<2^^<-^i^^ ^ 269 G576c BOOK 269.G578C c. 1 GOLDSTEIN # CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST 3 T1S3 00Db7TE^ E COPYRIGHTBD im Nttyil ®batat P/TRICK J. WATERS, Ph. D. Ce»7For Libroruna Smptmutm WILLIAM CARDINAL 0'CONNEL.L, Archbishop of Boston Campaidnm^ for Christ BY DAVID GOLDSTEIN MARTHA MOORE AVERY rusLi«HBD ay Mit f U0t PubliBlfittd (Ho. ;0© WASHiNOTON STRKB- BOSTON, MASa. CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST ^ FOREWORD Page Chapter I— Campaigning For Christ ............ 11-18 Atheists ...;......>... 14 Jews ....r,.. IS Protestants 16 Chapter II — Pioneer Open Air Campaign 19-44 Desire to Start > .:.:. . . 19 Making Ready ..> . 24 Cardinal O'Connell's Address. . .^... 27 Pioneers Hold First Meeting 31 First Season's Work 34 Chapter III— Cross Country Tour ,.,., 45-78 Our Cadillac Eight. „ 48 Homeward 51 Cardinal on Boston Common 54 Campaigning in the East . 56 Difficulties Feared Not Found 63 Questions and Incidents 66 Publicity , 74 Distributing Literature 77 An Appeal 78 Chapter IV--Our Country 79-112 Church Membership «^.,. . . 82 Seamy Side Out 85 Parental Authority Abdicated r. . 86 Divorce — 86 Sex Equality 89 Neglected Children 90 Race Suicide r... 93 Empty Cradles 94 What to Read 104 Crime ....106 Econr^^ic Disputes .110 CONTENTS 'Chapter V— Religion in the Street 113-Ul Atheiami .L^ror.^. 117 Unseen Things .... .:,^. .;. . ,^» 125 Dogma .r^^. :,:c. .^e ..*^ 125 Agnostics . . .:»;, .a. .a. .1,. . . 127 Free Thought :^. .cs^. .c*. .:J,^... . 128 Irreligion in General .._^^,. ..^. ..^» ... . . 130 Sentimental Skeptism ..b^«... .^^ ...... 132 Pacifist Skeptic .>_. 133 Economic Skeptics > .>;. ..^ 134 Intellectual Blasphemer . ,„,, .^. . . .r.r. . .135 Monism-Pantheism . . . ... .:,-. .^. 136 ^Oiapter VI—Evolution 142-186 The Universe 143 Something From Nobody to Nowhere. . . 148 Origin of Life 154 Origin of Man 159 Natural Selection J,65 Resemblances , . . ^ . .: 171 Earth's History of Man 172 Eoliths .......>..r.:..'....174 Biogenetic Law , „. .:.;. . . .175 Blood Relatioxii} , >.. .^. ...... .176 Missing Links r««^'n- . .^..u.. ..s. .j.. ... > • • 177 Chapter VII— Jews ...» ..> .a^. .t^. . * . . 187-210 Modernized Judaism >.. .h..*^*^^. • • 193 Socialism .K.:.tK.*.»Lv. . 195 The Messiah 197 Genealogy of the Messiah r^^, 200 Time of Birth ^. ...... .202 Place of Birth .<. .r...:.. . .203 Virgin Birth .«^.. . . .204 Jewish Priesthood 204 Other Old Testament Prophecies Ful- filled ....,:.,......... 206 Chaptn VIII— Christ Himself ^.:,x...i...tK:„. ,:. . • .211-223 The Holy Trinity . . ..at.r*»..ffi*.-.s. .t*. . .212 Divinity of Christ . . ..a;..tLi»n-f .tB» .ct* -216 i CONTENTS Chapter IX— Christs Church 224-240 Church Defined ..../.. .r.^,. 227 Church Established , . . 229 Marks of Christ's Church 231 First Mark— Unity .:. . . . .232 Second Mark— Holy 235 Third Mark— Catholicity 237 Fourth Mark— Apostolicity 238 Chapter X— Peter, The Head Of Christ's Church 241-269 Petros-Petra .245 Gospel Proof of Peter's Primacy 247 Peter's Denial of Christ 251 Peter in Rome 252 Sovereign Pontiffs 257 List of Popes 258 Early Historic Evidence of Succession. .267 Chapter XI— The Church Infallible 270-294 Bible Testimony ..,. . ... .273 Misconceptions of Infallibility 278 Manifest Infallibility 280 Chapter XII— The Bible ...o. . . ^ . .:♦ 293-331 The Sin of Adam .^. .^,. ...:... .295 Search the Scriptures .298 Rule of Faith 299 Making Up the Bible 303 The Bible Belongs to The Church ... .308 Some Old Protestant Versions 312 Absurd Notions: Cain's Wife. 315 Luther's Discovery 317 Private Judgment 319 Sabbath vs. Sunday 320 Man's Word vs. God's Word 323 Chapter XIII— The Sects 334-364 Chronological List of Sects That Are No More 336 Protestantism , r.x., 338 Term Protestant : ,.,.. .338 Luther ^. 341 Henry Eight ,. 344 Origin of the Churches ^ . 349 CONTENTS I Chapter XI \ Sacraments 365-430 Number of Sacraments .368 One— Baptism .368 Infant Baptism 373 Two— Confirmation 378 Protestantism and Confirmation 379 Scripture and Confirmation 381 Three— Holy Eucharist 383 The Mass 390 How Mass Represents Sufferings of Christ 395 - Fourth— Penance 397 The Process of Confession ,.^. . .401 A Popular Notion 403 Vicious Views 403 Fifth— Holy Orders 407 Celibacy of the Clergy 412 Sixth— Matrimony ...416 Indissolubility . . : 419 Impediments 420 "Ne Temere" Decree 421 Divorce 423 Chapter XV— Good Works 431-457 Slavery 431 War ,....-.- 436 Good Deeds in War : . . 439 Work of Teaching 441 77 Catholic Universities, Before Refor- mation 443 39 Catholic Universities, Since Reforma- tion 444 3 1 Protestant Universities 444 Parochial and Public Schools 445 Works of Charity .452 Work By Nuns 454 Hospitals— Social Welfare Work .....455 Index 457 To His Emfnenoe The Cardinal-Archbishop of Boston who sent the autovan campaigners out on their holy mission, to the Archbishops, Bishops and Priests of America who have grac- iously promoted our apostolate to the man In the street, this book CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST — -is gratefully dedicated. , FOREWORD The motive lying back of this book is that of gratitude for Christian faith and a desire to give to others a straight- foward look at it. Having gone a long distance the wrong way for'^the right thing, we hesitated, and at length, since all else failed in our search for truth, we knocked at the door of the Catholic Church. There we found Truth without spot or- blemish. Truth, too, as it is applicable to all the ills that beset this sin-sick world of ours. The experience gained by our zealous work in a false cause we thought a good background for Campaigning For Christ. Of course, there were years between our public activity for Socialism and for Christ. Years in which the spirit, in agony, was swept free of false illusions. Years in which learn- ing to reason rightly we saw that things worthwhile were meas- ured by standards of eternal values. Years in which we were vilified by our sometime Comrades and in which we had no credit with those on the right side of life's battle. But when this period was over and we were permitted to go out into the open to spread the good news that the Catho- lic Church has in her keeping the grace by which each soul may perfect its human nature, so to bring in social justice on earth and to unlock the door to everlasting joy, we en- tered upon our mission with a thankful heart which no en- thusiasm has the language to record. Campaigning For Christ tells of our seven years work for God and for Country. It is sent out hoping and praying that others of the laity will put on the full armour of God and come to the aid of the Church in bringing in "the Peace of Christ in the Reign of Christ". \ "^^S"-'-"" s ^--"-^ ^ "^ •^>"' i i CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST CHAPTER I Carrying the message of Christ to the man in the street has met with a success that prompts us to present to loyal Ameri- cans the work carried on by the Catholic Truth Guild. We make the ambitious attempt to portray the mental inheritance— reli- gious and non-religious— of those groups of various minded per- sons who at random gather together in the parks, squares and streets where we take up our stand. On the other hand, as a corrective to this unhappy inheri- tance, we mean to set forth the Catholic inheritance of reli- gion, philosophy and science, gathered from the most reliable sources. In a word, this Campaign Book tells of our work and of the mental environment within which- we set forth the claim of Christ's Church upon all mankind in the hope that a like effort shall be made 'by Catholic laymen in every state in the Union. Since the ''Officers of the Catholic Truth Guild were con- verts and from widely different divisions of our American popu- lace, they are well qualified to sense the fact that those outside the Catholic fold— whatever their animus regarding things reli- gious—have no true acquaintance with things Catholic, neither its history, its doctrines nor its practices. More than that! It is certain that the non-Catholic ele- ments making up our audiences are altogether lacking in knowl- edge and in sympathy with those ingrained attitudes of mind native to Catholic Culture. So that, on their part, there is no question of insincerity or of hypocrisy ; they simply do not know Catholic belief. For, what they innocently or ignorantly, violently or perversely, assume to be the Catholic attitude of heart and mind is not so in any sense of fact. So our task in Campaigning for Christ is to win sympathy for truth ; to spread 12 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST abroad those things revealed by God and those things enacted into human history by Christ, by contrasting them with the man-made religions and the materialism of our own day. It should be noted that out-of-door audiences are quite dif- ferent in group-opinion from those assembled with a definite purpose of listening to a particular subject. This many sided state of mind is frequently put into speech by the questions that are put to the speakers by persons in the audiences. Although the meetings of the Catholic Truth Guild are conducted with dignity, the freedom from the restraints of indoor usage permit of a franker expression of approval or of disapproval of public speech. In^he streets, the motive prompting the defense of Catho- lic dogma, tradition and history is quite liable to misinterpre- tation by a minority of persons who are unfortunately misled by professional anti-Catholic agitators. They assume that these out-of-door meetings are but added evidence of the many insi- dious attempts by Catholics to work up a sentiment that shall, by the power of political ascendency, by the force of legislative action, and through the parochial schools, press the acceptance of the ''Romish Church" upon the people against their wish and will. Because the activity of this perverse minority is offensive to all who devoutly and loyally love God and country, it may well spur us on to win the confidence of that great majority of our fellow Americans, who are of other religious beliefs, by the charity of our message, that they may know us for what we real- ly are— sincere followers of Christ. This great body of our non-Catholic fellow-citizens will give us a hearing when we approach them in a right spirit and with a sympathetic understanding of their viewpoint and their men- tal inheritance from the setting up of the Protestant Church; and what more do we want than fair play in this free land? Many of them take ua at our word when we tell them that the CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST 13 sole motive of our Church is spiritual, not political; that her devoted children ask only for their Church those equal oppor- tunities with all other religious institutions, freely to enjoy the right of conscience, the exercise of those fundamental principles of religious liberty set forth in our Constitution and ever since upheld by the highest tribunal of justice in our country; and that since Justice is the foundation of America, neither they nor we have anything to fear. Our appeal is to truth! Since we Catholic laymen have been taught by our Church that religion is a matter of con- science, not of force, we may, in Campaigning for Christ, boldly proclaim our mission to be the reconciliation of our fellow Americans to the cause of unity in Christ. Our purpose is open,— to win by a truthful and courteous appeal their hearts and minds so that the spirit of Catholicity may permeate the home life— the foundation of civilization ; the industrial life— tlie relation of employer and employee;— the commercial life— the relation of buying and selling; the civil life— the relation of private citizens to office holders and law makers of our beloved country ; so that a great harvest of souls may be garnered into the Heavenly Kingdom for the love and fear of God. In Campaigning for Christ our opportunity lies in the deep-seated love of the American public for religious freedom and civil liberty. It is this sense of fair play that we rely upon to give us a hearing out in the open, and we have never been disappointed by a lack of courtesy from our audiences. Of course, this is not to be taken to mean that disapproval of our utterance has not been expressed, nor that obstruction has not been resorted to here and there by a few irresponsible indivi- duals. In consequence of the fact that the vast majority of our American people are not members of the Catholic Church it must needs be that their concept of things Catholic is far and 14 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST away from the truths that Catholics really believe. This com- mon misconception springs from causes fostered not merely by erroneous information regarding our Church history and doc- trine, which permeate nearly all English letters; nor does the deliberate malice that still controls many writers and speakers fill up the full sum of evil influence over the modern mind. There is added to all this misconception and rebellion a rapidly spreading psychology that paralyzes the conscience with the notion that science stands against the belief in the existence of God. Converting the man in the street is no holiday task ! These various and conflicting errors of false religions and of religious denials largely make up the mental state of the multitude who, together with Catholics, stop and listen to the advent of Christ, the story of the cross, and His Church that shall endure to the end of time. Taking the intellectual and moral measurements of Americans is not so difficult a task if we hold the several classes of basic culture in mind. There are the God-less, the Jews, the Protestants and the Catholics. . . . Atheists Although those who seek to divest themselves of moral re- sponsibility by denying the existence of God are of many shades and grades of mental acumen, the self-styled Atheist may be taken as fairly representative of that class of persons who are more or less persuaded that to die as the dog is the end-all and be-all of human life on earth. These persons^do not scruple to play fast and loose with facts as they know them to be. Quite a few of them are to be found in our street audiences. They are personal followers of men of lesser mental ability than the prince of their class— Voltaire— who said: "Lying la a vice only when it harms. You ought to lie like thf ^vil, not timidly or only once, but boldly, and all the time. Lie, liel imd some of it will be sure to stick!" CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST IS Shading off from this insolent and violent-minded man come the radicals of all sorts. These pose as believers in Science and accept as unassailable the "ipse dixit" of dozens of lecturers, writers and professors, who have no valid claim to speak wisely upon the moral nature of man. All those of the Socialist type are under the influence of Haeckel. His anti- Christianism, particularly his hatred of our Church, is presumed to stand on solid ground. Have they not seen his fabricated diagrams which prove man to be of monkey origin? Of course they have. Then there is a shade of pale pink radicalism also to be seen in our audiences. These folk abhor war— so they do I Peace at any price has their sanction, but all the while they pro- mote "World Revolution" that would sovietize private prop- erty and make "marriage free." Jews There is. frequently a large contingent of Jews present. Now and then, one of orthodox religious tendencies listens seriously to what is being said. In general the bond between them is racial rather than religious, their cause does not extend beyond themselves. Their inheritance is negative rather than positive, coming down from those Jewsl^who refused to accept Christ— the son of David— as the Messiah. Abandoned altogether is the very idea of the Messiah by the radical Jews who frequent our meetings. Their minds are poisoned by the false versions of the Span- ish Inquisition, the Galileo incident, and other alleged assaults upon justice and progress by the Catholic Church. Quite natur- ally they are Internationalists, so they are readily captive to the doctrine of Marxian Socialism, and ready to defend the Bolshevik. But even these Jews have a fierce pride in the fact that the greatness and power of the Catholic Church finds their roots in the faith of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. 16 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST Protestants. Especially in our large city meetings, Protestants and those descended therefrom make up a goodly portion of our audiences. Occasionlly a show of sharp resentment comes from one of this class for he, or she, has the firm conviction that Catholcis quite exceed their rights in making converts to Rome and by laying equal claim to all things American. *'This," forsooth, "is a Protestant country" and it is too much to stand by and hear the claim made that the Catholic Church is the one and only Church of Christ, and that the fundamental principles of America are in fact Catholic principles. Generally speaking, however, those who make up the Pro- testant element are but nominally Protestant— a much milder type, caring less for Christianity and more for America. Again, there is still another variety of mind amongst those some-time Protestants, those who are quite indifferent to distinction not alone between sects, but also between any religions whatsoever. One religion is as good as another because no religion is worth fighting for. But, for practical purposes, these folk are Pro- testants. Neither the right nor the left wing of this element, standing together with Radicals and Jews who have their own- psychology, have the least true knowledge of what lies in the mind and heart of Catholics, good or bad. Catholic thought and sentiment are as a sealed book to these Americans who have inherited the Protestantism of Pil- grim and Puritan ancestors. They hate authority in religion and they love their owiLprivate judgment as though it were the truth. They hate the union of church and state, but they do not know that this is a revolt against their own doctrine of the sixteenth century. Many of these good men and women who call themselves Qhristians have never read a Catholic book, and have never be- fore listened to an appeal to a public audiance to consider what CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST 17 Catholics believe, and to whom our obedience is pledged, they; have never reflected that it is through God's agents on earth,— the priests, bishops, and the Pope— that we learn how to gain the eternal reward for which our Heavenly Father created us and for which our Blessed Lord redeemed us. We enforce this opinion by quoting from a Methodist Minister, Rev. J. B. Hemmeon : "Protestants never think of such a thing as reading Catholic books, or periodicals; or anything that smells of 'Rome.' I never did; and yet I was, of all men, not a bigot It is an inborn and fostered prejudice of many generations. But this is not all. Not only, are Protestants absolutely ignorant of Catholic teaching, practice and his tory; but they generally believe a distorted caricature and call it 'Romanism'." (The Fairest Argument. 6. 20.) Taken together, these Atheists, Jews and Protestants hold in mind a very greatly distended caricature of the Catholic Church, and their emotions are held well in hand when as lov- ers of fair-play— a%. good Americans— they go so far as to listen to "Romanists" of whom they know nothing and fear every- thing. So that in Campaigning for Christ, the first thing re- quisite is sympathy, that is to say, charity. If a campaigner have not sympathy, in vain will he seek to reach a heart in his audience, made up of all sorts and conditions of Americans. If he have not sympathy he but adds another stumbling block to that big heap that lies in the pathway of the non-Catholic. The campaigner should hold himself tautly in hand when temp- ted to pour out the vials of his wrath upon an insulting and perverse questioner; for he is in truth as morally blind as the gentleman was physically blind who strode unconcernedly over his friend's magnificent bed of strawberries. But these dift'erent assorted persons, like all rational crea- tures, must seek truth. So together with charity must come plain-speaking, truth-insisting upon the existence of Gq4 as against the blatant atheist's opinion, and, the contrasting of Christ's church with man-made Christian sects from historic testimony. 18 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST Since then reflection is the proof of consciousness and con- sciousness the condition of religion— which is the knowledge of human relation to God and of man to man— it is clear that the lost must be found. Is it not admirably fitting that as servants of the Bishop, men and women, who bear upon their foreheads the seal of confirmation in the faith, should go out into the highways and the byways inviting with urgent stress those outside to come into the House of the Lord God? This is the privilege granted to the organizers of the Catholic Truth Guild. It Is taken also as a duty to our Blessed Lord and to our Fellow Amerjcans That the authority to teach was given by Christ only to His divinely selected ambassadors is never to be lost sight of. Only those so minded may be of real assistance in the work of Christ's Redemption. So it is that in his Encyclical "Duties of Christians As Citizens"— Pope Leo XIII voices the oppor- tunities that we have been permitted to embrace. In this authority we find the courage to go out into the open, to tell the story of the Heavenly Kingdom whose door is ever open to those who mourn and would be comforted. "Those (private individuals) on whom God has bestowed the gifts of mind with the strong wish of rendering themselves useful. . . . . These, so often as circumstances demand, may take upon themselves , not indeed the office of pastor, but the task of communi- cating to others what they themselves have received, becoming, as it 'were, living echoes of their masters in the Faith. Such co-operation on the part of tha laity has seemed to the Fathers of the Vatican Coun- cil so opportune and fruitful of good that they thought well to invite it, — in propagating Christian truth and warding off errors, the zeal of_ laity should, as far as possible, be brought actively Into play.'*" (Leo XIII.) PIONEER OPEN AIR CAMPAIGN Desire to Start CHAPTER II It was a great adventure that led us into the Catholic Church after the cause of Socialism had been seen for what it truly is,— an assault upon religion and right reason. It was idealism, dissatisfaction with the inhumanities of man towards man and hope of economic relations grounded in justice and maintained in social peace, that led us into the So- cialist movement, and it was these self-same aspirations that led us out of the radical world of thought and effort. Coming as we did from widely different classes with dis- tinctive racial characteristics and inheritances, the Socialist movement of the-early nineties of the last century afforded a dramatic scene of action remote enough from the commonplace of Americanism to give full play to the ardor we had to give to this supposedly great but unpopular cause. Mrs. Moore-Avery was the first old stock American woman to venture the then untried issue of socializing industry in the interest of the brotherhood of man. Together with the guber- natorial nominee, she stumped the Commonwealth of Massa- chusetts. A little later Mr. Goldstein, who had entered the party with a burning desire to bring into practice social equity and peace, was nominated as the first Socialist Candidate for Mayor of Boston. Years passed, bringing the conviction that the revolution- ary movement needed self-reformation. Then began our three- years' battle to rule out of its official propaganda the profession of anti-religious principles, attacks upon .v^ «■:•. . ■ j%y >< »^>'' ««»■•» » ■>> The New Autovan. David Goldstein and Arthur B. Corbett at St. Boniface Church, San Francisco, Easter Sunday Morning — 1918. CROSS COUNTRY TOUR 4^ form by Catholic Californians who are far-famed for their many good deeds. It was at the suggestion of Archbishop Haima that Mr. E. J. Tobin, David Supple, State Secretary of the K. of C, James B. Duffy, A. E. Cosgrove, Dion Holm, Jack Whalen and some other prominent Knights of Columbus organized the movement to raise $3,000.00 for the new Cadillac chassis upon which to mount our beautiful rostrum body, with which to campaign back to Boston. On Easter Sunday morning— 1918— Rev. Father Ildephonse O. F. M. in the name of Archbishop Hanna blessed the splendid new machine topped by our ''perambulating pulpit." --- A large crowd filled Golden Gate avenue to witness the solemn blessing of the auto-van, while the "movie picture peo- ple" photographed the occasion. -* Sergeant Arthur B. Corbett in a few brief and well choswi words presented F^her Ildephonse, who said: "By a very happy concidence, Easter Sunday morning has been chosen for the blessing of this remarkable car. As this day com- memorates the Resurrection of our Saviour from the g-rave, as it fore- shadows, by Christ's promise, our own future resurrection from death, so with this Easter Sunday, I fondly believe, begins a resurrection, of many from a grave of doubt, indifference and positive error in religious matters. "A hideous grave It is. Indeed, in which about sixty per cent, of our population has been engulfed, partly by designing men, but mostly by men who know no better. Now, here, resurrection is effected by informatioji. Indeed, information radiates, at times sparkles, from the Catholic pulpit. Catholic instructions. Catholic literature and from the beautiful lives of model Catholics. "However, on account of the circumstances of this country^ those rays cannot and do not penetrate down into the depths of that dense darkness that envelops sixty million of our fellowmen. We must reach out to that method to which we have been beaten by the devil. As usual, the children of this world are wiser in their genera- tion than the children of light. They reach the people in the parks, the public squares, the street corners, and belch forth their blasphemy against God, the Christ, and the Church of Christ. In order to punc- ture those deceptive, blasphemous soap bubbles, I should like to con- front every soapboxer throughout the land with a sacred car of thl» kind, bringing a man like the spirituar hero whom we honor today, Mr. David Goldstein. 50 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST "He is eminently qualifled to discuss the burningr questions of the day. Born, educated and intensely active outside the fold, he learned there the temper and tenets of that class of people. Called like St. Paul into the fold, he is now inspired by the love, the grati- tude, the enthusiasm of a sincere convert to make known to the multi- tude the solidity and the beauty of Catholic doctrine. The American people, always anxious to grant fair play and to hear both sides of a mooted question,, are more than willinfi: to welcome his words. "As the Church blesses everyone and everything- that lends itself to the glorious service of spreading the truth, so in the name of the Church I gladly bless this automobile pulpit that it may bring the truth to the four corners of this country. 'Go into the whole world teach all nations, teach every creature,' said Christ to His Apostles. If He stood here now, He would say to this willing servant: 'Take this car into every city of this State, into every city of every State of the Union, and make known the truths that first came from My lips.' "What an honor for us to have this holy mission begin from St. Boniface church! I fondly hope that its fruits will bring blessings upon our people. I feel all the more moved by the thought that this movement over the Cartiino Real of the Padres from San Francisco to San Diego is started from a Franciscan Church and under the guidance of one who is himself a tertiary, a member of the Third Order of St. Francis. His reward you read in the sacred pages of scripture: 'They that are learned shall shine as the brightness of the firmament ana they that instruct many to justice, as stars for all eternity.' (Dan.l2:3)" Mr. Goldstein responded, telling of the organization of the Catholic Truth Guild in co-operation with Mrs. Martha Moore Avery, its president, and others, and of the generous reception the work has received from those outside of the fold as well as those who are within Christ's Church. ^We deem it a great pleasure to be permitted to work for the advancement of Catholic doctrine, history and practices," said Mr. Goldstein, "and for this honor we are indebted first of all to Boston's Cardinal-Archbishop, His Eminence William H. O'Connell, D. D., who has greatly encouraged us in our en- deavor. But we owe to your good Archbishop, the Most Rev- erend Edward J. Hanna, D. D., the generous hearted welcome to this land of great Catholic traditions where the movement to evangelize the man in the streets starts to take on nation-wide proportions. We have been here for the past few months and have had an excellent opportunity to become acquainted with CROSS COUNTRY TOUR - 51 your Archbishop and his untiring effort to make this world bet- ter than it is. "With pleasure, we repeat the words of Boston's Cardinal that the Catholics of California, aye the citizenry of the whole State, are fortunate in having- such a splendid valiant leader as Archbishop Hanna in command of Christ's citadel in this Westland. His work inspires men to be obedient to the Cross of Christ and loyal to the Star Spang-led banner. "Then again the generous reception we have received from the Franciscan Fathers under the leadership of Father Ildephonse, and their blessing, seconded by the members of this great St. Boniface parish, stimulate our zeal for the cause our lives are devoted to advance. "No more generous-hearted people can be found in this broad land than the Catholics of California. It required but a word from Archbishop Hanna, and the Knights of Columbus of the San Francisco Bay Cities got together and purchased for us this grrand perambulat- ing rostrum, which it is an honor to see dedicated to the Cross of Christ by the Franciscian Fathers in this city of St. Francis on this beautiful Easter morn. "We came here with the outfit of a plebeian and we leave with that of a patrician — thanks to our friends one and all. Our machine was bought from a Knight of Columbus, it was rebuilt by a Knight of Columbus, it bears tlie emblem of the Knights of Columbus, and the movement to raise the fund to pay for it was started by the Knights of Columbus, who are being assisted by members of the Toung Men's Institute, the Third Order of Saint Francis and others. We thank them all. "I , accept the magnificent auto-van not as a personal gift though I appreciate deeply the warm regard shown me by the Catho- lics of this community, but as a gift to the cause my colleagues and I represent. We pray that the work we shall do with the auto-van may bring us many of God's graces and that all those who have con- tributed to it shall share in them." We left San Francisco and started on our homeward way rejoicing. All along the line the inner circle knew that we had gone to the Coast with a Ford and were returning home, with a car. Homeward From San Francisco through the diocese of Monterey and Los Angeles we made our way to San Diego. • Bishop John J. Cant well, D. D., welcomed us to his diocese, '^ hoping," as he wrote us, that our efforts within his ecclesiastical jurisdiction 52 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST * 'would meet with the same success as has attended your work in San Francisco, of whidi we have heard many, good words." Our schedule for meetings in South California lay along the historic El Camino Real (King's Highw^), a seven hundred mile road over which the intrepid Junipera Serra and his fellow Franciscan padres many a time traveled afoot, in those far-ofif days when they established the Missions of California. Hap- pily, there is a reaction from that vicious policy that permitted the spoliation of these Missions and the breaking up of that priestly civilization that was teaching the arts and crafts to those native Americans. To no others do they owe so bright a spot in their history since the white man set his foot on the continent of North America. From Needles— the easternmost city of the Southern part of California— the land of the golden poppies— we entered the State of 7\rizona, passing over the Old Trail Road— the Santa Fe Trail— where our thoughts were stirred by recalling the deeds of those Pioneers of Christ who brought to the red men the knowledge of Eternal Salvation. The. contrast was thril- ling:— how easy was our own hard road over the long stretches of sand ! We were traveling with a motor-power van, privileged to carry the image of Christ and to speak to audiences who were ready for our coming, over the self -same route that was blazed on foot, in 1776 by two holy enthusiasts, the daring Spanish Padres Graces and Esconlante, who crossed Northern Arizona to open up a highway of communication from Santa Fe to the newly created Missions of San Gabriel and Monterey in Cali- fornia. These inspired pioneers were the first white men to view the petrified forests, great canyons, cliff dwellings, extinct volcanoes, mountain peaks and lands where now their names are honored by the citizens of Arizona— by citizens who suggest to alert minds how vast are the differences in the elements that go to make up our young and wonderful nation. CROSS COUNTRY TOUR 53 It was an inspiration to visit in Santa Fe (the City of the Holy Faith of St. Francis) the Church of San Miguel, built in 1607, thirteen years before the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock. It is still used as a Chapel by the Christian Brothers, in Sante Fe. Here, too, we recalled the fact that when Gen. Lew Wallace was writing Ben Eur he drew his pen pictures from these scenes of New Mexico where the Catholic priests had been gathering into the fold of Christ those native children of America. This added strength to our realization that the Church of Christ had played a great part in creating our free country. A drive over the Raton Pass with its eighteen hair- pin-turns brought us into rugged Colorado. We covered Colo- rado from Trinidad in the South to Fort Collins in the North and back again as far as La Junta. From there we journeyed into Kansas and on through the states mentioned above as form- ing a part of our -i 'cross-country tour." In Western Massachu- setts we held two or three meetings and drove on to Worcester. Here the President of the Catholic Truth Guild, Mrs. Martha Moore Avery, greeted our arrival and accompanied us back home to Boston. Certainly this open air campaigning for Christ, even in our up-to-date times, was something of an endurance test. To make dates across the continent and to keep dates across the conti- nent without a hitch from first to last was a balm to soothe our fatigue. But the home coming reception arranged in our honor by the President of the Guild was far and away beyond what we had dreamed about on setting forth. His Eminence Car- dinal O'Connell, whose faith in our ability to carry forward this venture inspired us to press on to success, came to Boston Com- mon "to greet the return of the modern Crusaders of the Faith." '' The heavens seemed to smile a benediction on the great gather- ing of many thousands assembled on the slopes of the athletic field, facing the monument dedicated to Boston*s brave sons who 54 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST fell in the battles of the Civil War, for the day was an idea! mid-summer Sunday." The welcome home was a huge and most gratifying success in every way. His Eminence the Cardinal made a majestic figure as he stood upon the platform of the pulpit-car to receive the mes- sage of His Grace Archbishop Hanna of San Francisco from the hand of David Goldstein, the bearer of the letter: San Francisco My dear Cardinal O'Connell. V\^e start Mr. Goldstein on his homeward way. He bears to you not only the good wishes of the Archbishop, but also a testimony of fine services rendered to our people of the West. His work has been successful, and the success has been due entirely to his zeal for the g-reat cause, and to the eloquent as well as intelligent presentation of his theme, He will always be welcoine here. I am always. My dear Cardinal, Your ever devoted friend, EDW^ARD J. HANNA. CARD'INAL ON BOSTON COMMON "What a wonderful journey you have rnade, the first of its kind perhaps in the history of the world! Long- and tedious and tiresome it must frequently have been but for the motive which inspired it and epeeded the van of faith on its glorious course through desert places, over 'mountain passes, along majestic rivers, by quiet villages, amid the teeming cities of industry, and which gained force as nearer and nearer grew vision of home. "The zeal for religion which inspired the journey made its hard- ships easy, and, now that the journey is ended, you may well rejoice at the fruits of it and take well deserved satisfaction from the memdry which it now brings. "You have fulfilled well your misison and I feel sure that you have scattered a sacred seed all along that glorious path — of the love of religion and of the love of America. For that was the mandate g-iven you when last I saw you, before beginning your great and holy adventure. Make the Church better known and America more be- loved: these were my words to you and you have observed them well. Cross and Flag "Above your chariot of faith and patriotism side by side were Ufled the banner of Christ and the Stars and Stripes. On one side of It were the immortal words of Washington, on the other the battle CROSS COUNTRY TOUR 55 kymn of faith, and your motto was a glorious on«, 'For Faith and Fatherland.' To make both better known and better loved, is the noblest cause in all the world to labor for, and God will surely bless those who labor In this gacr©d cause. Cardinal O'Connell on Boston Common, street campaigrners home from