r university of Connecticut ibraries A 5 05 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Boston Library Consortium IVIember Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/livingissuesofcaOOpres .<) v^ viNG Issues of The Campaign of iqoo ITS Men and Principles COVERING EVERY PHASE OF THE VITAL QUESTIONS OF THE DAY; EXPANSlOrN' AND OUR NEW POSSESSIONS; TRUSTS AND MONOPOLIES; IMPERIALISM; WAR TAXES; ETC. INCLUDING THE Platforms of All Parties and Biographies of the Presidential Candidates TOGETHER WITH A PORTRAIT GALLERY OF NATIONAL CELEBRITIES— COM- PRISING PHOTOTYPE AND OTHER PORTRAITS OF ALL FORMER PRESIDENTS AND LEADING STATESMEN OF OUR TIMES THE WHOLE FORMING A Complete Handbook of Political Information Voter's Guide and Instructor By LAWRENCE F. PRESCOTT The well-known author WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY HON. JAMES R. YOUNG Member of Congress and formerly Clerk of the U. S. Senate P7^ ENTERED ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS, IN THE YEAR 1B00, BV GEORGE W. BERTRON fN THE OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, AT WASHINGTON, D. C INTRODUCTION. i^ Hh, issues of the Presidential campaign of 1900 are the most important in the history of our country since the great struggle of the Civil War. Policies and principles are being earnestly discussed by the whole American peo- ple, and questions of grave import are to be settled by the sovereign prerogative of our na- tion's electors : " A weapon that comes down as still As snowflakes fall upon the sod ; But executes a freeman's will, As lightning does the will of God ; And from its force nor doors nor locks Can shield you — 'tis the ballot-box." John Pierpont. The problems at issue possess an importance that rises far above the question of the candidates themselves. The men who are the great leaders of their respective parties in this campaign take secondary place to the principles and issues that will be decided at the polls. We have made history very rapidly in the last four years. Unexpected! 3^ we liave been called to unsheathe the sword and send fortli our il INTRODUCTION. armies. Our patriotism has had another superb vindication. Our flag has been carried through the storm of battle with a daring and intrepedity such as gave it glory on fields that have become historic. Was there ever a nation that respond- ed more nobly in any great crisis than ours has done during the present administration ? Intel- ligent American citizens can be trusted to defend our nation's honor, and advance the welfare of our people. Spain has been driven from the Western hemi- sphere, but our brilliant victories have left be- hind them questions of national policy concern- ing which every voter needs information that will guide him to a wise decision in the exercise of the franchise. The same may be said of other questions which enter into this campaign. To furnish just the information that every voter is anxious to obtain, is the object of this volume. A vast storehouse of truth, plain, simple and unvarnished, renders this a most valuable work for every citizen. It tells the story of former Presidential cam- paigns, political parties and statesmen. In the light of the past and the revelations of truth as here set forth, every one will be enabled to cast his vote intelligently and wisely upon the great issues of " Expansion and Our New Possessions," " Trusts and Imperialism," '' War Taxes," etc., INTRODUCTION. iH etc. These momentous questions are eloquently discussed and expounded by tlie great cliampions and apostles of each doctrine. Since the rising war cloud of 1859-60 which deluged our country in the blood of brothers, our nation has not been so agitated, divided and excited as it is to-day, from ocean to ocean — North, South , East and West — on the foregoing questions. These must necessarily be the great issues of this campaign ; and their settlement is fraught with consequences of the gravest character. Every intelligent reader will here find just the information most needed to help him to a wise and patriotic decision. In addition to very important statistics, furn- ishing the reader with a vast amount of historical information, this work contains full biographies of the leading statesmen of our country. These are the great leaders of political thought and opinion, and they are here sketched with a mas- terly hand. The most distinguished names now before the public are comprised in this list. Thus it will be seen that every possible feature which can give interest and value to a campaign book, appears in this grand work. It places the parties and their candidates side by side, and enables the voter to compare their respective merits. 0^ ^^^•^ I WILLIAM Mckinley PRESIDLNT 'v.F THE UNITED STATES SENATOR M. A. HANNA CHAIRFv/lAN OF THE REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE Hon. WILLIAM McKINLEY. Republican Nominee for the Presidency, His Life and Public Serviceb. OELDOM in the public life of the statesmen of this republic has the wisdom of pertinacious, continuous application to one broad issue of na- tional policy as a road to highest preferment been so completely approved as in the career of Presi- dent William McKinley, renominated for Presi- dent by the Philadelphia Convention. Twice his conspicuous championship of protection and home markets for American workmen almost stampeded conventions to his nomination, when acceptance would have been violative of the high stand, and of personal honor, which has marked his public and private life. Quiet, dignified, modest, considerate of others, ever ready to postpone his own ambitions in favor of those of veterans of longer service, faithful to friends, unwavering in integrity, tactful in silencing opposition, but unyielding in matters of principle, strong in his sympathy with the toilers, unchanged by success, resilient in hope under defeat, of un- 2 17 18 LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. spotted private life, he has won his way to the top as one of the best examples of courageous, per- severing, vigorous manhood that the nation has ever produced. More than any other who has reached his proud pre-eminence, save only Abraham Lincoln, his touch is closest with those '^ plain people" upon whom the martyred President relied with such unhesitating confidence. While yet a youth he marched in the ranks, a private soldier, and saw four years of the bloody struggle which made the country all free. In poverty he wrought- to acquire his profession. These years of self-denial brought with them the self-reliance and self-control which fruited in his leadership on the floor of Congress at an age when no other American save Henry Clay had ever achieved similar prominence. He bore his part in great debates in a manner quiet, self-possessed and dignified. His incisive logic, caustic raillery at antagonists, and sarcastic comments on the shortcomings of his own party gave him a mastery in debate which won the ad- miration even of those who opposed him. Mr. McKinley's personality, like his career, is the fruit of a peculiarly logical and systematic character. Where others knew superficially he knew thor- oughly. This thoroughness and skill in handling a slen- LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. 