Police Department, ) 
 
 Superintendent's Office, v 
 
 New Haven, Conn., Aug. 2, 1892. ) 
 
 Mr.A.K Costello: 
 
 Dear Sir : As a committee of the Police Commis- 
 sioners appointed to inspect, and if found satisfactory to 
 approve of your History of the Police Department of the 
 City of JSTew Haven, we take pleasure in savins^ that your 
 book is acceptable and quite complete. 
 
 We trust that the books will find ready sale, so that 
 your efforts may be appreciated and rewarded. 
 
 {P^-iau. 
 
HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Police Department 
 
 OF 
 
 NEW HAVEN 
 
 From the Period of the Old Watch in 
 Colonial Days to the Present Time 
 
 HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 Police Protection: Past and Present 
 
 THE CITY'S MERCANTILE RESOURCES 
 
 IL LUSTRA TED 
 
 T- • 
 
 A. E. COSTELLO 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 The Relief Book Publishing Co. 
 
 1892 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 T^'EW people, unless they have taken pains to study the 
 ^ life of a Policeman, have the remotest idea of what is 
 expected of him or the hardships and dangers he has to un- 
 dergo night and day. He is expected to patrol the streets 
 and be found at his post of duty whether in rain, liail or 
 sunshine. Not only is he required to care for the lives and 
 property of citizens while they sleep, but he must be pres- 
 ent at every lire ; must be present to preserve peace at large 
 gatherings, political meetings, entertainments, and such like ; 
 he is supposed always to be able to enlighten you in regard 
 to jDersons as well as places ; he must be an escort for pro- 
 cessions, for lost children, the sick, injured or disabled, and 
 he must be on hand to protect strangers from the operation 
 of confidence men who are sure to be found in every city. 
 He must report fires, broken and unlighted gas lamps, look 
 after the violation of the city ordinances, and perform an 
 infinite range of other work, the extent of which the public 
 have little idea ; so numerous, in short are his duties, that it 
 would seem difiicult for him to remember them. People 
 generally expect more from a Policeman than they reason- 
 ably should, and they are not aware of the extra burdens in 
 this direction that are placed on the force, and most of 
 
11, INTKODUCTION. 
 
 which extra duties are in excess of the regular 2)ohce duties. 
 There is no other department of the city government 
 from which so much is exacted, and none for which, gen- 
 erally, so little is done; neither is there any department 
 where the conduct of employes is so much scrutinized. 
 Upon the slightest mistake made by one of them the whole 
 police force is more or less subject to criticism. The public 
 have no idea of the obstacles with which police officers have 
 to contend ; they have complainants in every shape arrayed 
 against them ; sometimes clad in broadcloth, sometimes in 
 rags. 
 
 The duties of a Policeman are arduous in the extreme. 
 His work is more carefully scrutinized than that of any 
 officer in any other branch of the city departments. If a 
 mistake is made by any member of the Police force, it is 
 open to criticism, and oftentimes the entire force is unjustly 
 stigmatized on account of the acts of an individual member. 
 
 The Detective branch of the service is one of great im- 
 portance ; and much depends upon the officer" s sagacity and 
 diligence in order to be successful in working up criminal 
 cases. He should have a knowledge of the criminal classes, 
 be skillful in obtaining facts, and expeditious in following 
 them up ; have quick perception, and be endowed with a 
 good share of common sense, which is really one of the 
 most important qualifications for the position. 
 
 Yery many important changes have taken place in the 
 organization of the Police Department, all calculated to 
 bring the force up to a high standard of efficiency, since 
 the abolishment of the old Watch Svstem, in 1861. First 
 
INTRODUCTION. HI. 
 
 ill order and in niagnitnde came the adoption of a police 
 nniform. This placed the department on a footing with 
 the leading police organizations of the conntr j, such as New 
 York and Boston. Thenceforward the work of progress 
 was uninterrupted. The features that distinguished the 
 best police systems of the larger cities were soon adopted ; 
 such as the Gamewell system of a police telephone and sig- 
 nal service, which was introduced May 1, 1884. Then came 
 other important measures of improvement, namely, the 
 patrol wagon and the ambulance service. The first police 
 van, or "Black Maria," was put into service in 1873, and 
 the same year the male and female prisoners were kept 
 apart from ^acli other. Taken as a whole, in all essentials, 
 Xew Haven can boast of as trustworthy and efficient a corps 
 of peace officers as are to be found anywhere. 
 
 About half a century ago, the police lock-up was in 
 what is now the American Theatre Building, on Church 
 street. It was moved to tlie other side of the street, a few 
 doors below Chapel ; thence to an upper room of the Globe 
 Building, corner of Chapel and Church streets ; and after- 
 ward to the basement of the Old State House, on Green. 
 
 When the City Hall was built, in 1861, the Pohce quar- 
 ters, Pohce Court, and lock-up, were moved thither. A 
 large building, exclusively for Police and City Court pur- 
 poses, was built at a cost of about $75,000, on Court street, 
 in 1873. In this building is a court room, a large room for 
 the assembling of policemen, a room w^ith beds for officers 
 on night duty, wlio must attend court in the morning, and 
 a large drill room, besides other rooms. 
 
CHAFTEK I. 
 
 NEW HAVEN COMMERCIALLY CONSIDERED. 
 
 A Floiu-isliins" Manufacturing Center— A Spacious Harbor— Superior 
 Kailroad Facilities— Numerous Routes of Transportation— Coast- 
 ing Vessels— Sliipments to Foreign Countries— Period of British 
 Occupancy— Days of the Embargo— Financial Panics— Banking. 
 
 SITUATED in one of the most picturesque locations on 
 the Kew England coast, at the confluence of Quinnipiac, 
 Mill and West rivers, Xew Haven, with a population of 
 90,000 inhabitants, ranks as the third city in the New 
 England States. Owing to the natural features of the soil, 
 the salubrity of the climate, the air of comfort and cleanli- 
 ness which characterize the inhal)itants, combined with the 
 e(pia1>le temperature maintained during the summer sea- 
 son by cooling and invigorating breezes from Long Island 
 Sound, it is the most healthful maritime city in the world 
 of its size, the temperature seldom rising above 85° or fall- 
 ing below 10°. Typhoid fever, which plays such havoc 
 with other large cities, is practically unknown, as well as 
 other contagious diseases. 
 
 Embosomed in the ample foliage of the stately elms 
 which line the streets, surrounded Avith spacious lawns and 
 beautiful gardens, the city presents the most unique and at- 
 tractive appearance. It has long been famous for its schools, 
 
8 NEW HAVEN CO^rMERCIALLY CONSIDERED. 
 
 colleges, cliurclies and charitable institutions, but chiefly as 
 the seat of Yale University, which ranks as the largest and 
 most distinguished educational establishment in the coun- 
 try, whose 1500 students expend 81,000,000 annually for 
 board, clothing, books and necessary expenses of the collegi- 
 ate term. 
 
 As a manufacturing center, owing to the facilities for 
 procuring an abmidant supply of cheap fuel, Xew Haven 
 possesses unrivaled advantages which have contributed 
 largely to the growth and prosperity of her manufacturing 
 industries. Nearly every department of commerce is well 
 represented in her marts of trade which are brought into 
 direct communication with all parts of the country by six 
 lines of railroad, connectino- the city with the markets of 
 the East and West. 
 
 Oyster culture forms a prominent feature of the industry 
 of the population. From time immemorial the channel 
 of the Quinnipiac river was a natural oyster bed, and oys- 
 ters grew in favorable localities in the hai'bor, in West 
 river, Stony and Oyster rivers. Numbers of the principal 
 growers ship oysters to all parts of the country, and a con- 
 siderable European trade has been established. 
 
 The spacious harbor of New Haven affords safe anchor- 
 age from all gales from east-southeast around northward to 
 west-southwest, and when the great national works now in 
 course of construction for deepening and sheltering the 
 harbor are completed, safe anchorage will be insured from 
 gales on every side, and vessels of heavy tonnage drawing 
 twenty-six feet of water can safely enter the port. When 
 
NEAV HAVEN CO>[MERCIALLY CONSIDERED. \} 
 
 these improvements are carried out by the United States 
 government, the trade and commerce of the " City of Ehns " 
 will receive an impetus which must soon place her in the 
 front rank, beside the populous maritime cities on the East- 
 ern seal)oard. 
 
 The commercial importance of this port has long been 
 known, and its ability to collect and pay into the treasury of 
 the government large sums of money is proved by the 
 records of the Custom House, it being the seventh in a col- 
 umn of seaports arranged according to the amount paid into 
 the treasury of the United States for duties on imports. 
 
 Six railroads enter the city, five of which are main lines 
 and pass through many important towns. Over these six 
 roads are run daily seventy passenger trains, and fourteen 
 passenger trains run daily, each way, from the city to New 
 York. By means of these roads the city is closely connected 
 with all points in the United States and Canada, which can 
 be reached with the least possible delay and expense. 
 
 The city enjoys excellent facilities for exporting goods 
 to foreign countries, particularly where there is now spring- 
 ing up a demand for American goods. This is a field of 
 great importance, and those manufacturers who early turn 
 their attention to it will get from it rich returns. Manu- 
 facturers already located here, Avhile enabled to get every 
 advantage from the foreign market, can also readily secure 
 their share of Western and Southern trade, owing to the 
 rates of freight being arranged upon most favorable terms, 
 and to all New England freight can be sent as cheaply as 
 from Boston, which places the city upon equal terms with 
 
10 XEW HAVEX COMMERCIALLY C0NSIDE:RED. 
 
 the other Xew England towns. The city is witliin two 
 hours' ride of N^ew York, four of Boston, live of Philadel- 
 phia and nine of Washington. 
 
 In addition to these regular and established routes of 
 transportation, there is a constant supply of coasting vessels, 
 of good carrying capacity, available for shipments in cases 
 where they can be advantageously used, and also ready 
 facilities for shipments to the West Indies and other foreign 
 countries. Coal is brought here in vessels and barges direct 
 from the outlets of the mines on the Jersey coast, and a 
 large ti-ansshipment. trade is done here to all points in north 
 and western Xew England. 
 
 Hubbard, the historian, who was seA^enteen years of age 
 wlien Xew Haven was founded, speaks of its ''error in 
 great buildings." Poor man! how simple and primitive 
 were his notions of "great buildingss" One cannot forbear 
 a smile Avhen reading the following: ''They laid out too 
 much of their stocks and estates in building of fair and 
 stately houses, wherein they at the first outdid the rest of 
 the country." But one's merriment is subdued when we 
 know that there were some family mansions in those days 
 that even now would cause curious comment. Such an one 
 was Governor Eaton's, which was so large as to have nine- 
 teen fireplaces. A description of this building would 
 recall one of the grand old English lordly mansions of 
 feudal days. 
 
 But the average dwelling-house of the first generation 
 of planters was far from approaching in spaciousness and 
 luxury this one of Governor Eaton's, which was by far 
 
NEW HAVEN COMMERCIALLY CONSIDERED. 11 
 
 superior to them all. The former were framed buildings, 
 those of the better class, and lower in rank than these were 
 log-houses, or rather huts, comparing with a prairie log 
 cabin. 
 
 As a commercial center, Kew Haven is hardly worth 
 considering, even in an antiquarian sense, during the term 
 of the British occupancy. The year ITTO, says Hollister, 
 was one of peculiar interest in Connecticut. The merchants 
 of the colony had kept the articles of agreement entered 
 into with those of Xew York, in relation to the non-impor- 
 tation of British goods, with singular fidelity. The growth 
 and spread of home manufactures were the principal con- 
 cern, and means were devised for the carryhig out to the 
 letter the non-importation agreement. The zeal in behalf 
 of home manufactures, and in opposition to trade with 
 Britain, increased the more the question was considered, 
 until the popular feeling in favor of domestic manufactures 
 grew to be a passion; and the women, even more than the 
 men, vied with each other in bringing back the age of home- 
 spun fabrics. We are told that "the sliding of the shuttle, 
 the buzz of the spinning wheel, the bleaching of cloth upon 
 the lawn that sloped downward from the kitchen door of 
 the family mansion to the rivulet that threaded the bottom 
 of the glade, found employment for the proudest as well as 
 the humblest female in the land.'' 
 
 This spirit of commercial resistance soon produced the 
 
 •desired eifect. The Parliament, frightened by the stand 
 
 taken hj the colonists in regard to their non-importation 
 
 programme, and moved by petitions from British merchants 
 
12 NEW HAYEX COMMEKCIALLY CONSIDERED. 
 
 whose traffic with America had been interrupted, amended 
 the act for the regulation of trade so as to remove all duties 
 except on tea, which duty was retained by express com- 
 mand of the King, for the sake of bearing testimony to the 
 right of England to tax the colonies. It was the old dodge 
 of John Bull, played so often and successfully ; while yield- 
 ing to a particular pressure of public opinion, too powerful 
 to withstand, to make concessions grudgingly, and then only 
 in such fashion as would leave a chance to renew the oppres- 
 sion, with greater violence, on the first favorable opportu- 
 nity. But John Bull had reckoned without his host. His 
 cunning and greed had^ caused him to overreach himself. 
 The stamp act was his crowning folly. It cost him the most 
 precious jewel in his crown. The colonies in consequence 
 were forever lost to England. Verily, a striking manifesta- 
 tion of the adage that a King can do no wrong. If all his 
 acts were to bear such rich fruit few indeed would be in- 
 clined to question the wisdom or accuracy of the statement. 
 
 In the days of the embargo the seamen of the city and 
 artisans of every kind dependent on commerce for the 
 means of subsistence were idle, and the capital of those who 
 owned ships was unproductive. Traffic of every description 
 being more or less closely connected with commerce, was 
 affected by this paralysis of Xew Haven's principal in- 
 dustry. 
 
 Anotlier period of idleness and distress was produced 
 during the war of 1S12. In both cases the depression was 
 accompanied with shrinkage of value, the destruction of 
 credit, and many insolvencies. Since the war of 1812 there 
 
NEW IIAVEX COMMERCIALLY CONSIDERED. 13 
 
 have been four crises in business which may be called finan- 
 cial panics, because produced largely by suspicion and fear. 
 
 The first of these j^anics was occasioned l)y the failure 
 of the Eagle Bank, September 19, 1825, causing a destruc- 
 tion of $1,500,000 of its working capital. The city suffered 
 from the paralysis of that confidence which multiplies capi- 
 tal by means of credit ; in consequence of which every kind 
 of property shrank in value as expressed in money. Ke- 
 cuperation from this dire disaster was slow and tedious, and 
 its effects were felt for many a year. 
 
 In 1837 the city was again visited by another financial 
 panic; but this time the disaster was felt throughout the 
 country. Its history began with the removal, in 1833, of 
 the public deposits from the Bank of the United States to 
 State banks selected by the Secretary of the Treasury. 
 This measure produced a great derangement in the business 
 of the whole country, and an almost total suspension of the 
 accustomed action of the financial system. The rate of inter- 
 est went up in six months from six to twelve per cent, per 
 annum ; stocks were depressed ; commodities of every kind 
 shrank in value ; and labor felt the shock even more than 
 capital. Mills and factories shut down their gates, work- 
 men were discharged and wages reduced. 
 
 The New Haven banks all suspended specie payments 
 as soon as they heard of similar suspensions in New York ; 
 all except the City Bank ; and old and conservative firms 
 Avere obliged to go into liquidation. The effects of this 
 financial earthquake remained for ten years, although one 
 Year mav be res^arded as the measure of the panic. 
 
14 XEW HAVEX CO:NrMERCIALLY CONSIDERED. 
 
 The year 1857 was also a memorable one, as the period 
 of a panic that, like the one twenty years before, extended 
 throughout the country. The causes of both panics were 
 similar : the contraction of specie. In the latter case this 
 contraction was owing to the action of the banks in New 
 York, in diminishing the amount of their liabilities by 
 refusing to discount, as a necessary measure of their own 
 safety. By the end of the year the banks resumed specie 
 payment and contidence was restored; but the panic had 
 "^ ruined many merchants and manufacturers, and caused 
 severe loss to many others. 
 
 In 1869, during the progress of the return of nominal 
 values to the standard of gold, there occurred in New York 
 a fluctuation in the price of gold, creating a panic, which in 
 New York was known as "Black Friday." More lasting 
 and severe was the panic of 1873, caused by the final col- 
 lapse of the inflation consequent upon the war and its 
 expenditures. Since then the country has not suffered any 
 more such shocks, and it is hoped that past experience will 
 make their repetition impossible in the future. 
 
 Banks and Bankers. — Less than a hundred years ago 
 a single bank, with a capital of flfty thousand dollars, suf- 
 flced for the wants and requirements of the business com- 
 munity of New Haven. This was their only reliance for 
 thirty years, until, in 182-1, the Mechanics' Bank was organ- 
 ized. The Eagle Bank, chartered in 1811, need not be 
 taken into account ; it afforded but slight aid to the com- 
 munity, and failed in 1825, thus doing more harm than 
 good. 
 
NEW HAVEN COMMERCIALLY ( ONSIDEKEI). 15 
 
 To-day tlie banking capital of New Haven is considerably 
 more than live inillions, and the deposits in tlie Savings 
 Banks amount to ten million dollars. 
 
 All the New Haven banks, except the City and Mechan- 
 ics, organized nnder the National Banking Act. 
 
 The New Haven Bank. — This is the premier bank of 
 New Haven, its charter dating back to 1792, and conse- 
 quently has passed its centenary year. It was not, however, 
 organized until 1795. Its charter was amended, October of 
 the last mentioned year, reducing the capital to |50,00U, 
 with privilege of increasing it to $400,000. On the first 
 Thursday of July, 1796, David Austin was elected presi- 
 dent, and AVilliam Lyon took the oath of office as cashier, 
 who, later on, was voted a salary of $500 per annum. 
 
 Mechanics' Bank. — Was chartered by the General 
 Assembly at its May session, 1821. Capital stock, $500,000 ; 
 shares, $100 each. This bank has been an educational 
 institution, where many men have graduated to fill impor- 
 tant financial positions. 
 
 The City Bank. — Was chartered May, 1831, with an 
 authorized capital of $500,000; shares, $100 each. The 
 bank was organized in December, 1831. The present 
 banking-house was built April 4, 1851, 
 
 The New Haven County Bank. — Was incorporated in 
 1834. Capital stock, $500,000; shares, $25 each. May 18, 
 1859, the capital was reduced to $340,0(10, and shares to $8, 
 with privilege to increase to original amount. William N. 
 Elliott was the first president. His successors have been 
 Henry Hotclikiss, Willis Bristol and James G. English. 
 
16 NEW HAVEX COMMERCIALLY CONSIDERED. 
 
 Merchants' Bank. — Incorporated, 1851. Capital, $500,- 
 000; shares, §50 eaclL Katlian Peck was president from 
 its incorporation till his death. He was succeeded by ex- 
 Governor Hobart B. Bigelow. 
 
 QuiNNiPiAc Bank, now The Yale Xational Bank. — 
 Was organized in 1853, with a capital of $500,000. This 
 institution organized under the National Banking Act as 
 the Yale National Bank, with a capital of $750,000. 
 
 Tradesmen's Bank, now The National Tradesmen's 
 Bank. — Was incorporated in 1854. Capital, $500,000; 
 shares, $100 ; provided the whole amount be called in within 
 one year from July 11, 1851:. Xot to commence business 
 until one-half of the capital be paid in ; nor loan to any 
 individual, copartnership or corporation a sum exceeding 
 ten per cent, of the capital actually paid in. Xo one to 
 hold exceeding $50,000 of the stock. Charter amended 
 1855. To go into operation when $250,000 stock was sub- 
 scribed for, and fifty per cent, thereof paid in. Xow organ- 
 ized under the Xational Banking LaAv as the National 
 Tradesmen's Bank. 
 
 Elm City Bank, now The Second JS'ational Bank. — 
 Was incorporated 1854. Capital, $500,000; shares, $100; 
 to be called in within one year, and to commence business 
 when one-half paid in. Kot to loan exceeding ten per cent, 
 of capital stock to any one individual, etc. Charter amended 
 1855. Charter again amended in 1857, to increase the 
 capital $400,000. Organized under the National Banking 
 Law with a capital of $1,000,000 as the Second National 
 Bank. 
 
John Clancy, 
 polke commissioner. 
 
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 Francis E. Hunn. 
 
 POLICE commissioner. 
 
NEW HAVEN COMMERCIALLY CONSIDERED. 17 
 
 The First National Bank. — Organized under the 
 ^N'ational Banking Law, 1862. It was the iirst bank started 
 under that act in New England, and the second in the 
 United States. Capital, $3UO,UU0. Present capital, $500,- 
 000 ; surplus, $120,000. 
 
 Union Trust Company. — Incorporated May, 1868. 
 Capital, $100,000 ; surplus, $20,000. 
 
 JSTew Haven Savings Bank. — Incoi-porated 1838. 
 Assets, $5,602,652.81; surj^lus, $210,000. 
 
 Connecticut Savings Bank. — Incorporated June 22, 
 1857. 
 
 Townsend Savings Bank. — Was originally incorj)orated 
 as the Townsend City Savings Bank, June 23, I860. The 
 name changed, as above. May 27, 1863. 
 
 National Savings Bank. — Incorporated June 20, 1866. 
 
 New Haven Co-operative Savings Fund and Loan 
 Association. — Incorporated 1881. 
 
 Commerce. — The commercial enterprise of the early 
 Colonial days was mostly confined to trading with foreign 
 and domestic ports. As early as 1639 Lamberton was sail- 
 ing for trade to Virginia, and Goodman Tapp was bringing 
 cattle from Massachusetts Bay. The early records of the 
 town abound with entries relating to its commercial inter- 
 ests. The commerce was foreign as well as coastwise ; ves- 
 sels sailed to England, the Barbadoes, the Bermudas, and 
 the Azores, as well as to Boston, Salem, Connecticut, New 
 Netherlands, Delaware Bay and Virginia. At first success 
 crowned these commercial enterprises, but the prosperity 
 was not of a permanent sort. New Haven, failing as a 
 
18 XEW HAVEN COMMERCIALLY CONSIDERED. 
 
 prosperous mart, was compelled to turn to agriculture for 
 sustenance, which proved in some degree successful. 
 
 When the war broke out, commerce became extremely 
 hazardous. The war caused great privations. During the 
 revolution the commerce of ^N'ew Haven ceased. 
 
 At the commencement of the present century Kew 
 Haven had a considerable commerce with European ports. 
 The maritime interests of tlie place rapidly advanced from 
 1800 to 1804. The war between France and England, and 
 the war between this country and England crippled the 
 maritime interests of New Haven and other American 
 ports. 
 
 The foreign commerce of the United States w^as suddenly 
 destroyed by an act of Congress of December 22, 1807, es- 
 tablishing an eml^ai'go, its chief object being to punish 
 Great Britain for searching American vessels and impressing 
 American seamen. 
 
 These stormy seasons passed, the foreign commerce of 
 New Haven steadily increased, and the capital now invested 
 in ships and trade with foreign countries is greater than at 
 any time in the history of the city. The coastwise com- 
 merce consists chiefly in bringing lumber and otlier building 
 materials from Maine and from the Western and Southern 
 States. 
 
CHAPTER 11. 
 
 NEW haven's first POLICE FORCE. 
 
 A Night Guard Composed of Sixteen Men— Every Niglit at Sundown 
 the Drum was Beaten — Constables, Marshals and Tithingmen — 
 The Watch-house was Located on the Market Place— Duties of 
 the Watch Defined— Discharge of Guns, Beating of Drums and 
 Calling of Fire, Fire— Military Companies— The Marshal and tlie 
 Town-drummer . 
 
 l^EW HAYEX'S first police force was under the im- 
 '^ mediate oversight of tlie Captain (N'athaniel Turner, 
 a Massachusetts soldier who had fought in the Pequot war), 
 and was so divided that the men of the town watched in 
 turn from March to October yearly. Each night a guard 
 was composed of six men and the master of the watch. In 
 1642 there were in all thirty-one separate watches, compris- 
 ing two hundred and seventeen men. Every night at sun- 
 down the drum was beaten, and within half an hour the 
 master of the watch must be "att the court of guarde," 
 which stood on the Green. Disorders were precluded by a 
 provision that, in making up the watch, "young and less 
 satisfying persons shall be joyned with another more ancient 
 and trusty." That such a curb was necessary appears a few 
 years later, when the court felt compelled to prohibit "any 
 
20 XEW haven's fie ST POLICE FOKCE. 
 
 from sitting with the watch, as it had been a ciistome to 
 doe, whereby they idle away their time." 
 
 "The Fonnders" firmly established the fundamental 
 principle that all government sprung from tlie Church. 
 During the earlier days the officers of the Church preserved 
 the peace on the Lord's day, while the constables, by com- 
 mon consent, made arrests for misdemeanors. These con- 
 stables were chosen from year to year. If but rough and 
 uncouth in speech and severe in manner, tlieir qualilications 
 for the office were considered undisputed. Obedience to 
 the laws was compelled by marshals, constables, special 
 constables, tythingmen, the night watch, and impounders, 
 all of whom, as may be supposed, exacted ready obedience 
 to the laws with a heavy hand. There could be no devia- 
 tion from the straight and narrow path. In those days the 
 way of the transgressor was 23articularly hard. Human 
 nature was confined to a strait jacket, and the world, the 
 flesh and the devil, this triple headed monster, had a hard 
 time of it generally. 
 
 The collected wisdom and godliness of the town was 
 wont to assemble for prayer in the meeting-house, which 
 was in the center of the market place. It was built in ac- 
 cordance with an order of the General Court, passed 
 Xovember 25, 1639, and continued in use till 16T0, when 
 its successor was ready for occupancy. 
 
 The only other public buildings on the market place 
 were a school-house and a watch-house. The latter was for 
 the comfort of the watchmen who were on duty at niglit, 
 and on Sundays and lecture days and other days of solemn 
 
21 
 
 worship. In 1645 it was "ordered that the marketplace 
 be forthwith cleared, and the wood carried to the watch- 
 house, and there piled for the use and snccor of the watch 
 for four years;" after the lapse of which time, "it was 
 propounded that some wood might be provided for the 
 watch." The sergeants were desired "to inquire who hath 
 not wrought in the market place, that they might cut some 
 wood out ; and in the meantime the treasurer was to pro- 
 vide a load." 
 
 A watch ordinarily consisted of one intrusted as master 
 of the watch, and six other watchmen. A part of their 
 duties is thus defined, June 3d, 1640: "The master of the 
 watch is to set the watch an hour after sunset, dividing the 
 night into three watches, sending forth two and two together 
 to walk their turns, as well without the town as within the 
 town and the suburbs also, to bring to the court of guarde 
 any person or persons whom they shall find disorderly, or 
 in a suspicious manner within doors or without, whether 
 English or Indians, or any other stranger whatsoever, and 
 keep them there safe until the morning and then bring them 
 before one of the magistrates. If the watchmen in any part 
 of their watch see any apparent common danger, which they 
 cannot otherwise prevent or stop, then they are to make an 
 alarm by discharging their two guns, which are to be 
 answered by him that stands at the door to keep sentinel, 
 and that also seconded by beating of the drum. And if the 
 danger be by fire, then with the alarm the watchmen are 
 to ci-y : fire ! fire ! ! And if it be by the discovery of an 
 enemv, then they are to cry: arm! arm!! all the town 
 
22 NEW haven's first police rOECE. 
 
 over. Yet so as to leave a guard at the court of guard. 
 The master is to take care that one man always stand senti- 
 nal in a sentinal posture without the watch-house, to hearken 
 diligently after the watchmen, and see that no man come 
 near the watch-house or court of guard ; no not those of 
 the present watch who have been walking the road, but that 
 he require them to stand, and call forth the master of the 
 watch to question, proceed or receive them as he shall see 
 cause. The master of the watch is also to see that none of 
 the watchmen sleep at all, and that none of their guns re- 
 main uncharged till the watch break up, and also that no 
 man lay aside his arms while the watch contmues.'- 
 
 One can readily imagine the frightful state of excite- 
 ment and alarm occasioned the inhabitants by the operations 
 of this worthy watch. What between tiring guns, bawling 
 out "fire, fire," and ''arm, arm," when their duties so de- 
 manded, these watchmen must have been in a perpetual 
 state of delirium, occasioned by the exciting nature of their 
 occupation, riot to mention the agitated feelings of the pub- 
 lic at large. 
 
 Each of the New England colonies had its military 
 chieftain. A captain was as necessary as a magistrate. The 
 former had the ordering of all martial affairs, as setting and 
 ordering of watches, exercising and training of soldiers ; 
 and be ready at all times to do whatsoever service the occa- 
 sions of the town demanded. Captain Nathaniel Turner, 
 (1642) was by virtue of his oflice chief captain of the watch, 
 appointing the watch-masters and designating the watchmen 
 to be subject to each, though not without the approval of 
 
NE\V HAVEN S FIRST POLICE FORCE. 23 
 
 the magistrates. '' It is ordered that a constant and strict 
 watch shall be kept every night in this plantation from the 
 Urst of March to the last of October every year ordinarily, 
 leaving extraordinary cases, either of mildness or of sharp- 
 ness of weather or times of danger, to the governor and 
 mas^istrates, who mav remit or continue the watch lons:er, 
 or increase and order them as seasons and occasions may 
 require." In the ordinary course the watch was every 
 night to consist of one intrusted as master of the watch 
 (who was diligently to attend and observe all the orders 
 made by the court for the watch while they remained in 
 force), and of six other watchmen. The watch-master was 
 appointed yearly, and the six w^atchmen sorted, as was most 
 convenient in respect to the location of their dwellings, by 
 the captain, with approbation of the magistrates. If by 
 death, removal, or any other cause, after the watches were 
 settled in their course for the year, a breach should be made, 
 and so cause an alteration, the captain settled it again, so 
 that the service might go on without interruption or dis- 
 order. 
 
 The orders for the watch, a part of which is quoted as 
 above, did not stop here. The record shows that they were 
 passed "at a court holden" at the time specified, when "all 
 the masters of the watches received their charge and orders." 
 
 When the following rules are added to tlie one already 
 quoted, pandemonium assuredly must have broken loose in 
 the devoted village when this boisterous band was whooping 
 it on the war-path : 
 
24 
 
 " The drnnimer is to beat the drum at the going down 
 of the sun. 
 
 " The master of the watch is to be at the court of guard 
 within lialf an hour after the setting of the sun with his 
 arms complete. 
 
 "All the watchmen are to be there in an hour after the 
 setting of the sun, with their arms complete and their guns 
 ready charged; and if any of them come after the time 
 appointed, or be defective in their arms, they are to pay 
 one shilling fine ; for total absence five shillings fine. And 
 if the master of the watch transgress, either in late coming, 
 defectiveness in arms, or total absence, his fine is to be 
 double to the watchmen's fine in like case. 
 
 " Every master of the watch in his course is to warn both 
 his own watch and the master of the succeeding watch, four 
 and twenty hours before they are to watch, and not do it 
 slightly, but either to do it themselves or to leave the warn- 
 ing with some sufiicient for such a trust. 
 
 " Lastly, if any master of the watch shall fail either in 
 the warning or ordering of the watch in an^^ of the fore 
 named particulars, or shall Ijreak up the watch in the morn- 
 ing before it have been full half an hour daylight, or neglect 
 to complain to one of the magistrates of the neglects or de- 
 fects of an}^ of the watchmen, he is to be fined by the court 
 according to the quality of his offence." 
 
 On Sabbath and lecture days, and other days of solemn 
 worship, the watch was kept at night. It was ordered that 
 ^'the sentinels and they that walk the round in their course, 
 shall dihgently attend their trust and duty, and shall have 
 
NEW haven's first POLICE FORCE. 25 
 
 their matches lighted during the time of meeting, if they 
 serve with matchlock pieces." 
 
 At first all who belonged to the watch, that is to say all 
 persons subject to military service, were required to come 
 every Lord's day to the meeting completely armed ; and all 
 other adult males were required to bring their swords, "no 
 man exempted save Mr. Eaton, our pastor, Mr. James, 
 Mr. Samuel Eaton, and the two deacons." 
 
 Afterward, when the military company had been divided 
 into four squadrons, it was ordered that one squadron in its 
 course should come to public worship with arms complete, 
 and "be at the meeting-house before the second drum hath 
 left beating, their guns ready charged with a fit proportion 
 of match for matchlocks, and flints read}' fitted to their fire- 
 lock pieces, and shot and powder for five or six charges at 
 least." 
 
 Such a guard must have numbered fifty full-armed men, 
 and one hundred and fifty more equipped with swords; 
 thereby giving to the public service quite a military appear- 
 ance; a curious mingling of the church militant and the 
 church triumphant. 
 
 In 1647 "it was propounded that men Avould clear wood 
 and stones from their pale-sides, that the watchmen in dark 
 nio'hts mio'ht the more safelv walk the rounds without hurt 
 thereby." The pales with which the house-lots were in- 
 closed were in some cases five feet high. Tiie avenues 
 which led out of the town-plat were prcvxled with gates, 
 which at night were shut, and doubtless locked. 
 
26 NEW haven's first police force. 
 
 Thus was the budding city protected, within and without, 
 from all kinds of disorderly manifestations, whether the 
 result of youthful folly or downright wickedness, if such 
 could exist in those godly days. 
 
 Xew Haven differed in two important particulars from 
 the other colonies. It was part of its " fundamental law " 
 that only church members should be free burgesses or voters. 
 The second particular was in the disuse of juries. In the 
 plantation courts, and the courts of the jurisdiction, the 
 judges determined all questions of fact, as well as of law, 
 and of discretionary punishment. 
 
 The first election sermon ever preached in Isew Haven 
 was delivered by Mr. Davenport. As assistants to the mag- 
 istrate four deputies were elected, Messrs. Robert Coewman, 
 Matthew Gilbert, IS'athaniel Turner and Thomas Fugill. 
 Robert Seeley, who performed the duties of constable, was 
 entitled "Marshall." He was ordered to "warne courts ac- 
 cording to the direction of the magistrate; to serve and 
 execute warrants ; to attend the courts at all times, to be 
 ready and diligent in his person or by his deputy to exe- 
 cute sentences ; and in all other occasions to attend the ser- 
 vice of the plantation in all things appertaining to his 
 office." The novelty of court meetings soon wore away, 
 and attendance was enforced by compulsory methods. After 
 IS'ovember 7, 16-12, any freeman who failed to put in an 
 appearance before the end of the roll-call, was fined Is. 6d. ; 
 planters who were not freemen atoned for similar absence 
 by the payment of one shilling. The magistrate summoned 
 the General Court through the marshal's warning, and 
 
27 
 
 the meeting assembled at the beating of the town drum. 
 The jurisdiction of the monthly court of Magistrate Eaton 
 and his four deputies was at first wide and vague. He took 
 cognizance of any matters that seemed to the magistrate 
 worthy of immediate decision. He sent drunkards to the 
 whipping-post, registered w^lls and administered estates, 
 heard civil suits, and established the watch with the regula- 
 tions appertaining thereto. 
 
 The influence of the magistrate was paramount in courts 
 of every description. The four deputies chosen in the au- 
 tumn of 1 642 were expressly told that they might assist the 
 court by way of advice, but should have no power of sen- 
 tencing. 
 
 In 1643 the magistrates of the town, four in number, 
 were elected by the Colonial Legislature upon nomination 
 by the freemen. It was the nondescript rabble that made 
 drunkenness prominent in the judicial annals of the town. 
 Drunkenness even invaded the precincts of the church and 
 caused excommunications. 
 
 In a community where every man was an armed police- 
 man, there was a peace oflicer, known by the title of mar- 
 shal. In 1642 he was desired to perform the part of a 
 universal pound-keeper. After January, 1643, Marshal 
 Seely was authorized to receive fees, four pence each for a 
 w^arrant or sunnnons; for serving an "attachment," six 
 pence. Every prisoner, for the privilege of being locked 
 up, must pay to him one shilling. When the town had 
 passed under a colonial government, a stated salary of three 
 pounds per annum took the place of the former fees. In 
 
28 NEW haven's first police force. 
 
 1645, the marshal was ordered to be town crier, and to re- 
 ceive one penny for every "cry" from the owner of the 
 thini? lost, if he could find him. For a short time after 1645 
 the destruction of corn by hogs caused the court to appoint 
 the marshal also as a viewer of fences. In October of the 
 same year he was named keeper of the hooks and hinges of 
 the town gates, "least they be lost." Finally he sustained 
 in part the responsibility of a tithingman. The traditional 
 duties of tithingmen were divided between the corporals 
 and the marshal. In 1653 the marshal received a general 
 commission entitling him to seek out and seize all straying 
 boys on the sabbath, and to bring them into church. 
 
 Next to the marshal in importance and versatility of 
 functions came the Town Drummer. His principal tasks at 
 first were connected with the watch and ward, and he was 
 supported by the watch. Later (1612) every planter was 
 taxed for his support ; his yearly salary averaged from four 
 to five pounds. Kobert Bassett (who was a mixture of rake 
 and harum-scarum) was the most noted of the town drum- 
 mers. He must drum every morning, "lialfe an hour before 
 day in the market place, and in some of the streets." The 
 last watch was ordered to call him one hour before day, and 
 " to walke with him as a guard while he continues beating." 
 The town drumm.er flourished until the advent of the first 
 bell in 1681, and even then he was but gradually suspended. 
 The first Townsmen or Selectmen of Xew Haven were 
 appointed by the court, November 17, 1651. At first their 
 power was hmited to the simple duties of looking "about 
 fences, swine, and all other things in the generall occasions 
 
NEW haven's first POLICE FORCE. 29 
 
 of the towne, except extraordinary charges, matters of elec- 
 tion in May yearly, and tlie disposeing of the towne's 
 land." 
 
 In 1659 the Townsmen were supreme in New Haven's 
 administration. In W(\0, they gained access to the financial 
 management of the town. In proof of the primitive policy 
 of the laws (1665) the following order is quoted: "The 
 Townsmen shall see that at least one roome of the prison 
 is made safe for prisoners." 
 
 In 1668 there were three constables, two for New Haven 
 and one for the "Iron-Worke," as East Haven was called. 
 There were three town election days in the year, one in the 
 spring, when tlie greater number of offices were filled ; one 
 in Sej^tember, to choose Deputies to the fall meeting of the 
 Assembly ; and one in November, for the election of con- 
 stables. 
 
 The marshal had faded out of existence as a public func- 
 tionary, making way for the tithingman. The town, De- 
 cember 16, 1678, commissioned "William Payne and Samuel 
 Hemingway to take a stick or wand and smite such as are 
 unruly, or of uncomely behavior in ye meeting, and to ac- 
 quaynt their parents." On December 16, 1723, seven 
 tithingmen were chosen in town-meeting, two each for the 
 First Society, for West Haven, for East Haven, and one 
 for North Haven. 
 
 Little more need be said about the doings of the city 
 fathers for half a century or more, as the system outlined 
 remained practically the same and was subject to but slight 
 alterations. The tow^n increased considerably, as it may be 
 
30 NEW haven's fiest police force. 
 
 supposed, in wealth and population; and with this prosper- 
 ity came a change of heart in municipal affairs that was not 
 very commendable. In 1782 the first attempt was made to 
 find some better way of caring for the poor, but the result 
 was a failure, and in January, 1783, the selectmen were 
 again commissioned to ''sell the town poor, that they may 
 be supported in the cheapest manner." This brings us to a 
 period fraught with great interest to Xew Haven, when the 
 evolution of a township into a city has to be recorded. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 A PERMANENT WATCH ESTABLISHED. 
 
 Superiuteudents and Chiefs— The Night Watch Discoutinued — Seri- 
 ous Collisions Between Students and Citizens— Major Bissell's 
 Presence bf Mind — The Foundation of the Present Police Sys- 
 tem — A Ne^y Departure in Police Protection. 
 
 After February 10, 1784, the city of 'New Haven was an 
 organized fact. The act of . incorporation secured to the 
 infant city little more than improved judicial machinery. 
 The major part of what was deemed public duty was left 
 to the town. The first business of the first Court of Com- 
 mon Council under the new city charter, was a vote to 
 remove the jail from the public square, where it had stood 
 for over a century by tlie churches on the Green. 
 
 The first action taken l)y the city in regard to police pro- 
 tection was on January 13, 1820, when the common council 
 passed the following : 
 
 " That a niglit watch in and for said city shall be estab- 
 lished and kept under the direction of the Court of Common 
 Council when and so often as in the opinion of said Court, 
 the same shall be expedient, and for that purpose said Court 
 shall appoint not to exceed seven discreet citizens to act as 
 superintendents of the watch and not to exceed fifty discreet 
 
32 A PERMAXEXT WATCH ESTABLISHED. 
 
 citizens to act as watchmen at the pleasure of said Conrt, 
 under such rules and regulations as may from time to time 
 be estabhshed, and in preserving the peace and suppressing 
 disorder, said watchmen shall have while in execution of 
 their duty the same power and authority as are by the laws 
 of the State vested in constables." 
 
 In A^^ril of the same year, it was voted that a list be 
 made of fifty ''discreet" persons, wliose names were to be 
 arranged in alphabetical order and they to serve in squads of 
 eight men each in the order of arrangement, until all had 
 stood their turn. This watch began duty at nine o'clock, 
 after which time, every law abiding person was supposed to 
 be wrapt in slumber, and served until daybreak, on Monday, 
 Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday nights, and on 
 the nights of general elections and college commencements. 
 The Sabbath was kept holy, even by the watch, who ab- 
 stained from watching. 
 
 For their services the superintendents received $1.50 
 per night, and the watchmen were paid §1 between Xovem- 
 ber 1 and April 1. For the remainder of the year twenty- 
 five cents per night was deducted from all, presumably be- 
 cause the weather was less trying and severe. The only re- 
 cpiirement in regard to uniform or equipmerit of the night- 
 watch of this period seems to be found in the regulations of 
 April, 1S20, which made it obligatory upon the night- 
 watchmen to carry suitable staffs, three feet in length. At 
 a later period a star shield was worn. 
 
 Nathan Peck, Luther Bradley, and EHhu Monson were 
 appointed superintendents, and hence were the first chiefs 
 
Hon. Carlos Smith, 
 president board police commissioners. 
 
 Frank S. Andrew, 
 police commissioner. 
 
A PEKMAXENT AVATCH ESTABLISHED. 33 
 
 of police of Xew Haven. Mr. Monson, John Scott and 
 Joel Atwater were appointed the next year, and January 
 IT, 1S2-J:, Mr. Monson, W. H. Ellis, John Scott and Timo- 
 thy Fowler were appointed over a watch of twenty men, to 
 serve when called out by the mayor, in squads of two suj^er- 
 intendents and ten men each. John Scott was the only in- 
 cumbent who was reappointed in 182 6, with Sheldon Hotch- 
 kiss as his colleague. They were succeeded by James C. 
 Parker, Justin Eedfield, Enos A. Prescott and Henry Peck. 
 During 1835 two of the night watchmen were Roger S. 
 Baldwin, afterwards Governor of the state, and Ralph I. 
 Ingersoll, who just missed being President of the United 
 States. The night-watch served from week to week, or 
 longer, and were called out at the discretion of the mayor. 
 In 1836 steps were taken to organize a permanent watch, 
 and Henry Peck and Enos A. Prescott were appointed a 
 committee to prepare plans for such an organization and 
 estimate the probable ex23ense. This action resulted in the 
 appointment, the following spring, of a permanent watch of 
 ten men to serve a year. The appointees were required to 
 give a bond to serve out their term of enlistment. Mayor 
 Flagg was chosen su|)erintendent at a salary of $125 per 
 annum, and the watchmen's compensation was fixed at $1 
 per night. The dreaded Jesse Knevals became captain at a 
 salary of $2 per day, thus receiving the distinction of being 
 the first captain of the watch. But his days of constabulary 
 duty were drawing to a close, and he resigned soon after, 
 being succeeded by Hezekiah Gorham, who was followed 
 in turn by Hezekiah Gilbert and Jobamah Gunn. The lat- 
 
34 A PERMANENT WATCH ESTABLISHED. 
 
 ter by special vote of the common council was allowed, in 
 addition to his salary, the snm of $10 a year for stationery. 
 An economical spirit took possession of the city fathers at 
 this period and the "watch" had been reduced to four men 
 at seyentj-iive cents a night, when in 1842, at a freeman's 
 meeting, the common council was instructed to discontinue 
 the "night-watch" altogether. Mayor Flagg's successors 
 as superintendents of the permanent watch, up to the time 
 it was discontinued, were Enos A. Prescott, Zelotes Day, 
 Eli B. Austin, Morris Tyler, Abraham A. Thompson, Elislia 
 Dickerman, Jr., and Leverett Sheppard, respectively. Mat- 
 ters relating to the night-watch were the principal subjects 
 of debate at the meetings of the common council and often 
 assumed yery considerable proportions. The extended in- 
 fluence of many of the watchmen tended towards the exer- 
 cise of wide liberty on their part in service of the public. 
 From 1843 to 1848 the city had no regular watch. 
 
 Frequent collisions Ijetween students and the " townies," 
 as the local youth were called, and the almost inevitable 
 conflict whenever a fire broke out, caused by the intense 
 rivalry of the various fire companies, augmented the demand 
 for a constalmlary, which was recognized in 1848 by the 
 re-establishment of a permanent watch. Major Lyman 
 Bissell, an ofiicer of the Mexican war, who had already won 
 fame and a national reputation, was appointed captain, and 
 practically assumed the duties of superintendent, that oflice 
 vesting itself, from this time on, in the mayor, cc-ojficio. 
 It was during Major Bissell's seven years' administration 
 that the Xew Haven niolit-watch achieved its cri'eatest dis- 
 
A PERMANENT WATCH ESTABLISHED. 35 
 
 tiiictioii. The red letter night of his administration is thns 
 described by Henry Howe. " Forty years ago the only thea- 
 ter, Ilonian's, was in the Exchange Building, where the 
 town boys and students were wont to gather for amusement. 
 Everything seemed ripening for a mob to culminate in a 
 tragedy. The excitement grew intense, and furious threats 
 filled tlie air from the town boys. About seventy students 
 were there for mutual protection, and when they issued 
 from the hall a mob, numbering thousands, filled the streets 
 in front, awaiting their exit. The police force all told num- 
 bered eighty men, commanded by Captain Lyman Bissell, 
 who had been an ofiicer in the Mexican war. By the advice 
 of Chief Bissell the students moved too;ether on the south 
 side of Chapel street, on a line, two by two, up toward the 
 college, the mob keeping close behind them, filling the air 
 with bowlings. Wlien the students had got nearly to the 
 top of the hill, opposite the club house, the leader of the 
 mob rushed forward and seized a student by the neck. 
 Suddenly he let go his hold, staggered back, and fell dead. 
 A knife in the hands of the student had penetrated his 
 heart. 
 
 .'*The body was taken to the Glebe building. The stu- 
 dents, followed by the mob, reached the campus and retired 
 to their rooms. Soon Chief Bissell heard the rattling of the 
 caisson of a piece of artillery passing in the street. There 
 Avere then no city lamps and the night was pitch dark. He 
 followed the rioters. They loaded the piece to the muzzle 
 with cannon balls, grape-shot, stone, pieces of brick, etc., 
 and drew it up before South College, to batter down the 
 
3b A PERMANEXT WATCH ESTABLISHED. 
 
 walls. But this design was frustrated by Chief Bissell hav- 
 ing spiked the gun ; an act that in all probability prevented 
 a bloody tragedy." 
 