California. gives welcome to "We are proud of this splendid patriotism which our boys mani- fest today upon the battlefields of Europe. They are willingrly offering their lives that liberty may not perish, and every true American today is glad to offer of his best for America's triumph and America's glory. "Shall we do less for God and His truth? Must we not show before the world the same and even a higher sentiment of courage and generosity than that which the soldier shows for his flag? This sacred enterprise undertaken in His name gives assurance that while we flght for America's honor and the cause of freedom we are not unmindful of the Church's honor and the cause of God. 56 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST A Sacred Bond "The messages you have brought me from those great sentinels of religion all along your route, from Archbishop Hanna of San Fran- cisco and many other of my colleagues in faith, bring joy and consola- tion to us all. We are all striving alike to be good Americans and good Catholics. And the track you have traced from the old settle- ment of St. Francis to Boston will ever be a sacred bond wlsich binds us all stronger than ever to our holy Church and our beloved country. "We thank them all from the bottom of our hearts for the friendly welcome they offer to us through you. "May God reward your efforts for His glory and the country's welfare and may the success of this glorious venture be to you only a stimulus to still higher efforts, unselfish labor and untiring zeal; and may the blessing of God, the Father, Son and Holy Ghost descend upon you and abide with you forever. Amen." The meeting adjourned at the conclusion of an address by the President of the Guild, who told of its organization, the work it had done and of the hope entertained that open-air cam- paigning for Christ should some day extend throughout the Country. This was indeed a red-letter day in the history of Boston Common. For religious liberty and civil liberty blossomed together with no thought of possible conflict between Church and State— with no thought of one sphere being absorbed by the other. The Catholic Truth Guild rejoiced in this first use of Boston Common by our distinguished Cardinal Archbishop, in his reception of our transcontinental Crusaders. Campaigning in the East Enthusiastic meetings were held throughout the remaining season of 1918 in the Archdiocese of Boston. During the five years since then the auto-van has been seen upon the street corners and in the parks of numerous cities in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Mary- land, and in Washington. In the season of 1922 the Auto-van made its way from Bos- ton through Western Massachusetts over the Mohawk Trail, up CROSS COUNTRY TOUR 57 through the Adirondacks to the Canadian Border. We held meetings going and coming. It was a gratifying tribute to our success that several return dates were wanted in the larger cities. Notable meetings were held in the dioceses of Springfield, Albany, and Ogdensburg. Two meetings, on successive days, were held at the Catholic Summer School of America. The arrival of the Auto-van was reported from Cliff Haven: "The outstanding feature of the sixth week at the Catholic Sum- mer School of America was the open air meetings conducted by the Catholic Truth Guild. Large crowds from Plattsburg and vicinity swelled the entire Cliff Haven population which turned out to hear these pioneer Catholic Campaigners." David Gold- stein's subject was "A Message to Atheists, to Protestants, to Jews and to Catholics." The next day Mrs. Moore Avery traced American Democracy back to its Origin in the Church of Christ. Bishop O'Leary, Bishop Gibbons and Bishop Conroy gen- erously welcomed the auto-van Campaigners and asked them to come again at any time. His Lordship Bishop Conroy declared : "The next time you come to my diocese I shall go out with you myself on the autovan." We content ourselves with the fact that things Catholic are set forth in the open ; that crowds stand and listen. Yet many a personal talk behind the van during this trip of more than a month's hard work, promised not merely a passing interest. Be- sides it was reported that in one city, Willsboro, three persons had placed themselves under instruction in Catholic doctrine. A notable event during the 1923 campaign was the autovan tour from Boston to Washington and return. It satisfied a long cherished ambition to set forth the Catholic faith on the streets in the Capital of our own America. The press of Washington gave us generous space. The Washington POST, the HERALD and the TIMES took pictures of our *' Rolling Tabernacle," as they dubbed our auto-van, and told the story of our unique 58 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST method of carrying Catholic doctrine to the populace and of its inauguration in Boston in 1917. This publicity won for us two large meetings on Pennsylvania Avenue in view of the Capitol and the White House. * Our experience is good testimony that the ecclesiastics of our Country are actively in favor of a lay apostolate to the man in the street, so in accord with lay activity recommended by His Holiness the illustrious Pope Leo. Our correspondence with twenty-nine Archbishops and Bishops brought most cordial arid favorable responses from all but four of them, and these thought the time inopportune within their ecclesiastical jurisdiction. We present, with pardonable pride, excerpts from letters received in answer to our communications: Cardinal O'Connell, Boston: "His Eminence sends the Catholic Truth Guild his blessing and cordial best wishes for a very sucessful and pleasant across- country trip in the interest of Holy Mother Church." ■<* Archbishop Hanna, San Francisco: "His Grace gladly welcomes you. He is quite sure that the truths of Church put in a popular way to those outside the fold, will make for conversions." ♦ Bishop Granjon, Tucson, (Ariz.) •'You have my hearty permission to carry on your wojk while en route through Arizona, and I wish you abundant success and God's blessing. Bishop Cantwell, Los Angeles "The Rt. Rev. Bishop is very glad indeed to extend permission to hold the open air campaign of the Catholic Truth Guild In this Diocese. May God bless you and your favored undertaking:." CROSS COUNTRY TOUR 59 Bishop Alerding, Fort Wayne: "My dear Mr. Goldstein: — I address you in this familiar way, be- cause your worthy name is well and endearingly known to true Catho- lics all over this country. Prince of the Lay Apostolate, you are wel-- come in the Diocese of Fort Wayne, whenever you may visit Northern Indiana. "May God grant you health and many more years of usefulness to advance the great interests of His Church. "Believe me to be Devotedly in Christ. Archbishop Pitaval, Santa Fe : "His Grace the Most Reverend Archbishop wishes me to state that the Catholic Truth Guild will be most welcome to his Archdiocese and have full approval and hearty co-operation in its endeavors. Archbishop Glennon, St. Louis : "Of course yoir have my full permission to arrange for meetings in this Archdiocese. "I need not say that I shall be very glad to do what I can to make your meetings successful, and shall be glad to hear from you again as you develop the matter." Archbishop Mundelein, Chicago : "You have my permission to arange for such meetings as you will have time and oportunity for." Bishop Schembs, Toledo : "I have been following your auto-van campaign with a great deal of interest. You are doing a good work. More power to you. If on your transcontinental tour you pass through the Diocese of Toledo, I assure you of a hearty welcome." ^ Bishop Muldoon, Rockford: "I am glad to hear of your pronounced succes on the Coast .... Glad to give you permision to hold meetings in the Rockford Dloces« Indicate your route and I will notify the priests." 60 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST Bishop Beaven, Springfield : "You have carte blanche in the Diocese of Springfield." Bishop O'Leary, Springfield : "You have my permission to arrange for meetings in the Diocese of Springfi-eld and my cordial best wishes for success in your work." Archbishop Harty, Omaha : Yes, I will welcome you to Omaha I will bring the (mat- ter before the K. of C, or some other organization, because success would be obtained if some preparation were made setting forth your aims and plans before your arrival. Bishop Cusack, Albany: ♦ 'You have permission to arrangre meetings within this Diocese with wishes of every Ruccess." Bishop Gibbons, Albany : "I commend most heartily to the clergy of the diocese the auto- van work of the Catholic Truth Guild, and request them to lend their aid In every way to the apostolic work." Bishop Tihen, Denver : "You not only have my hearty approval, but 1*11 have their (K. of C.) official heads if they do not make a success of your Colorado tour." Bishop Ward, Leavenworth : "Rcqu-est is jrantod on your w-ir across the coniin< ni." Bishop Hennessy, Wichita: "You are welcome lo KaD^as.' CROSS COUNTRY TOUR 61 Bishop Dowlingy Des Moines { '*I shall be quite j^appy to do what I can I wish you » pespeotfxil hearing My blessing: on you and all such as you who oeek the dry places trtdoh the devil of the Scriptures frequented and still haunts awaiting in alarm the Modern Michael." Bishop Lillis, Kansas City : "Shall sugrgrest that you corriispoad with them as to time and other arrangements desired and am Bure they will be deligrhted." Bishop Farrelly, •:.|>^?^S^S3iMfe^-'~^^rV Cleveland: "The Rt. Rev. Bishop will be most pleased to have you hold meetings any place in the Diocese of Cleveland, and will be delighted to see you personally. He wishes you and your associates every suc- cess in your noble work, and he feels sure that with God's blessing it will bring forth abundant fruit" Bishop O'Connor, Newark : "Your work meets with my endorsement. You are welcome to the Diocese of Newark, and I pask assure you a fair and interested kearing." Archbishop Curky, > Baltimore: "I have no objecUoB wlurtioever to your holding meetings with- in the limits of the Archdiocese of Baltimore." Bishop Dunne, Peoria : "The open air campaign of the Catholic Truth Guild has my most cordial approval. Permission is hereby granted to hold your mctings in every city, town, hamlet, and crossroad under my jurisdic- tion. "That the good Lord may crown your efforts with succes is the fervent prayer of Yours sincerely in Christ." Bishop Conroy, Ogdensburg : "I am happy to inform you that the courtesies of the Diocese Of Ogdensburg will be accorded to you and to your co-workers In thO jpdan for open air meetings. "Praying Gk»d to bfess you and yeur work." 62 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST The officers of the Guild were also highly gratified by the endorsement of their open air work by two national organiaa- tions. To quote: The Catholic Federation of America, Kansas City Convention, (1918), "Federation greets with saiisfaction the advent of the auto-van campaig^n of the Catholic Truth Guild, inaugurated in Massachusetts under the patronage of His Eminence, the Cardinal-Archbishop of Boston. Our hopes and prayers are that this new work of the lay apostolate will be extended nation-wide." The First National Third Order Convention of the United States. "Believing that the opportune time has arrived to follow the example of our beloved father in Christ, St. Francis, who went out on the highways and in the byways to preach the Gospel of Christ cricified; "Believing that the apostleship of the laity should be extended to the carrying of the Catholic message of individual, family, economic and civic w^ll-being to the man in the street; "Believing that the practicality of the work has been amply demonstrated by the Catholic Truth Guild of Boston. "Believing that the errors preached on our street corners, squares and in our public parks should be and can be counteracted through expression out in the open by laymen of the reasons for the faith witk which, by God's grace, they have been blessed; "We recommend that this work be endorsed and we pledge our active support in furthering this mission and all other lay movements of a similar character which have received the approbation of the ordinary of the diocese." In our experience we have found that there are many Catho- lic laymen and women who desire to do the work. Indeed, we have had more applicants than we have been able to use to good advantage. Of course, this is only another way of saying that a training department might well be established in our country for such lay apostles. The officers of the Guild are pleased to bespeak the efficient assistance given them by Sergeant Arthur B. Corbett, George R. Mitchell, Dr. Albert Fall and William E. Kerrish. These gentle- men have taken the part of Chairmen at the meetings during our various tours. Paul Hanley Furfey, James J. Corbett, John CROSS COUNTRY TOUR 63 J. Connelly, and Daniel Dwyer, all of whom have since entered the Sacred ministry, were very effective campaigners for Christ. Daniel Foley, George Collier McKinnon and Charles E. Fay, together with several others, have at various times done good work upon the rostrum of the auto-van. One word should, perhaps, be said with regard to the diffi- culty of holding the use of our out-of-door platform strictly for the propagation of the faith. There are many second-rate poli- ticians here in America who so confuse social sympathy with loyalty to the Church ; who so confuse their own political am- bitions with the right objectives of Catholic citizens and have been so persistent in their efforts to mount the platform in their own interest that during the first two seasons it was necessary to say, ''No," with an emphasis not altogether pleasant. We had lesser problems to deal with. Young men wanted to be given a tryout.-. They seemed to think that petty personal grievances in which employers had badly treated their Catholic employees was the story that was wanted in campaigning for Christ. Again, self-seekers, now and then a braggart dressed by Uncle Sam, would do anything for us. So they would! Sell literature? Perish tlie thought. They wanted to speak, to be known as orators, to extol their own feats of glory in defense of America. Needless to say that such uses of the pulpit car could not be permitted. DIFFICULTIES Feared but not Found Objection to our open air Campaigning for Christ rarely came from priests; yet many of the laity looked upon street meetings as quite beneath the dignity of the Catholic cause. Brows would be lifted , an attitude of aloofness would be main- tained: "Has the church come to this?" Of course, timidity mixed with condescension was to be expected. And happily 64 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST enough, when we were not satisfied we were tolerated, because the Bishops had permitted the Guild to start out on its mission. From friends also there was fear that conflicts wordy and otherwise would arise. But as * 'nothing ventured, nothing have" is the byword, risks must be taken if things Catholic are to be better understood by the general public. It was thought to require a vast deal of coiu*age to set up our Crucifix and then to face a gathering crowd that might be hostile in a more forceful way than with mere words. No, —bad words from the enemy were good proof that the paths to con- version should be made plain. Nor did the prospect of fists in the face daunt us. What then? Should not a blow struck against one campaigning for Christ be received in honor? Besides, we had passed through strenuous times, unwitting- ly deferiding a bad cause,— our president having been the one woman in the last half of the last century to be mobbed in a Massachusetts city, for doing the wrong thing with a good inten- tion. Nothing of the kind happened in Campaigning for Christ. On the streets and in the public parks the right of Americans to free speech was, with rare exceptions, fully respected. Never have we even thought of calling upon our courage when facing street audiences; but rathier have we called upon the Holy Spirit to give us the words to fit the occasion. Never fear, but often a great joy, has fallen upon us; when drawing near we have in wondering surprise become aware that the glorious chimes of the great Mission Church of Boston were ringing out their glad notes of welcome for the purpose of our coming, and rJiat the bells of the magnificent Carmelite Monastery in Santa Clara were sounding abroad tl^eir tribute of joy at the coming of our unique apostolatc from across the continent. But there is greater joy still when a good priest friend who had feared evil consequences from Catholic propaganda in the open is won over to the cause of the Catholic Truth Guild and CROSS COUNTRY TOUR 6$ adds our methods to the many already in use. "I was one of those priests who feared to have you come to my parish lest trouble should arise," said Rev. Albert A. Fate, of Oak Harbor, Ohio, "but you have settled me. I am going to tell the Bishop that we ought to have an auto-van in this diocese of Toledo." The Denver Catholic Register (May 9, 1918) under the caption— OPPOSITION TO PLAN OF OUTDOOR MISSION WORK FADES AS IDEA IS PROVED HELPFUL- expresses this opinion— '^Several Colorado committees have not looked with favor on the plan, but it is a safe bet that the next time the auto- van of the Catholic Truth Guild comes this way these lay apostles will find every community door open to them." In Quincy, Illinois, there was a rather active desire to shut out the auto- van. It was thought that such a meeting would "crown the bigots." When a committee came from a self-elected group to wait upon Rev. M. J. Foley, editor of the Western Catholic, requesting that he should discourage the holding of our open air meeting. Father Foley, who Is keenly alive to the spirit of the time sent back this dramatic message: "Well, if it is good enough for Cardinal O'Connell, it is good enough for me. Tell them that Goldstein is coming." The next mdftning after the meeting a two-column report— ail ''to the good"— appeared in The Herald. Fifteen hundred persons were present and a good number of Catholic books were purciiased. When the next issue of "The Western Catholic" came out the Editor's satisfaction was seen to be complete: "They came! Saw! and conquered in Quincy." (June 20, 1918.) The following excerpt from a letter written to America (April 8, 1918) by Mr. William A. Lynch, one of California's influential Catholic laymen, stoutly and eloquently defends Catholic propaganda in the streets. "The success of street preaching in tl^e City of Saint Franois was to be expected — but in Oakland, a'nd in so'rn© ©f the surrounding cities and towns, where the percentage of CatholliBS is comparatively smal^ and where the spirit of an ti- Catholicism is agrgressive and powerful 66 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST ^~irr«0p8Cts for Oattolic street preaching were to say the ^astg dls- ttec^y'^scoi^ragtoer, If not forbiddingr. Hence when it was suggested %t the Catholic Federation of Oakland to invite the auto-van and its t]»eakers to our city the proposal was vehemently opposed. It was ob- jfioted that Buoh preaching degraded the sacred doctrines of the Church to the level of soap-box Socialism and similar 'isms' of the curb-stone. But the chief objection that was in everybody's mind was that such public defense or propaganda of Catholic teaching would drive the alert and powerful bigotry of the city to acts of greater aggressiveness and repression, "fhe wisest thiog, in the judgment of many, was to leave bad enough alone, and not make it a great deal worse. "Fortunately, however, better counsels prevailed, and the Catho- lic Truth Guild aU'to-van cattle to Oakland. It was driven up to one of the principal street corners of the city, and from its platform, under the street lights, a crowd of 2,000 was addressed for over two hours DuriQg tl^e entire time the people stood and listened with most respec. ful attention. At the close, after we had answered some objectlot._, a large number of books were dispose^ of. So unexpected and so gratifying was the success of the experiment that at the next meeting of the Federation of Catholic Societies it was unanimously voted to request that another meeting be held In Oakland on a Sunday after- noon when it would be more convenient for the people to attend. The members of the Federation who were most enthusiastic for the return oT the speit'kers and who wanted to make the best possible arrange- ments — ^were the very people who in the beginning so strenuously apposed it for fear of the consequences. The incident shows that the rtoedy for bigotry is not silence and inaction but truth, truth properly presented. " _ Indeed I myself, and others too, as we listened, could B^ot help imagining what might be the magnitude of blesesd esuits If, Ipltead of one, we had one hundred Catholic Truth auto-vans manned Sy its announced his intention to return to his duties. The presence of Protestant ministers gives an added zest to the occasion, especially if they ask questions. Even if they but halt and then pass us by, as sometimes they do, after look- ing us over and reading the inscription of Washington's fare- well address and the refrain of Cardinal O'Connell's Holy Name Hymn on our auto-van, the audience is aware that our mere presence is testimony that the Catholic Church is at home in America. Questions from Protestant ministers are in general of much more educational value than are those from skeptical laymen, since they fall as a rule upon some point of Church history, for example, whether or not Christ established a visible church. While we were in the Episcopal city (Toledo) of Rt. Rev. Joseph Schrembs, who had arranged sixteen meetings for us, an incident took place outside our regular work on the van that is perhaps worth setting down here, with the intention of en- couraging Catholic laymen to challenge the utterances of those many radical speakers who out in the open are traducing things sacred : Challenge Accepted One evening Messrs. Goldstein and Corbett rallied forth to take note of what was going on in Toledo. They came upon a Secularist haranguing a crowd by despoiling the Bible, it was a 'dirty book.' He challenged any one to prove the existence of God. Out of the crowd came a voice, firm and resolute. "I'll accept the challenge." It was Goldstein. "The Atheist yielded with the admonition that religion not politics was the subject. For he had altogether mistaken his man A bystander said, *It was immense. It was magnificent 1 72 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST It was more than I can express, the way David Goldstein cowed the atheist haranguer, by proving the existence of God and man's responsibility to him.' . "When the fifteen minutes were up the infidel tried to re- cover ^is hold upon the audience by saying that Mr. Goldstein was himself an infidel to his faith. Then came Mr. Corbett's opportunity. In free thought fashion, he challenged the statement. As the crowd would hear Mr. Corbett in preference to the Secularist, Mr. Goldstein's con- version was set forth as it is, a grace from God by which he be- came enlightened by the Light that Enlightened the World. In Los Angeles two incidents happened, one upon the heels of the other. First, a self-styled "blood-washed Elder— God's chosen messenger to the churches"— who was indeed a pic- turesque figure in a very high hat and a very high clerical col- lar— asked several questions that were answered seemingly to the satisfaction of the audience. Then this "President of the Atonement Union" stentoriously announced : "I shall s^eak here next Sunday and prove to you that the Catholic Church is not a Christian Church." A good natured laugh was the an- swer to his brag. Then followed the second incident ; an earth- quake. The auto-van lurched forward ; the buildings around the square trembled and the faces of the people went v^^hite. No, the end was not yet,— all was well and the meeting pro- ceeded to a successful end. Early one morning in Kansas with the thermometer at 100 in the -shade we refreshed ourselves at the spring— Hiawatha. A typical westerner of the artistic type looked over the van. Indi- cating the O'Connell under the refrain from His Eminence's Holy Name Hymn: "Ha, that's my name." Half to himself he continued, "My father loved Daniel O'Connell and named me after him." A little talk plainly showed that the gentleman had not the sligbtek acquaintance with things Catholic. Then he asked, "Is this a religious movement?" Mr. Goldstein answered and CROSS COUNTRY TOUR 73 then questioned— Are you a Catholic?" "No, I'm a Protestant, my father was a Baptist." Then, in what seemed like words prompted, it was suggested to the man with the famous Catholic name that, since he was proud of the name O'Connell and loved its association with Daniel, he should consider that what was good and great in Daniel O'Connell was Catholic; that Daniel O'Connell's far flung fame rests upon his fight against the Penal laws that deprived Irishmen— Catholics— of religious liberty; that he died on his way to Rome and his last wish was that his heart should be taken to Rome and his body back to his beloved Ireland ; that it was probable that th^ gentleman's father's peo- ple had been robbed of the opportunity to practice their faith, but the love of things Catholic had persisted in the father's love for Daniel O'Connell. The stranger listened with a suppressed eagerness, as though a new world had come in view. With a parting handclasp the man who had been proud of his name, without knowing why, was left on the Kansas side of the border to ponder over its real significance, while we drove on our way into Nebraska. Innumerable personal incidents behind-the-van might be told to show that the field is white to the harvest. And we hope these confidences are so many little candles lighted to show the inquirers the way home to Rome. Besides the bishops who have honored our efforts by per- sonal observation, our work has been studied by priests who are especially interested in the extension of open air campaigning. Having attended some meetings on Boston Common, Father Martin J. Scott, SJ., the noted author, wrote to congratulate the Guild's officers. **I am impressed by the size and attention of the crowd. You had the largest audience, by far of any on the Mall." The eloquent Missioner Rev. Xavier Sutton, C. P., during a visit to St. Gabriel's Monastery (Brighton, Mass.), came to one of our meetings on a cold blowy Sunday. No other of the ususal meetings was held, but hundreds of persons were clus- 74 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST .-' tered around the auto-van eagerly absorbing every word that was uttered in explanation of the Catholic cause. So enthusias- tic about the work was Father Sutton that he was heard to say : "I am going to recommend the Guild's work to Bishop McDevitt/ when I get back to Harrisburg. If I were to remain in Boston I would ask Cardinal O'Connell for permission to go out with the speakers." Dozens of other priests have expressed their desire to speak to street audiences. Publicity The Catholic press, from ocean to ocean, has been generous in giving us space. And pastors, everywhere, have gladly an- nounced our coming. So good have they been that often they have made us thoroughly ashamed of having done so little. The secular press, daily and weekly, have, when reporting our meetings, given favorable versions of them. Many news- papers have sent out their photographers, immediately upon our arrival to picture our outfit, and others have used our own three column cuts of our auto-van, also pictures of the Guild speakers. We are happy to say that during our seven years open air work not one hostile newspaper report has been seen, and we have gathered the newspaper reports for our scrap-book. In one city only has a letter in opposition to our Catholic propaganda appeared in the newspapers. This was in Pitts- field, Massachusetts. An Italian evangelical minister wrote a letter to The Eagle in which he * Vehemently protested" against the assertion that the infallibility of the Pope applies only to his definitions of faith and morals. The gentleman had great praise for Garibaldi. Of course, it was to be expected that vicious sheets like The Menace would enter upon a relentless tirade against *' Car- dinal O'Connell's Roman Catholic missionaries in the streets and parks of Protestant Massachusetts." Their evident intention was to suggest "rough house" treat- ment for us. But this was never attempted. Their fake ex- CROSS COUNTRY TOUR 75 priests and ex-nuns do well to appreciate the fact that free speech and free assembly is the law of our land and not for the purpose of riot or slander. We go .out to tell what our Church teaches us to believe, as having the one authoritative voice in all this world regarding things religious and moral, not to insult those who differ with us, therefore our receptions have always been courteously American. There is no danger of Americans losing their rights if thfey use them. Slanderers are not brave with the courage of free men, but brazen with the impudence of the Father-of-Lies. From competent editors, who are truly American and who regard civil liberty as the safeguard of our individual right to worship God after the manner of our conscience, we have received high and most welcome tributes. In reporting our meeting in Central Square, Cambridge, Mass.— The SenUnel told of the 2000 persons who had listened with attention and had cheered the speakers when they drove off in the auto-van. The Editor took this occasion to say: The Sentinel, (Cambridge, Mass.) "However intelligrent men may differ we may feel thankful that while the urge of national and race hatreds, rivalries and sordid busi- ness grreed, beats furiously against truth, threatening to engulf the world in its swirl of chaos, it is well such an unswerving institution as the Catholic Church exists; its truths of philosophy should be preached not alone at the altar, but also by laymen on the street corner, if for no other reason than to counteract-the vicious and un- patriotic not to say blasphemous utterances of those who abuse lib- erty in the name of liberty." "The. street corner is the natural forum of democracy and woe is coming to a people of whom it can be said in the words of Scrip- ture: 'Wisdom cries out in the streets, and no one marks it.' " The Journal-Gazette (Fort Wayne Ind.) From a two column report we cull the statement of "The maister- ful expresion of the fundamental teachings of the Catholic Church (which) was received with close interest and evident appreciation. It CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST The Vallejo, Calif. Morning Times in its editorial com- mendation said: "It pays to advertise. In other words the man or organization that wants to get anywhere ill these modern 'days has to advertise but the significant feature of the affair is that the Catholic Church, the most conservative of all demoninations, has realized the fact that the way to reach the people is to go where the people are and publicly state that which it is desired 4;hat the people knt^w." The Daily Globe, (Atchison, Kansas.) '"i' ioligion was made plain to the public in such ;i manner • -ay with some of the bigotry and prejudice that fxivMts." Tiie approval of the Catholic press— so essential to our venture— has •in every instance been most favorable : We submit a few excerpts. Western Catholic, (Quincy, 111.) From an open letter : "I have not met many in this City of Los Angeles who had very deep respect for any religious denomination until out of curiosity they went to hear the Catholic Truth Guild speakers explain Catholic Truth." America (New York ) : "The Auto- van work demonstrates the fact that a public ex- planation and defense of the Church's doctrines, in the streets of our modern cities, are not merely possible, but eminently practical. Why, tirdeed, we always wondered, should this be less feasible now than in the days when the Apostles first preached Christ in Jewish villages- or pagan towns?" The Catholic Bulletin, (Cleveland, Ohio) : :, ♦ "We hope the Catholic Truth Guild will find many followers who will work with equal humility and earnestness with the hierarchy' for the spreading of the truth to the hungry multitude." The Catholic Mirror, (Springfield) : "It is a divinely inspired work the good of which can not easily be estimated." CROSS COUNTRY TOUR 77 The Pilot, (Boston) : "A few weeks ago we were in one of the cities of this state when the auto-van passed through on its way to the place of meeting. It was something to give the heart of a Catholic ^a thrill when the van stopped and the meeting began, there were hundreds ready to forget their business and to give ear to the words of explanation of Catholic Truth, Most of them were doubtless moved by curiosity. Some perhaps came to scoff, wondering at men and women presum- ing to stand on the street corner to talk about the Catholic religion. No doubt there were Catholics, too, who marvelled at the courage of these, their coreligionists, in speaking publicly on a matter which they themselves too often consider taboo among their non-Catholic friends. "The very sight of that gathering brought home the realiza- tion that if the auto-van meetings did nothing else they taught our Catholics to consider the duty that they have to be apostles for the faith, and in order to do that to acquire a better knowledge of it." The Catholic World, (New York) : "They have been preaching Catholic doctrine in the open for the past six years. In fiact they began their apostolate a year before the birth of the Catholic Evidence Guild in England." — besides distribut- ing literature they have "at the same time spread most effectively a knowledge of the Faith." Distributing Literature We have the Bible word for it that Faith comes by hear- ing. Yet the human voice guided b^ the Holy Spirit is not alone capable of carrying the glad message of Christ to those weary of doubt and sick of sin, there are many records of con- versions from readiifg God's Word and from reading other books. Prom our auto-van we have sold 68,000 cloth bound books, 50,000 pamphlets and 1252. subscriptions for Our Sknday Visitor. Indeed, the circulation of Catholic literature has been and ^is one of our special hobbies. If aside from inducing our own people to ^ead much more than they do, the non-Catholic read- ing public could be interested in the reading of the high grade matter put out year after year by Catholic publishing houses, it is certain that cultivated folk would eventually begin to see Holy Mother Church as she is, as ever the great patron of learn- ing, of art, of science, and beyond and above all else, as the 78 CAMPAIGNING FOR CjHRIST builder of religion in the heart of man, the keeper of truth by the indwelling of the Holy Ghost. We are glad to say that during the blessed years we have been in the Church we have circulated 111,000 cloth-bound books, 750,000 sixteen page pamphlets, 33,000 weekly papers, and procured 1,500 subscriptions for Catholic publications. May we say again that in Campaigning for Christ our work is never permitted to treat of mere secular interests. We tell the people what we Catholics believe, what we do not believe; what self-evident truths, right-reason, history and revelation compel us in conscience as obedient members of the Catholic Church and as loyal citizens of our country, to believe. Our Catholic Truth Guild puts forward as of first and foremost im- portance finding God's Church and thus one's way home to Heaven, and it takes the ground that no better service can be rendered our country than to stimulate a public spirit that recognizes God as the Author of Nations, and thatpat/iotism is not alone a virtue, but a sacred obligation, not to be denied by any right-minded man. An Appeal How long, dear Lord, how long shall the enemy almost en- tirely monopolize America's open pulpits? Is it for atheists and traitors that freedom of worship and freedom of speech is ingrain in America's constitution ? Is it not plain, how great a factor the propagandist is, how vital a part even the soap-boxer plays in shaping the thoughts of the ordinary man, in making public sentiment ? We want the readers of this book to come out with us, not to attack those who differ vAth us but to set forth the , light of Faith. We want to see the tide of public opinion turned in our direction— in the direction of truth universal. We want good men and women to help Religion and Patriotism get their innings out in the highways and byways. We want the Catholic laity to take an active part in Campaigning for Christ. OUR COUNTRY CHAPTER IV ♦■ Our America is a country of many diversified elements. It is as though God Almighty had invited all the people of the earth to gather here, unwittingly, to work out unity in the basic structure of civil society and with their diversity of culture had effected, unconsciously, a wonderful mosaic of national life. Here humanity and Chri-stianity test out together funda- mental principles, natural and supernatural, for universal appli- cation. Here the inalienable God-given rights of man are pro- tected effectually by the strong arm of the law. Here freemen freely render the worship to God which belongs to God, as they render to-the duty of the state to protect itself from dangers that result from incom- petent, neglected, or unfortunate parental direction. However, the state may not usurp the natural, the primary rights of par- ents to bring up their own children; since this right does not spring from a human source but comes directly from God. It is included within those "inalienable rights" which have in- spired our Declaration of Independence. In campaigning for. Christ, we assume it to be folly to vote the state the power to instruct children in courses in eugenics, seic-hygiene, psycho-analysis, and other immoral fads. Just in pro- portion as America sacrifices parental authority for state con- trol and Federal centralization of the education of our children just in that proportion does the "remedy" become