19 der majority of twenty-two enabled him to pass that tariff bill which bears his name, which found less favor when enacted than it has enjoyed since its revision. He now stands as the embodiment and apostle of that principle. Strong Hold on the Masses. It is not easy always to analyze the causes of a popular favorite's hold upon the masses. High principle, personal magnetism, gallantry, boldness even to rashness, great skill in debate or ability as a platform orator — all these may in turn be cited as reasons why a man should be liked or respect ^d. But to awake the love and warmest admiration of a people requires qualities which well nigh defy analysis. It has been Mr. McKinley's good for- tune to be able to offer a very large class of his fellow-citizens just what they seemed to need. He aroused and attracted their sympathies, and this tremendous logical fact is what brought about the overwhelming ground-swell which swept other aspirants off their feet, and landed him an easy winner over men of larger public service and greater brilliance in many of the attributes of statesmanship. "All things come to him who waits," and William McKinley's self-denial has received its great reward. Mr. McKiuley has a long expectation of life if the longevity of his parents can be taken as an 20 LIFE OF -WIT LI AM McKINLEY. indication. His father, William McKinley, Sr., died in 1893, at the ripe age of So, and his moth- er, Mrs. Nancy McKinley, died not long ago at Canton, the proud recipient of the filial attentions of her distinguished son. Mrs. Nancy McKinley's father was. of German. birth, and her mother was of Scotch descent. William McKinley, Sr.'s, grandfather \x>as a ^otch-Irishman, and his mother was an Englisiiwoman. Mr. McKinley, Sr., was born in Mercer County, Pa., but his family moved to New Lisbon, Columbiana County. 0., in 1809, where for many years he was manager of a blast furnace. It was in New Lisbon that he met his wife, whom he married in 1838. Two sons, David and James, were born there, but owing to lack of edu- cational facilities the father established his family in a little house in Niles, Trumbull County. It was in this house that William McKinley was born, February 26, 1844. It is worth remark that a considerable number of prominent Americans were natives of counties of Ohio in the near vicinity of Niles. Cuyahoga, thirty miles away, was the birthplace of James A. Garfield. Senator Allison, of Iowa, lived only thirty miles from Canton, and Senator Manderson, of Nebraska, lived and married only fifteen miles from that city. Ex-Senator Thomas Collier Piatt kept store at one time in Massillon, 3g*-^ ' ^wmh ^ ^^»ms ' Wim' ^>;^ ' ^''"?/jig»K^ ' ^» ' r;^'y ''^^0" ^^^K Si^ COPYRIGHT, 1898, BY GEO. G. ROCKWOOD, N. COLONEL THEODORE ROOSEVELT SENATOR HENRY CABOT LODGE OF MASSACHUSETTS LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. 21 only eight miles away, and Senator Quay's home at Beaver is only sixty miles off. Rutherford B. Hayes was a native of Delaware County, near by, and Senator Sherman and General William T. Sherman were born and reared at Lancaster, 0., less than a hundred miles away. Several of Mr. McKinley's brothers and sisters died in infancy. His oldest brother, David, is a resident of San FrancL«=!CO, where he discharges the duty of Hawaiian Consul to the United States. James, the next older brother, died about 1890. Abner, a younger brother, is engaged in business in New York. William McKinley entered the village school in Poland, to which his family had removed^ when only five years old. He remained in th^ schools of that town until in his seventeenth year, when he made enough money by teaching in a near by district public school to pay his matricula- tion fees in Allegheny College. He remained at the college only a few weeks when the call to arms for the Civil War came, and the pale-faced, grey-eyed, earnest and patriotic young student flung aside his books and decided to shoulder a musket for the preservation of the Union. This step was taken only after earnest conference with his parents. Owing to his youth and physical immaturity they were loath to con- sent to interruption of his studies and the incident exposure to the hardships of campaigning. 22 LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. But the enthusiastic patriotism of the youth kindled like emotion in the Scotch-Irish blood of his parents and bore down their opposition, for they saw that in spite of his youth there was plenty of fighting stuff in him. And so his edu- cation in books ended, and that broader education of stirring events and the ways of men began. A Private in the Ranks. Young McKinley entered the Union army a mere stripling, without influence or powerful friends, with only a heart brimful of patriotism and love for his flag. He joined a company of volunteers from his own neighborhood, which, after the fashion of the time, took the pretentious name of "The Poland Guards." The company had already selected its officers. The captain, a youth named Zimmerman, was chosen because of brief service in a Pennsylvania militia company, in which he had learned the facings and a few other rudiments of the school of the soldier. He was the only man in the company who had any military ^^^raining whatever. Another young fellow named Race was first ■lieutenant, and J. L. Botsford, second lieutenant. This company was mustered into the volunteer service at Columbus by General John C. Fremont in June, 1861, and was attached to the Twentj^^- thiri Ohio Volunteer Infantry, of which William LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. 23 S. Rosecranz was colonel and Rutherford B. Hayes major. The regiment saw service first in General George B. McClellan's campaign in the Kanawha, which wrested West Virginia from the parent State and added another star to the sisterhood of States. It was a campaign of few battles, hard marches and plenty of experience in the hardships of soldier- ing. Of the fourteen months which McKinley served in the ranks he recently said : " I always look back with pleasure on those fourteen months of soldiering. They taught me a great deal. I was only a school- boy when I entered the ranks, and that year was the formative period of my life, during which I learned miich of men and affairs. I have always been glad that I entered the ser- vice as a private." Promotion came to him after Antietam. Dur- ing that battle he was acting commissary for his company, and in the heat of the fight he took cooked rations to the front to feed his hungry comrades who had been in battle line for twenty- four hours. The fighters fell back in squads to refresh themselves, and were loud in praises of McKinley 's thoughtfulness. He obtained furlough a few days after the battle. On his way home he passed through Columbus and paid his respects to Governor Tod, who surprised the young volunteer by presenting him with a 24 LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. second lieutenant's commission. General Hayes, who had been wounded at the battle, was home and recommended the promotion. This was Sep- tember 24, 1862. February 7, 1863, he was pro- moted to first lieutenant, and on July 25, 1864, captain. This latter promotion was supplemented by his appointment as adjutant-general of his brigade, and he remained upon the staff until mus- tered out in July, 1865. It was as assistant adjutant-general that he went through Sheridan's famous campaigns in the Shen- andoah Valley. While on his way to Winchester Sheridan found young McKinley, then only 20 years old, rallying the panic-stricken troops at Cedar Creek, and at Berry ville the young officer's horse was killed under him. " For gallant and meritorious services at the battle of the Opiquan, Cedar Creek and Fisher's Hill," reads his commis- sion as brevet-major, and it is signed ^^ A. Lincoln." Thus William McKinley, at a time of his life when most young men are at school or preparing for professional life, had experience in over four years of active warfare and had contributed as many years of his life to active military service of his country as any veteran of the Civil War. This is one of the potent holds he has upon the young men of the country who have steadily held him in view as a paragon of youthful courage and patriotisna. LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. 