 John C. Hayden succeeded Major Bissell, and served un- 
 til 1857. It was during his term that by-laws, which con- 
 stituted the most elaborate set of rules for the government 
 of the watch up to that time, were adopted by the Court of 
 Common Council. They provided that not to exceed fifteen 
 men with a superintendent and captain, should be appointed, 
 that the mayor, with the consent of a majority of the com- 
 mon council, might remove any ofhcer or watchman for a 
 violation of any of the established rules and if any watch- 
 man neglected to faithfully keep watch, he should forfeit 
 $2 to the city treasury. Mr. Hayden was succeeded by 
 Frederick P. Gorham and Elihu Yale, but in 1860, was 
 again reappointed and his term expired with the old " night 
 watch" system itself, which gave place to a regular police 
 department deriving its authority by a legislative charter, 
 which was the birth-right of the present splendid police 
 department of which New Haven is so justly proud. 
 
 The "watch " which had existed in a more or less organ- 
 ized state since the city was chartered, while of little value as 
 a protection against the dangers to life and property, which 
 threaten a growing seaport city, yet inspired great terror 
 among mischievous boys. One of the most notable of the 
 officers was Dr. John Skinner, who made arrests without 
 warrant from Court or Justice of the Peace, at his own 
 pleasure. He was distinguished by a black mark on his 
 
A PERMANENT WATCH ESTABLISHED. 37 
 
 proiiiiiieiit nasal orgvan, and a sharp voice. Constables Mun- 
 son and Knevals were of the same class. 
 
 Half a century ago the lock-np was on Church street, on 
 the site of the American Hall, later it was moved np the 
 street to a few doors below Chapel and from thence to the 
 Glebe building on the corner. The next removal was to 
 the basement of the old State House where it remained un- 
 til 1861, when City Hall was built. 
 
 In 1S42 a city meeting instructed the common council to 
 abolish the regular standing city watch, and discontinue the 
 employment of regular watchmen. In 1845 the employ- 
 ment of a special night watch was authorized. In 1848 a 
 watch of ten men was appointed. Alderman Isaac Thom- 
 son was made superintendent. 
 
 Jobamah Gunn was the first regular captain of the 
 watch, the second being Hezekiah Gorham. He was fol- 
 lowed in ofiice by William Daggett. I^ext Mr. Gorham's 
 son became captain, and in 1855 Lyman Bissell Avas at the 
 head of the watch. 
 
 Major Bissell was succeeded by John C. Hay den, on 
 July 1, 1855, who served until June 4, 1857. Frederick 
 P. Gorham served from June 16, 1857 to June 22, 1859; 
 Elihu Yale from June 21, of that year, to June 15, 1860; 
 and John C. Hayden was again captain until June 21, 1861. 
 
 When Harmanus M. Welch was mayor, in 1861, John 
 C. Hollister, David J. Peck, William B. Johnson, George 
 H. Watrous and George A. Chapman were appointed a. 
 committee to examine "A Bill for the Organization of a 
 Police Department for the City of Xew Haven," then pend- 
 
38 A PEKMANEXT WATCH ESTABLISHED. 
 
 ing before the General Assembly, and promote its passage. 
 This was the beginning of the foundation of the present 
 police system. 
 
 The first meeting of the Board of Police Commissioners 
 thus created, was held July 6, 1861, when rules for the 
 government of the police force were adopted. In Septem- 
 ber a uniform was adopted for the men. 
 
 SUPEEINTENDEXTS OF THE NIGHT WATCH. 
 
 Xathan Peck, Luther Bradley, Elihu Monson, appointed 
 April 28, 1820. 
 
 Elihu Monson, John Scott, Joel Atwater, appointed 
 September 4, 1821. 
 
 Elihu Monson, William H. Elliott, John Scott, Timothy 
 Fowler, appointed January IT, 1821. 
 
 John Scott, Sheldon Hotchkiss, appointed September 
 11, 1826. 
 
 James C. Parker, Justin Kedfield, appointed September 
 6, 1831. 
 
 Enos A. Prescott, Henry Peck, appointed December 23, 
 1835. 
 
 Henry C. Flagg, Mayor, from June 20, 1837, to 1839. 
 
 Enos A. Prescott, Mayor, from June 21, 1839, to 1811. 
 
 Zelotes Day, Eli B. Austin, Morris Taylor, Abraliam A. 
 Thompson, appointed July 6, 1811. 
 
 Elisha Dickerman, Jr., Morris Tyler, Abraham A. 
 Thompson, Leverett Sheppard, appointed August 2, 1812. 
 
 Abraham A. Thompson, from December 20, 1818, to 
 1818. 
 
A TERM AN EXT WATCH ESTABLISH EI). 39 
 
 Henry Peck, Mayor, from June 11, 1849, to 1S5(>. 
 Aaron K. Skinnei*, Mayor, from June 10, 1850, to 1854. 
 Cliauncey Jerome, Mayor, from June 12, 1854, to 1855. 
 Alfred Blakeman, Mayor, from June 11, 1855 to 1856. 
 Philip S. Galpin, Mayor, from July 7, 185.6, to 1860. 
 HarmanusM. Welch, Mayor, from June 14, I860 to 1863. 
 Morris Tyler, Mayor, from June 3, 1863, to 1865. 
 Erastus C. Scranton, Mayor, from June 6, 1865, to 1866. 
 Lucien W. Sperry, Mayor, from June 5, 1866, to 1869. 
 William Fitch, Mayor, from June 1, 1869, to 1870. 
 Henry G. Lewis, Mayor, from June 7, 1870, to — 
 
 CAPTAINS OF THE WATCH. 
 
 Jesse Knevals, from January 5, 1836, to 1836. 
 Hezekiah Gorham, from July 27, 1836, to 1837. 
 Hezekiah Gilbert, from June 20, 1837, to 1838. 
 Jobamah Gunn, from July 10, 1838, to 1843. 
 *Lyman Bissell, from December 23, 1848, to 1855. 
 John C. Hay den, from June 11, 1855, to 1857. 
 Frederick P. Gorham, from June 15, 1857, to 1859. 
 Elilm Yale, from June 20, 1859, to ie60. 
 John C. Hayden, from June 14, 1860, to 1861. 
 
 •The watch was discontinued Octoher 17, 1843, to 1848. 
 
CHAPTEK lY. 
 
 POLICE DEPARTMEXT OF THE CITY OF XEW HAVEX. 
 
 Abolishment of the Old "W'atch— Terms aud Provisions of the New 
 Law— A Board of Police Commissioners— The Department to 
 Consist of one Chief, one Captain, one Lieutenant, Ordinary Po- 
 licemen, not Exceeding Twenty, aud Fifteen Supernumeraries. 
 
 T^HE old watch was abolished by legislative enactment — 
 entitled '' A Bill to Organize a Police Force for the 
 City of Xew Haven," approved June 27, 1861. This bill 
 established a police force called the Police Department of 
 the City of New Haven. It provided in substance as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 The Court of Common Council held in the city of Xew 
 Haven, after the act should take effect, should choose, by 
 ballot, six citizens of said city, to be and constitute the 
 Board of Police Commissioners ; each member of said Court 
 of Common Council should vote for three persons, and no 
 more, which three persons should be voted for on one piece 
 of paper, and be marked or designed thereon "first," ''sec- 
 ond," and "third;" the two j^ersons voted for marked 
 "first," who received the highest number of votes, should 
 be declared elected for the period of one year f]*om the sec- 
 ond Monday in June, A. D. 1861, and until others were 
 chosen in their place; the two marked "third," who re- 
 
POLICE DEPARTMENT OF THE CITY OF NEW HAVEN. 41 
 
 ceived the highest number of votes, should be declared 
 elected for the period of three years from the said second 
 Monday in June, A. D. 1S61, and until others are chosen 
 in their places. At the second meeting of said Court of 
 Common Council held in each year after the annual city 
 election, said court should choose, by ballot, two citizens 
 members of said Board of Police Commissioners, for the 
 period of three years from the second Monday in June of 
 the year in which they were chosen, and until others w^ere 
 chosen in their places; but no member of the common 
 council should, after the present municipal year, vote for 
 more than one person ; and the two having the highest num- 
 ber of votes should be declared to be elected ; the common 
 council had full power to fill all vacancies that might occur in 
 said board, in the manner indicated, whenever the same 
 might occur. 
 
 The mayor, ex-officio, was chairman of the Board of 
 Police Commissioners, and General Superintendent of the 
 Police Department ; but had no vote in the appointment of 
 any member of the Police Department ; no person should 
 be appointed to any office or place in said department ex- 
 cept he received at least four votes. 
 
 All members of the Police Department should be ap- 
 pointed by the Board of Police Commissioners, and should 
 hold their office or appointment for the period of three 
 years from the second Monday in June of the year in which 
 they were appointed, and until others were appointed in 
 their places, unless sooner removed for cause. 
 
42 POLICE DEPAETMEXT OF THE CITY OF NEW HAVEX. 
 
 Tlie Police Department slioiild consist of one Chief, one 
 Captain, one Lieutenant, any number of ordinary police- 
 men, at the discretion of the commission, not exceeding 
 twenty, and fifteen supernumerary policemen, who might 
 be called into service by the chief, whenever, in the opin- 
 ion of himself or the mayor, their services might be needed. 
 
 The mayor and commissioners to have full power, and 
 it Avas made their duty, to hear and decide upon all com- 
 plaints made against any member of the department, and to 
 give the party or parties complained against reasonable op- 
 portunity to be heard in reference to the subject matter of 
 said complaints ; to describe and define the duties of the 
 various members of the department ; to fix the amount of 
 the salary or wages to be paid to each member; to make all 
 needful rules and regulations for the conduct, government 
 and control of said department, and for the discharge of 
 persons arrested without process, but should receive no 
 compensation for their services ; to have power to suspend 
 from duty any member for a period not exceeding four 
 days, without a hearing. 
 
 The composition of the Board of Police Commissioners 
 was on what has been designated the non-partisan plan. An 
 equal number of commissioners were selected from both the 
 two great political parties, the idea of those who favored the 
 plan being to avoid the domination of one party over the 
 other in the matter of choosing policemen or dismissing 
 them from service. 
 
 The first meeting of the Board of Police Commissioners, 
 organized under the act of 1S61, was held at the mayor's 
 
POLICE DEPARTMENT OF THE CITY OF NEW HAVEN. 43 
 
 office, on the Otli day of Jidy, ISGl. Tliere were present, 
 the mayor, as chairman ; Messrs. Anthony, Blodgett, Reilly, 
 Chatfield, Treat and Fitch. The chairman stated that the 
 commission was called togetlier for the jDurpose of taking 
 preliminary steps toward the organization of the police 
 force, under the law passed by the legislatnre at the May 
 session. Xothing further was done until the 12th of July, 
 when a committee of three, including the chairman, was 
 appointed to prepare rules and regulations for the govern- 
 ment of the police force, and to report the respective sala- 
 ries of officers and men. Messrs. Fitch and Anthony were 
 appointed said committee. This committee's rej^ort was re- 
 ceived and adopted at the next meeting of the board. At 
 the same time the mayor was requested to advise with the 
 city attorney as to the power of the board to declare that 
 policemen should have no perquisites, and also whether the 
 legal fees that might accrue to the policemen should go into 
 the City or Town treasury. Both these questions were an- 
 swered in the affirmative ; w^hereupon the rules and regula- 
 tions were adopted. Merritt Clark and William Grant were 
 appointed policemen by nomination. 
 
 On August 12, 1861, these officers were elected: 
 Jonathan W. Pond, Chief; Wales French, Captain; 
 Owen A. Monson, Lieutenant. 
 
 On the 26th, the following persons were elected police- 
 men : Darby Hanley, Treadwell Smith, Philip Reilly, Lev- 
 erett Howell, Philip Poller, Luther P. Darrow, Peter 
 Sheridan, George A. Baldwin, Jefferson B. Shaw, Henry 
 J. Catlin, William D. Campbell, James Brady. 
 
44 POLICE DEPARTMENT OF THE CITY OF NEW HAVEN. 
 
 These were elected supernumeraries : E. C. Tuttle, Thom- 
 as Kennedy, William P. Addison, A. C. Andrews, John 
 Heal J (1), John Eaj, Hiram W. Smith, Halsey C. Thomas, 
 John E. Lewis, Erank Cook, Lawrence Spillane, Michael 
 Dohertj, John Ward, William X. Schmidt, John Murphy. 
 
 At a meeting held September 12, 1861, it was voted to 
 have the uniform overcoats cut double-breasted, instead of 
 single breasted, as prescribed in the printed rules. Eesolu- 
 tions of sympathy and condolence were passed over the 
 death of Commissioner John W. Fitch. Edward Harrison 
 was elected to fill the vacancy in the board occasioned by 
 the death of John W. Fitch. 
 
 The following rule was adopted (Xov. 9, 1S61): ''That 
 whenever a supernumerary policeman is kept on service 
 for a period of ten successive days, or over, the pay shall be 
 $1.87 1-2 per day, and for a less time of service the pay 
 shall be §1.50 per day." 
 
 This unique reprimand, reminding one of the famous 
 Scotch verdict, " not guilty, but don't do it again," was pro- 
 mulgated March 28, 1862 : 
 
 ''Messrs. John Ward and William Iv. Schmidt: Your 
 case having been heard l)y the Board of Police Commis- 
 sioners, they are of the opinion that you were absent from 
 your beat some part of the night on the 15th of March, 
 1862 ; but in consideration of its being a stormy night, and 
 this being the first case of the kind which has been brought 
 before the Board, they are of the opinion that you ought 
 not to be discharged from the department, but the board 
 expects every man to do his duty, and that hereafter the 
 
POLICE DEPARTMENT OF THE CITY OF NEW IIAVEX. 45 
 
 rules of the board as laid down in the printed books will be 
 strictly enforced." 
 
 The next complaint was not so leniently dealt with. 
 Policeman Francis Cook, having been found guilty of "par- 
 tial intoxication," was suspended from duty for thirty days. 
 
 The board (May 1, 1SG2) authorized the mayor and chief 
 of police to employ from time to time such detectives as 
 they might think best and necessary, until other provisions 
 should have been made ; the chief to report monthly to the 
 board the name of each detective so employed, for what 
 purpose, and the amount expended. 
 
 The salary of the chief was fixed at §850 per annum, 
 that of the captain and lieutenant §650 each, and the pay 
 of ordinary policemen at the rate of §550 each, per annum, 
 to commence on the first day of July, 1862. The ofiicers 
 and patrolmen, each, were allowed to be absent one day in 
 each month, or twelve days during the year; the time of 
 such absence to be at the option of the chief of police ; 
 without deduction of pay for such absence. 
 
 Lieutenant Owen A. Monson was elected captain, vice 
 Wales French, resigned; and policeman Treadwell Smith 
 was elected lieutenant (Sept. 8, 1862.) 
 
 The board empowered the mayor or chief (Dec. 18) to 
 suspend any member of the Police Department from duty 
 for any insulting or abusive language used toward a superior 
 ofiicer, or for breaches of discipline, disobedience of orders 
 or neglect to comply with the rules and regulations of the 
 board. Such suspension not to continue for a longer period 
 than forty-eight hours, without a hearing before the board. 
 
46 POLICE DEPARTMENT OF THE CITY OF NEW HAVEN. 
 
 At a meeting of the board, held June 4, 1S63, the salary 
 list was increased for the ensuing year, as follows : Chief, 
 $900; captain and lieutenant, §700; patrolmen, $600. 
 
 The Board of Police Commissioners appointed by the 
 common council, under the "act to organize a police force 
 for the city of New Haven," as amended by the legislature. 
 May, 1864, was as follows: 
 
 At water Treat, term expired June, 1865. 
 
 Cupriam "Willcox, term expired June, 1865. 
 
 Benj. F. Mansfield, term expired June, 1866. 
 
 Samuel A. Smith, term expired June, 1866. 
 
 Henry S. Dawson, term expired June, 1867. 
 
 Rufus S. Pickett, term expired June, 1867. 
 
 The following were elected : Treadwell Smith, lieuten- 
 ant ; James Stuart, William M. Hyde, Merritt Clark, "Wil- 
 liam Grant, W. D. Campbell, George A. Baldwin, George 
 Butler, Orrin Miller, policemen. 
 
 These policemen were added at the next meeting : Philip 
 Poller, Peter Sheridan, Owen Kelly. 
 
 On July 16, 1864, Elihu Yale was elected chief, and 
 Lucius Kentfield captain ; L. P. Darrow, James Fitzpatrick 
 policemen. 
 
 Rufus S. Pickett was appointed secretary to the board 
 (Aug. 4, 1864), an ofiice which had been hitherto filled by 
 the chief of police. 
 
 The minutes of the Board of Police Commissioners 
 (Sept. 17, 1^64) contain a record of the following case : "Po- 
 liceman Owen Kelly was tried on a charge of assaulting 
 in the station house a prisoner named Bridget Whitney, 
 
POLICE DEPARTMENT OF THE CITY OF NEW HAVEN. 47 
 
 'by cruelly beatino-, bruising, and kicking her, with such 
 force as to cause her to fall upon the floor with such vio- 
 lence as to render her entirely senseless for a time, and se- 
 verely injuring her body and limbs.' " 
 
 The iinding of the board was as follows: "The testi- 
 mony of all the witnesses having satisfied the board that 
 Owen Kelly did at the time and place specified, kick, and 
 push sai(J Bridget Whitney so as to cause her to fall heavily 
 upon the floor, thus partially sustaining the charges made 
 against him by Chief of Police Yale, and his own acknowl- 
 edgments being in accordance with that testimony, it was 
 voted that Owen Kelly, for the offence, should be repri- 
 manded by the mayor, and suspended with loss of pay for 
 five days, to perform duty or not during suspension, as he 
 preferred." 
 
 Truly, a menioi*al)le verdict! 
 
 On October G, 186-i, the salaries were fixed as follows : 
 Chief, $2.75 per day ; Captain, §2.50 per day ; lieutenant, 
 §2.25 per day; policemen, §2.00 per day. 
 
 A committee consisting of Lieutenant Tread well Smith, 
 and Patrolmen Stewart and Wilson, appeared before the 
 board, March 23, 1865, and stated that it was difiicult for 
 the force to live comfortably on their then compensation, 
 said comj^ensation having been less than was paid to the po- 
 lice of other cities. Furthermore, that it would be very 
 difiicult for them to procure new uniforms, "s^'hich were 
 much needed ; unless they were in some way assisted to pur- 
 chase them. Chief Yale made a similar statement. Where- 
 upon the board voted that " in view of the enhanced cost of 
 
48 POLICE DEPARTMENT OF THE CITY OF NEW HAVEN. 
 
 living, and of clothing, the common council be recommended 
 to appropriate the sum of fifty dollars to each of the mem- 
 bers of the regular police force, to assist them in procnring 
 new nniforms ; provided that the nniforms shall be of good 
 quality, and alike in material and style, and in strict con- 
 formity to the regulations." 
 
 The following resolution was passed by the board, Au- 
 gust 9, 1865 : "Resolved, That while the charges against the 
 chief of police are not fully proved, the evidence in the case 
 before the board goes to show a great want of harmony and 
 unity of action between the chief and his subordinates, also 
 a lack of system in the administration of the affairs of the 
 Police Department ; and as the chief is in a degree respon- 
 sible for the conduct of the department, he is jnstly censur- 
 able for failing to promulgate such orders as would prevent 
 such acts as are complained of in the case before the board." 
 
 That the discipline was not quite what it should have 
 been, may be inferred from the following cases, as reported 
 in the proceedings of the Board of Police Commissioners, 
 August 18, 1865 : Supernumeraries Judge, Merrifield, Fitz- 
 patrick and Hutchinson, appeared before the board to an- 
 swer for not responding to the call of the chief, on the 1st 
 instant. Thomas Judge stated that notice to report for 
 duty at the time specified did not reach him. Henry Mer- 
 rifield stated that he was named to go on duty at 12 o'clock 
 (midnight), but did not, on account of accidentally over- 
 sleeping. Pichard Fitzpatrick stated that he failed to re- 
 spond on account of sickness. H. S. Hutchinson stated that 
 his house, in the vicinity of the camp, had been broken 
 
John H. Platt, 
 
 POLICE COMMISSIONER. 
 
 Daniel M. Siieeiian, 
 police commissioner. 
 
POLICE DEPARTMENT OF THE CITY OF NEW HAVEN. 49 
 
 open on the morning of the 11th, and he considered it nec- 
 essary to remain at home to protect liis family. " Yoled : 
 reasons satisfactory." 
 
 The resignation of Chief Elihu Yale was accepted, Oc- 
 tober 0, 1865, and George M. White appointed to fill va- 
 cancy. 
 
 Charges of intoxication against members of tlie force 
 were not infrequent. The board (Xov. 9, 1865) voted "that 
 from and after this date, the Board of Police Commission- 
 ers will dismiss from the police force any member thereof who 
 shall be proved guilty of intoxication;'' and Chief White 
 was instructed to inform every member of the force of^^the 
 above action of the board. 
 
 The per diem compensation of the police force, from 
 and after ISTovember 1, 1865, until May 1, 1866, was: Chief, 
 $3.30; captain, $2.75 ; lieutenant, $2.50 ; patrolmen, $2.25. 
 
 Captain Kentfield appeared before the board Decem- 
 ber 16, 1865, and proj^osed to resign if the charges 
 pending against him were withdrawn or dismissed. Chief 
 White, who preferred the charges, withdrew them with 
 consent of the board ; when Captain Kentfield presented his 
 resignation, which was accepted. At a subsequent meeting 
 Major William A. Lincoln was elected to fill the vacancy 
 caused by the resignation of Captain Kentfield. 
 
 The resignation of George M. White, as Chief of Police, 
 with the reasons therefor, was presented and accepted (Sept. 
 5, 1866). Captain Lincoln was appointed to the vacancy 
 caused by Chief White's resignation. 
 
0(> POLICE DEPAKTMEXT OF THE CITY OF NEW HAVEN. 
 
 The paj of the force was increased as follows : Patrol- 
 men, $2.50 per day; lieutenant, $2.75; captain, $3, to com- 
 mence September 1, 1866. 
 
 Lieutenant Treadwell Smith was made captain, Septem- 
 ber 15, 1866 ; and Patrolman Francis Smith was promoted 
 lieutenant. The compensation of Chief Lincoln was in- 
 creased from $3.30 to $1 per day. 
 
 Messrs. William R. Shelton and Thomas H. Fulton j)re- 
 sented certificates of election to the office of police commis- 
 sioners for three years, from the first Monday of June, 1867, 
 and their names were entered on the rolls of the board. 
 William H. Bradley offered a certificate to the office of po- 
 lice commissioner for the term of three years, from the first 
 Monday of June, 1866, and claimed the seat occupied by 
 Piermont Bradford. The clerk declined to enter his name 
 on the rolls of the board. It was then voted that Piermont 
 Bradford was not entitled to a seat in the commission, there 
 being no record upon tlie doings of the common Council 
 that he was ever elected, and consequently he could present 
 no credentials. 
 
 The police pay-roll for October, 1867, amounted to 
 $2,280.50. 
 
CHAPTER Y. 
 
 POLICE commissioners' peoceedings. 
 
 Not Ahvays Harmonious, but for the Public Good — Resignations and 
 Vacancies — Officials Investigated — Exit Chief Brown — Office of 
 Roundsman Discontinued — Trial of Lieutenant Sheridan — A Tale 
 of a Dog — Some Delinquent Policemen — Office of First and Sec- 
 ond Sergeant Established. 
 
 ^I^HE proceedings of the police commissioners, JSTovember 
 5, 1867, were far from harmonious. This is apart of 
 the record : " Commissioner Peck moved the appointment of 
 a captain on the force. A motion to adjourn was made. 
 Messrs. Fabrique, Peck, Ives and Bradford voted nay, and 
 Messrs. Fulton and Shelton voted yea. The mayor de- 
 clared the board adjourned. Commissioner Fabrique ap- 
 pealed from the decision, and Messrs. Bradford, Ives and 
 Peck sustained the decision. The mayor and Commission- 
 ers Fulton and Shelton withdrew. Mr. Peck Avas appointed 
 chairman, and Mr. Fabrique moved to ballot for captain. 
 Mr. Ives seconded the motion." A ballot was then had 
 which resulted in the choice of Francis Smith as captain to 
 fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Treadwell 
 Smith. 
 
 The pay of the police force for the month of June, 1867, 
 amounted to $2,257.50. 
 
52 POLICE COMMISSIOXERS' PROCEEDIXGS. 
 
 In consideration of there having been a number of va- 
 cancies in the ranks, occasioned by the expiration of their 
 term of office, the chief was called npon to state his opinion 
 of the qualifications of the men whose time had exj^ired, as 
 to their fitness for re-election, with the result that the fol- 
 lowing members were continued : James Stewart, William 
 M. Hyde, William Grant, Peter Sheridan, Owen Kelly, 
 Philip Poller. 
 
 The resignation of Captain Treadwell Smith was re- 
 ceived and accepted (July S, 1867). Francis Smith was 
 made acting captain, and Peter Sheridan acting lieutenant. 
 James T. Mullen was elected lieutenant, August 5, 1S68, 
 and William B. Catlin, captain, August l-i. 
 
 On March 12, 1869, the increase of pay of the police 
 was called up, and after a thorough discussion of the sub- 
 ject the following rates were decided upon, per day : Patrol- 
 men, ?2.T5; roundsmen, $3.00; lieutenants, $3.50; captain, 
 $4.00; chief, $5.00. 
 
 The monthly pay-roll for April amounted to $3,325.75. 
 
 Members of the force employed as detectives were or- 
 dered (Dec. 1, 1869) to do patrol duty, and when an officer 
 w^as wanted by the chief or other officer in command to do 
 detective duty, the chief or other officer selected the proper 
 member of the force for such service. All members of the 
 department were required to wear their uniform when on 
 duty. 
 
 By resolution of the commissioners, the chief was in- 
 structed to keep in his office a proper record, with date, 
 description of articles taken, of all articles found and recov- 
 
53 
 
 ered by officers of the force, or returned to the office, or 
 taken from prisoners or lodgers ; and the chief or officer in 
 command was further instructed to make a written report 
 quarterly of all articles left on hand and uncalled for. 
 
 The resignation of W, A. Lincoln as chief was received 
 and accepted December 27, 1869. 
 
 On the Sth of the following month William J. Bowen 
 was elected chief of police to fill vacancy as above. 
 
 Slowly but steadily the police department kept expand- 
 ing, to keep pace with the constant and rapid growth of the 
 city. Evidence of this fact may be learned in the single 
 item of expenditure. Thus, the salary list for January, 
 IS 70, amounts to $3,^1:94.27. A system of discipline was of 
 slow development. Serious charges had been j^romulgated 
 against Chief Bowen, of conduct unbecoming an officer and 
 a gentleman ; but after a hearing he was exculpated. Offi- 
 cers of lower grade not infrequently fared much worse. 
 Sheriff G. O. Hotchkiss sent a communication to the board 
 complaining that prisoners while in charge of the police 
 had escaped from the station house. An investigation re- 
 sulted in charges being preferred against Policeman Charles 
 B. Dyer, on the ground of letting three prisoners escape. 
 Specification 3 : 
 
 '• In this that the said Charles B. Dyer, at the time and 
 place aforesaid, as a consideration for allowing said Thorne, 
 Adee and Bloomer to escape from his custody, received of 
 the said prisoners certain watches and other articles of value, 
 which he appropriated to his own use." There were three 
 charges preferred against Officer Dyer, (1) absent from 
 
54 
 
 post, (2) malversation in office, (3) conduct unbecoming an 
 officer ; upon all which counts in the indictment he was 
 found guilty, except as to the first and the last. The sen- 
 tence imposed was "that his honor, the mayor, be author- 
 ized to reprimand Officer Charles B. Dyer, as the judgment 
 of the board uj)on said charges." 
 
 There was cause for another investigation of a more gen- 
 eral character. Money was missing from the police office 
 under circumstances that called for the following action: 
 " The board then voted that the mayor write a general vote 
 of censure of the board against the police department for 
 the loss of said money of George W. Lavine from the po- 
 lice office." 
 
 The loss of the time book of the police force occasioned 
 also considerable official perturbation, with the result of an 
 investigation being set on foot. Chief Bowen was called as 
 a witness and testified as to the manner of keeping the time 
 of the force. Captain Catlin testified as to the alterations 
 in the books. Lieutenant James T. Mullen gave evidence 
 as to the alterations made in the time books. Officer Phelps 
 deposed that he was absent one day in the month of June, 
 and that he got paid for it. Other witnesses were heard, 
 who gave similar testimony. It was voted to compare the 
 pay-roll with the tim^e book, and that all extra time allowed 
 to patrolmen be stricken off. This ended the difficulty. 
 
 Chief Bowen was discharged the service on charges em- 
 bodied in the following resolution: "Voted, that William 
 J. Bowen, now acting as chief of police, be discharged from 
 the service for conduct unbecoming an officer, and ineffi 
 
55 
 
 ciencj in the discharge of his duties." (August 30, 1870). 
 
 Captain AYilliani B. Catlin received instructions to act as 
 chief pro tern. 
 
 Officer Andrew J. Carpenter's case is a notable one, as 
 may be inferred from the following: "The board then 
 summed up their decision in the charges against Officer 
 Andrew J. Carpenter, as follows : First charge, drunken- 
 ness. Unanimous, guilty. Second charge, visiting a house 
 of ill-fame. Guilty. Third charge, disorderly conduct. 
 Unanimous, not guilty. The vote of the board on the ques- 
 tion of his dismissal was as follows : ' Yes,' votes 2 ; ' No,' 
 votes 2. The board being at a tie in the absence of his 
 honor, the mayor." 
 
 At a subsequent meeting of the board Officer Carpen- 
 ter was restored to duty as a supernumerary. 
 
 On ]^ovember 22, 1870, the following estimate of ex- 
 penses of the police department for the year ensuing was 
 approved by the board : 
 1 Chief, 85.00 per day . . . '. . $ 1,825 00 
 
 1 Captain, $4.00 per day, 
 1 Lieutenant, $3.50 per day . 
 50 Patrolmen, $2.75 per day . 
 Estimated office expenses 
 
 1,460 00 
 
 1,277 50 
 
 50,187 50 
 
 1,200 00 
 
 Total estimate . . . . . $55,950 00 
 
 All members elected as officers before being qualified 
 by taking the oath of office, were required to present a cer- 
 tificate of physical capacity from Dr. Carrington, the sur- 
 geon of the board. 
 
56 POLICE COMIMISSIONEKS PROCEEDINGS. 
 
 Tlie board instructed the chief to suspend from duty all 
 members of the department against whom charges were 
 preferred, and to immediately notify tlie commissioners of 
 said suspensions and cliarges. 
 
 Strangely enougli, the same officer, Charles B. Dyer, 
 who figured in a case where he was charged, among other 
 thhigs, with malfeasance in office, in allowing three pris- 
 oners to escape, after having first, as alleged, relieved them 
 of certain articles of jewelry and watclies, was on a similar 
 charge, preferred against him, February 15th, 1871, dis- 
 missed from the force. The latter complaint was as fol- 
 lows : Gross neglect of duty. Specification : "In this that 
 the said Cliarles B. Dyer did, on the 2d day of February, 
 1871, receive an order from Captain Catlin, through one ]N". 
 Jennino's, to arrest one Frencli and Healv, who had swin- 
 died said Jennings out of $190 while traveling on the cars 
 between Milford and New Haven, and that the said Dyer 
 did arrest said French and Healy, and have them in his 
 custody, and did allow them to escape on tlie grounds that 
 they had paid said Jennings 880 out of the Sl90 that said 
 French and Healy had in their possession belonging to said 
 Jennings." 
 
 The office of roundsman was discontinued from and af- 
 ter July 8, 1871. This office was restored October 23, 
 following. 
 
 On July 6, 1871, Charles Webster was elected chief of 
 police, William M. Hyde captain, and Peter Sheridan 
 lieutenant. 
 
 Captain Hyde was made acting chief. 
 
67 
 
 A communication to the board was received from 
 Charles Webster declining the appointment of chief of po- 
 lice. The communication was placed on file for future ac- 
 tion. At the next meeting of the board, July 21, the dec- 
 lination of Charles Webster as chief of police was accepted. 
 
 A case that caused considerable comment was brouo^ht to 
 the attention of the board in the shape of specifications and 
 charges preferred by a citizen named A. Yon Steinweke 
 against Lieutenant Sheridan. The former made complaint 
 that at midnight, September 3, his l)ell was rung by a 
 policeman, who demanded admittance on the plea of serving 
 a warrant on account of a dog that had been reported on the 
 premises and was unmuzzled. The officer was refused ad- 
 mittance, the complainant not believing him to be an offi- 
 cer at all. In less than half an hour afterwards his bell was 
 rung again. This time two policemen were at the door. 
 He admitted them into the house. They served a summons 
 calling upon the comjDlainant to a2)pear at the police office 
 at 9 o'clock in the morning. The policemen then went 
 away. In less than an hour his door bell was rung again 
 for the tliird time, two other policemen appearing and 
 arresting Mr. Yon Steinweke. They took him to the police 
 office, where he was interrogated and let go at 3 o'clock in 
 in the morning. Lieutenant Sheridan, as alleged, took the 
 whole responsibility of the arrest and serving of the war- 
 rant, and asserted that he had given orders to the last police 
 callers to bring the prisoner to the police office ''dead or 
 alive." 
 
58 POLICE commissioners' proceedings. 
 
 Mr. Yon Steinweke furthermore deposed that the dog 
 was not his property, but belonged to Captain J. Koch, an 
 inmate of Mr. Yon Steinweke's house ; that the dog on the 
 night in question, and for years past, had worn a collar 
 clearly marked with the full name of the owner ; that the 
 dog was never allowed outside the iDremises, and therefore 
 the city ordinance about muzzling dogs was not violated. 
 
 Lieutenant Sheridan, upon the charges, was suspended 
 from duty for ten days. 
 
 The estimate of the department was made out and ap- 
 proved October 23, ISTl, as follows: 
 Salary of Chief of Police 
 Salary of Captain of Police . 
 Salary of Lieutenant of Police 
 Salary of fifty Policemen 
 Salary of five Sunday Watchmen . 
 Extra duty (supernumeraries) 
 Office expenses 
 
 $57,600 00 
 Roundsman Phelps, soon as appointed, began to peform 
 his duty in a very energetic fashion, and very many delin- 
 quent policemen were brought to book accordingly; the 
 board as usual taking lenient views of such departures from 
 the straight path of duty. Kor did Roundsman Phelps 
 himself escape having charges preferred against him for in- 
 fraction of the rules. 
 
 On motion of Commissioner Wright it was decided that 
 '* the number of the present effective force of the depart- 
 
 . $ 1,825 
 
 00 
 
 1,460 
 
 00 
 
 1,277 
 
 50 
 
 . 50,187 50 
 
 650 
 
 00 
 
 1,000 
 
 00 
 
 1,200 
 
 00 
 
POLICE commissioners' PROCEEDINGS. 
 
 59 
 
 inent be increased iifty men." Tlie pay of patrolmen, on 
 and after January 1, 1873, was increased to $3 per day; 
 and the salary of the chief was fixed at $2,500 per year. 
 
 The estimates of the department for the year 1873 were 
 as follows : 
 
 Chief . . . ' . 
 Captain 
 Lieutenant 
 85 Patrolmen 
 5 Sunday Watchmen 
 Extra duty (supernumeraries 
 Oifice expenses, 
 Fair Haven Station 
 Telegraph 
 
 $ 2,500 00 
 1,642 50 
 1,460 00 
 93,075 00 
 650 00 
 1,000 00 
 1,500 00 
 2,000 00 
 3,000 00 
 
 Total : . . . . . $106,827 50 
 
 J. Murray Fairchild was instructed to forthwith erect, 
 under the supervision of the board, the police alarm tele- 
 graph. 
 
 Charles W. Allen was elected chief of police, from the 
 13th day of December, 1872. 
 
 The chief was empowered to detail from the police force 
 such officer or ofiicers as he might require from time to 
 time to act as detectives until further orders. 
 
 An additional roundsman was aj^pointed July 11, 1873. 
 • The ofiice of first and second sergeant was established 
 September 3, 1873. Treadwell Smith was elected first 
 sergeant and George F. Selleck second sergeant. 
 
CHAPTEE TI. 
 
 SERIOUS CHARGES PREFERRED BY THE MAYOR. 
 
 A Police Mutual Benefit Aid Association— Meritorious Service Re- 
 warded — Cutting Down Expenses— The Mayor Charges that the 
 Efficiency of the Force has been Sadly Demoralized — An Investi- 
 gation Ordered— Chief Allen Implicated— He is Exonerated, and 
 the Mayor's Charges not Sustained — Police Telephone Stations — 
 The Force organized. 
 
 TT PETITIOIST was presented by a committee of the 
 police force asking the consent of the board to the 
 organization by the patrohnen of a Police Mutual Benefit 
 Aid Association. Upon motion the board voted to grant 
 the petition, provided that the articles of association first 
 receive the sanction of the board. The cliief of police was 
 instructed to communicate with the patrolmen and inform 
 them that the articles of association must be laid before the 
 board for approval. 
 
 It having been deemed necessary in the course of these 
 pages to make reference to the escapades of delinquent po- 
 licemen, it is pleasant to record the following case as a 
 sample of meritorious service, common enough in the de- 
 partment : 
 
 ''Yoted— That Officer Stanford is entitled to the com- 
 mendation of the board, for his prompt, efficient and officer- 
 
SERIOUS CHARGES PREFERRED BY THE MAYOR. 61 
 
 like conduct upon the occasion of the arrest of Thomas 
 Donohoe, on tlie 0th day of August last,, and for bringing 
 said Donohoe in with great peril to himself, and under cir- 
 cumstances which required great personal bravery; and 
 tliat this vote be posted upon the bulletin l)oard for one 
 week.-' 
 
 The following resolution was approved May 4, 1875 : 
 " Whereas, it is incumbent upon every department of our 
 municipal government in the present state of affairs to make 
 the financial burdens as light as possible; and, Whereas, 
 we believe that our police force may be slightly reduced 
 without detriment to the city; therefore, be it Resolved, 
 that until further ordered by this board, said force shall not 
 exceed eighty patrolmen." 
 
 Chief Charles W. Allen, January 30, 18 77, addressed 
 the following communication to the Board of Police Com- 
 missioners : 
 
 " As his honor the Mayor in his message to the honor- 
 able Court of the Common Council, delivered January 26, 
 1877, has made the following serious charges touching the 
 police department, to wit : 
 
 ^' That the department ' has through the power and influ- 
 ence of its head been prostituted from its legitimate pur- 
 poses to subserve personal and political ends,' that ' the 
 efliciency of the force has been sadly demoralized by gross 
 partiality shown to men on the force, and other grave 
 charges which will be substantiated if necessity calls for 
 them.' 
 
62 SERIOUS CHAKGES PEEFEREED BY THE MAYOR. 
 
 '' As your honorable body is by the charter invested with 
 the sole jurisdiction concerning the subject matter of these 
 charges, and is empowered to correct such evils if they ex- 
 ist, it would seem eminently proper to present such charges 
 to a tribunal charged by the law with the duty of investi- 
 ffatino- them. . . . 
 
 '' If the department ' has been prostituted to personal and 
 political ends or is demoralized by gross partiality shown to 
 men on the force,' as charged, I am not conscious of it." . . . 
 
 Commissioner Sloat presented a resolution in substance 
 as follows : " This Board is impressed with the gravity of 
 these charges proceeding from such a high source. 
 
 '' Resolved, That this Board respectfully request that his 
 Honor the Mayor will at his earliest convenience place this 
 Board in possession of such specific charges and evidence as 
 will enable it to proceed to an investigation." 
 
 Mayor W. R. Shelton replied as follows : " I hereby 
 make the following charges against the Chief of Police, 
 Charles W. Allen, Esq. : 
 
 " 1. That the department has through the power and in- 
 fluence of its head, been prostituted from its legitimate pur- 
 poses to subserve personal and political ends. 
 
 " 2. That the efliciency of the force has been demoralized 
 by the gross partialities shown to men on the force. 
 
 " 3. That money has been extorted by the Chief of Police 
 for the recovery of stole property, in violation of Rule II. 
 
 "4. That the Chief of Police has contributed money and 
 influence to carry primary meetings and elections in viola- 
 tion of Rule 67." 
 
SERIOUS CHARGES PREFERRED BY THE MAYOR. 63 
 
 The animus that prompted the above charge may be 
 gathered from the following extract from the Commission- 
 ers' report : 
 
 " The evidence offered in this connection seems bur- 
 dened with the opinion that the chief labored with the 
 force to the end that William R. Shelton might be defeated 
 because the chief was personally hostile to that candidate." 
 
 After an extended review of the evidence, the chief 
 was exonerated on all counts. 
 
 It was voted that twenty-iive cents per day be added to 
 the salary of patrolmen, dating from the first day of July, 
 IS 77 to January 1, 1878. It was also voted to grant an in- 
 crease of pay of ten per cent, to the salaries of the chief, 
 captain and lieutenant, commencing from October 1, 1877, 
 and ending January 1, 1878. 
 
 Salaries were ordei-ed as follows, March 11, 1878 : 
 
 Chief, $1,800 ; Captains, S3. 50 per day ; Lieutenant, 
 $3.25 i^er day ; patrolmen, $2.50 per day. 
 
 The office of Seargeant was abolished and Seargeants 
 Smith and Sellick were instructed to act as roundsmen. 
 
 Upon charges of inefficiency and gross neglect of duty, 
 Charles W. Allen was removed from the office of Chief of 
 Police, February 19, 1879. 
 
 Charles Webster was elected Chief of Police, vice Allen 
 removed. 
 
 Upon the recommendation of the chief, the monthly 
 drill was discontinued and a quarterly inspection substi- 
 tuted. The Xew York style of police hat was adopted. 
 
64 SERIOUS CHARGES PREFERRED BY THE MAYOR. 
 
 The salary of Chief of Pohce from and after Sej^tember 
 Ij 1ST9, was fixed at $2,200. 
 
 The pay roll for August was §6,570.58; Sunday bills, 
 S90.35. 
 
 On the 2Ttli of January, ISSl, the payroll was approved 
 as follows : Chief, 82,500 per annum ; Captain, $3.75 per 
 day ; Lieutenant, §3.50 per day ; patrolmen, §2.75 per day. 
 These rates go into effect from and after the 4th day of 
 January, 1881. 
 
 These figures were corrected in the following manner, 
 at the next meeting of the board; "The pay of the captain 
 shall be §1.19 1-2, and that of the lieutenant §3.65 per day, 
 during the months of March and April, 1881, and there- 
 after the pay of the captain shall be §4.12 1-2 per day, and 
 that of the lieutenant §3.75 1-2 per day." 
 
 William O'Keefe and Treadwell Smith were elected 
 roundsmen May 2, 1882. 
 
 The pay of sergeants was increased fifty cents, and that 
 of roundsmen twenty-five per cent, per diem. 
 
 On January 2, 1883, the pay of patrolmen was fixed at 
 §3 per diem, commencing December 1, 1882; the pay of 
 detectives at §3.25, and of roundsmen at §3.12, to com- 
 mence January 1, 1883. 
 
 The board voted that policemen wounded or otherwise 
 disabled while making or attempting to make arrests, or in 
 the faithful discharge of any specially perilous official duty 
 should be entitled to full pay during the time necessarily 
 lost in recovering their health. 
 
 The pay-roll for June, 1883, amounted to $8,254.46. 
 
Edward Do^yNS, 
 
 CITY CLERK AND EX-OFFICIO CLERK BOARD 
 POLICE COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 Tread WELL Smith, 
 
 SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE. 
 
SERIOUS CHAKGES PKEP^ERKED BY THE MAYOR. f)5 
 
 W. II. Meiulall, agent for the Fire Alarm Telegraph 
 Company, appeared before the board and explained the 
 working of the system. The company, he said, would fur- 
 nish the city with ten stations, central ofHce apparatus and 
 i-ent the wire for $2,750; or they would rent it to the city 
 for a year at $50 per station, with the privilege to the city 
 to buy the same (except the telephones and transmitters). 
 If at the end of a year the city should decide to buv the 
 system, the sum of 8300 w^ould be deducted from the pur- 
 chase price. 
 
 Commissioners Hart and Gatlin were appointed a com- 
 mittee to contract for one year's rental at $50 a year for 
 each station, with the privilege of buying the same. 
 
 This contract liavino- been entered into, the followiuir 
 places were designated as police tele23lione stations : 
 
 1 . Corner West Water and Hill. 
 
 2. Corner DeWitt street and Columbus avenue. 
 
 3. Corner West street and Congress avenue. 
 •I. Corner Cedar street and Congress avenue. 
 5. Corner of Oak and Orchard sti-eets. 
 
 (). Corner of AYebster street and Dixw^ell avenue. 
 
 7. Corner of Orchard and Henry streets. 
 
 8. Corner of Munson street and AVinchester avenue. 
 
 9. Corner of Trumbull street and Whitney avenue. 
 1(). Corner of State and Bradley streets. 
 
 Captain Peter Sheridan resigned from the department 
 November 12, 1883. 
 
 A new rule was adopted retiring policemen who had at- 
 tained the age of 55 years. 
 
66 SERIOUS CHARGES PREFERRED BY THE MAYOR. 
 
 Treadwell Smith was elected captain, January 1, lS8i; 
 William O'Keefe was made first lientenant, James Winn 
 second lieutenant; first sergeant and hack inspector. Lent 
 Bishop; second sergeant, William K. Schmidt; third ser- 
 geant, All)ert Bradley; first roundsman, John Driscoll; 
 second roundsman, William E. McBride. 
 
 The rule adopted at the meeting held January 1, 188i, 
 in regard to retirino^ policemen at the age of 55, was amended 
 by adding, ''at which time claim may be made for future 
 service and granted at the disci-etion of the commissioners, 
 based on the physical condition and the high degree of 
 efficiency of the applicant." 
 
 That such a resolution as the following should l)e called 
 for is the chief interest attached to it, officially or histori- 
 cally : 
 
 " ISTo member of the department shall endorse any ap- 
 j^lication for license for the sale of spirituous or intoxica- 
 ting liquor ; or become surety on a bond for any person ob- 
 taining such a license." 
 
 The following rulfes were adopted Jnly 1, 1SS4: ''That 
 the ordinary policemen, described under the rules as super- 
 numeraries of the department, l)e hereafter divided into the 
 following grades : Ordinary policemen of the first grade ; 
 ordinary policemen of the second grade ; ordinary police- 
 men of the third grade ; supernumeraries of the first grade ; 
 supernumeraries of the second grade. 
 
 ''That for any day of actual service rendered by them. 
 ordinary policemen of the first grade shall be paid 83 : oi'di- 
 nary policemen of the second grade, 82.75 ; ordinary police- 
 
SERIOUS CHARGES PREFERRED BY THE MAYOR. G7 
 
 Hieii of the tliird grade, $2.50; supeniuiueraries of the first 
 grade, $2.25. Doormen hereafter appointed to be paid the 
 same amount as ordmarj policemen of the third grade." 
 
 The board exercised tlie right to transfer, promote, or 
 I'eihice the mend)ers belonging to any of the grades, as in 
 tiieir opinion the interests of the department might re- 
 (piire. 
 
 The city auditor was requested to cause the police head- 
 quarters to be suitably draped in memory of Charles Wel)- 
 ster, late chief of police, who died Decend)er 30, ISSJ:. 
 
 Ilis successor was elected in the person of Charles F. 
 Bollman, July 13, 1S65, at a salary of $2,500 per annum. 
 
 The death of Timothy J. Crowley, late clerk of the 
 board of police commissioners, took place October 10, 1885. 
 
 The chief was instructed to examine the law relative to 
 the right of policemen to carry firearms, and to endeavor to 
 secure the passage of such legislation as would permit po- 
 licemen to carry firearms, if any such legislation w,as deemed 
 necessary. 
 