worse than the disease. Not by legislative enactment but by Christ's doc- trine comes the cure for these moral ills that spring^ up in the family and spread throughout society. Raee Suicide But wofse still is race suicide. It brings to our country those evils for which Almighty Gt)d wiped Sodom and Gomorrah eS the face of the earth. We must speak of race suicide, (that wnkpeakable evil!) since it is so brazenly and plausibly argued 94 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST for by some seemingly great and reputable people. We do no more than to express our horror of such terrible practice, to stamp as an abominable evil, unmentionable crime, the unna- tural use of those basic functions by which God permits men and women to perpetuate the race. But, in so far as the pro- ponents of this crime against the race appeal to a smaller and a better progeny, or to the fear of an over-population, we answer with well authenticated data which controverts their statements, namely : that a long list of great names are rightly placed at the foot of large famili^, and that some ten years ago our United States Department of Agriculture set forth the fact that the production of staple food stuffs during the preceding fifteen years had in^eased two and a half times as much as was neces- sary to maintain a constant per capita consumption. Thus not one inch of reasonable ground is left for them to stand on,— for those who presume that man, not God, is — in the last analysis— at the helm of the State. Empty Cradles In America's empty cradles there is seen a decided resibi- eut:e to Divine Authority— to the conscience natural to Chris- tianity that 50 clearly marks off the paths of virtue from those of sin. We do not desire to talk about those things that should be "noi 30 mudi as mentioned amongst us," nor do we desire to briag an indictment against our country. But Vv^e do believe that if one would be, humanly speaking, successful in winning souls for Christ, he must recognize in full the falsity of philos- ophies that advocate an artificial lowering of the birth rate. In contrast to those thoughts and deeds which defile the body and deaden the soul, leaving a long train of heart-rending tragedies in their wake, in contrast to these evils, we Catholics offer the ideals of Christian marriage with its sublime holiness, its spot- less purity, and its life-lasting fidelity. These ideals, supported by the grace given in the sacrament of Matrimony and worked OUR COUNTRY 95 out into everyday life, make the home second only to the altar as the sacred place on earth. It cannot be denied thai a "no-hell" philosophy is reducing many marital unions to a purely commercial basis. There ar*, unfortunately, men and women who would have their heaven here and now, "not up in the skies." Empty cradles are de- fended upon the plea of the inability of parents to support a na- tural family ; upon the assumption that the smaller the progeny, the more sturdy the offspring, upon the notion that a large family denotes vulgarity; in short, upon a hundred and one silly and wicked pretenses. The resort to immoral practices to prevent motherhood is not new; it is an ancient wickedness. The Book of Genesis attests that during the infancy of the human race Almighty God slew Onan for doing the "detestable thing" which so-callod emancipated women not only practice but advocate without shame. Birth-control finds a place in many a radical programmo, but there are two organizations which are particularly devoted to spreading its cursed propaganda, one the Birth Control Lea- gue brought into existence in 1914; the second, the Voluntary Parenthood League organized in 1919 under the socialistic lead- ership of Margaret Sanger, who extends her doctrine by the use of the platform and the pen. Eugene V. Debs, by a blasphem- ous suggestion, exalts Margaret Sanger to a supreme place in human affection; he says she is "a real benefactor and coming generations will rise and call her blessed" (Editorial RIP SAW, St. Louis, May, 1916). If only the propaganda of birth control were confined with- in Socialist circles the danger to American morals would be re- latively slight. Unhappily, it is not so limited. This vile thing that should be hidden has caught the fancy of many a coterie of "social workers" who shout it from the house tops. We have an untold number of well-to-do childless women, with all per- 96 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST sonal hope laid low in the ashes of burnt-out adventure, whoie perverse pleasure it iu to *'set right" the affairs of poor families. The consequence is that many of the intelligenaia who have almost lost the consciousness of wickedness have prostituted the name of "social worker" and have espoused this unholy cause. So zealous arc their efforts that they seem to be impelled by a sort of black magic. Women, reputed decent, view this offense so slightly as to talk freely of the "accidents" of birth. There are some who have so cast off the shroud of womanly modesty as to stand upon the streets of our great cities selling birth-con- trol literature. And these individual instances of perverted minds are but as drops in the ocean compared with the shame- less debauch attempted by those who protest against Federal refusal of the use of the mails to broadcast this filthy and poison - oii*^ teaching. However, these advocates of death and damna- tion neither slumber nor sleep. They have prevailed upon the Federation of Women's Clubs of the State of New York (Con- vention, Utica, Oct. 15th, 1920) to unite their efforts in the "speedy, removal of all barriers due to legal restrictions, tradi- tions, prejudice or ignorance, which prevent parents from access to scientific knowledge" relative to the prevention of con- ception. This was the signal for greater rejoicing in the camp of the Godless. The NEW YORK CALL sent its representative to interview the officials of the Voluntary Parenthood League and this Socialist daily reported as follows (Oct. ISth, 1920) : "I am very glad to hear it. Ju«t as woman have drawn together ttt demand political freedom, they are now banding togrether to ask for creative freedom. They are awakening to the fact that blrth-oontrol la the most necessary thing for that freedom." With the prestige of the woman's clubs' behind them, these "nature-reformers" held their First American Birth Control Convention (Nov. 11th, 1921) in New York City. It so chanced that the International Arms Conference was in session in Wash- ington. To this body the faddists telegraphed the dictatorial OUR COUNTRY 97 message: "that the limitation of the world's population was the only solution of world peace." So it was that this pestilence which once skulked in dark- ness was sent leaping over the face of the earth:— altogether now as ever it is ''the clean of heart that shall see God." Evidently their success, especially with the New York Wo- man's Clubs, whetted the appetite of the Voluntary Parenthood propagandists for bigger game, which they, very soon captured. In June of 1922 there was held the Woman's Clubs Convention in Chautauqua, N. Y. The assembled delegates claimed to represent 40,000 clubs federated within forty-eight states and two territories, with a total membership of more than two mil- lion. This convention committed itself to birth-control. The WOMAN CITIZEN (N. Y. July 1st, 1922) reported that no discussion of this ''controversial" subject was permitted by the lady powers who held a firm hand over the delegates '^but the Welfare Department was instructed to carry on a compaign of education on the subject of birth-control." No, not one voice crying out "for shame" amongst those delegates who assumed to represent more than two million women! Is America well on the road towards the fate of Greece and Rome? That good American, Colonel Roosevelt, has well characterized this tribe who prey upon decency : ^ . "Blatant shame reformers who in the name of the new moralltv preach the old, old vice and self-indulgence which rotted the mora! fiber, and then even the external greatness of Greece and Rome." Happily, the nation has a strong defender in the General President of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Mrs. George Maynard Minor, addressing the delegates of the D. A. R. in national convention assembled (Wash. D. C, April, 20th, 1923) has this to say: "Birth control aims straight at the hearth stone of the Ameri- can home. Make no mistake about that. It Is for you to keep the homes of the nation firmly built on the sure foundations of the psist ! ^•S CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST an.] as lontt as millions of little hom«8 dot tht kllUAdw aad bfoad pUtins of Amsrloa, th« aoctatist will ZMT«r r^kltse hie vtvt& iTrwjitj Cif sinklnr them and all else In the colleetive ownerirlilp pool Of t]i« redd." After all, Solomon was wrong I Thera is scnnething new with these womca, who deny all power in heaven and seek all the power on earth, they have invented an altogether new view to take from women her place of digiiity and security within Chris- tian civiliamtion. Pitiable to confess, motherhood has become a trade and the rearing of children an indastry,— all, if you will, in the name of Morality, the folly of the "double standard." At the Pan American Conference of Womens' Parties (Balti., April 22nd, 1922) Mrs. Emmelinc Pankhurst gave her material- istic conception of history an ailing. To quote her wwds : "The &*««,t««t lnd«rtry for women always hfta beea an4 tUwigrB will be maternity. Th97 want e^euTlty In that oooupaticm. 7lh9f $|pe the srreatest i^roduders aad maBtttci^wr«re in ih* world. Tb«f oyo- duce children tuad maA'nfcboturo thetn tn the sftn^e that they tfftlfi fB«tn after they are born." To be sure this new ''trade of motherhood" found its way into a woman suffrage hearing before a Committee of the Mass. Legi^ture some twenty ye&m ago. Then, it apypeared to fall upcm deaf ears, but at the Pan American Conference of Women's Parties it was applauded. No, the end of birth-prevention depravity is not yet reached, for when this body of women can no longer foist their mental outrages upon the %Tiale-sex, then the inventions of bell will come to their assistance. Having set out openly to teach con- traceptive processes, there is now "up-their-sleeves" a further step to be taken. Bolshevist Russia is their ideal land of sex- freedom. Not merdy is it quite legal to teach what Margaret Sanger is convinced will "create a race of flioroughbreds" in Russia, but under the hateful nurture of things detestable by Madame Alexandra Kollantay, abortions arc provided for under tiie law. To c^ote vxt oi tho dm— ItMMd br «be ''AU Rtiatia OUR COUNTRY 97 Central Executive Committee of the Soviets (IZVESTIA Offi- cial Soviet Daily, Nov. 18th, 1920) : "I— The artificial interruption of pregnancy is hereby per- mitted provided it is performed in Soviet hospitals where the minimum of injury is assured/' In campaigning for Christ we would be glad to ignore the prq)aganda and the influence of these modern Onanists altogether. But we know that the arguments for fewer chil- dr«n, or none at all, as the road to health, wealth, and pleasure, have captured the imagination of so many that it threatens the very life of our Republic. We point out that empty cradles take away the dearest treasures on earth ; that a wholesome state of matrimony lived as a sacrament is at once a source of hap- piness and alone becoming to the nature of the race ; that within the Catholic Church a "double standard" is not known or thought of, and th^t by no standard, double or single, does vice become virtue. By appealing to patriotism and to religion we hope to make an impression upon many who will come opeoly to the defence of right thinking and clean living. In France, the evil of empty cradles has for twenty years engaged the attention of Dr. Alphonse Bertillion, the famous anthropologist. Having worked out statistically this danger that threatens France, Dr. Bertillon makes his waning emphatic: "If the birth rate continues to fall in the same de- gree in eighty yews there will be no France" (CENTURY MAGAZINE, Jan. 1920) . H^pily, French patriotism has come to the rescue. On the one hand, marriage, birth and wage bonuses ore bdng oH^r^df while oa Hie other, the publication of sudi propa^^da dbeets as the Birth Ctmtrol, the Voluntary Parenthood and the KTbo Malthusian League are permitted to circulate in our coontiy have b»en su^^reased ^tii^. It Is hoped thus to induo» a rttltm to a noraueil ttate of ncdnd and a moral response to H. 100 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST We do not permit our words moreover to rest alone on the ground of patriotism. While all these measures are good as far as they go, it is certain that stable morality must be based upon religion. Hence we make it clear that the cure for a diminish- ing population in France or in any other country must be found in the standards of that faith which the ''Eldest Daughter of the Church" once so gloriously maintained. We Americans have a bad record of our own to correct. One has but to travel through our New England States to become aware of the fact that the Puritan stock is fast diminishing, that the descendants of those sturdy adventurers who came in quest of civil liberty and to whom, under God, we owe this free coun- try, are now too few to hold their own Vv^i thin our mixed popu- lation. Were it not for the great number of immigrants who have come to our shores from all over the world there would hardly be enough Americans on the "plains of Boston" to keep Old Glory ilying. This bad case is stated succinctly by Dr. R. J. Sprague of the Department of Economics and Sociology .of the Massa- chusetts Agricultural College, in an address before the Summer School (July 16th, 1921): "In 25 years the Anglo-Saxon .stock of Massachusetts lost 250,000 by excess of deaths over births. During the same period the foreign stocks gained 600,000 by tlie excess of births over deaths. The birth rate of the American stock Is far below the necessi- ties of race survival. This decline in birth rate is due to: 1 — Individualism and ambition among women, which cause them to seek individual careers rather than families and race survival. 2 — Misdirected education, which sends the youngsters after fancy things rather than family, children and eternal honor. 8 — Lack of enough vocational schools, which would enable boys to sret an early effective start in life. A — Too much shut-in life in school and home, which reduces the vitality of srirls and prevents the development of ^hild-bearing ability. 6 — Materialism, worldliness, play instead of idealism and work, « — Cost of aupportingr 'families with elevated standards. OUR COUNTRY 101 Am«riMbB womMi muet ohoose betweea individual careers and iho ftunUy asd moa. Itotbarkood is th« ffreatest •ccreor ever known for womidi, aad fatkerhood alone oan brinff man to his hig-hest devel- opment. Amor&fWdiB must yet a new ideal of the family as the one g-reat foundation sioae of Indlrldual development, the nation, and the race." While Dr. Spragn^'s words bring home to us the serious- ness of the situation, his remedies, although good in themselves, do not go deeply enough. They do not reach the roots of the disease. What is needed more than "a new ideal of the family" is a iM^oper understanding of the old, true, fundamental ideal of the Catholic Church which teaches the sacredness and indis- solubility of the marriage bond. Recently two professors of the University of California pub- lished in tibe Journal Of Heredity (Wash. D. C, Jan. 19th, 1919) an artide giving the same gloomy outlook for the survival of the Mayflower stock. Their conclusion is that by the time that the second tercentenary celebration of the Mayflower comes round there will not be enough descendants of the Pilgrims left to fill the cabin of another Mayflower, if the present decline in their birth-rate is maintained. It would be soothing to Yankee pride and to Yankee nerves if scientific investigation could find some other reason for the falling off of our native population than the deliberate choice of evil. The facts of the case are clear, and against facts there can be no argument. Tliere appeared in AMERICA (N. Y., Dec. 17th, 1921) a table of figures compiled by the Social Service Federation of the City of Toledo— an organization that administers the poor relief— which effectively denies the common assertion that the smaller the number of children the better off is the family. The figures were deduced from the records of 762 families who, be- cause of unemployment, applied for relief. In all these case^ the father was the only bread-winner. We present the list: 102 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST Number of Children No ehildren 199 1 child 150 2 children 120 3 children r. 116 4 children 71 5 children 48 6 children : 29 7 children ^.. 15 8 children 7 9 children .] These figures give the facts at the lowest rung of the eco- nomic and social ladder, but conditions at the topmost rung of culture are not more promising. Indeed they lead into the dis- mal swamp of extinction. An investigation showed that the average number of children of the graduates from Harvard and Yale Universities for the years 1881-1890 was 1.5 per graduate, and that the average progeny of the graduates of Vassar and Bryn Mawr colleges was about 0.8, of Mt. Holyoke College about 0.7 and of Smith College a little less than 0.6. Prof. Cot- tell states the case facetiously: the Yale and Harvard student Is the father of three-quarters of a son, v/hile the woman's col- lege graduate is the mother of less than one-half of a daughter. We may add to this dire prospect the well established fact that the birth-rate for American men of science has been steadily on the decline for fifty years. The Bureau of Social Hygiene, founded by John D. Rockefeller Jr. (N. Y., April 3rd, 1923), sent out a questionaire to 691 women college graduates with the result that 74 per cent admitted practicing birth-control. Everybody knows that to increase and multiply is God's law for those in the marriage state. We know moreover that to maintain our present population a birth-rate of about four chil- OUR COUNTRY IG3 dren per family is required; whereas today the estimated average is only two per family. It is evident that God's law is not being obeyed. We are not increasing and multiplying. We are courting God's vengeance and in His own good time He will visit it upon us. One day the Judge will come who judges not for time but for eternity and then He will wreak His ven- geance with terrible justice. In truth it is not merely a question of life or death for America, not merely an abstract question of patriotism ; it i^ a concrete personal question of conscience which confronts every prospective father or mother. This is the Catholic question we stress while Campaigning for Christ and it is this positive attitude taken by Catholics that stands like a wall of adamant in defense of America, an atti tude that calls birth-control propaganda to halt. So, to be reviled by them is an honor reserved for those who believe in, and love our Blessed Lord^. A most hostile and active scribbler against the Catholic position on birth-control. Dr. William J. Robin- son, has this to say to us: The Catholic Church is composed of "ignorant medievalists and narrow-minded bigots, altogether out of touch with modern thought and the necessities of mod- ern civilization". In hostile words, Margaret Sanger has also paid her tribute to the Catholic defense of family purity. She says : "The Catholic Church, in its stand against birth-control, has ranged itself on the side of ignorance against knowledge, of darkness against light and is therefore in harmony with the attitude which the Church has long maintained." From many good Americans have come expressions of agree- ment with resolutions taken by the National Catholic Welfare Council, which read as follows : "The activity of the advocates of birth-control is an affront t« all grenuine Christians, and to all other p«rson» who cherish the funda- mental principles and sentiments of morality. We protest agrainst tliis unholy movement, and we take this occasion to reassert the teaohi&f of the Catholic Church. "Th« Church condemns all positive devices and methods of con- trol as necemNtrily immoral, because they are perversions of nature and 104 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST violations of the moral law. Moreover, they lead inevitably to weak- ening of character, degradations of conjugal relations, decline of popu- lation and degeneracy of national life. "As a remedy for social and economic ills, birth-control Is not only mistaken and futile, but tends to direct attention from genuine methods of social betterment." What To Read On the principle that "evil communications corrupt good manners" and the extension of this self-same principle that good manners find their roots in good morals, we seek to show, in broad outline, that America cannot long hold her own intelligently and morally, unless there is an upward turn in the public taste and a better every-day reading. We know from information gath- ered at random, that, comparatively speaking, very little Catho- lic literature is subscribed for even by Catholics who read a great deal. We appeal to these therefore, as being by far more re- sponsible for swelling the broad stream of bad reading than others, from whom not so much is to be expected. For the crux of this matter is the recognition at once of our moral obligation to God, to ourself, to our neighbor and to our country; to keep our minds occupied with decent things, at the very least with things which the natural law allows. We admit that one may cull the news of both world and local events from the columns of the most sensational sheet, but why not buy rather those papers which set forth the self-same events in a somewhat sober manner, if news be indeed our quest? Even the bold type warns a good mind to be on guard against evil communications. Thus, when one may see every day on street cars, trains, and in waiting-rooms, men, women, boys and girls shamelessly absorbed in headlines of murder, arson divorce, sex-sin, crime and immorality of all sorts and degreet of wickedness, one is forced to the opinion that degeneracy has certainly set in, -and the world is sick. There is no denying that a taste for bad reading is evidence of inner corruption which will sooner or later break out in bad acts— like blotches of bad blood OUR COUNTRY 105 on the body. We must expect, as one season of wickedness rolls on to the next, an ever-increasing crop. When there is a plenti- ful sowing of bad literature and a multitude of readers to absorb the horrible, nasty and villainous details of crime we have a right to expect a harvest-time of whirlwind, an ever increasing number of criminals. When touching upon these matters, we stress the fact that the defense of America lies in setting the axe to the root of the evil. The punishment of prison bars will not suffice as a solvent of bad hearts and perverse wills. We point out that the right spirit is the fruit of religion alone. Religion is at one and the same time a solvent of personal sin and of social crime— it gives to God what belongs to God and to Caesar what belongs to Caesar. The course to pursue, if we are to restore right spirit, is simple and yet difficult ; an herculean one. The burden comes off by the same means as it was put on— by propaganda. It is the same old injunction, divinely inspired, to overcome evil with good. To save her life, America should begin in many places at once. At the top and the bottom of society, and all through the middle, in every department of culture. Right standards must be laught to those who deal in ideas just as the science of numbers must be taught to the one who is to become a practical mechanician. This being so why should the false literati be supported by the purchase of their vile inventions? Why should Universi- ties be crowded where guesses are taught as science? Why should mothers educate their daughters where such v/ritings as those of Ellen Key, August Bebel, Karl Marx, Charlotte Perkins Glllman are used as marks of progress? Such books are writ- ten with the deliberate intention of breaking up Christian cul- ture. They denote progress in the sense only that the multitude who endorse them are well along towards the goal of self-in- dulgence—the broad road to debauch. But nobody in all thia world ever found this the road to happiness. 106 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST No one may assume that the more than forty million boobi of ftction that are published in our country every year are worth while reading. Millions must be worse tiian listless, while other millions raise the taste of the reading public to but very little height, since it is estimated that hardly one book m a gener- ation comes up to the standards of a real classic. The whole case is simple, for the pure in heart do not indulge in vile and base sensations, and the clean demand right standards of living however many villians make up the plot. In campaigning for Christ we point out that every one may take part with us in a propaganda for God and Country by frowning down a commercial display of bad books. They should show nothing but displeasure when they see upon the tables of their friends that kind of book which, if kept at all in the home of decent people a generation ago, was only to be found in a cache. The "Decameron" of Boccaccio is bat mildly realis- tic when compared with the lurid productions that disgrace American letters. We should stand for legislation to guard against the sale of vicious books and we should stand for self- regulation above and before all. After all self-regulation in the choice of decent newspapers and books goes a long way to- v/ards reform. Crime If only the fc»r of the Lord, which is the beginning of wisdom, were sufficient to prevent an increase of crime in our country, we should be assured that the respect for law is holding its own. Unhappily this is not so. The American Bar Association at its Cincinnati Convention (Sept. 1921) selected a special Committee on Law Enforcement to report the follow- ing year; and this committee, of five able lawyers, at their San Francisco Convention (August, 1922) declared that: "The orlminal situation in tlv« Unit«d States, eo far us orim»8 ot violence are concerned, Ic irorM tban in any other country. Here le leea respect for law. W^lle rour Committee cannet obtain exaot tlierurefl, from all availal»le seurees ef infermatien, we estimate that OUR COUNTRY K)f tli»r« w«re mor« tlMta 8,000 unlawful homicides last 7»ar (1921) te this country: tliat ia 1920 thore occurred not lese than 9,000 !»uc3i homicides, and that in no year, during: the past ten years, did tha number fall below 8,500. In other words, during the last ten years no less than 85,000 of our citiaena perished by poiaon, by the pistol or the knife or some other unlawful deadly instruments." In the country as a whole, the report states, burglaries have increased 1,200 per cent, during the past ten years. The Law Enforcement Committee made an additional re- port to the 1923 Convention of the American Bar Association, assembled in Minneapolis, in which some interesting data is presented on crime conditions. Therein, comparison is made with England, where "the criminal laws and procedure are very similar to our own," and "France with a criminal code strikingly different." We are informed that "while the general popula- tion of our country from the year 1921 until the year 1922 has increased 14.9 per cent., the criminal population has increased 16.6 per cent." Oa the other hand, in England the prison popu- lation has been steadily decreasing since 1876, especially since 1920. Murder Cases 1922 London 9 All solved. 1921 England and Wales 63 1921 New York City 260 1921 Chicago 137 In New York City there were six convictions for first de- gree murder in 1919, one in 1920, and three in 1921. Pop. Murders W19— France (including Alsace-Lorraine) 39,402,800 585 1922— United States (48 cities) 21,000,000 1562 Robberies 1921— England and Wales 95 1919— France (last available statistics) 121 1922— City of New York 1445 1922— Chicago 2417 108 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST In 1922 there were 7850 murders in the United States and ''6790 cases of manslaughter and other unlawful killings, total- ing in all 14,640 unjustifiable homicides." In Chicago during the year 1921 there were 2,594 robberies and 4,785 burglaries. In Cook County, of whicJi Chicago is the greater part, there were 212 murders during the year. To bring out the number of murderers incarcerated relative to the prison population in our country this report gives a typical prison record : Prison Population Homicides ^ California, San Quentin 2584 482 Nevada 1 50 26 Idaho 295 50 New Mexico 358 77 Delav/are 349 28 New Jersey, Trenton 1286 290 Kentucky S4A 169 Illinois, Joilet 1930 454 North Dakota 235 26 Georgia 3547 1429 South Dakota . 320 none Indiana 1451 322 » Mississippi 1590 641 Iowa 755 144 Total - 15,394 4,138 Appalling as this record is of 4138 murders in a prison popu- lation of 15,394 it tells less than half the tale so far as safety and soundness in our country is concerned, for only a small number of the murderers are brought to justice. The American Bar Association Committee attributes this fact to defects in our judicial system, to the fact that so many criminals brought be- fore the courts do not suffer the extreme penalty of the law. ITUK CtTLOVrKT 109 Another authority, Raymond B. Fosdick, in "The American Police System" (N. Y., 1920) shows how few of Americans culp- able murderers are executed under the law. Omitting infanticide justifiable homicide, vehicular and other accidental causes of deaths, Mr. Fosdick presents these figures : Homicides Executions 1916 8,372 115 1917 7,803 ....^, 85 1918 7,667 85 From the National Surety Company, we get the informa* tion that thirty insurance companies during five years of the past decades paid claims as follows: Embezzlements Burglaries 1910 ...^, $1,396,081 :^.....: f886,04S 1915 ,.... 2,030,201 ..,..» 1,2^8,588 1918 ....,../... 3,060,348 «...« 2,964,700 1919 ..»«, 4,663,604 > 5,660,305 1920 5,623,8W .^. . . . 10,189,852 (Literary Digett, A*^. Ifik, W2t) The automobile thefts in m9 as set down by Mr. Fosdick are additional evidence of great disregard for die sevetilh Cwn- mandment— Tiiou Shalt not steal. We give the figures for a few cities : New Yoik ...... 5,517 Oieveland ....,•.. 1,827 Chicago r«,, ,. 4,316 Buffalo 986 Detroit 3,482 St. Louis 1,244 Defiance of the law is indeed enough but a further step in lawlessness is taken by those who presume by their own will to be the law. More than one hundred lynchings ©adi year bring disgrace to our eoimtry, and, even worse than the mob ven- Qteance. is the daliherate organizeiL Jirst-defijee lawlaasness of an 1 10 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST innumerable horde of Ku lUux Klan&men Tviio within ivtt America coo^y organize themselves for secret action within an ''Invisible Empire." The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan assume at once the role of sheriff, judge, jury and executioner of any one whom they falsely "judge to be un-American." And they "have so extended their baleful reign" that Congressman Tinkham of Massachusetts has well said that our "American R^ublic is not in Revolution but in dissolution, not in ©volution but i& devolution" (Wash. D. C, Jan. 13th, 1921). So it comes to the basic order of things human : The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom and the love of Christ leads to human perfection. Here in America we lack religious instruction, and religious conviction, so the fear of God is as weak in the individual as it is weak in the Federal Government. With the fear of judicial punishment absent the criminal minded men and women speed on to vicious deeds. As a climax to lack of justice in the State, self-willed men organize for venge- ance and are a law unto themselves. They take into their own hands the rights and obligations of sheriff, judge and executioner ; and the vicious eircle is complete. In campaigning for Christ, we show our country is sorely in need of more and better de- fenders and that belief in God and knowledge of His law— and His love— are before all things else essential. Economic Disputes When dealing with tl^e ever-present confiiot between em- ployers and wage-earners, our aim is to bring out the fact that every relation between man and mmi is a moral relation; that the laborer is worthy of his hire, and that equity, is at the basis of every exchange of work for money, and of money for mer- chandise. While it it every man's right to fight his way to the top of the economic ladder, it is at the same time every man's obligation to play fair and square, aod the obUgation is equal to the right in every particular. OUR COUNTRY HI Wo know that the crowd before us often has more or less sympathy with the socialistic notion that poliUcal democracy leads on to economic equality, so we take it for granted that we must light their error by teaching God's law and by showing Bonclusively that God's law must stand, that "in the sweat of his brow, man must earn his bread." In present-day language every man must do something useful in order to justify his exist- ence within the body politic. Whether he has one, five or ten talents, his responsibility is to attain, as best he may, the capa- city to wcw-k them out to his own benefit, and to the advantage of society. Practically, we count the costs to the combatants— the capi- talists and wage-earners,— of strikes and lockouts, costs that run up into hundreds of miHions of dollars in a single decade. We count the material costs to those not directly engaged in the particular conflict^ and we turn attention to those costs, moral and intellectual, artistic and scientific, that cripple the progress of the country and are the saddest consequences of this sad un- abating warfare. Since justice is not the aim of one combat- ant or the other^when thie conflict is between those wielding arbitrary power on the one side and those spilling bad blood on the other, the fight is a never ending conflict in which the public 1b under the lash of so-called caipital and labor no matter which 0Q« holds the whip-handle. If Justice were in power, as in the economic disputes of the middle ages, that is, if both sides were aware that God has His tribunal on earth with a judge who is even-handed; then the entire public including both sides to this dispute, could be sure that mediation would bring about conciliation, and the problem fd strikes and lockouts would be practically solved. We also treat of public ownership and control. We are aware that in the minds of our crowd there may be half formed convictions that the public ownership of, at least, public utili- ties is the cure for industrial, commercial and financial strife. 112 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST We show that such an opinion rests upon specious arguments that deny in their background the right of the individual to own, operate and inherit productive capital and that, in the concrete, it is not real facts and figures but rather ^'doctored" statements and imaginings that stand sponsor for this ''first step of rev- olution." The demand for government ownership shows art utter disregard in most instances for the incontrovertible fac- that governmcrt ownershi") meaLC a positive increase m costs of runnier ard eventuLDy in individual taxes, and that it tends decided) • to th<^ suVersioii of our democracy into a pater- nalistic olig„rc^.y- Trulj^, wc neci "more business in govern- ment and lees goveram ^.it in business," as President Harding well siiid: "Y7e must comb«i,t the inen-aee in the g-rowing- assumption that the atate must support th^ I'^cpi*. for — government is merely the ftsyranty to the' people of the rif'^t an^ opportunity of thf^ people- to suppo-t themselves." ^ -^ We point out that we must protect and perfect our democratic rights if we would be true Americans, and that this is but rendering to Uncle Sam what belongs to Uncie Sam. The case is indeed simple when basic principles are held in mind. Democracy was unknown until our Blessed Lord taught the Brotherhcod of Man, a truth which was extended and expanded by the Church as a natural fruit of religion into the foundation of civil democracy. This, then, is what Washington meant when he said that national morality is dependent upon religious prin- ciples This is what makes of Church affiliation a gauge by which to measure the moral status and stability of our country. Not, of course, that each and every church-goer is thought to lead a morally correct life ; but that it is certain that many non- church-goers first fling away obedience to God and then loyalty to Country. In campaigning for Christ, we stress the point that worship of God leads to love of Country.