has been appreciated for its valuable qualities by the oldest visitors for the last fifty years. Its bottling house is an interesting place to visit, and its underground vaults preserve the water alike from winter frosts, or summer heat. 132 Excelsior Lake, in the ''valley of the ten springs," — a beautiful sheet of water, with sloping banks adorned by lofty trees, also adds its charms to the place. The more elevated portions of Excelsior Park have been divided into large and small villa plots, many of which com- mand fine views of the mountains in Vermont and the Lake George Hills ; and we believe that the attention of the public has only to be called to the lots now offered for sale in Excelsior Park to make this beautiful spot soon vie with the environs of Newport in its villa homes and tasteful cottages. Points of Inteeest. — Saratoga has many places of interest in its immediate vicinity. Saratoga Lake, with its "legend;" and "Moon's House;" "Chapman Hill," Avith its charming view; Wagman's Hill, about three miles beyond; Haggerty Hill, six miles north of the village; and Lake Lovely, on the boulevard to Saratoga Lake. For further particulars we refer the tourist to the neat handbook of ' ' Saratoga, and How to See It," published by Mr. R. F. Dearborn, and sold at all the news-istands and Springs in the village. Adleondack: Compaq; y's Raileoad. — This route to the Adirondacks and Lake George is one of the most popular excursions to be taken from Saratoga. The traveler by this route passes through tiie romantic and picturesque valley of the Upper Hudson — through King's, South Corinth, Jessup's Landing to Hadley, the railroad station for Luzerne, a charming village at the junction of the Hudson and the Sacandaga. "Rockwell's Hotel " is known to all the sojourners and guests of Sara- toga as the place to secure a game dinner, a dish of trout, and a "taste" of the wilderness. Pursuing the railroad, we pass through Stony Creek to Thurman, thirty-six miles from Saratoga Springs, at the junction of the Schroon River and the Hudson, and the station for parties en route for Lake George or Warrensburgh. Stages connect for these points on the arrival of the train. This stage route to Lake George is over a fine plank-road, and the same in distance as the route from Glen's Falls. The next stations above Thurman are the Glen, forty-four miles; and Riverside, fifty miles from Saratoga. At Riverside persons leave the cars for Chester, Pottersville, Schroon Lake, and Johnsburg. 133 The Wells House, is situated at IVlill Brook, on the eastern shore of Schroon Lake, and is reached by coach from Eiverside (about seven miles) to Schroon Lake, thence in steamer Effingham, Captain P. S. Bussell, to Wells House landing, or by stage from Lake George via Warrensburgh to Thurman, or Glen station, Adirondock, K. R., thence to Riverside, etc. We have been furnished with a charming view of this pleasant hotel by one of our friends on the Hudson, who is elo- quent in praise of its delightful location and healthful climate. WELLS HOUSE, MILL BROOK, WARREN COUNTY, N. Y. Thomas Wells, Proprietor. This hotel is in immediate vicinity of the sporting country of the Adi- rondacks. From Park's mountain on the east, within one and a half miles ride, or one half mile walk, we see Mounts Marcy, McLityre, Nipple Top, Dix's Peak, McMartin, Sky-Light and others, from 4,200 to 5,467 feet altitude, also seven beautiful sheets of water. From Mount Pharaoh, only a few miles distant, the view embraces, in clear weather, the principal mountains, valleys, lakes and streams, from the 134 white peak of Mount Washington to the remotest peak of the north- western Adirondacks. The entire country is full of interest, and the Adirondack Raikoad opens up a country rich in mineral resources, and attractive in romantic and picturesque scenery. Rensselaee and Saratoga Railroad, continued. — Pursuing our northern route from Saratoga, we pass through Gansevoort and Moreau to Fort Edward; and the branch railroad brings us to THE BOCKWEIiL HOUSE, GIjEn's FAIiLS, N. Y. Glen's Falls, the flourishing and enterprising town of northern New York. The streets are finely laid out, and well shaded. The soldier's monument and new Music Hall testify to the taste, intelli- gence, and public spirit of the place. 135 THE EOCKWELL HOUSE we put in capitals ; it cannot be praised too much. No hotel in the State is more complete in its appointments, an^ no hotel has better management. The Rockwell Brothers are well known to tourists and travelers. City families are so well pleased with this model house that they often take rooms for many weeks of the ■w-ititer, and with good reason, for there is no healthier town in the State ; good sleighing almost always (except on the Fourth of July) ; in short, a most pleasant home and most reasonable terms. Con- veyances can be had at all times to Lake George, and stage-i leave morning and evening. Persons amving on the evening train thus have a good night's rest, and a pleasant morning ride to the Lake. Glen's Falls is surrounded by so much of historic interest and beautiful scenery that it demands even from the hui-ried traveler more than a passing glance. This is the central point, as it were, about which our great novelist grouped the scenes of " The Last of the Mohicans." A short distance from the village the Hudson River makes a descent of 72 feet in a succession of leajDS over rugged rocks ; and here is the famous cave so graphically described by Cooper. The width of the river at this i:)oint is about 900 feet. To Lake George. From Glens Falls a fine plank road passes through a beautiful counti;,. It is well built and always smooth, and seem.s like a highway to some city rather than an excursion