 The following amendment to the rules was adopted, 
 August 31, 1886: 
 
 '' That the letters used to designate the different grades 
 of the police force be and they hereby are re-arranged, as 
 follows: the active supernumeraries of the lowest or the 
 fifth grade to be known as grade E, instead of grade A. 
 The f(jurth or advanced grade of active supernumeraries to 
 be known as grade D, instead of grade B. The permanent 
 force of the third grade to be known as grade C, instead of 
 grade A. The second grade to be known as grade B, as at 
 
68 SERIOUS CHARGES PREFERRED B\ THE MAYOR. 
 
 present. The first and liigliest grade to be known as grade 
 A, instead of grade C." 
 
 Having reached his twenty-fiftli year of service in the 
 department, the board passed resohitions complimenting 
 Captain WilHam H. Hyde, as an honest and efficient officer. 
 
 The substitute set of rnles of the '' Veteran Eeserves,'^ 
 were adopted, as follows : 
 
 ''Sectiox 1. An honorary grade of the police force of 
 the city of Xew Haven is hereby constituted, which shall be 
 known as the 'Veteran Eeserve,' and which shall be gov- 
 erned by the following rules : 
 
 "Sec. 2. The board of police commissioners may in its 
 discretion, by the unanimous vote of a full board, transfer 
 to the Veteran Reserve, any member of the police of this 
 city who shall through age or physical disabilities incurred 
 in the discharge of pei'ilous duty, or in long and faithful 
 service upon the force, become permanently disqualified for 
 the more active and efficient duties of his position, as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 " Sec. 3. To any such jnember of the force who, while 
 in the active performance of his duties, and without fault or 
 misconduct on his part, and for causes before stated, shall 
 become unfitted for full police duty, a sum may be paid not 
 to exceed one-half or less than one-fourth his rate of com- 
 pensation per annum. 
 
 '' Sec. 4. Any member of the police force who has or 
 shall have performed duty therein for a period of twenty 
 years or more, upon his own application in writing, or upon 
 the certificate of the police surgeon, that he is permanently 
 
SERIOUS CHARGES PREP^ERRED BY THE MAYOR. (V.) 
 
 disabled or disqHalified for full police duty, may, l)v the 
 unaniHious vote of the full board, ])e transferred to the 
 A^eterau Eeserve grade during hi* life, and be paid not less 
 than one-third or more than one-half of his previous rate of 
 compensation. 
 
 '' Sec. 5. All members of the force thus transferred to 
 the Veteran Reserve shall be subject to the rules and regu- 
 lations of the department, and in all cases will be required 
 to report each day to headquarters and perform from three 
 to six hours daily service, unless excused by the chief. The 
 chief shall report the condition of the Veteran Reserves at 
 each regular meeting of the board." 
 
 The committee on efficiency of the force, to which was 
 referred the matter of making a rule in the case of drunk-^ 
 enness of members of the police department, reported the 
 following, January 3, ISSS: 
 
 ''Voted, That the section of the general rules for the 
 government of the police department be amended : 
 
 ''First, by inserting at the beginning of said section the 
 following paragraph: Any member of the 2:>olice force 
 found guilty of intoxication while on duty shall be dis- 
 missed from the department.'' 
 
 It was urged on the members of the police department, 
 specially detailed or regularly patroling their beats, to exer- 
 cise the closest vigilance in detecting, and j^rompt and de- 
 cisive action in l)ringing to justice, all violators of the liquor 
 law. 
 
 This minute appears in the proceedings of the police 
 board, December S, 1SS8 : " It was voted that the president 
 
70 SERIOUS CHARGES PREFERRED BY THE MAYOR. 
 
 of the board give the police a lecture in reference to pa- 
 patroling their beats." 
 
 A committee consisting of Commissioners Hai*t and 
 Andrew, reported the draft of an act amending the charter 
 of the city of Xew Haven, the main features of wliich may 
 be cited as follows : 
 
 The police department to consist of one supei'intendent, 
 not more than four captains, eighteen sergeants, two ma- 
 trons, and such number of regular 2:>olicemen as the l)oard 
 of police commissioners might from time to time designate 
 and jDrescribe, and not more than fifty supernumeraries. 
 All officers and members of the department to be elected by 
 the board of police commissioners by ballot, and sul)ject to 
 removal at the will of said board. All elections and ap- 
 pointments, all 2>i*omotions and reductions iu rank, and 
 removals from office, should only be effected by the affirm- 
 ative votes of at least four commissioners. The board tixed 
 the rate of compensation of all members of the department, 
 defined their duties, and made all the necessary rules for 
 tlie government thereof. The board heard and determined 
 all complaints against any member of the department, 
 ^lembers of the force disabled in the performance of duty 
 to receive from the de2:>artment during life time a sum not 
 exceeding §400, paid in monthly installments. The sum of 
 $2,000 to be paid to the widow, or other person dependent 
 upon any member of the police force who should have been 
 killed while in the actual performance of duty, or should 
 have died from the effects of any injury received while in 
 the actual discharge of such duty. The board of police 
 
SERIOUS CHARGES TKEFEKKED BY THE MAYOR. 71 
 
 coininissioiiers to be a board of trustees of said reserve fund, 
 and tlie treasurer of the city of IS'ew Haven, tlie treasurer 
 of said fund. 
 
 Commissioners Hart and Andrew, reporting as a com- 
 mittee, October 1, 18S9, recommended that two reporting 
 stations be estabhshed ; one in tlie south-westerly portion, 
 and the other in the northerly part of the city ; at an outlay 
 for land and buildings of a sum not exceeding $15,000. 
 Also, that as soon as these buildino-s were readv for occu- 
 pancy, the offices of lieutenant and roundsman be abolished ; 
 that the number of captains be increased to four, and ser- 
 geants to sixteen, including three detectives, and three ad- 
 ditional men appointed for regular patrol. In the opinion 
 of the committee these changes would increase the annual 
 pay-roll about 812,000. 
 
 The annual pay-roll for the department for 1890 was 
 $130,000. 
 
 Roundsmen McEride and Cook and Detectives Eeilly 
 and Brewer, Officers Storemont, Crocker, Bergen, Wood- 
 ruff, McGann, Bussell, Tiernan, Orr, John McGrath and 
 Cowles were elected sergeants March 4, 1891. 
 
 Supt. Charles F. Bollman, on May 5, 1891, in a commu- 
 nication to the board, said that inasmuch as he contemplated 
 a change in the early fall, which would necessitate giving 
 up his official position, he deemed it proper to acquaint the 
 board with his intentions. He therefore tendered his resig- 
 nation as superintendent of police, to take effect October 1, 
 1891. 
 
iZ SERIOUS CHARGES PREFERRED BY THE MAYOR. 
 
 The board received his resignation with expressions of 
 regret at the loss the department was about to sustain in the 
 retirement of so able and devoted an official. 
 
 On Jnne 30, 1S91, Treadwell Smith was elected super- 
 intendent of police, his promotion to take effect October 1, 
 1891. 
 
 By resolution of the board patrolmen on beats centering 
 at or near telephone stations were instructed to make fre- 
 cpient reports by telephone to their respective station houses, 
 at such liours a^ the chief might direct. 
 
 The rule causing the retirement of policemen at the age 
 of 55 years caused much dissatisfaction. The board voted 
 that members of the police force ''hereinafter permanently 
 appointed," who maintain a good record should be honora- 
 bly discharged at the age of 55 years; at which time claim 
 might be made for further service, and granted at the dis- 
 cretion of the commissioners, based on the physical condi- 
 tion and the high degree of efficiency of the applicant. 
 
 The department adopted the system of service stripes, 
 desiojnatino' the leno^th of connection with the force : officers 
 to wear one gilt stripe for each period of live year's service, 
 and pati'olmen to wear one blue strij)e for each similar 
 period of service. This regulation to take effect from the 
 first day of January, 1892. 
 
 From 1862 to 18T(>, inclusive, the police year ended with 
 May 31; in 1871 and 1872, with December 31; in 1873, 
 and all subsequent years, with Xovember 30. Hence the 
 
SERIOUS CHARGES PREFERRED BY THE MAYOR. 73 
 
 police year of 1S62 was nine month; ISTl, nineteen montlis; 
 1873, eleven montlis ; and all following years, twelve 
 months. 
 
CHAPTEK YIL 
 
 POLICE PKOCEEDIXGS AS AXXUALLY REPORTfZD. 
 
 Chief Pond's First Animal Report— Tlie Department and all Things 
 Appertainino; in Good Condition— A System of Uniform Promoted 
 Discipline, and Improved the General Condition of the Depart- 
 ment — No Riots or Distnrbances — Statistics of Arrests — Xnmer- 
 ical Strength of the Force— Detective Department Methods. 
 
 Year Exdixg Juxe 1, 1862. 
 T^HE report of Chief J. AY. Pond, for the year ending 
 June 1, 1S62, contains the following: The present 
 police force was organized on the 27tlidaYof Angnst, 1861, 
 in accordance with an act of the legislatnre, passed at the 
 May session, 1861. At the time of the organization the 
 force consisted of one chief, one captain, one lieutenant, 
 fourteen regular policemen, and fifteen supernumerary -po- 
 1 icemen. The only changes which haye occurred in the reg- 
 ular force haye been the resignation of Patrolman Leyerett 
 Howell, and the subsequent filling of the yacancy by the 
 appointment of "William M. Hyde, and the appointment of 
 two additional patrolman; so that, at the present time, the 
 department consists of forty-four men, including three ofii- 
 cers, sixteen regular ^^olicemen, and fifteen supernumerary 
 policemen. 
 
POLICE PROCEEDINGS AS ANNUALLY PEroKTED. 7o 
 
 The department and all things pertaining to it was in 
 gO(xl condition and particnlarly in regard to the physical 
 condition of its members. The police nniform, wliich had 
 been introduced and adopted during the year, was a great 
 improvement on the old system, and, in fact, no general 
 and thorongh system of nniform, for all seasons, had ever 
 previously been used in the Xew Haven police department ; 
 tlie adoption of which measure had promoted the discipline, 
 altered the character, and improved the general condition of 
 the department, more than any other matter connected with 
 the police since its organization. Experience had proved 
 that a well-known uniform carries an influence with it, 
 which, in the prevention and suppression of disturbances 
 and 1) reaches of the peace, was Avortli several men. He, the 
 chief, would rather have two men in uniform, than half a 
 dozen unnniformed. The men„ in their uniform, including 
 their badges and emblems, presented an apj^earance, for re- 
 spectal)ility, second to no like department in the country 
 and was very creditable to the city. 
 
 During the past year the police have been able to pre- 
 serve the peace in a remarkable degree, considering their 
 number, and the character and duties they had to perform ; 
 no sei-ious riots or disturbances had occurred; and consider- 
 ing the number of policemen, in proportion to the popula-* 
 tion, and the area of the city, some portion of which, and 
 those at tlie greatest distance from the station house, requir- 
 ing the constant attendance of policemen to give adequate 
 protection and satisfaction to the citizens residing in these 
 localities, the police had done all that could have been rea- 
 
76 POLICE PROCEEDINGS AS AXXUALLY REPORTED. 
 
 sonably expected. The number of policemen was less, in 
 proportion to population, than in other cities, notably Xew 
 York, Hartford, Brooklyn and Albany. 
 
 The following shows the number of arrests made by 
 the police during the year: Males, 1,306; females, 233: 
 total, 1,539. 
 
 Year Ending June 1, 1863. 
 
 According to the chief's report for the following year 
 (June 1, 1S63), the changes which had occurred in the reg- 
 ular force during the year we]-e : The resignation of Captain 
 AVales French, September 2, 1862 ; the resignation of Pa- 
 trolman Luther P. Darrow, Xovember IT, 1862; and the 
 resignation of Pati'olman Jefferson B. Shaw, February 23, 
 1863; the promotion of Lieutenant O. A. Monson to the 
 office of captain, September, 8, 1862, vice Captain Wales 
 French, resigned; the promotion of Patrolman Treadwell 
 Smith to the office of lieutenant, vice Lieutenant O. A. 
 Monson, promoted to the office of captain ; the appointment 
 to the regular force of Edwin D. Tucker, Freeman M. 
 AViser, and Thomas Kennedy, in the places severally made 
 vacant by the promotion of Treadwell Smith to the office of 
 Lieutenant, and by the resignation of Messrs. Darrow and 
 Shaw. 
 
 The department consisted of thirty-four members, in- 
 cluding one chief, one captain, one lieutenant, sixteen regu- 
 lar and fifteen supernumerary policemen. 
 
 On the 9th day of September, 1862, the department took 
 possession of the new rooms provided for it in the Hall of 
 Records. 
 
POLICE PROCEEDIXOS AS ANNUALLY KKPORTKD. 77 
 
 There was arrested during the year: ^Liles, 1,45(»; fe- 
 males, 3SS : total, 1,S38. 
 
 Year Ending May 31, ISOl. 
 
 The principal lahors of the department during the year 
 ending May 31, 1S(U, were discharged in a highly satisfac- 
 tory manner. By the limitations of the statute under which 
 the force was organized, the terms of office of the chief, 
 captain, lieutenant and thirteen members of the regular 
 force, and eight members of the supernumerary force, ex- 
 pired on the 13tli of June, 1864. 
 
 Throughout the last year, and more especially during 
 the last six months, the chief had been greatly embarrassed 
 upon extra occasions to obtain the requisite number of men 
 to perform the duties recpiired. This was attributable, in a 
 measure, to the great demand for mechanics and laborers of 
 all kinds, and the high wages which their services com- 
 manded. Supernumerary policemen, earning more at their 
 several vocations, did not care to interru2)t their regular 
 business for the purpose of doing an occasional dav or 
 night's duty as a policeman. In view of these facts, the 
 chief renewed the suggestion made in a former report, that 
 it might be better to leave the number and extent of the 
 police force to the discretion of the board, rather than to 
 have it limited, as at present, by statute. 
 
 Year Ending June, 1865. 
 
 The whole number of men employed, according to the 
 repoi't of Chief Elihu Yale, was twenty-three, including 
 officers. There were twelve supernumeraries. The city 
 was divided into seven beating wards or districts, and the 
 
78 POLICE PR0CEP:DIXGS as AXXUALLY EEPORTEI). 
 
 men were assigned to duty as follows : Fourteen for night 
 duty, and six for the day; this arrangement of labor having 
 been found to be most advantageous for the general wel- 
 fare of the city. At no time since tlie establishment of a 
 police system in Xew Haven, had the city been so well 
 guarded during the night season as it now Avas, and the 
 present arrangement was probably as good, so said the chief, 
 as could be devised with tlie number of men in tlie force. 
 
 Whole number of arrests, 1,749. 
 
 Year Endixo Jcxe 1, 1866. 
 
 As at present oig-anized. the regular police force of the 
 city consisted of a chief, a captain, a lieutenant, and twenty- 
 five patrolmen; five patrolmen having been added during 
 the year. There were also fifteen supernumerary police- 
 men. The following changes took place in the force dur- 
 ing the year : 
 
 George M. White, chief, appointed October 9. 
 
 William A. Lincoln, captain, appointed January 4. 
 
 Xumber of arrests, 2,023. 
 
 The assignment of the force for duty was as follows: 
 Of the twenty-five regular patrolmen, seven Avere detailed 
 for day duty, and seventeen for night duty, one man being 
 kej^t on such miscellaneous duty as the various complaints 
 made at the office necessitated. The division of labor was 
 believed to be as judicious as any that could have been de- 
 vised for the small number of men at command, yet it fell 
 far short of securing that effective patroling of the city 
 which the public expected, and which security to life and 
 property imperatively demanded. 
 
POLICE PKOCEEDIXGS AS ANNUALLY KEPORTKD. it> 
 
 There were within the city limits, not inchidiiig (h»cks 
 tiiid puhlic scjuares, seventy-iive miles of streets, over sixty 
 miles of which re(j[iiired in tlie night season a vigilant patrol. 
 To effect this, the city was divided into eight districts, 
 averaging eight miles of streets each, and during the tonr of 
 duty performed by the night men only two men could he 
 sent to each district. AYere the number six instead of two, 
 something hke an adequate protection of life and property 
 might reasonably be demanded at the hands of the police. 
 In view of this, it was earnestly desired that such an addi- 
 tion might be made to the force as would Ijring it to corres- 
 pond more nearly to the amount of duty required. 
 Yeak Ending June 1, ISO 7. 
 
 The force, as constituted, consisted of one chief, one 
 ca2)tain, one lieutenant, twenty-iive regular and fifteen 
 su23ernumerary policemen. The supernumeraries were on 
 dutv onlv in an emero^encv demandino^ additional streno^th, 
 or in case of absence (from sickness or other cause) from the 
 regular force. The following changes had taken place : 
 
 AVilliam A. Lincoln appointed chief September 5, 1S66. 
 
 Treadwell Smith, captain, September 15, 1866. 
 
 Francis Smith, lieutenant. September 15, 1866. 
 
 Arrests: total, 2,183. 
 
 The amount of stolen property recovei'ed during the 
 year was si, 142. 
 
 Year Ending June 1, 1868. 
 
 The numerical strength of the force was one chief, one 
 lieutenant, twenty-two regular policemen, and nine super- 
 numeraries ; leaving three vacancies on the regular force, 
 
80 POLICE PKOCEEDINGS AS ANNUALLY REPORTED. 
 
 and six on supernnmerary. The duties of the regular force 
 were divided, with a view to secure with the small numl)er 
 emplo3^ed the best protection possible to the city. Seven- 
 teen men were constantly employed on night duty ; seven 
 men on day duty ; and one man as special detective. An 
 increase of the force was deemed a necessity. As the city 
 increased in population, the demands upon the force were 
 constantly multiplying. All avenues of travel to and from 
 the city had to be carefully guarded, requiring tlie almost 
 constant services of a portion of the force. Details were so 
 often required upon occasions of a public nature, that tlie 
 chief complained that he found it frequently impossible to 
 afford that protection to life and property which citizens 
 demanded. 
 
 Prisoners: Male, 1,705; female, 391: total, 2,096. 
 Year Ending June 1, 1869. 
 
 The department remained the same in numbers as the 
 previous year. During the greater part of the year most of 
 tlie supernumerary force had been employed, and still they 
 had not been able to give that protection to society and 
 property which citizens demanded. 
 
 Arrests: Male, 1886; female, 483: total, 2,379. 
 
 There had been stolen property recovered during the 
 year to the amount of $5,665.75. 
 
 Year Ending July 1, 1870. 
 
 This was chief AYilliam J. BoAven's first annual report. 
 It had been the custom hitherto, when an officer had dis- 
 covered the existence of a crime, or the haunts or hiding 
 places of a fugitive from justice, to give the facts to a pro- 
 
J.VMKS WUINN. 
 CAl'TAlN KIKST SIATIOX. 
 
 e •^■:^^^^^^ 
 
 
 
 J- ■ . w^ . A 
 
 William O'Kkkfi:. 
 
 CAPTAIN. SECOND STATION. 
 
POLICE PROCEEDINGS AS ANNUALLY REPORTED. 81 
 
 fessional detective, to nse according to his judgment. As a 
 result of this course, the chief had found that some othcers, 
 ambitious for distinction, had assiduously concealed their 
 discoveries, in the hope of turning them to their own ac- 
 count, and thus afforded offenders an opportunity to escape. 
 
 While conduct of this character was reprehensible, it 
 was almost too much to expect that officers would exercise 
 the same vigilance and make the same exertion to discover 
 information which they knew would be taken from them 
 without credit, and bestowed upon another who would re- 
 ceive the plaudits of the community. 
 
 The chief said that his practice had been in every in- 
 stance where an officer had discovered facts of value to 
 detail him for the duty requii-ed, unless he preferred to be 
 excused, and in case of success, to allow him to enjoy the 
 honor. In cases where the chief was of opinion that the 
 officer was not in all resjDCcts best qualified for the duty, 
 another officer was detailed to assist him in the work ; and 
 in this way was accomplished what the public good required, 
 without depriving the first officer of the credit due to his 
 exertions. The chief remarked that under certain circum- 
 stances professional detectives might be of special superior 
 importance, but he strongly inclined to the opinion that, 
 save in very rare instances, they were not as valuable as 
 other officers, and that they were not necessary. In his 
 experience he had found no occasion for the employment 
 of a detective, where another officer would not have per- 
 formed the duty with equal sagacity and skill. It was 
 claimed that detectives were especially important in cases 
 
82 POLICE PROCEEDIXGS AS ANNUALLY REPORTED. 
 
 involving the discovery and restoration of stolen goods or 
 money. In most of the cases, however, the property was 
 restored upon the understanding, expressed or implied, that 
 there should be no prosecution. This system the chief re- 
 garded as pei'nicious in the extreme, and believed it better 
 that the pro2)erty should never l)e reclaimed, than that it 
 should be under conditions that fostered rather than pre- 
 vented crime. 
 
 The force as then organized consisted of forty ordinary 
 policemen, fifteen of whom were supernumeraries. Tlie 
 requirements of the public were so great, that all of the 
 latter class had to be placed upon regulai- daily duty, leav- 
 ing no authorized men for emergencies. 
 
 In reference to the police force there were tAvo or three 
 things that the chief would earnestly recommend. There 
 was scarcely a day of the year that prisoners were not 
 brought to the prison in a state of drunkenness, some mad- 
 dened by the eifects of the liquor, and others delirious. In 
 either of these conditions they almost invariabh^ endeavored 
 to destroy the bedsteads in the cells where tliey were con- 
 fined. As these were made of wood, they found but little 
 difficulty in effecting their destruction. He would there- 
 fore suggest the propriety, believing it economical in the 
 end, of substituting iron drop bedsteads, such as could not be 
 wrenched from their fastenings by the inmates of the cells. 
 A very large number of persons were brought to the station 
 who ought to be inmates of the hospital. Many of these 
 persons were partially or wholly disabled, and were proper 
 subjects for medical or surgical treatment, and of charity. 
 
POLICE PROCEEDINGS AS ANNUALLY REPORTED. 83 
 
 Some humane provision sliould be made for the comfort and 
 care of persons of this character. The recent escape of four 
 prisoners from the police prison, by the removal of a pipe 
 connected with the furnace that afforded heat to the supe- 
 rior court room, rendered it proper that the chief should 
 call attention to its insecurity. There were other places 
 that were very insecure against the skill of blirglai's or pris- 
 on-breakers, and they sliould be strengthened. 
 
 Arrests: Males, 2,082; females, 413: total, 2,495. 
 Year Ending January 1, IS 72. 
 
 The chief's report included a period of nineteen months, 
 ending January 1, 1872. In a city growing as rapidly as 
 Kew Haven, there must be, from time to time, some im- 
 provements ordered by the board of police commissioners. 
 The chief expressed the opinion that the public interest 
 would be better served by a verbal communication between 
 the commissioners and officers of the force than by lengthy 
 written documents, subject to publication, and perhaps gen- 
 eral inspection. That an increase of the force was needed 
 the commissioners were aware, and they were also fully in- 
 formed of other matters connected with providing for bet- 
 ter patrolling of the city. 
 
 Chief Hyde, sparing of official ink and paper, tlien sub- 
 mitted statistics of arrests, etc. 
 
 Total number of arrests, 5,363. Amount of stolen prop- 
 erty recovered, $9,684.90. 
 
 Since the last report many important changes had oc- 
 curred in the police department. On the 15th of July, 
 1870, under the provisions of the charter, the term of office 
 
84 POLICE PROCEEDINGS AS ANNUALLY EEPORTED. 
 
 of the existing board, consisting of Messrs. Hoadlev B. Ives^ 
 Tilton E. Doolittle, Thomas H. Fulton, Herrick P. Frost, 
 Evelyn L. Bissell and Patrick Gallagher, expired, and the 
 newly elected commissioners, Messrs. William R. Shelton, 
 Henry A. Carrington, John Egan and Charles Fabrique 
 assumed the duties of their office. Commissioner Shelton 
 was elected chairman ^>/'c> tern, at thelirst meeting. After a 
 careful consideration of the subject, the board, on the 20th 
 of August, 1870, adopted a code of rules prescribing the 
 qualifications of patrolmen and the form of an application 
 for appointment upon the police force. On the 26th of 
 October, 1870, the board, after a thorough consideration of 
 the matter, adopted a code of rules for the government of 
 the j)olice force, and supplied the members of the same with 
 printed copies, prepared in a convenient form. On the 13th 
 of August, 1870, William J. Bowen, chief of police, was 
 tried by the board upon charges preferred, and found 
 guilty, and was thereupon dismissed. 
 
 To fill the vacancy thus caused, AVilliam B. Catlin, cap- 
 tain of police, was made acting chief ; James T. Mullen, 
 lieutenant, was made acting captain, and Peter Sheridan 
 was made acting lieutenant. 
 
 The board having been authorized by the court of com- 
 mon council, in October, 1870, to increase the police force 
 to the number of one hundred, fifty-two applications were 
 received for appointment upon the force. 
 
 The board, after an examination of the applicants, re- 
 appointed fifteen members of the old force as patrolmen, 
 
POLICE PROCEEDINGS AS ANNUALLY REPORTED. 85 
 
 and also appointed thirty-three other appHcants, making the 
 total nnniber of appointments forty-eight. There were 
 also appointed, as required by the charter, fifteen super- 
 numeraries. 
 
CHAPTEE YIIL 
 
 A MARKED IMPROVEMENT IX THE FORCE. 
 
 This is Attributable to the Vigilance of the Chief in Enforcing the 
 Rules— Completion of the Police Telegraph^Intoxication — Of- 
 fenders to be Punished with Dismissal— Site for a Police Building 
 Selected — More Patrolmen Demanded— Few Noticeable Breaches 
 of the Peace. 
 
 r\N the 21st day of July, 1S71, Messrs. William W 
 Horse and George W. M. Reed, having been elected 
 commissioners, assumed the office, taking the places of 
 Messrs. Charles Fabriqiie and John Egan, whose terms had 
 expired. On the Slth of July, IS 71, the declination of 
 Charles Webster of the office of chief of police was accepted^ 
 and William M. Hyde was made acting chief of police. 
 
 During the past nineteen months twenty-two jDolicemen 
 had been arraigned before the board upon the chai'ge of 
 some breach of the rules of the department. In five cases 
 the officers were dismissed from the force ; in one case rep- 
 rimanded ; two cases were dropped ; two suspended from 
 duty ; six not sustained ; one sustained ; five pending. 
 Year Ending January 1, 1873. 
 
 Xot a few noteworthy and desirable changes had been 
 effected in the department during the past year. On the 
 30th of July, the terms of William R. Shelton and Henry 
 
A MARKED IMPROVEMENT IN THE FORCE. 87 
 
 A. Carriiigton having expired uii the 20th of June, Messrs. 
 Dexter Ti. Wright and John Shannalian were sworn in as 
 members of the board, having been duly elected such by 
 tlie court of common counciL Commissioner Morse was 
 cliosen president j!;^'6> t<'7n. At the same session tlie board 
 voted to recommend the common council to increase the 
 police force to one hundred men, being an addition of fifty 
 men. On the Ttli of August the common council voted to 
 increase the force to eighty-five men, and the additional 
 men were to be appointed during the ensuing year. The 
 board also increased the salary of the chief to $2,500 per 
 annum and the pay of the patrolmen to $3 per day, such 
 increase to take effect on the first of January, 1873. On 
 the third of September a rule was adopted allowing patrol- 
 men a day for each month, and the pay of the captain was 
 fixed at $1,642.50 per annum, and that of the lieutenant at 
 81,160 per annum, the change to go into effect on the 1st of 
 January, IS 73. 
 
 On the 3d of December the board directed Mr. J. Mur- 
 ray Fairchild to proceed with the erection of a police tele- 
 graph, and its construction was immediately commenced. 
 
 At a special meeting of the board on the 13th of Decem- 
 ber Chai'les W. Allen was elected to the office of chief of 
 police, which office had been vacant since the 13th of Au- 
 gust, 1870. During the year 136 applications were made to 
 the board for appointment on the force. Eleven were ap- 
 pointed. Six officers tendered their resignations, which 
 were accepted. Charges were preferred against seventeen 
 officers. 
 
88 A MARKED IMPKOVEMEXT IN THE FOPwCE. 
 
 During the year the salaries paid the force amounted to 
 $52,633. 
 
 Year Ending July 1, IS 74. 
 
 During the year there had been a marked improvement 
 in the efficiency, condition and appearance of the force, 
 Avhich was largely accomplished (according to the commis- 
 sioners) through the firm and judicious management of the 
 chief officer, who had enforced such discipline as to secure 
 promptitude on the part of the ]3atrolmen, as well as a 
 proper spirit in the discharge of their many and arduous 
 duties. 
 
 During the period between January 1 and July 13, 1873, 
 the board consisted of Commissioners Morse, Eeed, Wright, 
 and Shannahan. On the latter date the terms of the two 
 first expired, and the vacancies were filled by the election 
 of Messrs. George M. Harmon and Carl G. Engel, who upon 
 the 21st day of July, 1873, were sworn into office and took 
 seats in the board. On the 2d of September the board was 
 reorganized hy the election of Commissioner Wright as 
 elmirmem jjro tern. 
 
 The following items embrace the important acts per- 
 formed by the board during the year : 
 
 On the 7th of January the chief was authorized to de- 
 tail an officer to perform the clerical duties of the police 
 office, and under that authority an. officer was so detailed. 
 Upon the same day, upon the recommendation of the cliief, 
 the existing detective system was abolished, and he was em- 
 powered to detail officers from time to time, as occasion re- 
 quired, to do detective work. 
 
A MARKED IMPROVEMENT IX THE FORCE. 89 
 
 On February 14: the hoard adopted a new rule for the 
 purpose of securing promptness on the part of the patrol- 
 men, wliich provided that any officer who was absent from 
 drill should be fined one day's pay. 
 
 Upon the same date, the police telegraph having been 
 fully completed and in working order, J. Murray Fairchild 
 was appointed superintendent of the line. 
 
 Early in tlie year the board became convinced, from their 
 experience Avitli a number of cases occurring among the 
 patrolmen, that vigorous measures should be adopted to 
 prevent the offense of intoxication. On the first of April a 
 rule was adopted providing that the oifense of intoxication, 
 while on duty, should, upon the conviction of the offender, 
 be cause for his dismissal, and that no extenuating circum- 
 stances should be considered. 
 
 On the 21st of July the board voted to establish the 
 oflice of an additional roundsman. 
 
 At the opening of the year the force consisted of fifty 
 patrolmen and three officers. There were added during the 
 year, by appointment, thirty-eight patrolmen and one super- 
 numeraiy, and there were received by the board and ordered 
 on file forty-six applications asking for appointment upon 
 the force. During the year nineteen ofiicers were arraigned 
 before the board upon charges for alleged infractions of the 
 rules and orders of the department. 
 
 The expenses of the department for the year amounted 
 to 891.242.60, of which 8^^3,995.75 Avas expended for the 
 payment of the salaries of the force, S3,0(>J:.52 for the po- 
 lice telegraph, 82,253.98 for contingent expenses, 89T9.10 
 
90 A MARKED IMPROVEMENT IN THE FORCE. 
 
 for office expenses, §^09. 25 for cemetery watclimen. The 
 large increase of tlie police made it necessaiy to enlarge the 
 accommodations of the patrolmen's quarters. 
 
 In the early part of the year the steps necessary to be 
 taken to obtain a site for a police building were completed, 
 and a lot of ample size for such a structure, located on 
 Court street and adjoining the police prison, was purchased 
 by the city. There was also granted by vote of the common 
 council, an additional sum of money amounting to $15,000, 
 for the construction of the building, making the total sum 
 set aside for that purpose $75,000. During the summer a 
 committee of the common council received proj^osals for 
 erecting the structure and awarded the contracts, and in the 
 early fall ground was broken for the work, and from that 
 time on the erection of the building had gone on rapidly. 
 Year Ending January 1, IS 75. 
 
 The discipline of the force had been well maintained 
 during the year, and discharged its important and onerous 
 duties with effectiveness and success. During the year a 
 reorganization of the board had been accomplished through 
 an amendment to the charter of the city adopted by the pre- 
 vious legislature. From January 1 to October 21, ls71:, the 
 board remained unchanged and consisted of Commissioners 
 Dexter R. Wright, John Shannahan, George M. Harmon 
 and Carl G. Engel, the common council having failed to 
 elect two commissioners in June, as the charter then pro- 
 vided, to succeed Messrs. Wright and Shannahan. Under 
 the amendment to the charter referred to, the mayor was 
 authorized to appoint a board of police commissioners sub- 
 
A MARKED IMPROVEMEXT IX THE FORCE. 01 
 
 ject to a confirmation by the board of aldermen. On the 2i)th 
 of October, 1874, the mayor and aldermen appointed a new 
 l)oard of commissioners, consisting of the following named 
 gentlemen: Messrs. William H. Bradley, Samuel E. Mer- 
 Avin, Jr., Charles B. AVooster, Carlos Smith and Patrick 
 Gallagher; the tirst two to serve until January 1, 1878, the 
 second two to serve until January 1, 1877, and the last 
 named to serve until January 1, 1876. The newly ap- 
 pointed board took their seats and were sworn into office on 
 the 21st of October, 1871. During the month of April the 
 department took possession of their apartments in the police 
 building erected the previous year. At the opening of the 
 year the force was full, and was comprised of a chief, a cap- 
 tain, a lieutenant, two roundsmen, two sergeants and eighty- 
 one patrolmen, making a total of eighty-eight. Kine patrol- 
 men had been appointed and two resigned. 
 
 Owing to the frequency of incendiary fires occurring in 
 the city, the board voted to authorize the chief to employ 
 one or more detectives for the purpose of detecting incendi- 
 ai'ies, and three men were so employed. Under authority 
 given by the common council the board assumed the con- 
 trol and direction of the Sunday watchmen at the ceme- 
 teries, and adopted rules for their government. 
 
 Upon the new board taking their seats, October 21, 
 Commissioner William H. Bradley was chosen chairman, 
 and on the 3d of Xovember the board adopted a revision of 
 the rules and orders for the department, placing them in 
 harmony with the revised charter. Throughout the year the 
 force had attended a weekly drill, and the men liad faithfully 
 
92 A MARKED IMPROVEMENT IX THE FORCE. 
 
 observed tlie rules requiring a neat and proper appearance. 
 The expenses of the department amounted to $99,174.56, an 
 increase over the previous year of $7,931.96, which was 
 caused bv the increase in the number of patrohnen. Of the 
 amount expended $96,664.83 was for the salaries of the 
 members of the police, including cemetery watchmen ; 
 $1,066.30 for contingent expenses, $1,055.30 office expenses, 
 and $388.13 for the police telegraph. 
 
 Xumber of arrests : Males, 4,11:3 ; females, eS^i : total, 
 5,109. 
 
 Year Ending January 1, 1876. 
 
 Much of the time of the board at its sessions had been 
 consumed in the trial of charges preferred against police 
 officers. On the 4th of May the board voted to make the 
 maximum number of patrolmen on the force eighty men. 
 During the fall the city, in common with adjacent commu- 
 nities, suffered from the visits of burglars. To provide for 
 the emergency several special police were detailed. With 
 this exception the city had been very free from crimes of 
 much magnitude. 
 
 The expenses of the department for the year were 
 $95,323.67, of which $463.50 was for ambulance, $960.02 
 for sundries, $162.98 for telegraph, and $93,737.17 for pay 
 of men, including the cemetery watchmen. 
 
 Number of arrests : Male, 4,442 ; female, 650. Amount 
 of stolen property recovered, $3,295.50. 
 
 Year Ending January 1, 1877. 
 
 At the opening of the year there were pending before the 
 board charges asrainst some of the officers, and during the year 
 
A MAKKKD IMPIK^VE^VIENT IN THE FORCE. 93 
 
 charges liad been made against eighteen otiicers. On the 
 10th of April the board appointed James A. Wilkinson 
 superintendent of the police telegraph. On the l(»tli of 
 Jul}' the hoard voted not to fill vacancies, which had the 
 effect to reduce the force to the number of seventy-four 
 men in all. These consisted of one chief, one lieutenant, 
 two sergeants, two roundsmen, and sixty-seven patrolmen. 
 The force had maintained its discipline and efficiency, and 
 nothing out of the ordinary character had marked its 
 history. 
 
 Total number of arrests during the year, 4,756 ; lodgers, 
 4,786 ; stolen property recovered, §5,725. The largest nuni- 
 l)er of arrests had been for assaults 630, for drunkenness 
 2,361, for theft 319, for burglary 33, for vagrancy 163, for 
 violating city ordinances 131 ; 546 stores and shops had 
 l)een found open in the night ; 136 lost children had been 
 restored to their parents; 4,990 street lamps reported 
 broken, out of order, or not lighted. 
 
 Constant and uro-ent demands had been made by citizens 
 residing and doing business outside of the central portions 
 of the city for more patrolmen, claiming that as tax-payers 
 they were entitled to more police protection. Owing to 
 the present number of men it was impossible to comply 
 with the requests. The average number of night patrol- 
 men on duty was forty-seven. Some of the night men had 
 over live miles of streets to patrol, and some of the day men 
 had more than ten miles of streets on their beats. Officers 
 Philip Eeilly and James P. Branner had acted as special 
 detectives during the year. 
 
94 A MAKKED IMPROVEMENT IN THE FORCE. 
 
 Year Ending January 1, IS 78. 
 
 There liad been no appointments made the past year, not 
 for the reason that the board did not unanimously think 
 that the force should have been increased, but that the com- 
 mon council had so far reduced the appropriation that the 
 board found it necessary to reduce tlie pay of the officers 
 and patrohnen from 15 to 20 per cent, in order to retain the 
 number then on the force, some ten men less than the board 
 thought it should consist of. There had been many requests 
 from citizens outside central beats for police protection, with 
 which requests the board had found it impossible to comply. 
 The board discontinued the office of roundsman, and had the 
 duty assigned them performed by the sergeants. During the 
 year the common council made a special appropriation of 
 §3,285 to the board, with instructions to increase the pay of 
 the patrohnen twenty-five cents to each man per day, from 
 July 1, 18TT, to January 1, 1878. The board carried out 
 these instructions. 
 
 The total number of men was 71. Total number of 
 arrests, 3,926; lodgers, 5,568; stolen property recovered 
 and returned to owners, 821,255.81. 
 
 The large number of arrests had been, for assaults 466, 
 for drunkenness 1,647, for thefts 329, for burglary 44, for 
 vagrancy 191, for violating city ordinances 86, for violating 
 license law 85 ; 642 stores and shops had been found open 
 in the night season; 103 lost children had been restored to 
 their parents ; 129 stray horses, with vehicles attached, had 
 been found on the streets and restored to their owners ; 31 
 criminals from other cities and towns had been arrested and 
 
A MAKKKD IMPROVEMENT IN THE FORCE. 95 
 
 lianded over to the authorities of their places ; 5,639 street 
 lamps were reported broken, out of order, or not lighted. 
 
 Tliere were over 128 miles of sti-eets to patrol in the 
 city. The avei-age numl)er of day policemen on duty was 
 l-t, and the average number of night patrolmen on duty 
 was 12. 
 
 In no branch of the govermnent were the actions of its 
 employes so much criticised as that of the police depart- 
 ment, and more was expected of it than of any other depart- 
 ment. But few cases of charges preferred as^ainst police- 
 men had required severe discipline. Owing to the reduced 
 number of the force, the men had been called upon to per- 
 form continuous extra duty during the year, and with few 
 exceptions had rendered cheerful obedience to all demands 
 made upon them by their superior officers. 
 
 Year Ending January 1, 1879. 
 
 The entire number of men connected with the depart- 
 ment was 79, assigned for duty as follows : 1 ch'ief, 1 cap- 
 tain, 1 lieutenant, 2 detectives, 2 roundsmen, 1 truant offi- 
 cer, 1 clerk, 2 doormen, 51 night patrolmen, 15 day patrol- 
 men, and 2 supernumeraries on night duty. 
 
 Total number of arrests, 4,431: ; total number of lodgers, 
 3,925 ; stolen property recovered, $18,632.20. 
 
 The larger number of arrests had been for assaults 556, 
 for drunkenness 1,976, for burglary 55, for thefts 326, for 
 vagrancy 191, for violations of city ordinances 81, for viola- 
 tion of liquor license law, 143 ; 711 stores and shops had 
 been found open in the night; 161 lost children restored to 
 their parents ; 83 horses, with vehicles attached, had been 
 
96 A MARKED IMPROYEMEXT IN THE FORCE. 
 
 found on the streets and returned to their owners ; 4,072 gas 
 and naj)tlia street lamps had been reported broken, out of 
 order, or not lighted. There had been an increase in the 
 arrests for drunkenness the past year ; tlie arrests for drunk- 
 enness in the year IS 77 were 1,647; in the year 1S7S the 
 arrests were 1,976 ; arrests for violating the license law in 
 the year 1877 were 86; for the year 1878 the arrests were 
 143. There had been a lars^e decrease in the number of 
 lodgers. In the year 1877 5,568 were accommodated with 
 lodgings ; in the year 1878 there were 3,925. 
 
 There had been $18,632 stolen property recovered and 
 returned to the owners the past year. Most of the jDrop- 
 erty received was claimed by non-residents of the city. Xot 
 $1,000 of value of property had been reported stolen and 
 missing daring the year that had not been recovered. 
 Year Ending December 1, 1879. 
 
 The force consisted of a chief, captain, lieutenant, two 
 detectives, two roundsmen and seventy-seven patrolmen, the 
 office of sergeant having been discontinued. There had 
 been no i*adical changes in the general principles or rules 
 governing the conduct of the department. On the 1st of 
 October there was a revision of the orders deiinino: the beats 
 patrolled, regard being had to distances and time required 
 for each turn of duty. From tlie time this improvement 
 had been carried out the complaints of citizens in places re- 
 mote from central beats were greatly diminished, while the 
 men were better satisfied as to the distribution of work. 
 The number of miles patrolled by each officer was more 
 equalized than before the change, and the duties of the 
 
^m -'^ ^, 
 
 James F. BRK^YER, 
 
 CAPTAIN. FOURTH STATION. 
 
 li^l 
 
 It 
 
 
 if 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 \^^ 'w 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^I^^^S^^H 
 
 H 
 
 Patrick Bergin, 
 sergeant. 
 
A MARKED IMrROVEMPZNT IN THE FORCE. 97 
 
 roundsman rendered less perplexing. Policemen were de- 
 tailed for special service on days of public celebrations, or 
 whenever certain streets were likely to be unusually 
 thronged, and there were regular patr(.)lmen detailed at the 
 railroad depots and steamboat landings, the ofHcers making 
 it a point of their duty to direct strangers and assist those 
 who appeared to need help. 
 
 As compared with previous years, there had been few 
 noticeable breaches of public peace. On the 1st of Xovem- 
 ber a change was made in the method of lighting and ex- 
 tinguishing the public lamps, which had been found to be 
 of great service to the department in enabling them to bet- 
 ter see whatever should come under their observation during 
 the early morning watch. The almost total disappearance 
 of tramps from the city was a matter for congratulation. 
 
 Xumber of arrests : Male, 3,386 ; female, 561 : total, 
 3,91:7. Amount of stolen property recovered, $11,174.33. 
 Year Ending December 1, 1880. 
 
 The revision of orders defining the beats patrolled, which 
 were made near the close of the fiscal year, had worked very 
 satisfactorily. The force consisted of one chief, one cap- 
 tain, one lieutenant, and eighty-one patrolmen. Two of the 
 latter were permanently engaged in detective service, two 
 performed the duties of roundsmen, one as truant ofiicer, 
 one as clerk and street duty, two as doormen and hack in- 
 spectors, leaving the actual number for patrol seventy-one. 
 On June 1 the force was increased by the addition of four 
 patrolmen. In view of tlie comparatively small loss during 
 the year by professional thieves, burglars and pickpockets, 
 
98 A MARKED IMPROVEMENT IN THE FORCE. 
 
 the facility and expedition with which all crimes committed 
 had been followed up and the criminals bronglit to pnnisli- 
 ment, the freedom from visits or raids by gangs of profes- 
 sional thieves, the discipline maintained, the large amount 
 of extra duty performed consequent upon an exciting presi- 
 dential campaign, altogether make an exliibition that might 
 command the scrutiny of taxpayers and others who had an 
 interest in the careful, prudent conduct of the department. 
 
 Several stolen teams had been recovered, and in nearly 
 every instance the thief or thieves had been secured and 
 brought to justice. The stolen property of other kinds re- 
 covered had been quite large. The operation of the tramp 
 law during the year had been most satisfactory. The city 
 had been almost entirely freed of a class who were, as a 
 general rule, dangerous to the peace and welfare of the 
 community. 
 
 For the promotion of system and good order, and for 
 the better preservation of the peace and welfare of the com- 
 munity, the city was divided into thirty-two beats. 
 
 There were also five serving men who were called on 
 the center in the early part of the night, and were used for 
 extra occasions. 
 
 Kumber of arrests: Male, 4,062; female, 549; total, 
 4,611. 
 
 Year Ending December 1, 1881. 
 
 The force consisted of a chief, captain, lieutenant, ser- 
 geant, two detectives, two roundsmen, one truant officer, and 
 seventy-two patrolmen. During the past year there liad 
 been a marked improvement in the morale of the force, and 
 
A MARKED IMPROVEMENT IN THE FORCE. 99 
 
 ail evident disposition on the part of most of the officers to 
 discharge tlieir sev^eral duties in a manner to meet the ap- 
 proval of citizens and tax-payers. The rules adopted by the 
 board had been carried out in a spirit of willingness on the 
 part of the force that was quite gratifying. During the 
 year two officers were discharged from the force for neglect 
 of duty, and two resigned. 
 
 There was still great need of better police protection on 
 the outskirts of the city, which it seemed almost impossible 
 to give with the present number of policemen. The chief 
 expressed the opinion that much of the difficulty might be 
 in a great measure overcome by adopting the plan of 
 mounted police, say three in number, who being in position 
 to move rapidly from place to place, would thereby be able 
 to cover a large number of exposed points, and avert the 
 necessity of appointing a number of additional patrolmen 
 for outskirt duty. The rapid increase of population, and 
 the large amount of territory which it covered, would seem 
 to call for additional police precincts at no distant day. Un- 
 der the present system officers often arrest persons a long 
 distance from the police station, and the time consumed in 
 taking the prisoner to the lockup was of considerable im- 
 portance. 
 
 The arrests of the past year far exceeded those of any 
 former year. 
 
 Number of arrests: Male, 4,309; female, 539: total, 
 4,848. Amount of stolen property recovered, $52,451.99. 
 
CHAPTEK IX. 
 
 THE TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH. 
 
 An Important Auxiliary to the Police Department — The Mechanism 
 Described— Of Great Value to the Force— The Patrol Wagon — 
 The Policeman's Best Friend. 
 
 Year Ending December 1, 1SS2. 
 "T^HE department consisted of one cliief, one captain, one 
 lieutenant, one sergeant, two roundsmen, two detect- 
 ives, one truant officer, and sixty-six patrolmen. During 
 the year one officer was fined forty-five days' pay, two were 
 fined ten days' pay, and one five days' pay for neglect of 
 duty. Two were discharged from the force. 
 
 The OTOwth of the citv demanded a lars^er number of 
 patrolmen. The outskirts of the city were imperfectly pro- 
 tected. Many of the outlying beats covered a distance of 
 from two to three miles, and only one man could be placed 
 thereon to protect the lives and property of citizens. Thefts 
 incendiaries and the like often occurred in these districts. 
 It seemed like misplaced economy for the tax-payers of any 
 city to refuse to give themselves sufficient police protection, 
 when the outlay divided pro rata was so verj^ small. 
 
