hbl.stx HC 107.C82F33 1887 Leading business men of Fairfield 3 T153 00mA32D GAY LORD «G » » » » "»■»«» » » » Please handle this volume with care. The University of Connecticut Libraries, Storrs v_ LEADING Business Men OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY; AND A HISTORICAL REYIEW OF THE PRINCIPAL CITIES. ILLUSTRATED. BOSTON: Copyright, 1887, by MERCANTILE PUBLISHING COMPANY, No. 146 Fra nk lin Street. 1887. PREFACE. " Peace hath her victories no less renowned than war" sang the poet centuries ago, and it has told to the inestimable good of mankind that the world has been coming to realize this truth more and more. In this historical and statistical review of the commercial and manufacturing interests of Fairfield County, it has been our purpose in as thorough a manner as was possible to justly describe those enterprises which have contributed so largely during the last half century to the material advancement of the city. History plainly shows that many lai'ge cities have owed their prosperity and growth chiefly to advantages of situation, great influx of for- eign peoples, and similar causes. Of Bridgeport and the other towns in this section it is preeminently true that the genius and efforts of her own people, by the single process of internal development, have brought about the great measure of success which has rendered her name famous throughout the land. This fact, that the his- tory of these towns has practically been made almost entirely by her business men, lends peculiar significance to the close juxtaposition in which the account of her general and business interests are here placed. The same influences and results which are so strikingly characteristic of Bridgeport itself, will also be found to a marked degree^in the historical and business accounts of the other enterprising cities and towns of Fairfield County. If, in the compilation of so large an amount of statistical matter, any misstatement of dates or fact should have escaped our notice, we would merely ask the charitable criticism of our readers. To all who have con- tributed to the success of the work by aid in research, furnishing of historical mate- rial, or by financial support, we would desire to again extend our grateful and appreciative thanks. MERCANTILE PUBLISHING CO. INDEX. ARCHITECTS. PAGE Foster Bros, (and Builders) 177 Worsam, W. H 117 BANKS AND BANKERS. €entral National Bank of Norwalk 139 Citizens Savings Bank 160 Danbury National Bank 177 Fairfield Co. National Bank 136 First National Bank (So. Norwalk) 149 Gage, S. H. & Co 73 Gage & Bauks 185 National Pabquioque Bank 176 National Bank of Norwalk % 135 People's Savings Bank of Bridgeport 124 Staples, James & Co 70 Stamford Savings Bank 159 Stamford National Bank 167 Stamford Safe Deposit Co 162 Terry Dvvigbt H. (Investment Securities). . . 72 Watson T. L. & Co 74 BOOTS AND SHOES. Ayers, Henry N 130 Bennett, C. H 73 Byrne, C. J 106 Cart wright, Cbas 69 Howland, John G 97 Holbrook & Taylor 180 Ruscoe, Frank H 138 Buscoe, Camp & Co 137 West End Shoe Store (Geo. H. White) 116 BREWERS, BOTTLERS AND WHOLE- SALE LIQUOR DEALERS. Bridgeport Bottling Co. (Robrback & Boyle). 75 Bennett, F. C 92 Hartmann, C. H 77 Kellermeyer, H 120 O'Rourke, Patrick 93 .Sailer, F. & Son 105 Wintter A. & Co 81 RAKERS AND CONFECTIONERS. Barber. T. M 87 Frye, Mrs. A. B 126 Huber, J 98 New England Steam Cracker Bakery 69 Russell, C. & Co 125 Wallace, A. W 69 Wallace, M. M 114 CARPENTERS AND BUILDERS. PAGE Davies J. C 87 Foster Bros 177 Hoyt, Geo. D 165 Purdy, H. M 79 Raymond, J. R 151 Rutherford, John 90 Robertson, J. N 178 Savage & Smith Building Co 90 Young, Louis K 127 CARRIAGE MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS. Boylston & Phillips 92 Bradley, Hawley 177 Day, J. L 186 Gunderman, Wm. H 77 Hall, C. W 117 Nichols, Peck & Co 129 Phoenix Company (J. B. Reed, agent) 167 Weed, H. B 183 CIGARS AND TORACCO. Hoyt & Olmstead Cigar Co 140 Old Well Cigar Co 151 CORSET MANUFACTURERS. Bridgeport Corset Co. (I. W. Birdseye) 72 Lyon, H. W 88 Warner Bros 93 CONCRETE, DRAIN PIPE, ETC. Cole & Hinckley 94 Doolittle, E. T 70 Pierce Manufacturing Co 125 Raymond Bros 148 DRY AND FANCY GOODS AND MILLINERY. Allen, Smith & Co 167 Copeland Bros. Co. The 69 Frve, Mrs. A. B 126 Gaylor, L. B. & Co 168 Hall, W. B. & Co 65 Holly, E. S 163 Kreiger, H 148 Leverty, Mrs K 122 Mclntyre, Wm. H 88 Miller, CO 158 Quinn & Scott 177 Wooster, J. S. & Co 110 INDEX. DENTISTS. PAGE Boutwell, C. F 149 Cairoli, J. S 68 Curtis, A. N 99 Ferris, W. L 116 Hyatt, F. T 139 Warnes, E. S 106 Wkaley, J. C 186 DRUGGISTS. Bunnell, H. W 104 Curtis, L. F 75 Curtis & Teeple 118 Gates, F. Gr 114 Hall, M. W Ill Hawley, Wm. H 185 Hoyt, I. M 147 Hamilton, G. C 102 Hair, J. E. (also Veterinary Surgeon) 84 Isbell & Shannon 122 Kane, C. A. & Co 88 Lewis, Wilbur E 160 Lawrence, J. K. & Co 168 Lutz, Joseph H 97 Reed & Co 182 Randall. F. D 113 Smith, H. D 181 Stevens, F. S. & Co 121 Toucey, Edward 105 FURNITURE, CARPETS, ETC. Austin, F. T 184 Buckingham, K & Co 89 Cram, E. J 102 Ferguson & Peet 107 Hoyt, Lyman & Son 165 Hubbell & Curtis 82 Lieberum Bros 98 McCord, Cbas. W. (Carpets, etc) 67 Portelange, V 118 Raymond, G. H 136 Stirling, Hugh (Mattresses) 66 Wentworth, Watson L 127 FLOUR, FEED, HAT, STRAW, ETC. Addis, H. A. & Son i 182 Hubbell, Chas. E 80 Ingersoll, S. C 162 Meeker & Dowd 104 Raymond Bros 148 Richardson, G. F 181 Wilcox, C. H 179 Winton, A. L 86 GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS. (Retail.) Addis, H. A. & Son 182 Ayer, A 117 Bommos & Biltz 83 Belknap, E. S 73 Banks, W. H 103 Banks, E.J... 77 Bradley, C. H 123 Bray, C. A 116 Cleveland, Geo. E 102 Cartier, Robt Ill Coe & White (also wholesale) 100 Cornwell, W. S 120 Dorus, Jas. H 104 Driscoll, John 119 Devitt Bros 129 GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS. Retail.) Continued. PAGE DeWolf, H. H US Dieringer, W 127 Evers, W. H 119 Finney & Benedict 138 Feeley, M. T 96 Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Co. (T. Green- ing) 109 Hurd, E. H 110 Hitchcock. F. I. (N. Y. Butter House) 73 Held, Louis 122 Havward, H 129 Heller, M. (N. Y. Tea Co.) 137 Hulton Bros 123 Lill, B 109 Lee & Ketcham 112 Linehan Bros 86 Lupton, C. S 116 Letterhaus, H 99 Nichols, C. A 105 Nichols, Robt. A 108 Nichols, Harry 122 O'Donnell. Daniel 94 Paddock, E. G 114 Peard, A. W. & Co 115 Plalzgraf, R 113 Porter, J. E 112 Phalen, J. S 108 Reid, Alexander 100 Reitter, Henry 96 Reitter, P.J 106 Raymond, S. F 122 Smith & Havens 114 Stein, Conrad F Ill Schleichert, John 105 Setzer, Henry, Jr 100 Schreyer, Geo. V 94 Stegeman & Whetstine 71 Veit, Robt. J 97 Vaill, L. B 108 Whiting, R. T 69 Wolfram, W. L 8G Wolfram & Co, 98 Weldon, E 95 Wills, W. E 113 Woodhull, Henry Ill Weed, A. G 158 Youngs, C. A 109 GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS. (Wholesale.) Birdsey, Geo. K • 67 Bridgeport Beef Co 7S Bartram, F. A. & Co 8S Rogers & Morf ord 72 Wolfram, W. L 80 HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS, STOVES,. RANGES, ETC. Austin, F. T 184 Brady, J. F 96 Coester Bros 93 Cram, E. J 102 Curtis, F. J. & Co 136 Curtis Bros 115 Hopkins, L. M US Jaqui, F. W., Jr 13S Leavenworth, Theo 115 Stamford China Store (Ayers Bros.) 16S Stark & Wilson 160 INDEX. HOTELS, RESTAURANTS, ETC. PAGE Chatfield House 95 Franklin House 168 Golden Hill Hotel 118 Mill's Pavilion 85 Merwin House 130 Sea View Hotel 98 Sterling Restaurant (Jesse Sands) 124 Turner House 179 Union House 164 Wooster House 186 Washington Park Hotel 120 HARNESS, TRUNKS, ETC. Atkinson, John S 85 Dwyer, P. H 141 Day, J. L 186 Faucett, G. R 165 Peckwell, J. F 140 Reed, H. E 185 White, J. S. & Son 120 HAT MANUFACTURERS, ETC. Asch, Joseph J. (Hatters' Fur) 148 Bates, Martin, Jr., & Co. (Hatters' Fur) 151 Crofut & Knapp 145 Duncan. A. L 148 Dennis & Blanchard 145 Hubbell & Barthol 144 Hayes & Co 147 McEwen, Wm. K 149 Smart, Patterson & Rice (Straw Goods) 166 South Norwalk Hat Co 151 Volk Hat Co 146 INSURANCE. Bigelow & Stevens 176 Co-operative Life and Accident Association (G. W. Lewis, Manager) 87 Clark, D. II 159 Fairchild, A. B 117 Goodsell, McNeil & Co 101 Green, Wilson F. (Jolin Hancock) 99 Hubbard, H. A 158 Johnson, J. W 90 Jones, D. W 107 Layton, Jacob M 146 Loewith, S. & Co 71 Norwalk Fire Insurance Co 139 Noble, John F 101 Rider, Chas 183 Soribner, Jas. H 67 Scribner, H. H 112 Whittlesey, R. E 101 Wilson, O. E 135 Wilcox, Walter L 150 JEWELRY AND OPTICIANS. Edmonds, Geo. B. (Optician) 107 Jackson, LeGrand 137 Robinson, II. M 183 Reid, John H. & Co 102 Vanderwerken, E 169 LUMBER. Beers, David 182 Bates, Joseph T. & Co 178 Osborn Bros 184 St. John, Hoyt & Co 157 White, Gillespie & Thayer 161 LIVERY STABLES. PAGE Bradley, Hawley 177 Carstesen, Henry 89 Cook, Geo. F 97 Edwards, Edwin & Son 86 Gregory, Geo. S 136 Gregory, S. W 147 McNally, John 163 Northrop, G. A 114 Raymond, H. W 103- Robinson, H. H 81 Seeley, S. M. & L. M. (Bridgeport Cab Co.). 85 Standard Cab Co. (F. H. Vann & Co.) 74 Wakelee, S. L 126 Wood, E. S 94 MANUFACTURERS. Buckmaster,Geo. & Co. (Bronze Hardware.) 149 Belding, The R. A. Co. (Hat Machines) 181 Burns, Silver & Co. (Cabinet Hardware, etc) 81 Bostwick, W. B. & Co. (Buttons) 83 Bridgeport Paper Box Co 112 Bridgeport Patent Leather Co 89 Crockett, David B Co. (Preservative and Spar Composition) 66 DeOxidized Metal Co 79 Duncan Iron Railing Works (W. W. Hoyt).. 147 Knapp, E. F. (Hat and Hardware Cases). . . 150 Fox, Chas. (Engines) 162 Haulenbeck, Giles (Cigar Boxes) 150 Hutchinson, Pierce & Co. (Star Shirts and Shirt Waists) 78 Hutchinson, Cole & Co. (Star Shirts and Shirt Waists) 139 Ingersoll Manufacturing Co. (Manufacturers of Rock Drills) 164 Krouse, A. & Bros. (Engravers, Die Sinkers, etc.) 68 Klein, M. & Bros. (Novelties) 99 Mosher & Curran (Hat Blocks, Nails, Tools, etc.) 145 Norwalk Iron Works 144 New Howe Sewing Machine Co 84 Russell, Chas. B. (Nails and Tacks) 77 Stamford Moulding and Planing Mill 161 St. John Wood Working Co 157 Stamford Hosiery and Suspender Co 166 Stamford Foundry Co 158 Trowbridge, C. S. (Paper Boxes) 140 Wheel and Wood Bending Co 89 White Manufacturing Co. (Carriage Hard- ware) 119 Wheeler, W. A. (Hatters' Tools) 145 Yale & Towne Manufacturing Co. (Locks, etc.) 163 MISCELLANEOUS. Ayres Bros. (Stamford China Store) 168 Bennett & Healy (Horse Shoers) 116 Cosier, D. S. (Undertaker) 178 Cavanagh, J. W. (Marble and Granite) 148 Drueke, F. (Hair Goods) 126 Danbury, Historical Sketch of 170 Ellis & Reilly (Marble Works) 78 Goodyear Rubber Store (F. C. Tuttle) 75 Gledbill, S. W. (Cotton and Woolen Rags). . 128 Hull & Palmer (Civil Engineers) 76 Howes, J. E. (Paper, Paper Bags and Twines) 72~ Hercher, Paul (Artist) 109- 10 INDEX. MISCELLANEOUS — Continued. PAGE Norwalk, Historical Sketch of 131 Pembroke Custom Laundry (O. E. Lindsley) 68 Rogers' Farm Dairy 128 Robinson, H. H. (Furniture Moving) 81 Stamford, Historical Sketch of. . . ., 152 South Norwalk, Historical Sketch of 142 -Stevens, George R. (Artists' Materials) 180 Smith & Hubbard (Attorneys and Patent Solicitors) 90 West End Floral Gardens 110 "Wilson, F. L. (Pictures, Picture Frames, etc.) 185 Wilkinson, J. (Bicycles) 92 PATTERN MAHLER. O. S. Piatt 126 PRINTERS, STATIONERS AND NEWS- DEALERS. Alphonse, J. W 162 Bodine, A. S. (Printer) 123 Bradsbaw, James, Jr 104 Gillespie Bros. (Printers and Bookbinders). . 165 ■ Osborn, Stephen 123 Plumb & Beardsley 112 Seltsam, Geo. (Printer) 103 PHOTOGRAPHERS. Bronson, C. R 106 Blackman, C. A 138 Couch, H. E 185 Folsom, J. H 179 Farini, L 100 Montiguani, F. M 79 PAINTERS, PAPER HANGERS, ETC. Coughlin Bros 101 Peterson, J. M. F. & Co 82 Toms, C. R 161 PIANOS AND ORGANS AND SHEET MUSIC. Behning & Son 124 Christie, J. H. (Temple of Music) 166 Copp, H. M. (Agent forB. Shoninger & Co.) 74 Horr, W. H 80 Hoyt, W. 180 Keller Piano Co. The 76 iSeiler, S 108 PIANOS AND ORGANS AND SHEET MUSIC— Continued. PAGE Studwell, J. W. (Agent for B. Shoninger & Co.) 146 Taylor, A. H. (Manager Loomis' Temple of Music 82 PLUMRERS AND GAS FITTERS. Benjamin & Ames 71 Cornwell, Timothy 110 Fox. Theodore 102 Kearns, John 126 Mills, L. H 87 REAL ESTATE. Allen, F. C 129 Bostwick, W. B 128 Cosier, John H 184 Clark, D. H 159 Hubbard, H. A 158 Jones, D. W 107 Johnson, J. W 90 Loewith, S. & Co 71 Nichols, Walter 100 Noble, John F 101 Quien, Christian 183 Scribner, Jas. H 67 Scribner, H. H 112 Staples, James & Co 70 Wilson, O. E 135 TAILORS AND CLOTHIERS. Adams, S 168 Barnaby, J. B. & Co 83 Comstock Bros 137 Cohen, Morris 140 Gusowski, E 140 Hurlburt, W. P. & Son 159 Hartwell, F. E. & Co 178 Hutchinson, Oscar 107 Harlem, J. L 108 Hansen, J 104 National Clothing Co. The 78 Peterson, C 103 Park City Clothing Co 70 Waterbury & McDonald 167 Werner Bros 184 TOYS AND FANCY" GOODS. Boylston & Phillips 92 Hunt, F. S. & Co 106 Mclntyre, Wm. H 88 Van Yorx, Mrs. W. T 113 HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE City of Bridgeport INTRODUCTION. Macaulay has well said that " the circumstances which have most influence on the happiness of mankind, the changes of manners and morals, the transition of commu- nities from poverty to wealth, from knowledge to ignorance, from ferocity to humanity — these are, for the most part, noiseless revolutions." Few more striking illustrations of this universal truth could be found than that afforded by a review and analysis of the wonderful progress of Bridgeport during the more recent decades of the present century. The causes and influences which have contributed to advance the little hamlet with a population of less than three hundred in 1800, to the important position which it holds at present among the cities -of the State, are worthy of the most careful attention. To the thoughtful observer of the times, who recognizes the value of the past his- tory of this country in solving the troublesome problems which are now pressing themselves into prominence, as well as its significance in casting the horoscope of the future, the simple records of the internal growth of a representative New Eng- land city commend themselves and carry their own moral lessons. To all readers, whether bound to the city by the tender ties of birth, or those whose acquaintance with it hitherto has been unfortunately meagre, the story ot success, as is always the case, must render the history of Bridgeport of more than ordinary interest. That success which comes as the result of honest effort, inspired by high motives, has always possessed peculiar attraction for the American people, has spurred them to unceasing activity, and has contributed not a little through its influence in bring- ing this country to its present unequalled prosperity. A glance at the aggregate results of the century, such as is afforded in Andrew Carnegie's admirable work, " Triumphant Democracy," is of the highest value, proving, beyond cavil and with- out extravagance, that to-day, in resources the United States is the richest, in manu- factures the largest, and in morals the best nation in existence. Hardly less important, can it be deemed, to observe, in the miniature but no less perfect representation afforded by a historical review of Bridgeport, the same in- strumentalities, the same devoted public spirit, the same individual energy and self- sacrifice, all working harmoniously together to the same glorious end. 12 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. It may be questioned whether as a people we thoroughly recognize and appreciate the beneficent causes which have brought us the best of what we have and are. For this just estimate of the present, history furnishes the most accurate data. Cer- tainly, if we are to make progress and to continue in developing those blessings of our civilization, which, it goes without saying, are far from as perfected and univer- sal as might be the case, we can rest assured that the lessons of the past, as record- ed in history, must have an intrinsic worth which renders a full acquaintance with them not only of the highest importance but as truly an absolute essential. CHAPTER I. THE DAWNINGS OF HISTORY. The dark veil which enshrouds the primeval history of this continent, has con- signed that period in its existence prior to the advent of the white man chiefly to the realm of fancy and poetry. A few mounds, some interesting relics, and number- less traditions are all that remain to tell the story of its youth. Who were the original inhabitants ? of what origin? to what degree of civilization had they attained ? All such moot questions must be left to the interested archaeol- ogist to investigate and decide. Yet, from amid the mass of tangled traditions some facts of abiding interest and valuable for our present purpose may be derived. The main tribe, to which all the Indians in the district which is now Fairfield County were allied at the time of their introduction to the whites, were designated by the name of Paugausetts. They seem to have been settled here for centuries, but at the beginning of the Seventeenth were rapidly passing away. They were near of kin to the Quinnipiacs, of New Haven, whom they resembled much in general chai - acteristics. Like the latter, they had been sorely depleted by the deadly destruction in that struggle for " the survival of the fittest," which was continually disturbing the Indian tribes of Connecticut. Every second year, the Mohawks would sweep down upon them from the west, cutting a broad red furrow across the land. The Pequots toward the east were continually supplementing the attacks of the Mohawks by further depredations, so that between the two a rather scanty living, among none too pleasant or secure sur- roundings, was all that was left to this quiet, easy-going people. They drew their chief sustenance from the sea, as enormous heaps of oyster shells have abundantly testified. Too lazy, even, to appreciate the ordinary incentives to hunting, the Paugausetts seem to have looked upon it as a last sad resort, while agri- culture was almost too bitter to be thought of. The tribal union of all the small clans in the vicinity is clearly proven by the fact that they had a common place of refuge, in the shape of a fortified fort, on the east bank of the Ilousatonic River, a short distance above its junction with the Naugatuc. Hither they were all accustomed to flock, whenever sufficient warning was given of a powerful enemy's approach. There is no reason to suppose that their moral or civil condition differed essentially BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 13 from that of surrounding tribes. Whether originally a spirited race or not it would be hard to decide, but whatever had been their character, at this time all traces of a strong and vigorous nation had disappeared. The usual faults of " lying, unclean- ness, idleness and stealing," were theirs in abundance. They formed, however, the least troublesome of neighbors to the English settlers, and it was a most happy thing that the proverbial Indian cruelty and ferocity were lacking. This fact explains their insignificance in colonial history, their easy conquest by the Mohawks and Pequots, and in a great part, their continued and rapid decay under the comparatively kind treatment of the whites. It is a matter of common belief that the arrival of the whites was the only cause for the disappearance of the Indians from this region. Many as were the acts of injustice practiced against their race in all parts of the country, just as have been most of the sad complaints which they have made, nevertheless it has been proved by careful research that the Indians of Connecticut were a dying race. They were all of Algonquin descent, one of the three great divisions of the North American Indians, but were as deadly hostile to each other as the olden-time Greeks. The Pequots and Mohawks represented the younger branches of the common stock, and were constantly engaged in desultory warfare. The Paugausetts were an older tribe and were wasting away through their own degeneracy and the onslaughts of the stronger nations. In all, according to DeForest, the historian of the Indians of Connecticut, the whole number in the State at the time of the white settlement could not have exceeded six thousand. The Pequonacks, that part of the Paugausetts tribe which occupied the present position of Bridgeport, and from which the river obtained its name, has been proven by the valuable researches of Orcutt, the historian of this part of the State, to have numbered somewhat more than five hundred, thus constituting the largest and most powerful division of the parent tribe. There is little doubt, as the historian Orcutt has shown, that this tribe was rep- resented in the general council held by all the Indian tribes in the western part of the State with the settlers of Hartford in. March, 1638, at which the Indians made an amicable treaty with the English; but, in general, the influence of the tribe on the early history of the State was hardly appreciable. The earliest historical account which has been preserved directly bearing upon this locality relates to the time of the Pequot wars. This implacable tribe, after many cruel massacres of the whites, had been gradually driven back by the settlers from their old camping grounds in the east toward the western end of the State. In June 1637, the final expedition was made against this tribe, under the leadership of Lieu- tenant Davenport. Flying before their relentless pursuers, the last bleeding remnants of the Pequot tribe collected in a swamp on the outskirts of Bridgeport towards Fairfield. When the English had arrived and surrounded the swamp, word was sent to the Indians through an interpreter, that life would be granted to all who were not guilty of English blood, if they would come out peacefully. Of the three hundred Indians including women and children in the swamp, all now came out save about a hundred Pequot warriors, who, though by no means all guilty of English blood, resolved with almost heroic stoicism, to die rather than surrender. Now a battle of extermination, hardly equalled in the annals of the State, was begun. The musketry of the English played upon the little band of savages from 14 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. every direction and with deadly effect. A charge was made, but the Indians repell- ed it successfully. Evening came on before the battle was yet decided. In the midst of a fog which came on in the early part of the next morning, the Indians ven- tured to break through the English lines. In spite of the most desperate resistance about half of them succeeded in dashing through and escaped. Many of these were were immediately followed up and put to death. Others, among whom was their renowned chief Sassacus, at that time succeeded in getting away. But, within a few months, the scalps of Sassacus and all but a dozen or two of the fated tribe had been handed in at the English headquarters by their Indian allies. The swamp between Fairfield and Bridgeport, where the battle took place, was found thickly strewn with the bodies of the brave but ruthless savages. The Eng- lish also led back to the colony about a hundred and fifty Pequot women and children, as slaves. Thus the first scene after the curtain has been drawn away from this lo- cality by the advent of a civilized race, is a dark tragedy. Much as we regret the lack of mercy which distinguishes this, as most of the other Indian wars, the fact that the war was necessarily one of self-preservation explains, though it may not justify, the unrelenting punishment which the English visited upon the Pequot tribe, probably the fiercest of all their enemies before the time of King Philip. The report concerning this region, made by those who had gone on the expedi- tion against the Pequots, aroused the attention of the colonists and within two years time a considerable number of settlements had been made here. In 1839 this entire region was purchased from the English crown by a Mr. Fairfield, who came directly from England and was vested with the civil authority of the district. That part of the purchase now designated as Bridgeport was then entirely contained within the limits of the town of Stratford, named after the Lord Stratford, then in the zenith of his power at the English court. A few final references to the aboriginal inhabitants of Bridgeport may be perti- nent here. As the whites continued to settle in this region, the Indians became " small by degrees and beautifully less." .Many drifted off toward the west, and, although kindly treated, the internal disintegration and decay continued. In 1659, what were left of the " Indians of Pequonack " were given, as a special reservation, " Golden Hill," one of the loveliest spots in modern Bridgeport, and from this time they went by the name of the " Golden Hill Indians." Incidentally, it is surmised from the name that the early settlers expected to discover golden treasures in this particular hill, but like many other of their hopes, its realization never came. In 1710, about fifty years after receiving their reservation, the Golden Hill tribe had dwindled down to about twenty-five families. Another fifty years, and in 1765, only three women and four men remained on Golden Hill. A question now arose between the