route for summer travel. On the way we pass Bloody Pond, on the right, and a mouument to Col. Williams, on the left. Lake George is a ]:)lace where one goes with the idea of staying two or three days, and then — stays two or three wpeks. The charming scenery and cheerful Hotel (the Fort William Henry) present perhaps the strongest combination to be found iu our country of immediate beauty and comfort. Near the Hotel are the ruins of old Fort William Henry, telling a sad history of the past. About a mile to tlie south-east are the ruins of Fort George, It has been christened about as many times as the Hudson, and like the Hudson has retained its prosiest name. The Iroquois called it Audiata-rocte i^the lake that shuts itself in) ; by other tribes Canidere-oit (the tail of the Lake, as a part of Lake Champlain). Father Jaques, traversing it in 1646, during tlie festival of Corpus 136 Christi, called it Lac Sacrament. Sii- William Jolinson, serving his king with greater zeal than his country, styled it Lake George. Its most poetical name was Horicon — of uncertain origin, said to signify silvery water. Lake George combines various attractions. It has something of interest for every one, including a descriptive guide book published by S. R. Stoddard, which will make one feel happy all the way until he meets ''Baldwin :" iheyi his destiny is secure. Mr. Stod- dard has also published one on *' Ticinderoga,'' illustrated with ori- ginal dr£lwings. We call special attention to these guides, as they are a new departure in the right direction. Until recently, every guide of this section was written with blood: these have an inspirat on of beauty. PKIXCIPAL ISLANDS. Two miles down the Lake Tea Island, next Diamond ; Long Island, 12 miles from Caldwell; Dome Island, Kecluse Island. After Bolton Landing Ave come to " 14-mile Island ;" Shelving Rock on the east, and Tongue Mountain opposite. (These form the entrance to the Narrows. ) This is the most picturesque i^ortion of the Lake ; it is at this placo 400 feet deep. Sabbath Day Point, (where Gen. Aber- crombio landed, on his way to attack the French one Sabbath morning), Bluff Point, Odell IsTanl, Scotch Bonnet, Anthony's Nose, on the east; and Rogers' Slide on the west. ANOTHER ROUTE TO LAKE GEORGE. • We have indicated the route to Lake Georga via Glens Falls ; there is a new route now open, which we will indicate, prefacing it with the advice to tourists who make the lake their objective point, to go one way and return the other. Instead of changing cars at Fort Edward for Glens Falls the tourist proceeds north through Dunham's Basin, Smith's Basin, Fort Ann and Comstock's Landing, Whitehall, to Fort Ticonderoga, and takes steamer Minnehaha for Fort William Henry Hotel. Persons who go this route can return to Saratoga via Glens Falls, or vice versa, and in this way see the charming country on both sides of the lake. 138 . ,.5^,-jrr-', ^:^' .^^^., Awm: Mk i5sJ -^m^i -:-^ai| \m' %i ':^^' .Mi'- W > I,,, mm II 'I' .:l. lti|! -.i! I! ' I WHiTEHALii. The large village just passed through is "Whitehall, at the head of Lake Champlaiu. The surroundings are very romantic, and fine residences are perched on the rocks, and along the hillsides, re- minding one of a foreign town. This village is the center of a large lumber trade, and has a location quite like an infant Chicago at the head of Lake Champlain. Hall's Hotel is located, in the central and bu- siness part of the town ; a convenient house for persons traveling either on business or pleasure. A cut of it is here given. HAIili S HOTEIi, WHITEHAIilj. Hall's new Opera House is one of the finest in northern Ne v York, having a seating capacity of about 1,5C0. The route through Whitehall, via Fort Ticonderoga, connects at Fort Ti {as it is generally styled) with the Lake Champlain steamers for Bur- lington, Plattsburgh, Rouse's Point, and Montreal. There is also another route to the North from Whitehall, by rail di- rect to Montreal, via Rutland, Burlington, and St. Albans. As we are now on the lake subject we will speak first of 140 Lake CHA:MPLArN. This beautiful lake, 140 miles in length, lies be- tween the AcliroD flacks and the Green Mountains. After leaving Fort Ti we pass Crown point, with its ruins, the lake begins to expand, and nine miles brings us to Westport. Three miles onward we pass the beautiful village of Essex and the Four Brother Islands, where Arnold fought his jast battle with Carlton. We pass Shelbume Bay on the right, and almost in the track of the steamer rises a high, conical rock, — the "Great Eock Eeggio," celebrated in colonial annals, and believed to have been — long before the days of Chamx^lain — established by treaty as the boundary between the Mohawks and their hereditary enemies the Algon quins. Burlington is a beautiful city, having a tiue location, and one of the most popular hotels in Vermont — the "Van Ness House." This is the plcasantest place on the route to stop over. It is the pleasantest and largest city in Vermont, and the "Van Ness," with its popular pioprie- tors, Barber & Ferguson, is noted as the iinest resting-place on the way to the Adirondacks or Montreal. There are many tine trips to be taken from Burlington to Mount Mans- field, Cam(4's Hump, and Ausable Chasm. Some two or three years ago we passed a summer afternoon in this wonderful ravine, aiul have been trying to decide, ever since, which is the finer, the Ausable or Watkins' Glen. We met a gentleman, and scholar, who had visited most of the wild ravines of Switzerland, and he was enthnsiastic in say- ing the Ausable was the finest he had ever seen. Convenient steps, se- curely built, conduct one from ledge to ledge, terminating at last, hke a trip to Hades, in a small boat which glides down the stream and brings one face to face with the Devil's Pulpit. We refer to Plattsburgh in our iiracle on the Adirondacks, and we close our delightful trip up Lake Champlain by saying that the Champlain by daylight is a pleasant excursion. It connects at Ticonderoga for Lake George, each way ; at Whitehall with Eensselaer and Sarato.