 Although some sections of the city had not been pro- 
 tected as fully as one could wish, and as their needs required, 
 the chief had used his best judgment in the detail and 
 
THE TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH. 101 
 
 divisiun of the force, in order that he might procure the 
 hest results possible with the means placed at his disposal. 
 The attention of the board was called to the needs of the 
 city for a suitable morgue. The under-ground room used 
 for this ])urpose was entirely inadequate for the use to 
 which it was deyoted. Dark, damp, and gloomy, and in 
 eyery way unsuitable for the purpose intended, the chief 
 could not conceiye how a city of seyentj-two thousand in- 
 habitants could long submit to such a temporary receptacle 
 of the bodies of those whose deaths occurred l)y accident or 
 yiolence. He recommended that a l)uilding suitable for the 
 purposes of a morgue be erected in the rear of the City 
 Hall building, knowing that the tax-payers would not com- 
 plain of a small outlay for a building apparently so much 
 needed. 
 
 In this connection he called the attention of the board to 
 the great need of a city ambulance for the remoyal of per- 
 sons seriously injured to the hospital. During the past year 
 there had been seyeral occasions when the liyes of injured 
 persons depended on their prompt and careful remoyal, and 
 yet the city had no mode of conyeyance on which they 
 could rely. As an act of humanity to the maimed and in- 
 jured, it appeared that the purchase of an ambulance should 
 no longer be delayed. While the needs of the city were 
 much greater than the town in this direction, the latter 
 had, through its representatiyes, been proyided with a suit- 
 able ambulance at a comparatiyely small outlay. 
 
 Thirteen hundred and twenty-fiye store doors were found 
 open in the night time, which Ayere secured and the pro- 
 
102 THE TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH. 
 
 prietors notified. The carelessness of people in securing 
 their doors and windows was remarkable. There could be 
 no estimate of the value of property saved by the police 
 through their vigilance in detecting unlocked doors and 
 windows, and their promptness in notifying the owners was 
 commendable. In every case of this character larcenies- 
 might have occurred, for which the police would have to 
 bear a resj^onsibility which rightly belonged to others. In 
 connection with this subject the chief recommended that the 
 public exercise more care in securing their doors and win- 
 dows on the ground floors, and those which might be 
 reached by means of piazzas and balconies. 
 
 One hundred and forty-two children were restored to 
 their parents by the agency of the ^^olice. These were 
 children of such tender age as to be unable to tell where 
 they lived or what their names were, when many times their 
 parents would search for them for hours. Their last resort 
 w^ould be the police station, where they found them care- 
 fully cared for by the police. 
 
 ^N'umber of arrests : Male, 4,979 : female, 663 : total, 
 5,642. Amount of stolen property recovered, §17,358.50. 
 Year Ending December 1, 1883. 
 
 The department consisted of one chief, two captains, 
 two lieutenants, three sergeants, two roundsmen, two de- 
 tectives, one truant officer, one at the dej)ot, one at the 
 steamboat, and seventy-five patrolmen. 
 
 During the year one officer Avas fined forty-five days' 
 pay, two were suspended ten days, three resigned, and one 
 was discharged from the force. 
 
THE lELEPIIONE AND TELEOKAl'H. 10)3 
 
 Tlie new precinct on Grand street Avas recently coni- 
 ]>lete(l, and it tilled a long needed want in that section of 
 the city, where better police protection seemed absolntely 
 necessary. The decrease of crime in the locality of the pre- 
 cinct station during the past year had been very apparent. 
 Tlie law-breakers seemed to nnderstand that a competent 
 nnmber of police officers were within easy call at any hour 
 of the day or night, wdiich was a restraint against sudden 
 and violent outbreaks on the part of those inclined to fre- 
 (juent breaches of the peace. 
 
 The chief recommended that some law be framed com- 
 pelling pawnbrokers and junk dealers to make a daily 
 report to the chief of police of all articles received by them 
 during the day previous, and to make it a penalty for them 
 to buy any article of a person under the age of 18 years. 
 Such a law would, he said, be of great service to the police 
 and to the citizens generally in the recovery of stolen 
 property. 
 
 He recommended also that a law^ be passed to license 
 and regulate the business of bootblacks and newsboys, so 
 that good behavior would l)e all that would be required of 
 them to get a license, and thereby give the police some au- 
 thority where they now had none. It w^ould enable the 
 officers to relieve merchants and citizens generally of a great 
 cause of complaint, and at the same time benefit/all the 
 boys who conducted themselves in a proper manner. 
 
 In his last annual report he referred to the demand of 
 the citizens for better police protection on the outskirts of 
 the city. There was on December 1, 1882, a w^orking force 
 
104 THE TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH. 
 
 of seventy-seven policemen. On tlie lOtli dav of Decem- 
 ber, 1SS2, the force was filled np to ninety men, and still 
 there was a call for more protection on the outskirts of the 
 city. Many of the outlying beats covered a long distance. 
 To obviate this difficulty the police commissioners concluded 
 to try an experiment, having heard of the Gamewell police 
 telephone and signal telegraph, and immediately went to 
 work to investigate the whole system. 
 
 This coml>ination of the telephone and telegraph as an 
 auxiliary to the police department was first introduced in 
 Chicago in ISSO, and its thoroughly demonstrated value and 
 efficiency are largely due to John P. Barrett, for many 
 years the superintendent of the fire alarm telegraph in that 
 city. Placed at the outset in the most turbulent district of 
 the city, it so speedily increased the efficiency of the force 
 by enabling them to concentrate promptly at any needed 
 point, that within a few months the district was as easily 
 cared for and protected as the average districts of the city. 
 Patrolmen soon learned that in case of necessity they or 
 some one of them could, literally with the rapidity of light- 
 ning, summon assistance from headcpiarters, and that tliey 
 could reckon with certainty on a response ; and the crimi- 
 nal and rioter discovered that there was little chance for 
 them where electricity was utilized so successfully in aid of 
 law and its agents. 
 
 The practical working of the experimental system in 
 Chicago was so satisfactory that its extension into otliei- dis- 
 tricts was generally demanded, and the police commission- 
 ers of this city, seeing the necessity of better protection, 
 
THE TELEPHOXE AND TELEGRAPH. 105 
 
 wisely adopted tliis system by laying about twelve miles of 
 wire, and contracted for ten l)Oxes as an experiment. It 
 proved a great benefit to those who wanted police protec- 
 tion, especially on the outskirts of the city. 
 
 At the police headquarters of the city are placed the 
 necessary instruments and batteries for receiving and record- 
 ing telegraphic signals. Tliis apparatus is entirely auto- 
 matic and requires no trained operator for its proper care 
 and operation. The men usually in charge of the station are 
 competent for its supervision. 
 
 The register upon which the signals are received is 
 self-starting, and whenever a signal is transmitted from the 
 street section the record is made whether the person at the 
 station be in attendance or not. The batteries used are of 
 the kind known as gravity batteries, are very steady, con- 
 stant and reliable in their workings, and re(|uire but very 
 little care. Telephones and transmitters are also placed in 
 the central stations for use when the arbitrary signals of the 
 telegraph are not sufficient to cover the information desired 
 to be transmitted. Radiating from each station are tele- 
 graph lines or circuits running through the entire district, 
 connected at the desirable localities with a small structure, 
 in size and shape not unlike a common sentry box. 
 
 This sentry box is octagonal in shape, with pointed top, 
 two feet six inches in diameter, and about eight feet in 
 lieight. The sides are covered with iron and the top with 
 glass. 
 
 These sentry boxes take the place of lamp-posts, and the 
 gas can be placed on the top. The doors of these stations 
 
106 THE TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH. 
 
 are furnished with a patent trap-lock, so constructed that 
 whenever a key is used it cannot be withdrawn until re- 
 leased by a master key. 
 
 Every key is numbered and the name of the holder kept 
 on record. This establishes responsibility and prevents the 
 giving of needless alarms, for when a key has l)een used it 
 can be returned to its owner only by the proper officer, who 
 holds in his possession the master or release key. 
 
 Keys to the street stations are given to responsible cit- 
 izens, and are furnished to the patrolmen of the district. 
 Locks are uniform throughout the City and one key Avill 
 open any station. Inside of each station is placed a small 
 iron case, with a door and lock, the case containing an au- 
 tomatic signal instrument, by means of which a key holder, 
 by pulling a hook which protrudes from the side of the 
 case, can signal the police station and call for aid. 
 
 ISTone but officers are in possession of keys to the inside 
 boxes, which contain, in addition to the signal apparatus, a 
 telephone and transmitter. 
 
 A patrolmen, upon entering a street station, can innne- 
 diately transmit a special signal, which will inform the 
 officer on duty at headquarters of his presence. The tele- 
 phone can then be used for the transmission of orders from 
 headquarters to the patrolman, or by the patrolman to in- 
 dicate whatever may be his wants. Where horses are used 
 but a very short space of time elapses after the call before 
 the aid required is at hand, ready for any service. 
 
 Patrolmen, as they go their rounds, may be required to 
 report at the station on their beats as frequently as it may 
 
THE TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH. 107 
 
 be deemed advisable. This goes a long way toward se- 
 curing faithfulness of the force. 
 
 The patrol wagons generally used with this system are 
 models of convenience and adaptability for the w^ork. 
 They combine lightness and strength, and are conspicuous 
 by the l)lue body. They are furnished with an alarm gong 
 under the seats, which run lengthwise on each side of the 
 wagon. There are compartments for handcuffs, come- 
 alongs, clubs, blankets, canvas stretcher, ropes, and other 
 articles necessary and convenient. 
 
 An ambulance for the proper and careful removal of 
 persons accidentally and seriously injured or maimed had 
 become an accomplished fact, and the City was provided 
 with one of the most improved of these necessary adjuncts 
 to every well regulated city government. 
 
 During the past year the department had been obliged 
 many times to ask the aid of the town in furnishing an 
 ambulance, and the aid asked for has been promptly fur- 
 nished by the town authorities ; yet the remoteness of the 
 almshouse from the center of the City had caused delay, 
 and delays sometimes proved dangerous and perhaps fatal 
 to the injured person. 
 
 As a rule the patrolmen, during the past year, had j)er- 
 formed their arduous duties to the entire satisfaction of 
 the chief and commissioners. The same hardships and 
 dangers of years past had been gone through with ; the 
 streets had been faithfully patroled, so far as the number of 
 men at command could perform the work, and the lives 
 and property of the people had been well cared for. 
 
108 THE TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH. 
 
 The detective force remained the same as last year, and 
 these officers faitlifully performed their duties, being dih- 
 gent, in season and ont of season, in detecting crime, trac- 
 ing stolen property, and work of a similar nature, requiring 
 sound judgment and superior tact and skill. Xone of the 
 force had died during the past year, and yery little sick- 
 ness of a sei-ious nature prevailed. 
 
 dumber of arrests : Male, 5,027 ; female, 762, total : 
 5,789. Amount of stolen property recovered, $8,304.90. 
 Yeak Ending December 1, 188 J:. 
 
 The patrol wagon is kept at headquarters. Court street, 
 rear City Hall. 
 
 The distance is measured in a direct line from city hall 
 to the boxes, and averages one and a quarter miles. 
 
 The time is calculated from the moment the horse leaves 
 the stall (and includes harnessing and hiteliing to the wagon), 
 to the moment the box is reached from which the call is 
 received. In case of an emergency the runs could be made 
 in from one to two minutes less time. 
 
 The following facts connected with the Avorking of this 
 system still further show its value. More is accom2)lished 
 with this new system in fifteen minutes than in two hours 
 by the old wa3\ One evening, at about nine o'clock, a 
 call came from the corner of Oak and Orchard streets ; five 
 other calls followed in quick succession, all from different 
 and remote parts of the city : the result — six prisoners 
 brought to the station ; and in each case the patrolman re- 
 mained on his beat. This was accomplished in the average 
 time of fifteen minutes to each prisoner, by the wagon, one 
 
THE TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH. lOD 
 
 liorsc, tlie driver, with the aid of tlie doorman, who attends 
 to this in addition to his other duties. 
 
 In the old way each of these six patrohnen would have 
 been obliged to have struggled with his prisoner througli 
 the public streets, followed in many cases by a boisterous 
 and sometimes riotous rabble, liable to be attacked and to 
 loose his prisoner. These six patrolmen Avould have been 
 oif their beats from one to three hours, during which time 
 their beats would have been unj^rotected. In the case of 
 the more violent prisoners, two and sometimes three officers 
 would have been required to have brought them to the 
 station. 
 
 At another time a drunken riot was imminent on Hill 
 street, where the officers were having a hard time in hold- 
 ing their prisoners. In response to a call the patrol wagon 
 api^eared promptly on the ground, and took in five prison- 
 ers. It Avas so quickly done, that before the crowd realized 
 it, they were well on their way to the station. Without 
 this system the officers would probably have had to fight 
 their way to the station with their prisoners. 
 
 It saves much hard treatment of and struggling with 
 prisoners through the streets. 
 
 It promptly furnishes the means of dispersing crowds, of 
 checking disturbances or riots, of arresting disorderly per- 
 sons, and greatly decreases the chance of serious outbreaks. 
 
 It is the policeman's best friend. It increases his power, 
 for he need never feel that he is alone or beyond the reach 
 of support. In a great degree it lessens the chances and 
 necessity of personal encounter with roughs, for at a given 
 
110 THE TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH. 
 
 signal lie can call anj number of his fellow officers to liis 
 aid. Instead of increasing the number of policemen it is 
 intended to quicken the workings of the police system by 
 putting every ])atrolman within easy reacli of instant com- 
 munication with the police station, and also to give every 
 orderly citizen the means of calling upon the same authori- 
 ties with the least possible delay. In fact, this system stands 
 in the same relation to the peace and good order of the city 
 as the lire alarm system does to the security of our homes 
 from conflagration. 
 
 dumber of arrests: Male, 5,219; female, T57: total, 
 5,976. Amount of stolen and lost property recovered, 
 §18,73tl:.55. 
 
 Year Ending December 1, 1S85. 
 
 Xumber of arrests: Male, 1,726; female, 192: total 
 1,918. 
 
 Cash taken from and restored to prisoners, §2,197.88. 
 Stolen and lost property restored to owners, value 83,710.56. 
 Lost children restored, 151 ; stores and shops found open, 
 1,391 ; horses restored to owners, 56 ; street lamps, gas, not 
 lighted, 1,014; ditto, out of order, 1,240; ditto, broken, 115; 
 ditto, naptha, not lighted, 1,692 ; ditto, out of order, 2,367; 
 ditto, broken, 75 ; iires discovered and put out without giv^- 
 ing alarm, 12 ; number of lodgers, male, 3,547 ; female, 
 48 : total, 3.595. 
 
CHAPTEK X. 
 
 MORE IMPORTAXT POLICE STATISTICS. 
 
 Police Alarm Stations — The Purchase and Erection of a Further Num- 
 ber Recommended— Captain Hyde's Twenty-tifth Anniversarj- — 
 Congratulatory Resolutions— Tables of Arrests — More than One- 
 half for Drunkenness. 
 
 Year Exdixg November 30, 1886. 
 
 nOSTER for 1885: 10 promoted officers, 6 specials, 73 
 patrolmen, -1 supernumeraries on regular duty, 2 
 drivers: total, 95. 
 
 Roster 1886: 10 promoted officers, 6 specials, 70 patrol- 
 men, 6 supernumeraries on regular duty, 3 drivers : total, 95. 
 
 Of this force, six officers, two detectives, one truant offi- 
 cer, one court officer, one doorman, fortj-seven patrolmen, 
 tliree supernumeraries and two drivers, in all sixty-three, 
 reported at police headquarters; while four officers, one 
 doorman, twenty-three patrolmen, three supernumeraries 
 and one driver, in all thirty-two, were detailed at the Grand 
 avenue precinct. 
 
 Of the iifty men doing street j^atrol duty at head- 
 quarters fourteen began their ten hours of daily duty in the 
 morning or early forenoon, and thirty-six late in the after- 
 noon or in the early part of the evening. Of the twenty- 
 
112 MORE IMPORTANT POLICE STATISTICS. 
 
 six men patrolling from the precinct eight went on dutv in 
 the forenoon, and eighteen in the afternoon or early part of 
 the evening, so that in the day time the city Avas patrolled 
 by twenty-two men, and during tlie night by fifty-four men ; 
 provided there were no absentees. 
 
 In addition to the members enumerated in the foregoing 
 the department had one clerk, one surgeon and one electri- 
 cian. 
 
 Although there were twenty-seven new applicants for 
 positions, only a few changes affecting the roster had been 
 made during the last twelve months. Patrolman William 
 A. Langley, who had been on the force since April 22, 
 1873, died of consumption, April 30, 1886. In him the 
 department lost one of its most energetic and faithful 
 members. His funeral, which took place May 2, was 
 attended by the Honorable Board of Police Commissioners 
 and by iall the members of the department who could be 
 spared from duty. One patrolman and one driver resigned, 
 and one patrolman was reduced to the active supernumer- 
 ary force. To till the vacancies thus created, two super- 
 numeraries were called in for regular duty, and one driver 
 was appointed. Another driver was chosen to take charge 
 of the newly added patrol wagon at the Grand avenue 
 precinct. To the reserve supernumerary force (not active) 
 eleven new names were added 
 
 In connection with a statement of the numerical 
 strength of the force, attention was called to the fact that 
 in 1872 the Board of Police Commissioners recommended 
 to the Court of Common Council that the number of j^a- 
 
Albert Bradley 
 sergeant. 
 
 Frederick H. Bissell, 
 
 JsERGEANT, 
 
MORE IMlMMrrANT POLICE STATISTICS. 113 
 
 trolnien of the police force be raised to one liundred, and 
 tliat on August T, IS 72, tlie Court of Common Council 
 voted that at tlie end of that year the number of patrol- 
 men be increased to eighty-iive, and that in 1873 tlie num- 
 ber of patrolmen was actually raised to eighty-iive, seventy- 
 six oi whom performed regular street patrol duty. This 
 was thirteen years ago, when the population of the city, 
 with which only the police then had to do, was about 50,000. 
 Since then the population and property calling for police 
 23rotection had greatly increased, and the territory over 
 which the department had police control had been enlarged 
 l)y annexation and otherwise, so that about 80,000 people 
 (city and town), claimed its protection and services. These 
 and other circumstances had in no small degree multiplied 
 the duties Avhich tlie de2)artment was bound to perform, and 
 yet it had only the same number of men doing street duty 
 which it had thirteen years before. It was certainly to the 
 credit of the department that it had so far been able to per- 
 form the greatly increased police work without an increase 
 in the number of patrolmen. That it was able to do this is 
 greatly due to the introduction and successful working of 
 the police telephone and patrol wagon system, especially 
 since the new system invented by Messrs. Brewer (fe Smith, 
 the one a detective, the other the electrician of the depart- 
 ment, had been adopted and added. 
 
 The chief expressed his confidence that the purchase and 
 erection of a further reasonable number of police alarm 
 stations of the last named system would materially increase 
 the efficiency of the force and would not be against the 
 
ll-t MOKE IMPOKT ANT TOLICE STATISTICS. 
 
 spirit of true ecoiiomy. There were in successful operation 
 in the city, thirty police alarm and telephone stations, 
 thirteen of wliich were connected with the Grand avenue 
 precinct when, in May, a pati-ol wagon, driver and horse 
 were stationed there ; the remaining number were left to 
 report to headquarters. 
 
 It may be of interest to state that the entire annual 
 expense of maintaining the telephone and patrol wagon 
 system amounted to little more than $3,500, or in other 
 words, to little more than the annual pay for three pati'ol- 
 men. This sum included the electrician's salary, pay for 
 three drivers, forage, shoeing and doctoring for three horses, 
 wagon and harness repairs, the purchase of telephone 
 supplies, and the annual rent for thirt}' telephones. 
 
 But for the patrol wagon and police alarm, a material 
 increase in the number of men Avould liave been unavoid- 
 able some years ago. It was recommended that a reason- 
 able number of new men be added to the active force, tliat 
 additional supernumeraries be elected, and that a second 
 driver be stationed at the Grand avenue precinct. 
 
 The special report made of the work done within the 
 territory and by the officers and men belonging to the 
 Grand avenue precinct proved that that station, officered and 
 manned as it was, had become an important factor in the 
 prevention and detection of crime. In fact, considerable 
 of the brightest police work performed by the department 
 during the year must be placed to the credit of the precinct 
 force. The territory covered by the precinct force lies 
 easterly of the following line, wdiicli separates it from that 
 
MOKE IMPORTANT POLICE STATISTICF*. 115 
 
 part of tlie city covered by the force at the central office, 
 viz. : AVhitiiey avenue from the town hue to Humphrey 
 street, to State street, to Olive street, to Water street, and 
 ])art of Brewery street. 
 
 From May 1 till November 3o a mounted patrolman 
 was on duty on East E-ock Park, unaided during the week 
 and assisted on Sundays and holidays by four supernumer- 
 aries. The patroling of East Rock Park, which formed one 
 of the newly imposed duties of the police, cost the depart- 
 ment this year $1,050. This sum included the amount of 
 pay for the men employed there, forage for one horse for 
 seven months and the cost of maintaining one telej^hone 
 station. 
 
 In order to satisfactorily perform those services which 
 were unquestionably proper and necessary for the police to 
 do, it was deemed advisable to discontinue others which the 
 department had been in the habit of rendering, but which 
 Avere partly unnecessary and partly improper work for the 
 police. During the past year no squads of policemen were 
 furnished to march in line ahead of processions ; the streets 
 were, however, kept clear for the latter by a few men de- 
 tailed for that purpose. Xo policemen were fui-nished at 
 the city's expense for balls, weddings, or social parties ex- 
 cept to preserve order in the street. On some occasions of 
 this kind the services of uniformed suj^ernumeraries were 
 engaged and paid for by parties interested. 
 
 The men were frequently instructed as to the proper 
 exercise and extent of their authority, and care was taken 
 not to have them attempt to act officially in matters of a 
 
116 MORE IMPOKTANT POLICE STATISTICS. 
 
 purely civil nature, or for other reasons not within their 
 province. 
 
 Rowdvism, of which there was complaint from a few 
 sections of the city, had been put a stop to, it seemed, by 
 changing the time and beats of three night men. so that 
 their hours were from 3:30 p. m. to 2 a. m. 
 
 Among the pleasant events of the year's history of the 
 police force were its street parade on Memorial Day, May 
 31, and the twenty -iifth anniversary of its senior captain, 
 William M. Hyde. This veteran olhcer completed his 25th 
 year of service as a member of the department on the 2d 
 day IS^ovember, 1S86, on which occasion the Board of Police 
 Commissioners, then in session, unanimonsly passed, and 
 ordered to be presented to him, suitable resolutions refer- 
 ring to his long and stainless official record and conveying 
 the congratulations of the board. 
 
 During the time covered by this report ten patrolmen 
 were tried by the board on the following charges : 
 
 Six for entering saloons in violation of the rules. 
 
 One for using intoxicating drink while on duty. 
 
 Two for conduct unbecoming officers. 
 
 One for sleeping while on duty. 
 
 In one of these cases the board found the charges '' not 
 proven." In the remaining nine cases the parties charged 
 were found guilty ; they were 23unished l;)y temporary sus- 
 pension from duty and by being reduced to a lower grade 
 with less pay. And in four cases l)y a reprimand as an 
 additional punishment. Three patrolmen forfeited one 
 day's pay each for remaining off duty without being 
 
MOKK IMPORTANT POLICE STATI^^TICS. 117 
 
 l)r<»perly excused, and four inenil)ers were sus])eiided for 
 one, two, three and five days respectively as a puuishnient 
 for otiicial misconduct. 
 
 As an offset to the unpleasant but necessary duty of 
 l)referring charges against some of the men and of disciplin- 
 ing others, the chief on several occasions felt called upon to 
 perform the more agreeahle task of bringing to the atten- 
 tion of the board, the high meritorious conduct of other 
 members of the department, as the minutes of the board's 
 meetings show. All the promoted officers and, with few 
 exceptions, all the members of the department had done the 
 official work allotted to them in a cheerful, harmonious and 
 satisfactory manner. 
 
 In consequence of this and especially in consequence of 
 the efficient assistance which the experienced officers, Cap- 
 tain AVilliam M. Hyde, Captain Tread well Smith, Lieuten- 
 ant William O'Keefe, and Lieutenant James AVrinn had 
 constantly given the chief, his own official duties had been 
 rendered more easy and less unpleasant to execute. 
 
 During the last twelve months 5,802 arrests were made 
 against 5,<U2 in the previous year; the value of the prop- 
 erty recovered by the police was $21,761.68 against 
 55l3,36u.73 in 1885; the cash taken from and returned to 
 prisoners amounted to .^10,020. 74, as against $8,632.28 in 
 1885; and the sum total received by the department for 
 licenses was $1,596.50, as against $1,210.50 in the previous 
 year. 
 
 More than one-half of the total number of arrests, to 
 wit. 3,122, were made for drunkenness. How many differ- 
 
118 MORE IMPORTANT POLICE STATISTICS. 
 
 ent persons these 3,122 sad cases represent, in other words, 
 liow many of the iinfortn nates called in police parlance, 
 ''old ronnders," found their way to the police station more 
 than once durino: the rear on account of drunkenness can- 
 not l)e learned. 
 
 In connection with this subject it may be of interest to 
 know that Xew Haven had 11:5 licensed saloons, and that 
 during the year 74 arrests were made for violations c>f the 
 Sunday licpior law ; 1,135 arrests were made for l)reaches of 
 the peace ; 283 for theft, and 11:9 for vagrancy. 
 
 Out of the 5,802 arrests made during the twelve months 
 loO were made on Sundays and 5,393 on week days, and 
 the average number of arrests made per Sunday was T.8<>, 
 while the average per week day was 17.23. Xo court is 
 held on Sunday and Monday's court docket is the result of 
 the work done by the police on two days, Saturday, wliich 
 usually furnishes more arrests tlian any other day. and Sun- 
 day which, as a rule, furnishes but few. And this fact was 
 not due to the lack of, but rather to an extraordinary degree 
 (>f , activity on the part of the department. Leaves of ab- 
 sence freely granted to the men on other days, ai-e, by an 
 established rule, denied on Saturdays and Sundays, except 
 for sickness and similar causes ; and in addition to the usual 
 number of patrolmen, four extra supernumeraries were put 
 on patrol duty every Saturday and Sunday. 
 
 Xot all the crimes enumerated in the furnished statistics 
 were committed in this city. A number of tlie . arrests 
 shown were made here by meml)ers of tins department for 
 offenses committed in other communities. Most of the 
 
MOKK 1>[1*<)RTANT i'OMCK STATISTICS. 119 
 
 arrests su made were for the lnii:lier eriines ; such were two 
 arrests for murder, two for arson, and others. 
 
 It sliuuld also be home in mind that, vahiahle as are 
 tliese statistics, they do not by any means show all the work 
 done by the department duriiiir the year. The most im- 
 portant service rendered by it is of necessity left nnre- 
 corded ; for it must be conceded that the value of the police 
 is to be judged more from the amount of crime it prevents 
 tliaii from the number of crimes it detects and punishes. 
 How much crime the police prevented, or, in other words, 
 how many more violations of the public law than have oc- 
 curred would have taken place in this community had it no 
 l)olice at all — this cannot be demonstrated by figures. 
 
 It can safely l)e said that the amount of crime com- 
 mitted here during the time covered by this report was con- 
 sideral)ly less than occurred during the same space of time 
 in most other communities of the same size, and that the 
 work done by the department Avould compare favorably 
 with most if not with all police departments having a simi- 
 lar number of men. But after all it must be admitted that 
 tlie fact that good order and quiet had prevailed, and that 
 the laws had been reasonably well obeyed, w^as chiefly due 
 to the exceptionally orderly disposition and highly moral 
 character of the great majority of the citizens. 
 
 Xumber of arrests : Male, 5,082 ; female, 72* > : total 
 5,802. Property recovered, value $1, 41:7.95; cash taken 
 from and returned to prisoners, $2,923.1:1. 
 
 Year Endinct December 1, 1887. 
 
 During the year the department had lost no member by 
 death. Doorman AVilliam Luby, of the Grand avenue pre- 
 
120 MORE IMPORTANT POLICE STATISTICS. 
 
 cinct, resigned Xovember 1, 18S7, after nearly seventeen 
 years of faithful service on the force. The resignation took 
 place May 3, 1887. 
 
 Second Sergeant AVilliam Iv. Schmidt, who first l)ecame 
 a 'New Haven police officer in 1859, and had been uninter- 
 ruptedly on the force since August 31, 1868, was put on 
 the veteran reserve force January 1, 1887. In consequence 
 of this the following promotions took place: Third Ser- 
 geant Albert Bradley was promoted second sergeant ; First 
 Roundsman John Driscoll was promoted third sergeant ; 
 Second Roundsman William E. McBride was promoted first 
 roundsman ; Patrohnan James Cook was promoted second 
 roundsman. 
 
 Six supernumeraries were promoted to the position of 
 permanent patrolmen, and eight supernumeraries were 
 assigned to regular street patrol duty. Among this latter 
 numl)er was F. W. AVatrous, who had been driver; his 
 place was filled by the selection of Seaman K. Smith as 
 driver number three, while Bernard F. Reilly was elected 
 the fourth driver. 
 
 The total number of the members of the department, 
 including eighteen supernumei'aries who Avere not regularly 
 called, was 125, while the number of those members of the 
 department who served daily in their official capacity, was 
 107, viz. : 10 promoted officers, 1 clerk, 1 surgeon, 1 elec- 
 trician, 5 special details, 1 veteran, 75 patrolmen, 8 super- 
 numeraries, -1 drivers, 1 janitor. Of these there report at 
 lieadquarters 6 promoted officers, 5 specials. 1 veteran, 50 
 patrolmen, 6 supers, 2 drivers and 1 janitor ; and at the pre- 
 
MOKK IMPORTANT I'OIJCK STATISTICS. 121 
 
 cinot 4 promoted officers, 25 patrolmen, 2 supers and 2 
 drivers. 
 
 It could not be expected that all the members of the 
 force should be equall}^ efficient, and as a fact thev were not. 
 Some were more intelligent, and some more zealous than 
 others, and there were differences in other respects, but the 
 force as a whole had done the year's work well, and had 
 conducted themselves in a satisfactory manner. The ne- 
 cessity of bringing members before the board on charges 
 had occurred only in four cases, Two of these were for 
 neglect of duty, one for entering a saloon in violation of 
 the rules, and one for intoxication while on duty. The 
 2)enalties imposed in these cases were respectively five days' 
 suspension, eight days' suspension, reducing one grade for 
 sixty days, and in the fourth case three and one-half days' 
 suspension and a permanent reduction of two grades. 
 
 One member was suspended from duty for three days 
 for disobedience ; he appealed, and the board increased the 
 suspension in his case to four days. One memljer was sus- 
 pended for one day for an act contrary to discipline, and 
 another lined one day's pay for absence from duty without 
 ail excuse. In a few other cases officers were reprimanded. 
 
 The records show the flattering testimonial that the 
 boai'd on several occasions during the year, by unanimously 
 passed resolutions, commended the work performed by the 
 department. 
 
 The sum total of the appropriation for the department 
 dui'ing the fiscal year was $115,275. Of tliis there was 
 actually expended : Pay-roll, $109,607.09 ; alarm system. 
 
122 MOKE IMPORTANT POLICE STATISTICS. 
 
 $2,5^1:8.64; forage, $706.75; wagon and harness repairs. 
 $299.65 ; sundries, including part pay for one horse, 
 $1,143.91; voting places, $70.00: total, $114,436.04. Fn- 
 expended balance returned, $836.96. 
 
 The statistical part of the report shows that the entire 
 number of arrests made durino- the year was 5.941 ao^ainst 
 5,802 in the previous year, an increase of 139. Of these 
 5,941 arrests 3,491 were for drunkenness as against 3.122 for 
 this cause in 1886. The following will demonstrate how 
 the arrests made during the year wei'e divided with refer- 
 ence to the days of the week : 
 
 Arrests for all causes: Sundays, 390, Mondays, 988, 
 Tuesdays, 896, Wednesdays, 813, Thursdays, 798, Fridays. 
 823, Saturdays, 1,233: total, 5,941. 
 
 Arrests fol- drunkenness: Sundays, 208, Mondays. 53s, 
 Tuesdays, 546, Wednesdays, 439, Thursdays, 492, Fridays, 
 472, Saturdays, 796: total, 3,491. 
 
 Average number of arrests per Sunday for drunkenness, 
 4 ; average number of arrests per week day for drunken- 
 ness, 10.49 ; average number of arrests per Sunday for all 
 other causes, 3.5 ; average number of arrests per week day 
 for all other causes, 7.24. 
 
 The 3,491 cases of drunkenness represented 2,29() differ- 
 ent individuals, some of wdiom, rounders, were during the 
 year arrested several times for l)eing drunk, thus making up 
 the sum total given. 
 
 From the foregoing it will be noticed that arrests made 
 for the last mentioned cause this year are 369 more than 
 those of the previous year. Of this increase 241 cases are 
 
MOKK IMPOKTANT FOLICE (STATISTICS. 123 
 
 to 1)0 credited tu the (Tnind avenue ])reciiict force, and I'JS to 
 tlie lieadcjuarter's force. The growing niiniber of arrests 
 for intoxication made during the past two years hy the pre- 
 cinct force is to be accounted for chietly by the fact that 
 since May <), ISSd, tlie precinct had its own sej^arate alai-m 
 system and patrol wagon. 
 
 There were in the city, exclusive of drug stores, 414 
 places licensed for the sale of intoxicating drink and during 
 the year 120 arrests were made for violation of the licpior 
 license law against 99 of the year before. Of these 12i) 
 arrests, T<) were for selling liquor on Sunday, 45 for selling 
 without a license, 4 for selling to minors, and 1 for keeping 
 open after midnight. 
 
 For breaches of the peace 943 arrests were made against 
 1,135 in 1SS6, a decrease of 192. 
 
 For theft and theft fi'om the person, the arrests were 
 22>!, while during the previous year their mimber was 283. 
 
 For burglary and attempt at burglary, fifty-seven j^er- 
 sons were arrested this year against fifty-one recorded in the 
 pi-eceding report. Most of these burglaries were committed 
 by young men and boys belonging in this city ; they 
 occurred chiefiy in small stores and saloons from which 
 usually nothing but a moderate amount of tobacco and 
 cigars, and in a few cases small sums of money left over 
 night in the money drawers were taken. In fact the loss 
 by theft and Inirglary during this year was remarkal)ly 
 small, smaller than for many years. Xearly all the parties 
 guilty of these olfenses were apprehended, tried and con- 
 
124 MORE IMPORT AXT POLICE STATISTICS. 
 
 victed, and by far the greater part of the stolen property 
 Avas recovered. 
 
 Of the tliree recorded arrests for murder, two were made 
 for tlie killing of Mrs. Ernst, and one for the killing of Mrs. 
 Thorn 2)son. 
 
 Mrs. Margaret Ernst, an elderly German woman, was 
 killed in her lonely saloon on Spruce street, late in the 
 evening. May 9, 1887, by two young men who had come 
 here from Kew York on the same evening for the purpose 
 of robbing her. Admitted by her into the saloon they 
 gagged and chloroformed and unintentionally killed her. 
 With a few dollars found in the till as their 'sole booty the 
 murderers left and took the 11:50 p.m. train forXew York, 
 having remained in this city only about two hours. The 
 crime was first discovered about 7 o'clock the next morning. 
 Two days later the murderers. Chamberlain and Taylor, 
 twenty-three and twenty-one years old respectively, were 
 arrested in Xew York by the police of that city and both 
 confessed their crime. They were subsequently brought 
 here. Their trial resulted in a verdict of guilty of murder 
 in the second degree with imprisonment for life as punish- 
 ment. For the important services rendered in this case 
 great credit is due to the jSTew York jjolice and to its chief 
 of detectives, Thomas Byrnes. 
 
 Mrs. Harriet Thompson, colored, was killed at her home 
 on AYebster street in the night of June In, 1887. She had 
 on this occasion several colored male visitors, more or less 
 under the infiuence of liquor, and one of them, William 
 Cisco, rpiarrelled with and used violence on her. In the 
 
M(^KK IMPOKTANT I'OIJCE STATISTICS. 125 
 
 (juarrel she fell or was kiiueked clown and died soon after. 
 Cisco was arrested during the same night by officers of the 
 department, wlio also gatliered the evidence in the case. 
 On liis trial tlie question arose whetlier Mrs. Thompson 
 died fruni the accidental fall or from violence inflicted l)y 
 Cisco. 
 
 The day of the dedication of the Soldiers' and Sailors' 
 Moiuiment on East Rock Park, Jnne 17, 1887, as well as 
 the day and night preceding it, was a bnsy time for the 
 department. 
 
 It is safe to state that the number of visitors who came 
 here on June 17th to witness the dedication exercises and 
 to see the city's illustrious guests. Generals Sheridan 
 Sherman, Terry and others, at least equalled the number of 
 our regular population. Xever before did New Haven 
 hold so many, human beings. . To properly protect them 
 against accidents, and loss from professional criminals from 
 the great cities, and to make room for and keep order dur- 
 ing the immense procession and exercises was a greater 
 task than had ever fallen to this force before. But the de- 
 partment proved equal to the emergency. 
 
 All its members were taxed to their fullest capacity and 
 worked considerable extra time, and every man did his duty 
 cheerfully and well. In consequence of this the best of 
 order was maintained, no accidents occurred, and only two 
 cases of loss of property were reported, viz. : the theft of a 
 gold watch which w^as subsequently recovered, and the loss 
 of about four dollars in money. On this day, as is but 
 natural, more arrests were made than on any other day of 
 
126 MORE IMPORTANT POLICE STATISTICS. 
 
 the year, and vet, considering the occasion, tlie nnnd)ei* was 
 remarkably snialL Out of tlie total fifty-six arrests made, 
 thirty-two were for intoxication. Eight pi-ofessional pick- 
 pockets were pnt beliind the bars early in the day, liye 
 persons were arrested for breach of the peace, four for 
 peddling without license, two for carrying concealed 
 weapons, one for theft from the person and one each for 
 interfering with an officer, for abusiye language, for lasciy- 
 ious carriao-e, and for cruelty to animals. 
 
 From January 1, to December 31, ISST, inclusiye, 385 
 indiyidual females were arrested ; of these 243 were 
 arrested once during said year, 63 twice, 31 three times, 13 
 four times, 12 five times, 12 six times, 8 seyen times, 2 
 eight times and 1 nine times, making in all 732 cases of 
 arrest. The arrests of females formed about 12 percent, of 
 the total number of arrests of both sexes. Of the 732 
 arrests of females there were -128 or 12.26 per cent, for 
 drunkenness; 87 or 9.()9 per cent, for l)reach of the peace; 
 84 or 45.65 per cent, for lasciyious carriage and fornication ; 
 29 for residing in houses of ill-fame; 17 or 8.37 per cent, 
 for theft ; 15 or 12.5 per cent for yiolation of the liquor 
 law ; 10 or 6.29 per cent, for yagrancy ; 9 for soliciting 
 illicit intercourse ; 9 for keeping a house of ill-fame ; 7 for 
 contempt of court; 5 for adultery ; 5 for night walking; 4 
 for being common drunkards ; 4 or .16 per cent, as insane ; 
 2 as f ugitiyes f rom the Industrial School ; 2 for disobedience; 
 2 for keeping a disorderly house ; and one each for abduc- 
 tion. Sabbath-breaking, abusing an officer, idleness, begging, 
 carrying a concealed weapon, passing counterfeit money. 
 
^loKK IMI'ORTANT POLICE STATISTICS. 127 
 
 ivsc'iiiiig an iinpoiinded cow and violation of tlie dairy law. 
 The percentages above stated ai'i3 the percentages of arrests 
 of both sexes for the resj^ective offense. 
 
 ()nt of 732 arrests of females in 181 cases the i)arty 
 arrested was discharged by the chief without being taken 
 before the conrt, in 160 cases the female charged was 
 allowed to leave the coftrt without being punished, being 
 either found not guilty or having judgment suspended, or a 
 nolle entered in her case ; in 370 cases the court inflicted 
 punishment by flue or imprisonment ; 10 girls were sent to 
 the Industrial School, and 2 women were bound over to the 
 Superior Court. 
 
 Of the 3S5 individual female prisoners, 11 or 2.86 per 
 cent, were under sixteen years ; 25 or 6.49 per cent, were 
 from sixteen to twenty years old inclusive; 126 or 32.73 
 per cent, were from twenty-one to thirty yeai-s old inclu- 
 sive ; 116 or 30.13 per cent, were from thirty-one to forty 
 years inclusive ; 67 or 17.40 per cent, were from forty-one 
 to fifty years inclusive ; and 40 or 10.39 per cent, were over 
 fifty years of age. 
 
 Residents of this city were 321, and 64 belonged else- 
 where. 
 
 About 100 of the 385 gave immediate bail and were not 
 held as prisoners. 
 
 During ninety-two days of the year no female was put 
 under arrest. 
 
 It had been the custom for years to bring to the police 
 station little children who had strayed from their homes or 
 had been lost in the streets. Here in the general office they 
 
128 MORE IMrORTANT POLICE STATISTICS. 
 
 liad to be kept until their parents or friends were found and 
 called for tliem. The impropriety of this is self -apparent. 
 Through the kindness of Mr. Sherwood O. Preston, agent 
 of the '' Organized Charities," a change for the better was 
 brought about. Instead of to police headquarters the little 
 ones are now taken to the rooms of the '' Organized Chari- 
 ties," on Church street. 
 
 The winter was extremely severe and full of storms. 
 The latter frequently left the sidewalks in a dangerous con- 
 dition and furnished hard work for the street inspector and 
 sidewalk inspector whose duty it is to keep the thorctugh- 
 fares in a reasonably clean and safe condition. Much as- 
 sistance was rendered to said officials by the department. 
 The following ligures will show the degree of activity shown 
 by the force : 
 
 Uncleaned sidewalks reported by the police: ISSl, 301 ; 
 1882, none; 1883, none; 1881:, -lO-l; 1885, 143; 1880, 273; 
 1887, 1154. 
 
 Number of arrests : Male, 5,206 ; female, 735 : total, 
 5,941. 
 
 Stolen and lost property recovered, value 815,397.47 ; 
 cash taken from prisoners for safe keeping and returned to 
 them, $11,251.81. 
 
James Cook, 
 sergeant. 
 
 Henky M. Chockku, 
 sergeant. 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 OVER ONE-HALF ARRESTS FOR DRUNKENNESS. 
 
 ^Iniiicipal Strength of the Department— Changes in the Roster — A 
 Student Mortally Shot in front of a Saloon — Burglary. Theft 
 and other Crimes — Extract £i-om the Chief's Report — The De- 
 partment Eulogized— Bungling House Burglars. 
 
 Year Ending December 1, 1888. 
 T^HE entire numerical strength of the Pohce department 
 was one hundred and thirty-three. Of these twenty- 
 live were supernumeraries who were called on duty only 
 when special occasions required their services, the remain- 
 ing one hundred and eight were employed every dav. They 
 were : 10 promoted officers, 1 clerk, 1 surgeon, 1 electrician, 
 5 special details, 2 veterans, 77 patrolmen, 5 active >super- 
 numeraries, 4 drivers, 1 janitor, 1 janitress: total, 108. 
 
 The central station had six promoted officers, five spe- 
 cial details, two veterans, fifty patrolmen, five active super- 
 numeraries, two drivers, and one janitor. 
 
 The Grand avenue precinct liad four promoted officers, 
 twenty-seven patrolmen, two drivers, and one janitress. 
 
 In accordance with arrangements made October, 1885? 
 and March, 1888, two supernumeraries of the department 
 
130 OVER ONE-HALF ARRESTS FOR DRUXKEXNESS. 
 
 continued to do police duty daily in the borough of Fair 
 Haven East, and two others in the school district of West- 
 ville. They were no expense to the city, but received their 
 pay as well as their orders from officials of said borough or 
 district respectively. 
 
 CHANGES IX THE ROSTER. 
 
 December 27, 1887, Supernumerary Geo. L. Wheeler 
 was tried and dismissed from the force for unbecoming 
 conduct. 
 
 January 31, 1888, Supernnmerary Henry Phillips vol- 
 untarily resigned. 
 
 April 31, 1888, Patrolman Thomas McCarthy was tried 
 and dismissed from the force for unbecoming conduct. 
 
 April 3, 1888, Patrolman James Mealia, by request of the 
 board, tendered his resignation, which was accepted. 
 
 May 1, 1888, Patrolman Hugh Doherty, 59 years old, a 
 patrolman since March 3, 1874, and previously a supernu- 
 merary, was, on account of physical disability, retired to the 
 veteran reserve at half pay, as long as able to perform 
 live hours duty daily. 
 
 June 1, 1888, Patrolman Pudolf Mani, who had actively 
 served as a supernumerary since IS^ovember 29, 1882, and as 
 a patrolman since August 5, 188-1, was honorably discharged 
 on account of feeble health. 
 
 September 4, 1888, Supernumerary James A. Sullivan 
 was dismissed from the force on account of intemperance. 
 
 One patrolman was reduced to a supernumerary and one 
 supernumerary was relieved from active duty. Four super- 
 numeraries were put on regular active duty and twelve new 
 
ovp:r one-half arrests for drunkenness. 131 
 
 names were added to the list of non-active supernumeraries. 
 The following are cases in which the punishment of mem- 
 bers of the force fell short of a dismissal : 
 
 One patrolman was found guilty of intoxication while 
 on duty and he was reduced to the lowest position on the 
 force — supernumerary Grade E. Two patrolmen were each 
 suspended from duty for six days, and also reduced in rank 
 one grade for sixty days, for having on several occasions 
 left their beats without proper cause. One patrolman was 
 reduced one grade sixty days for improper conduct. 
 Three patrolmen the board ordered to be publicly repri- 
 manded by its president, two for unbecoming conduct, and 
 one for having left his beat without proper cause. One 
 supernumerary was found gnilty of gross neglect of duty 
 and he was relieved from active service. One patrolman 
 was suspended from duty for five days for having gone 
 home in the middle of his hours of duty without tele- 
 phoning to or otherwise notifying the office, as he could 
 easily have done, thus causing his beat to be unprotected 
 the greater part of the night. He claimed he did not feel 
 well and went home. One patrolman was suspended for 
 one day for neglect of duty. Four patrolmen forfeited half 
 a day's pay each for having been late at roll call. Two 
 patrolmen were reprimanded for having conducted them 
 selves disrespectfully towards the roundsmen. 
 
 The tal:)le on the following page shows the appropria- 
 tions made for, and the amounts expended by, the depart- 
 ment during the past fiscal year : 
 
132 
 
 OVER ONE-HALF AKRESTS FOR DRUXKEXNESS. 
 
 
 Appropriated. 
 
 Expended. 
 
 Balance 
 Returned. 
 
 Pay-roll 
 
 sir^ 300 00 
 
 8111,729.71 
 968.13 
 525.00 
 2.028.50 
 300.00 
 92.50 
 825.00 
 453.90 
 225.00 
 
 8570.29 
 31.87 
 
 . . . 
 5.05 
 
 " 7.50 
 
 '21.10 
 
 75.00 
 
 300.00 
 
 Sundries, 
 
 Forage, 
 
 Police alarm, 
 
 AVagon and harness repairs 
 
 Voting places, 
 
 Precinct repairs. 
 
 New Avagon and van, .... 
 
 Parcliase of horse 
 
 Lock-iip repairs, 
 
 1.000.00 
 525.00 
 
 2.033.55 
 300.00 
 100.00 
 825.00 
 475.00 
 300.00 
 300-00 
 
 
 $118,158.55 
 
 8117.147.74 
 
 81.010.81 
 
 Estimating Xew Haven's population at 80,000, tlie ex- 
 pense during the year for police purposes had l)eeii one 
 dollar and forty-six cents per inhabitant. 
 