white settlers and the Indians, as to which had the better right to the hill. The Legislature decided in favor of the Indians, but being bought off by the whites for thirty bushels of corn and three pounds worth of blankets, they vacated the land and vanished from this region, as permanent residents, forever. The whites, however, did not proportionally increase. Soon after 1639, the set- tlement at Pequonnack came to be called Stratfield, but so slowly did it grow in numbers, that it was more than fifty years later before it possessed a church, always one of the first objects of the planters' longing and endeavors. BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 15» ■■■ ■ " ' ■ ' — " FAIRFIELD AVENUE, FROM PARK AVENUE, LOOKING WEST. The data concerning the first settlers of Bridgeport is very meagre. In the his- tory of Bridgeport, by the Rev. Samuel Orcutt, the historian quoted above, the- names of Henry Summers, Sr., and Samuel Gregory are given as the heads of the- first two families who settled in this region An ancient cut of a primitive log cabin, erected here about 1665, near the junction of the present Park and Washington avenues, has been preserved. At that time very little clearing away had been done r and no regular roads had been laid out. The records of Fairfield, in 1669, show the names of the following freemen, who- voted in that town, but resided within the limits of Stratfield: John Odell, James- Bennet, Matthew Sherwood, Richard Hubbell, James Wheeler, Thomas Morehouse,. Nathaniel Seeley, Thos. Bennet, Nathaniel Burr, Mr. John Burr, John Burr, John Cable, Sr., John Cable, Jr., Mr. Daniel Burr and Henry Rowland. It is not probable that these constituted all the settlers dwelling at Stratfield, as- some might not have been church members and so, necessarily, not voters, and a considerable number probably attended church at Stratford. These few names are all that now remain to show who laid the foundations of modern Bridgeport. It is highly creditable to these men, along with their compan- ions, whose names are now forgotten, that in spite of the smallness of their numbers, the colony was not abandoned, as was the case in many similar settlements in the State- Though compelled to battle alone against all the discouragements and hardships- of the early settler's life, they unfalteringly maintained the few simple homes they had carved out here from the " wilderness;" and thus, amid the dark and bitter years- from 1650 to 1690, the first stones of that structure which was destined to rise with such strength and beauty, were being laid. 16 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. CHAPTER II. OLD COLONY LIFE. The tinge of romance which colors many of the tales of the olden time in New England that have come down to us, sometimes tends to lessen in our minds the practical value of true accounts of the early colonial life. It is safe to say, that there is not an influential cause of the prosperity of our country during the Nine- teenth Century, which cannot be traced back to its remote beginnings in the first century of our national life. Beyond all other potent factors, the greatness of the present was being foreshadowed and assured in the communities which were springing up all over New England during the latter half of the Seventeenth Century. The history of this period in the growth of Bridgeport should portray, as far and as accurately as possible, first, the people of the colony themselves, their life and customs; second, the crystalization of their lives and characters in the principles of government and united action which underlie and explain the present. With the total lack of biography, an appreciative analysis of the characters of the early settlers of Bridgeport is rendered impossible; but one marked characteristic deserves emphatic mention — the unflinching courage of the first few families that had gathered around the mouth of the Pequonnock before 1639. Whatever want of broad outlook or charitable toleration we may discern in the mental makeup of the Puritans, it remains that they were fitted as no others were or could have been for the colonization of New England. That spirit of reverence toward God, of rectitude toward men, which was the ruling principle of the Puritans, enabled the early settlers of Bridgeport to maintain a steadfast position, where less sturdy souls would have faltered and failed. As the settlement grew slowly, it was more than fifty years before they were able to have a church of their own at Stratfield, and every Sunday all the able-bodied persons in the village were obliged, rather than omit church-attendance (which course did not present itself to the mind of a Puritan as possible), to tramp across the wild country for four or five miles either to the church at Fairfield or at Stratford. It is possible to form a mind-picture of the procession which the few families in Stratfield would make on the way to church on those olden time Sunday mornings. They no doubt followed the usual custom in the colonies of going together. It was not until some time in the Eighteenth Century that carriages were used in attending church, except on special occasions. All, both young and old, were accustomed to walk. Some of the active, middle-aged men led the way as an advance guard. Others of the strong men were scattered through the company, while some brought up the rear. All the heads of families carried their weapons in readiness, even in BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 17 such comparatively quiet settlements as Quinnipiac or Pequonnock, for the possi- bility of a sudden attack of the wandering tribes of Indians was always imminent. Beside, there was a large reservation of Indians on Golden Hill, indolent and harm- less generally, but one could not tell just how far to trust them. Under the watch- ful protection of the Puritan fathers, the Puritan matrons walked sedately along, watching over their younger sons and daughters, in whom the Puritan spirit had not yet subdued the natural tendencieslo mirth and noisiness. The young men and maidens walked apart, for on Sundays, of all days, they were not supposed to have any desire for each other's company. Thus, in irregular companies of a half dozen or so, but all within a short distance of each other, the inhabitants of Strat- field would walk to church each Sunday morning, unless the weather was so inclem- ent as to prevent the women and children from going out. The men were obliged to be present, whether rain or shine, snow or ice prevailed. Arrived at the church, the families were seated according to certain ranks and privileges which then prevailed. The young men and maidens were again separated, being seated on opposite sides of the church. But, though obliged to refrain almost from looking at the young ladies during the day, the young man's turn came around with Sunday evening. Then it was the regular time for him to visit his loved one's home, and ever since that day the custom seems to have continued. The noon meal was always brought to church, and the country people did not return home until after the sermon in the afternoon. Thus passed a Sunday with the Puritans, looked forward to throughout the week as a foretaste of heaven. Indeed, all their pleasantest recollections and hopes clus- tered around the church. In the midst of the hard struggles of subduing the soil and the rough forest lands, this spot stood out as an oasis in the wilderness. Here they received their name at the first solemn ceremony in the course of their life. Here the banns of true love were first announced. Here, before the altar, after having ridden over in state, bride and groom together on the same steed, the most sacred vows of marriage were administered. Hither they expected to come on their last journey after the hard battle of life was over. So the first and most important element which we meet with in the life of the early settlers in Bridgeport, as all through New England, is their relation to the church. In the light of this fact we may well consider it the most important event in the history of the colony up to that date, when the foundation of the first church was laid in Stratfield, in the year 1693. The fact that there could not have been more than seventy-five adults in the place at the time demonstrates the universal desire which existed for such an edifice. The church was not finished until 1695, owing partly to the heavy strain put upon the inhabitants by reason of their small numbers and partly to the fact that much difficulty ensued in separating from the parishes at Fairfield and Stratford. The Reverend Charles Chauncey was settled as pastor of the church, and proved an ideal leader of the people. About the same time, that other rock upon which New England is built, the common school was established in Stratfield. For a number of years the Rev. Chas. Chauncey had acted as both teacher and pastor, but before the beginning of the Eighteenth Century two flourishing schools were in operation, one in that part of the town bordering on Stratford, the other in the part toward Fairfield. Ever since BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. that time the subject of education and its methods has continued to grow with the city, contributing indeed not a little to the stability of that growth. The Rev. Mr. Chauncey was a highly educated scholar, the grandson of Charles Chauncey, pro- fessor of Greek and Latin at Cambridge University, England, and later President of Harvard College, so we may be sure that in the beginning of the school at Stratfield, the first steps were wisely planned and intelligently taken. The standard was prob- ably somewhat higher than at most of the, colonial schools where nothing was taught except the simplest rudiments. The discipline of the schools in those days con- formed to the Puritan idea, and the present system would seem the height of indul- gence in comparison. Mr. Chauncey's salary as both pastor and teacher was £60, which was afterwards increased to £80. This may seem very small but in reality was very generous con- sidering the population of Stratfield at that time. The Stratfield Ecclesiastical So- ciety was the name given to the first attempt at local organization, which was granted a charter at the establishment of the first church in 1695 by the General Court of the State. Being the first community under this form of organization in the State, its privileges and powers were defined, according to Orcutt's history, in 1699, as follows: 1. To make choice annually of two or three persons who shall have power to order meetings of the society, their minister's rate and what concerns may be about their meeting house. 2. To choose collectors of the rates, and that they shall have power by virtue of a writ from lawful authority to distrain. 3. To choose a constable whose power shall reach from west side of Pequonnock River unto the utmost bounds of the village, westward, according to the limitations granted Commission Officers; the village consisting partly of Fairfield and Stratford. 4. That they shall have liberty to choose annually a society recorder to be sworn to that work. The organization was of the simplest character possible, and yet, or consequently, proved most efficient in the small community, as long as it continued in operation. The chief members of the new society at its inception, were Richard Hubbell, Isaac Wheeler, James Bennit, Samuel Beai - dsley, Samuel Gregory, Mathew Sherman, Rich- ard Hubble, David Sherman and John Odell. This union of all the forces of the town in one compact body had a most telling influence on the internal improvement of the region itself and the preparation for rapid advancement later on. In 1703, the village had grown in numbers sufficiently to warrant the organiza- tion of a train-band. David Sherman was appointed as its Ensign; in the following year John Beardsley was elected Captain, and James Bennett Lieutenant. On the annual "training clay," the whole company of some forty or fifty men would turn out, and march to the training grounds in the northern part of the village. The accoutrements of the soldiers were of the most varied and sometimes ridiculous nature. No attempt at uniformity seems to have been made. In close proximity might have been seen, one man wearing the helmet and cuirass of an English knight, with a broad cavalry sword in his hand, and another with no defensive armor at all, carrying a large "blunderbuss " over his shoulder. Fat men and lean men, tall and low, marched side by side indiscriminately, and almost in accordance with each individual's own sweet will, for the amount of absolute authority now given to a military commander, BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 19 for the time being, would have seemed preposterous to those independent freemen. The day on the parade ground was spent in sham battles, athletic games and military reviews. Sometimes the Indians from the neighboring reservation would come down and try a wrestling bout with the soldiers. "Training Day " was one of the chief holidays of the year. For one day, at least, the natural man in the old Puritans made itself apparent. Hilarity and merry making were almost universal. It was not, however, until a much later date that New England rum appeared upon the scene and added yet another feature to the day. The only other holiday of the time worth mentioning, was Thanksgiving Day. The Puritans had rejected the observance of Christmas, along with all the other church days, but all joined in rendering this great festal day of Thanksgiving a red- letter occasion in the year. Families were united again under the roof of the pater- nal house, and an abundance of good things from field, forest, and sea were supplied. This distinctively New England custom was established before 1650, and no doubt was observed here from its inception. The glimpses of the kindred " touch of human nature" in our Puritan ancestors throw an amount of light upon their lives and habits which else were lacking. The sober business, or in fact the life work of the early settlei's of Stratfield, for their lives were religiously sober, was agricultural. Unlike many sister colonies, no thoughts of treasures to be gained by traffic on the sea seem to have been ever con- templated by them. For a hundred years the cultivation of the soil, which fortu- nately was unusually rich, absorbed their endeavors. In the year 1714, the little settlement met a heavy loss, in the death of their be- loved pastor, the Reverend Charles Chauncey. Endowed with the highest natural gifts, cultivated by a broad, liberal education, he had thrown himself into the work of the church here with a self-sacrificing zeal that had a most marked and beneficial influence in moulding the tendencies of the early days in this colony. The Reverend Mr. Chauncey was succeeded after a year's interval by the Rev. Samuel Cooke, one of the earliest graduates of Yale College, who carried on with energetic ability the work which had been so successfully inaugurated by his prede- cessor. About this time the first evidences of mercantile activity made their appearance in the shape of sundry papers and agreements, showing that quite a number of mei*- chants had settled here before the first quarter of the Eighteenth Century had been completed. In 1717, the old church having become too small to accommodate the congrega- tion, a new "meeting-house" was erected under the charge of five leading citizens: Major John Burr, Captain David Sherman, Lieutenant Richard Hubbell, Jr., Samuel Sherwood, and Mr. Benjamin Fayerweather. It was voted that the sittings in the new "meeting-house" should be according to "dignity, age, and estate by the pres- ent list." In the following year, 1718, a gallery was built in the church, a rare inno- vation in those days, and one showing that the church must have been one of the best in this part of the State. The great religious controversy which agitated New England from 1740 to 1745, created considerable excitement here. Mr. Cooke sided with the " New Lights," as they were called, who, influenced by the ideas of Whitefield, sought a more liberal 20 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. expression of Christian thought, and more liberal methods in church work. Accord- ing to Orcutt, and all reliable sources, he seems to have had the sympathetic and un- failing support of his parishioners, though meeting much opposition in his position as trustee of Yale College. In 1748 the first Protestant Episcopal church edifice was erected in Stratfield and placed under the charge of the Rev. Philo Shelton. Many religious changes were brought about by the " Great Awakening of Whitefield," as it was called, and one of them was the establishment of the Stratfield Baptist church in 1751. The progress of Stratfield during the third quarter of the Eighteenth Century was slow. The repressive measures put upon the trade and manufacturing of the colonies by the English government tended to restrain and crush all attempts in these lines. Although increasing but slowly in numbers and wealth, the progress of thought and education was as marked here as anywhere in the Colony. Most of the people were well-to-do, paupers being almost unknown. Many had received a liberal education, as the early records of Yale College would demonstrate. In the meantime, the moral status of the settlement had been preserved intact amid all the growing tendencies toward a less severe and self-sacrificing manner of life which were beginning to take root among the descendants of the early Puritans. Thus it was that the inhabitants of Stratfield were fully prepared for the great struggle for liberty about to break out in the Amei'ican colonies. The first dark threatenings of the storm were watched with apprehension. The Stamp Act and Boston Port Bill aroused fiery indignation. The noble resistance to acts of oppres- sion throughout the Colony met with hearty sympathy here. The men began to take down their old flint locks and get them ready for active service, while the women were melting down their pewter spoons and other household implements into bullets. A company of minute men was formed ready for an immediate call to arms; societies of the Sons and Daughters of Liberty were the order of the day; eloquent orators passed through the villages from one part of the State to another, arousing the minds of the people to the magnitude of the struggle, and giving the watchword of liberty; all eyes were anxiously directed to the brave little seaport town of Massachusetts, ready for the storm to burst at any minute. BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 21 CHAPTER III. FROM REVOLUTION TO REBELLION. When the news of Lexington and Concord reached Stratfield, on the 21st of April, 1775, the village was convulsed with excitement and rose in arms along with the rest of the State. A considerable number of volunteers, not less than forty, marched immediately on Boston, forming a part of the Sixteenth Regiment of the State Militia. These soldiers were engaged in the brilliantly conceived and con- tested engagements around Boston under General Washington. In the expedition into Canada, led by Colonel Benedict Arnold, in the fall and winter of 1775, a company of volunteers from Stratfield participated. There were few more dangerous or more disastrous campaigns made during the war, the way lying mostly through rough, unbroken country, and the attacks against Montreal and Quebec being made under the most discouraging circumstances. The heroism of the volunteers from Stratfield was not surpassed by any of that noble band of Connecticut volunteers. Two military companies were formed in Stratfield during 1776, one composed of the " Householders " of the village, the other called the "Stratfield Train-Band." The former seemed to have been a sort of " Home Guard;" the latter did gallant service in the battle of White Plains, N. Y. Captain David Hawley, of Stratfield, commanded a vessel in the desperately- fought naval engagement on Lake Champlain, October 11, 1776. As the war progressed, the little settlement at the mouth of the Pequonnock began to assume the proportions of a village, and came to be called by the name of New- field. This was part of the old village of Stratfield, but it was not many years before Newfield had surpassed the older part of the village. Here at Newfield several exciting incidents took place during the course of the war. In the early part of 1777, the inhabitants of Newfield discovered that several boats were being rowed across frequently from Stratford to the British on Long Island with provisions for the enemy. Thinking it was the work of traitors, the indignant citizens of Newfield attacked one of the boats and killed two of the men? but the sad fact became evident afterward that the men were spies employed by General Washington to go within the British lines and report the condition of the enemy to himself. A pension was given to the families of these men unwittingly slain by their own countrymen while pursuing their dangerous calling. In the fall of 1779, General Silliman, the Military Commander of this section of the Long Island coast, was kidnapped from his house on the coast near Newfield iiarbor by a party of British soldiers and Tories. They had crossed from Long 22 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. Island during the night, and, by a sudden descent, carried off the General before the the surrounding region could be aroused. Enraged at this midnight marauding expedition, and hoping to obtain prisoners who might be exchanged for the General and his son, who had been taken with him,, the citizens of Newfield decided to make a return expedition to Long Island. Cap- tain Daniel Hawley was to lead the party, and the Hon. Mr. Jones, Justice of the Supreme Court of New York, was the person picked out for capture. Taking a crew of picked men in a large whale-boat, Captain Hawley crossed to Hempstead, Long Island, some miles from the home of Judge Jones. When they arrived at his home,, it being about nine o'clock in the evening, a large ball was going on at the house r and the Judge totally ignorant of the danger hanging over his head, was enjoying to the full the gay festivities of the evening. The noise of the music and dancing prevented the approach of the Americans being perceived. Captain Hawley, no attention being paid to his loud knocking, forced his way into the house, and arrested Judge Jones and a Mr. Hewlett in the entry. The two prisoners were rapidly con- ducted to the boat by Captain Hawley, who had to pass within a short distance of a guard of British soldiers. Judge Jones tried to attract the attention of these soldiers by " hemming," but desisted on being told he would receive a pistol shot upon a second attempt. There was a long journey between the mansion of the Judge and the boat where- his companions were waiting for Captain Hawley, but the latter conducted his prisoners with consummate skill. After the arrival of the Judge at Newfield, he was entertained for several days at the house of Mrs. General Silliman. At the expiration of three or four months, an exchange was effected with the British,, whereby General Silliman and his son were restored to their homes, in exchange for Judge Jones and Mr. Hewlett. During the later years of the war the inhabitants of Newfield were much troubled by the communications of their Tory neighbors at Newtown with the British, and a guard of soldiers was stationed here to keep a watch along the coast. The close of the Revolutionary War found the older farming section of Stratfield smaller and poorer than before, but the village of Newfield had made great progress. From a few scattered families it had grown in less than a decade to number about one hundred and ten inhabitants. Many families had moved down from the interior and settled on the shore of the bay. Among these we may note the Nichols, Hawleys, Hubbells, Shermans, Bur- roughs, Sterlings and Summers. A considerable trading and shipping business had sprung up, and from this time the chief interest of the historian of Bridgeport is centered upon Newfield. Under the benign influences of peace and freedom the commerce of the village prospered for a number of years. Wharves began to appear around the upper end of the harbor, and a fleet of ships made their home m the harbor, unsurpassed anywhere on the coast. The borough of Bridgeport, consisting of Newfield and Stratfield, was chartered in 1800, so that the city began its present prosperous career with the century. It was the first local government of its kind in the State, and became a valuable pattern after which many other communities in the State were modeled. The name itself signifies its own derivation, the place having probably come to be called so familiarly on account of the small turnpike bridge at the head of the port. BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 23 ^■-.