^a Eailroad ; Burlington with Vermont Central for Mount Mansfield and White Mountains : at Port. Kent for Keeseville ; at Plattsburgh for the Adirondack sporting region; at Eouse's Point for A Iburgh Springs, Mon- treal, Quebec, and Ogdensburgh. 141 LAKE GHAMPLAIM STEAMERS. The Fashionable Thoroughfare and Pleasure Route between New York and Montreal, VERMONT, CapU Geo. BushlotO. ADIRONDACK, " Wm. Anderson. CHAMPDAIN, " R J, White. A, WILLIAMS, " B. J, Holt. ^^ forming two lines daily (Sunday excepted) between Fort Ticonderoga and Rouses Point. CONNECTIONS : At Fort Ticonclerog'a, with trains of Kensselaer and Saratoga Kail- road, for Lake George, Saratoga, Troy, Albany, New York, and all Southern and Western points. At Burliii;;-toii, with trains of Vermont Central Eailroad, for all Eastern points, and the Mountains of Vermont and New Hampshire. At Port Keiit^ with stages for Keeseville. At PlattsB>ijrs"li, with trains of New York and Canada Eailroad, for the Hunting and Fishing localities of the Saranac Lakes and the Adirondack Wilderness. At Rocif^C^ Point, wnth trains of 0. & L. C. and Grand Trunk Rail- ways for Ogdensburg, Montreal, Quebec, and all points in Northern Nev/ York and Canada. 7^" Tickets and information furnished at the principal agencies of the Erie, New York Central, Hudson Eiver, and Grand Trunk Eailroads, in New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, St. Louis, Chicago, Niagara Falls, Montreal; also at the Home Office of the Hudson Eiver Day Line, and on board the Hudson Eiver steamers, and at the principal stations of all connectiug lines. The Steanaers composing the Line are, as they always have been, models of excellence, neatness and comfort, combining all modern improvements, and every attention is paid by their officers to the patrons of the route. A. L. INMAlSr, G-eneral Sup't. MONTREAL AND THE ST. LAWRENCE RAPIDS. From Whitehall, as we before stated, there are two routes to the north, one of which we have just sketched: the other now awaits our consideration. The '' Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad," after leaving Whitehall, bends to the east, and passes through the villages of Fairhaven and Hydeville, with their ^^•ell-known slate quarries. The one near the depot at Fairhaven, is conducted by Mr. R. C. Colburn; and the one at Hvdeville, by the Forest Mining Company. Hydevdlle is pleasantly situated. Lake Bomoseen affords good fishing, and is only a mile from the village. Passing thi'ough Castleton and West Rutland, we come to Rutland, 214: miles from New York. This is the centre of the great marble-trade, and the railroad centre of Vermont. The pleasant and j)opular hotel, the "Bard well House," is handy to the station, and is well known throughout New York and New England for its generous and hospitable management. There are pleasant drives in every direc- tion, especially the route to the Clarendon and the Middletoicu Healing Spring's. Taking the Rutland Division of the Vermont Central Railroad, we jjass north through Sutherland Falls, Pittsford, Brandon, Leicester Janction, and Salisbury, to MiDDLEBURY, -ftdtli its j^lcasaut hotel, the "Addison House." From this point there is a fine drive to Lake Dunmore. The next stations to the north are Brooksville, New Haven, and Vergennes — the oldest city in Vermont. We now pass Ferrisburgb, North Ferrisburgh, Charlotte, and Shelburne, to Burlington, which we saw in our last article, with its pleasant loca- tion on the lake. It rises in natural terraces, something like Newburgh, on the Hudson. From the college tower, or dome, a wide extended view is obtained of the city and lake, and the distant Adirondaeks; to the north the meadow lands of the winding Winooski; to t'::e east the Nose and Chin of Mount Mansfield. The summer visitor at Burlington v,'ill find himself within easy distance of a number of delightful resorts. 14s The "Van Ness House " is a fine hotel, central in location, with a nice outlook upon lake and mountain. It is the largest in Burlington, and will rank as one of the most convenient and thoroughly appointed VAN NESS HOUSE. D. O. Barber i"v: To., Proprietors. houses in New England. Eesuming our railway journey for the north, we pass through Essex, Milton, Georgia, and minor stations, to St. AiiBANS. — This village is situated about two miles from, and over- looks Lake Champlain. It is a iovm of about 7,000 inhabitants, and was made famous during the rebellion by a Canadian raid. It is a central point for jDcrsons eii route for Alburgh and Shelden Springs, and has a large and magnificent hotel — the "Welden House," — a cut of which is given on opposite page. Thomas Lavendei*, Proprietor. 