— "I am the way, and the truth, and the life." RELIGION IN THE STREET CHAPTER V In Campaigning for Christ, our street audiences in the larg^' are made up from these sixty or more millions of our Americaa citizens, who are un-churched. - Excepting the Cathoii::s, ti course, there are one hundred reasons for every one hundr^ii persons in the crowd, for not going anywhere to church. We work openly upon the principle that the Good Shepherd wanfts ^verv one of them in the True Fold, together with all the others Archbishop Hanna Sending the Secretary of the Catholic ^ Tru th Guild Home with a N©w Autovan and a Message to Cardinal CComwll •Commending HJs Work In the Archdiocese of San Frane4«oo. 1 14 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRifT More wi. Thus we make our message personal, whatever die subject of our discourse, even though there is a great indifference to religion, arfioAgst those who do us the courtesy of lending themselves as our listeners. Our first objective is to win personal assent to the doc^'a^ that what is morally good depends upon religion. Then fron, tliis poiDt of sympathy, penetrating here and there, the whole crowd will catch the sacred fire. Now, since religion is not the many tnings it is thought to be, our effort is to drive home in plain language what religion is in itself. What friendship is between man and man, so is religion be- tween God and man— an unseen though real relationship which outwardly manifests itself in human acts. So it is that religion may be personal, unorganized— and it may be a system of faith that calls for organization. But the one perfect Religion, as contrasted with all others, is not merely an organization, but rather a Living Organism—one that can never die. From this, it necessarily follows that our only interest in any one of tfc^ie multitude varieties of religion, is the fact that by its very lowly contrast with the Catholic Religion, its lack of satisfaction may turn all hearts towards the Tnie Faith. When noting the many forms of worship, from the quiet manners of the Unitarians to the squirming, twisting and jump- ing of the Holy Rollers, we steess the point that even the antics of the Holy Rollers k a better demonstration of good will than the most brilliant dental of one's d«ty to give public worship to Almi^ty God. The vital content of rdigion— one's consciousness that together with the whole human leoft, he belongs to his Creator- is brought into discredit more and more as aesthetic pleasures re- place spiritual thoughts, and as materialistic philosophy crcwds out the knowledge of God. In N#w England, rdlglon was brought down from Heaven to earth by MaVgaret Fuller, when seat^ in the gallery of a ball-rooin k Ibe tompuiy of Ralph RELIGION IN THE STREET 115 Waldo Emerson, she is said to have been so stirred by the exhi- bition of terpsichorean art on the ball-room floor below, that turning to Emerson, she exclaimed : "Ralph, this is poetry ! " The answer was characteristic : "No, Margaret, this is reli- gion." By a sweep of his pen, Karl Marx exceeds even their views, by putting religion out of the world of reality. He says rrfigion is "a fantastic delusion." The economic determinists, in general, sum up the full measure of blindness by the assertion that : "My religion is Atheism." Then, too, many a time, in our own day as in all past ages, seemingly religious acts have hj^ocrisy as their content. But all this depth of intellectual degradation, moral corruption and hj^ocritical action^, does not break in upon the fact that the rational mind is capable of taking in truth when it is presented —that men of good will love truth. This fact is the ground of hope— doubt and confusion yield to light when it shines forth. Sometimes we take up the word Religion, derived from the Latin, religere, to bind, and work out a simple instruction, to shbw that being bound means being responsible to the <»e to whom we are bound. When one is bound by the basic law na- tural to all human beings, th^ the obligation is necessarily a religious one— one is bound to a Supreme Being— God, and there is no possibility of escape. Since the one who is bound is a rational creature— which implies his free will— the law that binds may be obeyed, more or less adequately. It may be denied, or it may be flouted. But the law will not budge, it is there just the same, so that the consequences of obedience or of disobedience is for each one of the human family to choose, personally. It is this recognition of the law which binds each ttid all to worship God, Aat lies as the foundation of every system of worship under ^e sun. 1 1 6 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST When speaking in a more general way, of the different reli- gious systems and divisions of history, we sometimes use the terms made famous by the late Prof. Charles Devas— Christians, Fore-Christians, After-Christians, and Jews. So may be seen the great divisions, however many sub-divisions there are or may be, of the three latter systems. This back-ground simplifies the task of showing that religion implies the recognition of a divine personality to whom the worshipper is bound. The one recognized is distinct from natural phenomena, yet seen in Na- ture, by His handiwork. Hence, He is a Creator, a Maker of all creatures, and a Maker of the Law which binds His creatures to Himself. Worship implies recognition, more or less distinct, of God as man's Judge— a Judge who will deal justly with each one of us. Then comes the touchstone at which every person of our street meeting, within his own heart, makes record of his own place— it is within or without the one true Church:— is there any other Church on earth save the Catholic Church that claims to speak with the authority of God Himself in matters of faith and morals? If, then, one wants a religion pure and undefiled, he must accept the Catholic Church from the hand of our Blessed Lord, who gave the keys of heaven to Peter. So far as the sixty millions of our populace, nominally Protestant, as represented by the man in the American street, have any religion, it is possessed of a negative quality end in but little quantity, made up of a varying personal opinion. It was **found out" by Bishop William A. Lawrence of Massachusetts (The New Republic) that the man in the street has but little faith in ministers: "The minister is clever at sliding throug-h." "Nlnety-nlno per ««nt of the ministers are wishy-washy." "They preach for money." "Ministera aren't modern, they lack moral couraire to speak the truth." Even though it were not the duty of Catholic laymen to idd in bringing converts to the Church, there could be no rijiht- RELIGION IN THE STREET 117 ful objection to our Campaigning for Christ, since we do not, like the iconoclast, take away what little faith the unchurched have; but rather add to the very little they have. Atheism Of course, the Atheist is ever present with us at street meet- ings. His opposition is to religion in general, and his pet aver- sion is the Catholic Church. Yet, we do not permit ourselves to use this word as an opprobrious epithet. We deal with it serious- ly as though it were— as indeed it is— now necessary to establish the fact of God's existence as a mere cold matter of human rea- son. We assert that we Catholics are the true rationalists, be- cause our rrlinds are convinced; first, by finding the ground of right-reason, and then by following the logical course of reason that leads back to the First Cause. We argue that the changing phenomenon of the. natural universe, as one whole, is intellectual- ly seen by its contrast to that which does not change— its Cause ; that a multitudinous effect thus stands over against an ultimate Cause. Hence, rationally, we know this one cause is not merely equal but necessarily superior to all the effects which flow from all natural causes taken together. This ultimate Cause must have personality, intelligence and free-will, since we ourselves have intelligence and free-will. Thus the First Cause is respon- sible for our existence, but not the cause of our free-will acts. We are responsible for our obedience to the natural law of our being, namely, the law obliging us to acquire the knowledge of our First Cause, and so to worship God. It is frequently made evident to us that a goodly number of the crowd before us, are glad to hear a defense of the belief in God that confronts the cock-sure atheist on his chosen ground, and puts him to rout. Surely it is a refreshment of the spirit to see a street crowd, for the time being, repudiate atheism en the ground that it is not rational to bold that doctrine. The next step is made easier— to win the heart, to seek the happiness for which man was created. lis CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST There are only a few of tiboae who, at our street meetings, challenge the belief in God, who can in their own way pretend to any sort of a philosophical system to support their mental habit of repudiating religion. So it should be held in mind that a very small percentage of those who make "big talk" could or would follow their words to the end of their destruc- tive conclusions. They are not ready to go the whole broad road of desolation with Proudhon, who denied all external authority on earth, while scorning the idea of heaven. Pro- udhon, the proudest idol of these presumed to be intellectual atheists of our day, has set the speech of his followws in a rut ; the idea of the existence of God in merely "a figment of the religious brain." Again : "What humanity seeks in religion and calls God, is itself." If, then, we owe nothing to God, there is nothing we owe to Caesar. So also, "The State is a mirage of the political imagination." With God non-eidstant, it logically follows that authority should be lost for want of a relation between man and his Cause;— be- tween individual man and organized society— the body politic. But ProiKihon did not merely write himself down an ass : "If Uiere does exiat a Being: superior to Humanity, there must txlst a system of relation between this Being: and Humanity." Proudhon's "if saves the day 1 for however bad the individ- ual's will, the rational mind of man created by Almighty God, must at times, come back to the normal— to mental equili- brium. Hence, more or less frankly, Proudhon acknowledges that there is a code of morals binding upon "Humanity." In the defense of the belief in God we ring the changes on the classic argument of Design. This proof can be made very effective in the open. First, by showing that every man imme- diately recognizes the difference between nature's work and man^s work— between buildings and trees. That a piece of man's work gives, in itself, the proof that the design is distinct from his work and yet he has left his personal impress upon it RELIGION IN THE STREET 119 We know that the design for the piece of material wealth bclore us was intellectuaHy created out of nothing material, before it was wrought out by the human hand into its material shape. So that it is reasonable to conclude that just as a man can create his design for his piece of wealth out of nothing material, so also did God not only create His design out of nothing that was made, but also by His fiat He brought material substances which are seen and phyical forces which are unseen, into existence and set up the form and the order of this marvellous creation that we know as nature. So also did God place man here, with the universe as his natural home, for the span of his natural life. Again, we cite the universality of the belief in a Supreme Being as proof that religious worship is natural to the race at all times, and in all places upon the earth. Nobody can dispute the fact that homage is paid by men everywhere to a superior being— to God. This worship is pure in Christ's own Church ; it is mixed with more or less error by other Christian bodies as well as by Jews, Pagans, barbarians and by tribes with their gruesome methods. Because of their false concepts of their Heavenly Father, many tribes pay a sincere tribute to the power of Almighty God even though their manner of worship is revolting to civilized man. We' quote Livingstone, who after his travels in darkest Africa, testifies to the naturalness of worship : "However degraded these people may be, there is no need of telling them of the existence of God, or of a future life. These two truths are universally admitted in Africa. If we speak to them of a dead man, they reply: He is gone to God."-— (Missionary Travels: p. 158). After centuries of scientific research the world is con- strained to say what the moralist Plutarch said, at the beginning of the Christian era: "If you travel the earth, you may find cities without walls, or literature, or laws, or fixed habitations, or coins. 120 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST But a city destitute of temples and gods, no one has ever seen or ever shall see." In agreement with all the ancient authors, Cicero asks, and answers his own question : "What human family is there that does not have, before all other knowledge, an anticipated know- ledge of the Divinity?" and his answer is, "No nation is so gross " Yet, during all the known centuries right up-to-date atheists have denied the existence of God and have now and again heralded the discovery of peoples without any sort of worship. But their "proof" was no proof that religion is not natural to the human race. Just as at first it was thought that the tribe of Mincopies on the English island of Andaman was without any sort of worship, it was soon found that these savages had more than enough religion to make the joy of the atheists short-lived. An universal agreement as to the nature of God and as to man's right relation to Him, is not to be expected. Such com- plete, such perfect knowledge, is a combination of natural revela- tion on the one hand, and of supernatural revelation on the other— perhaps to be attained only for the "few who are chosen." The knowledge, gained by human research, of the uni- versality of the belief in the existence of God, is quite sufficient to prove that God has implanted in the human consciousness a conviction of His existence. This fact, by itself, classes the atheists' attitude to be a perverse state of mind. By analogy the case is simple. Even amongst the most intelligent men of science, there is no agreement as to what electricity is in its own nature, yet there is complete agreement as to the fact of its ex- istence, because its modes of manifestation are known beyond dispute. Again, atheists argue that fear of natural phenomena— as thunder-storms, earthquakes, volcanoes— is the main-spring of the worship amongst primitive peoples. B« it sol Fear of RELIGION IN THE STREET 121 God's power through the play of natural forces, may well be the ground floor of wisdom with savages, just as the fear of the consequences of immoral thoughts and deeds is the beginning of wisdom for those who are brought under the influence of Christianity. In either instance God is seen more or less darkly, or more or less clearly through the phenomena that inspire the fear. Hence it is inescapable that in either case fear is, so to say, a negative recognition of God's existence and of our na- tural relation to Him. If atheists were indeed wise, they would know that fear as a basis of savage worship and of an enlight- ened dread of moral punishment is a basic evidence of the truth of that wholesome doctrine of hell, at which they also scoff. So, too, is there a positive side to nature worship. Not fear but a recognition of the beneficence of the sun leads to the wor- ship of that magnificent orb that directly lights up our day and indirectly lights up our night. However, philologists are some- what agreed that tlie languages of primitive peoples show that nature pushes its roots beyond the physical reality; that ' "Nature is the glass reflecting God. As by the ?ea reelected is th^ sun." We show that the natural dignity of man will not permit him to worship a non-rational creature. One distinct from na- ture only, can command man's worship since he is the bne created being endowed with the conscious principle— self- recognition. It was Carlyle who put this issue roughly : ''If a pig knew himself to be a pig he would no longer be a pig."^ Certain it is that "fore Christians," especially of the primi- tive type, should be excused if "in terms drawn from nature" they "express the idea of God." The grave errors and even the monstrous practices of savage worshippers is all to the good, since even the grossest form of paying homage is preferable to a denial of God by an otherwise astute mind. The many superstitions that cumber up the atheist's mind, are well brought out by Lord Bacon : 122 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST "I hiMi r«^«r b«ll«v« all the fables in ttie L,«ff«nd. and the Tmi- mi^L aa4 1£m M^ofn, than that this untvocsal fimme is without a S^iia. It Ut tnM ttiat a little philosophy inolineth man's mind to Mhiiltom, but dei^th in philosophy bringreth men's minds about t« reunion ; for while the mind of man looketh upon second eauses scattered, it may someUmes rest la them and go on further ; b«t when it beholdeth the chain of them confederate and linked together, it must needs fly to Providence and Deity." However, the most popular form of atheism held by the man-in-the-street today, is interwoven with economic notions. Because God has not set up his particular scheme for the pro- duction and distribution of wealth there is, forsooth, "No God/' because there should be "No Master." In vain does his inner conscience cry out ^lai it is not right to lie, to steal and to kill ; his perverse little attitude denies eommon s^ise and his tongue insists that any^ng is right that leads to the emancipation of the worMng dam. Of course, these up-to-date atheists bow down to authori^— to self -elected law-makers. They will quote you Engels whose "ipse dixit" is that there are no such things as eternal principles nor is there an unchangeable moral code. When the "Revolution" shall have shattered the last vestige of private property then : "In a society in which the motive for theft does not exist steal- ing would only be the practice of the weak-minded, and the preacher of morals who proclaimed 'Thou shalt not steal' aa an eternal com- mandment would only be lausrhed at for his pains." — ("Landmarks of Scientific Socialism" p. 128). We point out that as it was, so it is— those who steal today are not the weak-minded, but rather the morally weak. Also that because God made the family to be the unit of civ^i society, no nation will ever be able to maintain itself by a deaiai of the right of the family to hold private property. Furthemore, that no civilization is possible without commerce betwe«i nations. Yet, since these underlying principles do aot take away free will, the coal barons of today have the power— though not the right— unjustly to enrich themselves, just ae ia old deys Rob Roy decreed : "They shall take who have the pewer AjiA they shall keep whe ehh." RELIGION IN THE STREET 123 Then from anarchy we come back to the law, God's law as it is graven on the hearts of man a universal fact not to be denied. Marx and all the other materialists to the contrary, the law we must keep or take the ill consequences of our rejection of it. Since the existence of the unseen law is not to be denied, it logically follows that an unseen Law-Giver must be recog- nized. The moral law is not man-made. If it were it would rightly be subject to change by man— by the will of the people. Then, too, it logically follows that if man made the law man may not alone change the law but he may break the law without blame, since its source is not above the power of his own will. But right reasoning insists that the moral law is fixed— un- changeable — and our conscience tells us it is inalienable — immu- table. So if we concede, as we must, the existence of the moral law, we confess our moral responsibility to the Law-Giver, to God. It were as lacking in common sense to expect no punishment from the state for disobedience to its laws as it is to expect no punishment for disobedience to the law that God commands U8 to obey. Caesar sets up his own statutes, yet, since the moral relation of man to God is universal— unlimited— and the sphere of Caesar external and limited, the laws of th« state justly con- form to the laws of God. The officers of the state having the right and the might carry out the will of the Government. The police, the judge and the jury bring the violators of the law to justice— even to execution. So, also has God set up His tribunal on earth to which offenders may go for judgment, for punishment and for forgive- ness. TTiat one tribunal of penance is found m Christ's Church —the Catholic Church. In that one case the known criminal is brought to justice against his will, but in the case of the sinner his win is never forcedr Free will, his greatest gift from God, i§ respected without limit. Tht sinner goes voluntarily to con- fess his traHsgressions ftgaiMt tbe justice aad the love of his 124 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST Heavettly Father. He expects to make restitution as far as pos- sible for the sin committed and he is glad to perform his pen- ance in order once more to become a good friend of God. We stress the point that it is not a question of living for- ever, but rather that the Catholic questions himself as to whether he is fitting himself for hell or for heaven. .. By giving this practical turn to the discussion of the belief —or lack of belief— of the Atheists, we hope to lead some sin- sick souls in our audiej^ice to the source of relief and salvation. We hope by this presentation of reasonable facts to assure them that God has not left his ciiildren. to blunder through life not knowing and unable to learn His will. To lift up the thought of our audience to God through the order, harmony, power and beauty of nature, we quote from Father Abram Ryan: "Great Universal Cause, mysterious Power That Clothes the forest, and that paints the flower, Bids the fell poison in the upas grow, And sweet nutrition in the maple flow; Where'er we turn, the impartial eye may see Each leaf a volume, — its great Author, Thee, Nor less in everything- than Aaron's rod, Behold the agrency of Nature's God." We meet the Atheists' boast that Science has dethroned God by pointing out that since man is able to know God by the use of his natural powers of body and soul— every advancement in true science gives but an added zest for paying homage to God. We instance the fact that by the use of his naked eye one may see some four thousand stars, by using an opera glass the number is increased to about one hundred thousand. But vastly better still is the invention of the telescope. It is said that by its use a hundred million of the hundreds of millions of stars that adorn the firmament are brought into view. Surely, the scientist shall share in the glad song of the Psalmist that adorns the dome of the National Library in Washington. "The heavens show forth the glory of God and the firmament declareth the work of His Hands." — (P. 18:2). RELIGION IN THE STREET HI No, to science every right-minded man gives credit for bring- ing him more detailed knowledge about God's creation. It is not Science that stands in the path of Religion, but rather it is that "little knowledge" that blots out from tjie boastful heart the im- age of God. At the Vatican Council it was declared excathedra : "If any one shall say that the one and true God, our Creator and Lord, cannot be certainly known by the natural light of human reason through the thing's that are made, let him be anathema." Unseen Things The ultra-materialist is usually present. We address him in order to bring the whole argument down to its lowest tone: "I don't believe in God because I refuse to believe in anything that I can't see." Really that is too bad! Let us ask a few questions to show the audience how much strength there is to your disbelief in things unseen. Did you ever see ttoae basic principles of love, justice and democracy that are so frequently made manifest in the lives of good men? Now for a physical question or two: Did you ever see the powej: that causes the water in the river to flow to the sea ? Or that force that no man has seen save by its manifestations of light, heat and motion, that is called electricity? Let us test the disbelief in unseen things in yet another way: Does it so chance that you have visited the city of Chicago? If not, surely yoti may not believe in the fact of its existence. Really, now, it is a pity not to be able to see with the mind's eye— that instrument of the soul— for it is this power of intellectual vision, given by God, with which we know God without a shadow of doubt. It is not merely the atheists who repudiate authority, there fi a large number of folk who do not, so they say, believe in dognlas : "You Catholics believe in dogmas, is that not 90 ?" Certainly, yes. "Wdl the flays of dogma are passed— only churcb-goett aecoDt them/' 126 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST Not so ! Everybody believes in dogmas of one kind or another. Even when the atheist says "I don't believe in God" —he negatively gives testimony that there is a God, his dogma is a negation. He puts himself in a ridiculous mental attitude, for his denial of God is conversely an assertion of the ^istence of a being to whom he denies existence in the same breath. Hence the atheist is rationally called upon to prove the non- existence of God— which is utterly impossible. The Catholic is in a rational mental attitude when giving assent to religious dogmas. These dogmas are proposed by those who know— hy God's chosen agents. Of course, if a religious dogma is set up by those who do not know, nobody is obliged to pay heed to it. It is not God's truth but rather a man-made dogma— an opinion that soon comes to grief, because it is not of God. The dogmas of the Catholic Church have stood the test of time— they change not, because they are God's truths. But there are other dogmas than those of religion, and there is no possible getting on without dogmas in every depart- ment, branch and detail of human activity. They tell what to do and how to do it. For a dogma is a terse way of stating a truth— a fact. A dogma is set forth upon competent authority. Of course, there are counterfeit dogmas just as there are coun- terfeit dollars. It is a philosophical dogma that up is up and down is down. It is a mathematical dogma that two plus two makes four. It is a physical dogma that light travels faster than sound. It is an historic dogma that Napoleon was defeated at Ldipsic. As a matter of historic fact the dogmas of the Catholic Church have never been successfully denied: There is a God. Christ is the Son of God. Christ established a Church. The Bishop of Rome occupiee the Seat of Peter. RELIGION IN THE STREET 127 These are dogmas that are scientific, they are demonttfable truths. No, the days of dogmas have not passed. The dogma* of the Catholic Church set forth truths, for religious truth whole and entire is in her keeping. We may venture a philosophical dogma : The denial of God indicates a disordered mind — the state of the atheist. Agnostics The agnostic who halts at the auto-van to hear what Catholics have to say for themselves, wears a complacent smile. His self- made armor fks satisfactorily. He does not know, therefore, nobody knows. Our old Yankee agnostic still adores his Ingersoll, but our new-comers have drunk deep at the bitter waters of "Scientific Socialism." Agnosticism is, they say, "shamefaced material- ism." But materiaMsm should be brazenly bold, not "shame- faced." So these up-to-date agnostics who prefer to be "aggres- sive" rather than "respectable" supply that psychology of the crowd that is quite the opposite to the modest demeanor of the men who want to know— who are willing to learn. When it comes to words, the agnostic is in a sheltered position— he does not know, how then should he be made responsible? He prides himself that he has fallen back upon the literal meaning of the Greek word— agnostic— "I don't know," and then he strongly asserts that he does know that God, the soul, things vital to reli- gion, are un-knowable. Nothing better, nothing worse, than a vicious circle for him, round and round, and at every pause— "I don't know." The agnostic is not to be convinced. Indeed, save by the grace of God, it were a mere waste of words to speak to him about things religious. Yet, by speaking at him, those others in the crowd who have more or less sympathy with his method of shirking moral responsibility may, perhaps, be shamed out of so irrational a state of mind. CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST f Uld^t th« atheist, tbe agnostic wiU not deny the existence of a life principle of some sort, as distinct from the dust of which we are made, even though the surgeon is unable, when cutting up the human body, to show it to him. Neither will the agnostic dei^ that planetaiy bo^es are under the sway of un- see 1 laws. Yet, when it comes to the acknowledgment of the Law Giver, "I don't know" is his inconsequent and exasperating answer. With a smile of superiority he declines to examine the claim of the Vatican Council: "God, the beginning and end of j^ll, can, by the light of natural reason, be known with certainty from the works of creation." He insists upon writing nature with a big N and for all his high-sounding terms, unreasonable and unscientific, he fails utterly to realize that in fact he has been saying, to use the Catholic Encyclopedia's phrase, "I know nothing, not even that I know nothing." Free Thought The Iree-thou^t folk form a rather large quota of those who give us a hearing in the public parks. Of course, being "lib- eral" they object to our belief in Christ— that Christ is God. Yet, their criterion— /ree thought— ^tn^vXA exempt us from their displeasure since we were free to think we wanted to enter the Catholic Church. Now that we are within we are free to think that we are phywicaJiy free to remain or not to remain withii- the one true fold. We express surprise that the believers in free thought seem never to have thought so far as to know the vast difference be- tween the freedom to think and the liberty to give free expres- sion to thought. Our first move is to make it plain that, normal- ly speaking, external circumstances are unable to control one's thoughts. Even during times of religious persecution it is merely the free expression of thought that is denied by civil authority. Just as in time of war one is fr^e in thought, even to be a traitor, but he is not free to express this thfsight in his ipeeGh or in his deed. RELIGION IN THE STREET 129 No one can deny that we have full liberty t-o think, that there is no interference by any external authonty whatsoevw. But after all this is not the head and front of their offend- ing. These "free thought" folk want a public sanction to defy the very laws of thought. It is not the liberty to think freely (for all have that) that is, in fact, demanded, it is the license not to think that they advocate. It is easy to see the absurdity of the doctrine of "free thought" if one has the good will to be open to conviction, for human thought is governed by laws, by rational principles. Just a gabble of words is not a sentence, not a pronouncement, just so a chaos of ideas is not a rational process— not a thought structure. We are not free to think God created evil— for God is good. We are not fiee to think we may set up our own code of morals -for God has given us the Ten Commandments. We are not free to think we nrtay walk head down, like the fly— we are not made that way. We aie not free to think the world is our coun- try—for America has a right to our loyalty. We are not free to think Ingersoll saved the Union— that honor belongs to Gen- eral Grant. We are not free to think that five times five make thirty-five- -for we know the value of numbers. We are not free to think that a rag doll is a load of potatoes— for we know bet ter. Neither does one's good intention change ^he law : Who by taking thought can change his stature ? or make the fig of the thistle? One thing is not the other thing, and nobody's thought is free so to believe. But since God's thoughts alone are per- fect, we are all subject to error and to ignorance. If, however, wc have good will we may correct our error and become less ignorant. But no defense of "free thought" will avail since the term itself is intellectually ridiculous. However, these very superior folk who insist upon free thoughl; do not apply their unscientific principles to physics, mathematics, nor to the every day matters of living. It has 130 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST application only within the sphere of religion. They insist that they are free to believe what they will— that they are free from that blind confidence with which Catholics accept the say-so of others— of priests. So, after all, the attack is upon the freedom of our will. It all comes to the nature of God and the nature of man and to religion— the tie which binds man to the law and the love of God. They desire to blot out God's freedom of will, by which He created human nature, as it is. For it is not what they would have it— human thought is bound and human will is free. Narrowed down to the crux of the matter, this "free thought" quarrel is with the fact of our free will. Our free right it is which permits us to choose what we believe to be right or what we believe to be wrong. It makes us responsible for what we will to do— for entertaining the notion of "free thought" for we are capable of reasoning rightly. Irreligion in General Taken altogether, the irreligious element in our street crowds, with those who are indiffergit, rather out-balances the numbers of those who hold more or less closely to a definite reli- gious faith. Of course, especially in the larger cities, we have always with us a sustaining body of Catholics, so when the dis- cussion falls flatly upon faith or no faith, the psychological sup- port of Catholics is of great value in kindling the right spirit in others. The neo-Pagans in Arnerica are indeed different from the Pagans who were and are "fore-Christians." The neo-Pagans here are the "after-Christians" gone to seed. They do not care a hand's turn about the differences that separate the Protestant sects— all are taboo. As to the Catholic Church, it appears more or less foreign to them. It is their surprise to see an open propaganda in the interest of things Catholic that arrests their attention and gives them pause. So, regarding the non-religious RELIGION IN THE STREE'i ' ^'i elements, taken together, it seems a mere matter of showing upon what faith rests— our belief upon the authority of another. If upon the authority of others we rely in every sphere of every- day life, why not look at the reasons for relying upon authority in matters religious ? Everybody accepts as authority the word of those whom they believe. We believe that this, that and another person knows what to do and how to do it in a given case. The lawyer, the banker, the doctor, the engineer, the butcher, the baker, the candlestick maker, all have our confidence. We step foot aboard ship from New York to Havre with hardly a thought that we have faith in the Captain. We board a train from Boston to San Francisco with faith that the engineer has the authority to carry us over, and the skill to do so. If then we put our trust in the authority of these men to take us safely on journeys from place to place, should we not seek out the authority upon the one great journey of life, and take heed of his instructions? We drink frora the fountain having faith that our officials have kept the water pure. So too in every detail of life, we give our confidence to those who are subject to error. If it be the part of common sense to acknowledge and to act upon fallible author- ity, is it the part of common sense to deny the rational conclusion that the First Cause has personality and therefore that God ha authority over the persons He has created? There is no reason for denying the historic authority of him, who by apostolic suc- cession, sits in the chair of Peter. The historic testimony is as sound in proof that Peter was given authority over the keys of heaven as it is in proof that Caesar was stabbed b)^ Brutus. The skeptic has faith in the natural order of things— that the sun will appear upon our horizon day after day. So should he believe in the testimony of his reason— that it is unseen forces which keep the sun in its course. Then behind those material things seen and the physical forces unseen there should rationally come into the view of tht skeptic's mind's eye the design as one whole of Him who set up tihe coemos, with the earth as the abode of man. 13i CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST Again, this design of the cosmos should be seen distinct from the cosmos. To complete the rational process both the original design and the cosmos itself must be seen distinct from the Creator of all things. Since then God is all powerful is it not absurd to deny His ability to make Himself known to those to whom He has given the consciousness of themselves ? This gift of self -consciousness is the connecting link between the individual and his Maker. Who then shall say that knowledge of God and that faith in God is irrational ? For it is certain that God promised to send His only begotten Son upon earth ;— that Christ Jesus is that Son ; that Christ performed miracles during His three years mission that supernatural power only could accomplish ; that He established a Church ; that through His Church He prom- ised eternal happiness to those who obey the moral law and, conversely, eternal punishment to those who disobey its man- dates, ''For by grace you are saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; for it is a gift of God."— Eph. II. 8.). Sentimental Skepticism The better than God skeptic would not make animals to suffer, one to feed upon another. He would not let men go to war to kill one another. He would not permit a few men to have all the money and millions of poor men to slave and starve. No, this type of man is altogether too good to worship his own God, and since there are not a few of him, we sometimes give him attention from the auto-van. We point out the difference between sensation and conscious- ness. That animals have physical sensation— they feel but they do not think. This being so, animals cannot fear the consequence of pain nor can they reflect upon the cause of pain. It were, then, a sheer waste of sympathy to pity a dog with a broken paw as ont would pity a boy who had stubTjed his toe. The boy hfts a vivid conaciousness that his toe is hurt— it will prevent RELIGION IN THE STREET IH him from doing this, that and another thing that he wants to do. There is no thought whatsoever in the head of the dog. The boy reflects that the cause of his wound was his careless fault, and the boy repents his fault. But the dog is never con- sciously, but rather instinctively, careful. Neither is he ever conscious that he has been careless, but rather instinctively the dog avoids going through the fire. The better than God skeptic regards eating chicken an act of cruelty since the chicken has first to be killed. This more- considerate-than God skeptic should confine himself to inert matter for God has given man fish and meat to eat. Of course, he is rightly concerned when men are cruel to animals, but it should rather be for the reason that cruelty in the man degrades his nature— and so he hurts himself more than he could possibly hurt an animal. . * Pacifist Skeptic The anti-war skeptics are rather numerous ; "If there were a good God men would not be permitted to go to war to kill one another?" The answer is simple— killing is not the purpose of war. But killing is indeed incidental to the purpose of war. Nations justly make war upon one another to defend what in conscience they believe to be a defense of their rights— to vindi- cate their honor— and in doing so the taking of life is, per- haps, the least of the ill consequences that are suffered upon either side of the firing line.