^ )/, . »./ v. , 5# VIEW OF LONG ISLAND SOUND, FROM SEASIDE PARK. The season of prosperity seems to have continued uninterruptedly until the Em- bargo Act in 1808, and the War of 1812 threw a damper on Bridgeport's commerce, at the same time that all the other New England towns were similarly afflicted. Although the citizens qf Bridgeport achieved no conspicuously brilliant thing in the War of 1812, they maintained the cause of the country with patriotic devotion, par- ticularly on the sea. At the close of the war, commerce revived, and the main facts of the succeeding half century are the rise and fall of the shipping trade and its supercedence by the increasing extent of manufactures. Bridgeport soon came to have a fleet excelled in numbers and efficiency by few on the Sound. Considerable trading was done with New York, Boston, Baltimore and the West Indies. The West Indian trade, in particular, increased rapidly until about 1840, when it began to decline. One great benefit of this trade was the impetus it gave to the work of the coopers and millers. In 1820 the population of the borough had reached eight hundred and twenty. In the following year, the government of Bridgeport was changed by legislative enactment, from that of the borough to the town, to meet the exigencies of its recent growth. The valuation of the town for 1820 was reported to be #24,701. From this time on the advance of Bridgeport was rapid. The advent of steam- boats was one important item in the bringing about of this result. In 1824, a charter was granted to a steamboat company in Bridgeport, being the third one granted, up to that time, in the State; but it does not appear that the comj^any went into active ■operation before 1832. On the 16th of April, 1S32, the steamboat "Citizen," Cap- 24 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. tain Brooks, began to make regular trips between Bridgeport and New York. Two- years later, in July, 1834, the steamers " Nimrod," Captain J. Brooks, Jr., and " Fairfield," Captain Peck, were added to the line. One of the early maritime ventures was whale fishing. This industry having proved so profitable in other New England seaport towns, Bridgeport decided to try her hand at it, and whaling vessels were sent to the North Atlantic and to the North and South Pacific on long voyages. The business prospered so for a time- that in 1833 a firm, called the Bridgeport Whaling Company, was incorporated here with a capital stock of $100,000. Four vessels were owned and sent out by this company: "Harvest," "Hamilton," "Atlantic," and "Steiglitz." Whale fishing off Newfoundland did not prove so successful, and after a decade or two the entire business passed into oblivion, as better and cheaper materials for lighting came into> the market. Many voyages to China and India were made by the old " skippers " of Bridge- port. Among the more famous of these old naval heroes were: Captain Ezekiel Hubbell, who sailed in all more than 245,000 miles upon the sea, and upon a large number of his voyages carried cargoes valued at over $100,000; Captain Henry Wilson, who sailed in all more than 370,000 miles, and Captain Isaac Burroughs, who made many voyages and owned a large number of vessels plying from thia port, beside being one of the most prominent citizens in the town itself. The population of the town in 1830 was rated at about eighteen hundred. In 1833, scientific arrangements were first made for supplying the town with water. Previous to that time it had been conveyed around the town in bored-out logs, a plan originally made by the Rev. Elijah Waterman. The Bridgeport and Golden Hill Aqueduct Company, formed in 1833, with a capital of $10,000, was one of the first in the country to apply scientific methods to the distribution of the water supply. They were succeeded by the Bridgeport Water Company in 1853. In 1836, a new era was inaugurated in Bridgeport by the incorporation of the Housatonic Railroad Company. The movement which resulted in the railroad began in 1835, and was one of the earliest in the country. It was originally proposed to encourage traffic in the Housatonic Valley, by joining Naugatuck and New Mil- ford by a canal. In 1835, however, the citizens of the various towns and cities in the region decided that a railway would be much superior, and through the energetic efforts of Alfred Bishop of Bridgeport, it was decided that its termination should be made here. Coincident with the moveme nt for the railway, a city charter was granted to Bridge- port — a suggestive incident. Thus in 1836 Bridgeport began its career as a city and became possessed of its first railroad company. The new city showed its appre- ciation of the latter by making a loan to it of $150,000. This was the first experi- ence Bridgeport had had with a debt, and at first several misunderstandings arose in regard to the payment of the interest and other collateral items, but the citizens "soon " saw the point," and became glad to make a small sacrifice for the general good. Beside Alfred Bishop, Wm. P. Bushnell, Wm. H. Noble, Jesse Sterling and other prominent citizens were deeply interested in the new railroad. The road was com- pleted and opened as far as New Milford in 1839, but the present line was not entire- ly completed until 1844. In 1845 a charter was granted to the Naugatuck railroad and in 1848 the trains began running as far as Winsted. Timothy Dwight of New BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 25 Haven, and Wm. P. Burrall, Philo Hurd and Alfred D. Brittain of Bridgeport, were among the chief movers of this enterprise. The New York and New Haven railroad, which had been chartered in 1844, also commenced running trains through Bridgeport in 1848. Bridgeport men had an im- portant influence in the beginning of this great enterprise, which has never been in- terrupted. Wm. P. Burrall and Stephen Tomlinson, both of Bridgeport, were mem- bers of the original board of directors, no other city in Connecticut having more than one. Alfred Bishop of Bridgeport was the chief contractor and builder of the entire road. Wm. D. Bishop, son of the former, was for many years president of the road, and contributed a large share toward its prosperity. At the present time Bridgeport has two directors of the road: Hon. Wm. D. Bishop and Hon. Nathan- iel Wheeler; and superintendent: Mr. John T. Moody. The importance and benefit to the city of the great railroad lines can perhaps be partially estimated by the census, the population of Bridgeport having risen from 1,800 in 1830 to 4,570 in 1840, and 7,558 in 1850. During the decade from 1850 to 1860 there was another rapid advance, the city almost doubling its population and reaching the number of 13,299. Many of the manufacturing industries were established during this period. As the clouds began to gather before the breaking of the storm, the citizens of Bridgeport made preparation for the struggle which all thoughtful men recognized as imminent. The troubles in Kansas, and the expedition of John Brown caused great excitement. As the elections of 1860 drew near a number of active supporters of the South and slavery made themselves prominent in the city, but they received nothing but opprobrium from the great majority of the people. With the elec- tion of Lincoln the resolution of all but a few was finally made to stand by the Union. Immediately upon the announcement of the fall of Fort Sumter, April 12, 1861 the patriotic spirit burst forth in great mass meetings and assemblies for volunteer- ing in answer to the call of the governor. Mayor D. H. Sterling and Wm. H. Noble were two of the chief leaders of the " Union spirit." At the mass meeting held on the evening of the day news of Fort Sumter's fall arrived, seven thousand dollars was raised on the spot in behalf of volunteers and their families. A few davs later the city officially set apart ten thousand dollars for this purpose. The enthusiasm and excitement increased hourly. In the First Connecticut Volunteers Regiment, collected immediately at New Haven, Bridgeport was represented by a complete company called the " Bridgeport Rifles," Captain John Speidal. In the Third Regi- ment, recruited a few days, later, Company D, Captain Frederick Frye, was composed •of half Bridgeport men and the rest from other parts of Fairfield County. These regiments immediately marched to the defence of Washington. In the battle of Bull Run they were in the front of the line and were the last to retire, with unbroken ranks, an unexcelled rear guard. Capt. John Speidal was made a Lieutenant-Colonel for gallant service in the battle that day, and particularly recommended for honorable mention. When the brave volunteers returned home to Bridgeport in August 1861, they received a most enthusiastic welcome. All now perceived that the struggle would be a long and bitter one. A large majority of the returned soldiers re-enlisted, and many new volunteers came forward. Meanwhile there were a few so-called "peace " men in Bridgeport who endeavored 26 * BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. like blind men to stem the tide. The Bridgeport Farmer was one of the most ram- pant upholders of the " anti-war doctrines " in the State. By several strong edito- rials, wishing the rebels success and approving their actions, it drew upon itself the hostile attention of the city, with the exception of a few hesitating sympathizers. So bitter did the Farmer become that at last, excited and exasperated, a large crowd took possession of its office, ruined the type, paper and presses, and by " hooting, groaning and insulting " its recreant editor, Mr. Morse, whenever he appeared in public, induced him after a few days to take a hurried leave and join his South- ern friends, via Canada. In the new regiments which were now immediately formed, Bridgeport was rep- resented as follows: Sixth Regiment by Major John Speidal, and Company I, Captain Thomas Boudren; Seventh by Capt. Gray, and part of Company I; Ninth by Lieutenant-Colonel Richard F. Gibbons, Major Frederick Frye, and Company D, Captain Thomas C. Coats; Twelfth by Company I, Captain J. W. DeForest. That a more appreciative conception of what Bridgeport accomplished in the war may be gained, only those engagements will be referred to in which her " boys " participated. The earliest fighting was met with in the Sixth and Seventh Regiments, which were ordered to the coast of South Cai'olina in the fall of 1861, and did some desper- ate and honorable fighting around Charleston. The Ninth Regiment being sent to Louisiana, the gallant officers and men in it from Bridgeport had a splendid opportunity to display their valor in the hard-fought battles around New Orleans. The Twelfth also played an important part in these operations. Some severe fighting was done by the Sixth and Seventh in Florida during the early part of 1862. Captain Gray, of Bridgeport, received honorable mention for distinguished gallantry in several desperate battles. Although Bridgeport had responded generously to the calls made upon her for men already, when the great call of President Lincoln for more soldiers was issued in July, 1862, she even surpassed her former efforts, showing an increase in zeal and devotion though the black cloud of defeat was then hanging over the country. In the Fourteenth Regiment, enlisted during the mid-summer of '62, Bridgeport sent out Company A, Captain James D. Merritt. The Seventeenth, Bridgeport's " dar- ling regiment," was enlisted at the same time, exclusively from Fairfield County. The city was largely represented in Company D, Captain William II. Lacey; Com- E, Captain Henry P. Burr; Company G, Captain James G. Dunham; Company K, Captain John J. McCarty. Colonel William H. Noble, the gallant Commanding Officer of the Seventeenth, and its Lieutenant-Colonel, Charles Walter, were two of Bridgeport's most honored citizens. About this time Bridgeport came to be called " the Banner Town of the State," having furnished seventy men more than her quota — a total of eight hundred and fifty out of an enrolled militia of sixteen hundred. The Seventeenth Regiment was quartered in a fine position at Sea-Side Park, called "Camp Aiken." When it left for the field, September 3, 1862, a very large concourse of people from all parts of the county had come to the city, and after Governor Buckingham had reviewed the regiment, it was given a most enthusiastic " send-off " by the assembled people. BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. „ 27 In its ranks, as a private soldier, marched Elias Howe, Jr., of Bridgeport, the inventor of the sewing machine, and manager of large industries in the city. Bridgeport also sent out a goodly representation in the Twenty-third (raised in November, 1862): Company D, Charles W. Hall, and Company I, Captain William H. May, being largely from this city. It was also represented in Company K, Twenty-fourth Regiment. The two last-named regiments were immediately dis- patched to take part in General Bank's expedition to the extreme South. The first fighting done by the Bridgeport men in the Fourteenth Connecticut was at the battle of Antietam, where they displayed distinguished valor. . They were under fire for thirty-six hours, and a large number of men were lost. In the desper- ate charges, quick marches and counter-marches under the deadly artillery fire, and more dread yet the long standing still under it, they won a reputation for coolness and bravery which was maintained throughout the war. For the first time, Bridge- port had to mourn heavy losses, for many noble heroes of private rank, who had helped to build up her prosperity and adorned it by honorable lives, had fallen, ne'er to gladden again the hearts of the sufferers at home. In the battle of Fredericksburg, having won a most honorable name for reliability in danger, the Fourteenth Connecticut was sent forward among the first in that terrible charge, where the Union men were mown down like wheat. Again did the publication of the reports, and the "blacklist" cause many sad hearts in Brid re- port. The Seventeenth were employed during the fall and winter of '62 in maintaining the defensive works about Washington, a most distasteful task to men chafino- to take part in the great struggles which were deciding the fate of the nation. The Ninth and Twelfth, with their quota of Bridgeport men, were meanwhile performing distinguished services in the engagements in Mississippi, under Grant, leading up to the siege and fall of Vicksburg. It is a fact worthy of mention that after the battle of Antietam, the soldiers of his regiment being in need of money, and not having been paid off, Elias Howe advanced the thirteen thousand dollars due them. In the battle on the Pocotaligo River, Florida, where gallant fighting was done by the Sixth and Seventh Connecticut Regiments, Lieutenant-Colonel John Speidal, who commanded the former, was severely injured, and Orderly Sergeant Robert B. Gage, of Bridgeport, after displaying heroic bravery, was killed. The Seventeenth found its first chance for showing its devotion to the country at Chancellorsville, May 2, 1863. Here they offered spirited resistance to the masterly flank movement made by General Stonewall Jackson, which decided the battle. A terrible slaughter was made of the men, and eighty were taken prisoners. Heroic Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Walter was killed in the first charge, and Colonel Noble received a severe wound, yet remained on the field as long as he could see to manage his horse, when he had to be taken to the rear. The Fourteenth were engaged in the heavy fighting of the following day, May 3d, and again suffered severely. This was the third great blow which fell upon the anxious hearts and homes in Bridgeport, and to add to the general grief a large number of its citizens were among those who were marching " on to Richmond " as prisoners of war. Bridgeport was represented in the battle of Gettysburg by her men in the Four- 28 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. teenth and Seventeenth, who proved themselves again worthy of the highest praise. The Seventeenth was one of the first regiments thrown forward as skirmishers, on the first of July. Though outflanked and overpowered, they maintained their advance position until recalled by their Corps Commander, General Howard. They then occupied a position in the very center of the long Union line. During the second of July, the Seventeenth lay quietly but with heroic fortitude under a tremendous artillery fire, losing a large number of men. The same dread story was repeated the following forenoon, but in the afternoon came the crucial contest. When that ever- memorable charge up the hill, under General Pickett, broke against the Union line in its very center, the men of the Seventeenth Connecticut were among the heroes who met the tide of Confederacy at its highest flow, and saved their country by making an invincible bulwark of their own breasts. Nothing in the history of the world surpasses the heroic valor displayed on both sides there, and naught can hinder the citizens of Bridgeport, now that we are a united country, not only from honoring, according to their worth, their own brave fellow-citizens present in the decisive battle of the war and the decisive point in it, but also from remembering with tenderness their brave opponents. The Fourteenth were stationed a short distance to the left of the Seventeenth,, and were not surpassed in steadiness or fortitude by any regiment on the field. It had lost a large number of men, among whom were several of Bridgeport's most honored and most mourned citizens. The Seventeenth had attested its devotion by the loss of more than half its num- ber. Never before in the history of Bridgeport, had the angel of death passed through and laid so many homes in deepest mourning for martyred loved ones. Col. W. H. Noble, who had been obliged to go home on a furlough after the battle of Chancellorsville, in his anxiety to share in the danger of the struggle with the regi- ment, returned five days before the furlough expired, just in time to lead his men in the most desperate and decisive fighting of all on the third day. During the important campaigns around the Mississippi River in the summer of 1863, Major Fredrick Frye of the Ninth, and Captain William H. May of the Twenty-third, were especially active and rendered most valuable services. The Sixth and Seventh Regiments, still together, had meantime been seeing fur- ther dangerous service in Florida and South Carolina. A particularly desperate battle was fought at Fort Wagner, in Charleston Harbor. Here Andrew Grogan, a private from Bridgeport, gallantly rescued Colonel Chatfield of the Sixth, who had been severely wounded within the fort itself which had been partially captured by a charge unsurpassed in bravery during the war. For his services Andrew Grogan was promoted to a Lieutenantcy. During this same charge, Lieutenant Stephen S. Stevens, of Bridgeport, one of the most admired and loved of all the officers in the corps, was slain. The Seventeenth arrived and joined the other two Connecticut Regiments on Folly Island, just off Charleston Harbor, about the middle of the series of bloody but unavailing battles in which it soon became an important participant. In con- sequence of the terrible fighting which they had undergone, the various State Regi- ments had to be repleted by a draft in the fall of 1863, to which Bridgeport cheer- fully responded. In the meantime, those at home had not been unmindful for the warriors in the field. The ladies of Bridgeport had been particularly active in pro- BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 29 30 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. viding for their every want. Their society for aiding the soldiers was formed in April, 1861, immediately after the President's first call for troops, and is universally acknowledged to have been the first association of its kind in the country. In August, 1861, the organization was completed and" called the " Ladies' Soldiers' Relief-Society." Its first President was Mrs. Woolsey G. Sterling, who was succeeded by Mrs. Daniel Thacher. During the whole course of the war, Miss Lydia R. Ward was its devoted Secretary. In the first year of its existence the cash receipts were $2,618.21. In addition many thousand articles were sent to the soldiers, and one hundred and forty of their families were assisted with food, clothing and fuel. In the winter of 1863-4, this society conceived and executed the idea of filling a ship with vegetables and other provisions and sending it to all the Connecticut Regi- ments within reach of the Atlantic coast. This noble plan proved eminently suc- cessful, bringing health and joy to many of the soldiers needing and longing for such nourishment. Few local societies in the country were more active in devising and more generous and skillful in carrying out plans for the bodily and mental refresh- ment of the soldiers. The city itself was not inactive. There was contributed in all during the whole course of the war, considerably over $200,000, for the expenses of the government and aid of the soldiers. The good done by the various sources through which the citizens manifested their*love toward the soldiers is inestimable. The sturdy veterans from Bridgeport had a furlough in the early part of 1864, and came home for a short respite and rest. It would be vain to endeavor to describe their reception. After a few weeks of happy reunion, they returned with steadfast hearts to the final grapple with the enemy. The majority of the Bridge- port soldiers were now united, in their various regiments, under Grant and went through one of the most celebrated campaigns in history. The Wilderness, Spott- sylvania Court House, Cold Harbor came and went in rapid succession, quickly thin- ning their ranks and leaving aching hearts all over the country. The Fourteenth particularly distinguished itself again for gallant services. After Petersburg and Richmond were invested it maintained its honorable standing through heavy losses to the very end. Captain William H. Hawley, of Bridgeport, one of the noblest and most admired men in his army corps as well as at home, was slain August 25, 1864, during a gallant charge made by the Fourteenth. The Sixth, Seventh and Ninth were now honorably engaged before Petersburg, the Twelfth was still in the Missis- sippi Valley and the Seventeenth on the coast of South Carolina. Bridgeport lost another of her most honored citizens in Lieutenant Franklin Bartlett, of the Four- teenth, who was shot in the lines before Richmond, February 5th, 1865. Lieutenant Bartlett was very highly esteemed by both his officers and men and had been recom- mended for a captaincy. The Sixth and Seventh Connecticut were engaged in the brilliant operations resulting in the capture of Fort Fisher, under General A. II. Terry, January 13, 1865. For their gallantry, the Bridgeport soldiers in connection with the other brave Con- necticut veterans, received the thanks of Congress and the nation. During the masterly campaigns made by General Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley, Bridgeport was represented in the Ninth and Twelfth Connecticut Regi- ments, both of whom fought with invincible bravery in the battle of Cedar Creek. Some very spirited fighting was done during the winter of 1863-4, by the Seven- teenth Regiment under Colonel Noble, who was now in charge of a brigade. By a BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 31 number of skillful marches through the State (Florida), Col. Noble succeeded in maintaining tbe Union interests with great success. During one of these dangerous excursions, Lieutenant Henry Whitney Chatfield was instantly killed in a hand to hand struggle with the enemy. He was dearly loved in the army, where his bravery and noble character had attracted much atten- tion, and no death was more generally or deeply mourned at home. For distin- guished services, Captain "William L. Hubbell of the Seventeenth, from Bridgeport, was now promoted to be the major of the regiment. Another officer who attracted and received honorable mention for his gallant conduct in the campaigns around Petersburg was Adjutant Wm. B. Hincks of the Fourteenth, from Bridgeport. Colonel Noble had the great misfortune to be captured by a band of rebel guer- rillas, December 24, 1864, while going from Jacksonville to St. Augustine. In spite of strenuous efforts made by his men to rescue him, he was imprisoned first at Talla- hassee, Florida, then at Macon, Georgia, and finally in the dreadful misery of Ander- sonville. His imprisonment was a great loss to the brigade he commanded in East Florida, and to all the Union interests in that part of the State. He was not released until April, 1865, and then was detained some time before he was able to rejoin his troops in Florida a short time before their muster out. Of the Seventeenth Re which had been chartered in 1806, and the Connecticut Bank, chartered in 1831. Most of the other banks were not chartei*ed before the latter half of the century, the Bridgeport Savings Bank being chartered in 1842, the Pequonnock Bank in 1851, the Bridgeport City Bank (now the City National) in 1854, the City Savings Bank in 1859, the People's Savings Bank in 1860, the First National in 1864, the Mechanics' and Farmers' Savings Bank in 1873. Carriage-making had become an important industry by 1833. Two firms, Carier & Porter, and Mott & Burr, had existed previous to that time, and the firm of Tom- linson, Wood & Co. started in that year as one of the largest houses in the town. The following year steam was first introduced into the business by David and Ebenezer Wheeler. The establishment of such houses as Nichols, Peck &Co., Hurd, Fairchild & Co., and the Union Carriage Company soon made this one of the largest as well as the most progressive industry the city had yet known. The saddlery business had also prospered and held its own as one of the leading industries. The foreign commerce gradually declined from 1840, under the operation of the influences which have tended to strangle American shipping. About the time of the " Gold-Rush " to California, 1848-54, several firms for carrying on business there were established, one of them, the S. F. Hurd & Company, being very successful, and realizing a dividend of about $200,000 in four years. 