146 m3^ ^^mm^^i- -^^^ -^^^ ^;^^# A view of the park is presented on the previous page, fronting the hotel; also the fine Railroad Depot, with the offices of the Central Vermont Railroad. For this view, and the following of " St. Albans from Prospect Hill," and the " Adirondacks from St. Albans' shore," we are indebted to the generosity and kindness of Mr. Albert Clarke, editor pi St. Albans Messenger. In the view from Prospect Hill we see Bellevue on the right, Aldis Hill in the centre, and a glimpse of Mis- sisquoi Bay on the left. Mr. Clarke has furnished the visitor to St. Albans with a very neat and comprehensive guide, copies of which may be had at the Welden House and news stands. Prom Aldis Hill, referred to in '' Norwood," we get a wide view of the lake. One beautiful Sabbath evening, we visited this commanding eminence; the sky, vith broken clouds, seemed like a sea crowded with golden islands, as if the lake itself were caught up and transfigured along the entire western horizon. The "children of the forest," who lived in eight of the Catskills and the Adirondacks, caught a truer revelation than many of our own generation, "Of the islands of the blessed, And the land of the hereafter." Every traveler whose route passes through St. Albans, ought cer- tainly to stop, if the day bo pleasant, and get a sunset view, which is now being known the entire country over. He will find a page of " Pic- turesque America," which needs no comment, and an illustration of these descriptive lines of Loch Katrine. " A burnished sheet of living gold, In all its length far-winding way Of promontory, creek, and bay, And islands that, empurpled bright, Floated amid the livelier light, And mountains that like giants stand To sentinel enchanted land." There are no finer sunsets in the world than at Burlington and St. Al- bans. From the top of the Van Ness House at Burlington, we once sav/ the beautiful bay, with its wide expanse reflecting on earth the glory of heaven, St. Albans is three hundred and forty-two miles from New 148 York by the route we have indicated, via the Hudson Kiver, Saratoga, Butland, and Burlington; two hundred and sixty-four miles from Bos- ton, and sixty-five miles south of Montreal. St. Albans is a natural centre to the tourist en 7'oute for Sheldon, Highgate,Alburgh Springs, etc. The Central Vermont Eailroad have a pleasant route to Ogdens- burgh, where a person can connect with steamers for Thousand Islands and return via St. Lawrence Eapids to Montreal. The Rapids. — The first rapid below Ogdensburgh is near Chimney Island; the next, the rapids of the Long Sault, nine miles in length. Here the river runs twenty miles an hour. Then the Coteau Kapids, below Grand Island; then the Lachine Rapids, below the town of La- chine, only nine miles from Montreal. AiiBUEGH Speings, is a pleasant resort for boating, shooting, and fishing, seventeen miles from St. Albans via this line. At Rouses Point connections are made with Lake Champlain steamers on the south, and Montreal on the north. Going north, via the direct line to Mon- treal, we pass through Highgate Springs, with its pleasant Franklin House, St. Johns, and towns of minor importance to MoNTKEAii, three hours run from St. Albans, four hundred and twenty miles from New York. It is situated on the south side of an island, thirty miles in length, and ten miles in greatest breadth. The tourist will first locate himself at the "St. Lawrence Hall," and put himself in substantial preparation for seeing one of the finest cities in the new world. This hotel is the largest and most central in the city, being capable of accommodating five hundred guests. It is always the home of his Excellency, the Governor General of Canada, during his visits to Montreal; and the United States Consul makes his resi- dence in the bouse. During the past winter, it has been entirely re- furnished, and several improvements made. In a word, it is the most fashionable and commodious in the city, and has the patronage of the best class of tourists and business men. Old guests will still recognize the pleasant countenances and superior management of Mr. C. B. Chadwick, formerly with Mr. Hogan; and Mr. J. T. Burkholder, for- merly of the Rossin House, Toronto. 150 Montreal has a pleasing appearance, and seems to be a happy city. It is well called the City of Churches. The Cathedral of Notre Dame, capable of seating from ten to twelve thousand people, with its twin towers and Gothic architecture, is said to resemble " our Mother Church," on the banks of the Seine. In one of these towers is a chime of bells ; in the other the largest bell on the Western Continent, The paintings in the Church of the Jesuits are magnificent. St. Pat- rick's and many others will repay a visit. Victoria Bridge is often ST. liAWKENCE HALL. F. Gerikkn, Proprietor. styled the eighth wonder of the world ; an iron tube two miles in length resting on twenty-four piers. Mount Royal, which gave its name to the city, is a fine drive, and commands extensive views of the St. Law- rence. We would also mention the McGill College University, Bank of Montreal, Mount Royal Cemetery, the Markets and fine stone Wharves, as interesting points to visit. Among the different mercan- tile establishments we may mention Savage, Lyman & Co. , Jewelers ; house established in 1818. Also the well known clothing house of Gibb & Co, the oldest establishment on the continent ; established 1775. There is a marked civility of Montreal citizens toward strangers, and every one comes away bringing with them something ichicJi is not duti- able, viz., the pleasantest of recollections. 