 Between six and seven o'clock on tlie evening of Xo- 
 vember 29, 1888, Thanksgiving Day, John B. King, 21: 
 years old. who resided in West Haven and read law at an 
 attorney's office in this city, was found mortally shot in front 
 of a saloon at the corner of Orchard and Charles streets. 
 He died in a few moments after being found. There was no 
 indication or clue as to the murderer. All looked dark, but 
 the members of the force went to Avurk on the case with a 
 good will. Nothing was left undone to find out the 
 murderer and to prevent his escape, and although there ap- 
 peared to be but little, if any, promise of success at first, yet 
 by means of good police work it was ascertained during the 
 forenoon of the next day, Friday, Xovember 30, that King 
 had been killed by George Donovan, of Xo. 64 Charles 
 street, 22 years old, who was missing. Donovan had been 
 
OVER ONE-HALF ARRESTS FOR DRUNKENNESS. 133 
 
 employed in teaming for liis brother. Later during Friday 
 an overcoat and a revolver were found near, and a hat was 
 discovered in, the reservoir, near Prospect street, and these 
 articles were identified as Donovan's property. The work 
 of drawing off the water of the reservoir was at once com- 
 menced and on the morning of the next day, Saturday, 
 December 1, Donovan's dead body was found at the bottom 
 of the reservoir. He had drowned himself durins: Thurs- 
 day night. The motive for the murder and suicide arose 
 out of improper intimacy on the part of both King and 
 Donovan with the same woman. 
 
 There were about the usual number of arrests for offenses 
 against property, but the value of the property involved in 
 the reported cases of burglary, theft, and similar crimes 
 were very small, and while the crime of horse stealing- 
 seemed to increase in the state, not a horse had been stolen 
 from the city, during the past four years, which the depart- 
 ment had not recovered and restored to its owner. 
 
 During the year 6,1^1:9 arrests Avere made. A complete 
 classification of them, prepared with great accuracy l)y Mr. 
 Charles T. Candee, formed tlie most important part of the 
 yearly report. A comparison of the arrests made for the 
 most frequent causes during the past five years may l)e 
 found on the following page : 
 
13i 
 
 OVEK ONE-HALF AERESTS FOR DRUNKENNESS. 
 
 Offenses. 
 
 Drnnkeuuess 
 
 Breach of the peace .... 
 
 Theft aucl theft from the 
 person 
 
 Vagrancy or Ijegging . . . 
 
 Lascivious carriage and for- 
 nication 
 
 Violating- city ordinances . 
 
 Crime, trespass on cars and 
 otherwise 
 
 Injury to property .... 
 
 Violation of liquor law l)y 
 selling Sundays 
 
 Violation liquor law other- 
 wise 
 
 Non-support of family . . . 
 
 Burglary, and attempt at . 
 
 House of ill fame, residing 
 in and frequenting . . . 
 
 House of ill fame, keeping . 
 
 Gaming, and keeping gam- 
 ing house 
 
 Arrests of males 
 
 Arrests of females .... 
 
 Total arrests 
 
 Arrests. 
 
 1884: 
 
 3.111 
 1,099 
 
 310 
 173 
 
 151 
 194 
 
 42 
 64 
 
 113 
 53 
 45 
 
 GS 
 31 
 
 6 
 
 5,188 
 
 5,945 
 
 1885 
 
 3.015 
 1,095 
 
 264 
 lOG 
 
 110 
 162 
 
 15 
 47 
 
 oCj 
 
 61 
 80 
 38 
 
 37 
 11 
 
 71 
 
 4,979 
 
 653 
 
 5,632 
 
 1886 
 
 3.122 
 1,144 
 
 283 
 149 
 
 109 
 177 
 
 47 
 67 
 
 55 
 51 
 
 34 
 16 
 
 37 
 
 5,060 
 
 720 
 
 5.780 
 
 188; 
 
 3,491 
 957 
 
 228 
 159 
 
 184 
 147 
 
 18 
 64 
 
 70 
 
 50 
 34 
 57 
 
 45 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 5,186 
 
 735 
 
 1888 
 
 5,921 
 
 3,331 
 
 1.085 
 
 307 
 204 
 
 91 
 
 34 
 
 'Jo 
 5,397 
 
 6.149 
 
 Aver- 
 age. 
 
 3.214 
 1,076 
 
 279 
 158 
 
 138 
 157 
 
 39 
 61 
 
 64 
 
 6S 
 oo 
 45 
 
 42 
 
 18 
 
 31 
 ,162 
 723 
 
 5.885 
 
 These figures show that the year's arrests for the lead- 
 ing causes are, with a very feAv exceptions, about the aver- 
 age number. "While there are twentv-eight cases more of 
 petty thieving, there are eleven less of burglary. Last 
 year's uncommonly high number of arrests for vagrancy or 
 begging (204) has been surpassed only once in the history 
 of the department, namely, in 1874, when 215 such arrests 
 were recorded. Arrests for the allied offense of trespass on 
 the cars were also unusuallv numerous. Both increases are 
 
OVER ONE-HALF ARRESTS P\)R DRUNKENNESS. 135 
 
 due ill a o-reat measure, if not entirely, to the diseontinuance 
 of the custoni of furnishing at tlie pohce stations free lodg- 
 ings to all applicants, and also to the special instructions 
 given to the whole force, since July 1, to watch for and ar- 
 rest all vagrants, beggars, and tresspassers. The above 
 nientioned custom, which prevailed here for many years and 
 still exists in some cities, certainly encouraged vagrancy and 
 tramping. I am satisfied that the change made is a bene- 
 ficial one. This change and the recent numerous arrests 
 for vagrancy, and the arrests and bindings over, under the 
 dreaded '' Tramp Act," will soon become generally known 
 among the roving fraternity, and travehng mendicants will 
 cease to make our city a stopping place. Let me mention 
 here that this new departure ini^olves no cruelty or hard- 
 ship. The homeless and penniless who live in or come to 
 Xew Haven, can still make sure of a shelter and of some- 
 thing to eat. Those who are unable to work will be taken 
 care of by the town as the law provides, while those who 
 are able-bodied are directed to the " Organized Charities," 
 on Church street, where by a reasonable amount of work in 
 the wood-yard or laundry, they can always secure lodging 
 and necessary meals. Many of those who under the old 
 custom would have been lodged free of charge at the police 
 stations, and who would have begged their meals of kind- 
 hearted but injudicious residents, now work for and earn 
 their board and lodging.- 
 
 Year Ending December, 1889. 
 The police department had at this date a total numer- 
 ical strength of one hundred and thirty-eight. Twentj^-nine 
 of these were supernumeraries not regularly detailed for 
 
136 OVER OXE-HALF ARRESTS FOR DRUNKENNESS. 
 
 city service, but called on duty only on special occasions. 
 The remaining one hundred and thirteen were employed in 
 the service of the city every day, namely: 9 promoted 
 officers, 1 clerk, 1 surgeon, 2 electricians, 2 detectives, 1 
 truant officer, 1 court officer, 1 doorman, 3 veterans, 
 82 patrolmen, 8 acting supernumeraries, 21 supernumera- 
 ries, 4 drivers, 1 janitor, 1 janitress : total, 138. 
 
 The central station had six promoted officers, two 
 detectives, one ti'uant officer, one court officer, one door- 
 man, three veterans, fifty-four patrolmen, four active super- 
 numeraries, two drivers, and one janitor. 
 
 The Grand avenue precinct had four promoted officers, 
 twenty-seven patrolmen, two drivers, and one janitress. 
 
 Beyond the city limits. — Two supernumeraries of this 
 department remained in the daily employment of the bor- 
 ough of Fair Haven East, and two were regularly employed 
 by the school district of Westville under the arrangements 
 entered into October, 1885, and March, 1888, respectively. 
 
 In connection with the amendment to the city charter, 
 generally known as the police pension law, passed by tlie 
 legislature of this state, May 8, 1889, it was deemed de- 
 sirable to have in a handy form the date of birth and the 
 date of permanent aj^pointment of every member of the 
 department to whom the befoi-e mentioned law should 
 apply. 
 
 January 1, 1889, Austin L. W. Kittredgewas appointed 
 assistant electrician and lineman. 
 
 May 1. 1889, Supernumerary John Toole, who had been 
 suspended Sej^tember 11, 1888, was dismissed from the 
 force for o-ross neo^lect of dutv. 
 
OVER ONE-HALF ARRESTS FOR DRUNKENNESS. 137 
 
 June 4-, ISSli, Thomas Kennedy, the well known depot 
 otficer, and the oldest j^atrolnian in the department, who, 
 by reason of sickness had been unable to do duty since 
 January 14, 1889, was transferred to the veteran reserve. 
 
 August 16, 18S0, Patrohnan Michael Cannon who had 
 been a permanent member of the department since June 
 24, 1871, was dismissed from the force for intoxication 
 while on duty. 
 
 September 7, 1889, veteran Adolph Ileg-let died. He 
 was appointed a patrolman September 5, 1879. In 1882, 
 while making an arrest, he received serious injuries from 
 which he never fully recovered. He performed his last 
 police duty on December 6, 1888, and was sick from that 
 day until he died. On June 4, 1889 he was transferred to 
 the veteran reserve. The funeral of officer Heglet took 
 place in the afternoon of September 10,- 1889. As a mark 
 of respect to the memory of the dead officer, his burial was 
 attended by the board of police commissioners and by the 
 police force in a body. 
 
 In addition to the two dismissed officers already men- 
 tioned the board of police commissioners tried live other 
 members of tlie department during the past year. Of these 
 (December 8, 1888,) two were reduced in rank one grade 
 for two months and ordered to be reprimanded for willful 
 neglect of duty. Two others (February 26, 1889,) the 
 board reduced one grade for one month and ordered to be 
 reprimanded for drinking intoxicating liquor while on duty. 
 In the tifth case (July 16, 1889,) the board reduced the 
 officer one grade for three months for unbecoming conduct. 
 The chief had occasion to impose penalties in accordance 
 
138 OYER ONE-HALF ARRESTS FOR DRUNKENNESS. 
 
 with the rules of the department in live instances. The 
 lightest penalty was half a day's suspension from duty, and 
 the heaviest was a suspension of five days. The former 
 Avas given because the officer in question had stopped to 
 lunch at a restaurant on the way to his beat, and the latter 
 penalty was imposed l)ecause the officer in that case had 
 negligently patrolled the territory allotted to him and had 
 repeatedly and without good cause left his beat. Two 
 patrolmen were late at roll call and forfeited each half a 
 a day's pay. Another patrolman remained off duty witliout 
 notice or excuse and thereby under tlie board's rules forfeit- 
 ed one day's pay. 
 
 The chief's annual report contains the following: '* To 
 those who know the rules governing this police force and 
 the degree of discipline maintained among its more than 
 one hundred members the foregoing will l)e proof of the 
 good behavior of the average New Haven police officer. 
 Information obtained from other cities enables me to state 
 that there is less punishing and fining here than in the 
 average police force. An examination of our own records 
 Avill also prove that there is at present much less of that 
 kind of disciplining in this department than there was in 
 former years, and I gladly add that I believe there is less 
 necessity for it. Our police officers are by no means per- 
 fect, they, like other mortals, have their weaknesses and 
 shortcomings which occasionally need correcting, and some 
 need more attention in this respect than others, but on the 
 whole they are a body of orderly, faithful and brave men 
 who mean to do their full duty. I cheerfully bear testi- 
 mony that I have noticed, during the nine years of my offi- 
 
OVER ONE-HALF AKRESTS FOR DRUNKENNESS. 
 
 131» 
 
 cial connection with this department, a constant ini])rove- 
 inent in its 'morale and general efficiency." 
 
 The total number of arrests made by the department 
 during the year was 6,191, an increase of 49 as compared 
 with those of the year before. It will be seen that in this 
 respect this year's work of the force does not materially 
 diifer from that of the last preceding year. 
 
 As a ready means of comparison the following table, 
 showing the arrests made for the more frequent causes dur- 
 ing the past six years is given : 
 
 Offenses. 
 
 Arrests. 
 
 188-1: ' 1885 
 
 1886 i 1887 I 1888 i 188!» 
 
 Drunkenness 
 
 Breach of the peace .... 
 
 Theft, and theft from the 
 person 
 
 Vagranc}' or beggin.ii- • • • 
 
 Lascivious carriage and for- 
 nication 
 
 Violating city ordinances . 
 
 Crime, trespass on cars and 
 otherwise 
 
 Injury to property 
 
 Violating- liquor law by sell- 
 ing Sundays 
 
 Violating liquor law other- 
 wise 
 
 Xon-support of family . . 
 
 Burglary, and attempt at . 
 
 House of ill fame, residing 
 in and frequenting . . 
 
 House of ill fame, keeping . 
 
 Gaming and keeping gaming 
 house 
 
 Arrests of males 
 
 Arrests of females .... 
 
 Total arrests 
 
 3.111 
 1,099 
 
 810 
 173 
 
 151 
 19-4 
 
 •42 
 64 
 
 52 
 
 113 
 53 
 45 
 
 (\>^ 
 31 
 
 
 
 5,188 
 
 757 
 
 .9-45 
 
 3,015 
 1,095 
 
 264 
 
 106 
 
 110 
 162 
 
 15 
 47 
 
 61 
 80 
 38 
 
 37 
 11 
 
 71 
 
 4,979 
 
 753 
 
 5.63i? 
 
 3,122 
 1,144 
 
 283 
 149 
 
 109 
 
 177 
 
 47 
 67 
 
 25 
 oo 
 51 
 
 34 
 16 
 
 37 
 
 5,060 
 
 720 
 
 5.780 
 
 3,491 ! 3,331 3.512 
 957 I 1,085 I 1,000 
 
 228 
 159 
 
 184 
 147 
 
 18 
 64 
 
 50 
 34 
 57 
 
 45 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 5,186 
 
 735 
 
 .921 
 
 307 
 204 
 
 137 
 90 
 
 91 
 52 
 34 
 
 28 
 12 
 
 279 
 
 208 
 
 112 
 59 
 
 59 
 
 35 
 
 133 
 57 
 
 48 
 
 10 
 
 25 
 5,397 
 
 5.437 
 754 
 
 6.149 6.1!il 
 
140 OVER OXE-IIALF ARRESTS FOR DRUNKENNESS. 
 
 Xo murder occurred in Xew Haven since the previous 
 report. There were several cases, of death resulting from 
 accident, and in some of them the question arose whether 
 the victim's death was or was not due to the criminal care- 
 lessness of another. On April 17, 1889, a workman en- 
 gaged on the new Osborn memorial hall on the campus of 
 Yale university, was killed by a heavy stone which a fellow 
 workman in the course of his work, had thrown from one 
 of the upper stories of the new building. On July 4, 1889, 
 a boy was shot and killed by a man who was shooting at a 
 mark on the outskirts of the city. On Xovember 16, 1889. 
 a vouno' woman was killed by the accidental discharo^e of a 
 rifle in the hands of a man employed in the same household 
 with her. Arrests were made in these cases, but the parties 
 arrested were subsequently discharged, the court or the 
 proper judicial official finding that the evidence did not con- 
 clusively prove criminal carelessness. 
 
 During the latter part of the year several house burg- 
 laries, and a number of unsuccessful attempts at the same 
 crime, had taken place. Altliough the successful burglaries 
 were few and the amouiit of property lost in connection 
 with them was conq^aratively insignificant, they and tlie 
 persistent attempts caused considerable anno^^ance to citi- 
 zens, and in no less degree to officials of the police depart- 
 ment. With a few exceptions these crimes were undoul^t- 
 edly committed by parties residing here. The criminals 
 showed little experience but considerable boldness and a 
 fair acquaintance with the hours of duty of the police 
 officers on whose l)eats the premises to be attacked were 
 
OVER ONE-HAr.P^ AKRKSTS FOR DRUNKENNESS. 141 
 
 situated. Tliework was evideiith' not all dune by one per- 
 son nor by one gang. Extra police measures were adopted. 
 The beats and hours of the patrolmen were changed from 
 time to time, and a number of patrolmen were ordered to 
 ])atrol in citizen's dress. Suspected persons were watched 
 as closely as circumstances would permit, and several of 
 them left the citv. A few arrests, followed by conviction 
 ov binding ovei", with the bound-over party again at liberty 
 under bonds, had been made, but the evil had not been 
 wholly suppressed. 
 
 The comparative statement of arrests shows that the 
 year's police work had been of about the same amount and 
 character as that of the years immediately preceding. A 
 noticeable exception, however, appears under the head of 
 •' violating city ordinances,'' and it may be well to explain 
 the reason for this. During the latter part of the year 1888 
 a case was tried in the city court, and subsequently in the 
 court of common pleas, criminal side, in which the cpiestion 
 was raised whether, with regard to a lartre nunil)er of our 
 city ordinances, their enforcement by criminal procedure 
 was legal, or whether they could be lawfully enforced only 
 by a ciA^l suit. Judicial officers and others learned in the 
 law entertained serious doubts on this point, and the case in 
 which it was raised was iinally taken to the supreme court. 
 Durincr its pendency, the police force was instructed, by 
 advice of the city court officials, not to make any arrests 
 under the questionable ordinances. Later, however, it had 
 been decided by the supreme court that in the cases in 
 (juestion the criminal procedure was perfectly proper. 
 
142 OVER ONE-HALF ARRESTS FOR DRUNKENNESS. 
 
 Taken bv months, tlie year's arrests were made as fol- 
 
 low 
 
 December, 1888 525 June, 1889 511 
 
 January, 1889 548 July, 1889 63G 
 
 February. 1889, 434 Ausrust, 1889 535 
 
 March, 1889 451 September, 1889 475 
 
 April, 1889 516 October, 1889 .548 
 
 May, 1889 . . • • 479 November, 1889 533 
 
 With reference to the seven davs of the week, the 6,191 
 arrests were divided as follows : Sundays, 449 ; Mondays, 
 1,016 ; Tuesdays, 984 ; Wednesdays, 908 ; Thursdays, 861 ; 
 Fridays, 687; Saturdays, 1,286: total, 6,191. 
 
 Under the city ordinance whicli authorizes the superin- 
 tendent of police to discharge persons arrested for trivial 
 offenses, witliout taking them before the court, 1,851 per- 
 sons so arrested, and included in the stated total of 6,191, 
 were discharged. In the great majority of these 1,851 
 cases the arrest was made for drunkenness only, and the 
 party arrested had either never before fallen into the hands 
 of the police, or more than four months had elapsed since 
 his last arrest. Being locked up over night, and until per- 
 fectly sober, with an additional admonition, was deemed 
 sufficient punishment in their cases. 
 
 During the fiscal year the police department cost the 
 city $117,728.44. 
 
 The department, as usual, has managed to limit its 
 expenditures within the different appropriations. ISo extra 
 allowance and no transfer of balances had been asked for, 
 and a strict economy had been the rule in all matters 
 affecting the finances. 
 
OVER OXE-HALF ARRESTS FOR DRUNKENNESS. 148 
 
 For a number of years it had been customary in pre- 
 paring tlie estimated pay-roll to ask for $2,500 or |3,00U 
 less than would be necessary for a full time pay-roll, antici- 
 pating that the latter amount would l)e saved by absence 
 from duty on account of sickness or for other reasons. It 
 was recommended that this custom be discontinued, and 
 that an amount be asked for which would be sufficient to 
 pay the supernumeraries to take the places of absent offi- 
 cers. Under the rule granting each officer one day of rest 
 per month without loss of pay to him, there were on the 
 average three cases of absence per day without any saving 
 whatever to the pay-roll. Sufficient pay sliould have been 
 granted to enable tlie department at all times to have an 
 officer — either regular or supernumerary — on every beat in 
 the city. Under the then arrangement they wei-e compelled 
 to leave every night from four to five beats practically Avith- 
 out any police protection. 
 
 The department still continued to take the cloth neces- 
 sary for the uniforms of its members from Messrs. Sullivan, 
 Tail & Co., of Xos. 329 and 331 Broadway, Xew York. 
 Of this cloth, tliere had been sold during the year to the 
 amount of $728.77. 
 
 May 30, Decoration Day, the entire department was 
 ordered out for inspection and review, and all its members 
 who could be spared for that purpose were detailed as an 
 escort to the three Grand Army Posts during their parade. 
 
 On July 10, the centennial of the Grand Lodge of Con- 
 necticut Free Masons was celebrated by a great gatli- 
 ering of Free Masons, and a grand parade through 
 
14i OYER ONE-HALF ARRESTS FOR DRUNKENNESS. 
 
 the main streets. On September 3, the semi-Cen- 
 tennial of Connecticut Odd Fellowship was commemorated 
 in a similar manner. On both these occasions the major, 
 in conformity with the city ordinances, gave to the parade 
 the right of way, in consequence of which the entire line 
 of march was on botli days guarded by extra j^olice. In 
 addition the department furnished to each of the two pa- 
 rades a police escort composed in the first case entirely of 
 Free Masons and in the second instance of Odd Fellows. 
 
 The authority to increase the number of captains to four 
 and that of sergeants to eighteen was asked for and granted 
 for the purpose of enabling the department to establish and 
 to properly man two more police precincts or reporting 
 stations. And it was highly desirable that this work be 
 done at as early a date as the finances of the city would 
 permit. 
 
 As the population increases the police force should be 
 made stronger. During the past sixteen years the popula- 
 tion of Xew Haven had nearly doubled ; almost every 
 known nation had furnished its quota of this increase, yet 
 the number of patrolmen wa's the same that it was sixteen 
 years ago. Streets were patrolled only by about the same 
 number of policemen as they were in 1873. A reference 
 to the City Year Book of 1872, and to the City Year Book 
 of 1873, shows that in 1872 the police commission recom- 
 mended to the common council an immediate increase of 
 patrolmen to one hundred, and that in 1873 their number 
 was actually raised to eighty-five, which was exactly the 
 figure the roster showed. The department had only two 
 
John Driscoll, 
 sergeant. 
 
 William E. McBride, 
 sergeant. 
 
OVER OXE-IIALF ARRESTS FOR DRUNKENNESS. 145 
 
 detectives, the same number wliicli it had liad fur more tlian 
 twenty-five years. 
 
 Tlie police department needed strengthening:- if a proper 
 enforcement of law and order was to be expected. This 
 could have been most eifectually done by the addition of a 
 few more members to the force and bv establishine: two 
 new police precincts, one in the sonthwesterly and the other 
 in the northwesterly part of the city, with station houses 
 near the junction of Howard avenue and AVashington street, 
 and near the junction of Dixwell avenue and Webster 
 street, respectively. As all the Avagon work could well be 
 done from police headcpiarters, no additional liorses, wagons, 
 stables or large lock-ups would be necessary. 
 
 Each of these precincts, it was urged, should have a cap- 
 tain, three sergeants and about fifteen patrolmen, of which 
 mimber about one-half could then, under the new order of 
 things, be taken from the headquarters' force. 
 
 The establishment of such precincts, Avas recommended 
 on the ground that the police service would thereby be greatly 
 improved. Those officers wdio patrolled the outlying parts 
 of the city could be on their beats only a small part of their 
 tour of duty, the greater portion of their ten hours being 
 taken up by traveling to and from headquarters on their re- 
 ports. Some beats were so far from headquarters that the 
 respective officers could be on them only about three hours 
 out of ten. For this evil the new stations would furnish 
 the remedy. They would greatly increase the protection in 
 those parts of the city which were more than half a mile 
 distant from its center, and do away with the unnecessary 
 
146 OVER ONE-HALF ARKESTS FOR DRUNKENNESS. 
 
 crowding of the patrolmen near headquarters about report- 
 ing times. They would also bring about earlier and more 
 complete complaints and information with reference to 
 breaches of the law which occurred at some distance from the 
 center of the city ; for many citizens who were unwilling to 
 travel a mile or two to give the police information, would 
 be found ready to go a few blocks for that purpose. But 
 the greatest improvement would grow out of the fact that 
 the officers and the men at the headquarters and in the new 
 precincts would then have a smaller territory and fewer 
 persons to become acquainted with. And as specialists in 
 the different professions are expected to and do render better 
 services in their specialties than the general practitioners, so 
 would police officials then do better work in their limited 
 field of action. The experience of other cities — and the 
 Grand avenue precinct — proved tlie correctness of this as- 
 sertion. 
 
 The community would thereby be well repaid for any 
 reasonable outlay made in the direction above indicated, and 
 the recommended change would give to the many taxpayers 
 who resided or owned property remote from the center of 
 the city that amount of police protection for which they 
 had called so long and to which their city taxes seemed to 
 entitle them. 
 
CHAPTER XII. 
 
 IMPORTANT POLICE PKOCEEDINGS NARRATED. 
 
 Death of the Veteran Patrolman, Thomas Kennedy — No Case of Ho- 
 micide to Kecord for the Year 1890 — Shop Lifters and 
 Bunco Steerers Not In It — Horse Thieves Brought to Book 
 — Expense of a Policeman's Outflt. 
 
 Year Ending November 30, 1890. 
 I^URIXG the year, tlie following changes affecting the 
 roster took place : 
 
 December 30, 1889, Thomas Kennedy, the veteran 
 patrolman, died of paralysis. He first became a member 
 of the department as a snpernnmerary on August 26, 1861, 
 was made a regular patrolman on March 6, 1863, and re- 
 mained on regular duty as such until 1889, when 
 owing to physical infirmity, he was transferred to the 
 veteran reserve. For a long time he wore patrolman's 
 shield Xo. 1, and for many years did day duty at the Union 
 depot, where he became the general favorite of the traveling 
 pul)lic. His record in the department was without a 
 blemish. As a mark of respect to his memory the board 
 of police commissioners and the police force attended the 
 funeral. 
 
 January 21, 1890, Supernumerary Edward J. Coft'ey 
 died of pneumonia. He was first ordered on regular duty 
 
lis IMPORTANT POLICE PEOCEEDIXGS X AERATED. 
 
 March 5, 1S89, and received liis lirst promotion to grade D, 
 on September 6, 1SS9. 
 
 Marcli 4, 1890, Patrolman Moses Greenbanm, avLo Lad 
 been suffering from sickness, was transferred to the vet- 
 eran reserve. 
 
 April 22, 1890, Sergeant Lent Bishop resigned as a 
 member of tlie department. 
 
 Se2)tember 1, 1890, Driver Bernard J. Eeillywasput on 
 street patrol dutv. 
 
 During the year Henry S. Jarrett, Thomas J. Dunn and 
 Owen J. Daley were promoted from tlie supernumerary 
 grade to the rank of regular patrohnen. Supernumeraries 
 Charles O. Bowers, Wm. R. Curren, AVm. L. Wilhams, 
 Charles A. Sessler, Edward J. Lewis, Jeremiali McGrath 
 and Dennis W. Sheehan were ordered on street duty 
 regularly. 
 
 This left the departmeiit a total membership of 138 of 
 which 21 were supernumeraries not on duty l)ut subject 
 to call, while lit were employed in the service of the city 
 every day. They were : 9 promoted officers, 1 clerk, 1 
 surgeon, 2 electricians, 2 detectives, 1 truant officer, 1 court 
 officer, 1 doorman, 3 veterans, 82 patrolmen, 8 acting super- 
 numeraries, 3 drivers, 1 temporary driver, 1 janitor, 1 
 janitress. . 
 
 Of these the central station had 5 promoted officers and 
 sixty-two men doing street patrol duty, while the Grand 
 avenue precinct had four promoted officers and thirty men 
 on street patroL 
 
 The department made 5,869 arrests during the year. In 
 
IMPORTANT POLICE PROCEEDINGS NARRATED. 149 
 
 5,156 cases the persons arrested were males, and in 718 cases 
 females. 
 
 During the past year there were fifty-six arrests of 
 males and ten arrests of females less than the average of 
 the preceding five years. Policewise the last twelve months 
 were very quiet. There was no case of homicide to record, 
 and less crime had been committed than during the average 
 year. Shop-lifters and bunco-steerers had done no work. 
 Of the horse thieves who operated to an unusual extent in 
 this state and in adjoining ones the previous summer, and 
 who managed to get several Kew Haven teams, three were 
 brought before the courts, and a fourth one was discovered 
 and identiiied in a Yermont j^rison. All the stolen Kew 
 Haven horses were recovered. 
 
 During the preceding twelve months the department 
 arrested 315 females, who were residents, and fifty-seven 
 females who were not residents of the city — a total of 372 
 females. Of these some were arrested only once, while 
 others were arrested oftener during the year, and thus they 
 furnished 713 cases. 
 
 The cost of maintaining the department was practically 
 the same as during the year before. The ex|)enditures did 
 not exceed the total amount appropriated, but the sum 
 allowed for '' sundries " was spent sometime before the end 
 of the year, and it became necessary to ask for a transfer to 
 this account from the "horses" account, which was granted. 
 Out of the total appropriation of $11S,S60.00 the depart- 
 ment expended $118,281.83, and it returned into the eity 
 treasurv the unusual balance of $578.17. 
 
150 IMPORTANT POLICE PROCEEDINGS NARRATED. 
 
 A complete uniform consists of : 
 
 1 uniform overcoat, average price . . . $30.00 
 
 1 " dress coat, '' '' . . . 26.00 
 
 1 " blouse,- '' '' . . . 12.00 
 
 1 " vest, " '^ . . . 5.00 
 
 2 pairs uniform pantaloons, average price . 15.50 
 1 uniform helmet, average j^rice . . . 2.50 
 
 $91.00 
 
 In addition to the above every officer is expected to OAvn 
 a baton and belt, a billy, a revolver, nippers and a police 
 whistle, a further expense of about $15.00. 
 
 This expense it is seldom necessary to incur at once. 
 Those who join the force in the latter part of the year need 
 no dress coat until the following summer, and those who 
 become policemen in the Spring enjoy a number of pay 
 days before their first overcoat is to be j^urchased ; and 
 frequently the new comers manage to save by buying their 
 overcoats and dress coats from ex-members, from newly 
 promoted officers, or from such who, benefitted by the 
 healthy exercise of police service, have outgrown their 
 coats. 
 
 Once well fitted out, it takes but little money to keep in 
 uniform, as the more expensive articles last for a number 
 of years. 
 
 Taking the price before stated as a basis, the cost of all 
 these enumerated articles was $3,316.50, an average expense 
 of $45.1:3 per man for three years and seven months. The 
 
IMPOKTANT POLICE PKOCEEDINGS NARRATED. 151 
 
 lieaviest iiulividual account for said period amounts to 
 $141.00 and the lightest to $5.(iO. 
 
 Tliere were a good many other articles of wearing ap- 
 parel which policemen, like other men, must have, but 
 with them these facts had nothing to do. While, the newly 
 made supernumeraries buy and pay for their first outiit 
 with the utmost cheerfulness, on the other hand there 
 seemed to be a feeling among some of the older members 
 that money paid for parts of the prescribed uniform is 
 money wasted and that it amounts to an enormous sum, 
 when, as they learn the uniform has cost them on the aver- 
 age, a little over $15.00 per year, helmet included. 
 Year Ending IS'qvember 30, 1891. 
 
 The roster of the department stood as follows : Superin- 
 tendent, Tread well Smith, room 1, police building; Cap- 
 tain, William M. Hyde, station 3 ; James Wrinn, station 1 ; 
 William O'Keefe, station 2 ; James P. Brewer, station 4. 
 sergeants. 
 
 Albert Bradley, station 2 ; John Driscoll, hack inspector, 
 station 1 ; William E. McBride, 1 ; James Cook, 1 ; Philip 
 Heilly, detective, 1; John McGrath, 2; Bart. Tiernan, 4; 
 Samuel J. Woodruff, 4 ; Frederick H. Bissell, 4 ; Patrick 
 Bergin, 3 ; Jotham H. Orr, 3 ; Henry M. Crocker, 1 ; 
 Henry D. Cowles, active detective, 1 ; Charles Stonnant, 3 ; 
 Stephen F. McGann, 2 ; truant officer, James Sullivan, 1 ; 
 court officer, John F. Xettleton, 1 ; doorman, Richard 
 Moore, 1. 
 
 PATROLMEN, GRADE A. 
 
 Edgar Phelps , William H. Nichols, James W. Walter, 
 Thomas Hackett, 3 ; Charles E. Stokes, 2 ; George O. 
 
152 IMPOKTAXT POLICE PROCEEDINGS XAREATED. 
 
 Bradley, 1 ; Patrick Hart, Charles Shanalian, 2 ; William 
 Kearney, 3 ; Ben. S. Jackson, 2 ; John Longhlin, 1 ; Pat- 
 rick Clyne, Micliael Flannerv, 2 ; George W. Waas. 3 ; 
 Talcott Khocles, John McAvov, 2 ; Patrick Doherty, Bicey 
 Beegan, 1 ; Warren A. Pickering, 4 ; Terence Clancy, 
 Patrick Keilly, 2 ; Charles H. Pabor, 3 ; Michael Ahearn, 
 1 ; Christoplier Schroeder, 2 ; William E. Bowen, 3 ; 
 George J. Mnri^hy, 1 ; Joseph S. Stewart, William A. 
 Kiev, 3 ; Martin Higgins, Patrick McGoyern, 2 ; James 
 Keynolds, 1 ; Manrice Connolly, 2 ; John W. Grant, 1 ; 
 John M. Collett, 1 ; Simon Streit. 3 ; Adelmer G. Xettle- 
 ton, 2 ; Lonis D. Bixby, 1 ; Jeremiah Denneby, 2 ; 
 Theodore A. Tripp, 1 ; Michael Lanigan, Michael Farrell, 
 2 ; Louis Waas, 4 ; Peter McKeon, 2 ; James E. Doolittle, 
 4; Charles M. Meigs, 2; Michael F. Donegan, 1 ; Michael 
 McDermott, 2 ; William H. Tighe, Frank D. Cook, 3 ; 
 George L. Hyde, John T. McGrath, 1 ; James Shamp 
 John Kelly, John Koche, 2 ; Fennali W. Watrous, 1 . 
 Isaac Shields, 4: ; Elhs J. Good, 3 ; John H. Gilligan, 1 ; 
 George Marsliall, -i ; Kichard T. Moore, 1 ; Albert Gates, 
 2 ; John A. Dippold, John Stanford, 1 ; Louis J. St. Clair, 
 George Taylor, 1 ; James F. Lonergan, 2. 
 
 GRADE B. 
 
 Henry S. Jarrett, «Thomas J. Dunn, Owen J. Daley, 1. 
 
 GRADE c. 
 
 Charles O. Bowers, William K. Curren, William L. 
 Williams, 1 ; Bernard J. Keilly, Charles A. Sessler, 2 ; Ed- 
 ward J. Lewis, 4: ; Jeremiah McGrath, 1 ; Dennis W. 
 Sheehan, 2. 
 
IMPOKTANT rOLICE PKOCEEDINGS NARRATED. 153 
 
 SI I'ERNIMERARIES, GRADE D. 
 
 Joliii J. Flyiiii, o; John Allan, 1 ; Alexander Gibson, Jr., 
 4; AVillis J. Wiser, 1 ; John Eagan, 4; Michael J. O'Con- 
 nor, Thomas Powers, Jr., 1 ; Michael Doody, 4; James A. 
 Caniield, 1 ; Michael J. Coffey, 2 ; Charles A. Ilooj^er, 4. 
 
 DRiyERS. 
 
 John F. Doran, 1 ; Henry M. Poronto, 2 ; Seaman X. 
 Smith, 1 ; Ed\yard F. Lawlor, 2. 
 
 SUPERNUMERARIES, GRADE E. ON SUNDAY DUTY. 
 
 Hugh McKeon, William J. Welch, 1 ; Edwin C. Biirn- 
 liam, 3. 
 
 Clerk, Charles T. Candee. 
 
 Snrgeon, C. Purdy Lindsley, M. D. 
 
 Electricians, William C. Smith, Austin L. W. Kittredge. 
 
 Janitor, Richard Coogan. 
 
 Station Janitresses, Hannah Carr, Ann J. Mooney, Lizzie 
 Stephens. 
 
 YETERAN RESERYE. 
 
 Sergeant, William K. Schmidt ; patrolmen, Hugh 
 Doherty, Moses Greenbaum. Patrolman retired, George 
 F. Selleck. 
 
 SUPERNUMERARIES, NOT ON REGULAR DUTY. 
 
 Lyman E. Bradley, Pichard Coogan, Charles X. Mack, 
 Daniel Doody, Michael Cooney, Edgar J. Holton, Wells 
 C. Allen, Henry J. Hoffman, Edward A. Lawton, Cornel- 
 ius J. Eagan, Henry J. Donnelly, John H. Coonan, Bart. 
 Dailey, Thomas H. Colwell, Patrick J. Blake, William P. 
 Dailey, George L. Rowley, Charles F. Putney, William G. 
 Doherty, James P. Ward, Frederick Kober, Dan. H. Lins- 
 
154 IMPORTANT rOLICE PROCEEDINGS NARRATED. 
 
 lev, Stephen Eussell, M. J. Haves, Adolph Klaiber, John 
 Keenan. 
 
 Total number of arrests from December 1, 1S90, to De- 
 cember 1, 1891,-6,000. 
 
 POLICE STATIONS. 
 
 Xo. 1, police building, 165 Court street ; Xo. 2, 551 
 Grand avenue ; Xo. 3, 116 Howard avenue ; Xo. 4, 99 
 Dixwell avenue, corner of Eaton street. 
 
CHAPTEE XIII. 
 
 VARIOUS BOARDS OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 Extendiiii": From the Orgainzatiou of the Present System in 18(51 to 
 1892 — When Appointed and When Term Expired— The Governinir 
 Body of the Department— A Roster of Faithfnl Officials. 
 
 QOMMISSIONERS for 1861— H. M. Welcli, president, 
 ex officio; Commissioners, elected July 1st, 1861: 1 
 year, Atwater Treat, Rnfns Blodgett ; 2 years, Bernard 
 Reilly, Pliilo Chatiield ; 3 years, Willis M. Anthony, Ed- 
 ward Harrison ; clerk, Jonathan W, Pond ; superinten- 
 dent of police, H. M, Welch, ex offcio\ chief of j^olice, 
 Jonathan AY. Pond ; captain, Wales French ; lieutenant, 
 Owen A. Monson. 
 
 For 1862— President, H. M. Welch, ex officio; Com- 
 missioners : Bernard Reilly, term expires second Monday 
 in June, 1863 ; Philo Chatiield, term exj)ires second Mon- 
 day in June, 1863 ; Willis M. Anthony, term expires sec- 
 ond Monday in June, 1861; Edward Harrison, term 
 expires second Monday in June, 1861; Atwater Treat, 
 term expires second Monday in June, 1865 ; William H. 
 Bradley, term expires second Monday in June, 1865 ; clerk, 
 Jonathan W. Pond ; superintendent, H. M. Welch, ex 
 officio; chief, Jonathan W. Pond; captain, Owen A. Mon- 
 son ; lieutenant, Tread well Smith. 
 
156 VARIOUS BOARDS OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 For 1863 — President, Morris Tjler, acting mayor, ex 
 officio; Commissioners : Willis M. Anthony, term expires 
 second Monday in June, 1S61; Philo Cliatlield, term ex- 
 pires second Monday in June, 1861; Atwater Treat, term 
 exj)ires second Monday in June, 1865; William H. Brad- 
 ley, term expires second Monday in Jnne, 1865; Henry B. 
 Harrison, term expires second Monday in June, ' 1866 ; 
 Marcus M. Rounds, term expires second Monday in June, 
 1866 ; clerk, Jonathan W. Pond ; superintendent, the 
 mayor; chief, Jonathan W; Pond; captain, Owen A. Mon- 
 son ; lieutenant, Treadwell Smith. 
 
 For 1861 — President, Morris Tyler, ex olffieto ; Commis- 
 sioners: Edward Treat, Cyprian Wilcox, one year, to first 
 Monday in June, 1865; Benjamin F. Mansfield, Samuel A. 
 Smith, two years, to first Monday in June, 1866 ; Henry S. 
 Dawson, Rufus S. Pickett, three years, to first Monday in 
 June, 1867; clerk, Rufus S. Pickett; superintendent, the 
 mayor, ex officio; chief, Elihu Yale; captain, Lucius Kent- 
 field ; lieutenant, Treadwell Smith. 
 
 For 1865 — President, Erastus C. Scranton, ex officio ; 
 Commissioners: Benjamin F. Mansfield, Samuel A. Smith, 
 one year, to first Monday in June, 1866 ; Henry S. Dawson, 
 Rufus S. Pickett, two years, to first Monday in June, 1867; 
 Charles Fabrique, Charles Peck, three years, to first Mon- 
 day in June, 1868 ; clerk, Rufus S. Pickett ; superintend- 
 ent, the mayor, ex officio; chief, Elihu Yale; captain, 
 Lucius Kentfield ; lieutenant, Treadwell Smith. 
 
 For 1866 — Commissioners: Henry S. Dawson, Rufus S. 
 Pickett, term expires June, 1867; Charles Fabrique, 
 
VARIOUS JiOARDS OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS. 157 
 
 Cliarles Peek, term exjnres June, 18(38 ; Iloadley B. Ives, 
 Purniont Bradley, term expires June, 1869; clerk, Rufus 
 S. Pickett; superintendent, Liicien AV. Sperrv, e,r officio '^ 
 chief, William A. Lincoln ; captain, Treadwell Smith ; 
 lientenant, Francis Smitli 
 
 For 18*) 7 — President, Lncien W. Sperrv, major, ex 
 ofirio: Commissioners: Charles Fabrique, Charles Peck, 
 term expires first Monday in June, 1868 ; Hoadley B. Ives, 
 AVilliam H. Bradley, term expires first Monday in June, 
 18(39 ; AVilliam P. Shelton, Thomas H. Fulton, term expires 
 first Monday in June, 187() ; clerk, AYilliam P. Shelton ; 
 supei-intendent, Lucien W. Sperry, ex officio • chief, Wil- 
 liam A. Lincoln ; captain, ; lieutenant, Francis Smith. 
 
 For 1868 — President, Lucien W. Sperry, mayor, ex 
 nffcio ; Commissioners : Hoadley B. Ives, William H. 
 Bradley, term expires first Monday in June, 1869; Thomas 
 H. Fulton, Herrick P. Frost, term expires first Monday in 
 June, 1870; Tilton E. Doolittle, H. W. E. Matthews, term 
 expires first Monday in June, 1871 ; clerk, William H. H. 
 Blackmail ; superintendent, Lucien W. Sperry, exoff'icio; 
 chief, William A. Lincoln ; captain, William B. Catliii ; 
 lieutenant, James T. Mullen. 
 
 For 1869 — President, Henry G. Lewis, ex cff'icio ; Com- 
 missioners: William P. Shelton, Henry A. Carrington, 
 term expires June 2(), 1872 ; John Egan,. Charles Fabi-ique, 
 term expires July 13, 1871. Clerk, Timothy J. Fox, ex 
 officio ; superintendent, Henry G. Lewis ; chief, William 
 J. Bo wen ; captain, William B. Catlin ; lieutenant, James 
 T. Mullen. 
 
158 VARIOUS BOARDS OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 For 1870, 1871 — President, Henry G. Lewis, ex officio ; 
 Commissioners : Cliairman, William R. Slielton, pro tcm ; 
 Henry A. Carrington, William W. Morse, George W. M. 
 Reed; clerk, James I. Haves, ex officio ; superintendent, 
 
 Henrv G. Lewis, mayor ; chief, ; captain, William M. 
 
 Hyde ; lieutenant, Peter Sheridan. 
 
 For 1872 — President, Henry G. Lewis, ex-officio ; Com- 
 missioners : George W. M. Reed, William W. Morse, term 
 expires July 13, 1873; Dexter R. AYright, John Shannahan, 
 term expires June 20, 1871; clerk, John S. Fowler, ex 
 officio; chief, Charles W. Allen; captain, Wilham M. 
 Hyde ; lieutenant, Peter Sheridan ; acting lieutenant, Ti-ead- 
 well Smith ; roundsman, James P. Brewer. 
 
 For 1873 — President, Henry G. LeAvis, ex officio ; Com- 
 missioners : Dexter R. Wright, John Shannahan, term ex- 
 pires June 20, 1871; George M. Harmon, Carl G. Engel, 
 term expires July 13, 1875 ; clerk, John S. Fowler ; chief, 
 Charles W. Allen ; captain, William M. Hyde ; lieutenant, 
 Peter Sheridan ; first roundsman, James P. BrcAver ; second 
 roundsman, Frederick H. Linsley ; first sergeant, Treadwell 
 Smith ; second sergeant, George F. Selleck. 
 
 For 1871 — Commissioners : President, William H. Brad- 
 ley ; Samuel E. Merwin, term expires, January 1, 1878; 
 diaries B. Wooster, Carlos Smith, term expires January 1, 
 1877; Patrick Gallagher, term expires January 1, 1876; 
 clerk, John S. Fowler ; chief, Charles W. Allen ; captain, 
 William M. Hyde ; lieutenant, Peter Sheridan ; first rounds- 
 man, James P. Brewer ; second roundsman, Frederick H. 
 Linsley ; first sergeant, Treadwell Smith ; second sergeant, 
 Georo;e F. Selleck. 
 
VARIOUS BOAKDS OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS. 159 
 
 For 1875 — Commissioners : President, William II. Brad- 
 ley ; 8amnel E. Merwiii, Jr., term expires January 1, 1878; 
 Charles B. Wooster, Carlos Smith, term expires January 1, 
 1877; Patrick Gallagher, term expires January 1, 1879; 
 clerk, John S. Fowler ; chief, Charles AV. Allen ; captain, 
 William M. Hyde ; lieutenant, Peter Sheridan; first rounds- 
 man, James P. Brewer ; second roundsman, Frederick H. 
 Linsley ; first sergeant, Treadwell Smith ; second sergeant, 
 George F. Selleck. 
 
 For 1876 — Commissioners: William H. Bradley, presi- 
 dent ; Samuel E. Merwin, Jr., term expires January, 1878 ; 
 Charles B. Woostei-, Carlos Smith, term expires January 1, 
 1877 ; Patrick Gallagher, term expires January 1, 1879 ; 
 clerk, John S. Fowler ; chief, Charles W. Allen ; captain, 
 William M. Hyde ; lieutenant, Peter Sheridan ; first rounds- 
 man, James P. Brewer; second roundsman, Frederick H. 
 Linsley; first sergeant, Treadwell Smith; second sergeant, 
 George F. Selleck. 
 
 For 1877 — Commissioners: President, William H. Brad- 
 ley ; Samuel E. Merwin, Jr. term expires January 1, 1878; 
 Charles B. Wooster, Carlos Smith, term expires January 1, 
 1877; Patrick Gallagher, term exj^ires January 1, 1879; 
 clerk, Seth T. Seeley ; chief, Charles W. Allen ; captain 
 William M. Hyde ; lieutenant, Peter Sheridan ; first ser- 
 geant, Treadwell Smith ; second sergeant, George F. Selleck. 
 
 For 1878 — Commissioners: President, Carlos Smith, 
 term exf)ires February 1, 1880; Patrick Gallagher, term ex- 
 pires February 1, 1879; Charles B. Wooster, term expires 
 Fel)ruary 1, 1880; George A. Basserman, Frederick A. 
 
160 VARIOUS BOARDS OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 Gilbert, term expires February 1, ISSl; clerk, Setli T. 
 Seeley; chief, Charles W. Allen; captain, William M. 
 Hyde ; lieutenant, Peter Sheridan. 
 
 For 1879 — Commissioners : President, Carlos Smith, 
 term expires February 1, 1880 ; Patrick Gallagher, term 
 expires February 1,1882; Charles B. Wooster, term expires 
 February 1, 1880; George A. Basserman, Frederick A. 
 Gilbert, term expires February 1, 1881 ; clerk, Charles T. 
 Morse ; chief, Charles AYebster ; captain, William M. Hyde ; 
 lieutenant, Peter Sheridan. 
 