40 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. The inauguration of the railroads and their great importance has already been spoken of. The Housatonic, which first went into actual operation in 1844, and the Naugatuck, started in 1848, made Bridgeport the depot and center for the trade of all the western part of the State. The opening of the New York, New Haven & Hartford in 1848, connected Bridgeport with the great metropolis, and with Boston, which controls a large part of the eastern trade. As a result, the general business interests of Bridgeport received a strong impetus, the effects of which have continued to this day. Since 1856, when the Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine Company first went into operation here, Bridgeport has been one of the largest manufacturing centers of these monuments to American genius in the world. This great industry has rapidly increased until it has reached massive proportions, as the great value of these ma- chines has come to be universally appreciated. The Howe Sewing Machine Company made its headquarters in Bridgeport in 1865, where its already extensive business increased more rapidly. The latest addition to this line of industry was the estab- lishment in Bridgeport in 1884 of the American Hand Sewing Machine Company, which has introduced a most ingenious invention in the way of a hand-sewing-ma- ■chine, sure to command growing appreciation. The veteran sewing-machine inventor, Elias Howe, Jr., was born at Spencer, Mass., in 1819, and for many years was a workingman in the manufactories of Lowell and Cambridge, Mass. After years of poverty and toil he completed in 1845 a sewing machine claimed to have " sewed the first seam made by machinery. 1 ' Though at first unsuccessful and almost ruined, at the end of twenty-seven years' work his profits amounted to about $2,000,000. He volunteered and served for some time as a private soldier during the war, and has always shown a most affectionate interest in the city of his adoption. Allen B. Wilson, was born October 18, 1824, in Willett, N. Y. In early life he worked as a blacksmith, and in 1847, without ever having heard of such a thing as a sewing machine, he conceived a plan for making one. After long experiments he succeeded in 1849 in completing the first machine ever made fully answering all the practical purposes needed. In 1850, Allen B. Wilson met Nathaniel Wheeler in New York city and the first sewing machine company was formed. Nathaniel Wheeler was born in Watertown, Ct., September 7, 1820. Before 1850 he had been engaged in the manufacturing of carriages, tools and machinery. Since the formation of the Wheeler & Wilson Company, and its establishment in Bridgeport, he has been one of the leading sewing machine men of the country. He has given valuable assistance in building up East Bridgeport and manifested a deep interest in all departments of the city's life and work. He has been its represent- ative in the Senate of the State. During the first years of the war the greatest period of stagnation in Bridge- port's commercial history occurred. Since that time the progress has been steady and increasingly rapid until at the present time Bridgeport bids fair to fulfill at no distant day the prophecy of a recent Governor of Connecticut, " that it is des- tined to be the metropolis of the State." It would not be possible to particularize all the lines which have been and are now being followed out toward the development of Bridgeport's great commercial possibilities. Among them are the manufacturing of corsets; iron and steel, both in BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 41 the rough and in the form of intricate machinery; brass goods; machine, and many- other lines of tools; pianos and organs, paper boxes, toys, knives, locks, rubber- goods, hats, tacks, buttons, carpets, carriages, saws, silk goods, gas-fittings, and gen- eral plumbers' goods, shoes, silver-goods, varnishes, cartridges, furniture, paper, cop- per goods, wheels, bronzes, scissors, springs, britannia goods, beside many celebrated specialties. When one considers that at present, large houses are engaged in all the above lines, and in a majority of the many such houses an approximate idea may be formed of the great variety and wealth of prospective growth the manufacturing in- terests of Bridgeport have now attained. As must necessarily be the case from the large amount of freight business, the facilities therefor are not excelled by any city in New England. The New York,. New Haven & Hartford offers the best provisions which can be desired for reaching all parts of the country, while the Housatonic and Naugatuck command a large and important section of the State. The despatch of freight by water is also of the most convenient and rapid order. The Bridgeport Steamboat Company and the People's Steamboat Line with their fine fleets of passenger and freight steamers, offer the finest opportunities for reaching all parts of the country through New York city. The mercantile trade has increased proportionally with the advance in population and spirit of the city itself. At the present time, there are a large number of large trading houses in the city which for magnitude and enterprise are hardly to be ex- celled by any in New England, while they compete successfully with the largest mercantile houses throughout the country. As an example of the enterprise of her merchants it might be well to cite the large grain elevator of Crane & Hurd, which, at the time of its erection in 1871, was the only one between New York and Boston. Much of the business prospei'ity of Bridgeport has been due to the wise foresight and action of the Bridgeport Board of Trade. Organized 1875 to meet an imperative need, it has exercised a most telling influence over the growing industries of the city. Its original officers were: President, Robert T. Clarke; vice-presidents, Nathaniel Wheeler, P. T. Barnum, Jarratt Morford, E. V. Hawes, and J. D. Alvord; secretary, T. R. Cruttenden; treasurer, Thomas L. Watson; directors, Robert T. Clarke, Nathaniel Wheeler, N. Buckingham, R. B. Lacey, E. V. Hawes, J. Morford, P. T. Barnum, B. Soules, James Staples, D. W. Sherwood, J. D. Alvord, Frederick Hurd, A. C. Hobbs, M. W. Seymour, Hanford Lyon, George Mallory, S. C. King- man, D. M. Read, C. B. Hotchkiss, General W. H. Noble, E. G. Westcott, E. L. Gaylord, N. G. Miller, R. Kost, Charles Hough, E. Parmly, G. W. Bacon, S. W. Baldwin, W. H. Wessels, S. C. Nickerson, E. S. Burnham, and Zalmon Goodsell. Though frequently changing, the directors of the Bridgeport Board of Trade have continued to represent the leading business men of the city. At the present time, D. M. Read is serving as President of the Board for the eleventh time, and R. B. Lacey for the tenth time as Secretary. From the rare union of prudent conservatism and enthusiastic progress, which have marked the past years of Bridgeport's commercial history, we may rest assured that not only has the foundation been firmly laid, but the materials also have already been prepared with which her business men are constructing a superstructure of the highest beauty and value. 42 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 43 CHAPTER VI. EDUCATIONAL, LITERARY AND SOCIAL. No higher praise could be given to the educational system of Bridgeport than that it is worthy of the city. Upon the solid ground-work which can be traced back to the old Puritan days, progressive ideas have been developing a higher and more liberal school-culture as the city itself has been pushing forward. About the time of the formation of the Stratfield Ecclesiastical Society, in 1690, a school was organized, of which the Rev. Charles Chauncey was the first teacher, and since that time the church and the school have continued to work alongside of each other in forming noble character. Among the other noted pedagogues of that day in Strat- field were William Rogers and John Wheeler, the latter receiving £63 for teaching a summer school in 1736. In 173S, a second school building was erected, and in 1766, Stratfield was divided into three school districts. It has been found a most interesting branch of antiquarian study, though time forbids an exhaustive reference here, to look up the text books used in those days, with their excessively quaint illustrations and the queer phraseology, such as "Adam, he ate of the tree." It would perhaps be well, however, not to be too critical, when we remember that this was the intellectual food which nourished the heroes of the Revolution. An important step forward in the educational line was made in 1796, when a school society was organized here, in accordance with a recent State law, to superintend the administration of the schools. About this time considerable money was given to schools by the State, the interest of the sum obtained by the sale of the " Western Reserve Lands" being distributed for this purpose by the legislature. The "School Society" continued in existence until 1856, when the system of to- day with a few changes was adopted. The spirit of the town is admirably shown by the action it took in 1858, to abolish the required tuition money and establish a free school system, ten years previous to the time when the State made such action compulsory and universal. In 1875, after considerable discussion, in which Henry T. Shelton through the Standard took a leading part, it was voted to unite all the eleven school districts in Bridgeport under one government, and a Board of Education was organized. Its original officers were: President, James C. Loomis; Vice-president, Daniel H. Ster- ling; Secretary, Henry T. Shelton; Superintendent, Henry M. Harrington. Since that time the growth of the schools has been continuous and marked. In 1877, a commodious brick building was erected on the site of the old Island Brook school-house, Avhich had been destroyed by fire. A training school for teachers was opened in 1879. The large and beautiful High School building was completed in 44 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 1882. The new plan which was adopted for heating and ventilating it has attracted attention and approval all over the country. The excellent discipline and the unusually broad range of study offered have justly rendered the Bridgeport High School one of the most famous in the State. Two extensive school-houses, of a most attractive architectural style and approved internal arrangement, were erected in 1884. A worthy precedent was established in 1885 by the donation by Hon. P. T. Barnum of $1,000 for the awarding each year of two gold medals to the two schol- ars in the High School "who shall write and publicly pronounce the best two English orations." One interesting fact recently brought out is the discovery by statistics, that the cost per scholar of maintaining the schools in Bridgeport is the lowest of any city in the State, being $15.43 for each scholar a year. This demonstrates, in connection with the unexcelled advantages offered, a most excellent wisdom in the application of funds and an enviable simplicity of machinery in the management of the educational interests. One of the most successful teachers Bridgeport ever had, as well as one of those who have done most to perfect the school system, is Miss Lydia R. Ward. In private schools, Bridgeport has always been highly favored, and in particular the Golden Hill Seminary and the Hillside Seminary are two of the best known young ladies' boarding schools in this part of the country, drawing a large patronage from the best families of New York and other cities. Bridgeport has always felt a most decided interest in literary, scientific and social affairs. The old " Philomathean Society " bears ample evidence to the strength of their regard for the former.- This society was organized in 1855, and contained many of the most cultured men of the city, some of whom have since won high honors in professional life. It continued its debates and literary work up to 1866. Of late years, several successful reunions have revived the recollection of how popular it was and how much good it did. The Bridgeport Scientific Society, organized in 1877, has had a prosperous and progressive existence. Among its early officers were President H. N. Powers, D. D. ; Vice-President, Clarence Sterling; Secretary, Geo. C. Waldo; Treasurer, T. E. Peck; Librarian, Leonard Sterling; Historian, Annie Sterling. Much valuable scientific research and experimentation has been done, particularly in the line of botany. A large herbarium, in addition to an extensive museum and library have been collected within its rooms in the Wales Building on Main Street. Bridgeport has possessed a large number of able papers since it first emerged into some faint resemblance to a town. The date of their commencement has been as follows: The Bridgeport Farmer, originally started as the Republican Farmer in 1790, ran successfully until the time of the Civil War, when it aroused much open hostility for its disloyal sentiments. Since that time it has continued to grow and to prosper, until it has come to occupy a leading position among the great journals of the State. The American Telegraph was started in 1795, by Lazarus Beach but did not survive many years. The Bridgeport Herald, started in 1805; the Bridgeport Advertiser, 1806; the Connecticut Courier, 1810; the Connecticut Patriot, 1826; the Spirit of the Times, 1831; the Bridgeport Chronicle, 1848; the first Bridgeport Leader, 1854; all these had a comparatively brief and unimportant existence. The initial number of the Republican >Sta?idard was published by A. A. Petten- gill, editor and proprietor, in 1839. Mr. Pettengill about the same time purchased BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 45 the Bridgeport Republican, originally started in 1830, and in 1848 he took Julius S- Hanover as a partner into the management of the Standard. A daily issue was begun in 1854. The management of the paper passed from the hands of Pettengill and Hanover into the control of John D. Candee, in 1863. The chief editorial work has since been done by Mr. Candee. The Standard Association, with a capital stock of 830,000, and Mr. Candee as president, was organized in 1867. Mr. Geo. C. Waldo was associated with Mr. Candee as assistant editor in 1867, and at the present time the business management is under the charge of Mr. A. Wheeler. The Standard has always been thoughtful and active in promoting the best interests of the city. The Bridgeport Sun, a leading weekly, was first published in 1867, by William H. May, who has continued as editor ever since, as the Budget. Captain May gained editorial celebrity during the war by publishing the only successful paper — The Old Flag— issued by prisoners in the hands of the enemy. The pungent style and inde- pendent spirit of the Sun have made it at once respected and liked. The Morning Netos was originally published by Major Henry M. Hoyt, L. C. Prindle and John Beardsley in 1874, and after a discontinuance of several years was again started by Major Hoyt, with the assistance of A. W. French and T. W. Wood, in 1879. Rufus A. Lyon and L. C. Prindle took control of the paper in February, 1885, and in December of the same year the sole interest of editorial and business management was vested in Mr. Prindle. For six or seven years the News has been one of the most popular mediums of accurate and early reports of events in all parts of the world. One of the most successful newspaper ventures of recent years is the Evening Post, first issued by George W. Hills, in 1883, as a four-column sheet, about the size a "handkerchief," as a contemporary remarked. Within three months it had in- creased to five columns; six months saw it a six-column paper, and in a little over a year after its inception, it had become a seven-column daily, the exact size and make up of the New York Sun. George W. Hills assumed a partnership with his brother Henry M. Hills, in January, 1885, forming the firm of Hills Brothers. The Post has met with great success, its circulation and advertising patronage steadily increasing and placing it in the front rank among the leading papers of this part of the State. Like the Morning Neios and Sun it is " independent in all things." The Bridgeport Public Library and Reading Room has played an important part in the literary culture of the people. It was started about 1830, and continued a free library until 1857, when the Bridgeport Library Association was formed and for more than twenty years it was carried on as a subscription library, a fee being charged for membership. In 1881, as the result of a movement in which Judge D. B. Lockwood, Clarence Sterling and John D. Candee took a prominent part, a "free public library " was established, which received the volumes of the old association and as- sumed all of its debts. The original officers were : President, W. D. Bishop; Vice- President, John D. Candee; Secretary, Charles Sherwood; Treasurer, William B. Hincks; Directors: Frederick Hurd, W. J. Hills, S. S. Blake and Bernard Winghofer. The library has since met with unvarying success, receiving the support of the best citizens of the city. Among the more important donations which it has received are the following : The gift of one hundred dollars from Mrs. James C. Loomis; the donation of one thousand dollars worth of new books from the Hon. P. T. Barnuin, 46 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. and the bequeath by Mrs. Catherine A. Pettengill in January 1883," of the valuable and beautiful structure called the "Burroughs Building," to be converted into a permanent home for the library. The number of volumes now in the library is in the neighborhood of the seventeen thousand, and the present membership is about seven thousand. The Rev. Horatio Nelson Powers, D.D., was a resident of Bridgeport and Rector of Christ Church of this city from 1875 until 1885. He exercised a powerful influ- ence for higher education and culture during his residence here. He was one of the founders and first President of the Bridgeport Scientific Society. Valuable literary contributions were made by him to such periodicals as Harper's Magazine, Century, LippincotVs, International Review, Critic, Independent, and he was the American contributor to the prominent French journal, JO Art. He wrote the following works: " Through the Year," " Early and Late," a volume of poems, and " A Brief Biog- raphy of William Cullen Bryant." Among his celebrated literary friends were Bay- ard Taylor, Bryant, and Philip Gilbert Hamerton of England. The influence of such gifted men as Dr. Powers has been like seed sown on good ground. The Rev. Charles Ray Palmer was born in New Haven, May 2, 1834. He grad- uated at Yale University in the Class of '55, and at Andover Theological Seminary in 1859. After a pastorate of twelve years at the Tabernacle Church in Salem, Mass., he came to Bridgeport to take charge of the First Congregational Church in whose service he devoted his untiring energies until the close of his life. The beau- tiful serenity of his character and the powerful, though unconscious expression of his loving humanity were as strong aids to noble thinking and loving in others as the outward influence which he exerted through his sermons and poems. It is as a writer of sacred hymns that " Ray Palmer " will be chiefly remembered as a brilliant member of our list of American poets. There is no question that he was the greatest composer of sacred hymnology this country has ever had, and some of his best poems, as " My faith looks up to Thee," will remain as master-pieces of the English language. His recent death has caused universal sorrow in the hearts of those whom he had cheered and strengthened by his beautiful poems. The Rev. John Lyon is another of the literary men to whom Bridgeport owes much of its high culture. Born in Glasgow, Scotland, in December, 1844, he studied at Glasgow University,- and came to this country in 1867. He accepted the call of the Bridgeport First Universalist Church in 1876, and since that time has labored assiduously here for the advancement of morality and the right. He has contrib- uted many powerful articles to the great journals and periodicals, and at the present time is about to publish a novel entitled "Vergilia, a Tale of the Primitive Church." He received the honorary degree of A.M. from Tufts College in 1886. During the dark days of the Revolution, the Rev. Robert Ross, the pastor of the Congregational Church in Stratfield at that time, composed several stirring patriotic poems, and at a later date some school text-books of value. Of recent years the can- didate for Holy Orders from Christ Church parish, C. W. de L. Nichols has attained favorable criticisms for articles on historical, literary and philosophical subjects. Bridgeport has always had an abundance of warm social feeling which is charac- teristic of New England, as, among other things the number and prosperity of her societies will testify. The third lodge of Free and Accepted Masons in Connecticut was chartered at Stratfield, February 12, 1762, as the "St. John's Lodge." The BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 47 lodge continued to meet in Stratfield for sometime, but was removed to Fairfield December, 1762, where it remained until it was moved to Bridgeport again in 1789. Since the beginning of the century, the lodge has grown steadily in numbers and influence, despite the adverse criticism temporarily excited in 1831 and 1832 by the troubles in New York State, and at the present time it numbers about five hundred. Other Masonic organizations have been formed in Bridgeport in the following chron- ological order : Jerusalem Chapter, No. 13, R. A. M., 1813; Jerusalem Council, No. 16, R. andS. M., 1S27; The Hamilton Commandery, No. 5, Knights Templar, with sixteen charter members, in May, 1858; De Witt Clinton Lodge of Perfection, in May, 1858; Pequonnock Chapter, R. C, June 1, 1858; Washington Council, P. of J., June 1, 1858; Lafayette Consistory, S. P. of R. S., June 1, 1S58; Corinthian Lodge, No. 104, F. and A. M., was founded in 1868, and at the present time it numbers about one hundred members. Pequonnock Lodge, No. 4, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was the fourth organized in the State, receiving its charter in 1841. The society prospered for a number of years until the approach of the war drew away attention temporarily from social matters, so that the Pequonnock Lodge had to be abandoned in 1860. The charter of Pequonnock Lodge was renewed in 1869, and the society has since met with unalloyed prosperity. Its present handsome rooms in the Burroughs building were first occupied in 1873. Steuben Lodge, No. 83, was chartered in April 1867, being chiefly composed of Germans, and has continued to increase stead- ily in numbers and wealth. The lodge formerly met in a hall on Water street, but since 1879 it has occupied the beautifully arranged and adorned rooms in Stanton Block. Lessing Lodge, No. 94, was established in 1874, as an offshoot of Steuben Lodge, and Arcanum Lodge was chartered in 1875. In 1876, the first lodge was established in East Bridgeport under the name of the Harris, No. 99, ond its success has been exceptional since the beginning. In addi- tion to these lodges of the I. O. O. F., two Encampments have been established; the Stratfield, No. 23, in 1869, with a present membership of one hundred, and the Bridgeport, No. 22, established in 1870, numbering at the present time about ninety members. About four hundred of the Bridgeport Odd Fellows belong to the Mutual Aid Association of that Order while several of the lodges give extra aid, in addition to the regular benefits given by the Order to members during sickness. The whole amount which has accrued to Bridgeport members of the I. O. O. F. from benefit funds since 186 7 is in the neighborhood of $18,000; the whole number of members who have joined