152 THE GREEN MOUNTAINS. If any section of our country is appropriately named, that section is Vermont. Very few of the origidial thirteen States, and the later twenty-three, or the "daughters of the wilderness" pining for the Union, have names which mean anything in pai-ticular. Like Mr. WeUer's initial, most of the names have depended " wery much on the taste of the speller.'' A few carry with them a fragment of history, an Indian tradition, or a morsel of royal flattery. (Virginia, in memory of the Virgin Queen. Pennsylvania, in memory of a generous-hearted man. New York, in memory of the white rose of a triumphant house after the long struggles of York and Lancaster. Maryland, Louisiana, Carolina, also of individual interest. Massachusetts, Con- 154 necticut, Alabama, kc, of Indian origin). It was reserved for almost the extreme Northern and Southern State, Florida, the land of flowers, and Vermont, the land of mountains, to syllable their condensed char- acteristics ; no one will ever need to consult history to appreciate their significance ; and as Florida year by year becomes more and more the tendency of winter resort, so more and more Vermont calls the summer tourist to her beautiful valleys, clear streams and mountain shadows. From end to end extends a chain of mountains. Like a furrow turned up by the Titans, or a burial mound of giants, this immense ridge of green (from two to five thousand feet high) slopes on the west to the blue waters of Cham^Dlain, and and on the east to the fertile valley of the Connecticut. TVe propose in this hasty sketch to speak in the order following of Manchester, Clarendon Springs, Middletown Springs, Vergennes, Sto-we, and the "Wliite Mountains. MANCPIESTEE. The routes from New York and the South are via the Hudson Eiver steamboats, or Hudson River Raikoad, to Troy, and from Troy via Troy and Boston Railroad. From Saratoga nd Troy, and also vi't Rutland. From Boston vv/ Fitchburg, Bellows Falls and Rutland, or ria Boston and Albany Railroads to Chatham Four Corners, thence by Harlem Extension to Manchester, From Rutland i-i'i Harlem Extension Rail- road. From Burlington via Rutland and Harlem Extension. From St. Albans, Missisquoi Springs, Highgate Springs, Montjielier, Stowe, Xe^v]>ort, Plattsburg. and all points North, by Vermont Central Railroad or Steamers to Burlington, thence by Railroad to Manchester. From Middletown Springs, Clarendon Springs, White Mountains, Lake George, etc. , by Railroad from Rutland to Manchester. From St. Louis, Chicago, Niagara Falls,^ and all points West, by N. Y. Central Raih-oad to Troy, — Troy and Boston and Harlem Extension Railroads to Manchester, This village is nicely shaded, and has the finest promenades conceivable, being paved with slabs of white marble from the neigh- boring quarries. On Main street are situated the bank, the Congrega- tional church, the court-house, post-office, and, centrally located, the 155 ''Equinox House," Mr. F. H. Orvis, proprietor, in the immediate vicinity of which are the telegraph and the office of the JSLulckester Jour)i(il. It is published by D. K. Simonds, Proi3rietor, and is one of the most reliable local newspapers in the State. The Episcopal church and Congregational are a success. There is also a flourishing Masonic lodge and a Chapter (Adoniram, F. A. M.) The Music Hall, erected by the proprietor of the Equinox, is the finest building, of the kind, in Ver- mont, and here are enjoyed concerts, tableaux, theatricals, and readings, both private and public. Mr. Orvis is also proprietor of the Putnam House, Palatka, Florida, a fine hotel open from November to May. THE EQTTTNOX HOFST?. The Equinox House is one of the most successful hotels in our country ; and this success is not only due to location, but also to the cleanliness of every thing connected with it, and its liberally supi^lied table. Every thing from billiards to fine drives, from bowling-alleys to fine scenery, from trout fishing to marble quarries, from mountain wild- ness to marble pavements, Manchester possesses. Those who love trout fishing will find no finer spot to spend the cummer; and Mr. Charles Orvis, 156 of Manchester keeps everything needed for the friends of Izaak Walton. The mountains abound with wild and picturesque glens, made familiar by the pencils of Durand, Boughton, Tyler, and Boutelle. There is no finer view of lake and mountain scenery than one gets from Mount Equinox or Mount Dorset, and the pedestrian has no difficulty in as- cending any of the loftiest jDeaks. We have probably visited Man- chester twenty times, and we can see why it often turns the tourist aside even from his regular course, for it is safe to say that for fine management and cuisine the "Equinox " holds the same place among Summer Hotels, that the Idassr.soit House of Springfield does with the general traveler, and we know of no higher praise than this. The great conundrum has been how to get there ; the best route (which we have abeady indicated) is via Hudson River to Troy, either by boat or cars ; thence via Troy and Boston Eailroad, to Bennington, a town of historic interest, and so via Hurleni Exteusiou division of the Central Vermont Railroad to Manchester. The road i^asses through magnificent scenery, and fiuniishes a fine route v>'A^^ '.111 h:::-!l; ->;l't' i^ 'HiJi ';!:•!! w' niift'P: 'j^WW. 7fy,',"H"""' //"'■(■■'I town" is, and what are its surroundings. These waters have wrought- so many triumphs over disease, that the last two summers have brought crowds to these Springs, although there was by no means a hotel of suitable accommodation. Now the wants of the public are satisfied. A magnificent and commodious hotel has been erected, and has been christened by the beautiful name "Montvert." The vili.age, nestled among the green hills of Vermont, with its healing waters, pure atmosphere and cool nights, is famous as a quiet, healthful, summer resort, and a most desirable place of rest and recreation for the invalid and pleasure-seeker. The surrounding mountains, hills, valleys, and groves are as full of the genii of health as ever a fairy fountain or grove of the genii of beauty. The drives in every direction are unsurpassed. Take, for instance, the one from Poultney to Middletown. The road follows, most of the way, a stream which winds, now through meadow- land, and now dashes through rocks and narrow channels. The road rises to the east, and we will never forget the beautiful sunset we once saw returning to Poultney from the springs. We present here a fine cut of the Montvert. The furnishings of