25 Enters the Profession of Law. The war over, McKinley found himself at 22, a man without a profession and without means to live on. Military life still had many fascinations for him, and a commission in the regular army was within the reach of the influence he was now able to exert. That would at least provide him with a living, and the temptation was strong. His sister, Miss Anna McKinley, a woman of fine judgment and strong character, had already estab- lished herself as a school teacher in Canton, 0., and she proved to be the pioneer of the McKinley family in Stark County. It was largely due to her forceful arguments that the young soldier laid off his uniform and devoted himself to study of the law. This period of three years between the time he left the military service in 1865 and the day he received his diploma from the Law School at Albany, N. Y., in 1868, is one of which few facts are known. The man who knows all about the difficulties and struggles with lean purse and long ambition that marked those years has never taken any one into liis confidence concerning them. He had the advantage of the law library of Judge Glidden, in whose office he was entered as law stu- dent. That able jurist took great interest in his pupil and gave him freely of his knowledge. 2^ LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY When the young man was at last admitted to the bar Judge Glidden gave him his first case. It came about thus : McKinley had found a hole in the wall outside of which he stuck up Vis shingle as a lawyer. A fortnight passed and so did all clients. Then Judge Glidden handed the half-discouraged young attorney a bundle of papers with the remark : — "Mac, here are the papers in a case which is coming up to-morrow. I have to go out of town and you must try it." " I have never tried a case yet, you know, Judge ! " McKinley replied. " Well, begin on this one then," Glidden an- swered. McKinley began work at once, and after studying the case all night went to court next day and won the suit. Glidden called at his office a few days afterward and handed McKinley $25, which he refused to take. " It is too much. Judge, for one day's pay," the conscientious young attorney said. " Nonsense, Mac," said the veteran. " Don't let that worry you. I charged them $100 and can easily afford to give you a quarter of it." In a case which came to him soon afterward McKinley won one of his most substantial earlier xriumphs. He was pitted against John Mc~ Sweeny, one of the most brilliant lawyers at the Ohio bar. It was a suit for damages for malprac- LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. 27 tice against a surgeon, who, it was claimed, had set a broken leg so unskillfully that the patient was made bow-legged. McSweeny brought his client into court, and after he had told his story he bared his leg to show how far it was out of line. A Shrewd Defense. McKinley, for the defense, demanded that the plaintiff bare the other leg for comparison. The court upheld this demand, in spite of McSweeny's vigorous objection. To the confusion of the plain- tiff and his counsel and the merriment of court and jury that leg was found to be the worse bowed of the two. His trousers had concealed his natu- ral deformity. " My client seems to have done better by this man than did nature itself." said Counsellor Mc- Kinley, ^' and I move that the suit be dismissed with recommendation that he have his right leg broken and set by the defendant in this case." The plaintiff was laughed out of court. Soon after this success Judge Belden, a leading lawyer of Canton, formed a partnership with the young attorney which lasted until the Judge's death, in 1870. He had already won his way so that the people in that year elected him Prosecuting Attorney of Stark County, which office he filled for several years. Practice now flowed in to him, and he speedily won repute as an excellent advocate. He 28 LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. is credited with making some of the best jiirj arguments ever heard at that bar. When elected to Congress he was a recognized leader of the Stark County bar and had one of the best general prac- tices at that bar. Another case in which he especially distinguished himself was that of a number of miners prosecuted for riot, whom he defended in an appeal to the jury which is remembered to this day as a triumph of eloquence over hard fact. It was the first oppor- tunity in his career to attest his deep sympathy with wage-workers, and his use of it gave him a hold upo-i their gratitude that time has only strengthened. Apostle of Protection. James G. Blaine, in his " Twenty Years of Con- gress," wrote: "William McKinley, Jr., entered from the Canton district. He enlisted in an Ohio regiment when only 17 years old and won the rank of Major by meritorious services. The interests of his constituency and his own bent of mind led him to the study of industrial questions, and he was soon recognized in the House as one of the most thorough statisticians, and one of the ablest de- fenders of the doctrine of protection." The Plumed Knight touched with his trenchant pen the very needle's eye of character which has placed McKinley where he stands to-day. Sympa- thy with the toilers brought him to the study of ELIHU ROOl bECRETARY OF WAR SENATOR EDWARD OLIVER WOLCOTT OF COLORADO LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. 29 industrial questions, to which he gave the same thorough analysis and intense application that he gave to his law cases. In this respect he is much like Garfield, having given like thorough study to political subjects. It is said that Rutherford B. Hayes took occasion once to advise McKinley, who seemed destined for public preferment, to confine his political studies as far as possible to some pa.rticular subject, to master that so as to be recognized as its most learned ex- pounder. " There is the tariff and protection," he is said to have advised. " It affords just the field for such endeavor as I have described. In the near future it is likely to become one of the lead- ing issues upon which the voters of this nation will divide probably for many years." Won his Spurs Young. This conversation may have occurred, but the fact remains that the natural bent of McKinley's mind and his tendency to sympathize with the toilers had early turned his intellect toward that precise question. That was his theme when very early in his legal career he took the stump and discussed political questions in his own and neigh- boring counties, to which his reputation as an attractive speaker early penetrated. Major McKinley was only 33 years old when, in 1877, the people of the Canton district elected 30 LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. him to represent them in Congress. Henry Clay and James G. Blaine are the most conspicuous statesmen who began Congressional careers at an early age. It was a Democratic House, and the new mem- ber began his ser- vice at the foot of the unimportant Law Revision Com- mittee. His first term passed with no public speech of note to his credit, but Speaker Sam- uel J. Randall had noticed the studious application of the young Ohioan and his shrewdness in committee work. Hence, at the outset of his second term Mc- Kinley was placed on the Judiciary Committee next to Thomas Brackett Reed. His ambition and mental promptings led him to prefer the Ways and Means Committee, but he was disappointed at that time. However, early in his second session debate on the tariff-revision bill of Fernando Wood gave him his chance, and he riddled that measure with HON. WILLIAM MCKINLEY. LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. 