5 THE CoiecticutAgriculluralExperienlSlation NEW HAVEK, CONI^. BXJLLETIlSr jSTo. 114. DECEMBER, 1892. CONTENTS. PAGE Notice as to Bulletins, 2 Mixed Fertilizers 3 Bone and Potash, 3 Nitrogenons Superphosphates and Guanos, 3 Special Manures, ........ 16 2 THE CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL Notice as to Bulletins. The Bulletins of this Station, issued quarterly or oftener, are mailed free to citizens of Connecticut who apply for them, and to otliers, as far as the limited editions permit. Applications should be renewed annually before January 1st, Citizens of other States desiring to secure the Bulletins regu- larly are referred to the notice below. The matter of all the Bulletins of this Station in so far as it is new and of permanent value will be made part of the Annual Report of the Director. Bulletins earlier than No. 71 and Nos. 83, 93, 100, 101 and 102 are exhausted and cannot be supplied. Notice as to Supply of Station Reports. The Annual Report of this Station for 1891, printed at State expense, is limited to an edition of 7,000 copies, of which 5,000 copies are bound and distributed by the Secretary of the Board of Agriculture, T. S. Gold, West Cornwall, Conn. After satisfying necessary exchanges, the copies remaining at the disposal of the Station have been sent to citizens of Connecti- cut, who made application for them, until our supply is exhausted. The Station has no supply of its Annual Report for the years 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1883, and 1887, and will pay a liberal price for a number of clean copies of Reports for any of these years. Extra copies of the next Annual Report can be secured if called for before the printing-forms are broken up. Such copies will be struck off and supplied early next year to citizens of other States who apply to this Station before February 1st, and who remit 25 cents per copy to defray costs. This remittance will also secure to the sender the Bulletins issued by this Station during the year. Coin may be forwarded by Post at sender's risk with small chance of loss, as follows : Cut an inch hole in a card or scrap of paper-box that will just fit inside an envelope, fasten a twenty- five cent piece in the cavity by pasting paper over it on both sides of the card, write thereon name and Post office address, inclose within an envelope, and send as a letter prepaid in full. P. O. stamps cannot be accejated. 3591 3569 52 62 36 20 12 12 6 EXPERIMENT STATION. MIXED FERTILIZERS. I. Boi^E AND Potash. 3595. AI Fertilizer, made by C. Buckingham, Soutliport. Sampled by Station agent from stock of R. C. Wilcox, Guilford. 3591. Circle Brand Bone and Potash, made by Bradley Fer- tilizer Co., Boston, Mass. Sampled by manufacturer. 3569. Ground Bone and Potash, made by E. Frank Coe, New York. Sampled by Station agent from stock of City Coal and Wood Co., New Britain. Analyses and Valuations. Mechanical Analyses.* . 3595 Fine, smaller than ^u inch - -. 58 Fine medium, smaller than ^j inch 21 Coarse medium, smaller than -^^ inch . 15 Coarse, larger than ^Sj inch .. 