the house are all new. The rooms and hallways, spacious, cheerful, and well ventilated, embracing pleasant apartments for about three hundred guests. The building is lighted throughout with gas. The Springs near the hotel have grown rapidly in popular favor, and these, together with the fine hotel, will insure the success of ''Middletown." Veegennes. — Between Butland and Burlington, on the Central Ver- mont Bailroad, are three points of interest; Middlebury, with its pleasant Addison House; Lake Dunmore, and Vergennes, the first in- corporated city of Vermont. Although a city by name, it is only a fine village in reality, and a delightful place of summer resort. The surrounding country is romantic, and full of historic interest, as con- nected with the fleet of McDonough and old Ethan Allen. Grand View Mountain is within a pleasant drive and gives, in truth, a grand view of Lake Champlain, the White and Green Mountains, the distant Adirondacks, and extended views of the Champlain Valley. The Stevens House S. S. Gaines Proprietor, has long been known as one of i6o tlie very best in Vermont. It lias been placed this season in superior condition for the reception of visitors. Otter Creek here assumes the proportions of a good sized river, and has a fine fall within a few rods of the Hotel. The route to Vergennes, from NeAV York and Albany, is via Troy, Saratoga Springs, and !Butlau I O c 0) m I H m o c z H > Z 0) EORT EDWARD INSTITUTE^ FORT ED WARD. NE W YORK. JOS. E. KING, D.D., Frincipal. ^^& ,g") knilemeit English, per ^^ term 13 weeks. "^^ $60.00 for %^ Board and <^ Fall Term begins Sept. 2.6 ; Winter Term, Dec. gth. Easy of access, Location unsurpassed, Buildings commodious, secures the best of Instructors, Terms exceedingly moderate, six Courses of Study : Commercial, Scientific, Classical, Eclectic, College Preparatory and Professional Preparatory, or the stu- dent may select any three Studies. ♦ " The largest and best sustained Boarding School in the State of New York." — Yale Courant, 1867. "Fort Edward Institute is one of the safest, most healthy and desirable In- stitutions of our time." — Report of Committee, 1868. "Is worthy of the extended patronage it receives." — Dr. Wlckham, 1870. "We take pleasure in commending it to all as being such a School as the times demand." — Report of JExaminbig Committee, 1872. " Furnishes the greatest literary privileges to the largest number consistent with a vigorous material efficiency." — RepoH of Committee, 1873. " One of the finest and most ably managed Educational Institutions of its Class, in this country. " — Dr. Sears' National Quarterly, 1874. For Catalogues or Rooms,' address the Principal. HAELEM EXTENSION RATLKOAD. F. C. White, Superintendent. (Ofllce, Rutland, Vt.) The Lebanon Valley and the range of the Green Mountains are the two great features of this route. The two finest summer resorts are Lebanon Springs and Manchester. Taking the cars at Chatham Village, we pass north through Rider's MiUs, Brainard, West Lebanon, and New Lebanon, to Lebanon Springs. The Lebanon Valley is bounded on the east by the Berkshire Hills, and on the south and west by the West Range. To the Northwest the Valley reaches away in fertile beauty to the pleasant village of Nassau, on the road to Albany. "Columbia Hall," Daniel Gale, proprietor, has a delightful location. The Shakers of Mount Lebanon vdU also repay a visit. They num- ber some six hundred persons, and have possession of some six thou- sand acres of land devoted to farming purposes; gardens for seeds, fruits, &c., which are everywhere famed for their quality. Passing through Stephentown, North Stcphentown, Berlin, and Petersburgh, we come to the junction of the Troy and Boston Railroad; and winding between the hills we come to Bennington, ■with its historic associations and memory of old Ethan Allen. The view from Mount Anthony is very fine; and the ** Walloomsac Hotel," in the "old village," is very pleasant. Passing through North Bennington, with the fine residence and grounds of T. W. Park; Shaftsbury, and Arlington, we come to Sunder- land; and soon, under the base of the Equinox Mountain, see the white streets of Manchester, which we have already described in our article on the Green Mountains. We are now in the great marble section of Vermont, and see the white quarries of Mount Dorset. The North Dorset Marble Works of Whitney & Luther are prepared to furnish the finest monuments of Vermont Italian marble. Passing through Danby, South Wallingford, Wallingford, and Clarendon, we come to Rutland, connecting with the Vermont Central for Burlington, Plattsburgh, St. Albans, and Montreal. There is no railroad in our country that has greater charms of scenery than the Harlem Extension; and a trip through the Green Mountains is as good as an excursion through the Trosachs of Scotland. j^_ THE POUGHKEEPSIE AND EASTEEN, AND THE CON- NECTICUT WESTERN RAILROADS. FROM THE HUDSON TO THE CONNECTICUT. In some particulars, the Hudson and the Connecticut might be con- sidered "Twin Rivers." They have their source in the same stamp of mountains, the Adirondacks of New York, and the White Mountains of New Hampshire, and they flow side by side their whole course, sep- arated by only one hundred miles of parallel valleys and mountains. The majestic beauty of the Hudson is considerably toned down and softened in the giaceful outline and quiet valleys of the Connecticut; no wonder, then, that these representations of true manhood, and womanhood proposed " a more perfect union," and entered into ''bonds" for a "ligature" at Poughkeepsie and Hartford; or, to de- scend from poetry to facts, from allegory to alluvial prose, these two valleys are happily united by the Poughkeepsie and