the organization since that time is estimated to be about twelve hundred. There are besides these organizations in Bridgeport, some fifty other social bodies of which fifteen are temperance societies. Among these latter are the follow- ing: Pequonnock Lodge, No. 30, Good Templars, organized March 22, 1866; Non- pareil Lodge, No. 187, Good Templars; Living Spring Division, No. 22, Sons of Temperance; Bridgeport Division, No. 24, Sons of Temperance; St. Mary T. A. B. Society, organized in May, 1868; Father Matthew Young Men's T. A. B. Society, organized in October, 1868; St. Patrick's T. A. B. Society, organized in October, 1868; Crystal Fount Temple of Honor and Temperance; The Women's Christian Temperance Union. Among the other organizations are a Bible Society, a Medical Association, a 48 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. Dramatic Society, the Knights of Pythias, the Knights of Honor, the Firemen's Benevolent Association, the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the St. George, Caledonian and Emmett Clubs, and the Ladies' Charitable Society. SEASIDE INSTITUTE, COR. ATLANTIC AND LAFAYETTE AVENUES. This building is being erected by Warner Brothers for the use of their em- ployes, and will be completed about September 1, 1887. It will comprise a Restau- rant, Free Reading-Room, Library, Bath-Rooms, a large Public Hall, and rooms for Evening Classes. It is a very substantial and elegant building, and will cost, when complete, about $60,000. The Young Men's Christian Association was first organized in Bridgeport in 18G8 and achieved valuable results in religious and social work during the next four years, after which it was discontinued for a time. The association was reorganized in June, 1883, and was incorporated in February, 1884. Mr. W. E. Colby, the General- Secretary of the Salem, Mass., Association, was secured for the new Bridgeport As- sociation, and gave valuable assistance in the inauguration of successful Avork. He has continued to serve the Association up to the present time, uniting in his manage- ment of the affairs of the Association an unusual executive ability with that broad acquaintance with men and methods so essential in this department of Christian Avork. The beautiful building now occupied by the Association Avas first made its home in BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 49 November, 1883. As the Association has been increasing rapidly, it lias gradually outgrown the limits of its present home and is spreading out its work in every direc- tion. Sunday afternoon services are held every week in the Association Hall at four •o'clock. Religious meetings are also held during the week. One of the most effec- tive of its departments is the educational, where instruction is given in vocal music, penmanship, book-keeping and other practical studies. Special attention is given to the subject of physical culture, and arrangements made so that its members can develop their bodily powers to their highest efficiency. Social work is made the recipient of much care and effort, while departments are maintained for employment boarding-houses, and boys. The present officers of the Association are: President, Dr. I. DeVer Warner, vice-presidents, Daniel W". Kissam, Daniel E. Marsh, Marshall E. Morris; treasurer, Francis W. Marsh; recording secretary, Dr. W. II. Donaldson; general secretary, W. E. Colby; auditor, Geo. Munger. The zeal with which this important work is carried on and the valuable results obtained seem in characteris- tic keeping with the city itself. Bridgeport has never lost the interest in the church for which the early fathers were so noted. At the present time there are twenty-two large and active churches in the city, consisting of five Episcopal, five Methodist, four Congregational, four Catholic, two Baptist, one Presbyterian and one German Reformed, besides a large number of smaller Christian organizations and Mission Chapels. Bridgeport may well be called, as is Brooklyn, N. Y., the " city of churches." The whole atmosphere of the city seems to partake of that busy, genial spirit which enlivens its inhabitants, and the stranger can not long remain within its boundaries without feeling not only that he has come to a thoroughly awakened modern city, but also that he is in the midst of a people who have for generations been noted for the high culture and genial courtesy which help to constitute the noblest manhood. 50 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. CHAPTER VII. BIOGRAPHICAL. As a result of the valuable and scholarly researches of the Rev. Samuel Orcutt,. whose exhaustive History of Bridgeport it has been our privilege to consult, the biography of modern Bridgeport is unusually full and interesting, and we accord- ingly desire to give a few of the more important facts in regard to the life and work of such of our prominent citizens as have not already been mentioned, disclaim- ing all attempts at a complete record, which would be impossible within our space, and referring all desiring fuller and more detailed information in this department to the great historical work of Mr. Samuel Orcutt. The leading facts will be grouped under the individual names of our principal citizens. James Walker Beardslet is a native of Monroe, Connecticut, and a descendant in regular line from William Beardsley one of the early settlers of Stratford. He is deeply interested in antiquarian research, in which field he has accomplished much valuable work in the way of local historical matter. He is a fitting type and repre- sentative of the progressive yet conservative New England farmers, who have done so much for the advancement of the city and State, and his name will be gratefully remembered as long as the city exists and enjoys the beauties and health-giving, privileges of Beardsley Park. Sidney B. Beardsley was born in Monroe, Connecticut, August 20, 1822, being the son of Cyrus H. and Maria (Burr) Beardsley, and a descendent of one of the oldest and best families of the State. After receiving a thorough education at Wilton Academy and Yale College, he studied law with Reuben Booth of Danbury, and was admitted to the bar at Norwalk in 1843. Since 1866 he has resided and practiced at Bridgeport. He was State Senator in 1858, and was elected Judge of the Superior Court in 1874. He ranks among the leading masters of jurisprudence in the State. Alfred Bishop was born in Stamford, Connecticut, December 21, 1798, being the son of William and Susannah Bishop, and a descendant in a direct line from the Rev. John Bishop, the second minister of Stamford. After several years of exper- ience in teaching school at Stamford and at farming in New Jersey, where he made experiments in transporting earth, etc., and educated himself for his great career as a canal and railroad contractor, he entered upon this work, and among the greatest achievements he made after that time were the Morris canal in New Jersey; the bridge over the Raritan at New Brunswick; the Housatonic, Berkshire, Washington & Saratoga, Naugatuck, and New York & New Haven railroads, for all of which he was the chief contractor. He was engaged in immense operations up to almost the last moment of life, and his sudden death, June 11, 1849, was a great loss and bereavement to Bridgeport, where for a number of years previous he had made his. home. BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 51 Rev. Ethan Ferris Bishop was born in Madison, New Jersey, March 27, 1825. He was a son of Alfred and Mary Ferris Bishop. Like his father, lie early became interested in railroad matters, was president of the Naugatuck Railroad from 1851 to 1855, and held important interests in the New York & New Haven, Washington & Saratoga, Milwaukee & Chicago, Milwaukee & Watertown, Dubuque & Sioux City, and the Bridgeport Steamboat Co. He studied law and was admitted to the bar but never practiced. He was also a deep and earnest student of theology, for which his mind seemed admirably fitted. He died in Bridgeport, December 7, 1883. Hon. William D. Bishop, also a son of Alfred Bishop, was likewise distinguished in the railroad enterprises of the State. He was for several years at a critical time in its history, president of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Com- pany, and has been one of the most influential directors of the road for many years. He graduated from Yale College in 1849; represented this district in the National Congress from 1859-61, where he took an active part in the important discussions of the time; was a representative of Bridgeport in the State Legislature for 1871, and a State Senator in 1877 and 1878. Dr. Isaac Bronson was born in Middlebury, Connecticut, March 10, 1760. He served as a surgeon to the Continental army throughout the Revolutionary War, and after a journey to Europe and India, settled in Philadelphia in 1792, where for a number of years he practiced his profession with great renown during the dreaded yellow fever epidemics, and laid the fonndation of marked financial success. He came to Greenfield Hill, Connecticut, in 1796, and in 1807 was elected first president of the Bridgeport Bank, which office he held with honor for twenty-one years. He died at the age of 80, May 19, 1839. John Dutton Candee was born in Pompey, Onondaga County, New York, June 12, 1819. His parents removed to Connecticut about 1825, and his father having died in the year following, his mother with six children made her home in New Haven, where Mr. Candee spent a great part of his youth. Since the age of nine he has supported himself entirely, without any assistance from relative or friend. At thirteen he entered upon work in a printers' office as "roller boy," and during the next ten years gained a thorough mastery of the business. He earned his way through Yale College, graduating in the Class of 1847, and from the Law School in the Class of 1849. After a long and honorable career in the practice of his profes- sion in Iowa and New Haven, and a few months' experience in the editorial manage- ment of the New Raven Morning Journal and Courier, he came to Bridgeport and purchased a two-thirds interest in the daily and weekly Standard, September, 1863, which during the last twenty-four years he has conducted with marked ability, devoting every talent and energy to the service of the people, advocating fearlessly all movements in behalf of right and progress, and exercising a wide influence for the best welfare of the city. Major Frederick Frye was born in 1824, and was the son of Daniel M. Frye, of New York city, grandson of Capt. Frederick Frye, and great-grandson of Colonel James Frye, of Andover, Massachusetts, who fought with distinguished honor at the battle of Bunker Hill, receiving wounds which eventually caused his death. Major Frye was a graduate of Columbia College, and at the time of the war was practicing law in Bridgeport. Being the last descendant of such a honorable line of warrior ancestors, he naturally enlisted among the first as a captain in the Third Connecticut 52 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. Regiment and afterward as a captain in the Ninth, serving with valor worthy of his name and race at Bull Run, New Orleans, Port Hudson, Cedar Creek, Five Forks, and many other great battles throughout the war, receiving the promotion to Major for his gallant services. At the close of the war he settled in New Orleans as a lawyer and took an active part in the reconstruction work, being at one time Justice of the Sixth District of New Orleans. He was obliged to leave the law on account of ill health, and occupied a clerkship in the Custom House until his death, June 22, 1881. Hon. Epaphros Burr Goodsell was born in 1817 at Brookfield, Connecticut. After receiving the best common school education in his native town, and an experi- ence as merchant, manufacturer and postmaster at Kent, Connecticut, he came to Bridgeport in 1848, where he was soon recognized as a prominent citizen, and was appointed to the postmastership of the city in 1852, by President Franklin Pierce. He administered the office with great success and popularity for eight years, until the election of Lincoln and change of parties. He held the mayorality of the city for 1871-2-3, beside other important offices and trusts. He was a prominent Christ- ian worker and philanthropist, and one of the founders of the Trinity Episcopal Church, of which he was Junior Warden at the time of his death, October 10, 1884. He was widely respected and admired for his noble Christian character, and the persist- ent spirit of progress which had rendered him a most successful " self-made " man. William B. Hall is a native of Springfield, Massachusetts, and a son of Will- iam Stewart Hall, of Wallingford. He began his successful career as a business man as a clerk in the store of T. P. Chapman of New Haven, July 15, 1846. Four years later he came to this city and engaged himself to the firm of E. Birdsey & Co., dry-goods merchants, with whom he remained until 1857, when he formed a part- nership with Mr. D. M. Read, under the firm name of Hall & Read. This company was dissolved in 1877, after twenty years of great progress, and since that time Mr. Hall has conducted the immense and growing interests of the firm of W. B. Hall & Company with such remarkable success, that the building of the company has had to be enlarged several times, and the custom and reputation of the house have attained a wide recognition throughout the United States. Sherman Hartwell was one of the most influential business men of the city during the middle part of the present century. He was elected president of the Bridgeport Bank in 1849, and for twenty years continued to overlook its affairs with wisdom, the period being one of the most progressive and prosperous in the history of the bank. In 1869 he was obliged to positively decline a reelection to the presi- dency, at which time the following resolution was passed by the board of directors: " Resolved, That the thanks of the board are due and are hereby tendered to Sher- man Hartwell for efficient and valuable services as president of this bank for the last twenty years, and as evidence of the prosperity of the bank it may be stated that it has, during the said twenty years, paid its stockholders in dividends the sum of $430,700, on a capital of $212,000, and increased its surplus $40,000." After a long and distinguished business career, Mr. Hartwell departed this life January 16, 1876. Abijah Haw t ley was one of the leading merchants of Bridgeport at its first advent into prominence as a commercial center, and came of one of the oldest and wealthiest families of this vicinity. He carried on an extensive shipping trade, chiefly with Boston and the West Indies, about the beginning of the present century, and was prominent and influential in the establishment of the Bridgeport Bank. BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 53 Rev. Gideon Hawley was born in Stratfield, November 5, 1727. He came of an old and honored family, his parents being Gideon and Eunice (Jackson) Hawley. He graduated at Yale College in 1749, and was licensed to preach by the Fairfield East Association in 1750. He early resolved to be a missionary to the Indians, and first at Stockbridge, Massachusetts, then among the Iroquois on the Susquehanna River, and later among the Marshpee tribe, he labored unceasingly for fifty years with an unselfish devotion and powerful love which have made him one of the most honored of the early missionaries to this persecuted race. Munson Hawley, son of Abijah Hawley, the pioneer merchant, succeeded his father as one of the leading and successful business men of Bridgeport. In 1869 he was elected president of the Bridgeport National Bank, which office he has continued to hold during the last eighteen years, and has administered with marked ability, economy, and uninterrupted success. He was mayor of the city in 1866 and 1868, and has for many years taken a leading part in the advancement all along the line of the highest welfare of Bridgeport. Alfred Charles Hobbs was born in Boston, Massachusetts, October 7, 1812, the son of John L. Hobbs of London, England, an expert carpenter and joiner. Left an orphan by the death of his father when he was three years old, Mr. Hobbs spent most of his youth in helping his mother in the support of the family. He tried vari- ous trades in his young manhood, including those of farmer, dry-goods merchant, wood-carving, sailor, carriage painting and making, tin plating, coach trimming and harness making, none of which succeeded in satisfying his inventive mind. Finally as an accessory of glass-making he began to work upon locks, and found the field in which he was to obtain world-wide fame. He entered the partnership of Jones & Hobbs, and for five years carried on the lock business in Boston. After this firm Avas dissolved Mr. Hobbs went to New York, where he connected himself with Edwards & Holman, lock and safe makers, and later with the celebrated bank lock makers, Day & Newell. During all this time he had been perfecting his knowledge of locks, and now entered upon a career as an expert in locks and demonstrator of their true character, which has probably never been equalled. He was so remarkably skillful in the opening of locks which had always been considered invulnerable that he received the commendation of the Treasury Department at Washington and many prominent business men all over the country. In a visit which he made to England in 1851 he was honored with the approbation and admiration of the Duke of Wellington, Queen Victoria, and many other prominent members of the royal family. His career at the Crystal Palace and as the opener of such celebrated locks as the " Brahma " and " Chubb " was one continued ovation, and dm-ing his residence of nine years in London he received distinguished honors as a talented scientist and operator. He established an extensive business, which grew to be so famous that on his return to America in 1860, a large premium was paid for the privilege of retain- ing his name in that of the firm. He was the chief superintendent of Elias Howe's great machine factories in Bridgeport for four years, and in 1865 became the man- ager of the manufacturing department of the Metallic Cartridge Company of this city, which has since grown rapidly and been greatly prospered under his successful supervision. Captain George Hoyt was a native and prominent citizen of Bridgeport during its early commercial history. In his youth he was a seaman, and later, at the organ- 54 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. ization of the Bridgeport Bank he was elected its first cashier, which office he dis- charged with great honor and ability up to the time of his death, July, 1825. Captain Salmon Hubbell was another of our early business men, who played an important part in building up the trade of the young town. He came to Bridgeport from Wilton about 1790, and for more than twenty years successfully conducted a dry goods and grocery business here. He was a captain and paymaster in the Con- tinental Army during the Revolution, and fought with the gallant company that captured Stony Point under General "Mad Anthony " Wayne. He was elected in 1820 to be the first town clerk of Bridgeport, whieh duty he fulfilled with general approbation for several years, his records being still preserved, written in an unu- sually elegant penmanship and style. Philo Hurd was born July 25, 1795, in Brookfield, Connecticut, where he ob- tained a thorough common school education and an invaluable practical knowledge upon his father's farm. At the age of fifteen, after a short period of study at a private school, he began his commercial life at the store of Oliver Warner, in New Milford, where he obtained considerable success until after the war of 1812. In company with Frank Taylor, he opened a dry goods store at Augusta, Georgia, in 1816, and after a prosperous career there spent a few years in business at Darien, Connecticut. He and his brother, Samuel Ferris Hurd, started a dry goods store in this city in 1S23, under the name of P. & S. F. Hurd. He also engaged in the coast- ing and whaling interests, and was sheriff for a term of ten years. In 1838 he first became interested in railroad affairs, with which he was afterward so intimately and and successfully connected, having taken a prominent part in the inception of the Housatonic, New York & New Haven, Naugatuck, and Madison & Indianapolis railroads, and been vice-president of the Hudson River Railroad, and president of the New York & Harlem, which latter road owes a large share of its prosperity to his self-sacrificing efforts. He was active and prominent in the civil, religious and charitable affairs of Bridgeport. He died August 14, 1885, at the age of 90, having accomplished a work which in magnitude and influence is granted to few men in this life. William S. Knowlton was born in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, September 27, 1810. He learned the occupation of a cutler in his youth but soon abandoned it for the field of music, graduating at a leading conservatory and producing many well- known and admired compositions between 1838 and 1842. After 1848 he was exten- sively engaged in railroad work and formed a copartnership which received many large contracts, including much work on the New York & New Haven. He was the contractor of the Congress Street Bridge, besides many other large works in the city, and ever took great interest in forwarding her prosperity. Colonel Julius M. Knowlton is the son of Wm. S. Knowlton and was born November 28, 1838, in Southbridge, Massachusetts. He received the greater part of his education in the public and private schools of Bridgeport, beiDg particularly pro- ficient in mathematics and civil-engineering. For a year or so before the war he was engaged in the coal business here, and enlisted as a private in Co. A, Fourteenth; Connecticut Volunteers, being soon promoted to the position of commissary sergeant and within a few months to be brigade commissary under General Dwight Morris. He served with distinction and praise at Antietam, by unparallelled efforts bringing his supplies to the fiont and being the first to furnish provisions to a brigade on the BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 55 field. He was promoted to the second lieutenancy of Company C of the Fourteenth, and commanded his company in the battle of Gettysburg, where he received several wounds which incapacitated him for further active service during the war. He has since been connected with the Adams Express Company in this city; was one of the three purchasers of the Standard, in 1863, and for ten years secretary, treasurer and business manager of the company; was superintendent of the Moore Car Wheel Company of Jersey City; and chief of the dead letter division of the post office department of the United States at Washington, which he administered with signal fidelity and success until 1875, when he was appointed to the postmastership of Bridgeport. This office he conducted with much more than ordinary devoted care and vigor, which were very thoroughly appreciated by the people. He was a member of Governor Jewell's staff, ranking as colonel, has served several years in the legislature and Republican State Committee, besides holding many other important positions of honor and trust in the city and Grand Army. Rowland Bradley Lacey was born in Easton, Connecticut, April 6, 1818, an only son of Jesse and Edna (Mason) Lacey. He received his education at the district school, Mr. Eli Gilbert's select school in Redding, and the Easton Academy. Before he was sixteen years of age he was teaching school, and at the age of eighteen came to Bridgeport and for four years was assistant postmaster of the borough. In 1839, he became Bridgeport agent of the Housatonic Railroad, and continued in rail- road work with success until 1844, when he entered the establishment of Messrs- Harral & Calhoun, saddle manufacturers. He soon became a member of the firm, and at the death of Mr. Harral in 1858, the name became Calhoun, Lacey & Co., and in 1863 was changed to Lacey, Meeker & Co. He was one of the most active and successful of our self-made business men and has always been intimately connected with the best interests of the city, including the fire department, educational depart- ment, Common Council, as city auditor, in all of which and in other fields he has contributed inestimably to the advancement and well being of the city. His work in the line of local history has been particularly valuable and to no other man now living is it more due that the historical archives of Bridgeport are so unusually and richly supplied. Rev. Peter Lockwood was born in Bridgeport, February S, 1798. He was the third son of Lambert and Elizabeth Lockwood, descended from one of the oldest Puritan families. He entered Yale College in 1813, at the age of fifteen, graduating there in 1817, and at the Andover Theological Seminary in 1820. He engaged in evangelistic work in New York and