6 100 100 100 Chemical Analyses. Nitrogen - 4.00 Phosphoric acid 15.44 Potash 6.31 Valuation per ton §35.10 II. Nitrogenous Superphosphates and Guanos. Here are included those mixed fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphoric acid and in most cases potash, which are not designed by their manufacturers for use on any special crop. " Special Manures" are noticed further on. 1. Samples drcnon hy Station Agents. In the tables on pages tJ to 13 are tabulated the analyses of forty-six brands made on samples collected by the Station agents. In the table on page 11 is an analysis of Sanderson's Formula A, No. 3596. Another analysis of this brand previously made on a sample drawn by our agent from stock of E. B. Clark, Milford, No. 3513, is given below. The manufacturer objected that this did not fairly represent the quality of the brand. Analy- * In these mixtures the potash salts are washed out before making the mechan- ical analysis. 2.66 1.37 n.59 10.26 5.06 2.90 34.29 18.89 4 THE CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL sis No. 3596 was then made and also No. 3597, given below, from another lot of goods. These two later analyses show tolera- ble agreement and a considerably better quality than the first analysis. See also analyses of this brand on page 17. Other Analyses of Sanderson's Formula A. 3513 3597 Nitrogen as nitrates - 1.55 1.95 organic 1.92 2.91 Total nitrogen .S.47 4.86 Phosphoric acid, Soluble -...__ 5.44 4.99 reverted . 3.65 3.51 insoluble 1.55 .68 Total 10.64 9.24 Potash as muriate 5.64 7.'43 Chlorine 6.88 6.25 Cost per ton $35.00 35.00 Valuation per ton $29.76 34 60 The Guarantees. The law of Connecticut requires every package of fertilizer to bear a statement of the actual composition of the goods. This usually expresses the quantities of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash within certain limits, as " nitrogen 2-4 per cent." If a fertilizer with such a guarantee actually contains 2 per cent, of nitrogen, it is within the manufacturer's guarantee. It is the lowest figures of the guarantee therefore that purchasers should regard. Of the forty-six brands here reported eleven are below their mini- mum guarantee in respect of one ingredient, and four in respect of two ingredients. That is, one-third of all the nitrogenous superphosphates in our market contain less of one or of two ingredients than they are claimed to contain. It is urged that an excess of one ingredient over the guarantee should be held to make good the deficiency of another. But with reasonable care and skill in the manufacture and in the sam|)ling and analysis of the goods the actual analysis should not fall below the minimum guaranteed in any respect particularly when wide limits are allowed in the guarantees themselves. Comparison of the tables of analyses with those of past years shows that certain brands have about the same composition year after year, while others fluctuate considerably and cannot be de- pended on to be alike year after year. EXPERIMENT STATION. 