31 a grasp of fact and merciless logic that marked him as one of the masters of protection knowledge. McKinley's Congressional prominence may be said to have fairly begun with the retirement of Garfield from the Ways and Means Committee after his election to the Presidency in 1880. Mc- Kinley was appointed to the vacancy, and from then until he retired from Congress in 1891, after ten years of service that would have been contin- uous except for that portion of the Forty-eighth Congress when the Democrats unseated him, he remained upon that most important committee. His work was so strong and incisive that the Democrats, fearing his abilities, three times sought to throw him out of Congress by gerrymanderinf his district. Twice placed in districts so fixed that the Democratic majority seemed assured, he nevertheless was elected by substantial majorities. Gerrymandered Out. In 1890 an international contest was brought into the narrow limits of his Congressional district. The order had gone forth from Democratic free- trade headquarters that the peerless champion of protection must be beaten at any cost. So his district was patched up until it showed a nominal Democratic plurality of 3,100 votes. Most men would have shirked such a contest and retired upon laurels already won 32 LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEt. Not SO McKinley. His Scotch-Irish blood was up, and he threw himself into the fight with an impetuosity that he had never before exhibited. He actually carried three of the four counties of his district, but was beaten by a slender plurality of 302 votes. He had pulled down the Demo- cratic majority 2800 votes, and what his enemies sought to make his Waterloo proved to be a Mc- Kinley triumph and turned Republican thought in the country toward him as the leader of the greater struggle of this year. It, however, closed his Congressional career. McKinley a Worker. McKinley in Washington was a worker peri^is-. tent, methodical and indefatigable. Not objecting to temperate use of stimulants, he was never found in the haunts of convivial men. That side of life which fascinates and has destroyed the usefulness of many brilliant men had no fascination for him. His work-day was spent in committee or in the House, and the business of the day over, he went straight to his home and his invalid wife. Tom Murray, who for years was manager of the House restaurant, says that for years he watched his daily coming for a bowl of crackers and milk, which consumed, he returned to his work and wrought while his colleagues regaled upon terrapin and champagne. CORNELIUS N. BLISS OF NEW YORK SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR IN PRESIDENT McKINLEY'S CABINET JOHN D. LONG SECRETARY OF THE NAVY LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. 33 And yet the hard-working, non-convivial mem- ber from Canton was popular with his fellow- members on both sides of the House. He led a Dare majority of twenty -two through all the perils of conflicting interests. He, too, found time to champion the Federal Elections bill, and to draw to its support many men from widely separated territory, and representing many diverse local interests. It was McKinley's Congressional record that has made him illustrious. Beginning at the foot of the ladder in committee appointment he forged steadily to the front. Leadership was won, not conceded. It was his presentment of the great tariflf bill that crowded the House of Representatives on that ever-memorable May 7, 1890, when he reported it and opened a debate which has become historical. His contrast between protection and free trade, which closed that famous forensic utterance, paints at once a picture and a prophecy. " We have now," he said, " enjoyed twenty-nine years continuously of protective tariff laws — the longest uninterrupted period in which that policy has prevailed since the formation of iL3 Federal Government — and we find ourselves at the end of that period in a condition of independence and prosperity the like of which has no parallel in the recorded history of the world. In all that goes to make a nation great and strong and independent 34 LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. we have made extraordinary strides. We have a surplus revenue and a spotless credit. " To reverse this system means to stop the pro- gress of this Republic. It means to turn the masses from ambition, courage and hope to depen- dence, degradation and despair. Talk about de- pression ! We would have it then in its fullness. Everything would indeed be cheap, but how costly when measured by the degradation that would ensue ! When merchandise is cheapest men are poorest, and the most distressing experiences of our country — aye, of all history — have been when every thing was lowest and cheapest, measured in gold, and everything was highest and dearest, measured by labor." Governor of Ohio. When Major McKinley, in 1890, lost his gerry- mandered district by the narrow margin of 302 votes there was no doubt in the minds of Ohio Republicans as to who should and must be their candidate for Governor. It was no consolation purse that he was to race for. It was simply and solely that the fortune of hostile legislative control had placed within reach as candidate for the Chief Executive of the State a man of spotl^s honor, whose many services made him the most popular man in the Commonwealth. The room in the northwest corner of the State House in Columbus is brimful of nistory. LIFE OF WIJ.LIAM McKlNLEY. bO A Secretary of the Treasury, a Chief Justice of the United States and a President sat there as the Chief Executive of the State before being called to higher preferment. Nearly every man who has occupied the chief chair therein has been or still is a vital force in the political or business history of the nation. No other State has ever contributed as many Governors to the National Executive in chair or council. Governor McKinley's career of four years in the Executive Chair of Ohio is exemplification of the fact that the most interesting period of a states- man's public service is not necessarily that in which he enjoys the greatest degree of public prominence. That office claimed, almost monop- olized, his attention, and local interests were never in the remotest degree subordinated to wider political necessities. But this lessened neither the number nor loyalty of his friends in all parts of the country. Labor's Best Friend. His solicitude for the toilers was marked. His sympathy with the eight-hour movement was early manifested. He was a conspicuous champion of arbitration in the settlement of labor difficulties. These convictions appeared in his recommenda- tions of legislation to protect working-men in hazardous occupations, to secure them more con- siderate treatment as well as more safety in the 60 LIFE Oh' WILLIAM McKINLEY. pursuit of their avocations. It was upon his recommendation that the Ohio law was passed requiring that all street cars should be furnished with vestibules to protect the motormen and con- ductors from inclement weather. But it was along the line of arbitration — author- ized but not compulsory which he regarded as the true solution of labor troubles — that his best work was done. During his first term the State Board of Arbitration was created upon the Massachusetts plan, but he made its workings the subject of his personal supervision during all his administration. During the existence of the Board, twenty-eight strikes, some of them involving 2000 men, were investigated, and in fifteen cases the Board found a common basis upon which both parties could agree. No account of Governor McKinley's connection ivith labor problems would be complete without mention of the tireless energy he displayed in securing relief for the 2000 miners of the Hocking Valley mining district, who, early in 1895, were reported out of work and destitute. The news reached him at midnight, but by 5 A. M. on his own responsibility a car, loaded with provisions, worth $1000, was dispatched to the afilicted dis- trict. Appeals made subsequently to the Boards of Trade or Chambers of Commerce of the great cities of the State increased this initial benefaction to $32,790 worth of clothing and provisions. JOSKPH B. FORAKER ^^^ IWI LYMAN J. GAGE-SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. 