 For 1880 — Commissioners: President, Frederick A. 
 Gilbert, term expires February 1, 1881 ; Patrick Gallagher, 
 term expires February 1, 1882 : George A. Bassei-man, 
 term expires February 1, 1881; William J. Atwater, 
 Frank H. Hooker, term expires February 1, 1888; clerk, 
 Charles T. Morse ; chief, Charles Webster ; captain, William 
 M. Hyde; lieutenant, Peter Sheridan. 
 
 For 1881 — Commissioners: President, Charles F. Boll- 
 man, George M. Harmon, term expires iirst Monday of 
 February, 1883 ; William R. Catlin, Frank D. Sloat, term 
 expires first Monday in February. 1882; John Killbride, 
 Franklin H. Hart, term expires first Monday in February, 
 1884; clerk, James P. Pigott; chief, Charles Webster; 
 captain, William M. Hyde; lieutenant, Peter Sheridan; 
 sergeant, James AYrinn. 
 
Stephen F. McGann 
 sergeant. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 ' ^^^^^^ ''^^■i^Mjf* 
 
 k. 
 
 
 John McGrath, 
 sergeant. 
 
CIIAPTEE XI V^. 
 
 ANNUAL KOSTER OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 From 1882 to 1892— Men Who Held the Destinies of the Department 
 in Their Keeping — Names of Well Known Citizens — All True to 
 the Trust Reposed in Them. 
 
 120AKD of Police Commissioners for 1882: President, 
 John B. Robertson, mayor, ex officio ; Chas. F. Boll- 
 mann, president, George M. Harmon, terms expire first 
 Monday of February, 1883; Franklin H. Hart, ^John Kill- 
 bride, terms expire first Monday of February, 1884; Wm. 
 Catlin, Frank D. Sloat, terms expire first Monday of Feb- 
 ruary, 1885; clerk, James G. Pigott, ex officio^ chief, 
 Charles AVebster ; captain, William M. Hyde ; lieutenant, 
 Peter Sheridan; sergeant, James AVrinn. 
 
 For 1883 — Pi-esident, Henry G. Lewis, mayor, ex officio ; 
 Charles F. Bollmann, president, Charles A. Sheldon, terms 
 expire first Monday of February, 1886 ; Franklin H. Hart, 
 Lawrence O'Brien, terms expire first Monday of February, 
 1881 ; "William B. Catlin, Frank D. Sloat, terms expire first 
 Monday of February, 1885; chief, Charles Webster; cap- 
 tains : William M. Hyde, Peter Sheridan : lieutenants : 
 Tread well Smith, William O'Keefe ; sergeants: James 
 
 * Died September 4, 1882, and Counciliiian Lawrence O'Brien elected to 
 fill the vacancy. 
 
162 ANNUAL ROSTER OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 Wrinn, Lent Bislioj), AVilliain K. Schmidt ; roundsmen : 
 Albert Bradley, John DriscoU. 
 
 For 1884 — President, Henry G. Lewis, mayor, e^c off tela ; 
 Frank D. Sloat, president, William B. Catlin, terms expire 
 first Monday of February, 1885 ; Charles A. Sheldon, Charles 
 F. Bollman, terms expire first Monday of February, 1886 ; 
 Franklin H. Hart, Patrick Gallagher, terms expire first 
 Monday of February, 1887; clerk, James P. Pigott, ex 
 officio / chief, Charles Webster ; captains: William M. 
 Hyde, Treadwell Smith ; lieutenants : William O'Keefe, 
 James Wrinn ; sergeants : Lent Bishop, William K. 
 Schmidt, Albert Bradley ; roundsmen : John Driscoll, 
 Wilham E. McBride. 
 
 For 1885 — President, George F. Holcoml), mayor, ex 
 officio; Frankhn H. Hart, president, Patrick Gallagher, 
 terms expire first Monday of February, 1887; Charles L. 
 Baldwin, Samuel Johnson, terms expire first Monday of 
 February, 1888; Charles A. Sheldon, - Charles F. Boll- 
 mann, William F. Shannon, terms expire first Monday of 
 February, 1886; clerk, Timothy J. Crowley, ex officio ; 
 chief, Charles F. Bollmann ; captains : William M. Hyde, 
 Treadwell Smith ; lieutenants : William O'Keefe, James 
 Wrinn; sergeants: Lent Bishop, William K. Schmidt, 
 Albert Bradley ; roundsmen : John Driscoll, William E. 
 McBride; detectives: Philip Peilly, James P. Brewer; 
 truant officer, James Sullivan ; court officer, John F. Xet- 
 tleton ; doormen : Kichard Moore, William Luby. 
 
 * Elected Chief of Police in July, 1885, and Resigned as Commissioner, and 
 William F. Shannon elected to fill the vacancy. 
 
ANNUAL R(>STP:K OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS. 108 
 
 For 18S() — rresideiit, George F. Holcoinb, mayor, c\c ojfi- 
 cio ; Franklin 11. Hart, president, Patrick Gallagher, terms 
 expire first Monday of February, 1887; Charles L. Baldwin, 
 JSamuel Johnson, terms expire first Monday of February, 
 18SS; Herbert E. Benton, William F. Shannon, terms ex- 
 pire first Monday of February, 1889 ; clerk, Charles AY. 
 Willet, ex officio ; chief, Charles F. Bollmann ; captains : 
 William M. H3xle, Treadwell Smith; lieutenants: William 
 O'Keefe, James Wrinn ; sergeants : Lent Bishop, William 
 K. Schmidt, Albert Bradley ; roundsmen : John Driscoll, 
 William E. McBride; detectives: Philip Keilly, James P. 
 Brewer ; truant officer, James Sullivan ; court officer, John 
 F. Xettleton ; doormen : Pichard Moore, William Luby. 
 
 For 1887 — President, Samuel A. York, mayor, ex- 
 officio ^ Samuel Johnson, president, term expires first Mon- 
 day of February, 1888 ; Franklin H. Hart, Patrick Galla- 
 gher, terms expire first Monday of February, 1890 ; Charles 
 L. Baldwin, term expires first Monday of February, 1888 ; 
 Herbert E. Benton, William F. Shannon, terms expire first 
 Monday of February, 1889 ; clerk, Bernard J. Shanley, 
 ex officio; chief, Charles F. Bollmann; captains: Wm. M. 
 Hyde, Treadwell Smith ; lieutenants : Wm. O'Keefe, James 
 Wrinn ; sergeants : Lent Bishop, William Iv. Schmidt, Al- 
 bert Bradley, John Driscoll ; roundsmen : AVilliam E. Mc- 
 Bride, James Cook ; detectives : Philip Eeilly, James P. 
 Brewer ; truant officer, James Sullivan ; court officer, John 
 F. Xettleton ; doorman, Pichard Moore. 
 
 For 1888 — President, Samuel A. York, mayor, ex- 
 off'iclo ; Herbert E. Benton, president, William F. Shan- 
 
164 ANNUAL EOSTEK OF POLICE COMMISSIONEKS. 
 
 nun, terms expire first Monday of February, 1889 ; Frank- 
 lin H. Hart, Patrick Gallagher, terms expire first Monday 
 of February, 1890 ; Charles L. Baldwin, "^^Samuel Johnson, 
 terms ex23ire first Monday of February, 1891 ; clerk, Ber- 
 nard J. Shanley, ex officio ', chief, Charles F. Bollmann ; 
 captains: William M. Hyde, Treadwell Smith; lieutenants: 
 William O'Keefe, James Wrinn ; sergeants: Lent Bishop, 
 William K. Schmidt, veteran reserve, Albert Bradley, John 
 Driscoll; roundsmen, William E. McBride, James Cook; 
 detectives : Philip Reilly, James P. Brewer ; truant officer, 
 James Sullivan ; court officer. John F. Xettleton ; doorman, 
 Bicliard Moore; patrolman, Hugh Doherty, A^eteran re- 
 serve. 
 
 For 1889 — President, Henry F. Peck, mayor, ex officio ; 
 Charles L. Baldwin, president, term expires first Monday of 
 February, 1891 ; Patrick Gallagher, Franklin H. Hart, 
 terms expire first Monday of February, 1890 ; Frank S. 
 Andrew, term expires first Mouday of February, 1891 ; 
 Herbert E. Benton, John Clancy, terms expire fii'st Monday 
 of February, 1892; clerk, Edward Downes, ex officio; 
 superintendent, Charles F. Bollmann ; captains : William M. 
 Hyde, Treadwell Smith; lieutenants: William O'lveefe, 
 James Wrinn ; sergeants : fLent Bishop, Albert Bradley, 
 John Driscoll ; detectives: Philip Reill}^ James P. Brewer; 
 roundsmen : William E. McBride, James Cook ; truant offi- 
 cer, James Sullivan ; court officer, John F. IS^ettleton ; door- 
 man, Pichard Moore. 
 
 * Deceased, and succeeded by Frank S. Andrew. 
 t Resigned AprU 22, 1890. 
 
ANNUAL ROSTKR OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS. 1G5 
 
 For 1890 — Presitleiit, Ileiirv F. Peck, mayor, ex officio ; 
 Frank S. Andrew, president, Cliarles L. Baldwin, terms ex- 
 pire tirst Monday of February, ISDI ; Herbert E. Benton, 
 John Clancey, terms expire first Monday of Fel)ruar3', 1S92 ; 
 Carlos Smith, John IL Dillon, tei'ms expii'e tirst Monday of 
 February, 1893 ; clerk, Edward \)<d\\\\G^^ ex officio ; super- 
 intendent, Charles F. Bollmann; captaius: William M. Hyde, 
 Treadwell Smith; lieutenants: William O'Keefe, James 
 Wriim ; sergeants: Albert Bradley, John Driscoll; detec- 
 tives, Philip Peilly, James P. Brewer ; roundsmen : William 
 E. McBride, James Cook; truant officer, James Sullivan; 
 court oiiicer, John F. Nettleton ; doorman, Richard Moore ; 
 sergeant, William Iv. Schmidt, veteran reserve ; patrolmen, 
 Hugh Doherty, Moses Greenbaum. 
 
 For 1891 — President, Joseph B. Sargent, mayor, ex 
 officio; Frank S. Andrew, president, term expires first 
 Monday of February, 1894 ; Hemy E. Benton, John Clan- 
 cey, terms expire first Monday of February, 1892; Carlos 
 Smith, "Daniel M. Sheehan, terms expire first Monday of 
 February, 1893;' John H. Piatt, term expires first Monday 
 of February, 189-1 ; Edward Downes, clerk, ex-officio. 
 
 The composition of the board of police commissioners 
 was on what has been designated the non-partisan plan. 
 An ecpial number of commissioners were selected from both 
 the two great political parties, the idea of those who favored 
 the plan being to avoid the domination of one party over 
 the other in the matter of choosing policemen or dismissing 
 them from service. The practical efi^ect of the non-partisan 
 
 * John H. DiUon resigned June 22. 1891. 
 
100 ANXUAL ROSTER OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 scheme, however, was to greatly obstruct the business of the 
 department. There being three Democratic and three Re- 
 pubhcan commissioners, neither party could elect a chief. 
 By a charter provision the mayor had no vote in case of a 
 tie, when ordinary matters were being acted upon. 
 
 The chiefs and acting chiefs, dating from 1801, were: 
 Jonathan W. Pond, from June 27, 1801, to July 10, 
 1804; Elihu Yale, from July 17 to October 10, 1805; 
 George M. White, from October 11 to September 1, 1800; 
 William A. Lincoln, September 1, 1800 — resigned in a few 
 months ; William J. Bowen, also resigned in a few months ; 
 William D. Catlin, acting chief, continuing in office till 
 July 0, 1871; William M. Hyde, acting chief from July 7, 
 1871 to December 14, 1872; Charles W. Allen, from De- 
 cember 15, 1872 to February 19, 1879; William M. Hyde, 
 acting chief, February 19, 1879 to Marcli 10, 1879 ; Charles 
 AVebster, March 10, 1879, to January 1, 1885 ; Wilham M. 
 Hyde, acting chief, July 1, 1885 to July 31, 1885; Tread- 
 well Smith, acting chief April 18, 1885 to June 30, 1885 ; 
 Charles F. Bollmann, chief from July 13, 1885 to October 
 1, 1891 ; Treadwell Smith, superintendent, June 30, 1891. 
 The office was changed from chief to superintendent. 
 May 8, 1889. 
 
 MAYORS OF THE CITY OF NEW HAVEN. 
 (City Incorporated January 8, 1784.) 
 
 Prior to 1820, the mayor was elected by the citizens, 
 but held office during the pleasure of the general assembly. 
 
 Eoger Sherman, from February 10, 1784 to 1793; 
 Samuel Bishop, from August 19, 1793 to 1803; Elizur 
 
ANNUAL ROSTER OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS. 167 
 
 Goodricli. from Septenil)cr 1, lS(i;5 to 182t^; George Hoacl- 
 ley, from June 4, I82i^ to 1826; Simeon Baldwin, from 
 June 6, 1826 to 1827; William Bristol, from June 5, 1827 
 to 1828; David Daggett, from June 2, 1828 to 1829; 
 Ealpli I. Ingersoll, from June 1, 1830 to 1831 ; Dennis 
 Kimberly, from June 7, 1831 to 1832 ; Ebenezer Seeley, 
 from June 5, 1832 to 1833; Dennis Kimberly, from June 
 4, 1833; Noyes Darling, from June 10, 1833 to 1834; 
 Henry C. Flagg, from June 3, 1834 to 1839; Samuel L. 
 Hitchcock, from June 3, 1839 to 1842 ; Philip S. Galpin, 
 from June 6, 1842 to 1846 ; Henry Peck, from June 1, 
 1846 to 1850; Aaron N. Skinner, from June 4, 1850 to 
 1854; Chauncey Jerome, from June 5, 1854 to 1855; Al- 
 fred Blackman, from June 4, 1855 to 1856 ; Philip S. Gal- 
 pin, from June 2, 1856 to 1860; Harmanus M. Welch, from 
 June 4, 1860 to 1863; Morris Tyler, from June 2, 1863 to 
 1865; Erastus C. Scranton, from June 6, 1865 to 1866; 
 Lucien W. Sperry, from June 5, 1866 to 1869; William 
 Fitch, from June 1, 1869 to 1870; Henry G. Lewis, from 
 June 7, 1870 to 1877; AYilliam K. Shelton, January 1, 
 1877 to 1879; Hobart B. Bigelow, from January 1, 1879 
 to 1881 ; John B. Robertson, from January 1, 1881 to 1883 ; 
 Henry G. Lewis, from January 1, 1883 to 1885 ; George F. 
 Holcomb, from January 1, 1885 to 1887 ; Samuel A. York, 
 from January 1, 1887 to 1889 ; Henry F. Peck, from Jan- 
 uary 1, 1889 to 1891; Joseph B. Sargent, from January 
 1, 1891 to 1892. 
 
CHAPTEK XY. 
 
 A POLICE PEXSION LAW. 
 
 A Veteran Eeserve — Pensions After Twenty Years' Continnous Service 
 Granted to Tliose Permanently Disabled in Actual Duty — The 
 Peserve Fund— Other New Features — Benefit to AVidow or De- 
 pendents. 
 
 f^X May S, 1889, the State Legislature passed an amend- 
 ment to the charter, which, among other things gave 
 the department a long-wished-for pension fund and pension 
 law. The provisions of said amendment which relate to a 
 veteran reserve, a police pension and benefit, although, per- 
 haps, not altogether just what the various members of the 
 force had hoped for, were received by them Avith a high de- 
 gree of satisfaction as a great improvement over the previ- 
 ously existing state of things. These provisions, all now in 
 force, are as follows : 
 
 Veteran Ittserve.—^' There shall be an honorary grade, 
 known as the veteran reserve, to which the board of police 
 commissioners may, at its discretion, transfer any member 
 of the regular force who shall, through age, or physical dis- 
 abilities incurred in the discharge of perilous duty, or in 
 long and faithful service, become permanently disqualified 
 for the more active duties of the regular grade. The pa}^ 
 of the members of the veteran reserve shall be regulated in 
 
JOTHAM H. (>RR. 
 SERGEANT. 
 
 ^!!*^ 
 
 Bartholomew Tiernax, 
 
 SERCiKANT. 
 
A POLICE PENSION LAW. 169 
 
 accordance Avitli the amount of duty performed, and shall 
 not be more tlian one-half or less than one-fourth of the rate 
 of compensation previously received by said memljers while 
 in the regular grade. By the affirmative vote of at least 
 four connnissioners transfers may be made from one division 
 or grade to another at the discretion of said board. 
 
 Pension after 20 years' cantinucnis service. — '• Said board 
 may at its discretion, by the affirmative vote of at least five 
 commissioners, and with the approval of the Mayoi*, as a re- 
 ward for conspicuously meritorious service, permanently re- 
 tire from duty any member of the veteran reserve affter 
 twenty years of continuous service in the department, npon 
 the certificate of the surgeon of the department, or of a 
 board of surgeons to be designated by said board of police 
 commissioners, showing that said member is permanently 
 disabled physically or mentally, so as to be unfit for any 
 police duty, and that in the opinion of said surgeon or 
 snrgeons, said disability is due to injury received or ex- 
 posure endured in the performance of duty in said depart- 
 ment, and such member so retired shall be entitled to re- 
 ceive from the department during his lifetime, unless said 
 vote is annnlled by the iinanimons vote of said commis- 
 sioners, a sum not exceeding five hundred dollars annually, 
 said sum to be paid in monthly installments." 
 
 Pensions to those jyermanently disabled in actual diity. — 
 " Said board of police commissioners may, by tlie affirmative 
 vote of at least four commissioners permanently retire any 
 member of the supernumerary or regular police force who, 
 while in the actual performance of police duty and by 
 
170 A POLICE PENSION LAW. 
 
 reason of the performance of such duty, and without fault 
 or misconduct on his part, shall have become permanently 
 disabled, physically or mentally, so as to be entirely unfitted 
 to perform such duty, and such member so retired shall be 
 entitled to receive from the department, during his lifetime, 
 unless said vote is annulled by a unanimous vote of said 
 commissioners, an annual sum, payable monthly, not ex- 
 ceeding one-half, nor less than one-fourth, of his previous 
 compensation per annum. 
 
 '' Members on the retired list shall be subject to the 
 orders of said board of police commissioners, and may be 
 brought before said board for trial on charges, and shall be 
 subject to the same penalties as members in active service ; 
 provided, that no member on the retired list shall Ije re- 
 moved except for sufficient cause, duly shown after trial be- 
 fore said board. Said board of police commissioners may, 
 at its discretion, order any member on the retired list to be 
 re-examined by the surgeon of the department, or by a 
 board of surgeons to be designated by said board of 
 23olice commissioners, and if said member shall be 
 reported capable of performing duty, said board of police 
 commissioners may, by the affirmative vote of at least four 
 commissioners, restore said meml)er to either the regular 
 or veteran reserve force." 
 
 Benefit of $2,000 to andow or dependents, — " Said board 
 of police commissioners may, by the affirmative vote of at 
 least four commissioners, cause the sum of two thousand 
 dollars to be paid to the widow of, or other persons de- 
 pendent upon, any member of said police force who shall 
 
A POLICE PENSION LAW. lYl 
 
 have been killed wliile in the actual performance of duty, 
 or shall liave died from the effects of any injury received 
 while in the actual discharge of such duty, the said hoard 
 to have absolute discretion in the designation of said beneli- 
 ciary or beneficiaries, and as to the manner of the payment 
 of said benefit." 
 
 The lieserve Fund. — " The fund, from which all pay- 
 ments to members on the retired list and to henejiciaries of 
 deceased memhers shall be made shall be known as ' Reserve 
 Fund of the Kew Haven Police Department,' and shall con- 
 sist of: 
 
 '* 1. All the moneys specially devised or donated for the 
 benefit of disabled policemen, and all the moneys donated 
 the department on account of service rendered. 
 
 " 2. Five per centum of all fees collected on account of 
 licenses issued to sell spirituous or intoxicating liquors 
 within the limits of the town of JSTew Haven. 
 
 " 3. All lost, abandoned, unclaimed or stolen money, in 
 charge of the board of police commissioners of said city, 
 and all moneys arising from the sale of unclaimed, aban- 
 doned, lost or stolen proj^erty, in charge of said board now 
 made available for the purpose by the statute laws of the 
 state. 
 
 "•i. All rewards, fees, gifts, testimonials, and emolu- 
 ments that may be presented to any member of the police 
 force on account of special services, except such as shall be 
 allowed by said board of police commissioners to be retained 
 by said member. 
 
 " Said board of police commissioners shall be a board 
 
172 A POLICE PEXSIOX LAAV. 
 
 of trustees of said reserve fund, and the treasurer of the city 
 of Kew Haven sliall be the treasurer of said fund. The 
 president of said board of police commissioners shall be the 
 president of said board of trustees, and draw all orders upon 
 said fund, which shall be countersigned by the superinten- 
 dent of police, who shall act as the secretary of said board 
 of trustees, and shall keep a record of the proceedings of 
 said board, and of all action taken by it Avitii regard to said 
 fund. The said board of trustees shall have general charge 
 of said reserve fund, and may, by a majority vote, direct 
 the treasurer to invest any portion of the same in interest 
 bearins: bonds of the United States, of the state of Connec- 
 ticut, or of any town or city thereof, or in the stock of any 
 bank in the city of JS'ew Haven, or to deposit the same or 
 any portion thereof in any of the savings banks of said 
 city. 
 
 " The said board of trustees shall report to the court of 
 common council in the month of October in each year, the 
 condition of said reserve fund, with the items of all receipts 
 and disbursements on account of the same. 
 
 '' If said reserve fund shall be found at any time insuffi- 
 cient to meet all requirements upon it, said board of trustees 
 shall apply to the court of common council for an appro- 
 priation to make good such deficiency, and any prospective 
 deficiency in said fund may be provided for by said court of 
 common council in its annual appropriation to the police 
 department." 
 
 Other new features contained in the amendment. The 
 board of police commissioners are given " entire control of 
 
A POLICE PEXSIOX LAW. 173 
 
 tlie city property used for and l)y tlie police departinent.'- 
 Tliej are also empowered to increase the number of captains 
 to four and the number of sergeants to eighteen. The title 
 of " chief '' is changed into " superintendent.'' A quorum 
 for the transaction of business is fixed to consist of " not less 
 than four commissioners," and ''all elections, appointments, 
 promotions, reductions, removals, transfers and details by 
 the board, including the designation of members of the 
 supernumerary force for active service, shall require the af- 
 firmative votes of at least four commissioners to become 
 eifective." Complaints against members of the depart- 
 ment need only be heard by the board '' when the com- 
 plaint is made in writing and when it shall appear that it is 
 supported by evidence other than that of the complainant." 
 
CHAPTEE XYI. 
 
 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES OF POLICE OFFICIALS. 
 
 Tlie men -who Govern and Control the Police Department — Sketches 
 of Their Official Careers — All Honorable and Trnstworthy — 
 Eecords That the Police Department is Proud of — Public Officers 
 of Intelligence and Integrity. 
 
 COMMISSIONER F. S. Andrew was born at K'aiiga- 
 tiick, KoY., 1811, where he attended public school. 
 At the age of fourteen he commenced business in a variety 
 store. Afterwards, for four years, he was bookkeeper in a 
 carriage manufactory nntil the opening of the Avar. Then for 
 a year or two he was traveling salesman, clerk and school 
 teacher by turns. He commenced business in Xew Haven 
 as pork packer and provision dealer in 1868, and continued 
 in the same business, adding the sale of western dressed 
 beef, up to within a short time ago. In politics Mr. An- 
 drew has always been an active Democi-at, for several years 
 he was a member of the board of selectmen, and for two or 
 more years was president of the board. While he was a 
 member of the board great improvements were made in the 
 management of town affairs, especially at the almshouse; 
 and it was while he was a member of the board that the 
 female ward was established and a new building on the old 
 town farm (head of Martin street) was built, so that the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF POLK E OFFICIALS. 175 
 
 same could be used exclusively foi- the occupancy of the fe- 
 males that were in charge of the town. 
 
 Also while a member of the board the subject of a new 
 town farm was agitated, and it was largely through his 
 negotiations and counsel that the j^i'esent Spring Side farm 
 was purchased. 
 
 Mr. Andrew was always progressive in his ideas, and 
 ever ready to undertake anything that bid fair to be a bene- 
 fit to the town or city whenever he was its re|)reseiitative. 
 
 In ISSo Mr. Andrew received the nomination for mayor 
 by the Democratic party and at the election he was declared 
 elected and received the certificate of his election from the 
 city clerk, but owing to a combination of circumstances the 
 matter was taken into the courts and another was finally 
 seated in the place that Mr. Andrew and his many friends 
 always felt belonged to him. 
 
 In the year 1888 Mr. Andrew was unanimously selected 
 by the board of aldermen as police commissioner for the 
 unexpired term of the late Police Commissioner Samuel 
 Johnson. In the year 1891 Mr. Andrew was re-elected as 
 police commissioner, and he is now serving out the unex- 
 pired term. 
 
 He was especially interested in many of the recent 
 changes made in the city charter, whereby the retired ofii- 
 cers should be paid an annual sum from tlie pension fund 
 during the remainder of their lives. 
 
 During the years 1890-'91 Mr. Andrew was president 
 of the police board, and he has always taken an active 
 interest in the police department, and it is largely through 
 
176 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF POLICE OFFICIALS. 
 
 his efforts and co-operation that the department is in its 
 jDresent satisfactory condition. Although Mr. Andrew is a 
 pronounced partisan and always lights hard for his party 
 associates, he is well liked by his Repubhcan colleagues, and 
 respected by all who come in contact with him. 
 
 CoMMissioxER John CLA^XEY, Company D, 1st Connec- 
 ticut cavalry, came from Ireland with his parents, wlien six 
 months old : engaged in business and is a prosperous mer- 
 chant. He was with Sheridan in Shenandoah Talley, and 
 in liis raids around Richmond, in 1861, and took part in all 
 the engagements. In September, two weeks before Win- 
 chester, he took part in tlie capture of the South Carolina 
 Regiment, at Berryville, in Shenandoah Yalley. 
 
 Commissioner Francis E. Hunn was born in Rochester, 
 IS". Y., April 3d, 1819. Received a comnon school educa- 
 tion, and at the age of 15 went into his father's furniture 
 store to work, where he stayed until 21 years of age, when he 
 moved to Watertown, X. Y., and went into the furniture 
 business for himself, remaining there eight years. He then 
 came to jS'ew Haven, Conn., in the year 1879, and accepted a 
 position in the furniture house of Bowditch ik: Prudden, as 
 assistant manager, and, in 1881, the concern being turned 
 into a stock comjDany, he was elected vice-president, treas- 
 urer and manager. He served a term in the city council, 
 and was elected police commissioner in January, 1892. 
 
 Commissioner J. H. Platt was born in Prospect, Conn., 
 December 1. 1812 ; lived there until the age of eighteen, 
 when he enlisted in Company A, 20th regiment Connecti- 
 cut volunteers; served with the regiment until the last bat- 
 
BIOGRAPiriCAL SKETCHES OF POLICE OFFICIALS. 177 
 
 tie of Bentonville, X. C, Avlieu lie was shot through the 
 right arm. He came to Xew Haven in 1862, where he has 
 since resided. He was appointed police commissioner the 
 tirst Monday in February, 1891. 
 
 CoM^EissioNEK Daniel M. Sheehax was Ixtrn in Ire- 
 land, and came to Xew Haven when six nKjntlis old, and 
 has been a resident of the city ever since. He attended the 
 public schools of this city until fourteen years of age. Soon 
 after he served his time to the plumbing trade, and is now 
 carrying on a business of plumbing, steam and gas litting in 
 this city. He has always taken a lively interest in politics. He 
 was elected a member of the city council at the age of 
 twenty-three, and served two years in that branch. He 
 was twice elected to the board of aldermen from the Sev- 
 enth ward, but resigned while serving the second term to 
 fill the vacancy on the j^olice board caused by the resigna- 
 tion of Commissioner John H. Dillon, which unexpired 
 term he is now serving. 
 
 Commissioner Carlos Smith was born in Xorthford, 
 town of Xorth Branford, Conu. ; removed to AVaterbury 
 in 1862, and to Xew Haven in 1868 ; represented the old 
 First Ward in the board of councilmen one term, and in 
 the board of aldermen two terms, the last as president of 
 the board ; served one term as county commissioner from 
 1872 to 1875 ; was elected state senator from this district 
 for two years in 1878 ; previously served two terms as 
 police commissioner, from 1873 to 1879 ; the last year was 
 president of the board ; was again elected in January, 
 1890, for three years, and is now president of the board. 
 
178 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES OF POLICE OFFICIALS. 
 
 He lias always been a rej^ublican. For years he has been 
 engaged in manufacturing. 
 
 SuPERiXTEXDENT Teeadwell S:s[ith was born ]S^ovem- 
 ber 5, 1830, at Hempstead, L. I. ; his official record is as 
 follows: August 26, 1861, appointed patrolman; Septem- 
 ber 8, 1862, promoted lieutenant; July 11, 1861, again 
 appointed lieutenant; September 15, 1866, promoted cap- 
 tain; February 6, 1S6T, allowed to accept $250 from Adams 
 Express Company for arrest of express robbers ; July 8, 
 1868, resignation accepted; March 15, 1871, appointed 
 patrolman; September 30, 18T1, promoted 1st sergeant; 
 May 2, 1882, made roundsman; December 11, 1882, j)ro- 
 moted lieutenant ; January 1, 1881, promoted captain ; 
 April 18, 1885, made acting chief during sickness of Acting 
 Chief Hyde, to June 30, 1885 ; June 30, 1891, promoted 
 superintendent, and entered on duty as such October 1, 
 1891. 
 
 Naturally Superintendent Smith's long connection with 
 the department has furnished a liberal allowance of inter- 
 esting experiences, of which the following story may be 
 taken as a sample : 
 
 On a Saturday night, January 6, 1866, the famous ex- 
 press "Big Owl" robbery took place. The robbers got into 
 the train at the Grand Central depot, Xew York. When 
 word of the robbery reached the police the present super- 
 intendent was a lieutenant and acting captain. He was 
 relieved at 1 A. M., and went down to the dejDot, and with 
 Washington Webb, their superintendent, went into the car, 
 and found three bags of j)ennies open. There were four 
 
inOGRAnilCAL SKETCHES OF POLICE OFFICIALS. 179 
 
 bags ; the other, which contained gokl, was stolen. This 
 bag was thrown off at Cos Col) bi-idge. The robbers in- 
 tended stopping the train, bnt had failed, and had tools for 
 any emergency. "When the train stopped at Cos Cob they 
 got off. When the superintendent gut to the depot and 
 met AVel)l) they went into the car and looked it over. The 
 safe was l)roken open with sledge hammers. Superintend- 
 ent Smith went to Charles Bradley's and borrowed a coat 
 to put over his clothes, having cut off side stripes, etc., and 
 went by train back at 2 A. M., with Webb's son Charles, to 
 Bridgeport, and notified Suj^erintendent Spooner, the Adams 
 express agent there. Mr. Webb returned to New Haven, and 
 the superintendent was on the j^oint of returning also, when 
 he changed his mind, and asked the conductor and brake- 
 man to keep a lookout. When they reached South Kor- 
 walk there were two parties talking together. He l^ecame 
 convinced they were the robbers. One of them (Maguire) 
 sat at the forward end of the car, the second seat from the 
 toilet closet, Avhere he went in ; the other (Kenyon) took the 
 opposite side, at the rear. This fact looked suspicious. 
 When the first jiamed man came out of the closet tlie con- 
 ductor asked him for his fare before he took his seat. He 
 handed him a $5 bill without looking up ; neither did he 
 look up when receiving his change. The second party had 
 a muliier round his face, close up to his nose, with hair 
 curled under. After a little the superintendent went back 
 to the baggage car with Mr. Spooner, who wanted to see 
 the men. He instructed the conductor to walk first and 
 place his hand on the back of the seat where they sat. The 
 
180 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF POLICE OFFICIALS. 
 
 superintendent went back to the baggage car and changed 
 his hat and coat with the conductor so as to shadow them. 
 When the train got up to about 150th street it slowed up, 
 and the suspects got off witliout the knowledge of the offi- 
 cials. This was not discovered until the train got down to 
 the tunnel, when the conductor reported that they had left. 
 Superintendent Smith thought his only chance was to try 
 Third avenue. He went over on the corner of Third 
 avenue and Forty-second street, and the third horse car that 
 came down the avenue had the men on board. He took that 
 car ; thei'e was a small peep-liole in the door tlirough which 
 he watched them. Maguire had on black kid gloves ; he 
 rolled the gloves down off his fingers and kept pointing to 
 the back of his hand. Wlien they got to Thirteenth street 
 they got off. Superintendent Smith liaving to keep in close 
 to the back board so as to let them pass. Tliey went over 
 Tiiirteentli street toward Fourtli avenue, on the left hand 
 side. When the car got to the corner he got off and took 
 the right hand side of the street ; they going on a dead run, 
 which they kept up until they passed Fourth avenue, wlien 
 they stopped running for about one and one-half Ijlocks, 
 and then continued until they got to Horatio street. 
 
 When turning the corner they went out of sight for a 
 minute or two, but when their pursuer turned the corner he 
 again caught sight of theuL They went into a brick house? 
 throuo^h an archwav. He staved outside leisurelv, takino^ 
 the number, 78, and waited until he saw a light struck in 
 the third story. He made up his mind that was their room, 
 and started for headquarters, not knowing at the time that 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OE POLICE OFEICIALS. 181 
 
 Piiikei'tons did Adams Express Co.'s work. AVlieii lie o'cjt to 
 lieadquarters lie saw the sergeant on duty and asked if there 
 had been a robbery reported; lie said no, and the snperin- 
 tendent stepped out. He then went back to Twentj'-sev- 
 enth street to see if Spooner had any word, where he found 
 a message to go to the Fifth Avenue hotel. He sent a card 
 u]-> to Spooner's room, and told him what he had discovered. 
 The superintendent next went for A\^arne]', Pinkerton's head 
 man in Xew York, and retnrned with two detectives. 
 AVarner and Spooner wanted the superintendent to go to 78 
 Horatio street and show them the house. He went ahead, 
 Warner and Spooner next, and the two detectives followincr 
 close. When they reached the house he swung his hand 
 and passed on. All the train hands and the superintendent 
 were called into court that Sunday evening for investio:a- 
 tion. 
 
 There was a trunk left at Bridgeport, checked for 
 Twenty-seventh Street, ^N'ew York, and when it got there 
 it was checked to Worcester, Mass. This looked odd, and 
 Spooner asked the superintendent to look after the trunk. 
 When the train came up to Xew Haven that same Sunday 
 night the conductor told the suj^erintendent the same two 
 men were on the train, and got out at Stamford. He went 
 to Stamford, staying for the night. They took sej^arate 
 hotels. On Monday morning Maguire slipped back to JSTew 
 York, and Kenyon came on to Xorwalk, and went to Jo- 
 siali Trestrum's, an old shoemaker. There he met a cousin 
 of Tresti'um. They were together during the day until 
 4 P. M. ; then they hired a team and went to Cos Cob, 
 
182 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES OF POLICE OFFICIALS. 
 
 o'ettino^ the staff thev liad stolen, and took it to Trestrum's 
 house. On Monday niglit they sorted it. On Tuesday 
 morning they got old Trestrum to take it down on his hand- 
 sled to the depot. He took it to Xew York. Instead of 
 taking it to IS Horatio Street, he took it to 100 Division 
 Street, where his cousin lived. The trunk came on to ]S^ew 
 Haven, and was opened and found full of furs. Xext morn- 
 ino: it was sent to Worcester, but as it had no connection 
 w4th the robbery it was dropped and not looked after. 
 
 On Tuesday night AVarner came from Xew York to 
 South Xorwalk and arrested Kenyon and Tresti-um just as 
 they were getting ready to leave. Xext morning he tele- 
 graphed Superintendent Smith to come to Bridgeport to 
 identify Kenyon. He turned out to be the man. Warner 
 followed Maguire to San Francisco, and from there to 
 Canada, where he came up with him. One afternoon tliere 
 was something going on across the river. Maguire went 
 over, Warner followed and nailed him in Elmira, in Xew 
 York State. On the way doAvn to Bridgeport he told War- 
 ner if he Avould promise not to take the witness stand 
 against him he would give him some points which would 
 help him. Warner was satisfied he could identify him, so 
 made the promise, depending on Superintendent Smith for 
 the rest. Finally Superintendent Smith was called to 
 Bridgeport to identify Maguire. The jailer went inside 
 with him, and when about lialf way down tlie coi'ridor 
 Superintendent Smith said " Here's the man," pointing at 
 Maguire, who said, '* What do you mean ? *' The Super- 
 intendent replied '• You're the man I followed in Xew 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF POLICE OFFICIALS. 183 
 
 York Oil tlie Htli of eTanuarv." Maguire said '' You never 
 were more mistaken in your life ; you never saw me be- 
 fore." 
 
 The infornuition Maguire gave AVarner led liim to place 
 detectives in boarding houses, etc., where other members 
 of the gang lived. There were eight of them ; seven 
 were caught and convicted and one escaped. 
 
 AVhen trial came on at Danbnry Judge Stewart, counsel 
 for the prisoners, objected to the suj^erintendent's testimony, 
 but that was overruled l)v the conrt. The jury disagreed, 
 and on the second trial Kenyon turned State's evidence. 
 He was let go after the triaL Jas. Grady, one of the 
 prisoners, was a head-brakeman on the train ; it was he who 
 got Kenyon to do the job. When the train was at Forty- 
 second Street they broke the lock, got into the car and had 
 a new lock placed into the hasp. 
 
 They were convicted, as before stated, and got State's 
 prison. 
 
 The amount stolen was in the neighborhood of 
 §555,000, and all was recovered excepting about $15,000. 
 
 The case cost about §60,000 to prosecute, and occupied 
 4: months. 
 
 Superintendent Smith received great credit for the part 
 he played in their capture and conviction, and also received 
 a substantial gift in the shape of a fat roll of greenbacks 
 from the company. 
 
 Captaix James P. Brewer was born June 11, 1836, in 
 England ; March 2, 1867, appointed snpernumerary ; Xov. 
 4, 1868, appointed patrolman for three years, from June 1, 
 
1S4 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF POLICE OFFICIALS. 
 
 1868 ; June 19, 1871, re-appointed patrolman; July 1, 1873, 
 promoted roundsman ; assigned in 1875 to detective duty; 
 March 4, 1891, promoted sergeant; June 30, 1891, pro- 
 moted captain and entered on duty as sucli, Sept. 1, 1891. 
 
 Captaix AYilliam M. Hyde was born November 6, 
 1826, in Xew Haven, Conn.; Xov. 2, 1861, appointed pa- 
 trolman ; July 14, 1861:, reappointed patrolman ; July 8, 
 1867, reap23ointed 23atrolman; Kov. l-l, 1870, reappointed 
 patrolman; July 7, 1871, promoted captain; acting chief 
 from July 7, 1871, to Dec. 14, 1872; acting chief from 
 Feb. 7, 1877, to March 13, 1877; acting chief from Feb. 
 19, 1879, to March 10, 1879; acting chief from Jan. 1, 1885, 
 to July 31, 1885; November 2, 1886, presented by the 
 board with a complimentary resolution congratulating him 
 on his twenty-fifth police anniversary. 
 
 Captaix William O'Keefe was born May 22, 1839, in 
 Ireland; Dec. 31, 1872, appointed patrolman; Oct. 4, 
 1881, appointed roundsman ; May 2, 1882, again appointed 
 roundsman ; Dec. 11, 1882, promoted lieutenant at precinct ; 
 Xov. 12, 1887, promoted 1st lieutenant at precinct ; June 
 30, 1891, promoted captain and entered on duty as such 
 Sept. 1, 1891. He came to this country at the age of 12 
 yeai's, and attended a i^ublic school in this city. Later he 
 learned the trade of carriage painting, and was an ajDprentice 
 when the war broke out. He enlisted in Company B, 9th 
 Connecticut volunteers, as private ; rose through all the 
 grades of non-commissioned officers and was promoted lieu- 
 tenant at Baton Rouge, La., February. 1863. for meritori- 
 ous conduct. He receiv^ed an honorable discharofc at ex- 
 
SaMT'EL J. WOODKUFF 
 SlOHCiKAXT. 
 
 Henry D. Cowles, 
 sergeant (detective), 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF POLICE OFFICIALS. 185 
 
 piration of term of service Xov., 1864. Became a member 
 of the Fenian Brotlierliood in 1865, and went to Ireland in 
 response to a call from Col. O'Maliony, the Head Center, for 
 volunteers, particuliarly those who liad seen service in the 
 field. This was the opportunity for which he had yearned, 
 and imagined all his dreams about to be realized, (a chance 
 to fight for his native land being the dearest wish of 
 his heart) he jumped at the opportunity. He went to Ire- 
 land Sept., '1865, but was sadly disappointed at the prepara- 
 ations for a successful ''rising." He came back disheartened 
 and went to work at his trade. He was elected registrar of 
 voters, 1872. 
 
 The first prisoner of the army, Department of the Gulf, 
 was captured by Capt. O'Keefe. 
 
 Captain James Wrinn was born in Ireland, November 
 27, 1836. He left his native land and came to Xew Haven 
 April 2, 1848. For a time he did house painting at Nor- 
 wich and elsewhere. But house painting was not attractive 
 to him, and he cast an eye at several occupations, and finally 
 decided to become a member of the Xew Haven police 
 force. He was appointed a supernumerary on Jan. 2, 1867; 
 four months later he became a regular patrolman. He sig- 
 nalized himself November 30, 1869, by capturing a brace 
 of burglars — George Clark and Frank Franklin — upon the 
 roof of Judge Betz's mansion. Ofiicer AYrinn saw a light 
 in the mansion, and suspecting something wrong, he listened 
 and heard the jingle of silverware. With other officers he 
 rushed into the house. The burglars fled to the roof, where 
 they were captured at the pistol point. The two criminals 
 
186 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES OF POLICE OFFICIALS. 
 
 were sent to Wethersfield for tive years. The followincr 
 April, as a svrorn deputy sheriii for the event, he was the 
 practical leader of the crowd of authorities that surrounded 
 Charles Island, near Milford. and captured two prize light- 
 ers in tlie ring, and a host of spectators that had come from 
 Xew York and other cities to see the hare knuckle battle. 
 He was detailed in July, 1873, as superintendent of licensed 
 public vehicles. It is not positively known whether the 
 police commissioners believed liim a saint, but. any Avay. on 
 All Saints' Day, 1881, they made him a sergeant, and de- 
 tailed him as military instructor of the force. He received, 
 as a Xew Year's gift, in 1884. a promotion to the police 
 lieutenantcy, and on June 30, 1891, was raised to the rank 
 of captain. The next day he was appointed to the most re- 
 sponsible position of his rank in the city — to the command 
 of police headquarters. 
 
 Captain Wrinn's police service has been full of zeal and 
 bravery. For years he was in old Grand street, when an 
 arrest meant a terrific fight every time, and the friends of 
 the prisoner fiocked to help him in his encounter with the 
 officer. But (Jfficer Wrinn never quailed: he always held 
 to his man through the tight and brought him conquei-ed 
 and crestfallen to the lockup. Captain Wrinn's badge and 
 wreath and white tassels are the merited symbols of his 
 capital police service throughout a quarter of a centmw. 
 
 SEROEA:>fT Fredeeick H. Bissell was born in Germany, 
 Aug. 10, 1840, and came to this country when about thir- 
 teen years of age. and learned the trade of carriage trimmer. 
 He joined the police department, April 22, 1873. He has 
 
HTOGKAI'JIK'AL SKETCHES OF POLICE OFFICIALS. 187 
 
 been in several dangerous encounters with desperadoes, 
 while attempting to arrest them, and l)ears upun his face 
 and body the marks of these ])loody encounters. Among 
 his j)risoners were the notorious burglar "Murty'' Savage, 
 and Charles Hawkins, horse tliief. Sergeant Bissell has 
 received honorable mention l)y the board for bravery and 
 efhciency. His record for important arrests and faithful 
 performance of duty is second to none. 
 
 An Italian known by the name of George, Avho kept a 
 peanut stand on the corner of Congress avenue and Meadow 
 street, stabbeil a man after relieving him of his pocketbook. 
 George afterward married his victim's sister, and thought 
 by that the whole affair was settled, but the State required 
 liim, and Sergeant Bissell cleverly arrested him. He got 
 four years in state's prison for the offense. 
 
 Robert Gwinnell, who with a partner took a drunken 
 man from the '' Log Cabin.*' under the pretense of bringing 
 him home, brought him up the Boulevard and robbed him. 
 Sergeant Bissell arrested Gwdnnell, who got four years in 
 state's prison. He arrested James Smith, alias *'Chip'' 
 Smith, who was hanged for killing Chief Hayes, of An- 
 sonia. 
 
 He was promoted sergeant March 9, 1891. 
 
 Seegeant Patrick Bergix, born Mar. 27, ISJrM, in Ire- 
 land; July 7, 1871, made supernumerary; July 21, 1873, 
 appointed patrolman; Mar. 9, 1891, promoted sergeant. 
 
 Sergeant Albert Bradley was born October 2d, 
 1837, in the town of East Haven, on what was known as 
 the Old Lines' Place, and follow^ed the occupation of boat- 
 
188 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES OF POLICE OFFICIALS. 
 
 man until the late war. when he enlisted in the 2Ttli Conn. 
 Yols., for nine months ; he was in several battles during 
 that time ; on his return he worked for the Adams Express 
 Company for a while, and moved to New Haven, occupy- 
 ing the only house in Haven street at that time. Through 
 the kindness of some friends he secured a position on the 
 police force ; he was appointed patrolman March 7, 18T3 ; 
 promoted to roundsman December 11, 1882 ; promoted to 
 3d sergeant January 1st, 1881 ; promoted again January 
 1st, 1887. 
 
 Sergeaxt Henry M. Ceockee, was born in 1811, on a 
 farm in Madison county, X. Y. For twenty years he led a 
 life without incident ^nore remarkable than a husking bee 
 at harvest moon. In 1861 he enlisted at Binghamton in 
 company D, 27tli X. Y. volunteers. Major General Slo- 
 cum Avas then colonel of the regiment. Crocker fought two 
 years in the Army of the Potomac, and served two more as 
 a sergeant in the quartermaster's department. In 1862, 
 when stationed at midnight as a sentry in a meadow skirted 
 by woodland, at West Point, Ya., he heard the suspicious 
 crackle of a twig in the undergrowth of the wood. He 
 took a hasty glance and saw a dark form creeping toward 
 him through the shadow of the forest. The form suddenly 
 levelled a pistol, but too late ; the sentry's gun flashed first, 
 and the crouching form shrieked and dropped with a heavy 
 groan. Crocker rushed upon his foe and wrested the pistol 
 from the clutching death-grip. The rebel was a sharp- 
 shooting scout, named William Hartley, a graduate of Yale, 
 a resident of Himtsville, Alabama, and a member of com- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF POLICE OFFICIALS. 189 
 
 pany I. 4tli Alabama regiment. The pistol bore, and still 
 bears, all this information on the barrel. Crocker has the 
 pistol at his house. 
 
 In 1S65 he was one of the twelve sergeant pall-bearers 
 of the body of President Lincoln. 
 
 The year after the war Crocker came to Xew Haven. 
 On June 8, 1875, he was appointed a member of the police 
 force. A fcAv. years later he captured the notorious bur- 
 glar Charley Eoss, laden with spoils, about two o'clock in 
 the morning, skulking out the rear door of Hemingway 
 Smith's cigar store at Custom House square. Patrolman 
 Crocker's signal vigilance and efficiency promoted him to 
 the rank of sergeant on March -1, 1891. 
 