Richmond, Virginia, for the next three years, after which he engaged in pastoral and educational work in Western New York State, dying at Binghamton, New York, November 16, 1882, after over sixty years of happy and successful Christian service. Hon. James C. Loomis was born April 24, 1807, in Windsor, Connecticut. He prepared for college at the Hartford Grammar School, entering Yale in 1824 and graduating with honors in 1828. He studied law at Charlotteville, Virginia, and under Judge Clark Bissell of Norwalk, and was admitted to the bar of Fairfield County in 1832. After several years of successful practice at Saugatuck (Westport), he removed to Bridgeport in 1840 and immediately took a high rank in his profes- sion and judicial affairs of the city. He was city attorney for several years; mayor of the city in 1843; represented Bridgeport several times in both houses of the State BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESET T. Legislature; was a member of the Corporation of Yale College; and president of the Fairfield County Bar Association, Board of Education, Mountain Grove Cemetery Association and the Bridgeport Library Association, besides holding many other important trusts. His influence as first president of the Board of Education, com- missioner of "Seaside Park, and many other movements for the good of the city, endeared him to all the citizens and has placed his name among the greatest and most public spirited men of Bridgeport. He died September 16, 1877. Daniel Nash Morgan was born in Newtown, Connecticut, August 18, 1844, His father was Ezra Morgan, of Redding, descended from one of the oldest families in the State, and was one of the most prominent public men of his part of the State^ representing Newtown in the legislature for several years and holding many import- ant offices. Daniel Morgan commenced his mercantile career in his father's store at the age of sixteen, and soon after attaining his majority came to Bridgeport and engaged himself as clerk to Taylor & Joyce, dry goods merchants. He has since been a member of several leading business firms of Bridgeport including those of Birdsey & Morgan, and Morgan, Hopson & Co. He has served the city as member of the Common Council for two years, member of the Board of Education, Mayor in 1880 and 1884, member of the lower house of legislature in 1883 and State Senator 1 884-1 886. He has held the position of President of the City National Bank since 1879, is first vice-president of the Mechanics and Farmers Savings Bank, and a director of the Bridgeport Hospital, having led in these and many other important works for the good of the city for many years. Henry R. Parrott, son of Frederick W. and Lucella (Remer) Parrott, was born in Bridgeport, January 4, 1829. His education was obtained in the private schools of Bridgeport and the Danbury Academy. He started in business at the dry goods store of Beers & Oviatt, and for a number of years gained valuable experience in the employ of James W. Beach, E. Birdsey & Co., and the Adams Express Co. In 1869 he organized the Parrott Varnish Company, which he has since conducted with unwavering success. He has taken an active part in the civil affairs, having been for several years a member of the Board of Aldermen, Common Council, and Board of Police Commissioners. He has for many years advocated and aided in working for a parallel road between New York and Boston, and is at present the president of the New York and Connecticut Air Line Railway Company, which owes its prosperity and almost its existence to his energy and wise efforts. Henry Seymour Sanford was born in 1832, and was the only son of David C. Sanford, Judge of the Supreme Court of Connecticut. He graduated from Yale College with honors in the Class of 1 852, and practiced law in New Milford from 1854 to 1864, since which time he has resided in Bridgeport. Notwithstanding the fact that he suffered so severe an injury in 1861 as to render him totally unable to walk, and has since suffered greatly from paralysis, Mr. Sanford by heroic- efforts, has practiced his profession here successfully since 1864, and built up a prac- tice not surpassed by any other in the county. In 1863 he published a letter in the New York Times which aroused such leading philanthropists as Henry Bergh, H. B. Claflin, and others, and was the direct cause of the organization in New York of a Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and of similar societies all over the country. This is a work in which Mr. Sanford has been deeply interested, and through which he has accomplished untold good. He was founder of the New Mil- BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 57 E VIEW AT BLACK ROCK. ford Society, which has become the model of more than three hundred other similar Hon. Philo Clark Calhoun was horn December 4, 1810, in Danbury, Connect- icut, of an old and honored family, being related to the Hon. John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. He started in business at Bridgeport about 1826, entering the saddle and harness business with Lyon, Wright & Co., and soon afterward was sent by the firm to Charleston, South Carolina, where he established a store, and returning to Bridgeport about 1834, soon established himself as one of our leading business men, which position he maintained during the w T hole time of his residence here. He was president of the Connecticut Bank for seventeen years, a member of the Bridge- port Common Council, and Board of Aldermen; Avas Mayor from 1855 to 1857; a member of both houses of the Legislature, and was most influential in all public measures relating to the city from 1850 to 1864. In that year he removed to New York city where as president of the Fourth National Bank he soon established it a& one of the largest deposit banks in the country. He held many other important offices and was one of the most noted and successful business men of the metropolis. He died March 14, 1882, having accomplished a great work and been an important factor in the progress of Bridgeport. Peter Foland was born in Scoharie county, New York, and for many years was engaged in the grocery and later in the hotel business at Albany, New York. After a long experience as hotel man he came to Bridgeport in 1880, and bought the At- lantic House, which he has since conducted in a liberal and enterprising manner,, fully in keeping with the spirit of the city. 58 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. Hon. Civilion Fones was born in Toronto, Canada, October 1, 1836, so that he is of the same age as the city of Bridgeport, of which he is the present Mayor. He is a descendant of two Huguenot families, and spent his early years in Canada and New York State, coming to Bridgeport first in 1858. He began life in the occupa- tion of his father, as architect and builder, but after coming to Bridgeport entered the dental profession, studying first with Dr. D. H. Porter, of this city, later at Maryland Medical College and Baltimore Medical College. He has practiced suc- cessfully in this city for more than twenty-five years, and has gained the esteem of his colleagues and fellow-citizens. He was elected president of the Connecticut Val- ley Dental Association. He was elected to the Common Council of the city in 1884, served as Alderman in 1885, and Mayor in 1S86-7, which offices he has administered with distinguished ability and success. David Benjamin Lockwood, son of David and Abigail (Gray) Lockwood, was T)orn January 7, 1827, in Weston, and is a direct descendant of Robert Lockwood, who settled in Fairfield in 1649. After a preparatory course at Staples' Academy, Easton, Connecticut, he entered Wesleyan University in 1844 and graduated in 1849. He studied law under Hon. Thomas B. Osborne of Fairfield and Hon. Sidney B. Beardsley of Bridgeport, where he was admitted to practice in 1851, and continued here until 1856, when he removed to New York city. He served with distinction as a sergeant in the Second Connecticut Light Battery throughout the war, and after its close for a number of years performed editorial work upon the Bridgeport Stand- ard and Waterbury American. Since 1867 he has practiced his profession here with his former ability and success. He was Judge of the City Court of Bridgeport from 1869 to 1871, Representative to the Legislature in 1875 and 1883, and City Attorney of Bridgeport in 1SS0 and 1885. He took a leading part in the establish- ment of the Bridgeport Public Library and Reading Room, the Mechanics' and Farmers' Savings Bank and the Fairfield County Law Library Association, beside exercising a wide influence which has been beneficially felt in every important meas- ure for the public welfare, and has placed him in the leading ranks at the Fairfield County Bar. Frederick J. Lockwood is a son of Mr. Frederick Lockwood, one of the pioneers and important promoters of Bridgeport's business prosperity. Mr. F. J. Lockwood has also achieved marked success in commercial life and has been promi- nently connected for several years with the Bridgeport Savings Bank. David M. Read was born in Hoosac Falls, New York, and was a descendant by a regular line of five generations from Colonel Thomas Read, of Hertfordshire, England, who settled in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1630. He early removed with his parents to North Adams, Massachusetts, where he received his education, and after considerable business experience, came to Bridgeport and entered the employ of E. Birdsey, in 1857. In the same year he formed a partnership with Mr. W. B. Hail which lasted until 1877, since which time he has carried on his dry goods business as the senior partner of the firm of D. M. Read & Co., and engaged exten- sively in carpet manufacturing. Mr. Read has been president of the Bridgeport Board of Trade since its organization, a member of the Common Council, Board of Education, and State Legislature. He is vice-president of the City Savings Bank, a director in the Bridgeport National Bank, Mountain Grove Cemetery Association, and Fairfield County Agricultural Association, and has held the position of brigade- BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 59 commissary of the Connecticut National Guard with the rank of Major, besides other important offices. Isaac Sherman, Esq., was born in Stratfield, September 25, 1788, the son of David and Rebecca (French) Sherman, and descended from one of the earliest settlers of the colony. At the age of sixteen he tried four years of seafaring life and when twenty started in business for himself in the firm of Beach & Sherman. He soon became one of the leading merchants of the borough and accumulated a large property. He was one of the influential citizens of Bridgeport in its early days, having been town clerk from 1831 to 1847, and town treasurer for twenty-two years, beside holding the office of Judge of Probate, recorder of the city, and several others for a number of years. In his later years he wrote a historical work entitled " Esquire Sherman's Recollections," which is undoubtedly the most valuable document remaining to testify to the events in the early history of the city. No one better than old " Esquire Sherman " deserved the honorable title of " Father of the City." James Staples was bors in Swanville, Maine, January 19, 1824, and until he was seventeen years old spent most of his time upon his father's farm at that place. He then began teaching school, which continued to be his profession until 1854 when he made his home at Bridgeport and entered business, first as a lumber merchant and afterwards as a real estate and insurance broker. He has established himself as a leading business man and citizen, has taken an active and influential part in the doings of the Board of Trade and Board of Education, and in many ways has done much for the advancement of the city. Hon. Daniel H. Sterling was born in Bridgeport, July 10, 1819, and was a member of one of the oldest and most influential families in this section of the State, being a direct descendant from Jacob Sterling, who first settled in Stratford about 1708. He entered Yale in the Class of 1839, but later went to Union College, where he graduated with honors in 1S40. He then engaged in business in Bridgeport and in 1841 organized the firm of D. H. Sterling & Co. He continued during the next thirty-five years to be one of the most powerful business men in the city, and took an influential part in building up all her interests. He was the war mayor of Bridgeport, being elected in 1860, and reelected in 1861 and 1862, and performed distinguished services in that important and critical position. He was Vice-Presi- dent of the Board of Education, chairman of finance committee, and was a member of the Common Council and Board of Aldermen for many years, exercising a beneficial influence in all the public affairs of the city which has hardly been equalled by that of any other man in her history. Colonel Wm, H. Stevenson, son of Win. G. and Georgie T. Stevenson, was born in Bridgeport in 1847. Col. Stevenson prepared for college, but resolving to enter business, took a course at Eastman's National Business College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., where he graduated with the degree of Master of Accounts. He entered the Housa- tonic Railroad office at Bridgeport in 1864, and actively and permanently engaged in railroad life, being appointed Special Agent of the New York & New Haven Railroad in 1872, Paymaster of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad in 1878, Superintendent of the Shore Line Division in the same year, and Superintendent of the New York Division of the New York, New Haven & Hartford in 1882, which is one of the most important railroad positions in the country, and was administered 60 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. with great success. He is now Vice-Pres. of the Housatonic R. R. Col. Stevenson was a member of the Common Council in 1875, an alderman in 1876, 1877 and 1878,. was admitted to the Fairfield County Bar, after passing examinations, in the same year, was President of the Young Men's Democratic Cleveland and Hendrick's Club- in 1884, was appointed Aid-de-Camp with rank of Colonel on the Staff of Governor Waller in the same year, was President of the Eclectic Club of Bridgeport, Grand Master and General Aid of the I. O. O. F., a prominent Mason, President of the Association of American Railroad Superintendents, a Director of the Railway Tele- graph and numerous other companies and railways, beside having held many other prominent and influential positions, which give abundant evidence to the progressive- ness and energy of his active life. Charles S. Strattoist, otherwise and generally known as General Tom Thumb, was born in Bridgeport in 1837, and in 1842 was secured by Mr. Baruum as one of the most striking curiosities of his great show, he being at that time only two feet in height, yet perfectly formed and handsome. His father was Sherwood E. Stratton, of Bridgeport, and he came of an old family who had lived in this region for over a hundred years. General Tom Thumb had great success in New York, and in 1844 sailed for Europe with Mr. Barnum, where he received distinguished attention and honors from Queen Victoria, King Louis Ph.llippe, of France, and other prominent people, while he was greeted with enthusiasm in London, Paris and other great cities on the Continent. He returned to America after three years' absence, in 1847, hav- ing, before he was ten years old, accumulated a large fortune for his parents and himself, thirty thousand dollars of which were expended in the erection of a beautiful residence in this city. In 1862 Mr. Barnum added to his company the beautiful and highly educated young lady dwarf, Miss Lavinia Warren, and a genuine love and courtship sprang up between hei'self and Gen. Tom Thumb, resulting in the marriage of the two at Grace Church, New York City, February 10, 1863, which attracted the attention of the civilized world. From that time on they lived and traveled together to all appearances worthy to be numbered among the happiest married couples in America. Gen. Tom Thumb and his beautiful Avife visited Europe several times, and were probably introduced to a large majority of the present generation living in this, country. The General died at his beautiful home in Middleboro, Mass., July 15, 1883, and was buried in Bridgeport. This record of the public men of Bridgeport is one of which she may justly be proud, and their names and services will ever be cherished in the grateful memories of her citizens. BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 61 CHAPTER VIII. A MODERN CITY. In no other respect, perhaps, is the admirable foresight and care of the leading- citizens of Bridgeport more remarkably displayed for the present and all time, than in the many forms and ways in which the city has been and is being beautified as it has grown into large proportions. As a result we now have beautiful avenues and magnificent parks, which justly have won for Bridgeport the sobriquet of "Park •City," it being estimated by competent authorities that the city has one acre of park territory to every 170 of its population, "probably a larger park area to the number of inhabitants than any other city in the United States." Among other beautiful objects of interest it is right that we should consider the most important, the parks, first. These comprise the following: Seaside Park, one hundred acres in extent; Beard sley Park, one hundred and twenty-five acres; Washington Park and the Pa- rade Ground, about fifteen acres; in all two hundred and forty acres of park territory. Seaside Park is the result of a movement started in 1863, in which Hon. P. T. Barnum took the lead. His efforts were admirably seconded by Messrs. Frederick Hurd and James C. Loomis. Originally it was thirty-five acres in extent, of which Mr. Barnum gave seven. It has received many additions since, Mr. Barnum himself giving thirty acres more, and has been continually improved and adorned, until now it has few equals in New England. It is situated on the shore of Long Island Sound, about a mile out Main street from the post-office, and extends as far west as Black Rock Harbor. A striking picture of its situation and outlook is given by the fol- lowing sketch, which appeared in the Standard, October 1, 1S63, when the move- ment for the park was first started: "It is a beautiful piece of land, free from rocks, skirted for a considerable part of the way on the north by fine forest trees, and bounded on the south for its entire length by the sparkling waters of the Sound. From this water-front, which is cool and pleasant in the hottest days, a picturesque and enchanting water view is ob- tained. On the left, as we stand facing the harbor, is the city, with its tall spires and chimneys pointing skyward from among the trees; the harbor, dotted with its sailing craft; and the wooded point opposite with its cottages; to the west the green, sloping shores of Black Rock stretch far around to the lighthouse. Far away to tht south, across the Sound, rise the hills of Long Island, in picturesque beauty, while upon the intervening, placid waters, float a constant panorama of white-sailed vessels, passing up and down these blue waters of the Sound." Two beautiful monuments have been erected in the park and add to its attrac- tions. The first is in honor of the soldiers of the late war, and is a magnificent work of art, having cost about $30,000. Upon it are inscribed the names of the men who 62 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT VIEW IN SEASIDE PARK. died in the war. The movement to obtain it was started and conducted by the Ladies' Soldiers' Monument Association, being aided by a special appropriation of the town of Bridgeport. A fine statue of Elias Howe, Jr., also stands in the park, facing the Sound, and reminding visitors of what perseverance and skill can do in the achievement of success in life. There is also a trotting course in the pai'k, which is a model of its kind, having an amphitheater from eight to fifteen feet below the road-bed of the boulevard, and the race-course passing around a beautiful lake which is on a level with the surface of the Sound. The fine residence of Mr. Barnum, " Waldemere " (woods-by-the-sea), on the northern boun- dary of the park, together with several other residences, have a beautiful effect upon the scenery to one riding through the park. The princely gift of Beardsley Park, made to the city by Mr. James W. Beards- ley in 1878, has already been mentioned. This park is located in East Bridgeport, on the opposite side of the city from Seaside Park. In contrast to the sea-view of the latter, it presents beautiful woodland, hill and lakeside scenery, and thus the two together make Bridgeport unusually rich in this most important department of city life, the recreative. The other parks and greens are easily accessible and well worthy of a visit. There are seven cemeteries in Bridgeport. The Mountain Grove Cemetery is situated in the northwestern part of the city, and contains about eighty acres, admirably graded, adorned and maintained. It is bounded on the west by the pic- turesque stream known as Ash Creek, and at the entrance are a very beautiful stone tower and gateway. Pembroke Cemetery is situated near " Old Mill Green," in^ BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. 63. THE BAND STAND IN SEASIDE PARK. East Bridgeport, bordering on Stillman's Pond, and is about sixteen acres in extent. It is next to the oldest in the city, having been originally chartered in 1811. The Old Stratfield Burial Ground dates back to the earliest days of the colony and con- tains the earthly remains of many of the first settlers. It is therefore invested with peculiar reverence and interest, and has been preserved with scrupulous care. The tombstones present a strange and often very pathetic blending of the sincere reli- gious devotion and rude poetic art of the Puritanic days. This cemetery is located in the northwestern part of the city and will well repay a visit, as it is rich in his- toric associations. Park Cemetery is one of the most recent of all the cemeteries, having been first opened in 1878. It is situated in the northeastern section of Bridgeport. There are beside three Catholic cemeteries in the city, which are all finely situated and kept. « The Bridgeport Hospital, situated on Mill Hill avenue, is one of the largest and most admirably arranged institutions of its kind in the State. The first bequest was made by Mrs. Susan Hubbell, consisting of $13,500 and an acre of ground. Through the devoted efforts of Dr. George F. Lewis and others the fund was increased to 150,000, and the legislature granted $50,000 more and a charter in 1878. The building was completed in 1884, at an expense of over $100,000, and has since been maintained in a manner worthy both of the noble charity itself and the generous Christian humanity of the citizens of Bridgeport. Reference has already been made to the fine church edifices and school buildings of the city as well as the beautiful structures containing the public library, Y. M. C. <34 BRIDGEPORT, PAST AND PRESENT. A., and the various large societies of Bridgeport. Among other large and magnifi- cent business houses may be mentioned those of the Connecticut and Bridgeport National Banks, beside many others which are hardly surpassed by any in New England, or the country. The Bridgeport Post-office and City Hall building are situated on State street, and it is sufficient to say of all the departments of the city government that they are executed with the same energy and attentive care which have marked the whole history of Bridgeport. Hawes' Opera House, situated on Fairfield avenue, affords entertainment of the highest order to the citizens, and the best companies of the country are accustomed to give productions there. The beautiful shaded avenues of Bridgejjort make pleasant drives in all direc- tions, and are the pride of the city. In this short sketch, of what to us seems a model modern city, we have been able to give only a few outline pictures, and trust that our readers will fill in the details by a practical experience of the unexcelled beauties of the justly renowned "Park City." AD1NG BUSINESS MEN Of BRIDG ID i WN the following pages will be found a brief review of the principal Business |§| firms of Bridgeport. While the majority are old established houses and leaders in every sense of the word, we have mentioned others who, though recently established, are, through their enterprise and ability, deserving of notice. We commend these firms, as a whole, to the favorable attention of all. W. B. Hall & Company, Dry Goods, Fancy Goods, Cloaks, Suits, etc., Coiner Main and Cannon Streets. — Among the large dry goods houses in New England, none stand higher in the estimation of the community than that of W. B. Hall & Co., whose mammoth store — erected for them — is located at the corner of Main and Cannon streets. This business was established in 1878 by W. B. Hall & Co., and has since been conducted with great enterprise and energy by these gen- tlemen. Everything usually found in a first- class dry goods store may be obtained here. A large and complete stock of dress goods includ- ing silks, velvets, satiDS and woolen goods, down to calicoes, etc. A fine stock of ladies', misses' and children's garments carried to suit all tastes. Their hosiery and underwear departments are replete with everything desirable in that line, while their laces and dress trimmings could not fail to please even the most fastidious. On the second floor is situated the custom cloak and dressmaking departments, where a number of first-class modistes are employed. The custom cloak rooms are under the supervision of Mrs. Hartshorne, who has had a long experience. The custom garments enjoy a reputation of fit and workmanship which is unexcelled. Adjoin- ing this department will be found a full assort- ment of the celebrated Buttericks' patterns. The basement contains one of the largest wholesale stocks in the State. Here a stock is carried large enough to fill three ordinary dry goods establishments. This is necessitated by the demand made on the stock each day by the large trade. Buying as they do, in large quantities, it is natural that Messrs. Hall & Co. can undersell so many competitors. All goods are marked at most reasonable prices and every attention is paid to customers. The premises occupy two floors and basement of a large building, situated in the most desirable part of Main street, and cover an area of 130x40 feet. Eighty-five experienced hands find em- ployment in the several departments, and a very extensive business is transacted, both wholesale and retail. The members of the firm are Messrs. W. B. Hall, a native of Springfield, Massachusetts, and H. W. Pettis, a native of Gt. Barrington, Massa- chusetts, both very enterprising and energetic gentlemen, widely and favorably known through- out the State — people coming from far and near to avail themselves of the bargains offered by them . This is the leading establishment in the dry goods line in the State, and their business, though established but nine years ago, has already reached colossal proportions. As an instance of the distance the trade of the house extends, Messrs. Hall & Co. have frequent orders from New York State. Their custom in the towns between New York city and Bridge- port is very large. Their trade in Norwalk and South Norwalk alone reached $30,000 last year, ladies preferring to do their shopping and inspect the beautiful park and other attractions, to a fatiguing journey to New York. As rents are much lower in this city, Messrs. Hall & Co. can naturally afford to sell lower than New York retailers. 