5 Cost a]^d Valuation. Cost. The method used to ascertain the retail cash price of the phos- phates is as follows : The sampling agents inquire and note the price at the time each sample is drawn. The analysis when done is reported to each dealer from whom a sample was taken, with an enclosed postal card addressed to the Station, and a request to note on it whether the retail cash price is correctly given and to mail to the Station. To each manufacturer is also sent a request that he will notify the Station regarding the probable average cash price at freight centers in Connecticut, of such brands as he sells in the State. From these data the average prices are computed. Valuation. The valuation has been computed in all cases in the usual manner. Percentage Difference given in the last column of the table shows the percentage excess of tlie cost price over the average retail cost of the nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash contained in the fertilizer. This information puts the j^virchaser in a position where he can figure as to the probable relative value of the different brands and the probable relative economy of buying fertilizers mixed or unmixed. Which method of buying is preferable can only be determined by each individual farmer, who should know best what his soil and crops need and what his facilities for purchase and payment are. No general rule can be given. In one case ready-mixed, in another, home-mixed fertilizers may be found the more profitable to use. The average cost of the nitrogenous superphosphates, excluding the last two analyses of the table in which cost exceeds valuation by con- siderably more than fifty per cent., is $35.28. The average valuation, $25.46, and the percentage difference 27.8. Last year the corresponding figui'es were : Average cost $33.93, Average valuation $28.13, Percentage difference 20.6. THE CONISrECTICUT AGRICULTURAL o O < o) W Ph 02 O tc Ph P^ Ec! Ph O o p? M oooooooocooocoo OC:_OOOOOOCOOOOOO in o c" r-^ CD "O o C'l -r ^-! oi aj o o ro a r O ? o .5 t2 "^ '^ '« 2 £ 02 = <» .- a - H c ^- 03 ■■::: -d ^ o ^- -? o t- nd >-^ a fe c . o C o CO o a^ tH a be -2 ^ o 4; ^ ^ p; K S S § a' K a " a 1-^ p-^: S,Q --^ C3 IS ? o ^^ S ^ ,9 =^8 — t ■ ~-' ^i:- ; o --=i !^ a. am_^^ p. n Q X Cm r^ £ l:^ ry." 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Lister's Standard «s*» ei i^ -H" •1 ao ta a US _ OD 'S »« B9 •OR nouBis »» ot t- »» if iM OS — »» t- oei9 M iW © — CS »« 50 w? « 50 ^ «e »« W MS CS CS JO M eo e<5 ft ft sts «• ifs et M St eis ei9 1 12 THE CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL o o )-H H o in CO Ol o CO Oi Tj- 00 naaAjgq aoua oo CO CO OD 03 Oi o o ^ ■* ■># 1*1 in in -•lajffia 3SB}u90Jaj C^ IM CO CO CO ay CO CO CO 00 CD in o CO 00 1—1 00 CO t- CM CO in •uox J8 -* —1 CO CO CD CO o lO cm' CM 6©- C^ CM C<1 C-J cq CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM 1 o o o O o o O O O O o O o o ■nox .wd isof) O o o o in o o o in o in o o o ir- N 00 in — in in 00 in CO «3 CO CO co CO CM CO CO CO CO CM Q> ■^i C) C3 C) <2>lO '^ 1^. ^ e^ 1-^ >j^e^ >^ ' S» »s 05 »-( ,~~i lO C3 o CO 00 ^ ^ r- r- 00 f-^ in o (L< •pano^ ■^ '^ o I—I (M oo in o ■<# o o CM Oi t- CQ (M in cq o " ^ CM •<# CM —' — ' ■-* CM Q. »^ C) C5 <^ Q3 '^ i ' Jr- •^ c- i:- t- ■>* CD CO in CO in in in Td >- •puno^ c- Tl< co N I— 1 00 CD CO CO o T— 1 1—1 C<1 <1 «> 05 CO ,_; CD 05 o o in o o o o 00 r—l p— 1 1— ( t— I •— 1 I— 1 rH Ci Ci ^ •^ ';^ C) C2i C 05 c> 1 c> -a •paa^nBJBnf) >H C5 Co ^ ■ <^ Oi >-i CO ';:3 >-( ' Ci Oi < IBJOX >-H ■f-1 '-I >-i VH >H >H ■ >s lO „ t- irq in t^ Oi o CO o: CC Oi ,_! CO ■c (M -^ co 00 in 00 CD ir- O CO Oi C IM CO — CM CO CD CM CO -# C5 CO cq CO •rq CO — CO CM CO '^ CM M •^ (M J^- c^ o CO CD Til oc o f 3 1:- O ^ rC lO (M Oi in CO 1—1 •-^ r- ■^ Oi O t- •atqntos t-^ CD CO JC- CO o Oi r- CO CD in JC- J— co •pgaiHiBJBn-o d t^ «0 ►^ ■30 <2j Co eo ®» >^ Oi 1 lO CO naaoj^IK 1^ ^ «^ ©« s^ ^ ®^ s^ ©;> ^ ■ ^ '-s ■^ CO (>) o o CD CD r- in CM Oi ^ Oi i:— •puTioj naS (M lO -* CO CO O 00 CD oo Oi Oi CO O d -OJilil IBJOX (M C<1 m C-J CO CM CM CO CM CM CM CM •* CO cq ^ ,_, CO Tji in 00 CM Oi oo CM Ir- o ■omeSiQ ■^ in ^ 00 CT> in 00 I— CO 00 Oi 00 CD O 'wSoitiK '-' 1 II J:- 1 ( 1 •Binotnniv 00 I CO ' ' ' ' SB naSoJiiN ' • , , ' ' ■ CO ( CO CM CM 03 CD J^- 1 •s8aB.iiiNr 1 00 1 00 .— r— ' O O ' SB uaSojjiK ■ tl ' ■ me or Brand. <» CQ O i- ', P m ; a ' O 1 eq 1 '^ ', 'p "^ W 1 o ! ~ .2 03 "S 03 o s 1 p . § ; gh Grade Farmers' Fertilizer Ammoniated Bone er Gloucester Fish tash Superphosphate., x's High Grade d Pntnsh c Phosphate Ammoniated Bone losphate o ; E ! ft ' O ' O ; 03 ' CO 1 03 C o 02 "in O a ; ^ ; '^ I as • 'ft " ft m P SB .2 ft 03 DQ Em'o) !Z1 it <; ft -""air ^ ^ " ^ =-■ po cc 03 "JS ^^ O ^ Bowker's and Po Bradley's L. Wilcc Fish ai Quinnipia Crocker's Superp V, 03 <^ - ^ TO CQ w B _C3 _ o o :zl o t- oc «* ■»* t- as t» «« e* t« QD ,— ^- CO CO ■^ 00 [ ] uopBn[BA ■* lo ^ CO ^ Ttl ^ CO 03 oo ^^ CO CO CO Ol 1 1 (M C<1 CO |>^ CO CO CO CO ^ CO CO CO CO — . 1 1 9& o o o o o o o o o o o o o '^ <= 1 1 •uoi McI }goo o CO o o o co' o o o lO 00 -f Oj' o oo' o co' o o in -H 1 1 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO ■^ CO CO CO 1 1 4© 00 ,—( ^^ 00 la o OS in CO l:- CO CO CO CO 11 •auuomo C <2> Ci CO Ci ^ Vi5 C > ' 1 I -^ '^ '^ e* Sdiij ^-^ B^ •^l to 90 'N -4 : ; 00 (r <2> Ci Ci . . o •paajnu ' -^ c- t- oo <2> Co 1^ Oo Q> to «0 cj o6 1 1 £1 '3 -jBno ' >-H >-H ■^ I . 03 00 in 05 co' ] \ 1 Ci C3 <^ lO c> ^ ^ C> C) C; <2i C) ■Ci ^ . 1 ■o •p8a:jnBit!no ' to ■:i C5 Cl >N Ci 00 to' OS >H o6 lo '"^ ^ 1 I IB?ox ' '•^ >-< *~< >H '^^ '^ 1 I a> a- ir O CO CO CO 03 CO j:- r~i o a> CO 03 1 1 CD 03 CD o o •pnno j[ XBjox r- c co' O 00 .-1 in 05 CO o ir- o oo' ; 1 t r-l ^- -^ r-" '-^ 1— 1 r— 1 o co c r-l -* 03 CO in oi CO r~t in 03 o> 00 1 1 CO > 00 ^ -*«t ©» Us 8^ ^ U5 S, ©i 00 I i uaSoaiijj ' ^ «^ ®4 S^ S4 ^ s^ "^ >>l ®* ^ ^ 1 1 1X1 ^^ c 00 lO t- J^- CO 03 • cc -« o CO 00 in •-< in f— ' ■<3< 00 O O ' " S S 'ua3o.nii{ -- c^ IM ^ CO CO cq CO cq ^ '-' >-H eo co' i-i j ; , , 1 CO , CO CO lilt •Bluonimv 1 1 ' ' ' 1 CO ' t- lilt SB naSoJiiN 1 ' ' ■ ' ' , ■ . . •sa^BJiiM •^ ; 1 1 CO ; ; 1 ; ! ; 1 ; ; BB naSoj^iii ' ' • ■ ■ ' . , . . •c a a c oo is; ■73 n CO 0) a o « ; i-s 1 1 C3 ■ .a ph 1 1 w ! ^ 1 M S < i a > ,t3 St, 'A 1 C3 :l 1 o 32 ^^ • o ' ' ' .2 ' ' 1 *-i I I 1 (B ' 1 C9 O a re g ' be ' OS is c (D 0) ! "b , o . o o '^ ; S p : a- -g •^ -C n3 , o M tf ?» « ■^ «© CS 50 » CS (Hi «s cs M e« Ml M M M *9 C^ M M Ml e« so 14 THE CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL o H -«! H S H >^ M a CM 02 iAioa; •S,n8pu9:;;iq0 ^ ^ r^ -^ 00 r-( m M P5 ►^ EXPERIMENT STATION. 16 Fish and Potash. The samples of Fish and Potash included in the previous tables are tabulated by themselves for comparison on page 14. 2. Sampled hy Manufacturers and 3. Sampled hy private mdividuals. 