 SeecxEant James Cook, Born Aug. 22, 1840, in Derby, 
 Conn. ; Xov. 30, 1870, appointed patrolman; March 1, 1887, 
 promoted 2d roundsman at precinct; March -1, 1891, pro- 
 moted sergeant. 
 
 Sergeant Jeremiah Dexnahy was born March 28, 
 1851, in Ireland; Oct. 31, 1882, made supernumerary ; Jan. 
 2, 188-1, appointed patrolman ; Dec. 27, 1891, detailed as 
 detective temporarily by the superintendent; May 31, 1892, 
 promoted sergeant. 
 
 Sergeant John Driscoll was born in Ireland, Oct. 22, 
 1842; June 19, 1871, appointed patrolman; Dec. 11, 1882, 
 promoted 2d roundsman ; Oct. 31, 1882, honorably men- 
 tioned for efficiency; Jan. 1, 1884, promoted to 1st rounds- 
 man; June 29, 1886, honorably mentioned for meritorious 
 service; March 1, 1887, promoted sergeant. 
 
190 BIOGKAPUICAL SKETCHES OF POLICE OFFICIALS. 
 
 Sergeant Driscoll lias made a long and strong recoi-d by 
 surprising and closing faro, roulette and fantan dens, and 
 scarlet houses ; catching burglars of the most desperate sort 
 with their spoils, and quelling and arresting tierce fight- 
 ers when the East side was at its reddest, and had the hardi- 
 iiood to think itself nnconqueral)ly tough, and when an offi- 
 cer, without the present shelter and speed of a patrol wagon, 
 had to light the prisoner and the crowd all the way to the 
 lockup. His methods of capture were always expedient and 
 overwhelming. In 1ST5 the Springfield hotel stood at the 
 (•0]*ner of Center and Orange streets. Patrolman Driscoll 
 suspected the character of the house. One night a country- 
 man, looking like a AVest Haven wood-chopper, in brown 
 denham over-all stuff and smoking a clay pipe, entered the 
 '•hotel'' and showed a fat roll of bills that he intended to 
 spend. He was very welcome until he threw off the den- 
 ham and disclosed the uniform and shield of a poKce officer. 
 He captured the hotel and convicted and.drove the proprie- 
 tor out of town. He also purged Prindle alley and Fair 
 street of the infamous John Minerzhager, Ella Case and 
 Mary Fitzpatrick. About 2 o'clock on the morning of July 
 13, 1882 he made a desperate capture at the point of the pis- 
 tol. George Higgins, alias John Francis, who a few days 
 before liad been released from Sing Sing, bought some rib- 
 bon in Eogowski's on July 12, and slyly noted the skyhght 
 in the low. rear ell of the store. In the dead of night he 
 (h'opped thi'ough the open skylight by the rope to the lioor 
 of the store and piled §2,000 worth of goods on the lower 
 end of the rope and was just tieing it when he heard soft foot- 
 
HIOGKArHK Al, SKK'KTIKS <>K POLIOK OFFICIALS. 11 VI 
 
 steps iipoTi tho ell roof. lie saw only one way for escape — 
 lie j)liiuired lieadloiig tlirouiili the door-glass and rushed 
 down Chapel street into Orange, with Patrolman Driscoll 
 in hot pursuit. At the alley near the Kew Haven Savings 
 Bank the eriniinal sudderdy faced about to shoot his pursuer ; 
 hut he faced a cock(.'d revolver and a fearless face. His- 
 ginr^. alias Francis, was sent to Wethersiield for five years; 
 a!id Patrolman Driscoll was "honorably mentioned for effi- 
 ciency " by the pohce commission ; was promoted to the 
 rank of second roundsuian on .Dec. 11, 1882, and received a 
 New Years g-ift in '81: of another promotion, this time to 
 the rank of first roundsman. In June, '86, he captured a 
 batch of criminals that had stolen trinkets from Eagle's jew- 
 elry store in State street, or had shared the sj^oils. For this 
 shrewd service he was again *• honorably mentioned'' by 
 the police commission, and the next March he had tlie title 
 '' sergeant " on his cap and shield. 
 
 This brief accoimt of Sergeant DriscolFs police life 
 shows that he has won all his promotions by deeds of daunt- 
 less daring and shrewd service, and that he has nobly won 
 the gilt stripes and blue tassels by the alert tact and quick 
 valor of his head, hand and heart. 
 
 Sergeant William E. McBride was born June 28, 
 1846, in Middlebury, Yt. ; Mar. 2, 1873, appointed patrol- 
 man ; Jan. 1, 1884, proihoted 2d roundsman at headquarters ; 
 Apr. 4, 1891, promoted sergeant. At the breaking out of 
 the rebellion he was three years under the mihtary age, and 
 so was not allowed to enlist. But he was determined to get 
 down to the Potomac and see the white tents gleaming in 
 
192 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF POLICE OFFICIALS. 
 
 the southern moonlight, hear the bugle-call and drum-beat, 
 the union cheers and rebel yells, and see the blue and the 
 gray in the sublimity of deadly conflict ; and in '62, when 
 16 years old, he fulfilled his determination ; he managed to 
 be appointed helper to Army Surgeon Wm. P. Russell and, 
 waving good-by to home and the historic hills of his native 
 state, he marched away with the Fifth Regiment of Ver- 
 mont Yolunteers. 
 
 After reachino' manhood William McBride made his 
 abode in IS^ew Haven. He was a quiet, self-reliant young 
 man, and his good traits soon attracted an influence that 
 made him a meml)er of the police force. Through his ser- 
 vice of ahnost twenty years Sergeant McBride has dem- 
 onstrated his fitness for any phase of police duty. 
 
 In July, 1S83, John Castagnetti murdered a fellow Ital- 
 ian in Oak street and fled from justice. Roundsman Mc- 
 Bride, though, took to the trail and on a lonely road some 
 miles east of Bridgeport he overtook the fugitive murderer 
 who was trudging along in all happy confidence. The ofli- 
 cer confronted the fellow and captured him at the point of 
 the pistol on July 21. The murderer was armed with two 
 stilettoes and a bull-dog, six-shot revolver with every cham- 
 ber loaded. The ofiicer disarmed him and took him back 
 some fourteen miles to Xew Haven. Castagnetti was con- 
 victed in the second degree. The sentence soon upset his 
 reason and he was transferred, a maniac of the wildest sort, 
 to his present abode, the Middletown asylum. 
 
 One July afternoon in 1871, the brother-in-law of the 
 best-known music teacher in town suddenly became a mad- 
 
Jeremiah Dexnehy, 
 sergeant (detective) 
 
 
 PllILir KEI1.LY, 
 SERGEANT (DETECTIVE) , 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF POLICE OFFICIALS. 193 
 
 man, got a revolver and a pocketful of cartridges and walked 
 down Chnrcli street toward the city hall Hashing bnllets at 
 every passing person. Officer McBride rushed to the scene, 
 the madman howled in maniac glee, and flashed a bullet at 
 the charging officer. But the officer kept running straight 
 for the maniac. Twice more the madman pulled the trig- 
 ger but it failed to explode the cartridges. After the pris- 
 oner had been locked up officer McBride examined the cap- 
 tured revolver. It had two cartridges. The hammer did 
 not hit them because a flake of nickle-plate had dropped into 
 the slot at the base of the hammer. So McBride's life 
 was saved. 
 
 In '75 he captured in Richard's market at George and 
 State streets, a German madman that was driving everybody 
 out with a cleaver. Officer McBride rushed straight for him, 
 hurled him to the floor and wrested the cleaver from Inm. 
 
 Sergeant Stephen F. McGann, born Sept. 9, 1854, in 
 New Haven, Conn.; April 29, 1884, made supernumerary ; 
 Aug. 1, 1884, ordered on regular duty by the chief ; 
 Jime 22, 1885, made patrolman. Grade C ; Kov. 1, 1886, 
 promoted patrolmen, Grade B; 'Nov. 1, 1887, promoted 
 patrolman, Grade A ; Mar, 4, 1891, promoted sergeant, as- 
 signed to duty as sergeant Sept. 1, 1892. 
 
 Sergeant John McGratii was born June 8, 1840, in 
 New^ Haven, Conn.; Mar. 7, 1873, appointed patrolman; 
 Mar. 9, 1891, promoted sergeant. He was a molder by 
 trade ; was a member of the old fire department until dis- 
 banded ; was a member of the National Blues, Company D. 
 
194 BICXiKAPHICAL SKETCHES OF POLK^E OFFICIALS. 
 
 2d Keginient, C. N. G., for eight vears till appointed on 
 the police force. 
 
 lie has made some very important arrests, and compli- 
 mented foi- brave and efficient services on two different oc- 
 casions. Following are some «>f the cases in which he dis- 
 tinguished himself : 
 
 Office!' John McGrath was standing on the corner of 
 Frank hn and (rrand streets shortly after midnight, when lie 
 heard a woman's voice ciw : "Is there an officer aroirndT' 
 He answered in the affirmative and Mrs. Munson pushed 
 her head ont of the window over her Imsband's store and 
 asked the officer to see if s<.)niebody had not entered their 
 store through the back door. Mr. McGrath hurried around 
 to the rear of the building and found the store window 
 open. Entering as quietly as possible, he saw a man behind 
 the cigar counter. The man was approaching the rear, but 
 wdien about twenty feet from it, he espied the officer and 
 dashed for the front door with the officer after him. He 
 didn't stop for such a trifle as a glass door, but jumped 
 through the large plate of glass after the manner a circus 
 rider affects when piercing paper rings. Tlie officer was 
 not to be outdone in athletic feats, but performed the same 
 act almost on the heels of the burglar. The man dashed 
 down Franklin street and was followed by the officer and 
 Mr. Munson, the proprietor of the store. The officer took 
 to the street and the thief to the sidewalk. Four shots 
 were tired by those in pursuit, but the fellow was not 
 to be frightened. The officer was gaining all the time be- 
 cause of the less slippery state of the street ; but he feared 
 
that lie might lose the fugitive if lie turned u]) our (»f the 
 side streets, and when as the chase neai'ed (nveue street, 
 and the race was beginnino- to tell on the staving j)uwers of 
 l:)otli, the burglar evineed a dis])nsiti(>u to turn, u]) the street, 
 the officer stopped and threw his club with siu-h aim. that 
 the man dro])ped likt' one shot, lie ])roved to be Johii (ialla- 
 ghei', a Rotorious police court character, lie only reiiUirked 
 to his pursuer : ** Tliat was a good jol).*' In the city eoui-f, 
 he pleaded not guiltv. but refused to say anything. He 
 was l>ound over to tlie supcrioi" court under .^l,Ono bonds. 
 Attorney Deuiing <'oinpliinented ^Mcdrath neatly for his 
 conduct of the arrest. 
 
 Shortly after 4 o'clock in the morning Officer John Mc- 
 Grath approached tlie saloon door of Michael L. Reynolds 
 of 38 Greene street to try it for the last time previous to 
 going to the station house. lie heard a noise inside the 
 store. He listened. The noise was repeated. The officer 
 entered the halfway and felt of the side door of the saloon. 
 He found that a panel had l)een broken out of the top of 
 the door. On tfie floor outside the door were an overcoat, 
 an under coat and a vest. The noise inside was continued. 
 Officer McGrath ran around to the rear of the store and 
 peered through the grated windows. He distinctly saw a 
 man stooped behind the countei-. There were two 
 doors and three windo^vs. all ^videly separated from each 
 other, by which the bur^'lar might escape as soon as he be- 
 came alarmed. The officer ran to the corner of Wallace 
 and Greene streets, and quickly blew his alarm nine times. 
 Before he finished he heard the sound of breaking glass. 
 
196 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF POLICE OFFICIALS. 
 
 He knew the man was trying to escape. He ran to the 
 rear of the yard again. He saw the man giving the last 
 jerk to the bars of the window and jumping out. He cried 
 out to the fugitive to stop or he would shoot. The man, 
 who was in his shirt sleeves, turned to an outhouse and 
 caught the door. The officer kicked in the door and found 
 that the burglar was Terrence Carroll, a young man of ex- 
 cellent family and previous good character himself, who has 
 lived with his mother at 272 East street. 
 
 Residents of the sixth ward, in the vicinity, of Greene and 
 East streets, liad been terrorized for over a month by a gang 
 of toughs and jail birds who made their headquarters on 
 that corner. These gentlemen of leisure, among whom were 
 the remnants of the famous Fanning gang, sat around on 
 the low fence in front of Mallory, Wheeler tfe Co.'s factory 
 on Sundays and insulted, and very often assaulted and mal- 
 treated pedestrians. 
 
 Some of the children in the neighborhood came home 
 and told their parents that the gang had lured an old man 
 down the road and had assaulted and robbed him. One of 
 the men who heard the story thought that that was carrying 
 the thing too far, and he determined to notify the police. 
 Accordingly he made a complaint and Capt. O'Keefe de- 
 tailed Sergeant McGrath to look up the case and break 
 up the gang if it took all the police at his disposal. It was 
 a rather hopeless case and there was not a clue to work upon. 
 The man who made the complaint had no idea who the 
 men were. The only thing that could be called a clue was 
 the fact that Emil Johnson, who was arrested on Sunday for 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF POLICE OFP^ICIALS. 197 
 
 drunkenness, claimed that lie had been robbed. Startiiiir 
 out with this, Sergt. McGrath succeeded in apprehending 
 the men who committed the robbery and in obtainino- suffi- 
 cient witnesses to have them bound over to the superior 
 court. It was a very creditable piece of detective work. 
 
 The men arraigned were Joseph Fanning, James Fann- 
 ing and James Gahan. Johnson, the man who was assault- 
 ed, was unable to identify the accused, but four young men, 
 George Deskin, Kiernan Brophy, Mark Sullivan, James 
 Ganzel, said that they were walking down the railroad near 
 Greene street, on Sunday night about 7 o'clock, and saw 
 Gahan holding Johnson by the throat, with his hand over 
 his mouth, while Joseph Fanning turned the man's pockets 
 inside out. James Fanniiig was standing some distance 
 down the track. When Officers Clancy and Koach, under 
 Sergeant McGrath's supervision, arrested the Fannings and 
 Gahan, all three were intoxicated. 
 
 Seeoeant Jotham II. Oepv, born July 29, 1839, in 
 Orange, X. J. ; Dec. 2, 1874, appointed patrolman; Mar. 9, 
 1891, promoted sergeant. 
 
 Sergeant Philip Reilly, was born Jan. 21, 1827, in 
 Ireland ; Aug. 26, '61, he was appointed patrolman, his term 
 expiring June, '6-1 ; Dec. 4, '67, appointed patrolman ; Nov. 
 14, '70, reappointed patrolman; March 1, 1874, assigned to 
 detective duty ; March 4, 1891, promoted sergeant. 
 
 Sergeant Bartholomew Tiernan was born in Ireland, 
 Sept. 29, 1846. He came to America with his parents June 
 2, 1850, and has resided here in New Haven continually 
 since, with the exception of three years which he served in 
 
198 juo(;kai'1I1CAL sketches of j'olice officials. 
 
 tlie army during tlie late war— IS^) 1-04. Afterward he 
 worked at Ids trade as iron moulder. In the meantime he 
 served seveii years in the C. N. G., company C, 2d regi- 
 ment. March 7, 1873; was appointed patrohiian. and on 
 March 9, 1891, promoted sergeant. 
 
 Sekgea^t Samiel J. WooDREFF. hom Xov. '24:, 1842, 
 in New llaven, C^onn. ; Mar. 7, 1873. appointed patrolman ; 
 Mar. 9. 1891, promoted sergeant. He served during the 
 war four years in the 5th Connecticut, and was mustered out 
 July, 1865. as sergeant. 
 
 Detective-SekitEANT Henry I). (A>wles. was born in 
 Avon, Conn., Jan. 19, 1850, and lived in Hartford until 
 1863, when he came to New Haven, learned the painting 
 and paper hanging business and worked at it until 1878, 
 wlien he was appointed a patrolman on the police force. 
 From 1878 to 1880 he was on duty at the lowei* end of 
 Grand avenue, during which time he received some hard 
 knocks. From L880 to 1890 he was on duty in different 
 parts of the city, and of course made a good many arrests 
 for all sorts of crimes. In October, '82, he arrested Michael 
 Stokes, John Clancy and Patrick Ford for highway robbery 
 from the person of Deacon Baldwin, of Woodbridge, Conn. 
 The same month he arrested James Allen for burglary. In 
 1883, arrested Charles Cornell for burglary; from 1883 to 
 1890 he made a great many arrests for small thefts and 
 minor offenses. On Thanksgiving Eve, 1884, he was sent 
 to a saloon out at Hamilton Park to arrest two men who had 
 almost killed a man ; it took hhn about half an hour to make 
 the arrest, but he iinally succeeded. In October, 1890, he 
 
BIOCfKArillCAI. SKETCHES OF POLICE OFFICIALS. 1«)1) 
 
 aiTOStod the all-aruujjd tliief Miirty Savage, wIki received a 
 loiio; tei'iu ill jail. ( )ii Marcli -i, 1891, he was made a ser- 
 geant, and detailed as desk sergeant at station 4. On Sep- 
 t.einl)er I, 1801. he Avas brought back to headcjnarters. and 
 detailed as a detective. His first case of verv nmcli im- 
 portance was that of Sidney Coe and wife, lie liad just 
 twentv-fonr hours to work the case i\\). He made liimself 
 up as James D. Dewell. went to Coe's house, 282 Daven- 
 port avenue, where he caught (,'oe, who is now in state 
 prison. His next case to work on was a diamond theft. He 
 was on this case two months, and then he arrested Timothy 
 McDermott, Henry Frank and "William Cook. They were 
 found guilty in both courts, and went to jail for nine 
 months. In the meantime he liad arrested a number of 
 thieves for stealing overcoats, gold watches, and many 
 other valuables. January 2, 1892, at the meeting of the 
 board of police commissioners, he was unanimously elected 
 detective sergeant. February 24 he was put on the F. A. 
 Tliomson forgery case. He followed him for a nu:)nth, and 
 at last arrested him in Xew York City, March 25. Thom- 
 son has been tried in the superior court, found guilty, and 
 sentenced to three years in jail. On March 24, 1892, he 
 arrested Charles E. Hilliard for forgery; he was tried at 
 the April term, and sentenced to two years in state prisoiL 
 He also ari-ested the notorious Murty Savage, who had been 
 thieving in surrounding country towns ; he was convicted 
 oii a number of charges, besides being bound over for l)ui'- 
 glary, and after he finishes his jail sentence he will go to 
 state prison. He was detailed on a case of copper stealing 
 
200 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF POLICE OFFICIALS. 
 
 from parties in Ansonia, and May 10, 1S92, arrested Patrick 
 Keardon, who was convicted and sentenced to two years in 
 jail ; he also recovered considerable of the stolen copper. 
 On June 9, 1892, he arrested Harry Freeland for the theft 
 of a bicycle, and in the superior court he was sentenced to 
 one year in jail. Dozens of similar cases could be men- 
 tioned, but space will not permit. He also recovered a 
 great deal of stolen property. 
 
 Edwaed Dowxes, city clerk and ex officio clerk of the 
 police commission, was born on Dwight street, in May, 1S60, 
 and is the son of the late Edward Downes, the well remem- 
 bered newsdealer. His grandfather, Michael Downes, was 
 the lirst newsdealer of Xew Haven, and kept a store in the 
 old Glebe building, in which he was succeeded in 1850 by 
 Mr. Downes' father. Michael Downes was one of the very 
 lirst citizens of the Eoman CathoHc faith to settle in this 
 city. City Clerk Downes entered St. Charles College, Elli- 
 cott City, Maryland, and graduated in the class of 1881, 
 with high honors, taking the salutatory address and many 
 prizes, and entered the Yale law school in 1885, from which 
 he graduated in 1887, and in addition to the practice of law 
 connected himself with the editorial department of the Xew 
 Haven Befjisttr. 
 
 He became prominent in the presidential campaign of 
 1888 as a pohtical speaker of marked ability. In recogni- 
 tion of his services the Democratic party of Xew Haven 
 nominated him for city clerk in 1888. His popularity is 
 attested by the majority he received, running ahead of his 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 0¥ POLICE OFFICIALS. 201 
 
 ticket many lunidred votes. He was re-elected city clerk 
 in December, ISIH). 
 
 An interesting coincidence is that Mr. Downes' uncle, 
 AVilliam Downes, held the same office of city clerk about 
 twenty-live years ago. He is a member of the Knights of 
 St. Patrick, Ivy Club, and recording secretary of Columbia 
 Council, Knights of Columbus. 
 
 Charles T. Candee has been clerk of the police de- 
 partment since January, 1884. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTEK I. 
 
 NEW HAVEN COMMERCIALLY CONSIDERED. 
 
 A Flourishiiiii; Maiuifacturiiiii Center — A Spacious Harbor — Superior 
 
 Railroad Facilities — Numerous Routes of Transportation — Coast- 
 
 in.i? Vessels — Shipments to Foreign Countries — Period of British 
 
 Occupancy— Days of the Embar2:o— Financial Panics— Banking. 
 
 Pagk 7 
 
 (^HAPTER 11. 
 
 NEW haven's FIRST POLICE P^ORCE. 
 
 A Xight Guard Composed of Sixteen Men— Every Night at Sundown 
 the Drum was Beaten — Constables, Marshals and Tithingmen — 
 The Watch-house Avas Located on the Market Place— Duties of 
 tlie Watch Detined -Discharge of Guns, Beating of Drums and 
 Calling of Fire. Fire— Military Companies — The Marshal and the 
 Town-drummer IH 
 
 (CHAPTER III. 
 
 a PERMANENT WATCH ESTABLISHED. 
 
 Superintendents and Chiefs— The Night Watch Discontinued— Seri- 
 ous Collisions Between Students and Citizens— Major Bissell's 
 Presence of Mind— The Foundation of the Present I'olice Sys- 
 tem— A New Departure in Police Protection 31 
 
204 CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTEE lY. 
 
 POLICE DEPARTMENT OF THE CITY OF NEW HAVEN. 
 
 Abolishment of tlie Old Watch— Terms and Provisions of the New 
 Law — A Board of Police Commissioners— The Department to 
 Consist of one Chief, one Captain, one Lieutenant, Ordinary Po- 
 licemen, not Exceeding Twenty, and Fifteen Supernumeraries. 
 40 
 
 CHAPTEK y. 
 
 POLICE commissioners' PROCEEDINGS. 
 
 Not Always Harmonious, l)ut for the Public Good— Kesignations and 
 Vacancies— Officials Investigated— Exit Chief Brown — Office of 
 Roundsman Discontinued — Trial of Lieutenant Sheridan — A Tale 
 of a Dog— Some Delinquent Policemen — Office of First and Sec- 
 ond Sergeant Established 51 
 
 CHAPTEE YI. 
 
 SERIOUS CHARGES PREFERRED BY THE MAYOR. 
 
 A Police Mutual Benefit Aid Association — Meritorious Service Re- 
 warded — Cutting DoAvu Expenses — The Mayor Charges that the 
 Efficiency of the Force has been Sadly Demoralized— An Investi- 
 gation Ordered — Chief Allen Implicated — He is Exonerated, and 
 the Mayor's Charges not Sustained — Police Telephone Stations — 
 The Force Organized fiO 
 
 CHAPTEE YIL 
 
 POLICE PROCEEDINGS AS ANNUALLY REPORTED. 
 Cliief Pond's First Annual Report — The Department and all Things 
 Appertaining in Good Condition — A System of Uniform Promoted 
 Discipline, and Improved the General Condition of the Depart- 
 ment — No Riots or Disturbances — Statistics of Arrests — Numer- 
 ical Strength of the Force — Detective Department Methods. . 74 
 
CONTENTS. 205 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 A MARKED IMPROVEMENT IN THE FORCE. 
 Tliis is Attributable to the Viirilauce of tlie Cliief in Enforcinir the 
 Rules— Completion of the Police Tele<jraph— Intoxication— Of- 
 fenders to be Punished Avith Dismissal— Site for a Police Buildini; 
 Selected— More Patrolmen Demanded— Few Noticeable P>reaches 
 of the Peace ^q 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 THE TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH. 
 An Important Auxiliary to the Police Department— The Mechanism 
 Described— Of Great Value to the Force— The Patrol AVa.^on— 
 The Policeman's Best Friend 100 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 , MORE IMPORTANT POLICE STATISTICS. 
 Police Alarm Stations — The Purchase and Erection of a Further Num- 
 ber Recommended — Captain Hyde's Twenty-tifth Anniversary — 
 Congratulatory Resolutions— Tables of Arrests— More than One- 
 half for Drunkenness Ill 
 
 CHAPTER XL 
 
 OVER ONE-HALF ARRESTS FOR DRUNKENNESS. 
 Municipal Strength of the Department— Changes in the Roster— A 
 Student Mortally Shot in front of a Saloon — Burglary, Theft 
 and other Crimes — Extract from the Chief's Report — The De- 
 partment Eulogized — Bungling House Burglars 129 
 
 CHAPTER XIL 
 
 IMPORTANT POLICE PROCEEDINGS NARRATED. 
 Deatli of the Veteran Patrolman. Thomas Kennedy — No Case of Ho- 
 micide to Record for the Year 1890 — Shop Lifters and 
 Bunco Steerers Not In It — Horse Thieves Brought to Book 
 — Expense of a Policeman's Outflt 147 
 
206 CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTEK XIII. 
 
 VARIOUS BOARDS OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 Extending From the Oriianization of the Present Sj'stera in 180 1 to 
 1892 — When Appointed and When Term Expired— The Governing 
 Body of the Department— A Roster of Faithful Officials . . . 155 
 
 CHAPTEK XIV. 
 
 ANNUAL ROSTER OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 Fi-oni 1882 to 1892— Men AVho Held the Destinies of the Department 
 in Their Keeping — Names of Well Known Citizens — All True to 
 the Trust Reposed in Them .•••.... 101 
 
 CHAPTEK XV. 
 
 A POLICE PENSION LAW. 
 
 A Veteran Reserve — Pensions After Twenty Years' Continuous Service 
 (rranted to Those Permanently Disabled in Actual Duty — The 
 Reserve Fund — Other New Features —Benefit to Widow" or De- 
 pendents 108 
 
 CHAPTEK XVL 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF POLICE OFFICIALS. 
 
 The men who Govern and Control the Police Department — Sketches 
 of Their Official Careers— All Honorable and Trustworthy — 
 Records That the Police Department is Proud of— Public Officers 
 of Intelligence and Integritj' 174 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
A D VER TI SEMEN TS 
 
 W. F. GILBERT,; 
 
 K O A 1_ ! 
 
 65 CHURCH STREET, (Opposite P. O.) 
 
 AND 
 
 81 RAILROAD AVENUK. 
 
 Glebb .-. Coal .-. Okkice. 
 
 Ilacier^ Sanderson, Proprietor, 
 7/4 OHURCH STREET, 
 
 Superior quality Family % Steam Coal. 
 
 YARDS : 87 and 145 LONG WHARF. 
 WILLIAM H. SAGE, Pres. LEVI C. GILBERT, Sec. and Treas. 
 
 The Levi C. Gilbert Co., 
 
 COAL, 
 
 Office, 89 CHURCH STREET, 
 
 Yard, 16 to 26 East Water Street, 
 
 Neina/ Haven, Oonneicticut. 
 
 BURTON DICKERMAN, 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 
 
 : : IcK : Dealer, : : 
 
 TELEPHONE CONNECTION. 
 
 Office: 71 BROADWAY, NEW HAVEN, 
 
A D VER T I SEMEN TS 
 
 T. M. PRUDDEN, Pres. F. E. HUNN, Vice-Pres. and Treas. 
 
 GEO. W. CRANE, Sec'y. 
 
 EZSTABLISHEID 182-4. 
 
 FURNITURE 
 
 t 
 
 the: 
 
 BOIDITGH \ PRIM CO., 
 
 104 a 106 Orange Street, 
 NEW HAVEN, 
 
 O O N N . 
 
A D VER TI SEMEN TS 
 
 MERCHANTS' NATIONAL BANK, 
 
 276 STATE STREET. 
 Capital, - - - ~ $500,000. 
 SAFE DEPOSIT FACILITIES FOR PATRONS, 
 
 Prcshient, C. S. MERSICK. Gtj/»Vr, D. A. ALDEN. 
 
 Directors : 
 
 Nathan F. Hall, Horace J. Morton, C. S. Mersick, Geo. H. Ford, James English, John 
 
 W. Ailing, H. C. Warren, Edwin H. English, F. L. Bigelow. 
 
 Discount Da^'s, . . . Mondays and Tliursdays. 
 
 NEW HAVEN COUNTY NATIONAL BANK. 
 
 317 STATE STREET. 
 
 CAPITAL, .... $3S0,000. 
 
 SURRI_US, .... $185,000. 
 
 Dividends, April and October. Discojint Days, Mondays and Thursdays. 
 
 President, EZEKIEL G. STODDARD. 
 Cashier, HORATIO G. REDFIELD. Teller, JAMES TOLLES. 
 
 Directors : 
 
 James G. English, Henry D. White, John B. Robertson, Ezekiel 
 
 G. Stoddard, Wallace B. Fenn, Edward E. Bradley, 
 
 John B. Carrington, James H. Foy. 
 
 MECHANICS' BANK, 
 72 Church Street. 
 
 Incorporated 1824. Mnwin- Cliarter Perpetual. 
 
 CAPITAIi, - - - - $300,000. 
 
 Dividends January and July. Discount Days Wednesdays and Saturdays. 
 President, CHARLES S. LEETE, [-ice-President, JOHN P. TUTTLE. 
 
 Cashier, CHARLES H. TROWBRIDGE, Book-keeper, E. G. MERWIN. 
 
 Directors. — Charles S. Leete, John P. Tuttle, Thomas R. Trowbridge. Frank 
 W. Benedict, Maier Zander, Edwin F. Mersick, Joel A. Sperry, 
 Oliver S. White, Franklin H. Hart. 
 
AD VER TISEMENTS 
 
 J. H. PliATT. C. P. THOmPSOfl. 
 
 Dlutt \ TpOMp^opI, 
 
 INTERIOR * * 
 % DECORATION, 
 
 PAINTING 4- FRESGOING. 
 
 
 No. 90 and 92 Orange St., 
 
 NEW HAVKN, 
 
 CONN 
 
A D VER TI SEMEN TS 
 
 CEIMTENISIIAL- VEAR. 
 
 The National Nhw Ha\hn Bamk. 
 
 Capital antl Surplus, - - $650,000. 
 
 hiiorporaled as a State Bank in iyg2. 
 
 On^anized as a National Bank in 186^. 
 
 Directors : 
 
 Wilbur F. Day, Henry L. Ilotchkiss, Louis II. Hristol, E. Ilaycs Trow rbidge, 
 
 jr., Timothy Dwight, George H. Townsend, William W. Farnham. 
 
 WILBUR F. DAY, President. ROBERT I. COUCH, Cashier. 
 
 YALE NATIONAL BANK. 
 
 745 Chapel Street, New HyVVEN Connecticut. 
 
 CAPITAL, $500,000. SURPLUS, $150,000. 
 
 Dividends April and October. Discount days Monday and Thursday. 
 
 S. E. MERWIN, President. J. A. RICHARDSON, Cashier. 
 
 Directors : S. E. Merwin, F. S. Bradley, H. S. Dawson, E. S. Greely, H. B. Ives, J. H. 
 
 Leeds, Geo. F. Holcoinb, Geo. O. Cruttenden. 
 
 YAL.E SAFE DEPOSIT VAUL.TS. 
 Auuiial Rental of Boxes from $5.00 to $50.00. Absolute Security. 
 
 Access to vault through the Bank. 
 
 4. The National Tradesmen's Bank, %- 
 
 96 ORANGE STREET. 
 NKW Haven, Conn. 
 
 Capital, $;K)0.000. Surplus and UiKliYided Prolits $150,000. 
 
 Foreign Exchange and Travelers' Credits. 
 
 President, . . GEO. A. BUTLER. 
 Cashier, . . W. T. FIELDS. 
 
 , „, {Mem. N. Y. St' k Ex. H. Cruger Oakley, Mem. N. Y. St'k Ex. 
 
 James Whitely, | .< ^^^-^^ B'do/Td. Maynard C. Evre^J/^w. N. Y. Prod. Ex. 
 Tho6. H. Bolmer, " N.Y. Produce Exchange. 
 
 prince: &l whiteilv. 
 
 Bankers and Brokers, 
 
 64 Broadway, NEW YORK. 15 Center Street, NEW HAVEN, CT. 
 
 C. r>. BOLMER, Manager New Haven Branch. 
 
 All Classes of Railway Stocks and Bonds ; also Grain, Provision and Cotton Bought and 
 Sold on Commission. 
 
 Connections by Private Wire with New York, Boston and Chicago. 
 
 IN\fESTMENT SECURITIES A SPECIALTY. 
 
AD VER TISEMEXTS 
 
 Daniel M, Sheehan 
 
 PRACTICAL 
 
 PLUMBER, 
 
 STEAM AND GAS FITTER. 
 
 flo. 108 Court Street, 
 
 (BET. ORANGE AND STATE STS.,) 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
AD VEK TISEMENTS 
 
 MOSELEY'S NEW HAVEN HOUSE, 
 
 pponting Vale University, 
 
 (OPPOSITE THE (;ri:en) 
 
 Is the only Hotel in the city with a Passenger Elevator. 
 It is to be enlarged and improved this season. 
 
 Seth H. Moseley. 
 
 BESSE, BESSE & CO., 
 
 The RellaWe One-Price Clotlilers, Hatters and [lente' Fnrnisliers. 
 
 784 CHAPEL STRP:ET. 
 
 In the present age of rapid progress and keen business competition it is not always tliose 
 houses which pride themselves on their age that control the bulk of the trade in any par- 
 ticular line, and the reliable house of Besse, Besse & Co. is an evidence of how rapidly 
 and firmly a large and constantly increasing business can be built up on a sure basis by 
 commercial integrity, industry, and a comprehensive and thorough knowledge of the needs 
 of the public. The reliable one-fJrice clothing, hat and gents' furnishing goods store of 
 Messrs. Besse, Besse & Co. v.-as established only five years ago ; the members of the 
 firm, L. W. Besse and H. R. Besse, however, having, prior to that time, had many years' 
 experience in the business. Determining on devoting their experience and capabilities to 
 a business which should involve the features of reliability and strictly one-price they 
 organized the present one, which has since enjoyed an almost phenomenal trade. Their 
 premises comprise three extensive floors, which are completely filled with a magnificent 
 stock of men's, youth's, boys' and children's clothing, in a great variety, of the newest and 
 most approved styles, and made and trimmed equal to the best custom work. Thej' also 
 carry the largest line of gents' furnishing goods in the city, and are headquarters for fine 
 hats, caps, trunks, bags, etc. The clothing sold by this firm is all made especially for 
 them, and the style, cut, finish and fit of every garment is as carefully looked after as if it 
 were made to order. As to the prices, they are guaranteed to be as low as it is possible to 
 produce goods of equal quality, and a corps of courteous and attentive salesmen attend to 
 the wants of patrons, those looking receiving equal respect and attention as if they were 
 purchasers. That the public appreciate the e.xcellent system, the one-price for all, and 
 the superior quality of the goods shown is clearly manifested by the fact that the current 
 year's business shows an enormous increase over that of the previous one, and if the pro- 
 gress made by this firm in the future only keeps pace with its history so far, it will shortly 
 become one of the most e.xtensive retail clothing and outfitting houses in the United 
 States. 
 
 <A TONTINE HOTEL, i» 
 
 EUROPEAN PLAN, 
 
 G. R. HODGDON, Proprietor. 
 
 Centrally Located. All the Modern Improvements. 
 ROOMS $1.00, $1.50 and $2.00 PER DAY. 
 
 Corner CUnrcH and Court IM\\ - NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
ADVER T/SEMEXTS 
 
 H- C. Warren 8t Co., 
 
 -^ BANKERS AND BROKERS, 5v- 
 
 108 ORANOE STREET, 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 InvestDicnt Securities Bought and Sold. Steamship Tickets and Foreign 
 
 Exchansre. 
 
 The superior 
 q u a 1 i t 3' of 
 these instru- 
 ments has 
 won for them 
 
 SHONINGER PlM^s 
 
 the highest praise and admiration. 
 They contain all the essential qualities of a perfect Piano, and are universally endorsed 
 by leading musicians and musical people. The quality of materials used and the skill of 
 the workmen employed in their construction, also our long experience, allow us to say 
 these Pianos are first-class in every respect. 
 
 Faultless Tone, Easy Action, Extreme Durability. 
 
 PERFECTION IN DESIGN and FINISH. 
 
 EISTABLISHEID 1 850. 
 
 I] lust rated Catalogue Mailed ofi Application. 
 
 B. SHONINGER CO,, Manufacturers. 
 
 WAKEROOMS 
 
 225 State Street, Ctiicap, 111, 96 Fiftti Avenue, New YorL 
 
 offices and Factories : NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 Corner CItapel and Chestnut Streets. 
 
 7REMONT # HOUSE ^ 
 
 DAVID HODGDON, Proprietor. 
 
 MOST CENTRAL OF ANY FIRST-CLASS HOTEL IN THE CITY. 
 
 m:odkrn conveniences. 
 
 Steam Heat at the direction of the Guest. 
 
 Cor. Court and Orange Sts . NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
A D I ^ER TISEMF.X TS 
 
 JOHN ^ GLANGEY, 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1870. 
 
 BOTTLER OF ALL KINDS 
 
 OF 
 
 TEMPERANCE DRINKS, 
 MINERAL WATERS, ETC. 
 
 98 CARLISLE ^^' 43 LIBERTY STS. 
 NEW HAVEN, 
 
 CONN. 
 
AD VEK TISEMENTS 
 
 R. BALLERSTEIN & CO., 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL ^\^-\W^\ 
 
 841 and 843 CHAPEL STREET, 
 
 New Haven, Conn. 
 ♦ ♦ OTTENHEIMER ♦ BROS. ♦ ♦ 
 
 Sole Importers of the renowned French 
 
 C. p. A LA SIRENE CORSETS. 
 
 And Manufacturers of the 
 
 SONNETTE CORSETS, 
 
 ->— ^-o-^C— 
 
 Factory ; 102 to 116 HILL STREET, NEW HAVEN, CONN, 
 New York Office : 446 to 448 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, 
 
 The Right Place # # 
 
 For the Right Goods 
 
 At the Right Prices. % 
 
 A. H. SIZER & CO., 
 CLOTHIERS, 
 
 791' CHAPEL STREET . . . NEW HAVEN. 
 
A D VER TISEMENTS 
 
 LEWIS OSTERWEIS. MAX L. OSTERWEIS. 
 
 Lewis Osterweis & Son., 
 
 Manufacturers of Fine Cigars, 
 
 93 CHURCH STREET, 
 NKW^ TiAVKN, CONN. 
 
 ]y[ flYEH, S THOUSE (S Q OlVlPAflY 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 Corsets, Corset Clasps, and Paper Boxes. 
 
 IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN ALL 
 KINDS OF CORSET MATERIALS. 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN., U. S. A. 
 
 Warerooms : 412 BROADWAY, N. Y. 
 
 Stahl & Hegel, 
 kurniturk and carpets, 
 
 LINOLEUM, OIL CLOTH, RUGS, SPIADES, ETC., 
 
 A fine line of 
 
 CHILDREINS' OARRIAGEIS, 
 
 Also 
 
 REFRIGERATORS. 
 
 Agents for the Cold Blast Feather Company. 
 
 The best and cleanest feather in the market. 
 
 We offer the Largest Assortment at the very Lowest Prices. 
 UNDERTAKING. 8, lO, & 12 CHURCH STREET. 
 
AD VER TISEMENTS 
 
 PFAFF &c SON, 
 
 Do your marketing with us, and get the best 
 
 CHOICK MEATS, 
 
 POULTRY, OAIVLK, 
 
 VKOEXAKLES. 
 
 Nos. 7 and 9 Church Street. Telephone, 446-4. 
 No. 152 Portsea Street. "' 446-3. 
 
 Savin Rock. " 152-3. 
 
 ^T-HE NEW HAVEN WATER COMPANYt> 
 
 realizing that no one element is so essential for the health, comfort and 
 growth of a city as a good supply of pure water, for domestic and manufac- 
 tunng purposes, desires to call attention to the unsurpassed facilities of its 
 water supply. 
 
 It has five independent sources, which for quality, quantity and purity, have 
 no equal in any city in the United States. 
 
 The sources of supply are all situated within a radius of ten miles of the 
 City Hall, and can be developed as necessity demands to furnish water for 
 500,000 inhabitants. 
 
 STORAQK CAPACITY. 
 
 Lake Whitney, 800,000,000 gallons. 
 
 Lake Saltonstall, 1,335,000,000 " 
 
 Dawson Lakes I, 2, 3, 1,080,000,000 " 
 
 Maltby Lakes, I, 2, 3, 132,000,000 " 
 
 Lake Wintergreen, 160,000,000 " 
 
 1 otal .... 3,507,000,000 
 
 DAILY SUF^PIvY. 
 
 By Steam and Water Pumps, . , . . 15,000,000 gallons. 
 
 By Gravitation, 12,000,000 •' 
 
 Total daily supply, .... 27,000,000 
 
 WEISS & ENDRISS, 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 CHOICE GROCERIES, MEATS, VEGETABLES, 
 Fruit, Teas, Coffees, Spices, etc., 
 
 : FINEST CALIF()RNL\ FRUIT A SPECIALTY. : 
 
 485 Chapel Street, New Haven, Conn. 
 
 (Corner Franklin Street.) 
 Goods delivered to any part of the City. Vessels supplied. 
 
AD VER TISEMENTS 
 
 The J. GIBB SMITH & CO., 
 LUMBER and MILL WORK. 
 
 North Carolina, Georgia Pine and Cyprus in car lots a specialty. 
 
 Sash, Doors, Blinds, Mouldinp^s, Stair Work, Man- 
 tels, and Inside Cabinet Trim. 
 
 136 EAST WATER STREET, 
 
 NEW HAVEN, = - CONN. 
 
 THE SOUTHERN NEWA ENGLAND TELEPHONE CO, 
 
 M. F. TYLER, President. ^flBJiriS^, A. H. EMBLER, Sec. & Treas. 
 
 E. B. BAKER, Gen'lSupt., mSpSfllSS^ ^- ^' CLARKE, As.st. Treas. 
 
 Executive Offices, 110 120 COLHT ST., NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 NEW HAVEN DIVISION. 
 
 Main Ofliceaiifl Public Station, Telephone Building, ii8 Court St., Room i, N. H. 
 
 Bi-aiicli Ortice and Public Station, Rogers Street, Hranford. 
 
 PAY STATIONS. 
 
 54 CONGRESS AV.. New Haven, D. Acklev & Sou's Store. 
 
 Cor. GRAND AV. & STATE ST., New Haven, G. N. Allinsf's Drug Store. 
 19 EAST GRAND AV., New Haven, A. H. B.iines' Dni? Store. 
 
 339 HOWARD AV., New Haven, Geo. H. Butricks' Drug Store. 
 HOUSATONIC R. R., Passentfer Depot, New Haven. 
 
 303 CONGRESS AV., New Haven, R. H. Dimock's Drug- Store. 
 ISeSHELTON AV., New Haven, M. J. Hotehkiss' Dru}; Store. 
 
 Cor. WHALLEY AV. A SHERRY ST., N. H., Chas. F. Messinger's Drug Store. 
 Cor. CHAPEL an.l COI.I.Ei^E STS., New Haven, New Haven Honse. 
 fNION DEPdT, New H:n-,n, Pa-ei.trer Depot. 
 
 M-J CHAPEL ST.. New Haven, .Sawver Bissell Dru|rCo. 
 RRANFORD, SHORT BEACtL E. B. Kiiuwle>. 
 
 GUILKURD. POST OFFICE, tie... M. Bradley. 
 MADISON, POST OFFICE, H. N. Coe. 
 
 URANGE, Housatonlc Railroad Co. Depot. 
 
 TYLER CITY, Housatonic Railroad Co. Depot. 
 
 NORTH HAVEN, Joseph Pierpont's Store. 
 
 CLINTON, Reynolds & Wrijrht's Dru? Store. 
 
 MILFORD, X. RIVER ST., Chas. A. Lyman's Jewelry Store. 
 
 W. G. RIGGS, L.ocal Manager. 
 
 W. A. BECKLEY & CO., 
 
 167 East Water St., Cor. Union, 
 Neiw Haven, Conn. 
 
A D VER TISEMENTS 
 
 a THOMPSON & BELiDEH 
 
 VHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 
 
 PAINTS, OILS, GLASS, 
 VARNISHES and BRUSHES. 
 
 SOt,E AGENTS FOR 
 
 Masury's Railroad and Liquid Colors, 
 
 Nos. 396 and 398 State Street, Courier Buildino-, 
 NEiw have:n, conn. 
 
 LAUNDRYING, 
 DYEING, CLEANING, 
 
 THE OLDEST AND LARGEST 
 
 Establishment of this kind in 
 
 NEW ENGLAND. 
 
 With a large and complete plant, each department stocked with the newest and best 
 appliances for producing the liighest quality of work, we are enabled to maintain an ever 
 increasing and widespreading patronage. 
 
 LAUNDRVING of every description and unequaled in point of excellence. 
 
 DYElN(i of suits, overcoats, dresses, silks, gloves, feathers, etc. 
 
 CLEANING of garments of all kinds, window shades, blankets, etc. 
 
 Cleaning of Summer Outing Suits. 
 SPECIAL DEPARTMENT FOR CLEANING OF LACE CURTAINS. 
 
 Canet CleaniuE. Camets Tateii Uj, Cleaueft and Relaii. 
 
 THE FORSYTH COMPANY, 
 
 Office, 878 Cliapel Street, New Haven. 
 
 Branch Offices : 645 CHAPEL ST., NEW HAVEN. 
 20 WEST MAIN ST., MERIDEN. 
 118 FAIRFIELD AVE., BRIDGEPORT. 
 Works: STATE, LAWRENCE & MECHANIC STS., NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 The National Varnish Co., 
 
 ylNCORRORATED.) 
 
 195 SALTONSTALL AVE., NEW HAVEN. 
 
 (-TELEPHONE.) 
 
 Manufacturers of High Grades of 
 
 VARNISHES, DRYERS and JAPANS, 
 
 Also Turpentine. Raw and Boiled 
 Linseed Oil. etc. 
 
AD VER T I SEMEN TS 
 
 C. S. MERSICK & CO., 
 IRON, STEEL, METALS, 
 
 HARDWARE, ETC., 
 
 286, 288, 290 and 292 STATE STREET, 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 "THE: BIGEILONA/ CO. 
 
 Maiiiifactiirei's of Steam Boilers. Taiits, and Plate Irn Woit, 
 
 92 to 102 RIVER STREET. 
 