Eastern Railroad, and the Connecticut Western. It has been our pleasant privilege to pass over this route a number of times since its completion, and we give in our testimony not only to its value as a commercial line, but it is, moreover, full of interest to the tourist or traveler. The 10.15 morning train from Hartford reaches Poughkeepsie about four, the 11.40 from Poughkeepsie reaches Hartford about five. This line crosses three railroads; the Harlem Railroad at Millerton; the Housatonic Railroad at Canaan; and the Naugatuck at Winsted. From Pine Plains east, the country is romantic and varied; we see the Stissing Mountains of Duchess, and a fine view of the southern part of Columbia County. At Lakeville, we see the grounds and residence of Ex-Governor HoUey of Connecticut, and the clear lake on the right, with its beautiful wooded promontory. Further on the Twin liikes of Salisbury, a grand view of the Berkshire Hills. Passing over the summit, we see on one side a wide reach of beautiful country, de- scend the mountain side to Winsted, and go to Hartford, via " Satan's Kingdom," which ends our " Pilgrim's Progress." i68 QUEBEC. In going from Montraal the tourist has two routes to Quebec, by oars and the St Lawrence steamboats ; duly entered tourists of the first degi'ee always take a boat: there is no dust along the St. Lawrence, and the steamboats of the Richelieu Company are well appointed. The towns and villages along the river are all of interest to the tourist, and quite as foreign as many in Eui-ope. Forty -five miles below Montreal the St. Lawrence widens into Lake St. Peter, twenty -five miles long and ten miles wide. The evening sail is very fine, but we advise every one to get up in the morning in time to see Quebec, as we approach it from the river. The first thing is to locate at a hotel ; the finest are the St. Louis Hotel, and the Russell House, cuts of which are here given. \^— ST. LOUIS HOTEIi. WII.I.IS KUSSKLI,, PKOPRIETOR. Our own experience at the St. Louis Hotel, in September, 1874, justifies us in saying that it is complete in every particular, and pleased all the American travelers of the party, which is a high compliment to a foreign hotel. There is no city on the continent so interesting in antiquity — a feudal city, transported and embalmed in the new world. It was 169 foauded bv Clianiphiin in 16<>S. taken by the Bririsli and colonial forces in 1639, restored to Fnmce in 1632, captorrxi bv Wolfe 1759. and finally ceded to Great Britain in 1763 tc^gether with all the FTench possessions IB North Anier: C"^, The city is diyided into the npper and lower tonus and ia triangular in form. The Upper Town is stiongiy fortified ; the citadel embraces forty aicres within its fortifications. The line of fortications enclosing the citadid is two miles and a half in length. The St L4->uis Hotel is con- Tenienthr located to the most delightfiil and fa&hion^ble promenades, the German Garden, itte Bq^anade, ihe Place d'Armes. and Durham Ttrrraee, The old one-storr honse where General Montgomery was after his heroic death, is »tiU standing, a few steps from the St. Eussrr.i. HorsE- Jjoma hotel ; also the tTr^nline CV-nvent wLere General Montcalm is biuied. The Cathedral will also be visited, and the beantifal Falls of Moatmccoiei, aboot a mfle from Quebec. On the Plains of Abraham thae is a aiab maaJring the spot wl^re Wolfe felL In fact, Quebec is a place to linger in, and a city to be remembered ; it is so different from OUT own xegolar streets, and paraDek^ram blocks, thac we seem to hveayie anotiier abno^b^re, and experience anoUier style of living. It reminds one somewhat of Boston, and still more of Stirling, where once the Scottish kings h^d sway. 170 THE APIEONDACKS. No gaide to pleasure travel is complete, in our day, -withoat an arti^ on the Adirondacks, and we propose to record, for the benefit of thoee who desire to traTel in that direction, our own experience of ten de- lightful davs. It was September — the pleasantest time to visit this moautdin dL^trict. Tlie moeqnitoes bad given np looking for ns aud goue west ; we had everything our own way. "We started from Platts- burgh ; took cars to Ausable Forks, about twenty miles ; t^xjk stage twenty miles through Keene Flats to Beede's, a 9eini-hot<.*l and farm- house, nice and comfortable ; staid all night, visit«-^w Falls, ne.tr at hand. a?so the Bridal Teil, about one hunlred feet high ; crossed the Liower Lake, a sheet of water suirc'unded by mouBtaiiks and cliffs about two thousand feet, almost perpendicular ; thes. aaollier trail or '^ cHrrv,*' of one mile and a quarter to Upper La^e, where we got a view of Haysta.k Mouiit;\in. Sawteeth, Bartlett, Nipple Top and Dix Peak. H-re we cami>eil f^r the night ; ha^l ctniking experience ; to« >k a row on the lake: interviewed another paity ; saw a fine sunset ; decided that the sur- roundings weie as fine as Loch Katrine, Lake Oeorge, and the Hud- son ; slept our first night in the wilderness. Xt-xt day wo went ovti Mount Bartlett, three mOes to the foot of Haystack Mo an tain ; went up and 1 ack ; fine central view of mountain district, one mile fn^m the base broaght as to the Panther Gorge Camp. Our friend Mr. Biiby editor uf Plattsburgh Republican, goes up Mount Marcy to get a sunset view, rain commences and he cuups alone. aD night, under a 7 by 9 shelter ; at S a. m. cc»mmenced the ascent of Maicy. still raining, foun 1 our friend O. K.; went over Mount Marcy in a gale, wind blew aboat 70 miles an hour ; descended the other aide, seven miles to Camp t)c4- d^i, beautiful location, wet through, canrps failed each other. Ic^-fire 'between, balsam fir for bed. Next morning visit^^d *' Lake AvelAnche," one of the fountains of the Hudson. From Camp