66 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. David B. Crockett Co., Manufacturers of Preservative or Architectural Finish, and Spar Composition, Bridgeport, Conn. — In these days, when everybody who can afford it owns a yacht, no apology is needed for bringing to the notice of the public any really meritorious article spec- ially designed for the use of yachtsmen. The pur- pose of this article is to bring before the public that production that has gone into more general use and been received everywhere with more favor than any other article of its kind. We refer to Crockett's Spar Composition. It is not too much to say that no yachtsman who values the appearance or preservation of his spars can afford to be without this, for this is the universal verdict after severe and repeated trials, under all conditions. This substance was patented February 14, 1871, so that abundant opportunity has been had to test it in every way. Crockett's specialties are Spar Composition, No. 2 Preservative, No. 1 Preservative, Painter's Composition, Spar body finish, Spar gear finish, Spar one coat finish, Spar quick rubbing, Car and Carriage primer, Railway outside car finish, Railway inside car finish, Rail- way polishing car finish, Railway inside flowing finish, Railway locomotive finish, Railway' quick rubbing, Waterproof floor finish, Elastic oil finish. David B. Crockett's Preservatives are composed of the hardest and most expensive gums, and prepared in a manner analogous to that employed in the manufacture of the costly English var- nishes, but with the prime object of " preserva- tion " in view. Spar composition differs from " preservative " mainly in its special adaptation for resistance to the weather. As its name indicates, it was primarily in- tended for the spars and all exposed parts of vessels; but it is obvious that such a compound is equally valuable for all outside work, either wood or metal. Hence, as a protection for front doors, vestibules, porches, railway cars, carriages, wagons, or any exposed parts of edifices, whether of grained work or natural wood, it is superior to anything ever invented. It also adds a gloss and finish unsurpassed by the finest var- nish. No compound has ever been devised which more truly fulfils the promise of its name than "Crockett's Preservative." Thoroughly per- meated with it, wood becomes absolutely inde- structible by any ordinary processes, and may defy all the elements but fire. This, however, is but one of its merits. The unpractised eye will hardly detect in the plain, unpolished piece of oak or maple, the latent beauties that linger beneath the surface. Treated with Preservative, they are instantly developed, and shine forth with a lustre which art can but faintly imitate. Nor is this a mere transient or ephemeral effect, but as lasting as the wood itself. Permanence is one of its cardinal virtues. Preservative, ap- plied in accordance with directions on the can, is unchangeable; and if stained, smoked, orsoiled, can be immediately restored by the simple use of sponge and water — a treatment which would ruin other "wood finishes" as well as most costly varnishes. To these qualities it owes its great superiority as a "beautifier," for in its aesthetic effects on natural wood, it stands without a rival; and for churches, halls, and all cabinet finished edifices it is simply unapproachable. This fact is rec- ognized and appreciated by many prominent architects throughout the country, who, having once tested it, thenceforth invariably insert it in their specifications. It adds lustre to the very floors and walls, and with surprising versatility of adaptation its conservative effects are as pro- nounced and permanent on grained or painted work as on the natural wood. This enlarges its field of usefulness indefinitely, and welcomes it alike to the humble cottage, the imposing man- sion, or the grand cathedral; while its very moderate cost places it within the reach of the slenderest means. In view of its imperishable nature, however, it is hardly too much to say that its use would be true economy at any price. The popularity of these preservatives among architects, builders, boatmen, etc., has necessi- tated the erection of one of the most complete factories in the country. Every facility is at hand for conducting the business on a large scale, and care is taken to keep the product of the factories up to the highest standard of excel- lence. Hugh Stirling, Manufacturer of all kinds of Mattresses, Union Street. — Of late years such im- provement has been made in the manufacture of mattresses, that they are universally used, and when manufactured in an experienced and careful manner they will be found both durable and comfortable. One of the lai'gest establishments engaged in this line of manufacture is that of Mr. Hugh Stirling, formerly Gledhill & Co., whose ware- rooms are located on Union street. Here Mr. Stirling occupies a two-story building covering an area of 50x45 feet, arranged with all the most modern appliances used in the business. Employment is given to several skilled hands, and altogether a large wholesale trade is tran- sacted. Mr. Stirling is a native of England and is well and favorably known throughout Bridgeport as a gentleman of experience in his particular line. He is intimately connected with the public inter- ests of this city, being Common Councilman for two years and Police Commissioner for four years. He is honorable and upright in all his business dealings, and all entering into business relations with him will find them a pleasure. All his work will be found thoroughly satisfacto- ry and his terms moderate. We commend him to the notice of our readers as one worthy their respect and consideration. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 67 Charles W. McCord, Successor to McCord & Stillman, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Carpets, Oil Cloths, Mattings, Rugs, Window Shades, Upholstery Goods, etc., No. 375 Main Street. — The great advance made in popular taste and culture, as shown by the various ar- ticles of household adornment and utility, is one of the most significant signs of the times, and in no department of house-furnishing is the result of such progress and discrimination more mani- fest than in that relating to floor covering of various kinds. The gaudy and* bizarre patterns in carpets, for instance, once so universal and prevalent, are now seldom seen unless we search in some auction room or other repository of cast- away and superseded goods. An establishment wherein the most fashionable and modern de- signs in carpetings, oil cloths, mattings, rugs, etc., are sure to be found is that of Mr. Charles W. McCord, located at No. 375 Main street. This gentleman began business in May, 1886, under the firm name of McCord & Stillman, but as Mr. Stillman retired a few months ago, he now carries on the establishment alone. Mr. McCord was born in this city, and has had a large experience in his present business. His store is at 375-377-379 Main street, and is fully stocked with the goods above-mentioned; a magnificent assortment of draperies, upholstery goods, window shades, etc., being also on hand. Mr. McCord is the agent in Bridgeport for the celebrated Lowell carpets. The New York Decorator and Furnisher says of these: "A Lowell carpet, on the other hand, is, so far as the weight, durability and fineness of the fabric are concerned, the same as in our grandmothers' days. Every decline in price has been overcome by improved processes and the in- troduction of more rapid machinery. It only differs from the carpet of half a century ago in the improvement which has been made in all manufacturing processes, and of which the Lowell Company has been among the first to avail itself. In tact, had it not been for the en- lightened liberality of this concern it is doubtful w T hether Mr. Bigelow would ever have been able to perfect the pow T er loom, which laid the found- ation of the modern carpet industry. Amid all the vicissitudes of trade, no matter how keen the competition at home or from abroad, without re- gard to tariffs, either on competing goods or on the raw material, the Lowell carpet has always been the same and has always been quoted as the standard. Very few outside the trade have any idea how bitter has been the fight to maintain its right to this supremacy. The ladies of '47, like those of '87, were wont to feel for the hollow stick, which even then was a distinguishing mark of Lowell goods, and it was not till the company took the matter to the United States Court that it was able to establish its right even to a trade mark. Year after year it has been employing a corps of the best trained designers it could find in any quarter of the world, and year after year, in spite of the quasi protection of the Patent Laws, it has seen its best patterns produced in inferior goods, not only by a thousand cheap looms of Philadelphia, but by the best manufac- turing skill of England. But it has never faltered in its straightforward course. Meanwhile the methods of the company have been those which belong to the best school of mercantile integrity. No dealer ever makes a claim for shortage in Lowell goods, for he is aware that the piece invariably overruns the the ticket mark, and that the answer to his claim will invariably be, ' Send it back.'" Mr. McCord employs ten efficient assistants, and courteous and prompt service is guaranteed to every customer. Geo. K. Birdsey, Manufacturer and Jobber in Teas, Coffees, Spices and Grocers' Sundries, Xos. 438 and 440 Water Street.— The wholesale tea and coffee business of Mr. Geo. K. Birdsey was established in 1854 by H. Wales, succeeded some years after by Birdsey & Wales and fourteen years ago Mr. Birdsey assumed the entire control and has succeeded in developing the business greatly by shrewd management and experience. From ten to fifteen men are employed in the various departments of the business. The store which is located at Nos. 438 and 440 Water street comprises a four-story building covering an area of 40x90 feet and fitted with all necessary improvements for the promotion of the business. The large orders which are daily received are filled with invariable promptness and dispatch and the store presents a scene of continual busi- ness activity that finds a counterpart in but few of the leading establishments of the city. The most efficient personal supervision is exercised in all the varied details of the business. The build- ing is large and commodious, abundantly pro- vided with all modern improvements and well fitted up with all requisite machinery. This house does a large business in roasting coffees and grinding spices for which it possesses all adequate machinery and fixtures. Mr. Birdsey has also in stock at all times a particularly flue assortment of grocer's sundries which have given uuiform satisfaction to the trade. He also carries a choice line of tobacco and cigars. Mr. Birdsey is a native of Connecticut and is widely and favorably known. James H. Scribner & Co., Rooms 10 and 11 Connecticut Bank Building, Bridgeport, Real Estate and Insurance. — The prominent real es- tate firm of James H. Scribner & Co., located in the Connecticut Bank Building on Main street, rooms 10 and 11, began business in the city Jan- uary 1st, 1887. These gentlemen make a spe- cialty of real estate in which they have already built up a suprisingly large trade. The office quarters are convenient of access and the accom- modations are all that is necessary for the needs of the business. The firm transact business in every kind of real estate, buying, selling and ex- changing houses, lots and land, they also repre- sent a number of reliable insurance companies, among which we would mention the Equitable Life Assurance Society and the Newark Fire Insurance Co., of Newark, N. J., both old and reliable companies. They also represent the well known firm of Cochran & Walsh, general finan- cial agents of St. Paul and Duluth, Minn. This firm have every reason to feel encouraged at their present favorable prospects for success. They are progressive, public-spirited gentlemen, worthy of the liberal patronage which they have thus far received. 68 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. l mi^^fl tUSTOfiSTEAM LAUNDRY m p Pembroke Custom Laundry, 28 and 30 Fair- field Avenue, Bridgeport. — Among the many and varied industries which give employment to many of our people is the laundry business, and prominent in the business in Bridgeport is the Pembroke Custom Steam Laundry, conducted by Mr. O. E. Lindsley. This establishment was started at the location now occupud in 1870 by its present proprietor, at 28 and 30 Fairfield avenue. This extensive work is devoted to the laundrying of all kinds of underwear. A speci- alty is made of collars, cuffs and shirts, also ladies fine wear and family clothes are laundried in the best style, and at short notice and reason- able rates. Mr O. E. Lindsley gives personal attention to the management of this establishment, and every department is systematically arranged, and the utmost care is taken in assorting and returning clothes that none shall be lost or miscarried. Many families avail themselves of the advantages of such an establishment as they are saved all the trouble and inconvenience of the washing and ironing days at home. In May, 1870, Mr. Lindsley started in the business of shirt making and laundering. In 1874, he began laundering collars and cuffs as a specialty for the custom trade, his laundry being the first ever established in Bridgeport. The Pembroke shirt manufac- tory and custom steam laundry owned by Mr. Lindsley is a building 20x100 feet and contains five floors. He has twelve branch offices, and employs between 150 and 200 hands during the busy season. He is a thorough business man, and by strict attention to business has earned deserved success. J. S. Cairoli, D. D. S., Graduate of Maryland College of Dental Surgery, Office, 398 Main St., Opposite Cannon. — Just why the delicate nerves that connect the teeth with the brain are so acutely sensitive is a question which many a hapless sufferer has asked himself when there was sufficient intermission between the horrible twinges from his aching molars to allow the coherency of his reasoning powers to be restored. It is a well known fact that men who have gained national renown for heroic courage on the field of battle have proved weak as women and unmistakably shown the white feather when seated in the dentist's chair. Still, the wonderful discoveries made by mod- ern science have included many in the field of dentistry, and by the aid of nitrous oxide, or laughing gas, and improved instruments and appliances, dental operations have been robbed of almost all their terrors. Skilled practitioners only, however, should be patronized, and one of the most prominent of these in this city is J. S. Cairoli, D. D. S., a graduate of the Maryland College of Dental Surgery, whose office is at No. 398 Main street, opposite Cannon. Dr. Cairoli has practiced his profession here for twenty-two years and enjoys a very large and select patronage. His rooms are finely fitted up, being supplied with all the most improved appli- ances for the practice of dentistry, and all work is done promptly, skillfully and at reason- able rates. A. Krouse & Brothers, Engravers, Die Sinkers and Stencil Cutters, Modelers, Chasers and Mould Makers, Rubber Stamps, etc., of every descrip tion, 243 and 245 Water Street. — A house which has gained an enviable reputation for the high grade of workmanship displayed in its various manufactures is that of A. Krouse & Brothers, doing" business at Nos. 243 and 245 Water street. This enterprise was established in 1876 by Mr. A. Krouse, who carried it on alone up to two years ago, when the firm became what it now is. The work done comprises engraving, die sink- ing and stencil cutting, burning brands and modeling, chasing and mould making is also carried on. The manufacture of Rubber Stamps and also white metal castings is made a specialty of, and cane and umbrella mountings, toys, novelties and Britannia ware are also made in large quantities. Having fitted up a first-class gold, silver and nickel-plating establishment, and having better facilities in turning out work, they would inform manufacturers and the public that it will be their policy to turn out nothing but first-class work, and at prices that will be satisfactory. Having had a number of years experience, they can safely state to manufacturers that the work will be done properly and attentively in all their branches. Brassing, coppering and oxydizing are done in the most expeditious and thorough manner. The premises occupied are (10x100 feet in di- mensions, and furnished with steam-power; em- ployment being given to twenty hands. The firm consists of Messrs. Andrew, George and Louis Krouse, natives of New York, and well-known citi/.< ns of Bridgeport. This establishment enjoys the very best facili- ties for turning out the finest work at the lowest rates, and the extent of its trade shows how this fact is appreciated. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 69 The Copeland Bros. Co., Dealers in Dry Goods and Carpets, 411, 413, 415 and 417 Main Street, and No. 101 Fairfield Avenue. — Eligibly located on the principal shopping thoroughfare in the city is The Copeland Bros. Co., one of Bridgeport's most attractive dry goods establish- ments. Its long, prosperous career, extending over a period of twenty-seven or more years, and the fine assortment of goods constantly in stock at most reasonable prices have done much toward establishing the enviable reputation it now holds. The original founders of this business were Messrs. Palmer, McCord & Johnson, and after several slight changes it was incorporated as a stock comp-iny, under the present title, in 1886, Mr. G. Copeland, of New York, holding the office of president, while Mr. J. C. Copeland is treasurer, Mr. James Bracken, secretary. These gentlemen comprise the directors. The premises occupy two floors of a fine building, located at Nos. 411, 413, 415 and 417 Main street, 60 feet front, and extends back 185 feet, with aside entrance at 101 Fairfield avenue. The store is fitted up with the most modern im- provements for the prosecution of their large trade, which is both wholesale and retail. They give employment to upwards of fifty experienced clerks, and deal not only in dry goods of every conceivable kind, but also have a department devoted exclusively to the sale of carpets, etc. Here will be found the very latest •■and most exclusive designs in carpets of all grades at most reasonable prices. Their dry goods department, which is located on the first floor, is stocked continually with one of the finest assortments of goods in the city. Dress goods of every description, from calicos to velvets, hosiery, underwear, millinery, laces, trimmings, etc., in great abundance, and as low as they can be bought for elsewhere. Knowing how widely the reputation of this house has spread, we can but feel that any fur- ther remarks at our hands would be super- fluous. Chas. Cartwright, Boots, Shoes and Rubbers, 387 Main Street (2 Doors below Cannon.)