37 Governor McKinley's two terms as the State's Executive were on the whole smooth a.nd harmon- ious, but he was repeatedly called upon to solve perplexing problems in the relations of capital and labor. In 1894 the State Government received no fewer than fifteen calls for State troops to aid in enforcing the law. No such demand had been made since the Civil War, but Governor McKinley, obeying the dictates of his judgment, answered with such popular acceptation that even those labor organizations which are most radical in opposing any action in labor troubles on the part of the State militia were forced to admit the wisdom of his course. Loyal to His Word. No events in the history of Governor McKinley commended him more to the confidence and respect of his fellow-citizens than his honorable course in two national conventions of his party when, had he shown a momentary departure in steadfiist loyalty in support of the men he had been instructed to vote for, he might have himself been the nominee. Since 1876 he had borne a promi- nent part in Republican national conventions He was a member of the Committee on Resolu tions of the convention of 1880 when the man who led the Ohio delegation, pledged to the can- didacy of Senator John Sherman and who placed that veteran statesman in nomination in a speech 38 LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEX. that was one of the masterpieces of his public utterances, yet suffered the convention to nomin- ate himself and never raised a warning note to recall delegates to respect for his representative capacity. Again, in 1884 he was the chosen member of the Committee on Resolutions who drafted the party platform with such skill that a newspaper raised his name to its column head with the words, " Let the man who wrote the platform of '84 be our standard-bearer for 1888." Perhaps McKinley himself realized in 1888 that he then hardly measured up to the standard of th3 tried and true veterans in the public service whose names were to go before that convention. Cer- tainly no one could have declared such fact more unhesitatingly or earnestly than he did. It was an occasion never to be forgotten and it demon- strated even then that Mr. McKinley was a Presi- dential possibility who could afford to bide his time and need not crowd veterans in public favor out of a nomination which for him could have no charm unless fairly won. The balloting for President had reached the fourth call wh<^n a Connecticut delegate cast his vote for McKinley. As soon as the vote was announced McKinley rose in his seat and lifted his hand for recognition of the Chair. Before he could utter half a dozen words a great shout LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. 39 ^' McKinley " went up from all over the conven- tion. Unshaken by this evidence of popular esteem he said : — The Speech of a True Man. " Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Conven- tion : I am here as one of the chosen representa- tives of my State ; I am here by resolution of its Republican convention, passed without one dis- senting voice, commanding me to cast my vote for John Sherman and to use every worthy endeavor for his nomination. I accepted this trust because my heart and judgment were in accord with the letter and spirit and purpose of that resolution. It has pleased certain delegates to cast their votes for me. I am not insensible of the honor they would do me, but in the presence of the duty rest- ing upon me I cannot remain silent with honor ; I cannot consistently with the credit of the State whose credentials I bear, and which has trusted me; I cannot with honorable fidelity to John Sherman, who has trusted me in his cause and with his confidence ; I cannot consistently with my own views of my personal integrity consent, or seem to consent, to permit my name to be used as a candidate before the convention. " I would not restrict myself if I could find it in my heart to do, to say, or to permit to be done that which could even be ground for any one to 40 LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. suspect that I wavered in my loyalty to Ohio oi my devotion to the chief of her choice and the chief of mine. I do not request — I demand — that no delegates who would not cast reflection upon me shall cast a ballot for me." When McKinley, who spoke in tones whose earnestness and sincerity could not be doubted, concluded his speech his audience applauded him to the echo. It was so characteristic of the man that his name was not mentioned by any as a candidate. Declined the Prize Again. Four years later at Minneapolis McKinley again had opportunity to show that he valued honor above even nomination to the highest office in the Republic. He was the chairman of the conven- tion. When Ohio was reached on the first ballot for President the leader of the delegation announced its full vote for William McKinley. This was the signal for an outburst of applause from floor and gallery, as spontaneous as it was vociferous. Hur- ried consultations were held by many State dele- gations, and amid the cheers and applause which still continued one leader after another arose to the change of his State to McKinley. The Major, evidently deeply aflected by the demonstration, but firm and composed, rose in his place and said : — " I challenge the vote of Ohio," LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY 41 " The gentleman is not a member of the delega- tion at present," said Governor Foraker, who was chairman of the Ohio representatives. '' I am a delegate from that State," cried McKinley, in tones that could be heard above the confusion and uproar, " and I demand that mj vote be counted." " Your alternative voted for you," Governor Foraker persisted. The vote of the delegation was polled, neverthe- less, and the solitary vote which was cast for Harrison, was Major McKinley's. Harrison wa« nominated, and Chairman McKinley, calling Col- onel Elliott F. Shepard to the chair, moved to make the nomination unanimous. " Your turn will come in '96," shouted one of the 182 delegates, wlio, despite his protest, voted for him in that convention. This prophecy was fulfilled. McKinley at Home. Two things commend McKinley mightily to the. average man — he will fight and he loves his wife. While these at first blush seem to be virtues com- mon enough, yet he who has them has not far to go to make him a man complete. He also loves children with the pathetic love of the man whose name will live only in history, for the two children of his early married life are dead, and his wife is a confirmed invalid. 42 LIFE OF WILLI Ai\I McKINLEY. It was early in his struggles with the law in Canton that William McKinley met Ida Saxton, a beauty, the daughter of the richest banker in the town, and a girl after his own heart. He has never got over the surprise and joy which filled his soul when, having made up his mind to put his future happiness to the touch, he asked Ida Saxton to be his wife and she said yes. It is said that her father confirmed this when along with his parental blessing he said : ^^ You are the only man of all that have sought her that I would have given her to." It was in 1871, after he had won his first suc- cess at the bar and had been successful as Prose- cuting Attorney. They went to housekeeping in the same house to which he returned after his long service in Congress and his two terms as Governor. In that pleasant little villa his two children were born. One lived to be nearly four years old, while the other died in early infancy. It was soon after the birth of the second daughter that the fact became apparent that Mrs. McKinley would be a lifelong invalid. Much could be written of the tenderness of the strong and virile man to his invalid wife, but the idle gossip which has already been written upon that subject has hurt where it was thought to comfort. Newspapers have thoughtlessly dwelt upon this affiiction, singing praises of his constancy and LIFE OF WILLIA]M McKINLEY. 