Colden we went two miles to Calamity Pond, and five miles to the Deserted Village, stayed over Sunday. Monday, went through the Indian Pass, along one of the branches of the Hudson, to John Brown's Grave, about eighteen miles. The next da}' to Lake Placid, crossed the lake, went over Hay- stack Mountain to Wilmington ; then nine miles to Ausable Forks, and so to Plattsburgh. This is the real mountain district of the Adiron- dacks, not quite so easy to "navigate " as the lake districts, but we ima- gine there is no scenery in the world so grand and varied. The trip can easily be made by ladies as well as gentlemen: Strong shoes, short flaunel dress, in fact, a mountain suit will be required, also waterproof and blanket ; guides will assist in carrying necessaries, and caring for the camp. The camps are not luxurious, but substantial shelters located four or five miles apart. Food can be carried sufficient for five or six days, and supplies can be forwarded if desired. At the Deserted Village, where we arrived the fourth day, we found hosjjitable entertainment at the hands of our host, Mr. John Moore, a gentleman who has lived on both sides of our continent, in Maine and California. Tliis village, of which he is sole mayor and overseer, is falling into ruin, caused by the death of Mr Henderson, a man of wealth and enterprise, \^ ho started the iron business about twenty-five j^ears ago. There is no place in the Adirondacks more accessible to aU points of interest, aud no place where a party of friends could well find health and pleasure so well combined. Two beautiful lakes are close at hand; Mount Marcy, the highest peak of the mountains, about seven miles distant, and the Hudson flows through the village. It speaks well for the health of the place that Mr. Moore brought his wife here an invalid, and now she often walks, in the winter, twelve or fifteen miles on snow- shoes ; and we will add, by way of postscript, that she can shoot a rifle better than Murray, and almost as good as Col. Henry Gildersleeve of the Ameiican Rifle Team. Mr. and Mrs. Moore will care for guests who visit them, at reasonable rates. A direct route to the village can easily be made, via the Adirondack Eailroad, from Saratoga to North Creek, aud then thirty miles by wafifon road. 172 Eastman Business University. POUGHKEEPSIE. N. Y.. ON-THE-HUDSON. BOYS AND MIDDLE-AGED MEN Trained for a Successful Start in Business Life, taught how to get a Living, Make Money, and become Enterprising, Useful Citizens. A Practical School for the Times! Seventeen years ago ^Ir. Eastman established the first Business College in America, introducing a system of Practical TRArs'iNo that h:xs since educated more than Twenty Thousand of the present pkospebous business men of the country. It is beginning to be understood that a man to succeed, become eminent, or a leader in his business or profession must be pilvctically edu- cated. — The good sense that is now pervading the minds of the American people on this subject is evinced by the large patronage this Institution is en- joying from every section of the country. It is not simply a school for the merchant, but the course of study is so arranged as to be of incalculable advantage to all classes of the community, the Farmer as well as the Merchant, the Lawyer as well as the Banker. Its spet-ialty is to prepare Boys, Young and Middle-aged Men in the shortest time and at the least expense for the active duties of life, teach them how to get a LIVING, make money, ANT) BECOME ENTERPRISING, USEFUL CITIZENS. It is the ONLY SCHOOL in the world where the course of study is PKACTICAL instead of Theoretical; where the students act as buyers, sellers, traders, bankers, book- keepers, and accountants in actual business operations; where the bank-bills, fractional currency and merchandise, are actually used and have a real value, and every transaction in just as legitimate and bona fide as in any mercantile, banking or business house. The illustrated Catalogue, giving a history of the Institution, practical course of study, and plan of operatioa, and the names, addresses and busine<^s of over 3,000 graduates who owe their present success to the Institution, may be had by addressing the President, H. G. Eastman, LL.D., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. ^"V.t-'tKt.»C^7 Cor. of Chambers St. & West BroadAvay, 2\r IS TTV" "s^ o n. is:- ON THE EUROPEAN PLAN I ^>^ I J^irst-class accommodation for ^00 Guests. "Rooms /7^om ^^.00 to ^6.00 per day . JK^enly and Ilandsometj' /'tirnlshcd and decorated. JyOcated co?ire7)fentty to business and places of aniuseme7it. Cars from all depots pass the door. N. HUGGINS, Formerly of Manhattan Hotel. S. J. HUGGINS, Formerly of Lovejoy^s Hotel. N. & S. J. HUGGINS, Proprietors. THE FROM :gW ^;orlli— and Cars of Alt)any A- Susqneljanna Rail- roads. TICKETS can he lia<,l fit llie Oftic ( on tlu' M'liarl'. and Baropsy, and for Restoring Appetite and Physical 8tren§^tlt. "THE FOUNTAIN OF PERPETUAL YOUTH." This Water has no sediment, is delicious to drink, health-giving, and in bathing acts like a charm on the skin. Children come to us with pale faces, and leave with ruddy cheeks. ANA LYSIS. One gallon, or 235 inches of -water contains: Carbonic Acid Gas 4616 ctibic iuch. Nitrogen Gas 9-63 " " Carbonate of Lime 3 02 grains. Muriate of Lime, Sulphate of Soda, and Sulphate of Magnesia 274 " One hundred cubic inches of the gas which was evolved from the water consist of : Carbonic Acid Gas 005 cubic inch. Oxygen Acid Gas 1'50 " " Nitrogen Acid Gas 98-45 " Dk. Agustus a. Hayes, State Assayer for Massachusetts, says : " It is a re- markable Water, containing Nitrogen dissolved. " University of Connecticut Libraries ■.■My ;;''V'i''.''''i\'':