— It is not when a man dies, but rather is he prepared to die— that is the question that really matters. To die nobly in defense of one's country, was ever to be enrolled amongst the heroes on earth ; while to die heroically in defense of the Faith is to be one amongst the company of saints. Surely the thought that leads to the denial of God because He *'is not good' will not aid in putting an end to war. It is the belief in God and the practical recognition that all men are 13 > CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST brothers in Christ— because they are the sons of God— that shall prevent wars. There is no possible brotherhood in irreligion for God the Father is denied. Economic Skeptics Many a man in the crowd at our street meetings charges up to God the economic injustices that prevail. We point out that the "inhumanities of man to man" lie in the gift of his free will: "Supreme of gifts, which God, creating, gave of His free bounty, sign most evident of goodness, and in His account most prized was liberty of will; the boon, wherewith all intellectual creatures, and them sole He hath endow'd." Being free, men may be wicked if they so will. Yet of all the wickedness at their command that of offense to Almighty God is the deepest dyed. For although the ways of God are infinitely higher than the ways of men the truth and goodness of the Giver of all good gifts are not past finding but. God has given man this world of plenty— fruitful soil, beasts of the field, birds of the air, fishes of the sea, treasures untold in the earth, water power, electric power, and the warmth and light of the sun over all the natural beauty of creation. He has given man the marvelous genius to use all these to his own end and to the advantage of the entire race. Together with all these things God has given to mankind a knowledge of the moral law. It becomes, therefore, the duty of man and not of God to see to it that equity shall be maintained between men in all their rela- tions of producing and exchanging the economic wealth of the world. So, after all, economic injustice shall be cleared away by the genuine practice of the Golden Rule. No greater satisfac- tion is given to those in our audience who ha\'e good will than by our defense of our gift from God of free-will. It sets aright for the time being, at least, the thought of the crowd. Certainly injustice abounds in the worH and the wicked still flourish like a green bay tr?^' - f < !:] ^^'^t there comes a RELIGION IN THE STREET 135 ifane wh«n God will "reward everyone according to his ways." (EccluB. XI, 28.). So it is certain that suffering awaits the un- just rich. They may now see what is justly in store for theni since it is depicted in St. Luke (XVI, 22-24). Torments in the €d4 wait the wilful acts of a Dives while a Lazarus shall be eternally happy in the bosom of Abraham. So it is that all those who hold philo*ophically to the jus- tice of God and, while hoping for mercy, strive in practice to do justly. They in very truth believe : "Eye hath not seen nor ear heard, neither hath it entered the heart of man, what thingrs God hath prepared for those that love Him. — (1 Cor. II 9). Intellectual Blashphnmer In our Campaign for Christ the vulgar type of intellectual blasphemy comes to head rather frequently. With an imitation smile on his face a man asks : "What caused the First Cause." To simpie minded folk this seems at first shock a staggerin^jj stump. They are afraid it cannot be answered. Our policy is to address our answer to the crowd, not to the questioner, since his lack of good will constitutes him a hopeless case to reason with. Coolly, we turn the tables by asking: What comes iirst of first? Of course, nothing comes first of first. So the question -. what is the caiise of the First Cause- -is utterly lacking in com- mon sense. Everybody knows that whatsoever is first -whether it be the first violet we find in the spring, or the fiift ship off the ways— is first. There is nothip-g before it. This being universal- ly so in everyday matters with each one of us, individually, one must stultify his faculty for reasoning if he refuse to carr>- this mental process to its ultinuite conclusion. Going back f"oni effect to cause finally we come to the First Cause. It necessar- ily is the cau':e of ail created and secondary causes v/iili their divisions and s'j.b divisions, their extensions aiul their expan- sions, their ievitations ar.d th<^ir degradation . Xov>' v.hat in common sense could there be behiiv; these -e --Tviary and these 136 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST extended causes, but the First Cause— the Infinite Cause? Surely nothing. Thus one comes to the absurdity of proposing nothing as the cause of creation as one whole, when one asks for the cause of the First Cause. What man desires to defend so ridiculous a proposition ? By this time our audience is breathing freely— it is re- assured that the cock-sure questioner has over-shot his bolt. Furthermore, since the ultimate cause must be an Infinite Cause, and since but one Infinite Cause is possible, we come to a full stop. The First Cause is the final resting place of the human mind. It remains only for ue to learn of Him from Himself. Occasionally a Smart Aleck blasphemes God in a blunter way : "Who made God ?" We reply that it is irrational to ask who created the one limitless Being— a Being all-powerful, all-wise, all-just, all-good. Such a One can have no equal— no superior. Because God is self -existent He is therefore utterly distinct from creatures, for creatures are dependent for their existence upon their Creator. Since God is Infinite, Eternal, He has neither begin- ning nor end. He has given to us a definition of Himself that surpasses the scientific invention of man : "I am He Who Am." (Exodus III-14). Monism— Pantheism There are those who have been persuaded, because of their "higher education" that, although man is different only in de- gree, he is "almost unique" amongst animals from the fact that he uses tools. With a superior air, these folk pass by our auto- van on the other side. Because of their higher education they argue it is almost certain that "organic inheritance" is quite the best source of their existence— the best origin of their con- scious principle. Oh ! no, man is not made in the image of God— unless you mean to say man is made in the image of the cosmic man— even though it be a "matter of dispute" just how RELIGION IN THE STREET 137 the inorganic "arrived" and became organic. It is but natural, logical, that their conclusions, from a practical standpoint, should fit in nicely with the degraded origin they ascribe to the human race. Now if the "demands" of man's organic and social inheritance are rightly attended to as in the segregation prob- ably the sterilization of the physicially and mentally unfit, as they,— theBe chosen few— shall determine, the* future shall be left without fear. This state of mind with its manifold varia- tions, presents a stumbling block such as that of which Virgil warns Dante: "Thou must needs Another way pursue, if thou wouldst escape From out that savage wilderness. This beast At whom thou criest, her way will suffer none To pass, and no less hindrance makes than death* So bad and so accursed in her kind, That never sated is her ravenous will, Still after food more craving than before. To many an animal in wedlock vile ', She fastens, and shall yet to many more, Until that greyhound come, who shall destroy Her with sharp pain." * -^ (Divine Comedy). To those few—the intellectually misled— we stress the im- portance of the study of Catholic dogma as a sure corrective for that sort of "higher education" which barely takes away the belief in religion as the direct relation between us and Almighty God. We point out the many ramifications of religious law and cite the lists of subjects in the index volume of the Catholic Encyclopedia under Theology, Scripture, Law, Philosophy, Liturgy, Apologetics and Science, as evidence that the content of Christ's religion is not to be guessed at. But rather that theology— dogma— as taught by the Catholic Church— is the science of sciences. That although the truth and beauty of Catho- lic doctrine is never to be exhausted by the most industrious of the learned, it is yet as simple as it is vast, for in one case as in the other, the scholar or the unlettered takes it upon the authority of God Himself. So it follows, logically, that all we hope to do— in fact all that is necessary to do out in the open 138 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST when Campaigning for Christ— is to deal with a few basic phases of religion and to show how these principles are related to the everyday affairs of life. If perchance, anyone in our audience should desire to enter upon a serious study of our Faith, our clergy is ever ready to answer the whys and the wherefores of things Catholic. With regard to Monism or Pantheism we presume only to mark the error involved in assuming at once to be a monist and a believer in God. For God is not personally within His crea- tion. No more is the man who makes a clock personally within the clock he made. The clock-making was an act of his— his work— but he and his work are distinctly separate. At once, if one has the good-will to grasp the truth logically, he shall see the impossibility of believing that "I am the Creator and the created" as Emerson phrased it. This is equally contrary to reason, whether it be of a spiritualistic or a materialistic char- acter. For if there be but one thing, there is no other thing to stand in contrast to it, by which it may logically be seen. So that right-reason declares for a creation and a Creator. ^ Monists and Pantheists are found not only amongst the Lenins, Trotskys and the Emma Goldmans who openly attack the doctrines of the Catholic Church. Neither are they all amongst the Christian Science cultists, who, since all is "Mind" have ruled both God and His visible universe out of existence. There are the Fosdicks who under the specious claim of being "Liberals," work in the livery of clerics within the Protestant sects, with the express purpose of undermining those orthodox beliefs which Protestantism reserved to its use after the separa- tion from Mother Church— those "fundamentals" without which Protestantism would lose all connection with Jesus Christ our Lord and Saviour. Perish the thought ! These "liberals" et al., do not deny God's existence. Surely not! On the contrary theii belief in God is most positively asserted. Of course, such enlightenment RELIGION IN THE STREET 139 as they already possess would not permit their belief in the God of the Christians. Long since they imbibed the philosophy of the "over Soul" and drank deep of the fountain of the "Pure Ego" of which they form an extremely necessary part. They believe— so they do— in "Spiritual Substances." No, not in the idea that faith is "the substance of things unseen." Nobody, not even St. Paul with that old story of Atonement, shall take away their "Logical Concept." Neither shall the Bible dictate to them the Law, for the Ten Commandments are quite out of date. Being a conscious part of the "Universal Mind" it were quite unbecoming to believe in an "Absolute" from which they were excluded as an intrinsic part. Certainly, yes, of course the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob did very well for a primitive people, but who today save the ignorant, believes in a personal God ! Whatsoever their incidental differences, the Monists, Pan- theists, Liberals and what nots, have a sympathetic understand- ing that God and Matter is one in substance— Nature is God and God is Nature. So every manifestation witnessed or sensed, be it spiritualistic or be it materialistic, physicial or phychic, is an emanation from this "infinite" and "eternal" substance. All is One and One is All. It— this thing— that came from nowhere, without a rational leg to stand on, which is, without a ghost of a reason, going on and on to nowhere, is "self-evolving" if you please, and is therefore ever "becoming." But sad to relate, it never "arrives." In the course of millions, or billions, or trillions of years, it does not matter— man emerged from the "Monera." How splendid 1 The result of Monistic-Pantheistic imagin- ings ! God is not ; the Almighty is swept into the discard. Yes ! Into discard is swept the One true God Whom reve- lation bespeaks. Whom reason bespeaks. Whom history bespeaks. Whom the human heart craves, Whom Christians truly worship; Omnipotent God: "All things were made by Him; and without Him was made nothing that was made."— St. John 1-3). 140 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST It seems high time that this one thing with its "mass-mind" were laughed out of the cpurt of rational appeal. Yet, this were too much to expect. It fits in too nicely with Marxian Social- ism which denies free-will in order to make the individual the irresponsible victim of economic conditions. The Socialist Eldorado is to come hap-hazard any old way, but it shall be utterly destitute of an original cause. For "The original, the universal cosmos, has no cause, it is its own cause and effect."— ("Positive Outcome of Philosophy" Dietzgen). Too bad ! to give the race so great a task when we have so much to do. Besides the effort -of doing to death free-will and the right of private property, and some other little incidental things, we must make a new— a universal— language to take the place of all those now under the sun, because so many necessary words have utterly lost their meaning. Surely ; Joseph Dietzgen says so; (The Positive Out-come of Philosophy); and Karl Marx long since introduced him to the Socialist world as "Our Philosopher." Josie admits that reason is unnecessary in form- ing" a rational judgment ; hear him : "To understand the universe, then, means to become aware that this being of aU beings has no beginning, no cause, no truth nor reason outside and beside itself, but has everything in and by itself." Come to think ). Many men with high reputations as biological scientists frankly acknowledge belief in a Creative Power outside of na- ture—in God as the Giver of Life. Yet others, unhappily evad- ing the plain evidence of the experiments made by Pasteur still hold vaguely to their preconceived atheistic notions. Besides correcting the views of well disposed men of science, at the same time Pasteur struck a body-blow at those atheist philosophers who were using the once supposedly correct theory of spontaneous generation to spread a Godless cult — thus com- pelling men who love darkness rather than light to take a new tack. Of late this new tack is being taken upon the authority of Prof. Lull, who, as we have shown, stands sponsor for the statement that once the earth became fitted for the abode of organic beings life appeared with no known geologic cause "other than" this, gradually attained fitness. If this is not what should be understood, we stand in error ; the gradually attained fitness of the earth as the abode of organ- ic beings is the cause of life, since geology knows no other. Alas! the peril of "education." When Campaigning for Christ we turn the mind of our audi- ence to the wholesome statement of Lord Kelvin— Sir William Thompson— who could say that: "Science positively affirms creative power." (N. T. Times, May 3, 1,903). "Science positively affirms creative power," because the rational mind of man bent upon searching out the explanation of our existence comes to a halt only when Infinite Power is reached. EVOLUTION 159 Yet there are scientists who evade the findings of science seemingly for no better reason than that the disproved theory of spontaneous generation is their only defense against the doc- trine of Special Creation held by the Catholic Church. They cannot allow the Church to go scott-free because, as they say, her "repressive measures" make too great an inroad against the success of the evolutionary propaganda; she has even "stopped the progress of the evolutionary idea" itself. Prof Fairfield Osborn is keenly aware of the influence of Rome, in blocking the progress of the evolutionary idea, and we see it in his "From Greeks to Darwin," and in the fake pictures displayed in the Hall of the Age of Man (Nat. Museum N. Y). With other scientists, evasion is not enough; Prof. Weis- man, who stands second as a Darwinist to Darwin himself, re- fuses to take the consequences of the annihilation of spontaneous generation. For that were an acknowledgment that life came from life— from a Creator. Quoting from his book of Essays— "Spontaneous genera'tion, in spite of all vain efforts to demon- strate it, remains for me a logical necessity." So, an utterly dis proved and illogical theory— that inorganic matter by its self- evolution becomes organic beings— is still retained as a "logical necessity" by one with a recognized claim to scientific knowledge. Surely w^e may be pardoned for squarely planting the question —what for? In Campaigning for Christ we give the answer :— Evidently for the purpose of satisfying a philosophy of bad-will. For our effort is to restore to the man in the street natural confidence in God as the Creator of heaven and earth and in God as our Heavenly Father. Origin of Man After all, it is not the origin of life which is the crux of the issue which interests us particularly, but rather the origin of man. If man were merely a higher organism than plants and 160 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST animals, then the whole structure of religion should long ago have fallen, for the fierce floods of human pride and malice that have beaten upon it would have dashed it to pieces like a house built upon the sands. If man be not the creature of an Absolute Law Giver, there is no Moral Law which man is bound to obey. To be a safe distance from the policeman's club need be man's only care. But this is arrant nonsense. God is the Creator of all things and His Law binds the universe. Beyond the limits of time and space and distinct from all created things, there is an Infinite Original Being. He is the First Cause and mover of all things— our Creator and Father— the Supreme, Adorable God. To postulate otherwise is to dis- card reason. Without God to guide him, man's destiny is destruc- tion. He journeys to ruin by the broad road of license and law- lessness. He is that pitiable scriptural character who says in his heart there is no God— a blinded fool, the jest of Satan, who sells his birthright for a mess of pottage. In Campaigning for Christ we try to make it plain that Science is and ever has been, and ever must be, the loyal hand- maid of the Church— that the history of the race shows that Science has always given its support to religion. We make it plain that our objection is to that theory of evolution which denies in any way whatever the direct relation of the individual man to God ; that whether the theory be of the Emersonian variety or of the Spencerian (to which the aristo- cratic anarchists delight to pay honor), it is all blank atheism once it is probed to the bottom. Fancy the "universal whole" giving a Spencerian account of itself 1 This is how the earth came to be— how we came to be ! "Evolution is a change from an indefinite incoherent homogeneity to a definite coherent heterogeneity through continuous differentiations and intergra- tions." The Bible gives this account of the universal whole: EVOLUTION 161 "in the beginning God created heaven and earth." God's words are simple— a child may take them in, and the profoundest mind may probe and ponder them a life-time to find them ever true. But those words of Spencer! Truly Goldwin Smith has given many a man a good lauglf by his facetious comment upon them. "The universe may well have heaved a sigh of relief; through the cerebration of an eminent thinker, it had been delivered of this account of itself," (Contemporary Review, Feb. 1882). Years ago, when an anarchist acquaintance of ours had, with firm precision and great gusto, quoted Spencer's definition as the final word on evolution, a wag friend of ours who was standing soberly said: "Let me put it into plain English: "Evolution is a change from a nohowish, untalkaboutable a likeness, to a somehowish and in general talkaboutable not-aU- aiikeness, by continuous somethingelseifications and sticktogether- P.tions" (Goldwin Smith). The entire case may be stated in a few words : The theory of mechanistic evolution has been discarded by the most candid scientific minds for half a century ; there is, at present, no agree- ment as to the value of the data which is put forward by those who advocate the theory af the animal origin of man and the Godless philosophy of the origin of life. Why then, should the general public— which must ever rely upon the authority of specialists in science for their opinions in these matters— accept the theory of man's animal origin? There is no sufficient rea- son to warrant their doing so, and it would be foolish to gamble with Time when Eternity is at stake. Besides, when the issue falls upon moral ground, we must believe the Word of God rather than the testimony of men. If Galileo had confined himself to the sphere of physical science, all would have been well. But his attitude was that such and such data showed the Bible to be wrong, when the fact of the matter was and is, that the Bible repeals the moral con- stitution of man, his relation to God, himself and his neighbor, 162 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST rather than the typical relations of the planets within the planet- ary system. So the Galilean discoveries could not possibly affect the Bible and prove their contents wrong. So, likewise, the task of today is to show that God has been mocked without reason and that His evolutionist critics are foolish sinners. The issue may be put in a nutshell as follows: 1 — Without some fundament in fact an hypothesis is a mere figment of the imagination. 2 — But the hypothesis of organic evolution is an unfounded hypo- thetical conception. 3 — Therefore organic evolution is a mere figment of the imagina- tion. Of course, this is not convincing to the man in the street. It is not our purpose to teach science or logic, but to let it be broadcasted that the attacks upon the law of God, as set forth in the Bible, have as little effect upon their sacrosanct object as a cannonading of pop-guns would have upon the Rock of Gib- raltar. As Catholics, we leave protestation and Protestantism to those who do not believe what they should believe ; namely, that God has left an infallible moral guide for His children. Yet, we try to state our belief in a manner that will contrast the basic principles of our faith with the deep-rooted errors of our day, so we bring them together in the following way. 1st— We believe that God made man: "And God created man to His own image; to the image of God he created him; male and female He created them" (Gen. I, 27). 2nd— Being composed of body and soul, man has therefore, a material and a spiritual nature. 3rd— Each and every individual man, being produced from pre-existing matter by human generation, is therefore subject to the laws of growth and decay. 4th— We believe man has a human soul : "The Lord God formed man of the slime of the earth, and breathed into his face the breath of life, and man became a living soul" (Gen. 11,7). The human soul being a spiritual substance, immaterial, super- EVOLUTION 163 sensible, indivisible, it is therefore indestructible— destined for immortality. "The soul may be defined as the ultimate internal prin- ciple by which we think, feel, and will, and by which our bodies are animated. The term 'mind' usually denotes this principle aa the subject of our conscious states, while 'soul' denotes the source of our vegetative activities, as well." (Catholic Encyclopedia, XIV p. 153) 5 th— We believe the likeness of man to God lies in the conscious principle which animates the body with understanding and free will. 6th— We believe the chief distinction which separates man- kind from the brute creation, is man's immortal soul— the life- principle. The "animal soul" is generated with the body and perishes with the animal body. 7th— We believe it is the conscious principle of man and his power of self-direction which brings him to condemnation or to glory : -.. "Fear y not them that kill the body and ar« not able to kill the soul; but rather fear him that can destroy both body and soul in hell." (Matt. X, 28.) Just as by right reasoning we found that the existence of matter and force, the universe itself, and life upon the earth, was impossible without the existence of an adequate cause— a First Cause— just so, by right-reason, we find Almighty God as the Author of the human soul. Neither destructible matter nor indestructible, indivisible beings, could come into existence with- out the "fiat" of an Independent Being. No, in Campaigning for Christ we have no quarrel with the facts established by science. Our quarrel is with those irrational theories, posing as certainties, which stand as stumbling blocks in the pathway of those who are seeking for the truth. Darwinism cannot stand its ground against the known facts in the case— it has no proof that the natural resources will not be sufficient to sustain a natural birthrate all over the world. Neither can Darwinism stand its ground against Christian faith —that God will ever have a care over all H|s children. 164 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST It was Darwin's sympathetic belief in the false theory of Malthus— that God had not provided sufficient sustenance for all His children in the event of an unrestricted birthrate— that led him gradually to work himself away from the truth, and to develop the false theory which made his name famous, namely, the theory of Natural Selection. Darwin claims, indeed, "never" to have "been an atheist in the sense of denying the existence of God;" but in his auto- biography he tells the tale of a mind confused: "^'The old argument (of design) fails now that the law of natural selection has been discovered " And his departure from religion he unequivocally declares: "I for one must be content to re- main an agnostic." If Darwin himself remained unconscious of his i'iiogicai mental attitude, his followers have not been so dazed. For we may now add a generation or so to the experience of Carlyle : "I have known three generations of Darwins, atheists all." The full title of Darwin's $rst book— "Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life"— is proof sufficient that that which distinguished Darwin from Lamarck and other biologists is his theory of natural selection, and it is this theory that has brought materialistic evolution into worldwide popularity. One step farther back on the Malthusian ground occupied by Darwin, and one may plainly see how the goodness of God has been, and is being, torn from the hearts of men by the accept- ance of Socialism. It was at the grave of Karl Marx that the praise of Darwin was trumpeted by Frederick Engels, the col- laborator of the "Father of Modern Socialism." in truth, all the Socialist doctrinaires in the world are of one mind : "Darwin must be named before aU others" as the one who "dealt the metaphysical concept of Nature the heaviest blow by his proof ttiat all organic beings, plants, animals, and man himself, are the products of a process, of evolution g-oing: on through millions of years." (Socialism Utopian and Scientific, p. 83. Chicago, 1912). EVOLUTION 165 Natural Selection Now we come to the place where the theory of evolution obliterates the dividing line between man and the brute, the line that separates the moral from the non-moral and immoral, the line that separates rational from non-rational beings. God said let man ''have dominion over the fishes of the sea, and the fowls of the air, and the beasts and the w^hole earth, and every creep- ing creature that moveth upon the earth." Man alone is erect, with a vision above the natural horizon. God did not give man dominion over man. But God did give man dominion over animals and over the substances and forces of nature. To man alone God gave consciousness, the principle by which he sepa- rates himself personally from all other individual members of the human race and stands face to face with his own personal moral responsibility. To man alone God gave the positive-art principle by whicb, according to his self-made designs, he appro- priates natural resources— objects, materials and forces— thus supplying himself with the necessities of his human nature, — the means with which to build up civil society and with which to maintain the Church of God. Quite otherwise then, is the human nature which God gave to man from that non-moral, non-rational nature which these Darwinistic evolutionists have been pleased to foist upon a long- suffering public opinion. The doctrine of the survival of the fit- test has no better foundation than the MalthXisian assumption that within the scheme of natural economy the number of hu- man beings naturally born into the world are progressively press- ing upon the possible food supply. And these Darwinistic evolu- tionists have no better conclusion than the degraded notion that in order to avert the ever-threatening disaster to human society, it is necessary artificially to restrict the birth-rate. Believing that starvation is in view unless God's command to these-twain- made-one to increase and multiply is scientifically regulated, 166 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST God's order of things ethical and moral has been, by their theory, set to one side. They have created for man a nature to suit a theory which gives to man and brute the self-same con- stitution. And as only the fit amongst the animals are permit- ted to survive under the brute principle of "dog eat dog," so, they say, only the fit amongst us should be permitted to survive —thus man may weed out the unfit by applying the discoveries of evolution to our social existence. It is just here that evolution- ists find the warrant to sweep away the ethical and the moral nature of man. This leaves the door of license wide open, first for the belief, and then for the practice, of proposals that menace CL.Istian civilization. Since natural selectiGn is the chief support of Darwinism we may state its content as follows : 1st — Many more animals are propagated than arrive at matur- ity, one reason being- the lack of food supply; 2nd — Animals vary one from another and from their parents: 3rd — In their strug:g:le for existence they compete, one ag-ainst the other, and all tog-ether against their environment: 4th — Those animals best adapted to their conditions crowd out the inadaptable: the fittest survive: 5th — Modifications and variations are caused in tlie structure of the species by the intensity of their struggle for existence: 6th — Chang-es in structure are transmitted to the progeny, and lead in time to the formation of new species. This is, in brief, the substance of evolution. An interesting, plausible, well- worded theory, it is not entirely surprising that the radicals of the world have taken it up. In fact, however, the theory is all the proof there is of evolution. It is exceeding- ly funny to listen to the gravely posited experience of animals which are supposed to have led to the formation of the great change in their stnicture that subsequently ruled them out of their ov/n class, and made them, without the design of any external intelligence, another species. The millions, billions and trillions of years necessary for these processes add to the gaiety of those who know their true genealogy and who are not tainted with the belief in an impossible structure without a preceeding EVOLUTION 167 designer. Fancy a story after this fashion: The giraffe was once either a camel or an antelope. It had to live in such places as the African miasma, upon the foliage of the trees. Suppose there were a dozen or so of these precursors of the giraffe, all stretching for food. Happy they were so long as there were plenty of leaves on the lowest branches. But, alack and alas, time came when they who stretched must stretch far, farther, farthest. The Stretcher-farthest won the prize of life, together with a neck much longer than when they were either camels or antelopes, ft doesn't matter which. So, wonderful to relate, when many breeding times had come and gone, their progeny — some millions more or less— could stretch their necks twenty feet high and so they come upon the scene of life as a brand new species— the giraffe. Who shall say this is not science? At any rate, a witty Scotish Judge has made a poem to prove it so: A deer with a neck that was longer by half Than the rest of the family — try not to laugh — By stretchi-ng and stretching-, became a giraffe. Which nobody can deny. That fjjir-footed beast which we call a whale, Held his hind-legs so close that they grew to a tall, Which he uses for threshing the sea, like a flail, Which nobody can deny. It may readily be admitted that the sea would soon be filled to the brim with fishes if every one of the four thousand eggs of every herring, the six million eggs of every cod, the nine million eggs of every turbut, and the twenty-two million eggs of every ling, were all to survive. But they do not, so the sea is still the sea as God made it to be. For want of a better term, we may say that blmd force was put in charge of the eggs of fishes, and so by chance, enough survive for practical purposes. Yet, when it has pleased man to take a hand, he stocks the lakes and thus regulates the fish supply for his table. But the care of babies was not left to blind force, not merely to the deep rooted instincts of the human father and mother but to parents with a rational and moral nature. 168 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST However, the very term selection denotes a positive act. Surely, the plant selects those element which cause it to grow, so too, the animal selects those foods that are suitable to him, but such natural selection has not merely accident behind it, but rather, the positive act of Almighty God. No, we have no quarrel wdth facts, nor with fancies, save as they pose as serious contributions of science. For, we know that figs are not gathered from thistles, that the leopard does not change its spots; that each and every creature carries out the design given to it by its Creator. So when Campaigning for Christ, we grant all that may possibly be granted in the name of science. As for the theory of transformation of species ; it leaves God out at the beginning and it sets up a nature for man to fit the theory— we will have none of it. It is with satisfaction that we note a strong and rising tide against the species-making theory by well accredited men upon the biological field. Some testimony as to their profound dis- satisfaction and repudiation of popular Darwinisip may be useful in meeting those men in the street who with a cock-sure intona- tion inquire, "Don't you believe in evolution ?" as though it were an evidence of utter ignorance to say "No." Prof. Vernon Kellogg, Leland Stanford University: "Speaking- by the large, we only tell the general truth when we d\)clare that no indubitable cases of species-forming, that is, of descent, have boon observed; and that no recognized cases of natural selection, really selecting, La\"e been observed." "Darwinism, as the all-efficient causo-mechanical factor in species-torming and hence as the sufficient explanation of descent is discredited and cast down" ("Darwinism Today," page 874). Prof. DeVreis: "It is only a sieve which decides which is to live, and what Is to dio" ("Species and Variations" 190B). Prof. S. Korschinsky: "The struggle for existence, and the selection which goes hand ftnd hand with it, compose a factor which restricts new-appearing forms and restrains wider variations, and which is in no way favor- EVOLUTION 169 oble to the production of new forms. It Is, Jndfjed. nn Iniinlcfil factor" (Heterfenesis und Evolution," Naturwiss wochenschrift. Vol. IV. p 267. Prof. Yves Delage: "Sclectior. is powerlesa to form spviclcs — Far fiom boln^: an In- strument for the evolution of species, it guarantees their fixity*' (T/ Hcrcdito. 