43 devotion when even kind words carried with them a penetrating sting. It is enough to say that this husband and wife have never been parted except during exigent work in campaigning. During his service in Washington she was always with him, embroider- ing the slippers which has constituted her princi- pal employment in his absence until the number which have solaced the sufferers in hospitals is said to amount to nearly four thousand. From Congressional duty to his wife and back to duty was the round of his Washington life. While Governor of Ohio four rooms in the Chittenden House in Columbus were their home. An early breakfast and he was off to his executive duties. It was remarked that he always left his hotel by a side entrance, and when well across the street he turned and lifted his hat, while a hand- kerchief fluttered for an instant from the window of his home. Tiien the Governor with a pleased smile walked jauntily off toward the State House. This was repeated every evening, showing that loving watch was kept at that window. Occasion- ally, weather and health permitting, Mrs. Mc Kin- ley indulged in a carriage ride, her husband always accompanying her. Always on Sunday the Governor took an early train for Canton, and going to his mother's house, accompanied her to the firs M. E. Church, of which he has been a 44 LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. member for thirty -five years. He was superin- tendent of its Sunday-school until public duty took him to Washington. His Personal Appearance. Major McKinley is five feet seven inches in height and is as straight as Michael Angelo's statue of David. He undoubtedly looks like the great Napoleon, although he has said more than once that he does not like to be reminded of the resemblance. He has the same grave, dignified mouth, the same high, broad and full forehead and the same heavy lower jaw. He is a better-looking man than was Napoleon, and his bright, dark eyes Bhine out under brows which are less heavy than those of Bonaparte, and his frown is by no means so terrible as that of the Little Corporal. He appreciates, however, the value of dignity, always dresses in a double-breasted frock coat and crowns his classic head with a tall silk hat. Personally Major McKinley is a charming man to meet. His presence is prepossessing, though in conversation he rarely develops brilliancy or ready wit. Dignity and repose, rather than force and action, appear as his strong characteristics to the man who meets him casually. Yet his campaigns show that when time for action comes he can go through labor that wears out a corps of experienced reporters, and come out of the immense strain of JOHN E. BILBKOUGH HON. D. B. SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COPYRIGHT, lH9a, HENDERSON CHAUNCEY M. D£PKW lilFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. 45 six weeks' constant canvass with little loss of flesh and comparatively few signs of fatigue. The Gubernatorial campaign of 1893 was notable in this respect, and shows the character of the man in his relations to politics. With the chances favoring him and business depression prevailing, many a man would have trusted something to luck, and worked less per- sistently and energetically than under other cir- cumstances. But that was not McKinley's way. He realized that his boom for the Presidency de- pended very largely upon the size of his majority^ and worked like a Trojan. Those who followed tim in the famous Congressional campaign of 1890 against John G. Warwick, and again in 1891, when he canvassed the State against Campbell with such signal success, and were a third time with him in 1893, say that he worked as never before. In the speeches he made one notable characteris- tic is always prominent. He does not make ene- mies. No one ever heard McKinley abuse a politi- cal opponent from the stump. Few men have ever heard him speak with disrespect or malignity of one in private life. Only among his close confi- dants, and they are carefully chosen and not numer- ous, does he allow himself to speak his mind fully. 46 ■ LIFE OF WILLIAM MclClNLEY. President McKinley's Adininistration. After a very exciting campaign in 1896, Mr. McKinley was elected President, and was in- augurated with most imposing ceremonies in March, 1897. His administration has been characterized by wise and successful statesmanship, and as the period for a new election drew near it became evident that he would be again the unanimous choice of his party to be their standard-bearer in the campaign of 1900. An extraordinary session of Congress was called by President McKinley two days after he took the oath of office on the steps of the Capitol. It met in pursuance to his proclamation at noon on March 15. The special message transmitted by him to both Houses on the opening day was brief. It explained the deficiencies in the revenues, reviewed the bond issues of the last administration, and urged Congress promptly to correct the then existing condition by passing a tariff bill thai would supply ample revenues for the support of the Government and "the liquidation of the public debt. No other subject of legislation was men- tioned in the message, and the tariff bill was the all-absorbing feature of the session. The Repub- lican members of the Ways and Means Committee of the preceding House had been at work through- out the short session, which ended March 4, giving LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. 47 hearings and preparing the bill which was to be submitted at the extra session. Three days after the session opened the Tariff bill was reported to the House by the Ways and Means Committee, and thirteen days later, March 31, 1897, it passed the House. It went to the Senate, was referred to the Committee on Finance, and the RejDublican members of that committee spent a month and three days in its consideration and in preparing the amendments, which were submitted to the Senate May 4. Its consideration was begun in the Senate May 7, and exactly two months later, July 7, it passed the Senate with 872 amendments. The bill then went to conference, where, after a ten days' struggle, on July 17 a complete agree- ment was reached by which the Senate receded from 118 amendments and the House from 511. The others, 243 in . number, were compromised. The conference report was adopted by the House July 19 at the conclusion of twelve hours of con- tinuous debate.- The report was taken up in the Senate July 20 and adopted Saturday, July 24. The Tariff* bill was signed by the President the same day. Civil Service Rules. In August President McKinley promulgated amendments to the civil service rules which elicited enthusiastic praise from civil service reformers. 48 LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. The order considered of most importance provides that '' no removal sliall be made from any position subject to competitive examination except forjnst cause and upon written charges filed with the head of the department or other appointing officer, and of which the accused shall have full notice and an opportunity to make defence." Through the Hon. Stewart L. Woodford, American Minister to Spain, our Cabinet at Washington addressed a note in September to the Spanish government concerning the war in Cuba, urging that the most strenuous efforts be made to bring it to an end and offering mediation between the contending parties. Spain's reply, which was received in November, was considered satisfactory and not likely to lead to any rupture between the two countries. In February, 1898, an incident occurred which created universal comment. A letter was written by the Spanish Minister at Washington, Senor De Lome, reflecting seriously upon President Mc- Kinley, in connection with the policy our adminis- tration was pursuing toward the government of Spain with regard to the insurrection in Cuba. This letter was written by De Lome to a friend, but failed in some way to reach its destination, and was made j)ublic. Public indignation was ex- pressed at this perfidy of the Spanish Minister, and he was compelled to resign. LIFE OF WILLIAM MoKlNLEY. 