 Ill tlie present age the demand for steam boilers and plate iron work is an enormous one, 
 and among the most extensive houses devoted to their production in Connecticut is the 
 well-known Bigelow Co., whose works are located at Grapevine Point in the south-eastern 
 part of the city. This enterprise is peculiarlj- a New Haven one, whose growth and pro- 
 gress has not alone conferred material benefit upon the city, but has also tended to enhance 
 her reputation as an eligible and successful manufacturing centre in the widely scattered 
 places where the boilers made here have been sent. This business was established in i860 
 by the late ex-Governor H. B. Bigelow on a limited scale. In 1861 he associated with him 
 Mr. Henr>' Elson, under the style of H. B. Bigelow & Co. In 1877 the partnership was 
 extended by the entrance of Mr. George S. Barnum. Its present form is that of a corpo- 
 ration, known as The Bigelow Co., organized in 1883 under a special charter granted by the 
 Legislature of that year. In 1869 the present plant, covering about three acres, was first 
 occupied. A fire destroyed a part of their buildings in 1873, which were rebuilt. They 
 now consist of a machine shop, boiler shop, blacksmith shop and other buildings, which 
 are compact and well arranged, and are fully equipped with all necessary' modern machin- 
 ery, employment being furnished to about 150 skilled workmen. While the company man- 
 ufacture steam boilers, in which department they enjoy a wide-spread reputation and trade 
 extending through the United States, Canada and many foreign countries, they also do a 
 great deal of special heavy machine work, having lately added to their plant large and 
 heavy tools of the most improved pattern for doing this class of work. The facilities of 
 this company for the receipt of raw material, and the shipment of their finished product, 
 are particularly favorable, the works being contiguous to the water and the railroad. In all 
 respects the company occupies a foremost position, and is managed with energy, enter- 
 prise, and modern methods. The officers of the company are : President, F. L. Bigelow, 
 oldest son of the late Governor Bigelow; Secretary and Treasurer, George S. Barnum ; 
 and Assistant Treasurer, W. P. Bigelow, who has charge of the New York Office. 
 
 E. STANNARD & SON, 
 
 : : : IRON FOUNDERS AND PATTERN MAKERS : : : 
 
 Nos. 30 to 2)^ Artisan Street, 
 NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Licensed Alanufacturers of the Goetz Box Anchor and Tiinber Cap. 
 
AD VER TISEMENTS 
 
 FpSKETT & BISHOP, 
 o<| Engineers and Contractors [>o 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 G. cS^ J. R. BOLTON'S HOT V^ATEIR H EI AXE R 3, 
 
 PLUMBING, STEAM AND GAS FITTING. 
 
 Cor. Grand and Railroad Aves. Branch Store No. 490 State Street, 
 
 ne:\a/ haven, conn. 
 New York Office, 114 Liberty Street. 
 
 F. P. PFLEGHAR & SON, 
 
 MACHINISTS, 
 
 AND 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF LIGHT HARDWARE, 
 
 74 Crown Street, New Haven, Conn. 
 
 Reynolds and Co., 
 
 MANUFACTURERS (JF 
 
 <A SCREWS AND BOLTS, i>o 
 
 RODS, WROUGHT IRON WORK, ETC, FOR ROOFS and BRID&ES, 
 321 East Street, New Haven, Conn. 
 
 THE BELDEN MACHINE CO., 
 
 MEW HAVEIN, C O IM N . 
 
 Scranton Improved Nail Puller and 
 other Hardware Specialties. 
 
 Drop Forgings. Power Hammers. Dies and Special Machinery. 
 
A D VER TISEMENTS 
 
 JAMES REYNOLDS, 1'kks. P. O'CONNOR, Sec. and Tkka.s. 
 
 THE JAMES REYNOLDS MFG. CO.. 
 
 99 Mill River St., New Haven, Conn., 
 
 BRASS FOUNDERS. 
 
 CJoniposltiuit l{raK$«, 
 
 Bronze, Nickel, Silver "Wlilte ai»cl otlier 
 Soft Metal. 
 
 FINE PATTERN CASTINGS A SPECIALTY. 
 
 The Machine Department Manufactures Special Machin- 
 ery. Also New and Improved " Turn-over Draw Plate 
 Molding Machines and Sand Pressers Combined," and Lift 
 Machines. Havin;:i^ O'Connor and IMcNamara's Improved 
 
 Flask Lifters, Patented 
 x\pril 5th, 1S92. Also, 
 Improved Sand Presser 
 worked by a thirty-inch 
 ever. Patented, Nov. 3, 
 '91. Size of Machines, 
 20 inches long, i 3 inches 
 wide and 7 inches deep, 
 and are so made that 
 thev can be set up on 
 brackets or in a brass- 
 molders' bench. Also, 
 "' Sub-Plate, Turn-Over 
 Draw Plate Machines," 
 under O'Connor's Pa- 
 tent, (No. 438,821), 
 dated October 21, 1S90, 
 for molding rapidly and 
 accurately, Door and Pad Locks and like articles having 
 holes, studs or posts in them. No Draft or Patterns are 
 needed, thereby Saving Considerable Metal. Prices are very 
 reasonable. 
 
AD VER TISEMEXTS 
 
 THE FA^f^EH BfJOTHEl^S CO., 
 
 MANUFACTURFRS OF 
 
 METALLIC SPRING BEDS 
 
 No. 4 ARTIZAN STREET, 
 New Haven, Conn. 
 
 The Winchester Repeating Shot Gun 
 
 IS THE ARM 
 
 FOR police: on riox duty 
 
 The Chicago Police used it during the Anarcliist Riot, 
 
 Send for Cataloj^iic of Rijles, Shot Guns and Ai)uiiiinition to 
 
 WINCHESTER REPEATING ARMS CO,, 
 
 NEIW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 The John E. Bassett &. Co., 
 
 754 CHAPEL STREET, ; ; ; 320 STATE STREET, 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 KINE CI^TTLERY aod HAKOW^ARE, 
 
 GARDEiV H08E. L.AAVX 3IO^VER.S. WI^'DO^^ SCREENS, 
 
 MECHAMCS' TOOLS, BUILDERS' HARDWARE, 
 
 ROPES AAD TWIXE. 
 
 AGEIN-rS F=-OR LOVELL. BICVCLEIS, 
 Cusllloii, S95.00. Pneumatic, $115.00. 
 
A D VER TISEMENTS 
 
 GEO. E. DANN, Pres. E. N. CARRINGTON, Sec. FRED. T. BRADLEY, Treas. 
 
 THE 
 
 Bradley, Dann & Carrington Co., 
 
 DKAr.KRS IN 
 
 AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, 
 WOODENWARE and 
 
 HARDWARE SPECIALTIES. 
 
 Cor. STATE AND COURT STREETS, NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 Buckingham, Clark & Jackson, 
 
 .Succes.sois to F. S. BRADLEY & CO., 
 
 Wholesale Hardware Merchants, 
 
 flnd fnanufactupers' Agents, 
 
 294, 296 anil 298 STATE STREET, NEW HAVEN, CONN, 
 
 \VM. W. BUCKINGHAM. WM. S. CLARK. ARTHUR H. JACKSON, 
 
 CURTISS & PIERPONT, 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 FURNACES, COOKINfi RANGES, PARLOR ami COOKING STOVES 
 
 Manufacturers of (Talvaiiized Iron Cornice, Copper, Tin 
 and Sheet Iron Ware. 
 
 Plumbing, Steam and Gas Fitting in all their Branches. 
 
 JOBBI]\G DOIVE AT SHORT IVOTICE. 
 
 272-2I4 Elm Street, Jiiuctiou Broadway, New Hayeii, Coini. 
 
 J. WHEATON STONE, FRED. B. FARNSWORTH, HARRY B. BROWN, 
 
 J/'i^r Brick M'ch'y D' pt . Prcs. and Treas. Secretary 
 
 THE McLAGON FOUNDRY CO., 
 
 IRON FOUNDERS, 
 
 MACHINISTS, 
 
 PATTERN MAKERS, 
 
 BLACKSMITHS 
 
 Builders of the "New Haven" Brick jSIachinc and Special 
 
 ^Machinery. 
 JOBBING IN ALL. BRANCHEIS. 
 
AD VER TISEMENTS 
 
 FREDERICK HOWSHIELD, 
 
 ^174 to 206 BASSETT STREET,-^ 
 NEW Haven, Conn. 
 
 Manufacturer of and Dealer in 
 
 CARRIA&ES, BU&dlES AND WAGONS, HARNESS AND ROBES, 
 
 Also Carriagre Wood Work. 
 
 IV, IV. MINER. G. W. PECK. S. RECK. 
 
 Miner & Peck Manufacturing Co., 
 
 (Successors to Beecher & Peck,) 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 PECK'S PATENT DROP PRESS. BLAST FORGES, 
 
 STEEL. AND IRON DROP PORGINGS, 
 
 LLOYD aM RIYER STREETS, NEW HAYEN, CONN. 
 
 JAMEIS GRAHAM Sl OO., 
 
 BRASS FOUNDERS, 
 
 2 03 Wooster Street. 
 
 The leading and most important representative of the brass foundry interests of New- 
 Haven is that of Messrs. James Graham & Co., founded in i86i by Mr. James Graham, 
 the present firm, composed of the founder and Mr. Charles E. Graham, having been insti- 
 tuted in i88o. The products of the house consist of all kinds of brass, bronze and compo- 
 sition castings, and the firm are also manufacturers of all grades of Babbitt metal and their 
 own patent nickel bronze center car journal bearings. The trade ot this house extends 
 throughout the United States, and their bearings are in use on a number of foreign rail- 
 roads, notably on the government railroads in Australia. The members of the firm are 
 both closely identified with the industrial development of this city, and Mr. James Gra- 
 ham is also President of Bear Valley Irrigation Co. of California, and vice- President of the 
 Boston Buckboard & Carriage Co., and was one of the organizers of these enterprises. He 
 has also served the community in both branches of the State legislature for a number of 
 terms. 
 
 F. H. RUSSELL, 
 LUMBER MERCHANT, 
 
 Columbus Avenue, 
 Water and Portsea Streets, 
 
 NEW HAVEIN CONN. 
 
.inj'/-:/r/'/sKA//:\ / s ^xi 
 
 ADAM SAl riG. C.KO. F. CERNKR 
 
 SATTIG & GERNER, 
 
 Dl.AI.KKS IN ALL KINDS OK Fl RSI-CLASS 
 
 GROCERIES AND CHOICE MEATS 
 
 Fruits a Specialty. 
 860 Sc Se^ STA-TEI STREIEIX. 
 
 E. G. Stoddard. A. H. Kimberly. C. B. Gilbert. 
 
 STODDARD, KIMBERLY & CO., 
 Wholesale Gpoceps, 
 
 AND IMPORTERS OF 
 
 MOLASSES, TEAS, CIGARS, 
 
 AND 
 
 TABLE DELICACIES. 
 
 Sole A9ei)bs for Pillslnii-y'^ and Ccre^cU'a Fl( 
 '-J13 = 21o Water St , ISTew Haven, Coiari, 
 
 For your Security we Arrest your attention 
 
 To the well-know ti name 
 Which is a guarantee to you of perfect safety. When desiring to use the best 
 
 gpead pioar, S^l^-Paising pioar, guekmheat op Qereals, 
 Insist on having "Heckers'." 
 
A D VER TISEMEXTS 
 
 H. L. ANDREW I CO., 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Dealers 
 
 I N 
 
 CHOICE MEATS 
 
 AND 
 
 PROVISIONS, 
 
 VEGETABLES, EGGS, BUTTER, 
 CHEESE, ETC. 
 
 Centet' of City fllarket 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
\ lANDl.NK. 
 for Meals. Fish and i^ai 
 
 OCEAN WAVK. 
 for Shrimp, Lohslers, 
 
 Oysters, Clams, . 
 
 PEARL, 
 
 IVir Cream. 
 
 SNOW FLAKE. 
 
 for Milk aii.l Butter. 
 
 OYSTER 
 
 PRESERVATIVE, 
 
 fur Oysters e.\i-Iusivel\ 
 
 APrr.K T/sr..\fEXTs 
 
 Tlie HiuiMoii PreservaliTe Co 
 
 SPECIAL 
 ' OCEAN WAVE, 
 
 Sdle I'rttprietors and Maniifartiirprs of 
 
 "REX MAGNUS," 
 
 Tlie Food Preservative, 
 
 139 PARK STREET, 
 New Haven, . Conn, '•►^''"tivk 
 
 ' riirk Sausatres. 
 
 for .lams, .lellie.-. pir. 
 
 NEPTCNE, 
 
 lor (Ivy salte.l and l...iieU>.- 
 
 CrMlti>h. 
 
 ANTI-KKRMEN T. 
 
 for Cider, el. . 
 
 MNEtiAR ANTI-MOLn. 
 
 I..r l'i<kle<l Meats, Piekles, 
 
 Catsiiji, ele. 
 
 SAUSAGE 
 
 " ^ 241 StateSt. New Haven, 
 
 SEAMLESS RUBBER CO., 
 
 MAXUPACTURERS OF 
 
 DRUGGISTS' SUNDRIEIS, 
 
 Moulded Work a Specialty. 
 
 "^ DAGGETT STREET, NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 S.F. FOOTE, Sec. and Trea.s. D. U. MARTIN, (icn 1 Mang Saloman. 
 
AD VER TI SEME NTS 
 
 KoR Laroest Assortnient ok 
 
 CARPETS ai)c{ WALL PAPERS, 
 
 AT LOWEST PRICES, 
 
 —(4(1 TO— 
 
 li. I^OTHCHltitD St BROTHER, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Warerooms, 
 NOS. 683-685-687-689 GRAND AVENUE, NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 DIRECT IMPORTER OF 
 
 PERSIAN -I TURKISH RUGS, 
 
 Embroideries, Etc. 
 
 940 CHAPEL STREET, 
 NEW HAVKN, . . CONNECT ICX_IT, 
 
 — ^>S^^Juclges Cave Cigar Manufactory.^ 
 
 Frederick D. Grave, 
 
 MANUFACTURER .'. OF •-. CIGARS, 
 
 Importer and Packer of Leaf Tobacco, 
 
 CORNER STATE and WOOSTER STS. 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 M. ZUNDEIR 6c SONS, 
 IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS, Foreign Produce. Tobaccos, Wines, Liquors, 
 
 253, 255 AND 257 STATE STREET. 
 
 This Firm was Founded toity years ago by Mr. Maier Zunder, the senior member. Associated with him are 
 his two sons, Albert and Theodore, and his stepson, Albert A. Rosenthal. The firm is noted for importing the 
 choicest Brandies, Rums, Gins, Rhine Wines, Clarets, in fact all the desirable European pridiicts pertaining to 
 the wine and liquor line. They also handle a complete line of the better quantities ot domestic goods. 
 
 THEY ARE THE LARGEST JOBBERS OF TOBACCOS IN THE EAST. ^ ^. 
 
 The very best qualities of Swiss Cheese. <Tcrman B.dotjna. Holland and Scotch Herrings, French Sardines and 
 other delicacies niav be obtained always at lowest market prices. 
 
 The " Roisdorf " and "Rheus'" Mineral Waters, which are "the best table water? in the world, are imported 
 at short intervals, and are consequently always fresh and invigorating. 
 
 Messrs. M. Zunder and Sons are also' agents for the Xovth German Lloyd's Red Star Hamburg Packet Co., 
 and the Netherlands American Steamship Co., plying between Bremen and Hamburg and New York, and they 
 furnish cabin and steerage passage at lowest rates, and all necessary infimiation. Passage may .nlso be secured 
 from them by any other Trans-Atlaatic lines. They also isiue drafti'pay,il<le in -iny part of Euroj;'e, and traiisact 
 all busitiess' incident to a ge0er.1l steaiflsbip agency. Mr. M. Zunder is also Presiaent of the ^atioual Savings 
 Bank ; a Director of the MecTianies' Bank ; au active member of the Chamber of Commerce ; and has served the 
 district f^'r over twenty-two years as a member of the Beard of Education, which made bim the senior in tht 
 board. 
 
AD VER TISEMEX TS 
 
 
 
 ,C? .v,^> 
 
 'V' .^ N^ v' o tJ? <:.^ ^ 
 
 
 
 
 THE L CANDEE & CO., 
 
 Corner East and Green Streets, 
 Manufacture Daily 20,000 Pairs 
 
 t^UBBE{^ BOOTS AHD SHOES. 
 
 HENRY L. HOTCHKISS, Pres. 
 
 CHAS. L. JOHNSON, Treas. 
 
 WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 
 
 BOOTS, SHOES ^^ RUBBERS, 
 306 bo 312 Skabe Street, 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 TheEmpipeand Hew England Tpansportation Co.'s 
 
 FREIGHTING to all POINTS ON LONG ISLAND SOUND. 
 GEO. B. MARTIN, GEN'L. MANAGER. 
 
 COMPARTMENT COAL BARGES, Carrying from 200 to 1000 tons each. 
 
 About 125 tons to each compartment. 
 
 Each Size of Coal Kept Separate and Under Cover. 
 
 FLEET OF 130 BARGES. 6 TUGS. 
 
 OFFICES : 
 
 \ ROOM 187, No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 
 ' WATER, cor. EAST ST., NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
AD VER TI SEME NTS 
 
 OAK HALL CLOTHING CO., 
 
 FINE AND MEDIUM 
 
 READY MADE CLOTHING, 
 Largest Stock. Lowest Prices. 
 
 Boy's and Children's Clothing a Specialty. 
 51 CHURCH STREET , t. a. wyre,mo„^ 
 
 MEN DEL & FREEDMAN/^"!^VJ"Syifl"t™er 
 
 One of the most extensive and representative retail furnishing goods stores 
 in New Haven is that of Messrs. Mendel and Freedman, and the only one in 
 the city which carries a full and complete line of gentlemen's and ladies' 
 furnishing goods exclusively. Although the junior of many of its competi- 
 tors, having been founded in 1S86, its management has developed such a ca- 
 pacity for attracting trade and holding it, that already its transactions far 
 outstrip those of some of its older rivals. The firm carry in their commodious 
 salesrooms a complete stock of fine and medium grades of ladies' and gents' 
 furnishing goods, embracing fine underwear, hosiery, corsets, gloves, collars 
 and cuffs, men's shirts, umbrellas, and parasols, and the thousand-and-one 
 large and small articles that modern requirements demand to make up a 
 lady's or gentleman's wardrobe. The members of the firm are Isidor Freed- 
 man and Adolph Mendel, both gentlemen of experience in the business, and 
 thoroughly alive to the wants of the trade. 
 
 WILLIAM M. KING, 
 
 Manufacturer of 
 
 SAILS, TENTS, AWNINGS, 
 
 FIiRGS, COVHHS, ETC. 
 
 All made in the best manner, and warranted 
 to give satisfaction. Cotton Duck, Sail Twine, 
 Sail Needles, Old Canvas, etc. Old Sails 
 bought and sold. To Rent, Tents of all Sizes, 
 from Canvas Pavilions, 100 feet, down to 
 7 feet. Also side-walk Canopies for Weddings, 
 Parties, etc 
 
 205 Lon^ Wharf, New Hayen, Conn. 
 
 N~EW HAVeN ice CO., 
 
 Office, 191 Orange Street. 
 
 Few Corporations enjoy a higher reputation in this city than does the 
 New Haven Ice Company. The Company owns a number of immense store- 
 houses, which are filled in the winter, and they gather in their ice harvest 
 from Saltonstall and Whitney Lakes. The city of New Haven is supplied 
 with water from these lakes, which is pure, as has been declared by analysis. 
 The ice is free from imperfections, very transparent and superior in every 
 respect. When so much attention is paid to the sanitary condition of food 
 and water, people should know where the ice comes from that they consume. 
 The New Haven Ice Co. makes a specialty of supplying families, hotels, 
 stores and all retail trades Mith ice in quantities to suit. The rates of charges 
 for ice are reasonable and the service is prompt and reliable. The officers of 
 the company are John L. Treat, President, and F, F. Bishop. Secretary and 
 Treasurer. 
 
A D VER TI SEMEN TS 
 
 New Haven Decorating Co., 
 
 AVm. McGUATII, M'g'r, 
 
 DECORATORS OF BUILDINGS 
 
 For Celebrations in any part of the Country. 
 HALL DECORATIONS FOR BALLS, FAIRS, ETC., A SPECIALTY 
 
 Siflewali Caiiopies and Crash Fiiriiislieil wlieu desired 
 181 MEADOW STREET, NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 J. WOLCOTT, PRES. C. J. PARRET, SECY AND TREAS. 
 
 THE WOLCOTT & PARRET CO., 
 
 House and Sign Painting, 
 
 Graiijiijo, Wood Fillii)6, ai)d Paper Hap^irjd^, 
 Sy ORANGE Street, New Haven, Conn. 
 
 T. W. CORBEZTX, 
 
 WOOD AND SLATE MANTELS, 
 
 ARTISTIC TILE, BRASS AND WROUGHT IRON FIRE-PLACE GOODS, 
 
 STOVES, RANGES, STEAM AND HOT-AIR FURNACES, 
 RLUMBING, STEAM AND CBAS F-IT-riNG, 
 
 GALVANIZED CORNICE AND SHEET IRON WORK. 
 
 29 and 31 BROADWAY, - - NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 CONNECTICUT CONCRETE CO., 
 
 Concrete ^ and ^ Asphalt ^ Paving 
 
 For Walks, Driveways, Stables, Factories, Etc. 
 
 OFFICE : WORKS : 
 
 49 Ctiiircti Street, Room 2. West Ctiapel and WMtteinore Streets. 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 J. H. MacDONALD, President. Turfing and Grading. 
 
A D I ^EK TISEMEA ' TS 
 
 flDA^S HOUSE, 
 
 08 GEORCxE STREET, 
 \izxjx Hsiven, Conn, 
 
 BOARD, ^1.50 per Day. 
 
 MRS. J. SANDS, • • Proprietor. 
 
 Dayton Hotel, 
 
 289 Wooster Street, 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 The house has been thoroughly reno- 
 vated and refurnished throughort. 
 REGULAR RATES, $1.50 TO $2.00 PER DAY. 
 Special rates to Theatrical People, 
 Commercial Men and Permanent Board- 
 ers. Everj'thiug First-class. Central 
 . for Boats and Trains, American and 
 i European Plan. 
 I E. I. CLARK, Propbietob. 
 
 DURANT HOTEL, 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN., 
 128, 130, 132 State St., 
 
 {Ni'ar Union and Derby Dt'/>c>ts.) 
 
 Special Rates to Coniniercial Travelers. 
 
 FRED. A. DURANT, Prop. 
 
 ELLIOTT HOUSE, 
 
 -^W^ HAYEX, CONN. 
 
 diapel. cor. Oliye Street, 
 
 Sam'l H. Crane, Prop'r. 
 
 First Class. Pleasantly located. 
 
 On the Principal Business Street. 
 Accessible by Horse Qus to Railroads, 
 Stea»il>oats and ail Parts 0/ tlie City. 
 Cars pass tlie House. 
 
 Rates, $2.50, $3.00 and $3.50 p. Day. 
 
 Hotel Brunswick, 
 
 111 aiift 113 Court SL 
 
 KENWICK HOUSE. 
 
 928 CHAPEL STREET, 
 
 iCoriiei' Temple.) 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 1 Location very Central. 
 
 Cafe and Dining Rooms. 
 
 Sample Rooms Couuected. 
 J. B. MANIGAN, Proprietor. 
 
 S3. 00 Per Day. 
 
 Elegant Rooms En Suite or Single. 
 First- Class Accommodations for Tran- 
 sient or Regular Boarders. 
 
 Special Rates for Professional People. 
 
 MRS. K. T. CONNELLY, Pro. 
 
 THE ALDRICH HOUSE 
 
 160 State Street, 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 SPECIAL RATES TO PROFESSION. 
 
 W. W. Cameron, - Proprietor. 
 Geo. M. Cameron - Cleric. 
 
 PAVILION HOTEL, 
 
 H. A. WALKER, - - Proprietor. 
 
 One Block/rovt the Depots. Horse Cars 
 
 pass every Jive jninutes. 
 
 JUST RENOVATED THROUGHOUT. 
 
 MODERN IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 RATES, $2.00 PER DAY. 
 40 MEADOW STREET, 
 
 NEW HAVEN, - - - CONN. 
 
A D VER TISKMKNTS 
 
 PINGREE HOUSE, 
 
 64 and 66 center ST., 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 Rooms, 50c. and 75c. per day. 
 
 Meals at all hours. 
 
 Special Rates to Commercial Men. 
 
 EVERYTHING NEW. 
 
 J. D. PINGREE, . . . Manager. 
 
 T H R 
 
 THE ARLINGTON, 
 
 152 and 154 Meadow Street, 
 
 (Near Consi.liihiU.a .'in.! D.'rI.y D.-pnts) 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 RICHMOiXM) HOUSli. 
 
 91, 93, 95 UNION STREET, 
 
 In The Center of the City, 
 
 r^cu-i Ha^en, - -^ Conn. 
 
 HUGH W. MORTOIV, Prop. 
 
 Picites to Traveling Companies. 
 
 Come once and you will come again. 
 
 ■ >' ■ . ii '■ 
 
 Rates, - $2.00 Per Day. 
 
 B. T. BUELL. Pro. L S. Sbepard, Klerk. 
 
 WINTHROP HOUSE, 
 
 468 State Street, 
 I NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 I This House has been Newly Refitted with 
 I all Modern Improvements, including Steam 
 j Heat, etc. 
 
 TERMS, PER DAY, $1.50. 
 { Special Rates to Coramercial Men and I'ermanent 
 i Boarders. 
 
 \V. G. GUNNING, Proprietor. 
 
 THE GLOBE HOTEL, 
 
 322, 324 WOOSTIB ST. 
 
 T. A. MCCAFFERY. 
 
 C. F. TUTTLE, 
 
 Wliolesale ami Retail Dealer in 
 Liprs, Wines, etc. 
 
 CHOICE FAMILY GROCERIES, TEAS, COFFEES, 
 SPICES, ETC. 
 
 21 BROADWAY, 
 
 New Haven, Conn. 
 
 WM. J. SHEEHAN, M. BERGMAN, 
 
 IMPORTER OF WINES AND LldUORS. ' ^'''''TJl^^, '''''l^J::'X 
 u 1 11? wi-1- 39 • UNION . STREET, 
 
 Bourbon ana Rye T\hiskies, ^^ NEW HAYEN, CONN. 
 
 In Bond and Tax Paid. sole Agent for and bottler of 
 
 Frank Joues' Portsmoiitli Ale in A. Fiuck it SOHS' N. Y. LaffCr, 
 
 Hlicis, Bbls, and Halves. 
 
 and 180 State Street, 
 
 And 
 Bartholomay's Rochester Stock Lager. 
 
 ,'lra.dTe.rZ.. New Haven, C0Dn.:Orae..s<,eHve.e.^,to an. part „,the 
 
AD VER TISEMENTS 
 
 J. D. DEWELL & CO,, 
 Wholesale Grocers 
 
 —AND — ' 
 
 IMPORTERS, 
 
 233 to 239 State Street, 
 
 NEW HAVEN, - CONNECTICUT. 
 
 CRESCENT MILLS. 
 
 JOHN P. AUGUR, 
 
 — WHOLESALE DEALER IX — 
 
 Teas, Coffees, 
 
 ^ AND SPICES, ^ 
 
 24-5 apd 24:7 Sbabe Sbreeb, 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 The Hem York Biseuit Company, 
 
 A. C. Blenner & Co., 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 NEW HMEN BISEUIT gOMPANY'S, 
 
 Ci?flGKEi?s.^^f flfiGY Biscuits, 
 
 118 to 126 STATE STREET, 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 CHOW-CHOW, 
 
 Lincolnshire Sauce', Catsup, Salad 
 
 Oils, Mustards, Vinegar, Horse 
 
 Radish, Sauer Kraut and Jellies. 
 
 LAUNDRY BLUE. 
 
 Packers of Lambs' Tongue, Pigs' Feet, 
 
 Tripe and Ox Mouth. 
 
 141 STATE STREET. NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 Julius Prokasky, \ betts & Rumm, 
 
 —DEALERS IN — 
 
 fiestaurant and Bq^^'ploaf. Grain, 
 
 72-78 CENTER STREET, 
 
 New Haven, Conn. 
 
 Feed, Hay and Straw, 
 Office, 2 WHITNEY AVENUE, 
 Warehouse. 437 EAST STREET. 
 
 EDWARD BOYHAN, I ABNER HENDEE, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 SUCCESSOR TO 
 
 poar, JVIeal, Jjay, Straui, Qats, 
 
 Ground Feed and SMp Stuffs. 
 Nos. 552 & 554 Grand Ave., 
 
 NEW HAVEN, 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 T). B. CRITTENDEN & CO., 
 
 Flour, -Grain, -Hay, 
 
 156 & 158 STATE Street, 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
AD VER TI SEMEN TS 
 
 P. J. Cronan, 
 
 MANl'FACTURER OF 
 
 G. J. MOFFATT, 
 
 PAPER BAi'aM imOPES, ^.^^^ ^^^ „e 
 
 Piiiitei- and Bookbinder. | PArhK '. DUXhb, 
 
 W 1io16S'\1g Dccilcr in I 
 
 Paper, Stationery, Notions, Etc. ' Corner Wall and Slale Slreels, 
 
 495, 497, 499 ,111(1501 STATE STKEET, N^^' haven, 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 CONN 
 
 A. Mansfield. 
 
 L. A. Mansfield. 
 
 De Forest & Holclitlss Co., 
 
 LUMBER MERCHANTS 
 
 115 Water Street, 
 
 (^('or. BreAvery,) 
 
 NEW HAYEN, , . , CONN, 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1847. 
 
 Austin Maiisiielfl & Sod, 
 LUiMBERlCOAL 
 
 505 GEA^'D AVENUE, 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 c. A. McCaffrey, 
 COAL. 
 
 OFFICE AND YARD 
 
 65 Mill Street, 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN 
 
 Telephone C'oninmnication. 
 
 Williams & Peters, 
 
 I Broadway, N. Y. 
 
 W. S. Wells, 
 New Haven. 
 
 WILLIAMS, WELLS & CO,, 
 
 Wholesale Dealers and Shippers of 
 All kinds of Antliracite and Bi- 
 tuminous 
 
 O O A L_S, 
 
 Shiiimeiits iiiaili- "All Rail" diivrl Iroui Mines aiul fo; 
 delivery to all iK.iMis on 
 
 LONG ISLAND SOUxMD. 
 
 No. 36 MEADOW ST., 
 
 (Opposite Union Pass. Depot,) 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 David H. Clark, 
 
 BUILDER AND CONTRACTOR, 
 
 Office and Factory, 
 
 Nos, 166 and 168 Brewery Street, 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 Cabinet and Hardwood 
 Work a Specialty. 
 
 — Teleplione Conneetloii. — 
 
 S. .1. HOGGSON, Pres. GEO. C. PETTIS, Tre.<»s. 
 
 WM. J. I10G(iS()N. Sec. 
 
 The Hoggson & Pettis Mfg. Co., 
 
 :M.'VNrFAGTrRERS OK 
 
 STEELl RUBBER STAMPS 
 
 ROLL-ENGRAVING, HEEL MOULDS 
 AND RUBBER MF'RS SUPPLIES. 
 
 Also manufacturers of " The Sweetland Chuck," Lathe 
 Chucks for siiecial work, Tvpe-writer^ Special Machin- 
 ery, Dies, Tools, etc.. Cut(in<r Die^ for Rubber, Cloth, 
 Paper, etc. 
 
 64 to 70 Court St., 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN., V. S. A. 
 
 (,E.Uublishe,l 1h4'.i.f 
 
AD VER TISEMENTS 
 
 ESTABLISHED l>5h. 
 
 THE EDGE! OOD CO., Thomson &c:o., 
 
 AT TTo ^T^ Pnnn ^'^^ ^^^ ^\i^^U PFOOf SafeS, 
 
 JN GTV Jl1.3;VGI1^ V-'Olill. Chronometer and Combination Locks in great 
 
 variety. Steel Vault Linings and Doors for 
 
 BRASS FOUNDERS, WORKERS ^^^^$^^^^;^^^ 
 
 A ¥ri T^m^TQUrD^ Drawers, all at Manufacturers' Prices. 
 
 nilU niiriiUOnLilOi Secoud-Hana Safes at very liOW 
 
 j Prices. 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT SLIDING Repairin,, in all j/^ «J-' I^^ '^„ ^...^^^ 
 
 POLES A SPECIALTY. ^^^^ HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 JOHN S.F.PENriELD& SON, 
 
 —MANUFACTURERS OF- 
 
 Louse. 
 
 dick;ehma]si 
 ^ KLORIST^ 
 
 . Y^ CHAPEL STREET, 
 
 J*iO\A76f X^OLS Opposite New Haven Opera He 
 
 \ ' FOR 
 
 Cut Flowers of the Choicest and Freshest 
 
 StOVeTubeS, Seed Pans, etc.. Varieties. Aiso Floral Designs of every 
 
 ' ' ' Description at very Lowest Prices possible. 
 
 RIVER STREET, foot of Blatchlhv Ave. Hoses a Specialty. 
 
 FRIEND E. BROOKS, ' HENRY G. SIMON, 
 
 Maker of 
 
 Hats, iFunks and \m, ^''*'"*'^ ^".L"'*"""^' 
 
 i Interior Decorations, 
 
 795 Chapel Street, 1078 CHAPEL ST., 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 Ne^v Heivei;, Coi^i;. DESIGN'S AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED. 
 
 HE^nv HiLii^WiAN, HAUFF BROS., 
 
 AVlinlesale and Retail Dealer an.l Man.it 
 
 .•TLREi;s OK 
 
 CHOICE GONFECTIOSEKY. ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^ 
 
 AM)- 
 
 STEAM ICE CREAM, Church and Chapel Sts., 
 
 1082 and 1084 Chapel Street. new haven, conn, 
 
A D VER T I SEMEN TS 
 
 Joseph Kreutler. Sam Kreutler. 
 
 PERRV'S 
 
 The White House Carpet Warerooms, 
 
 -IMPORTERS OF— 
 
 FlNE-J^miliLiUNlEt^V, 
 
 wholesale and retail. 
 825-827 Grand Ave., New Haven, Conn. 
 
 A Safe and Reliable Place io Buy. 
 -<\-\. B. PEIRRV^ 
 
 aiA CHAPEL. STREET. 
 
 JAMES W. BRINE, 
 
 dealer in 
 
 men's Furnishing 
 
 AND 
 
 Sporting Goods, 
 
 m\-\m CHAPEL STREET. .\EW HAVEN, COM 
 
 THE BAUMANN RUBBER CO., 
 
 Manufacturers ol 
 
 ID Rnlilier 
 
 And all kinds of 
 
 DRUGGISTS' SUNDRIES, 
 Cor. Congress Ave and Dt^fi^ett Street, 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 New York Office: 51 LEONARD ST. 
 
 1838. 1885. 1891. 
 
 THE NEW HAVEN CARRIA&E 
 and WA&ON CO,, 
 
 5 to 19 Franklin a 10!) (0 121 River St. 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 A History and Reputation Unparal- 
 leled. Latest and most Artistic De- 
 signs. Broughams, Victorias, 
 Cabriolets, Rockaways, Fan- 
 cy Driving Traps, Light 
 Carriages. 
 A CALL. COSTS NOTHING. 
 
 LEE J. AUBRY, 
 
 BUILDER OF FLl CARRIAGES, 
 
 Ironed in the White for the Trade, 
 
 Of all the leading styles of light and 
 heavy work. 
 
 ALL gTYLEg OF PLATFORM gBAR IRONS 
 TO ORDER. 
 
 139 Park Street, 
 
 New Haven, Conn. 
 
 FRED. R. BETTS, 
 
 —DEALER IN— 
 
 FLOUR, GRAIN AND FEED, 
 
 HAY AND STRAW, 
 
 Grain Warehouse, 437 EAST STREET, 
 
 Hay Warehouse, 115 RAILROAD AVE. 
 Office, 533 GRAND AVENUE. 
 
 Telephone No. 23-2. 
 
 Tbe E. B. Sheldoi; Co., 
 
 ELECTROTYPERS 
 
 BOOK-PRINTERS, AND 
 ENGRAVERS, 
 
 101403-105 Meadow R, New Hiven, Konn 
 
AD VER TISEMENTS 
 
 ««S STflt^Ifl'S ^1^ 
 
 pw P!EN JMNSPORIAIION I II 
 
 ■ iiaiiaiiai 
 
 E S "T A B L I S H K D 18 7 4.. 
 
 JNO. H. STARIN, Proprietor. 
 
 I JOHN H. STfll^iN, 
 
 Steoiners j "^- ^- ^^.f^^°^' 
 
 i ERRSTUS CORNING. 
 
 DAILY, SATURDAY EXCEPTED, 
 
 Between New York and New Haven. Leaving New York 
 from Pier i8, foot of Cortlandt Street, at 9 o'clock, P. M., 
 connecting at New Haven with all early morning trains. 
 Leaving New Haven from Pier on Water Street, foot of 
 Brown, at 10. i^ o'clock, P. M., connecting at New York with 
 all railroads and steamship lines. 
 
 FARE, WITH BERTH, yjc. 
 
 EXCURSION, $i.2j. 
 
 STATE ROOM, $i.oo. 
 
 Freight billed throngh to Philadelphia, Baltimore, Wash- 
 ington, and all points West and South-West, at New York 
 Rates. Also all Southern points reached by steamer and rail 
 from N. Y. Consignments solicited. 
 
 W. C. EGERTON, Gen. Agent. W. B. MILLER, Agent. 
 
A D VER TI SEMEN TS 
 
 New Haven Electric Co., 
 
 215 GEORGE STREET. 
 
 Thanks to the progressive sj.iril of :» few resolute ami iiiHueiitial citizens New Haven was one of the first cities 
 to aiioj>t the eleitrie liirlit. ami in issl the i)resent New Haven Klectric Co. was organized and began fiiriiishinc 
 lipht and power. At present the faiilities of tin- roiiipaiiy emtirace ensinei of 1,400 horse-power cap.acity, and they 
 are supplying 70() are li^rlits and ahoiit S,(M)0 imadeM-ent lij;hts daily, also yoO motors. They have about 250 miles oV 
 wfre extended ttironuhout the city, and are prepared to furnish all the li^ht or power that may be demanded, addi- 
 tions l>ein;r made to their plant and facilities as occasion may ret^uire. This company supplies the electricity at 
 loss cost than that of fuel, and it is a mere matter of time when electric motors will entirely supersede tlie use of 
 all other agents for driving small machinery. New Haven enjoys all the facilities for being the best lighted city 
 in America, through the opportunities afforded by the New Haven Electric Co. The executive ofticers of the 
 company are F. A. (iilliert. President ; James English, Secretary and Treasurer: and E. K. Parker, Super- 
 intendent. Thus it will lie seen the nianagetnent is in the hands of gentlemen of intlueiice and character, whose 
 interesi in the industrial and conuiiercial welfare and advancement of New Haven is of the greatest order. 
 
 THE CELLULOID STARCH CO., 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF CELLULOID STARCH, 
 
 WORKS ON PROUT STREET. 
 
 The Celluloid Starch Co., of which Read and Miner are Proprietors, was inaugurated 
 ill April, 1886, for the purpose of manufacturing a newly invented laundry starch, which 
 since become widely known all over the country as CVIlul.iid St.arch. This starch 
 sesses many advantages over most other makes of lauudry starch. It requires no 
 kirit;, is easy to use, economical in its use, and iniiiart- an cUirant polish to the goods. 
 It is .lesiirned chietly for tine laundry work, and lias no .iiual for collars and cufts, 
 givini; a smooth, elastic finish impossible to be obtained by tlie use of any others. It 
 is everywhere recognized to be the finest laundry starch in the market, and the demand 
 for it is rapidly increasing as its merits become known. 
 
 This starch is made from the very finest materials in the market, and one pound of 
 Celluloid Starch will do as much work and with greater ease and satisfaction than 
 double the quantity of any other starch. 
 
 STARCH 
 
 ~~5.'3r£?S*^ 
 
 QUINNIPIAC 
 Ferry, River and 
 
 BREWING CO., 
 East Pearl Streets. 
 
 The Quinnipiac Brewing Co. was incorporated in September, 1885, though the busi- 
 ness was established some years previously, and the plant is one of the most complete in 
 Connecticut. The buildings are constructed of brick, and comprise the main brewery, a 
 four-story structure, and other necessary buildings. The equipment is of the latest im- 
 proved character, and embraces all the most modern appliances for the perfection of the 
 product, and is altogether a model establishment. The capacity of the brewery is about 
 50,000 barrels annually. The company produce ale, porter and lager beer, and the repu- 
 tation of the concern for first-class products is an enviable one. The best materials to be 
 obtained are used, and as a result a perfectly pure and healthful beverage is produced, 
 which is much sought after by the trade and consumers. The officers of the company are : 
 President, William Northwood, Secretary, William Spittler, and Treasurer, N. W. Ken- 
 dall. The Quinnipiac Brewery is one of the rising enterprises of New Haven. 
 
 AIVIKRICAN CORSKTT WORKS, 
 
 LEWIS SOHIEIL-E: Sc CO., 
 aa, 34 and 36 Franklin St. New York Office, 498 and 500 Broadway. 
 
 One of the most successful and prominent corset manufacturing firms in 
 this country is that of Lewis Schiele & Co., which was founded in New York 
 in 1856, where the headquarters of the firm still are ; the New Haven factory, 
 which is known as the American Corset Works, having been instituted in 
 1877. The products of the Factory consist of a superior grade of corsets, 
 which are recognized throughout the trade as the perfection of quality, style, 
 design, and workmanship, and which have all the desirable and easy wearing 
 and fitting qualities of the finest French corsets, and they are sold in all 
 parts of the United States by all first-class dry goods and fancy goods dealers. 
 The individual 'members of the firm are Lewis Schiele and Seligman Gut- 
 man, both residents of New York City. 
 
A D I ^EK TISEME.\ ' 7\V 
 
 C. A. MORSE, President. 
 
 W. H. Goodrich, Sec. and Treas. 
 
 The Metropolis Mt'G Co., 
 
 Main Office and Factory : 
 
 25 Elm Street, New Haven, Conn. 
 
 r^r^ . ^T^TTr-r. ( PROVIDENCE, R. I. MERIDEN CT. 
 
 RRANCHFS Bridgeport, ct. new london, ct. 
 
 jji\r\i^v^iii^^ / WATERBURY, CT. SO. NORWALK, CT. 
 
 «Iolin Bromley & Sons' Rngs at Wholesale, and a full line of House- 
 liold Necessities. Agents' Headquarters for tlie £ast. 
 
 flEW •/ HfiVEfl .-. STEilfflBOflT •; GO. 
 
 Tlie Steamers of tliis Company, 
 
 RICHARD PECK 
 
 (New steel twin screw, ready about August i, 1892), 
 
 C. H. NORTHAM, CONTINENTAL and ELM CITY, 
 
 HuDning betmeen Hem Haven and Hem York, 
 
 Leave as follows : 
 
 New Haven Belle Dock, 10.15 A. M. and 13 P. M. vSundays, 
 
 10.30 P. M., Julv and Auo^ust 10. i^ A. M. 
 
 New York Peck Slip, Pier 35 E. R., 3 P. M. and 11 P. M. 
 
 Saturdays, 13 P. M. and Sundays, July and August 13 P. M. 
 
 KARE T5 CENTS. 
 
 KXCURSION, good for 6 days, Si, 25. 
 
 COMiVIUXATION BOOKS, 20 trips, S12.00. 
 
 STATE ROOIVIS, $ 1 .GO, $2. GO and $3. GO each. 
 
 Horse Cars in New Haven to and from Steamers' "\Vliarf. Meals 
 
 served on Board. 
 
 . .■ RICHARD PECK, Superintendent. 
 
 T H K 
 
 CRYSTAL ICE CO., 
 
 Office : 
 
 US) CHAPEL STREET. 
 
 I,. MEA1». Siipt. and Tre.is. 
 
 Telephone Connection. 
 
 Residence, 152 DERBY AVE. 
 
 SMEDLEY BROS. & CO., 
 
 Transfer Agents and Forwarders, 
 
 La.zrst E.tablisl.u.fut ..f its kind in New Eniclan.]. 
 
 -storage:.- 
 
 Public Storage Warehouse for Furniture, Pianos, Car- 
 riases and General Merchandise. 
 
 United States Bonded Warehouse for Storage of Mer- 
 chandise while in bond at Lowest Rates. 
 
 Special Trucks for moving Boilers, Machinerj-, Sttine 
 and Safes, etc. 
 
 Padded Vans for Moving Furniture, Pictures and 
 Pianos. HORSES. WAGONS AND HARNESS. 
 
 OFFICE, 313 STATE STREET, 
 
 STOKAr.E WAREHorSE, 
 
 77/ BREWERY STREET, 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
A D VER T I SEMEN TS 
 
 J, 
 
 IMunufacturer of 
 
 Soda and Mineral Waters, 
 
 !<arsa[)arill;i. UiDgor Ale. Root and Birch Beer, 
 Also Bottlfi- of Fine Mount 
 . Cariiiel Cider. 
 
 — : Bottling Works :-^ 
 
 745 DIXWELL AVENUE, 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 All Orders for Picnics, Balls, &c., will 
 receive prompt attention. 
 
 Frank Rupple, 
 
 Bottler of the Celebrated 
 
 LoxG Island Bhewery Extra L\(;kr 
 
 (Of Brooklyn), 
 
 2()i WATER STREliT, 
 New Haven, . Conn. 
 
 Orders will receive prompt attention, 
 and delivered to anj' part of the city. 
 
 CHAS. R BASTIAN, 
 
 Choice Beef, Pork, Mutton, Hams, 
 
 Poultry, Sausages, A:c., 
 
 Fi-esli and Salt Flsli, 
 
 Oysters and Clams, 
 
 Vegetables. 
 
 763 State St„ New HaTeii, Coim, 
 
 ESTABLISHED 18.51. 
 
 S. E. Merwin & Son, 
 PORK PACKERS, 
 
 Curers of the " Elm City " brand 
 Hams, Bacon, Shoulders. 
 
 354 STATE STREET, 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 THH THE 
 
 JoufiUflii ^ PuBiiisHmG ^ Co. \ (Dei^ideh I DfllliV I JOURNflli 
 
 31EKIDEN, CONN. MERIDEN, CONN. 
 
 BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS, 
 
 BOOK Binders, 
 
 ELECTROTYPERS, 
 STEREOTYPERS, 
 
 AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 Le.ather Cases, 
 Portfolios, and 
 Specially Ruled and 
 Printed account Books 
 
 THE ONLY 
 
 [ANUFACTURERS IN THE 
 STATE OF 
 
 Silk Badges, Stamped in 
 Gold, Silver or ink, for 
 Clubs, Societies, Reunions, 
 and Conventions. 
 
 the best advertising 
 medium in the state 
 of connecticut . . . 
 
 it has four times the 
 circulation and 
 prints double the 
 news of any paper 
 covering the center 
 of the state 
 
 Send for Rate Cards and Sample Copies. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 ^\)<z, • Jourr)^! • ^ublisl)ir)^ • \Lo. 
 MERIDEN, CONN. 
 
A OVER TISEMEKTS 
 
 KVSNPC{S IN THE LEAD ! ! ! 
 
 THE CONNECTICUT CLOTHING COMPANY, 
 c. c. c. 
 
 8 1 3, 815 AND 817 CHAPEL STREET, 
 'Manufacturers and Retailers 
 
 MEN'S, . BOY'S, . and . CHILDREN'S 
 RELIABLE . CLOTHING. 
 
 Our Motto : 
 " Popular Goods at Popular Prices." 
 
 HENDRYX 
 
 Manufactures Brass, Bronze, Steel, 
 and Japanned Bird and Animal Cages, 
 Silver, Brass, Nickel Plated and Rub- 
 ber Fishing Reels, Brass, Bronze, 
 Steel and Iron Jack and Safety Chain, 
 Gold, Gilt and Tinned Wire Picture 
 Cord and Cage Specialties. Ask your 
 local inercliant for "THE HENDRYX" 
 ivarranted goods. Catalogue free. 
 
 THE ANDREW B. HENDRYX CO., 
 
 New Haven. Conn.. U. S. A. 
 

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 V^t/ 2-/ ■ /-^y 2- 
 
University of 
 Connecticut 
 
 Libraries 
 
 39153024819197