2nd. Ed. 1903). Prof. T. II. Morgan i "Tho theory of natural .selection lias nothing to do with the origin of species, but with the si)r\ival of already formed species" (Popular Science Monthly May, 1905). Prof. Edward J. Menge: "Natural selection can only kill off plants and animals and can never originate anything" (The Beginnings of Science Biologically and Pnychologically Considered, Boston, 1918). Even so, the mechanical theory of man's advent on earth goes doggedly on, working havoc, especially amongst those who long since have lost their anchorage in the rockbed of Christian faith. In this battle of minds now going on, a foremost defender is Prof. Edwin Grant Conklin of Princeton. Not once, during his course of lectures before the Lowell Institute (Boston) but many times, Prof. Conklin affirmed his belief in evolution : "The fact cf evolution stand,'' fai!t; present uncertainties concern only the factors. Unfortunately this distinction between fact and factor has not always been appreciated by persons who are not stu- dents of this subject and consequently tiiey do not sufl'lciontiy ais- tinguish betv.'oen opeculation and evidence,' (Boston Heiald. Mov. 2S, 1922). ^ We shall readily grant the difference between "fact and factor." Now the fact is, that facts are altogether lacking in proof of natural selection. So, consequently, this /ac^or— natural selection— has no standing save as a mere speculation. There- fore, because of the lack of scientific evidence, the theory of the descent of man fails of support in fact and also in science. Yet, the hallucination of evolution is so strong within this mechanistic school of biologists that even though they are at 170 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST logger-heads over the theory of natural selection, the survival of the fittest, the replacing theory, and what not, still they keep their faith in the notion that man is an evoluted ape. Says one to the other— Kellogg, Osborn, Knight, Conklin et alii.— "I^el us join the believers in the 'unknown factors in evolution.' Let us begin our motto with ig-noramus, but never follow it with ignorataimus." Surely, open confession is good so far as it goes. But con- fession of ignorance, combined with a stubborn refusal to face the consequences of the facts in the case, and with the deter- mination to keep on going the wrong way for the right thing, is to render but slight service to the cause of truth. What America has a right to expect from our biologists— in safeguard- ing our national honor— is the withdrawal of their sanction and so the correction of the misinformation contained in the Sun- day Supplement with regard to the theory of evolution. Also, the combating of the gross misrepresentation conveyed by the pictured series of Knight, from ape to man, exhibited in the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. Nothing less should satisfy their world-wide obligation to science and their loyalty to our country. Besides, those biologists who are wedded to the ape ideology, there comes to its defense many spectacular writers. As one of international fame, we may cite H. G. Wells, who with a sweep or two of his pen disposes of God's revelation to man, of Christ and the Church, to which we owe what there is of just government in the world. Over a hundred pages in his "Out- line of History" are taken up with guesses and with assumptions in favor of the mechanistic theory of a self-creating universe and with natural selection as that factor to whkh we are indebted for our existence as the human race. No, Catholics will admit no other proposition than that God created man, the masterpiece of material creation, and endowed him with the gift of everlasting life. EVOLUTION 171 Resemblances In answer to the sophistry that since man and monkey are so alike they must have come from one and the same stock, it is sufficient to reply, that a resemblance merely gives evidence of resemblance, not of identity of objects, nor of identity of stock. A resemblance, then, is nothing more, nothing less, than a resemblance. Apply this test to any resemblances whatsoever, and there is no suggestion of identity of stock. Yet, if resemblances are pushed to the uttermost, it may be seen that in the natural king- doms—mineral, vegetable and animal— there are resemblances. So in the ultimate of things, resemblances lead to the suggestion that creation is an entity one thing made by its Creator. Certain it is that man has something in common with all the beings with which he comes in contact. But these resem- blances are by w^ of analogy rather than of likeness. When, in reply to the Pharisees who had warned our Blessed Lord that "Herod hath a mind to kill Thee," His answer was, : "Go, tell that fox, behold I cast out devils, and do cures today and tomorrow and the third day I am consummated." This, certainly, does not suggest a structural identity be- tween the man and the fox, but rather shows that Herod had the slyness of the fox. These resemblances begin and end in the fact that the fox by natural instinct is sly and that Herod by lacking moral integrity practiced craft ; he pretended to one purpose and worked to promote another. St Gregory the Great has given us a superb vision of the one- ness of creation with its crowning glory, the human race, and the resemblances between man and all creatures below him, as it lay in the mind of the Almighty, when "God saw that it was good." Man was made a conscious being endowed with intelli- gence and free will and God looked down upon him, who alone, could consciously and freety pay Him homage : "This being will 172 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST have something in common with all inferior creatures. He will have being in common with the mineral world, life in common with the plants, sensatioji in comnion with the animals, intelli- gence in common with the angels." In his intelligence, man has no resemblance -nothing in common witli the beasts —but rather with those creatures of God that are not of the earth, earthy. In all this, there is not a crumb of comfort for evolutionists. For the resemblances of man to the beings that are separated from him by his gift of self-con- sciousness, do not sustain the contention of the evolutionist, that similarity of structure proves man to be a brother of the anthro- poid. It is not in his physical structure that the radical separa- tion between man and animals lies, but rather in man's higher endowment. However, the structural differences have been scientifically worked out by anthropologists— among them St. George Mivart, Ranke, Quatrefages, and O. Walkhoff, from whom we quote: "The radical dificrence go^Sy so far that it is possible to determine analytically, from any X-ray photoirraph of a frontal section, and even from any complete piece of bone, whether it be- longred to a man or an ape: in other words, wliether its owner walked uprig-ht or not." This being the scientific conclusion, we may say that al- though in comnion with animals, men breathe, eat, sleep, and propagate their kind, these resemblances do not prove that the human race has spiimg from the monkey. Furthermore, since no animal has been found with evidence of a language— even though it is their common inheritance to make sounds— nor one which shows signs of abstract reasoning, the whole question of structural resemblances may be dismissed as giving not the slightest proof that man and brute have one and tlie same root. Earth's History of Ma?! To have a little knowledge of wliat science has to say of the advent of mankind upon this earth of ours, is useful when Campaigning for Christ. For the man in the street is filled with an inflated notion that it is certainlv known that millions EVOLUTION 173 of years have been taken up in the development of the human race. This notion is further extended to the hazy imagining of a time when man shall be other than he is today, a race of super- men. He reads of the "Old Human Relic-Fossilized Skull oj Man Who Lived Millions of Years Ago" without the slightest idea of questioning the sanity of the declaration. Even though he reads below the headline that the time of civilization to which ^be find is more or less distinctly accredited, is f>laced at two or three thousand years ago, instead of two or three million, the notion of those primitive men who walked on two feet re- mains a constant factor in his mind. A few millions of years, more or less, does not in the least interfere witii the reality of his mental picture. He continues to think as he did before, and strange to say, the less he believes in the existence of God, the more credit he gives to these preposterous notions. Sober science, speaking broadly, tells us of four great periods in the earth's for^nation, in which plant and animal life is found —ranging all the way from unicellular life (protozoa and proto- phyta), to fishes, reptiles, amphibians, mammals, and man. These four periods are designated as the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary periods. We present a diagram of two EPOCHS LIFE AUuvial or Post Glacial Written History Rise of World Civilization AGE OF MAN Plel8toc6Qe Period Claciation Extinction of Great Mammals TERTIARY Pliocene Time wnen Evolutionists Assume Transformation of Man-Ape to Man. AGE OF MAMMALS ' Miocene Mammals Ollrocene Mammals Eocent Arcbalc Mammtlf 174 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST of them, the quaternary and tertiary periods, and their divisions. One of the strongest defenses of Adam as the beginning of the human race against the ape theory is that the fossil remains of man have been found only in the quaternary period, that is, never below it. It will be noted that in the quaternary period is the time in which we live— the Age of Man. It is beyond question that whenever and wherever, the remains of man are found, ther^ he is found to be a fully developed man. ConsequeHtly,if the evolutionary theory is to be sustained by material data, it is below the quaternary period of the earth's formation— in that of the pliocene epoch of the tertiary period —that the half-ape, half-man remains should be found. Yet, no such fossil structure has been found in any part of the terti- ary period. "Thar aint no sich animile." Of course, a theory may be held to, in spite of the lack of facts, but since the high priests of human evolution have in one way or another acknowledged their bankruptcy as to facts for the descent of man, it surely is unscientific to assert as Bolsche does {Evolution of Man, Chicago, 1913, p. 17): "And -yet man lived even in the Tertiary period." "No song, no heroic story, gives any information about him." With pathos, Bolsche continues and with triumph he concludes: "But where the voice of tradition, the chronicres of conscious humanity are silent), there we find witnesses that speak to lis — the stones!" Eoliths These stones are called Eoliths, and they are, by those desiring proof of our monkey origin, presumed to have been manufactured by the "eolithic man" as tools of offense and defence. But alas for those stones, and for those who would have hammered their way up the rude path to humanity if they had had a hammer, or even if they had had existence, those stones, and eolithjc men, have been snatched away from the grasp of* the h^d of the Bolsches'^nd the other theorists who EVOLUTION - !75 make facts out of fancies. Foi Obermaier, Breuil, Bcile, de Lapparent and other scientists have found these stones to be mere chips that were broken off of the rock by the settling of the strata and which were formed into the shape of tools, in which they are found— a mere natural phenomenon and not a surpris- ing work of human hands for human purposes. Experiments have shown that pieces of stone struck violent- ly by the teeth of machinery used in the processes of manufac- turing cement, often come out with the features of these eoliths So that, all things being considered, it is not in line with right reason to believe the songs and stories of those who would make us acquainted with those tertiary heroes who laid down the foundation of our civilization. Biogenetic Law Another theory m.ade popular by Haeckel and exploded by scientific tests, comes up now and again, from our street-corner questioners : "Weil, if you reject evolution, tell us how you account for the fact that the embryo of man passes through a worm stage, a fish stage and so on through a dozen changes into a monkey stage, before it reaches a human stage of develop- ment?" To answ-er this, we first assert that a right system of thought, grounded upon the basis of reason, never denies a moral, an intellectual, or a material fact— there is always room within the truth' for aJll the facts in creation. Then, we emphasize the poi^it that no fact has ever been known to deny the existence of God as the Creator of the human race. So the first thing neces- sary to keep a right mind as to the use of facts, is to have good- will, the next thing is to make sure of the "fact" bein^ a fact. But, with those scientists who are atheists and who have bad will a fact is easily made to sustain a bad argument and a bad argument may be extended into a bad series with a false con- clusion at the end of the chain. For esample— the human being is the product of t^e biogenetic lawj that is to say "the develop- 176 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST men! of the individual is a brief recapitulation of the de\'elop- ment of the race." How should the man in the street know that the sponsors of this "law" would have him believe that at the beginning of the nine-months period there is in fact no human embryo, but a sort of embryonic worm, which becomes a fish, and then other animals, by one change after another, up to the monkey stage; and that only at birth does the human child make its evolution complete. Surely, for a belief in such a monstrosity, one should have atheism to start with, bad will to go on with, and confusion all along. Only sin or madness could devise such a law, and only sin or madness could accept its mandates. But mental preservation was not enough to satisfy the Socialist God — Haeckel. In order to lodge this mental disease in the popular mind, he put out his time-worn tricks of fake diagrams to enforce the false assumptions of the "biogenetic law." But this was too brazen a "proof," and it led to a revolt from the leading scientists of Europe, who exposed this "proof" and practically denied the "law." Prof. Kellogg, no doubt, voices the scientific viewpoint with regard to the "biogenetic law" as a "discredited theory," being "chiefly conspicuous now as a skeleton on which to hang in- numerable exceptions." Continuing, we quote: "The recapitulation theory is mostly wrong; and what is right in it Is mostly covered up by the wrong part, that few biologists longer have any confidence in discovering the right." — (Evolution and Adap- tation, N. Y., 1903, p. 18-21). Even so, the educated enemies of Christ still find the "biogenetic law" a useful club with which to beat true science and the love of God. Blood Relations Another exploded theory that still does service among those who seem more interested in overthrowing the belief in special creation than in advancing the cause of science, is that of the EVOLUTION 177 chemico-physiological identity of the blood of man and ape. It filters down to the unscientific but ambitious populace as the "blood test," which gives proof of the relation of ape and man. By inoculating the blood of one creature into the veins of another, Dr. Friedentbal of Berlin found that the experiment often proved fatal. However, there was glee amongst the Philistines when it was discovered that the blood of the man and the ape mixed so harmoniously that Bolsche triumphantly exclaimed "The boundaries of antagonism have been crossed." While the newsmongers took up the cry— "The monkey and the man are blood relations." Just here, the facts in the case create an insuperable trouble with the theory. By far too many boundaries have been crossed. Too many blood relations prove no blood relations at all between the man and the monkey. Only one kind of monkey test was wanted— the anthropoid. Lo and behold! man's blood will mix harmoniously with eighteen species of apes. Worse and more of it I for the blood of man will also mix harmoniously with the blood of the sheep, the goat and the horse, to boot. So it is that the facts in the case utterly outface the theory. Alfred W. McCann (God or Gorilla?) facetiously remarks, if a blood test why not a milk test ? "The milk of an ass is nearest in resemblance to human milk." Mayhap, it was the asses' milk that "fed up" the evolutionist theorists. Missing Links With the backing of the highest authorities it may be set down that the fossil remains of mammals, such as we know them today, have been found in the tertiary period. Not so with man ; his fossil remains have never been found in the tertiary strata. Furthermore, no fossil remains of any creature that may rightly be called the ancestor of man have ever been found in the tertiary period. So the simple truth is that man and man's 178 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST fossil remains appear only in the quaternary period— that he himself and his fossil remains appear always as a full-fledged man. Evidently in a sportive mood, rather than to show their belief in the monkey origin of the race, there were present at the Fifth International Congress of Zoologists (Berlin 1901) two young chimpanzees, perhaps to welcome their world-kinsfolk. The story is told by Rev. Erich Wassman, S. J., (Modern Bio- logy, pp. 479-480) : "The two little apes grinned at us with cheerful confidence as If they were fully convinced that we believed in the theory of evolu- tion, and would like to invite us to shake han-ds in recognition of the bond existing between us. But I thought to myself : 'No, my dear little creatures, than.k God, we have not yet come to that." Yet, those who have no place for God in their philosophy, are greatly in need of a ,monkey-man who will thrust Adam out of court So the up-to-date man digs furiously for the missing link" to raend a missing chain. Alas and alack, if only he could find a Jink, he might find the chain to which the link belongs. No, positively, it were too out-of-date, too medievalistic, to accept God s word for it, as Catholics do, that man is a special creation. Too bad, that the facts are on the Catholic side of the issue ! A link must be found ! Ah, he, she, or it, has been found! So we shall ask Prof. Conklin to introduce the first and foremost of our fossil remains- ancestors to the man in the street, with the hope that he will have his common sense with him. "About half a million years ago the immediate progenitors of man appeared on earth. The earliest man-like fossil so far discovered is the Ape-man, Pithecanthropus erectiis, of Java " (Princeton Lectures). In view of the fact that something like ten or twelve thou- sand years is given as the longest time that may be assigned to the life of the human race, upon this earth, by those reasoners who rely upon real, scientific data thus far discovered, it really matters little if an extravagant fancy sets it down as a half bil- EVOLUTION 179 lion instead of a half million. One time is as useless in fact as the other, and it matters little how wrong we are, if we are wrong. This standing straight monkey-man— Pithecanthropus— is often called the Trinal Man in honor of Trinal, Java, where his fossil remains were found. It is from jour "finds" that the pre- cious fellow-man, Pithecanthropus, is ideally made up— a small piece of calvarium, a piece of a left thigh bone and two molar teeth. These have been assembled together into a brother-of- us-all by Professor McGregor, who was good, enough to make ^im up for Prof. Osborn's exhibit in the Hall of the Age of Man. In Belgium they have the same "Brother" made up a different way— very pious and heavily bearded. But in America our neo- Pagans don't like thetr "Pithy" that way, for the less hair the less -religion. However, among those best able to decide there is no agree- ment as to whether the four bones found belong to one and the same animal— they- were discovered many feet apart during a year's diggings. Schwalbe, Klattsch, Macnamarra, Kohbrugge and Virchow, say the piece of skull bone is "apelike." Bermuller says that as the thigh-bone resembles the femur of the ape (Hylobates) it cannot rightly be called erectus. These bones, says, Branco, ha^/ing been found in the pleistocene epoch of the quatenary period, are consequently contemporaneous with man. John Lubbock (Lord Avebury) regrets that the bones "are not more cornplete, but they certainly belong either to a very large gibbon or a very small man." When at the International Con- gress of Zoologists,- Leyden, Belgium, Eugene Dubois, the dis- coverer of these bones, brought forth his pithecanthropus erectus, the chairman of that body— Virchow— gave his ^ecided opinion : That as it is a human thigh-bone, a chimpanzee or a gibbon's skull, and as the fragment's were picked up far apart in the course of a year, the : "Trinal man" could not be a compound of a monkey and a man. 180 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST In the street, we stress the fact that this "missing link" was discredited when it was first exhibited. Yet it is still doing its deadly work of disordering minds in some college text books /and in the New York American Museum of Natural History. But most far-reaching in bringing down to degradation the popular belief in the origin of the race, is the propaganda of the Socialist-Communists, whose vulgarity passes all the restraints of public decency : "The theory of evolution leaves no place in the universe for the Supernatural to roost." These radicals appreciate the fact that in their campaign of "smashing ortho^ doxy" there is no better substitute for Adam as the progenitor of the race, than the fake pithecanthropus erectus. We quote from a Study Course in Socialism by J. E. Sinclair, which tells of the end this creature is made to serve: "The bones of this knobby skulled man; Pithecanthropus is what they have christened him. This means monkey-man. He looks like a grlbbon but he looks also strikingly like the Neander Valley folks. He looks much less like us than the ice-age people did. He is down on a lower ro-und of the ladder. Pithecanthropus, my poor fel- low, with your monkey face and your half human skull space, you have served the gibbon and us with a common ancestry. You have also helped smash orthodoxy with your long thigh bone." — (Interna- tional Socialist Review, Chicago, Feb. 1914). Nobody has surpassed Prof. Charles R. Knight in the ver- bal reconstruction of a missing link, but then as Sir. Neanderthal is some half million years closer to us than Sir Pithy, a closer acqujiintance with him should lead to greater intimacy. We quote : "As he stands before us all in his primeval shagginess, grasping his heavy wooded spear in the moonlight he thrills us. This is our ancestor; this is the creature from whom we evolved; this thing is bone of our bone, flesh of our flesh. We are stirred by his passions, urged on by his nameless instincts. Forty thousand years separate us from him. But millions of years separate us from still lower animals. He stands close to us — this ctinning, fighting, ferocious Neanderthal man" — (Popular Science Monthly, June, 1921). There is not merely one of him, but a whole Neanderthal race. The first creature was visualized from a portion of a skele- ton imearthed in a Neanderthal ravine in Dusseldorf, RhenisJ^ EVOLUTION 181 1. 1 lissia. riien a whole group was made from bones found in Belgium, in Croatia and in France, and said to be similar to those found in Prussia. So, the Neanderthal race was created. These half-man, intensely vicious-looking creatures, may be seen in picture reproduction in the New York Museum. The leader, spear in hand, with his fellows at the mouth of a cave, is dis- puting for supremacy against a troop of fierce carnivorous ani- mals coming across the stream.— Given such as these for ances-., tors, what should be expected of human nature? The report of the Smithsonian Institute— 1913— gives the opinion of Prof. Hrdlicka, after his examination of the Neander- thal—that the chin of one skull, the brain capacity of another, and the shortness of the forearm, leads to the conclusion -that these remians are human. Macnamarra's opinion is that 'the Neanderthal skuiis must be classified as within the limits of variation of the species homo sapiens." Speaking of those bones of the Neanderthal that were found in France, Prof. Sir Bertram C. A. Windle concludes, "We know not only from the size of their skulls, but from their belief in a future life for the soul, and the implements they manu- factured, that they were men." — (Facts and Fancies, p. 125). Prof. Arthur Keith, anatomist, says, aftecan extensive in- vestigation : "We are compelled to admit that men of modern type had been in existence long before the Neanderthal type." — (The Antiquity of Man, 1916). The self-same story in substance may be told about the Piltdown man and also of the many fossil collections that are designated as the cro-Magon— the cave man. However, the missing link now falls back upon the single authority of a single tooth. It was discovered in our own coun- try—in Nebraska— by Harold Cook, and who shall say that Prof. J. H. McGregor cannot make of it the best looking mon- key-man ever, a real live American? Mr. Missing Link is now 182 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST a jM^-waw— ''Hesperopithecus Haroldcookii." This newboin and newly named American creation is defended by Prof. Osborn as against all comers— in Biblical language. We quote: "To the violent inmuendoes and smug Biblical authority of Messrs. Bryan and McCann I recently replied, in kind, with a quota- tion from the Bible, 'Speak to earth, and it shall answer thee.' Nature promptly accepted the challenge. Last week, in Mr. Bryan's native State of Nebraska, there was unearthed a single tooth of a high order of primate. After forty years of careful study and comparison, utilizing all the resources of our great museum, I can definitely an- nounce that this tooth belonged to a primate midway between the higher anthropoid apes and man. This evidence conclusively proves that the anthropoidal apes reached the American continent. We have called this anciont sub-man Hesperopithecus Haroldcookii." This definite announcement by Prof. Osborn that the long- lost missing link has been found in the Nebraska tooth, has been hailed with an hilarity quite becoming to its broadcasting by Prof. Francis P. LeBuffe, S. J. We quote: "Think of it! One tooth, forty hours study and lo! a new, unheard-of, unimagined race of sub-i.ji*»n, dubbed quite properly with a sesquipedalian sonorous name, is h^n full-fledged from the fertile brain of the professor, even as Minerva sprang full-panoplied from the head of Jupiter! Dear great-great-grandfather Hesperopithecus Haroldcookii. your extant children greet your long-lost toothsome self!" Of course, we do not pretend to any first-hand knowledge regarding this all-important matter of the all-significant tooth, but we note that it vexed the spirit of the scientists who attended a recent meeting of the Zoological Society of London, and that they reported against the recommendation of Prof. Elliot Smith, that the Fellows declare the tooth as belonging to a creature between man and ape. We note, too, that it was Dr. Smith Woodward of the British Museum who defeated the proposal, and that he did so by suggesting the equal probability that the tooth belonged to a bear. If it be asked why all these alleged missing links are ridi- culously discredited, the scientific reply has been given in one word by the late Prof. Dwight (Harvard) : "There is no even plausible line of ascent to the body of man" — (Thoughts of a Catholic Anatomist," p. 241). EVOLUTION 183 Recently Prof. William Bateson (Toronto), gave it as his opinion that the theory of lost species is not at all convincing: "If we try to trace back the origin of our domesticated animals and plants, we can scarcely ever point to a single wild species as tlie probable progenitor. To invoke the hypothetical excuse of lost species provides a poor escape from the difficulty." — ("Science" Jan. 1922). Since Prof. Virchow swept the entire accumulation of sup- posititious data upon the subject of evolution from off the scien- tific board nothing has been dug up materially or mentally to dispute his pronouncement : "No one has ever found the skull of an ape or man-ape that had a human possessor. WE DARE NOT TEACH, AND WE DARE NOT CLAIM IT AS AN ACHIEVEMENT OF SCIENCE, THAT MAN HAS DESCENDED FROM THE APE OR ANY OTHER ANIMAL." So much for the sober opinion of scientific men as against those propagandists who fight for a lost cause by fanciful devel- opments in the moonlight of their shaggy and fierce half-brothers, and who make perfervid appeals to the credulous that : "Not until the heart is stilled forever will the rhythmic tide of evolution cease to flow." Indeed, there is some little hope that this particular brand of scientific heresy is on the wane. Prof. Conklin seems somewhat to be relenting : "In bodily evolution man has made no very marked progress during the last 20,000 years at least."^— Yale Review, July, 1922). ^ Prof. Lull also has given up the notion that evolution is im- proving the race, but his suggestion for human betterment utter- ly denies that a man is his brother's keeper : "Man's physical evolution has virtually ceased, but in so far as any change is being effected, it is largely retrogressive. Such changes are: Reduction of hair and teeth, and of hand skill; and dulling of the sense of sight, smell and hearing upon which active creatures depend BO largely for safety. That sort of charity which fosters the physically, mentally and morally feeble, is thus contrary to the law of natural selection, must also in the long run have an adverse effect upon the race." — (Organic Evolution, p. 685). Here then is the scheme now brewing in the world, to evade the consequences of race-degeneracy,— more degeneracy I Char- 184 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST ity for the sinner, for the halt, the deaf and the blind, must be suppressed. It shall be done by "selective breeding." This Godless method has been worked out by Prof. Conklin in "Heredity and Environment In the Development of Man." One may see the trail of the serpent over many a piece of legislation, for selective breeding has been gaining entrance to the public mind as the belief in the brute origin of man has been weakening. Since the advocates of a mechanistic theory of life have come to the end of their tether, so far as the teaching of human evolu- tion is involved, it may be presumed that the time is not far dis- tant when many a man now wedded to this theory of evolution shall smile at his sometime credulity. "There was an ape in the days that were earlier; Centuries passed, and his hair became curUer ; Centuries more gave a thumb to his wrist, — Then he was Man, — and an evolutionist." The safety of the race, as of the individual, all comes back to the ground of religion. It is only when the generahty of men are grounded in the belief that they are without fail the chil- dren of a Heavenly Father, that the vile and beastly proposals of the materialistic and pessimistic philosophers will be set down for what they are— irrational and immoral. God-fearing and God-loving men have one answer and one only, to proposals for improving the human race by committing crimes against it, we shall obey God rather than men. When Campaigning for Christ, our concern is that the con- clusions of sound science may be lodged in the public mind, and that the natural line that separates man from the animal may be clearly seen. This strict line is a rational and moral one, and confusion here is a stumbling block before the door of God's Church. The animal needs not to work out his own perfection-nature does that for him. But man, having been given a perfect spiritual design by Almighty God, must consciously work out his spiritual nature, his moral character— to perfection, with his gifts V EVOLUTION ' 185 of reason and free will. So man's nature is that of the animal plus a personal consciousness, which endures forever. Here lies the difference and in it there is all the difference between a place on the earth, earthy, and a state of immortal joy or con- demnation. But religion is the road to heaven, and every single human being, of one color or another, of this race or of that, bond or free, rich or poor, high or low, physically strong or weak, has an equal opportunity of taking up the cross of Christ and of win- ning a perfect love for God. God Himself has promised that no man shall be tempted beyond his power of endurance. From true science we may learn of God's perfect work, that th6 animals were made perfect, and^ihat it is not their part to perfect themselves : "We find not one defective in its members" — (Current Opinion, Feb. 1922). Since animals have no moral nature their possibilities are neither moral nor immoral— they are simply non-moral, neither right nor wrong in the sense of sin or crime. Being non- moral by nature, animals do whatsoev-er they do naturally or instinctively. So different is it with man! Being made in the image of God, man from natural reason is made aware of three basic divisions— God, himself, and all things else. He is free to will, to imagine, to determine, to invent, to construct— to obey or to disobey the law by which he is bound to his Make^. With these basic truths held firmly in mind, the intellectual cannonading of pseudo-scientists, directed by atheist forces, can never break down the conviction of the man in the street, that God is net mocked. For the simple truth is, that the origin of man as set down in the Book of Genesis holds its own against all comers. We were made by a direct act ol God— there is no evidence to the contrary. 186 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST God made the body ct man and endowed it with a two-fold life, physical and spiritual, and there is no data to prove that man was slowly evolved from the monkey. God made for Adam a "helper like himself"— Eve, and the first woman, Eve, is the mother ol the race, as Adam is the father of the race. God made tl^e beasts of the earth— each according to his kind, giving man dominion over them, with right to dispose and to utilize freely. We are descendants of Adam and we inherit the evil effects of his disobedience. We are begotten in the sin of our first par- ents and we suffer and die in consequence of Adam's sin against God. All the bad in the world, man has himself made. God made man just and He breathed into him a soul, glorious and immor- tal. This is the truth which in Campaigning for Christ we make plain— that no link is missing between man and brute; that man is not an evolution from the lower orders of creation ; that human nature is distinct in kind from the nature of the lower animals ; that this is so because God made it to be so. This is the Truth which devotees of evolutionary absurdities attempt to destroy. These are the facts which materialists gratuitously deny. But human nature changes only as we put off the sin of Adam- by buckling on the armor of Light. JEWS CHAPTER Vn In our street audiences Jews are always to be found. They listen skeptically and are evei: ready to ask questions, evidently not so much with the desire for information as for the sake of argument. In answering them our intention is to keep close to Old Testament history in an effort to m&ke it plain (having also David Goldstein In Action On A Sunny Sunday Afternoon On Boston Common. 188 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST in view the other non-Christians in our audience) that by their conversion to Christianity, Jews do not deny their belief in one God, nor in the Ten Commandments. They do not deny the Divine Revelations given to the sons of Abraham in the days of old. Rather in such conversions there is a positive recognition that the prophecies were fulfilled in their due time; that the Messiah came and founded His Kingdom of Heaven here in this world; that the center of the government of Christ's Kingdom is in Rome with the Pope as His vicar on earth. We emphasize the fact that it is a privilege for us to be allowed to echo on the streets of America, the Roman Pontiff's appeal that the Jews of today be brought into the Church of Christ and we point out that the Church takes the self-same attitude towards the Jews as did Jesus towards those of His day : "Jerusalem, Jerusalem, how often would I have gathered together thy children, as the hen doth gather her chickens under her wings, and thou wouldst not !" — (Matt. XXIII-37). The Messiah wanted to save them— the Church wants to save them. Yet, there is a wide difference between the Jews then and the Jews now. The Jews of old had the true religion that was to be fulfilled by the advent of the Messiah. Today they have but fragments of God's Law. Because natural reason compels a belief in one God, it is logically clear that there can be but one true religion— God made— at any one time. It is historically clear that the Jewish religion was a revealed religion, that it was the fore-runner — the prefiguration— of the religion of Christ. In the passage from the Old Law to the New, the priests were commissioned to carry forward to the whole world the justice of the Mosaic Law which was at first placed within the keeping of the Priesthood^f Israel, but at the coming of Christ the law of love, of Christian charity, was added to the law of justice. The supernatural religion of Christ was to be extended and expanded to the ultimate con- fines of the earth. Consequently, the one Church established by God to serve and to save the children of all the world, is the Universal, the Catholic Church. No savage tribe has ever been found destitute of natural religion. This is a good proof that God made man to know Him, to love Jiim and to serve Him. Of these man-made religions that diverge more or less from the true religion of the Cross, we have had no need to make comment. Suffice it to say that heresies are in constant flux and flow; they come and go while the doctrine of Christ ever remains substantially the same in dogmatic understanding and in moral requirements. So direct a setting forth of the claim of the Catholic Church to every man under the sun, gives pause to many a mind in our audience. To those who know the Church only super- ficially, She often seems foreign and un-American. Even some Catholics tihink that it requires ''courage" to claim frankly the one fold for the One Shepherd. From the Jew it takes away something that he still believes to be exclusively his own, and leaves him almost nothing. Even if, as is usually the case with the Jewish questioner, he no longer gives to God public wor- ship, he is stubbornly imbued with the idea that his is a vastly superior race. He is told, with Christian charity, that he is, what he knows himself to be, a wanderer over the face of the earth. In v^^unishment for Israel's transgressions the Holy City was de- stroyed, and no place of worship? was left to the Jews. Just as Adam had freely denied the gift of perfect life, so did a vast body of the sons of Abraham deny God's perfect gift, by their refusal to carry the Cross of Salvation to the whole human race. Obviously, those Jews of old who accepted Christ anci Him crucified, were the true sons of the Old Law. Yet, withal, the true Christian has an especial place in his heart for the Jews of the present day. As hi6 fate is world-wide in its tragedy, so is the Church world-wide in her sympathy, and surely it is in the finding and in the bringing baek of the lost sheep that most pleasure is given to our Heavenly Father. 