49 Cuba's Fight for Freedom. The struggle in Cuba for independence con- tinued to be the one absorbing topic that occupied the attention of Congress. General Weyler ordered all the inhabitants of Cuba who were suspected of sympathizing with the insurgents into the towns, where they were left to obtain the necessaries of life as best they could. This act, which was pronounced inhuman by the American people, resulted in the death of tens of thousands of men, women and children by starvation. Meanwhile, accurate reports of the appalling situation in Cuba were brought by several mem- bers of Congress who visited the island with a view to ascertaining the exact facts. These reports so inflamed the Senate and House of E.e23resentatives that a number of resolutions were introduced demanding that belligerent rights should be granted to the Cubans, and further tha^ the United States should intervene with force of arms to end the war in Cuba, and secure the independence of the island. These resolutions, which were referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations, were indicative of the temper of Con- gress. Destruction of the "Maine." A profound sensation was created by the destruction of the United States battleship "Maine'* in the harbor of IInv:iiia. The 4 50 LIFE OP WILLIAM McKINLEY. " Maine '' was lying in the harbor, having been sent to Cuba on a friendly visit. On the evening of February 15 a terrific explosion took place on board the ship, by which 266 sailors and officers lost their lives and the vessel was wrecked. The cause of the explosion was not apparent. The wounded sailors of the " Maine " were unable to explain it. The explosion shook the whole city of Havana, and the windows were broken in many of the houses. The wounded sailors stated that the explosion took place while they were asleep, so that they could give no particulars as to the cause. The Government at Washington and the whole country were horrified at the destruction of one of our largest cruisers and the loss of so many of our brave sailors. The excitement throughout the country was intense. The chief interest in the " Maine " disaster now centered upon the cause of the explosion that so quickly sent her to the bot- tom of Havana harbor. A Naval Board of Inquiry went to Havana and proceeded joromptly to investigate the causes of the explosion that destroyed the battleship. Upon receiving the report of the Board of Inquiry, President McKinley transmitted it to Congress, and with it a message which he closed as follows : " In view of these facts and of these considera- tions I ask the Congress to authorize and empower LIFE OP WILLIAM IMcKINLEY. 51 the President to take measures to secure a full and final termination of tlie hostilities between the Government of Spain and the people of Cuba, and to secure in the island the establishment of a stable government capable of maintaining order and ob- serving its international obligations, ensuring peace and tranquility and the security of its citizens as well as our own, and to use the military and naval forces of the United States as may be necessary for these purposes. National Charity. " And in the interest of humanity and to aid in preserving the lives of the starving people of that island, I recommend that the distribution of food and supplies be continued, and that an appropria- tion be made out of the public treasury to supple- ment the charity of our citizens. *^ The issue is now with the Congress. It is a solemn responsibility. I have exhausted every effort to relieve the intolerable condition of affairs which is at our doors. Prepared to execute every obligation imposed upon me by the Constitution and the law, I await your action." Congress debated a week over the recommenda- tions contained in the President's message, and on April 18 both Houses united in passing a series of resolutions calling for the intervention of the United States to compel Spain to withdraw her forces from Cuba, and thus permit the authorities 52 LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. at Washington to provide the island with a free and independent government. The demand con- tained in the resolutions was sent to the Spanish Minister at Washington on April 20, who at once called for his passports and left for Canada. On the same date the ultimatum of pur Govern- ment was sent to United States Minister Woodford, at Madrid, who was curtly handed his passports before he had an opportunity of formally present- ing the document. These transactions involved a virtual declaration of war, although Congress did not formally declare that war actually existed until April 25, dating the time back to the 21st The War Begins. The North Atlantic Squadron was immediately ordered to blockade the Cuban ports, and on April 22 proceeded to carry out the order. On the same date the United States gunboat " Nashville '' captured the Spanish merchantman " Buena Ventura " in the Gulf of Mexico. In this cap- ture the first gun of the war was fired. The next day President McKinley promulgated a resolution calling for 125,000 volunteers. On the same day Morro Castle, commanding the harbor of Havana, fired on the United States flagship " New York,'' but without doing damage. Subsequent events comprised the capture of a number of Spanish vessels by Admiral Sampson's squadron. STEPHEN B. EI.KINS CHARLES DICK SECRETARY OF REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. 53 Stirring news from our Asiatic fleet was soon received. On May 1 Admiral Dewey practically destroyed the Spanish squadron in the harbor of Manila, Philippine Islands, capturing nine vessels aud inflicting a loss of 400 killed and 600 wounded. The capture of the SjDanish fleet at Santiago, on July 3, and the victories of the American army in Cuba, resulting in the surrender of all the Spanish troops in the province of Santiago, prepared the way for Mr. McKinley to sign a peace protocol in August and a treaty of peace with Spain in December. With a firm hand he conducted the difficult and delicate diplomacy and pushed on the war that freed Cuba, brought the Philippine Islands under the authority and government of the United States, and restored peace to the combatants. McKinley's Policy. As to his policy in view of the necessary legis- lation for our new^ possessions, and his purpose to govern them in such a way as to advance their welfare and to secure for them the largest liberty, he declared in an eloquent speech before the Ohio Society in New York that every obligation of our Government would be fulfilled. *' After thirty-three years," he said, '' of un- broken peace came an unavoidable war. Hajipily, the conclusion was quickly reached, without a 54 LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. suspicion of unworthy motive or practice or pur- pose on our part, and with fadeless honor to our arms. I cannot forget the quick response of the people to the country's need and the quarter of a million men who freely offered their lives to their country's service. It was an impressive spectacle of .national strength. It demonstrated our mighty reserve power and taught us that large standing armies are unnecessary when every citizen is a ' minute man ' ready to join the ranks for national defence. *' Out of these recent events have come to the United States grave trials and responsibilities. As it was the nation's war, so are its results the nation's problems. Its solution rests upon us all. It is too serious to stifle. It is too earnest for re- pose. No phrase or catchword can conceal the sacred obligation it involves. No use of epithets, no aspersion of motive by those who differ will contribute to that sober judgment so essential to right conclusions. " No political outcry can abrogate our treaty of peace with Spain or absolve us from its solemn en- gagements. It is the people's question and will be until its determination is written out in their en- lightened verdict. We must choose between manly doing and base desertion. It will never be the latter. It must be soberly settled in justice and good conscience, and it will be. Righteousness LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. 