2. Sampled by Majmfacturers. These samples were sent to the Station in compliance with the terms of the Fertilizer Law and were analyzed because no samples of the brands named were found in market by our sampling agents : 3598. Fish and Potash, Anchor Brand, made by Bradley Fertilizer Co., Boston, Mass. 3647. Buffalo Superphosphate, No. 2, made by Crocker Fer- tilizer Co., Buffalo, N. Y. 3651. Vegetable Bone Superphosphate, made by Crocker Fer- tilizer Co., Buffalo, K Y. 3652. Aramoniated Practical Superphosphate, made by Crocker Fertilizer Co., Buffalo, N. Y. 3650. Garden and Lawn Fertilizer, made by L. B. Darling Fertilizer Co., Pawtucket, R. I. 3654. Success Phosphate, made by Lister's Agricultural Chemi- cal Works, Newark, N. J. 3655. Ammoniated Dissolved Bone, made by Lister's Agricul- tural Chemical Works, Newark, N. J. 3656. Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate, made by Preston Fertilizer Co., Greenpoint, L. I. 3653. Pilgrim Fertilizer, made by J. S. Reese & Co., Balti- more, Md. 3. Sampled by j}'>'ivate individuals. The following analyses were made on samples submitted by private individuals. 3521. Bone Fish and Potash, made by E. R. Kelsey, Branford. Sampled and sent by E. C. Warner, Fair Haven. 3681. Fertilizer made for Conn. Valley Orchard Co., by the Quinnipiac Co., N. Y. Sampled by D. L. Rogers, New Britain. 3537. Formula A, made by L. Sanderson, New Haven. Sam- pled by F. R. Curtiss, Stratford. 3698. Formula A, made by L. Sanderson, in the fall of 1892. ^iP' 16 THE OONNECriCUT AGRICULTURAL 3699. Formula A, made by L. Sanderson, in the spring of 1892. The last two samples were drawn by F. H. Todd, North Haven. III. Special Manures, 1 . Sampled hy Station Agents. For Analyses and Valuations see pages 19 to 26. Here are included such Nitrogenous Superphosphates as are claimed by their manufacturers to be specially adapted to the needs of particular crops. Notice of Particular Analyses. Fairchild's Formula for Corn and General Crops No. 3507 is a mixture of nitrate of soda, muriate of potash and fine bone flour, 90 per cent, of which passes a round mesh -^ inch in diameter. An analysis 3534 was made of 6 samples of the Quinnipiac Potato Manure with the results given below. The manufacturer protested against the analysis because it did not represent the average quality of the goods which should show a much higher per cent, of potash than was indicated in this analysis. The Sta- tion, therefore, determined potash separately in each of the sam- ples with the following results : From Taylor & Hubbell, Newtown l.TQ per cent. D.C.Wood 5.66 Olds & Whipple 5.39 "W. L. L. Spencer _ 5.41 " C. A. Young 5.24 " G. M. Williams 4.69 " It is evident that the sample from Taylor & Hubbell is totally unlike the others. A new mixture of samples was, therefore, prepared from which this sample low in potash was excluded. The analysis of this second sample, No. 3684r, is given in the table on page 26. 3534 Nitrogen, organic 2.71 Phosphoric acid, soluble 5.52 reverted 2.74 insoluble .75 Total 9.01 Potash - 4.65 Chlorine 3.41 EXPERIMENT STATION. 17 SO ^• 1— I lO 02 to 10 "-^ CD 00 Oi «5 r- Ph m o ^ ft Q W ■— I urs ;d o> «> 00 Ph ;^ «5 i c^_ m H < 00 CO «s C2 c^ u^ Hi <1 «o im' > 00 Ci o CO CO C: (M (M 00 as >^ ri co' ^ >o CO in CO -■ — c fo ^ •- r-H 1^ O O —. 05 oc <^^ ^ r- O w CC O a CM w ■CO CO cq -- 00 © 00 M co' 9 « 2 -< *s -; '^ •-: CO & o o "^ -2 d -S ,p t>>P >, "^ P >^ <^ ^ a ^ p tHi, a-wa-ti^P-t^ 1 bb ^:3^a?^S ^ 1"^ £ 1 ^ 1 S P Xi 5 [XH ra -y rC . (^ "^ Sc 5! 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