190 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST The number of Jews in the world is estimated to be 15,518,789, divided as follows: Estimated Jewish Population of the World by Continents (Jewish Year Book, 1923-4) per cent. Europe 10,536,755 67.8 North and South America 3,850,122 24.8 Asia. 599,581 3.8 Africa 508,295 3.4 Australasia 23,045 2 Total 15.618,789 100.00 Jewish Population of America (Jewish Year Book) I "nited states 3,600,000 Argentine lU0,UUi» Alaska 500 Brazil 3,000 Porto Rico 200 Chile 8,300 Canada 126,196 Curacoa 565 Jamaica 1,250 Surinam 778 Mexico 8,972 Uruguay 150 Cuba 4,000 Venezuela 411 Total N.A. & W. Ind. 3,741,918 South & Cent. America 108,204 From the report of the United States Bureau of the Census, Religious Bodies, 1916, it may be seen that_only a small percen- tage of Jews worship in public. There are but 886 specific Jew- ish church edifices and there are 833 halls used as places of wor- ship. The 1901 Jewish organizations reported (1916) a total of 357,135 members— "seat holders, contributors and others" being designated as members. The Union of American Hebrew Congregations, regretting that the synagogue has lost its hold upon Jews, says: "There are said to be 1,000 synagogues in the United States. The average seating capa- city is below 200. There cannot, therefore, be more than 200,000 synagogued Jews. What becomes of the rest, 2,800,000?" — (The American Israelite, Cinn., O., Feb, 15, 1923). The "Yom Kippur Jew," as he is popularly known, goes to worship on one day in the year— the Day of Atonement. On JEWS 191 that day the estimate, said to be rather exaggerated, is that one half of the Jews in New York City attend divine worship. There is a rather general agreement among the Jews of today in their concept of God— they believe in the unity of God, in the inspiration of the Old Testament, especially the five books of Moses, and in general worship in the synagogue. They lay claims to no binding creed. We quote the Government Census Report (Religious Bodies, Washington 1916) : "There is no specific creed to be subscribed, divergence from which involves separation from a particular synagogue or organiza- tion, local or general. The religious life of the Jews centers about certain ceremonials and liturgies, rather than an expression of faith or belief. The 'law* is a law of observances rather than a creed." Consequently amongst the Jews of today, there are "all shades" of religious belief, ranging from ''rigid orthodoxy through moderate orthodox3% conservative and moderate reform on to radicalism." Broadly classified there are the orthodox and the reform Jews ;— the "Fromm" (pious) Jews and the "enlightened" Jews, the distinction being in the rigidity with which individually they hold to the observance of ceremonial prescriptions. The reform Jews established their first synagogue in Ham- burg in 1818. They are found mainly in the Western World. Those men of Jewish birth who have been educated in the schools, colleges, and universities of the English-speaking coun- tries,— who have not abandoned their belief in God— are invari-. ably sympathetic, if not affiliated, with the reform element. The Jews have no central authoritative organization— no Sanhedrin as in pre-Christian days— to decide the meaning of the Law. Each synagogue is independent of every other— a law unto itself. No two organizations are said to be in precise agree- ment as to the interpretation of the Law of Moses and the sacred traditions. Yet there is a clear line of cleavage between the orthodox and the reform Jews. The Orthodox— not the re- form Jews— essay to make binding every command of the writ- ten law of the Pentateuch. They want a return to Jerusalem— 192 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST the rebuilding of the temple and the reinstitution of the sacri- fices under the ministration of the descendants of Aaron. There in the Holy City they want to await the coming of the Messianic Age, the coming of a personal Messiah. The reform Jew holds to thejDelief in the Messianic Age while he rejects the belief in a personal Messiah. This distinc- tion is well understood among those Jews who interest them- selves in Uie subject. However, we present some little evidence to fortify those who mayhap shall come in contact with those Jews who have not acquainted themselves with this point of vital distinction with regard to the belief of their compatriots. We quote a notable "Amoriam"— Rabbi Jochanan : "It is only with the coming of the Messiah and the establish- % ment of the Messianic Kingdom that the purpose of creation will be accomplished." — (Rome and Jerusalem, p. 51). Indeed, the very heart of the prayers of the orthodox Jews, all over the world, is for the coming of the Anointed One, the Messiah. Twice every year on Rosh Hashana (New Year's) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) this urgent appeal is sent forth to the throne of Almighty God : "Give Thy glory, O Lprd, unto Thy people, ... a flourish- ing horn to David Thy servant, and a clear, shining light unto the son of Jesse, Thine anointed (Messiah) sjpeedilym our days." Since the reform Jews have in belief departed from the cen- tral hope of Judaism, they have abolished all prayers for the coming of 'a personal Messiah. We have before us "IsraePs Religion; A Catechism for Sabbath Schools" (Rabbi J. S. Gold- ammer, Ph.D.,^N. Y., 1901) which gives evidence of the depar- ture of the modernized Jew from the belief in a personal Messiah. Only one question in* this Catechism deals with this doctrine. It is the last one in the book : ^ Q: What do we understand by the Messiah? We hope constantly that there will come a time when all men on earth will worship the one God; when all men will be united into one brotherhood ; and peace and happinesa^win prevail over the whole escrth. Such a time* we call the time of th« Messiah. To bring about such a time is the principal mission of Ii^rael's religion. JEWS 193 Modernized Judaism There are various and conflicting opinions as to the Mes- sianic Age. Not a few of these reformers believe that the Mes- sianic Age is that in which we now live. In "Rome and Jerusalem ; A Study of the Jewish Nation." by Moses Hess (p. 138, N. Y. 1918) the author holds the opinion that "The Messianic era is the present age, which began to germinate with the teachings of Spinoza, and finally came into historical existence with the French Revolution. With the French Revolution, there be- gan the regeneration of those nations which had acquired their na- tional historical religion only through the influence of Judaism." The modernistic influences that are at work against the reli- gious belief of the Jew, is causing some of their most discerning leaders to question whether the Jew can resist the forces of assimilation from within, and from without, that threaten his stability, even though he has held his identity against 2,000 years of dispersion and persecution. A reformer himself. Rabbi Stephen Wise, has written a series of articles telling of the in- roads that Christian Science is making upon the belief of the Jew. He deplores the circumstance that 70,000 Jews in New York City alone, are reported to have been induced to depart from the faith of their fathers, thus giving credit to the claims of this new religion. To counteract this influence, a new cult has been announced, under the leadership of Rabbi Morris Lichenstein of New York: "Jewish Science" that teaches no hell, no heaven, no fear of God, a disbelief in doctors of all schools, and heating by prayer. After all, this Christian Science incident is rather slight in its effect when compared with other influences that are playing upon the Jew in his American environment. The most direct influence in causing the Jew to abandon his faith is found in his school life. The Cheder (Jewish school) is a vanishing quantity. Hence the result of modern education upon the American Jew's faith is to separate him from "the cul- 194 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST ture of the East Eurc^ean, the kernel of which is religious— be- lief in God." In The Jews of Today, Dr. Arthur Ruppin (N. Y., 1913) ascribes to modem secular education the chief place in causing "the ferment in the spiritual life of the Jews." It "de Judaizes them" since "at bottom" it is anti-religious. This author in reviewing "the processes of disruption in the present day", and in showing that "the structure of Judaism, once so solid is crumbling away before our very eyes" presents the following chart. Dr. Ruppin divides the twelve million of Jewry— the assumed number of Jews in the world(1913)— in a way that gives at a glance the effect which he alleges modernism has upon his people. THE FOUR SECTIONS OF JEWRY. s til || 11 ■S3 ttO 1 ce 3 Birth-rate per 1,000 souls tOT3 i« CO QJ «imple the material structure, for housing the Body of the Lord. The Church is a living body of believers united in Christ, ordained and authorized by Christ. So that, however many buildings may be scattered over the face of the earth, there is but one Church, the Church of Christ. Wherever the Church is, there is the self-same living body. There are no Catholic Churches— there is the Catholic Church. It is univer- sal ; it is in Maine, in California, in Africa, in Australia— all over the earth, one and one only Church. There is nothing in the Bible, not a word in the writings of the early Fathers, neither is there anything in tradition, that can be fairly made to favor a divisibility against the unity of Christian belief and practice. Christ did not establish a plural Church— sects teaching doctrine more or less in union with Him. Christ established one Church (Matt. XVI), taught one Faith, instituted one Baptism, (Eph. IV-5) and ordained one Teaching Body, for all nations. Quite contrary to those who defend the concept of an "in- visible" church, together with a personal and private right of in- terpreting the scripture. Old and New, is the absolute oneness and authority of the Catholic Church. 228 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST Cardinal Hergenrother, church historian and canonist, has set down the six conditions necessary to denominate Christ's Church. The Church as defined bjThim is— "The communion of those T^o are united under one. Head, Christ, and His visible vicegerent for the confession of one iaith and the participation in the' same means of grace." The six conditions inherent within the definition are : 1 — It must, be a communicm — »a. eociety. „,,^ 2— ^It must have visible exist«aoe. 3 — Christ must be its Head. 4-^It must hav^ a vicegerent — cma deleg-ated to carry out Christ's -^ Will on earth. 6— The members must be on« in fatith. 6 — They miist partake of the same sacraments. These several conditions tak^en together, mark off the Church Militant, to which atl the faithful on earth belong, and they are only to be found in the Catholic Church. Within this spiritual body is the Church Militant— the Church Suffering (the souls in Purgatory), the Churdh Triumphant*^( saints in Heaven). The Church iti its three simultaneous states of existence, forms the Communion of Saints. All partake of the spiritual goods of the Church .under the divine headship of Jesus Christ. This, after all, is so simple and yet so necessary for the satisfaction of a virile mind, that converts from Protestantism often wonder that they long failed to see that Christ set up a visible Church to which, if in the fullness of Christ, we would be Christians, we must belong. Indeed, so coherent is the entire system of Catholic doctrine, that it must command at least the intellectual admiration of those who compass the^ecessary parts of its unity. Once it is granted that. Christ is God— that God is Eternal Truth— then all genuine lovers of our Divine Lord (having the basis of agree- merit) may, with good will, by following premise to conclusion, abide in Truth. How plain it is that Christ, since our belief shoiild be. carried out into our jiaily acjts, is ness. We shall iM-roduce two of these publications, both having a nation-wide circulation, whidi gives unhappy proof of the large numbers of vulgar minds sufficient to sup- port this low-toned and ua-American press. In the lead is **The New Age", the official publication of the Supreme Council, 33% Scottish Rite Masons. It devotes so many pages every month m "telling what a hell ©f an outrage the Roman Catholic religion is" that the "Square and Compass" (Denver, Colo.;, also a Masonic organ, editorially inquires if: "The r-it« ^is slowly and insidiously educating- the Craft to believe that the end and ajim of Masonry is to flght the Catholic Church." There would seem but little doubt of it since Masonic readers partake' "slowly and insidiously" of "guff" such as this : Following its caption of "Well, Well, Well." "The New Age" reprints fr.om a Ca^olic paper this question and answer : ^T-^Was the Pope eve'r piit to death ? A— Sl. Peter and tbirty^ of his successors were put to death. f'er 250 years adt a sin^e head of the Church died a aeitiicA death." 254 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST The Masonic magazine continues (Washington, D. C. May 1922). "Marry come ups Go to, and What HO! St. Peter never was pope, and there is nothing to show that he ever was in Rome. There never was such a thing as a pope until the time of Constantine, some 300 years after Christ; and since his time the Bishops of Rome have arrogated to themselves that title. Who wrote the answer to that question, any way?" The last sentence of this paragraph gives it a clever turn- when the object is to muddy the waters of historic truth. For the answer might well be— any well-informed writer on things Catholic. "^ "The New Menace" is the anti-Catholic publication we shall call into the court of common sense to show that it is wholly devoted to the task of making the man in the street believe that the Catholic Church is a hell of an outrage upon human society. From hundreds of like articles, we take these lines from a two-column statement dealing with the Roman Pontiff under the caption— "Peter Never A Pope". "It is absolutely certain that he (Peter) was never in Rome" (New Menace, July 29, 1922). Thus it is that this sheet, with brazen confidence born of utter defiance of truth, speaks with anti-Catholic authority. Taken all together, the press hostile to the Church per- mits hardly a week to pass without an attempt to place a lever under The Rock in the desire to dislodge the centre of the moral world. From a mass of evidence— easily available to the student— we present a few pieces of testimony to show that Peter was in Rome. First— there are two pieces of Scriptural evidence, one from St. Peter himself, and one from St. Paul, which assume the residence of Peter there as taken for granted. In his First Epistle, which is written with a dignity and authority certainly becoming to the head of the Church, just at its close, St. Peter, makes this figurative reference to Rome: PETER, THE HEAD OF CHRIST'S CHURCH 255 "The Church that is in Babylon, elected together with you, saluteth you." (ch. V-13). Plainly, Peter is writing from Rome, then the very brilliant centre of Paganism. Its heathen wickedness was so like what Babylon had been five hundred years before in contrast to the holy city of Jerusalem, that the one word "Babylon" in place of Rome, informed the "strangers" in Pontus, Galatia and the others to whom Peter wrote, precisely what sort of a city Rome was at that time. Peter, the head of this living organism, the Church^jwas mak- ing progress within an environment that was Babylonish. Only those who have an axe to grind, pretend to the contrary, since scholars are in agreement on the point. Meeting the crass denial that Peter was Bishop of Rome, from another angle. An Epistle of St. Paul was addressed to the Romans (ch. I) which gives ample testimony of the existence of the Church there. St. Paul wrote about twenty-five years after the ascension of our Lord. Did anybody ever read of one other than Peter as the first Bishop of -Rome ? Historically, thete is testimony to the effect that succes- sive Bishops of Rome have declared themselves as successors of St. Peter. St. Clement, disciple of St. Peter; St. Anacletus, St. Marcellus I, St. Damascus I, St. Innocent I, St. Leo I, St. Gelasius I, John III, St. Gregory I, and others being Bishops, testify to having succeeded St. Peter. We quote from Protestant authorities to the same effect. William Cave D. D. : "That Peter was in Rome and held the See there for some time, we affirm with the whole multitude of the ancients". "The Dictionary of the Bible" (Sir William Smith, D.C.L., LL.D. London 1893) not only affirms that Peter was in Rome, but it gives references to early Christian writers of unques- tionable authority. We quote: "The evidence (of St. Peter's martyrdom in Rome) is complete, while there is a total absence of any contrary statement In the writ- ings of the early Fathers. We have in the first place, the certainty 256 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST •f hte maKyrdom, in our Lord^s own prediction (John XXI, 18, 19). Clement of Rome, writing before the end of the first century, speaks of it. .Ignatius, in the undoubtedly gpenuine Epistle to the Romans'' (oil. ly) speaks of St. Peter in terms whibh imply a sp^s/cial connection w;ith their Church. 0\her, early notices of xless weight coincide wlth^is, as that of JPapias (Euseb. 11-15), and the apocryphal Pra;edlcatio Petri, quoted by Cyprian. In the second c'euttrry, Dionysus of Corinthr in the Epistle of Soter, Bi&hop ot Rome (Ep. I^useb. H..E. 11-25) states as a fact universally krfown and accounting" for the intimate relatipns between Corin;th and Rome, that P6ter and Paul both ^ught in, Italy, suffered maTtyrdom about the same time. Lraeneus, who was connected with St. John, being a disciple o.f Roly- carp, a hearer of the apostle, and thoroughly conversant with Roman matters, bears distinct witness to St. Peter's presence at Rome (Adv. Haer, 111-1,3). It is incredible that he^should haye been* misinformed. In the aext century, there is the testinaony of Caius, the libpijal 'i^nd learned pre^sbyter (wlio speaks of St. Petej*'s toinb in the Va'fecan). that of Origen, TertuUian, and the ante and post Nleene Fkt^ers, without a single exception. In short, the Churches most nearly cbn- nefCted with Rome, and those least afCeGte4 by its influence,^ — -; coHcur In the statement that Peter was a joint founder of that Church and suffered death in that city (p 805, v 2). The Encyclopedia Britannica (Uth, 3d, vol. 21, p. 228) says: "The evidence is probably sufficient to establish the fact that Peter, like Paul, had a wide missionary career, ending in a violent death in Rome." Harnack— who is Protestant indeed, will not subscribe to the ""Protestant prejudice" which led to the denial of St. Peter's martyrdom in Rome. His contention is that sincere investi- gators must drop the attack. While Grisar (History of Rome and the Popes during the Middle Ages, vol. I^ p 298), quotes Harnack to sustain the view that all critical opinion denying martyrdom to St, Peter is worthless , having nothing better than prejudice as its foundation. Again, referring to St. Peter's figurative use of the word Babylon, the Protestant Bishop Charles John Ellicott in his Commentary throws in his lot with historica) evidence. We quote: "It ra^y be called the established interpretation that the place here meant is -Rome. We never hear of Peter' being la^the^East^ and the thing itself Is improbable, whereas HotbiBe b»t PTOtestant prej- PETER, THE HEAD OF CHRIST'S CHURCH 257 adice can stand against the historical evidence that St. Peter sojourned and died in Rome Whatever theologrical evidences follow from it» it is ait certain that St. Peter was at Rome as that St. John was at Ephesus." This will suffice to show that educated and wellmeaning Protestants no longer defend the notion that Peter was never in Rome. However, is -it not for those who correct these errors to rally against the use made of them by anti-Catholic propagandists? Especially since far-flung attempts of "The New Age" and "The New Menace" in breeding contempt for the Catholic Church are at the same time uprooting our dearest , American inheritance— the inalienable right to worship God according to our conscience? At any rate, by thoughtful men no response should be given in support of their wicked glee : "Well, Well, Well,"— "Marry, come up— Go to ,and What Ho 1" But after all, good comes out of evill Campaigners for Christ have an up-to-date reason for showing that many a time and oft some piratical crew has attempted to scuttle the Bark of Peter, with ever the same failure, for the good ship still rides out the gale as safe, sound and secure as when Christ made Peter her Captain. Sovereign Pontiffs One, only, of all the Bishops in the world today claims the title to the Primacy of Peter, and everybody knows this Bishop as the Pope of Rome, Pius XI. Moreover, whatever occasional dispute there may have been in the past as to what Bishop, this or another, was the Pope, the common sense of the matter lies in a nutshell— there was one only Pope, not two or more. If everybody did not know at a specific time who was the Pope, there were those who did. Besides, the Holy Ghost ever resides within the Church. While the issue of determining the succession of the Popes is indeed greatly extendted in time, the process is precisely the 2Sh CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST same as that of settling the issue as to whether our Chief Magi- strate President Coolidge, is the legitimate occupant of the official chair at Washington. It is a matter of historic research (dead men's testimony is brought into court, nobody in America having j&rst-hand knowledge of the fact) that right up from the days of Washington's election to the Presidency of of our country (1789) one President after another came and went, finally to make place for President Coolidge. So, likewise, one may trace the claim of Pius XI back to the first Pius, Bishop of Rome, who was elected in the year 142, A. D., and from Pius the First, back through the nine successors of St. Peter, all of whom met martyrdom in Rome for Christ. Popes— Pius Pius XI elected 1922 A.D. Pius X » 1903 A.D. Pius IX )> 1846 A.D. Pius VIII » 1829 A.D. Pius VII >? 1800 A. D. Pius VI » 1775 A.D. Pius V » 1565 A.D. Pius IV » 1559 A.D. Pius III » 1503 A.D. Pius II M 1458 A. D. Pius I )) 140 A. D. List of Popes (World's Almanac — 1924) 1— St. Peter, of Bethsaida in Galilee, Prince of the Apostles, who received in the year 33 A.D. from Jesus Christ, the Supreme Pontifical Power to be transmitted to his successors ; resided first at Antioch, then at Rome, where he was martyred. PETER, THE HEAD OF CHRIST'S CHURCH 2S9 No. Date elected or consecrated Naj7te 2 67 St. Linus 3 79 St. Cletus A 91 St. Clemecs I 5 100 St. Evaristus 6 109 St. Alexander 7 119 St. Sixtus 8 128 St. Telesphorus 9 138 St. Hyginiis 10 140 St. Pius 11 157 St. Anicetus 12 168 St. Soter 13 177 St. Eleutherus 14 190 St. Victor I 15 202 St. Zephyrinus 16 218 St. Calixtus I 17 222 St. Urbanus I 18 235 St. Pontianus 19 235 St. Anterus 20 236 St. Fabianus 21 251 St. Cornelius 22 253 ' St. Lucius 2S 254 St. Stephanus 24- 257 St. Sixtus n 25 259 St. Dionysius 26 269 St. Felix I 27 275 St. Eutychianus 28 283 St. Caius 29 296 St. Marcellinus 30 307 Stj Marcellus 31 309 St. Eusebius 32 310 St. Melchiades 33 314 St. Sylvester 34 33« St. Marcus 360 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST No. DaU elected or consecrated Nam€ 31 337 St. Juliu» 1 36 352 St DberiiH; 37 366 St. Damascui 38 384 St. Siriciu* 39 . 398 St Anastadur I 40 402 St InDocexitiuft I 41 417 St Zcdmu* 42 418 St Bonifadui I 43 422 St CodestiDift 44 432 St. Slxtu* in 45 440 St. Leo I 46 461 St. Hllaru^ 47 468 Si. SktipBduft 48 483 St. Felb III 49 492 St. Gelasius 50 496 St. Anastasiua II 51 498 St. Symmachus 52 514 St. Hormisdas 53 523 St. Joannes I 54 526 St. Felix IV 55 530 — Bonifacius II 56 532 Joannes II 57 535 St. Agapetus I 58 536 St. SilveriuB 59 537 Vigilus 60 555 Pelagius 61 560 Joannes III 62 574 Benedictus 63 578 Pelagius 11 64 590 Gregorius I 65 604 Sabinianus 66 607 Bonila<^us III 67 608 St. Bonifacius IV PETER, THE HEAD OF CHRIST'S CHURCH 261 No. Date elected or consecrated Name 615 St. Deusdedit 519 Bonifacius V 625 Honorius 640 Severinus 640 Joannes IV 642 Theodorus I 649 St. Martinus 654 St. Eugenius I 657 St. Vitalianus 672 Adeodatus 676 Bonus 678 St. Agatho 80 682 81 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 Anti-Pope 95 96 97 98 99 St. Leo II 684 St. Benedictus II 685 Joannes V 686 Canon 687 St. Sergius I 701 Joannes VI 705 Joannes VII 708 Sisinnius 708 Constantinus I 715 St. Gregorius II 731 St. Gregorius HI 741 St. Zacharias 752 Stephanus II 752 Stephanus III 757 St. Paulus I •767 ♦Constantinus 768 Stephanus IV 772 Hadrianus I 795 St. Leo III 816 Stephanus V 817 Paschalis I 162 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST No. Dale elected or consecrated Name 100 824 Eugenius II 101 827 Valentinus 102 827 Gregorius IV 103 844 Serghis II 104 847 St. Leo IV 105 855 Benedictus III 106 858 St. Nicolaus I 107 - 867 Hadrianus I 108 872-- Joannes VIII 109 882 Marinus I 110 884 Hadrianus III 111 885 Stephanus VI 112 891 Formosus 113 896 Bonifacius VI 114 896 Stephanus VII 115 897 Romanus 116 897 Theodorus II 117 898 Joannes IX 118 900 Benedictus IV 119 903 Leo V 120 903 Christophorus 121 904 Sergius III 122 911 St. Anastasius III 123 913 Lando 124 914 Joannes X 125 928 Leo VI 126 929 Stephanus VIII 127 931 Joannes XI 128 936 Leo VII 129 939 Stephanus IX 130 942 Marinus II 131 946 Agapetus II 132 9SS Joannes XII PETER, THE HEAD OF CHRIST'S CHURCH 263 No. Date elected or consecrated Name Anti-pope 963 *Leo VIII 133 964 Benedictus V 134 965 Joannes XIII 135 973 Benedictus VI 136 974 Benedictus VII 137 983 Joannes XIV 138 984 Bonifacius VII 139 985 Joannes XV 140 996 Gregorius V 141 999 Sylvester II 142 1003 JoannesXVII 143 1003 Joannes XVIII 144 1009 Sergius IV 145 1012 Benedictus VIII 146 1024 Joannes XIX 147 1033 Benedictus IX 148 . 1045 Gregorius VI 149 1046 Clemens II 150 1048 Damasus II 151 1049 St. Leo IX 152 1055 Victor II 153 1057 Stephanus X Anti-Pope 1058 *Benedictus X 154 1059 Nicolaus II 155 1061 Alexander II 156 1073 St. Gregorius VIII 157 1086 Victor III 158 1088 Urbanus II 159 1099 Paschalis II 160 1118 Gelasius II 161 1119 Calixtus II 162 1124 Honorius II 163 1130 Innocentius II 264 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST No, Date elected or consecrated Name 164 1143 Cclestinus 11 165 1144 Lucius 11 166 1145 Eugenius III 167 1153 Auastasius 168 1154 Hadrianus IV 169 1159 Alexander III 170 1181 Lucius III 171 1185 Urbanus III 172 1187 Gregorius VIII 173 1187 Clemens III 174 1191 Celestinus III 175 1198 Innocentius III 176 1216 Honorius III 177 1227 Gregorius IX 178 1241 Celestinus IV 179 1243 Innocentius IV 180 1254 Alexander IV 181 1261 Urbanus IV 182 1265 Clemens IV 183 1271 Gregorius X 184 1276 Innocentius V 185 1276 Hadrianus V 186 1276 Joannes XXI 187 1277 Nicolaus III 188 1281 Martinus IV 189 1285 Honorius IV 190 1288 Nicolaus IV 191 1294 St. Celestinus V 192 1294 Bonifacius VIII 193 1303 Benedictus XI 194 1305 Clemens V 195 1316 Joannes XXII 196 1334 Benedictus XII PKTER, THE HEAD OK CHRIST'S CHURCH 265 No, Dai4 fleeted or consecrated Name I9T 1342 Clemens Vi 198 USZ Innocentius VI 199 1362 Urbanus V 2CH) 1370 Oregon us XI 201 1378 UrUnas VI An ti -pope 1378 ♦Dement VII 202 1384 Bcnedictus XIII 203 1389 Bonifacius JX 204 1404 Innocentius VII 205 1406 Gregorius XII 206 1409 Alexander V 207 1410 Joannes XXIII 208 1417 Martinus V 209 1431 Eugenius IV 210 1447 Nicolaus V 211 1455 Caiixtus III 212 1458 Pius II 213 1464 Paulus II 214 1471 Sixtus IV 215 1484 Innocentius VIII 216 1492 Alexander VI 217 1503 Pius III 218 1503 JuHus II 219 1513 Leo .\ 220 1522 Hadrianus VI 211 1523 Clemens VII 222 1534 Paulus III 223 ISSO Julius III 724 1551 Marcellus II 225 1555 Paulus IV 226 1559 Piiis IV 227 1565 St. Pius V 228 1572 Gregorius XIII 266 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST No. Date elected or consecrated Name 229 1585 Sixtus V 230 1590 Urbanus VII 231 1590 Gregorius XIV 232 1591 Innocentius IX 233 1592 Clemens VIII 234 1605 Leo XI 235 1605 Paulus V 236 1621 Gregorius XV 237 1623 rUrbanus VIII 238 1644 Innocentius X 239 1655 Alexander VII 240 1667 Clemens IX 241 1670 Clemens X 242 1676 Innocentius XI 243 1689 • Alexander VIII 244 1691 Innocentius XII 245 17C0 Clemens XI - 246 1721 Innocentius XIII 247 1724 Benedictus XIII 248 1730 Clemens XII 249 1740 Benedictus XIV 250 1758 Clemens XIII 251 1769 Clemens XIV 252 1775 Pius VI 253 1800 Pius VII 254 1823 Leo XII 255 1829 Pius VIII 256 1831 Gregorius XVI 257 1846 Pius IX 258 1877 Leo XIII 259 1903 Pius X 260 1914 Benedictus XV 261 1922 Pius XI (* Anti-popei^, pretenders to the Papal Chair) PETER, THE HEAD OF CHRIST'S CHURCH 267 From that first Pentecostal Day in the year 33 A. D. to this, our day and generation, 1924 A. D., 261 Popes have occu- pied the Chair of Peter. Of these Bishops of Rome, 33 met martrydom, and 82 of them have been canonized saints. To the objection that Apostolic succession has been broken, because men not duly elected have sat in the Chair of Peter, it is sufficient to say— if so, these men were not Popes. This is only another way of saying that the next Pope to be duly elected is the successor of the last Pope duly elected. So that a man falsely claiming to be Pope, during the time intervening, has no effect whatsoever upon strict Apostolic succession to the Chair of Peter. If in the case of temporal kings, where government is safeguarded by social justice, we rightly say the king is dead, long live the king, bow simple it is to see the fact of Apostolic succession because of the supernatural safeguard placed over the Bride of Christ. Ea'dy Historic Evidence of Succession So early as about 150 A. D. the Roman presbyter, Caius, gives his word for it that the records of those who laid the foun- dation of the Roman Church are extant: "If you will go to the Vatican, and to the Via Ostensis, you wiU find the monuments of those who have founded the Church" (Caius). Hegesippus, who says that the same doctrines were taught in the ''other provinces" as in Rome (about 180) also says: "VS^Jien I had come to Rome I made a list (of Bishops) up to Anicetus, followed by Soter, the latter being succeeded by Eleutherius" (fragment from Eusebius). Surely "a list" means one following in succession from the first. Writing against heresies in 202 A. D., St. Irenaeus in Book 3, chapter 3, No. 2-3, gives testimony of Apostolic succession and of unity of doctrine as well : "Pointing out that tradition which the greatest and most an- cient and universally known Church — founded and constituted at Rome by the two most glorious Apostles, Peter and Paul,-r-derives ?rom the Apostles, and that faith announced to all men, which through 268 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST the succession of her bishops has come down to us, we confound all those, who in any way. whether through pleasing themselves or vain glory, or blindness, and perverse opinion, assemble otherwise than aa behooves them. With this Church, because of its higher rank, every church must agree, that Is, the faithful of all places in which the apostolic tradition has been always preserved by the faithful of all places. The blessed Apostles, therefore, having founded and built up that Church, committed the office of the episcopacy to Linus. Of this Linus, Paul makes mention in his Epistle to Timothy. But he was succeeded by Anacletus, and after him, in the third place from the Apostles, Clement obtains that episcopate — who had even seen the blesesd Apostles themselves, and conferred with them, and who had ever before his eyes the familiar preaching, and the tradition of the Apostles; and not he alone, for there were at that time many alive who had been instructed by the Apostles But this Cle- ment w^as succeeded by Evaristus, and Evaristus by Alexander. Next to him, thus the sixth from the Apostles, Sixtus was appointed, and after him, Telesphorus, who also suffered a glorious maKyrdom; next Hyginus; then Pius, after whom was Anicetus. And since Anicetus was succeeded by Soter, Eleutherius as the twelfth after the Apostles now holds the Episcopate. , In this order and by this succession, the traditions which is in the Church from the Apostles, and their preach- ing of the Truth, have come down to us," St. Basil (about 330-379 A. D.) (Epistolae) "Those who had separated themselves from the Church no longer had within them- •elves the grace of the Holy Ghost; for when the line of succession was broken, communication likewise ceased." St. Opatus Milevitanus (about 370), (De Schismate Donatis- tarum.) "You cannot disguise your knowledge of the fact that in Rome the episcopal see was established first of all for Peter — for Peter, the chief of all the apostles, held this see. For this reason he was also called Cephas, because in this one see all others were to preserve their unity Show us the origin of your episcopal authority, you, who wish to claim holy Church for yourselves." St. Augustine (354-430). (Contra epistolam Manichaei.) "Many other reasons there are which very rightly k§ep me within the bosom of the Catholic Church. It is the consent of peoples and na- tions that keeps me; it is the weight of authority, founded on miracles, nourished by hope, increased by love, firmly established by its anti- quity, that keeps me; it is the succession of priests beginning with the ■ee of the Apostle Peter, himself, to whom the Lord, after His resur- rection, entrusted His flock to be fed, down to our own times, that keeps me; it is finally the very name Catholic itself that keeps me; for not without reason has our Church alone amid so many heresies obtained this title, so that whilst all heretics wish to be called Catho. lies, still, none of them would dare to point out his own basilica or his own home to a stranger who should wish to visit the Catholic Church." Taken together, the historic evidence should be sufficient to satisfy reasonable men that it is the Catholic Church that PETER, THE HEAD OF CHRIST'S CHURCH 269 has withstood the "gates of hell" since none other is in existence with unbroken record from the time of Christ. This evidence proves the Catholic Church to have been established by Chrir t ; that the Church is based upon the Apostles, of whom Peter was "The First"— that Peter is "the Rock" of supernatural author- ity on earth— that "the Fathers" before the time of Constan- tine recognized the Primacy of PetT— that the headship of Christ's Church was to pass down through the ages to the end of time through the Bishop of Rome. Of course it were idle to make this direct appeal to other than the Protestant elements in our audiences. For those on the left, so to say, must first be persuaded of the existence of of God. Then followed up with the fact of God's supernatural revelation that His only begotten Son is the historic Christ our Lord; that by His Divine power the Catholic Church was es- tablished. All this must be done before the materialistically minded can be brought to any realization of the part St. Peter has played within the scheme of Divine economy. But to Protestants, we set it forth plainly that any dis- credit put upon the Primacy of Peter is in fact put upon Christ Himself, since it is based upon nothing more credible than pre- judice, it is merely a lawless denial of the fact that Peter was in Rome. In campaigning for Christ we stand to defend the Catholic Church, which began on that first Pentecostal Day upon which the Holy Ghost took up His abode on the earth. It is the Church over which Peter first presided. It is the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church over which our Holy Father Pius XI reigns. The Church Infallible CHAPTER XI. Pilate's attitude, that truth may not be known, is the atti- tude of many men of many minds to-day. What is Truth? The answer comes directly from the Lord God: "I am the way, and the truth, and the life." (St. John XIV-6), But if God is Truth, it is of utmost human concern to know if God here and now bespeaks "the way and the truth and the life" and to seek and acquire the knowledge .of truth to our utmost capacity. Truth being absolute/ it is reasonable to believe that no finite mind can hold possession of it whole and entire. Yet, to believe that God has set up on earth an infallible authority At The Ursullne Convent In Santa Rosa, California. THE CHURCH INFALLIBLE 271 to guard and define truth, is the sum and substance of ethical and moral satisfaction. For unless there be an infallible au- thority to interpre.t and determine matters of faith and morals, no better reliance for organized religion exists than one man's opinion against any and all others, nothing better than an ac- cidental uncertain appeal of the thing itself, a fickle plausible something which is here today and gone tomorrow. In this there is no intellectual foundation for ^judgment, no contrast between the Absolute and relative, no difference in quality between First Cause and contingent causes, no certainty that this is right and that is wrong ; there is nothing which is de- pendable and reliable, nothing which man can hold to safely wh€n the gales and storms of contradiction assail him and the dark clouds of doubt hang heavy over him. How different is all this from our Catholic strength and security. We are not left in any such difficulty; we believe that the infallibility of the Church is as true and certain as is the dawn after the night, as is spring after winter. In Campaigning for Christ, we point out tiie dilemma a man faces who at once denies the infallibility of the Church and as- serts the infallibility of the Bible. On the one hand, a man's belief in the Bible as God's infallible word, rests upon the au- thority of the living voice resident within the Catholic Church. On the other hand, one who denies to the Pope and the Church the infallible authority to interpret the meaning of the Bible destroys this Scriptural infallibility itself, since God's Word is changed by every fallible reader who attempts to explain and interpret himself. If then any man's mind accommodates itself to these very evident contradictions, his judgment can hardly be taken as sound. But this is precisely the position of the evaagelical Protestant. ;,' That the Bible cannot interpret itself, all must agree, and that Truth cannot mean this today and that tomorrow, all must likewise agree. It is easy to show,- in truljh, to men of good-will, 272 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST that by private interpretation of the Bible one leader with his group can set up one doctrine or creed, while another leader with his group, can set up a quite contrary doctrine or creed, and thus tear down and destroy what the other has built up, and which he claimed to be truth. And by contrast, by absolute contrast with these man-made religions, it is easy to show that one only Church has weathered the gales of all the Christian centuries and that it is this Church which pronounced the Bible to be God's infallible Word and that has kept the Bible pure and intact in tradition and teach- ing, because of its peculiar prerogative of infallibility. Reasoning rightly it must be agreed that God alone is by nature infallible ; therefore, if any individual, any organism, can be protected from human error it is because God has delegated His infallibility to such individual, to such organism. Now the Catholic Church, a living organism, claims the delegated jurisdiction of God's infallible power in matters of faith and morals. It is a significant fact that no Protestant Church claims this Divine prerogative, also a doubly significant fact in that this denial of infallibility lies at the very base of the popular notion that one religion is as good as another, which is, of course, true in this, that it is degree only that marks off the more heretical of the man-made sects from those less so, and that it may be just as truthfully remarked, with their heresy alone in mind, that not only is one religion as good as another, but also one religion, one man-made sect, is quite as bad as an- other. A story is told that shows how the native common sense of simple Protestant folk disposes of this familiar myth. A Methodist minister calling at the house of an old Indiana farmer thought to persuade him to come to his church, although he knew the family did not belong to his flock. The reverend gentleman argued that one church was as good as another, that when Christ's Church was first established there was but one church, and that all had gone well with the Catholic Church THE CHURCH INFALLIBLE 273 during the first fifteen hundred years before the Reformation, but that then it had fallen into corruption, and that now one church was as good as another. "Lord a massy," said the wife, " thought Christ knowed better'n that. If I was Him and 1 had all them-air powers what He had, I'd a put up that-air church so's it woul^ never come down." "Yes, sir-ee" said the old man, "An" Martin Luther an' them other church builders didn't make a much better fist of it, either. We'» BO divided up now that nobody don't know where we be. One feller says his doctrine '11 fetch us to Heaven, and another feller says: No, sir-ee, that air ^doctrine '11 land ye in the other place; and another feller says there aint no sech place. They oughter first give us some preachment 'bout what we had all oughter believe." Bible Testimony In the Bible it is found that Christ gave God's full power to a corporate body of men to teach infallibly the law of truth. The visible Church was to be a doctrinally perfect society, one in faith, in government and in worship, protected for all time from setting up error by the ever-present Paraclete, the Spirit of Truth: "He that heareth you,^heareth Me; and he that despiseth you, despiseth Me; and he that despiseth Me, despiseth Him that sent Me" (Luke, X, 16). "And if he will not hear the Church, let him be to thee as the heathen and the publican." (Matt. XVIII, 17). Christ established His infallible Church upon Peter, the Rock, with the promise that "the gates of hell shall not prevail against it" (Matt. XVI-18). Giving to Peter the Keys,*He also gave to Peter the power that He was later to confer explicitly upon the Twelve Apostles, After Jlis resurrection, Christ appeared to the eleven Apos- tles in Galilee, saying to them: "All power is given to Me in Heaven and in earth. Going therefore, teach ye all nations; baptizing them in th« name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have com- manded you: and behold I am with you all days, even to the consum- mation of the world." (St. Matt. XXVIII 18, 19, 20). i74 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST Just before His Ascension into Heaven from Mt. Olivet^ Christ in a solemn message gave Divine autiiority to His Apos- tles to teach: "Go ye into the whole world, and preach the Gos- pel to every creature. He that believeth and is baptised shall be saved; but he that believeth not shall be condemned." (Mark XVI, 15-16). What then? Pointedly we ask each man in our audience: ''Shall any man professing the Bible to be God's Word, deny that Christ, speaking as God, delegated God's power to these living men as a visible organism, and that Ii« did so that they might perform God's work on earth and restore His Kingdom of Heaven to mankind ? " In the Bible it is recorded that Christ conferred upon a living organism, which He designated as a Church surrounded by hostile witnesses, the authority to teach the things which He had taught as necessary to individual salvation. But what Christ commanded th€ twelve Apostles, the nuc- leus Church, to teach to us, is not all recorded in the Bible. It is for us to believe that the Church of Christ as^a self-perpetuat- ing organism, has within itsetf the full sum of living truth and that it is ever to instruct the twelve Apostles in "the way, the truth and the life." Again, since the human mind and the human heart are fal- lible guides, too often blind leaders leading the blind, Christ promised to remain with His Church until the end of the world, and to help it withstand error from within and error from with- out, that "the gates of hell might not prevail against it." The Bible records Christ's positive affirmation that hear- ing or despising the Church, is hearing or despising Christ Him- self. In other words, applying this to ourselves, we may do as we please, but if we despise the Chuch we are to be treated as individuals who are not of Christ's fold; and Christ's gifts of grace, dispensed l)v i')r\ ' hk Is. are not for the heathen nor the publiGan. As the Bible avers, aaamatiou is the kuit of tiiose THE CHURGH INFALLIBLE 275 who will not hear Christ's Church or believe His Word. This is not in accordance with Christ's will, since He would that all men should be saved, but it results from one man's singular and foolish perversity, which leads him to offend God upon Whom he depends. These truths are all set down in an infallible Bible, and are themselves infallible doctrines held by Christ's Church. How can we doubt that the Church is infallible in the face of such testimony? Is it rational to believe that a fallible human or- ganism can dispense infallible doctrine and preserve it from error? Is it reasonable to believe that Almighty God would leave mankind under the New Dispensation to the mercy of a fallible authority when, in other times. He protected the Jews against human errors? He commanded Moses to write the Law so that it might be purely delivered to the priests of the sons of Levi, and that they might truly teach it to the people. We read that He gave to the High Priest and to the Council in matters of justice, absolute authority to settle controversies and to punish violaters of the Law, even with death (Deut. chs. 17 and 31). But now that the Old Law has been fulfilled, by the advent on earth of His only Begotton Son, shall God be accused of aban- doning His children because nowhere under the New Dispen- sation is God's infallible word spoken? This is precisely the act of those who deny infallibility to the Catholic Church, while making no such claim for their own sect. We read further in th.e Bible that the Old Law was worked out in all its minor details, so that every man in Israel knew what he should do and how he should do it. This being so, we ask: ''Shall God be accused of abandoning Protestants to their own individual opinion' because they deny that the Catholic Church infallibly interprets God's Will?" Surely, this were to abandon the very idea of God's justice and of God's love for us 'all. 276 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST Of course, we know very well that a large number of those in our audiences who protest against the infallibility of the Catholic Church are not Protestants; they are those who have been pinned down to the logical necessity of accepting the infal- libility of the Catholic Church, or of accepting intellectual and moral chaos, and who now stoutly assert that an infallible Church is a despotism, that its adherents are intellectual slaves and dupes. We answ'er their "No-God-No-Master" mental at- titude by showing that if certitude as to what God's law is makes a Church despotic it is clear that God, who makes the law and Who now proposes it to them, is Himself the despot. But such a conclusion is blasphemy to both Catholic and Pro- testant minds. It is, moreover, an offence against right reason. Just as an inexorable order, which no man has a hand in making, is necessary to the solving of the simplest mathematical sum, so too, an inexorable moral order which God alone can estab- lish and fix, by thou shalt and thou shalt not, is necessary to the solving of the simplest sum of humaij life. God is just and God is merciful. An infallible setting forth of His law brings our liberty of action within the scope of our understanding. If we ask ourselves *'Is keeping within the limits of our moral constitution a burden upon human nature? " we have to answer yes, and no. To the lawless, the wilful element ever present in human society, it is a burden to keep the law; to the purely rational mind, obedience to the law is the only possible course, to win the freedom natural to man; while to the Christian mind, Christ's yoke is indeed sweet and the burdens of life light, be- cause they are carried for His sake. Who bore their sins even "to the death of the Cross." When Campaigning for Christ we push home the necessity of an mfallible authority: We know, every one of us, that our interpretation of the Ten Commandments may be found want- THE CHURCH INFALLIBLE 277 ing: We know, every one of us, that at times we will not obey the law as best we know how. So we stand self-convicted, we are not sufficient unto ourselves. Ah, what Justice and what Mercy, past all human power to conceive. Christ's Church comes to our rescue and tells us infallibly what the law means. So it is that the infallibility of the Catholic Church is a very personal and crucial thing to each and every one of us. For the mind of man was made for truth as the heart of man was made for love. Truth, objective truth, is the genuine, proper object of our rational nature, as Truth, Subjective Truth, God Himself, is the ultimate proper object of our supernatural desire. We are bound to seek objective truth, with our whole being, in the material world which surrounds us, and when we have found this truth, by natural and by supernatural means, we are bound by reason and by conscience to put off entice- ment to evil and to abide in it, that ultimately we may possess Him Who is the very Source and subject of Truth; "the Way and the Truth and the Life." But truth is found in the Catholic Church, the "pillar and ground of truth." The Church is as her Founder the same yesterday, today and forever. So it is that Pilate's question has been answered. Truth is here, in the world, accessible to all men : "What is Truth ? " is answered for us as we enter the Church, and just as the trained mind apprehends the Absolute in principle and comprehends its application only progressively and relatively, so we Catholics, finite as we are, apprehend the Spirit of Truth only progres- sively and relatively in proportion to our attained capacity to accept it. This is so plain that Pilate's doubt as to the existence of Truth, and the Modernist's idea of evolutionary Truth, holds no vexation for the Catholic mind. St. Augustine put the matter into small compass centuries ago: "It is not the Faith that evolves in the faithful but the faith- ful who evolve In the Faith." 278 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST The Bible gives testimony that the Holy Ghost, the Third Person of the Blessed Trinity, shall abide in the Church of Christ forever, protecting His apostles that they may teach all truth: "I will ask the Father, and he shall give you another Para- clete, that he may abide with you forever." "The Spirit of truth ... he shall abide with you, and shall be in you" (St. J. XIV, 16, 17.) "But the Paraclete, the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, he will teach you all things and bring all things to your mind, whatsoever I shall have said to you." (St. John, XIV, 26). "But when he, the Spirit of Truth, is come, he will teach you all truth." (St. J. XVI, 13). Surely it is idle to believe that the Bible is God's Word if we at the same time deny the existence of a corporate body infallibly protected in the teaching of the law of Christ by the indwelling of the Paraclete, the Spirit of Truth. It is our belief, on historical grounds, that the Catholic Church is a doctrinally perfect society, one in faith, one in worship, and one in government, and that it existed as a living organism since the time the Holy Ghost in the form of tongues of fire descended upon the Apostles in the Upper Chamber, on the first Pente- cost Day. It is this Church we wish to make known to the man in the street by Campaigning for Christ. Misconceptions of Infallibility Not merely the rank and file, but even the supposedly learned among non-Catholics think infallibility to be what it is not. So we begin by clearing the ground of false opinion. No Doctor of the Church ever taught, nor does any intelligent Catholic layman believe, that the infallibility of the Pope means that he is inspired, that his thoughts, words and deeds are caused by a special and positive act of God. No Doctor of the Church ever taught, nor does any intelligent Cathtolic believe that the infallibility of the Pope means that he has, in any sense, immunity from sin— that he is impeccable to any extent. THE CHURCH INFALLIBLE 27^ The Chair of Peter is occupied by a man having the grace of his office, yet subject to temptation as all men are. And all Catholics know themselves to be wanting in perfection in some degree or other, so even the best of them, the saints, know them- selves to be sinners in some degree or other. The positive proof of this attitude of mind, is seen in the fact that every Catholic in the world confesses his sins to a priest and asks for absolu- tion—for God's forgiveness. The Chief Shepherd of the en- tire flock is no exception to the law of the Church— he confesses his sins to a priest, as the most humble of his subjects. For the Pope is not impeccable— he is infallible. There are those, worse still, who have the notion that the infallibility of the Pope means that he is not alone a power unto himself within the Vineyard of the Lord, but that he pre- sumes to decide infallibly upon matters of politics and econo- mics, throughout the world. And many a man goes even farther still, holding ridiculous notions which his common sense would laugh to scorn if Jie had not long ago abandoned it for slant- eyed fear and prejudice, conjuring up the most horrible imagin- ings ^id convincing his dark mind that the Pope is an arch- enemy, the spirit of Evil. We deem it well to declare quite frequently that no recog- nized Catholic ever set forth the belief that infallibility means that t^ Pope has power to dictate to Caesar what he shall da within the sphere that belongs to Caesar. On the contrary, every Catholic knows that the Pope is obedient to Christ, and all the world knows that Christ commanded : "Render therefore, to Caesar the thingrs that are Caesar's; and to God the things that are God's." A little attention to the facts in the case would show that the Pope claims no power over any form of civil government anywhere on earth. He deals equally with monarchy and re- public, with King, President or Czar, and he does this because political rule and government are the right of Caesar— and to 280 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST Caesar should be rendered the things that are Caesar's. It is evident that throughout the world Catholics are found loyal subjects and citizens within monarchies and republics and that the World War dissipated from every honest man's mind or fancy the false notion that Catholics are anywhere unpatriotic. Everybody knows that Catholics were found fighting on both sides of the firing line, and this could not be so if the Pope exercised his prerogative of infallibility upon the domain of Caesar. Manifest Infallibility When on the platform of our Auto-Car we hold in mind that the arch-enemy persuades many a man to believe that Catholics are not sincere, and that infallibility is to them what it is held to be by the ignorant and the vicious,— a camouflage of insidious, vicious doctrine with the intention of getting the majority of Americans to side with us that later we may put non-Catholics through some auto-da-fe or third degree, which their morbid imagination alone can aptly describe. But not all our hearers are of this calibre. Putting aside the splendid support given by those of our Faith, our courage to go out into the open to spread the true doctrine of Christ crucified, is sustained by our observation that there is always a goodly minority who take at its true value our effort to serve our Blessed Lord with sincerity and truth. To these folk, who listen with good-will, we can give the best that is in us. We show them first that the infallibility of our Church is only made manifest through the teaching body of the Bishops, the successors of the Apostles, united with the Pope, the suc- cessor of Peter, and that the Bishops may act in a general coun- cil, or act singly while dispersed throughout the world, but ever united with the Pope, the Supreme Head of the Church. An Ecumenical or General Council must be assembled or ap- proved by the Supreme Pontiff, who presides in person or THE CHURCH INFALLIBLE 281 through his legate. A decision of the Council must be approved by the Pope to be binding. This has been so from the beginning. At the first Christian Council, held in Jerusalem, Peter was present and gave an infallible decision relative to circumcision —after "there had been much disputing" (Acts XV). Infallible decisions, coming from the Holy Ghost, are read in Churches throughout the world by the priests at the Altar, Doctrinal authority also resides infallibly in the Pope alone^ as Supreme Pastor of the Universal Church. Peter is the Rock of Authority, Christ's own selection (Matt. XVI). Christ said to Peter: "I have prayed for thee that thy faith fail not." (Luke XXII-32). These are plain words and Christ's commission giv- ing to Peter supreme authority was recognized by the other Apostles in the infant Church. The infallibility of the Pope was defined by the Vatican Council, called by Pope Pius IX in the year 1870, as follows; "Wherefore faithfully adhering to the Tradition received from the beginning of the Christian faith, for the glory of God our Saviour, the exaltation of the Catholic religion, and the salvation of the Chris- tian people, We, the' Sacred Council, approving, teach and define that it is a dogma divinely revealed: — that the Roman Pontiff, when he speaks Ex Cathedira, that is, when in discharge of the office of Pastor and Teacher of all Christians, by virtue of his supreme apostolic auth- ority, he defines a doctrine regarding faith and morals to be held by the Universal Church, is, by the divine assistance promised to him in Blessed Peter, possessed of that infallibility with which the divine Redeemer willed that His Church should be endowed in defining doc- irine regarding faith and morals." Eight hundred Archbishops and Bishops, including sixty Cardinals, from all over the world, voted for this definition of the Infallibility of the Pope. A few had voted thai the time was inopportune for the promulgation of this dogma, but these later cast their vote for the definition. When Campaigning for Christ we have regard for the fact that there are those who believe that the dogma of Infallibility was impo*ed upon the Catholic laity by the priests, and that it i« ki cw/lict with intellectual freedom. We show that it 282 . CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST comes from Christ, as a gift to His Church, and that it is ne- cessarily not opposed to intellectual freedom. Without Papal Infallibility religious authority were merely human say-so. A man-made church has no binding authority from within and when it assumes doctrinal authority it is in conflict with intel- lectual freedom which proclaims that no man has a right to bind the conscience of another, that it is degrading to human nature to accept a dogma invented and formulated by mere man ; for only Christ is ''the Way and the Truth and the Life." We set forth the meaning of infallibility— taught by Christ's Church— as best we can, hoping to reach the mind of the average man. The Roman Pontiff speaks infallibly when he speaks from the Chair of Peter— "ex cathedra". Four conditions must be necessarily fulfilled to make a pronoucement of the Pope infallible. 1st— The Pope must speak as Chief Pastor and teacher of all the faithful, as Bishop of the Universal Church: 2d —The Pope must speak to the whole Church, to Chris- tians everywhere in the world; 3d —The Pope must define, or finally determine, a doctrine by virtue of supreme Apostolic Authority; 4th— The Pope must define a doctrine concerning faith and morals. Only this definition may be properly considered an infallible pronouncement. Neither the reasoning that led up to it, nor the deductions drawn from it, nor the application of the defin- ition to specific persons or things, are in any sense infallible- matters "de fide." Amplifying upon these conditions we point out the error of thinking that the Pope possesses the power of giving to the world a new doctrine. The simple truth is that the Pope teaches ex cathedra what Christ commanded His Church to teach and what Christ Himself taught to His disciples and the multitudes. THE CHURCH INFALLIBLE 283 For Christian Revelation is as it was in the time of Christ— the unchangeable Word of God. But there are new conditions and new relations to which the law of Christ must be applied, albeit of a secondary order. Just as there are .-j new basic principles in mechanics, so there are no new basic principles for morality. Basically, the relations of man to man, of the several members of the family to each other, are just what they were when our Lord was on earth, when He gave us His examples of the moral law which apply to our day and generation as well as to those of the Jews to whom He spoke. Only the methods are changed, improved, extended and expanded, and this in strict compliance to the requirements of the principle employed. Thus, to take an example, when our country began its history, the method of cutting grain was the simple, familiar method of cutting by scythe; now it is reaped with a harvester, although the scythe is still in use. But back of both instruments stands the man, whose relations to nature remain the same, and whose moral relations to his fel- low-man are also jiist the same, now as then. As citizens, we should see very plainly the analogy between the Infallible Court at Rome and the Supreme Court of America. Both are courts of last appeal, one in the sphere of things, spirit- ual and moral, the other in the sphere of Jiings political and civil. One is God's domain, the other, that of Caesar. Our citizens know very well that our Supreme Court does not set up a new law when it renders a decision. Just as the Court of Rome confines itself to spiritual government of its world-wide children, according to God's law, so does the Supreme Court of our United States confine itself to governing Americans accord- ing to the Federal Constitution. The conditions, applications and definitions may be new, but the underlying principles upon which its decisions are based, are not new. A case in point will show the difference between the old and new methods ap- 284 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST plied to the same principle. An appeal was made against an Act of Congress relative to the regulation of telegraph lines. Of course, to the framers of our Federal Constitution, messages sent by telegraph were quite unknown; yet the Supreme Court decided that Congress had the power to regulate telegraph lines, and rested its decision upon the right of Congress to regulate commerce. It declared that the exchange of messages between citizens, in the sphere of production and of ex- change, is a necessary part of commerce and that therefore Congress acts within its right when it regulates telegraph lines. So it should be seen that the Catholic Church introduces no new doctrine when she applies her unchanging principles to the ever-changing times. The Church was commanded to teach the truth which Christ revealed and she teaches nothing more, nothing less. Changing times do indeed usher in new applica- tions of the self-same law, but the law remains the same. To take an example: the woman in the Bible who lost a groat and took a broom to sweep the house that she might find it, is daily followed in principle by women who lose a dime (or even a diamond) and who use an electric sweeper or cleaner, but their method is entirely different, their mode or process of sweeping has changed in time. Of course, it is useless to argue with d man who cannot or will not see the difference between a prefect, absolute principle, and the relative application of that principle to the everyday affairs of mankind. Such a man cannot or will not see that unity, purity and integrity of the perfect deposit of Faith given by Christ is safeguarded by the Holy Ghost who was sent down upon His Apostles on the First Pentecost Day, and for him there is nothing better in the world than man-made wisdom. He is equally hopeless who cannot or will not see the difference between the spheres of our Supreme Court and that of Christ's Church— the one sphere fallible and human ; the other infallible, Divine. The Supreme Bench may render a decision contrary in principle to one that has gone before, but the Pope THE CHURCH INFALLIBLE 28S ean never revise, modify or alter in any iota any of his former ex cathedra pronouncements. His definition remains unchanged and unchangeable for all time, because he can never err when defining matters of faith and morals. Of course, it is worse than idle to believe this possible of the judgments of man. But, it is a necessary belief concerning the Popes, if the Spirit of Truth still abides in the Church ; and Catholics believe this upon the promise of Christ. But the dull and wilful are only a very small minority of our audiences. So we make it a point to show that although the doctrine of Papal Infallibility was defined in 1870, it was far from new at that time. We recommend the article on "In- fallibility" in the Catholic Encyclopedia, and a book by Father Daniel Lyons, the title of which stresses the whole story : "Chris- tianity and Infallibility; Both or Neither." We quote the opening words of the decree of 1870, to prove that the doctrine of Infallibility was not an invention of the time. It reads : "Faithfully adhering to the tradition received from the beginning of the Christian faith" etc., thus positively asserting that Vhe doctrine of the Infallibility of the Pope is as old as the Church itself. We cite as a parallel case the pronouncement of Uie doc- trine of the Divinity of Christ. Would any student of Church History presume to say that the definition by Pope Sylvester, and the Council of Nice, indicates that the Catholic Church did not believe that Christ was Divine before the year 325 A. D.? Most assuredly not, yet it is easy to draw from this definition of Nice that belief in the Infallibility of the Pope is as old as the Church itself. The circumstances leading up to the defini- tion of these dogmas are much alike. A teaching opposite to that of the Church was gaining ground. The Divinity of Christ was disputed by Arius, the ancient Unitarian, and he was winning adherents to his heresy. It was necessary to make known to 286 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST all Christians for all time the true doctrine of the Divinity ot Christ. Hence, the Council of Nice was convoked. A truth once defined becomes crystallized into a dogma, which cannot be recalled or changed for any reason. The Divinity of Christ was set forth in the Nicene Creed, and no Catholic has ever thought of questioning the Divinity of Christ since. So too, it was that in 1870 conditions were ripe for a defini- tion of Papal Infallibility, by Pope Pius IX. The doctrine of the Infallibility of the Pope had been held from the days of Peter by all the Popes, by every Ecumenical Council, by all the saints, by every Religious Order, and by all the Catholic theological schools, with the exception of a minority in the Sor- bonne University of Paris, and thus the definition of Papal In- fallibility was a faithful historical following of the example of Peter, who himself first exercised the infallible power of the Pope at Jerusalem. But, in the time of Louis XIV, there began in France a politico-religious movement known as Gallicanism, which was carried on up to 1870. It was in fact a national assault upon the supreme power of the Pope, an attempt to put a restraint upon Papal authority in favor of Bishops and temporal rulers. Gallicanism had been successively condemned by Popes Inno- cent XI, Alexander VIII, and Pius VI. Yet in the Vatican Council "it lifted its head," and Pope Pius IX had to define for once and for all exactly what the Catholic Church had always believed with regard to the Infallibility of the Pope, and what was defined dogma from then on. Now the infallible truth was made known, and as is ever the case when 'Teter has spoken" and "Rome's reply has come," "the case" was "closed" ;• the issue of Gallicanism was a thing of the past. We follow up tins truth, that Papal definition does not create a new dogma, by pointing out a specific Catholic tenet that may possibly become definite dogma some daty. Catholics THE CHURCH INFALLIBLE 287 ^ve that Mary, the mother of our dear Savior, never saw cor- ruption; and they celebrate the Feast of the Assumption every year in honor of her ascent into Heaven. Yet this belief has never been defined by the Pope ex cathedra, and it is not of faith, in the strictest sense of the word. But let us suppose that the Pope or some future Ecumenical Council, defined this belief in the Assumption of the Blessed V'irgin Mary, as a sacred re- vealed dogma to be held by all, would we deem it correct to say that the Assumption of Mary is a new doctrine and that Catho- lics are called upon to believe it merely because it pleased the Pope to say that the Assumption of Mary is a dogma? Truly those who think Catholics so deluded, are themselves the sub- ject of delusion. But there are those who are so deluded, and a vast number of them Socialists and Radicals. These readers of BebeFs "Wo- man," a free-love book, the fiftieth edition of which was pub- lished in New York in 1910, believe the deluded author is right when he refers to the Sacrament of Matrimony as an institution of the Church, and spread his absurdity abroad. We quote from page 66: "Marriage was made a sacrament of the Catholic Church by a decision of the Council of Trent." As a matter of fact not one of the 261 Popes that have reigned since Peter, has ever had the power, or ever claimed to have the power, to make a sacrament. Neither has any one of the 20 Ecumenical Coun- cils since the first Council of Nice in 325 to the Vatican Council in 1870, ever claimed to have the power to make a sacrament. Catholic childrsn, from their study of the catechism, know that Sacraments are not made by Church, Pope, or Coimcil. Christ Himself is the one and only Author of Sacraments. There are seven Sacraments, instituted by our Blessed Lord, and one of these is the Sacrament of Matrimony. It^was the attack upon the Christian doctrine of matrimony in the 16th century, by the ex-priests, Luther, Cranmer, ELnox nnd others who broke tiheir sacred vows and married, and the 288 CAMPAIGNING FOR CHRIST anti-marriage doctrines of the Anabaptists, and other sects, that gave occasion for the restatement at the Council of Trent of the Sacrament of Matrimony. This Council specifically defined thoj Catholic position, declaring that Christ Himself has insti- tuted the Sacrament of Matrimony and that no Christian could have more than one wife simultaneously because the bond of union is indissoluble. Yet, against this explicit law held by the Church since the days of Christ, a world-famous Socialist doc- trinaire has set it down in cold type— mayhap in ignorance but at all events against truth— that the Council of Trent made mar- riage a sacrament in the 16th Century. It seems useful to say over and over again that there are no new Sacraments, no new revelations of doctrine in the Catho- lic Church, that all that is taught is what Christ taught, what God revealed, a deposit of Faith that is one perfect whole. With all the misrepresentations set afloat by ignorance and by wilfulness, the non-Catholic can hardly be expected to have the Catholic doctrine of Infallibility straight in his mind. But if he really be of a sincere cast of mind, and the truth of Infalli- bility be preached to him, he may quickly find his way to tne door of the Catholic Church. It is in the hope that he may learn the true doctrine of the Infallibility of the Pope through us when Campaigning for Christ, that we keep at hand sufficient data to prove that this doctrine was formally expressed and even taken for granted from the earliest Christian centuries up to the year 1870. The quotations which we here afix are those we use to prove that Infallibility was exercised by the Pope in con- demning heresies, in excommunicating h^etics, and in defining doctrine of faith and morals, through the centuries. 18th. Century St. Alphonsus says: "When the Pope speaks as universal Doctor, ex cathedra, that is, by the supreme authority to teach what the Church deUvered to Peter, in deciding controversies of faith and morals, he is altogether infallible" (Ligg. Opp. torn. I, lib. I. tract 2. Mechlin. 1845). THE CHURCH INFALLIBLE 289 17th i cntury iJellarmine says: "The Roman Pontiff cannot err in faith." "Not alone in decrees of faith the Supreme Pontiff cannot err, but neither (can he err) in moral precepts which are enjoined on the whole Church, and which are conversant with things that are necessary to salvation, or with those which are in them- selves good or evil." (De Romano Pontifice, lib. IV, capp. III. V. Venice 1599). Saurez says: "It is a Catholic truth, that the Pontiff defining ex cathedra is a rule of faith which ^cannot err, whensoever he proposes authoritatively anything to be believed of faith in the whole Church" (De Fide, disp. V, sec. 8, torn XII. Mentz 1622). J6th. Century Pope Gregory XIII says: "The truth of his definition as to what vows constitute a religious ° state is altogether infallible, so that it cannot be denied without error. The reason is, be- cause the sentence of the Pontiff in things which pertain to doctrine, contains Infallible certainty by the institution and promise of Christ, 'I have prayed for thee.' " He then adds, "The providence of Christ our Lord over His Church would be greatly diminished if He should permit His Vicar in deciding such questions ex cathedra, to fall into error." (Re Religione Soc. Jesu. Lib. 111.). Gregory of Valentia S. J., says: "Without any restrictions it is to be said, that whatsoever the Pontiff determines in contro- verted matters which have respect to piety, he determines in- fallibly; when;, as it has been stated, he obliges the whole Church." Again, "Whatsoever the Pontiff asserts in any con- troverted matters of religion, it is to be believed that he asserts infallibly by his Pontifical authority, that is, by Divine assist- ance." (De Objecto Fidei, punct. VIII.s 40, Ingolstadt, 1595). 15th, Century The Archbishop of Canterbury (1412, A. D.) writing to the Pope in his own behalf anci for his suffragans, more than a hundred years before the Catholic Church in England separated from Rome, to become the "Church by law established," His <"irace says : "This is that most blessed See which is proved never to have erred by the Grace of Almighty God from the path of Apostolic Tradition; nor has it ever been depraved and succumbed to heretical novelties; and the greater causes ol t