55 which exalteth a nation must control in its solu- tion. Imperialism Denounced. " There can be no imperialism. Those who fear it are against it. Those who have faith in the Republic are against it. So that there is universal abhorrence for it and unanimous opposition to it. Our only difference is that those who do not agree with us have no confidence in the virtue or capac- ity or high 23urpose or good faith of this free people as a civilizing agency, while we believe that the century of free government which the Ameri- can people have enjoyed has not rendered them irresolute and faithless, but has fitted them for the great task of lifting up and assisting to better con- dition and larger liberty those distant people who have through the issue of battle become our wards. " Let us fear not. There is no occasion for faint hearts, no excuse for regrets. Nations do not grow in strength and the cause of liberty and law by the doing of easy things. Tlie harder the task the greater will be the result, the benefit and the honor. To doubt our power to accomplish it is to lose faith in the soundness and strength of our t>opular institutions. The liberators will never be- come the oppressors. A self-governed peoj^le will never 2)ermit despotism in any government Avhich they foster and defend. " Gentlemen, we have the new care and cannot 66 LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. shift it And, breaking up the camp of ease and isolation, let us bravely and hopefully and soberly continue the march of faithful service and falter not until the work is done. It is not possible that seventy-five millions of American freemen are unable to establish liberty and justice and good government in our new possessions. The burden is our opportunity. The opportunity is greater than the burden. May God give us strength to bear the one and wisdom so to embrace the other as to carry to our distant acquisitions the guarantees of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." Beyond the administration of affairs connected with our war with Spain and the Filipino in- surgents, and the appointment of officials to govern Hawaii, Cuba, Porto Rico and the Philip- pines, the chief measure of public importance during Mr. McKinley's administration was the enactment, at his recommendation, of the new currency law, whereby the gold standard has been established and our currency laws are made to correspond with those of the most enlightened nations of the earth. Demand Upon Turkey. A claim was made against Turkey by our Government for damages inflicted upon Americans during the massacres in Armenia. This claim amounted to $90,000, and the Turkish govern- ment, with its customary dilatory tactics, evaded LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. 67 the payment of it. It was Mr. McKinley's determined purp(jse to collect the amount due for Turkish depredations. Accordingly he made a demand for payment. A month passed and no notice was taken of the communication from our State Department. On the 23d of May, 1900, Mr. McKinley authorized another demand to be made upon Turkey, and in terms implying that the next communication would be an ultimatum conveyed by a battleship. These public acts indicate the heroic qualities Mr. McKinley has exhibited during his Adminis- tration. With a high purpose to serve his country, with consummate tact and wisdom in conducting public affairs, with exalted patriotism and a noble resolve to promote the welfare of the people in all parts of our broad land, he has dis- charged the responsible duties of his high office to the entire satisfaction of his jDarty. President McKinley Renominated. The renomination of President McKinley was accepted as a fact and never was there a- doubt that he would be the choice of the delegates for the head of the national ticket. The only subject of possible dissension was in the choice of his running mate, tliough all were actuated alike by the desire to have named the man who would possess and develoji greatest strength in those 58 LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY. doubtful and pivotal States which turn the tide to success or defeat. In the nomination of Governor Theodore Roosevelt, therefore, it was generally felt that the Convention had performed its functions in a manner that augured well for the future of the Kepublican party. The Republicans, being in thorough sympathy with the President in every act of his Adminis- tration, having accepted the policies he has devel- oped during his first term in office, gave expression to the harmony that prevailed, not only in the platform they adopted, but by unanimously renomi- nating him for the office of President. He was their logical candidate, and as such is expected to poll the largest possible vote of the party as now constituted. Whether that party will be stronger relatively than in 1896 or weaker no one at this writing can foretell. The new issues will have to be considered and discussed before any one can say what, effect they will have upon old party lines. But, what- ever the result of the election may be, the Repub- lican party in Convention assembled acted consist" ently in selecting as its representative candidate for 1900 William McKinley for President. Life of Hon. Theodore Roosevelt. WHEN Theodore Roosevelt brought his regi- ment of Rough Riders back frora their glorious campaign in Cuba, he was met at Mon- tauk Point by hundreds of men whose admira- tion he had won by his heroism and self- sacrifice. He greeted them as best he could, but all his thoughts were with the disembarking soldiers, whom he was so soon to bid farewell. ^' You are being boomed for Governor of New York," his friends said to him. '' You will surely win." He seemed scarcely to hear them. He ap- peared to have more important business on hand, and was not thinking of his own political chances. ^' Good," he said, and then pointed to the men in the boats. " What do you think of the regi- ment?" he asked enthusiastically. ''There are campaign buttons already out with your picture on them." *'Yes ? Just look at those boys. Aren't they crack-a-jacks ? " " But how do you feel ? Do you think you could stand the strain of a campaign ? " " I feel like a bull moose. See, that's Com- pany K." 59 60 LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT. " Croker says that the man who will be the next Governor must have been wounded in battle." "Did he ? Well, I have a wound," and again he spoke of his soldiers. " Piatt wants you to run for Governor, Col- onel." Colonel Roosevelt turned wearily. "You must excuse me now." he said. " I must see that my men are comfortable. I will talk about other things later." For, to Theodore Roosevelt, the men who had fought under him at Las Quasima and San Juan hill were more important, far more important, than the Governorship of the State of New York. Welcome to <