— There are niany establishments in this city devoted to the sale of boots and shoes, but the oldest and one of the most absolutely reliable, is that conducted by Mr. Charles Cartwright, at No. 387 Main street, two doors below Cannon. This gentle- man started in business twenty-six years ago, and has built up a very large and thriving trade by reason of the intelligent and honorable man- ner in which he bas served his customers. His store is 20x80 feet in dimensions, and con- tains a very large and finely selected stock of boots, shoes and rubbers of all descriptions and prices. It is well appointed, and four very cour- teous and painstaking assistants are at hand to serve patrons promptly and well. Mr. Cartwright, owing to his long experience, is enabled to anticipate and fully meet the wants of the public in the various goods in which he deals. A very fine assortment of ladies' shoes is shown, comprising goods specially adapted to street and party wear, and the latest novelties in ithis department are early at hand. For gentle- men, Congress, Balmorals and many other styles are in stock, and the children are by no means forgotten, for a full line of school and street shoes is at hand to meet their special wants. All goods are warranted, and the prices are moderate and just. R. T. Whiting, Dealer in Staple and Fancy Groceries, 345 Main Street. — In compiling the various industries of Bridgeport, the retail grocery trade assumes a decided importance. Among those who supply fresh groceries is the house of R. T. Whiting, located at No. 345 Main street, and well stocked with staple and fancy groceries, flour, provisions, canned goods, etc. The business was established in 1874 by Prindle & Whiting, being succeeded in 1880 by the pres- ent management, and it is but fair to say this is the leading house in its line in Bridgeport, and the facilities enjoyed for obtaining goods is un- surpassed by any house in the city. Being in direct communication with farmers and pro- ducers, he is in receipt of a fresh assortment of seasonable fruits and vegetables. Goods are sold in large or small quantities to suit purchasers. The store is spacious and finely appointed throughout, covering an area of 24x100 feet, and giving employment to eight capable assistants, who are busily engaged waiting on their numer- ous customers. Mr. XVhiting is a native of Bridge- port, and one of its most esteemed citizens, he is a gentleman of unfailing courtesy and has won many friends among the business men of the city, and established a reputation for the highest in- tegrity and fair dealing. He fully deserves the extensive and lucrative patronage he receives. New England Steam Cracker Bakery, also A. W. Wallace's Variety Bakery, 173 and 175 State Street. — An enterprise of vast importance to our city is the establishment of the "New England Steam Cracker Bakery" which is a repre- sentative house, the largest in its line in the State. The business was established in 1853 by Mr. A. AV. Wallace, the present proprietor, and has been more than successful in its operations, its products being in great demand all over the country. The store-room is 30x90 feet in dimensions which together with a large steam bakery in the rear is fully equipped with all needed machinery of most modern style to conduct the business which is both wholesale and retail. The motive power is steam, and employment is given to twenty-five experienced hands. The premises are located at Nos. 173 and 175 State street and here they manufacture every thing that is made from flour, from a penny roll to loaves and elaborate wedding cakes, crackers of all descriptions, etc. This company are in a condition to fill any orders, no matter how large, as the capacity of their factory is many barrels of flour per day and their goods equal to any and superior to most goods in New England. Mr. Wallace is a gentleman of ability and an old experienced baker fully capable of managing so gigantic an enterprise, and it is with pleasuie that we refer our readers to this house as one they will be pleased and profited by dealing with. Til LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. The Park City Clothing House opened its doors to the public May 9th, 1887. This house is owned by the well known clothing manufac- turers, Messrs. Whitten, Burdett & Young of Boston, and is under the management of Mr. Andrew F. West, a practical clothier of many years experience. Under his supervision the store, Nos. 454 and 456 Main street, has been fit- ted up in the most tasteful manner and is pro- nounced by all to be the finest store of the kind in the State. By Mr. West's gentlemanly man- ner and his untiring efforts to attract and please the public, he has gained many friends, and the Park City Clothing House is fast com- ing to be a household word. Here may be found a stock of clothing, hats and men's outfittings that is first class in every particular. In cloth- ing for men, boys and children, they show goods of only their own production, the finest grades of domestic and foreign fabrics, gotten up with every regard to prevailing fashions and fully equal to the best custom work. The children's department is a feature, and is filled with as choice an assortment for little ones as can be seen in any large city. This house has the ex- clusive sale of many of the best makes of men's outfittings in the way of neck-wear, underwear, flannel and dress shirts, silk umbrellas and canes, etc., etc. In fact it is an establishment of which Bridgeport may well be proud. James Staples & Co., Bankers and Brokers, Real Estate and Insurance Agents, 207 State Street. — In writing a descriptive review of the various enterprises which contribute materially to the general advancement of our business inter- ests, we desire to call attention to the well known establishment of James Staples & Co., No. 207 State street. Tbey conduct at the above place a legitimate Banking and general Real Estate and Insurance business, local investment securities being made a specialty, and drafts issued on England, Scot- land, Ireland, Germany. France and all Euro- pean countries where a bank or banker may be found. In the real estate and insurance depart- ment of the business tbey buy and sell all kinds of property on commission, and place insurance in well known and responsible companies. As real estate men their long and varied experience i has made them well acquainted with the value and location of tbe most desirable property in the city and surroundings. They understand insurance in all its branches and can give as many advantages to patrons in fire insurance as any agency in the city. Their promptness in adjusting all losses makes them quite popular with policy holders generally. They represent the following staunch and reliable companies: American, Continental, Germania, Hanoveiv Mechanic's and Niagara of New York. Ameri- can of N. J., Middlesex Mutual of Connecticut; American of Pennsylvania and Philadelphia; Imperial, London & Lancashire, Northern and. Royal of England, Northwestern of Wisconsin, and the Llo} r d's Plate Glass of New York. The foundation of this" business was laid twen- ty-eight years ago, being under the present man- agement for the past three years. The location of the elegant offices of this enterprise is one of the most central and convenient that could have been chosen. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. James Staples, P. L. Holzer and F. T. Staples; Mr. James Staples is a native of Maine, the others of Connecticut, and are all well and favorably known throughout this city and vicinity. It is with no small pleasure that we call the at- tention of our readers to enterprises of this char- acter knowing they will be pleased and profited by business relations with such. E. T. Doolittle, Dealer in Hydraulic Cement Sewer and Drain Pipe, Ornamental ChimneyTops, Well Curbs, Stench Traps, Connections, etc., also Contractor, 43 South Avenue, Corner Broad Street. — Unquestionably one of the triumphs achieved by science in modern times is proved by the immense reduction of the death rate in the large cities where men are hived together in large numbers. No one condition is of itself more un- favorable to health and long living than is this massing of humanity, and that the evils arising from this cause have been so thoroughly discov- ered and reduced to a minimum is due the high- er average of human life to-day. First and fore- most in these great cities comes the question of drainage, for unless that is skillfully and abund- antly provided for, health and comfort are un- attainable. Many materials have been proposed and used for sewer and drain pipe, but the severe test for years has undoubtedly pronounced in favor of hydraulic cement as it is strong, non- absorbent and comparatively cheap. A Bridge port house dealing very largely in this and kin- dred goods is that conducted by Mr. E. T. Doo little, at No. 43 South avenue, corner of Broad street. Established twenty-two years ago by Mr. S. E. Todd, the business has been in the hands of its present owner for the last ten years. A. store 20x50 feet is occupied; from twelve to twenty hands are employed, and a very large business is done in sewer and drain pipe. Orna- mental chimney tops, well curbs, traps, connec- tions, etc. A specialty is made of well pipe. Mr. Doolittle is also prepared to contract for the construction of sewers, laying drains, digging wells, cementing floors and general jobbing. He- is a native of this State and has bad a long ex- perience in the business. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT S. Loewith & Co., Notary Public, Real Estate, Insurance, European Steamship and General •Commission Agents, 33 Bank St. — As the manage- ment of a real estate or an insurance business re- quires the person in charge to be of keen per- ception, prompt in action, and of good sound judgment in regard to the property in question, we feel that we can commend no more capable person in whose care to entrust the management •or insurance of property than Mr. S. Loewith, whose office is located at 33 Bank street. He es tablished his business in this city in 1883, under the firm name of S. Loewith &Co., and in the four years of its existence Mr. Loewith, who is sole proprietor, has succeeded in establishing an exten- sive and lucrative business as Notary Public, Real Estate, Insurance and European steamship agent, also General Commission agent representing the following lines: North German Lloyd, Hamburg- American Packet, Hamburg Union, Red Star, Rotterdam and Amsterdam, Transatlantic Havre, Baltic Line, Inman Line. Drafts and bank money •orders issued on all parts of Europe at lowest rates. From its inception Mr. Loewith has character- ized all his transactions with such an upright policy, that the citizens of Bridgeport and sub- urban towns have every reason to feel that they can trust implicitly in his honesty and integrity. His charges are light, and his methods are ad- mirable for the management of important and responsible business entrusted to his judgment. Mr. S. Loewith is a native of Bohemia, but well and favorably known in this country and city. He converses in seven languages, and his services are in frequent demand as interpreter. Stegeman & Whetstine, Grocers and Wine Merchants, 390 Main Street. — The importance of an enterprise of this character in a large city like Bridgeport is too apparent to need comment. We have here a business devoted to the grocery and wine trade, an industry of great importance to the thrift of the city and serving an important Tpurpose in the community. The house of Stegeman & Whetstine, Grocers and Wine Merchants, was established by them in August, 1880. They occupy a nicely-arranged and well-stocked store, located at 390 Main street, covering an area of 20x75 feet, where they are prepared to offer to citizens of Bridgeport on advantageous terms a superior quality of staple and fancy groceries, including the best brands of flour, teas, coffees, spices, sugar, etc., comprising all goods carried by a first-class grocer, and in connection with the grocery business, Messrs. Stegeman & Whetstine are extensive wine mer- chants and deal largely in domestic and foreign productions. They are also bottlers of Rupert's extra beer, and agents for original Budweiser. The trade of this house is steadily increasing, and its resources are ample to meet all demands made upon it, and its policy entitles it to the consideration of the trade, who will find assured advantages in dealing here. They also have in connection with their grocery business a buffet, located at 296 Main street, which is one of the largest and finest places in the city or in the State, covering an area of 20x75, with basement, employing three assistants. They are agents for Joseph Schiltz's celebrated lager beer, which they are bottling for families and hotels, and also direct agents for Sherwood's pure malt whiskies, which they bottle to a great extent for families. Mr. H. C. Stegeman and David Whetstine are energetic men of business. Benjamin & Eames, Plumbing, Steam and Gas Fitting, Tin and Sheet Iron Work, Agents for Gold's Patent Steam Heaters, Knowles' Steam Pump, etc., No. 434 Water Street. — Among the prosperous business houses of Bridgeport, whose extensive operations and well established reputa- tion entitles them to our most favorable consid- eration, we note with pleasure the one above named, the character and extent of whose busi- ness furnishes a fitting example of that class of houses whose success is the best evidence we can offer of the claims of this thriving city to the consideration of the patronizing public. The enterprise whose business card heads this article was established in 1881 by its present pro- prietors, Messrs Benjamin & Eames, and from its inception has enjoyed a steadily increasing busi- ness, and is to-day ranked among our most com- plete plumbing and gas-fitting establishments. The premises utilized for the business are lo- cated at 434 Water street and are 30x70 feet in di- mensions. Here a large and complete stock of plumbing and gas-fitting materials maybe found. In connection with the plumbing, steam and gas- fitting business, Messrs. Benjamin & Eames do an extensive business in tin and sheet iron work. They are also agents for Gold's patent steam heater, Knowles' steam pumps, etc. The extent to which their business has reached requires the employment of from fifteen to twen- ty skilled workmen, and Messrs. Benjamin & Eames being practical men of business, all work entrusted to this house is guaranteed to be per- formed in the best manner possible and perfect satisfaction warranted. Mr. J. C. Benjamin is a native of Connecticut and C. S. Eames of Massachusetts. They are both well and favorably known in Bridgeport. 72 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Bridgeport Corset Co., Noble Avenue. — A leading house in the manufacture of corsets is that conducted under the above title by I. W. Birds- eye & Co. This business was originally started by Mr. Birdseye in 1865 and tbe first factory was located in Birmingham where it is still conducted. The business which started twenty-two years ago has grown rapidly and in 1879 the Bridgeport factory was opened, which is 200x40 feet in size and five stories in height. Here every facility that years of experience can suggest and ample capital procure is at hand. The machinery which is of improved design and workmanship is operated by a steam engine of fifty horse-power. Water power is used at the Birmingham factory, which is 125x40 feet and four stories. Some 450 skilled operators are given employment and the product of the facto- ries is shipped to every section of the United States, the selling agents being J. G. Fitzpatrick & Co., 89 Leonard street, New York. The corsets manufactured by this company are of a high grade of quality, finish, fit and durabil- ity. The richest and most expensive dress will not show to advantage unless a well-fitting pair of corsets is worn, and none will keep their shape better or wear longer than the popular makes turned out by the Bridgeport Corset Com- pany. Every care is taken in the purchase of the ma- terial and in the thorough inspection of the work through the different processes of manufacture. This has resulted in maintaining, unimpaired, the reputation of the house for quality and general excellence of goods manufactured, and to this fact is due the large trade of the firm which is now among the largest of the kind in the United States. Mr. Birdseye is a native of Huntington, Fair- field county, Connecticut, and a gentleman well and favorably known in Birmingham and in Bridgeport, where he has resided since 1880. Rogers & Morford, Wholesale Grocers, But- ter, Cheese and Commission Merchants, Nos. 469, 471, 473 and 475 Water Street.— Standing in the front rank in this line is the well-known house conducted by Rogers & Morford, situated at Nos. 469 to 475 Water street. The building occupied by them consists of five stories 50x110 feet in dimensions and is entirely filled with a complete stock of goods in their line of trade, embracing sugars, coffees, teas, flour, etc. They a'so deal extensively in butter and' cheese and are also agents for Pillsbury's flour and Pratt's astral oil. Their prices are the very lowest to be obtained in this city for first class goods. A rapidly increasing interest in this house is manifested by dealers, and the facilities for sup plying them upon favorable terms are unsurpass- ed by any wholesale and retail establishment in this line in Bridgeport. A large force of assistants are employed and they have also in connection with their business an Otis steam elevator with a capacity of 4000 lbs. This well-known house was established in 1876 by Mr. Noah Rogers, having been under the present management since 1881. It is one of the most reliable houses in the city. The business is conducted in the most prompt and systematic- style and meets that liberal patronage which gives to it a commanding influence. The members of the firm are Messrs. Noah. Rogers & Geo. Morford, both reliable gentlemen. With an activity and industry that knows no pause, they have made their house a favorite one for those who appreciate the advantages they offer in quality, quantity and prices. We be- speak for them a continuance of the patronage they so well deserve. Dwight H. Terry, Investment Securities, Office No. 69 State Street, next East of Pequon- nock Bank. — In this work of the commercial resources and industrial advance of the city, it will not be out of place for us to speak of the business of a gentleman, who for so many years has been actively engaged in the insurance busi- ness, and in the sale of investment securities. We refer to Mr. Dwight H. Terry, who established his business here in 1867, and has so conducted it that to-day he stands among the leading busi- ness men of Bridgeport. The premises occupied by him consist of a fine office 30x25 feet in dimensions, and is located at 69 State street. Mr. Terry at present devotes his energies to the transaction of the insurance business to a limited extent only, giving his principal attention to the sale of Western farm mortgages, in w T kich he is considered a reliable and trustworthy au- thority. He also officiates as notaiy public. Mr. Terry is a native of Plymouth, Connecti- cut, but has been a resident of Bridgeport for twenty years, and is a highly respected member of both social and business circles of this com- munity. J. E. Howes, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Paper, Paper Bags, Twines and Butter Dishes, 48 Middle Street, Standard Building.— One of the- class of pushing, enterprising merchants to whom Bridgeport owes in a great measure her commer- cial supremacy is Mr. J. E. Howes, whose place of business is located at No. 48 Middle street, Standard Building. This gentleman is a native of the city in which he does business and founded his present estab- lishment about a year ago. He carries on a wholesale and retail trade in paper, paper bags, twines and butter dishes, and tags, envelopes, writing pads, etc. He occupies premises very centrally located at 48 Middle street. Mr. Howes brought to his en- terprise a vigor, energy and intelligence which demanded and deserved success, and that his ex- pectation in this respect have been more that re- alized is a fact which, in view of all the circum- stances attending the case, is much more gratify- ing than it is surprising. A large and well- selected stock of the various articles dealt in is- carried, and Mr. Howes is prepared at all times to meet reasonable competition, as he keeps a sharp eye on the market he is ever prepared to meet whatever exigencies may arise. An ample force of assistants is on hand and all orders will be given prompt and pains-taking at- tention. Mr. Alex Morrisey who has been iden- tified for many years with the paper business., represents Mr. Howes on the road. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 73 C. H. Bennett Dealer in Boots and Shoes, 339 Main Street, next City Bakery. — The establish- ment known as "Bennett's Mammoth One Price Boot and Shoe Store" is well known and too high- ly regarded by the residents of this city to require extended mention by us, were it not for the fact that the importance of this model enterprise de- mands suitable recognition in this account of the city's industrial growth. Mr. Bennett started in business in 1878 and very soon established a large and desirable pat- ronage, which has steadily increased until it has become an important factor in Bridgeport's retail trade. The store occupied is 30x100 feet in dimen- sions and contains a magnificent and admirably selected stock of boots, shoes, rubbers, etc. Mr. Bennett evidently believes in quick sales and small profits, for he offers ladies' best French kid button shoes, the best fitting goods in the market ■and fully warranted, at the absurdly low figure of $3.50, and ladies' dongola, curacoa, kid and glove top button in common sense and opera toe at $2.00 and $2.50. Four courteous and experienced salesmen are employed and prompt and careful attention is shown to all customers. A full line of goods for men is also in stock and is offered at very low rates. Mr. Bennett is a native of Plainfield, Connecti- cut, and is one of the most pushing and ener- getic of Bridgeport's men of business. S. H. Gage & Co., Brokers, Bishop Block, Bridgeport, Conn., United Bank Building, Dan- bury. Stocks, Grain, Provisions and Petroleum, Bought and Sold in Fractional Lots and on Mar- gins to suit customers. — A recently established but already successful brokerage firm in this city is that of S. H. Gage & Co., whose offices are in Bishop Block. This enterprise was started on the 1st of Jan- uary, 1887, and has already proved itself to be worthy of the highest confidence andmost liberal patronage. Stocks, grain, provisions and petro- leum are bought and sold in fractional lots and margins to suit customers, and as the offices have telephone connection and the use of private wires to New York and Chicago, exceptional ad- vantages are offered to those wishing to make in- vestments in any of the articles mentioned. Mr. S H. Gage, who is the resident member of the firm, has had much experience in this line of business and enjoys a very high reputation for probity, em rgy and business shrewdness. He is a keen and discriminating judge of the stock and produce markets and is well known among in- vestors of the New York and Chicago exchanges. All orders will receive prompt and careful atten- tion and instructions rnaj' be given with the surety that they will be followed to the letter. An elegant suite of rooms is occupied by this firm and the comfort and convenience of its patrons are everywhere consulted. A branch office has been recently opened in United Bank Building, Danbury, which is in charge of the other partner, Mr. Edward Banks. As the two offices are connected by private wire, equal advantages are offered as at the main office, and orders will receive the same prompt ami careful attention. E. S. Belknap, Dealer in Teas, Coffees, Spices, Sugars, 488 Main Street. — This establishment is probably one of the leading stores in the city devoted exclusively to the tea, coffee, and spice trade. This enterprise was first established in 1876 as a tea company, and was conducted as such until January, 1887, when Mr. E. S. Belknap assumed proprietorship, and has since been conducted in such an enterprising business spirit that it has become tiie popular house with those who use nothing but the best quality of goods in this line. The store is eligibly located, at 488 Main street, and well stocked with the finest grades of teas, coffee, spices, sugars, etc. The large retail trade of this house requires the employment of three thoroughly competent clerks, who are prompt and efficient in the transactions of all their duties. The store, which is 24x50 feet in size, is at- tractively fitted up, and patrons are presented with an elegant gift in crockery, etc., when pur- chasing goods, and the fact of this feature of the business being so generously carried out draws many to the store who would probably not have been numbered among its customers. The excellent quality of the goods sold here, which is proved by a trial of them, has extended the trade to all parts of the city and suburban towns. Mr. E. S. Belknap is an active, enterprising- business man and representative citizen. New York Butter House, F. I. Hitchcock, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Butter, Cheese and Eggs, 44 Fairfield Avenue. — If there is one branch or department of general commerce that is of more importance than the produce trade then we plead ignorance of it. Because it deals exclusively with the necessities of every day life it seems to us pre-eminent, and in considering the relative value of commercial interests, those which contribute most largely to the supply of the actual necessities of mankind are entitled to be regarded as the most import- ant. A representative house engaged in the butter, chee?e and egg trade in Bridgeport is that of the New York Butter House, F. I. Hitchcock, proprietor, located at No. 44 Fairfield avenue, which was established in 1877 by Mr. Hitchcock and has been conducted in an eminently success- ful manner. The premises of the firm consist of a store 24x50 feet in dimensions, which affords ample accommodation for the storage of stock. Mr. Hitchcock transacts a large wholesale and retail trade throughout this section of the State and has established a well earned reputation for keeping a first-class line of goods at moderate prices. His specialties are butter, cheese and eggs. These goods he receives direct from dairy- men and are therefore absolutely pure and un- adulterated. Shipments are received almost daily and the trade may at all times find the freshest and choicest goods of this character at this establishment. Four assistants are employed and all orders aie promptly and carefully filled. Mr. Hitchcock is a native of Connecticut and may be considered as identified with the interests of this city in the broadest sense. 74 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Standard Cab Co., Central Office 433 Main Street, comer Fairfield avenue, F. H. Vann & Co., Proprietors.— One of the most popular modes of conveyance in this city is that afforded by the Standard Cab Company, whose central office is located in Charles E. Shelton's drug store, at No. 433 Main street, corner Fairfield avenue, and a branch office at C. A. Dorman's livery stable, 403 Broad (head of Bank.) This en- terprising company which is the original pioneer line is always prepared to furnish cabs at short notice and their rates are most reasonable, being but $1.00 per hour or may be hired by the trip. Orders by mail, telephone or telegraph promptly attended to and only the most reliable men are employed as drivers, they being selected with great care as to sobriety, honesty, careful driv- ing, and courtesy toward passengers. This enter- prising company have every facility for their busi- ness, occupying a fine stable, admirably arranged and neatly kept, a large force of competent men are employed and every convenience is at hand for the care of horses and cabs. They are also prr pared to furnish coaches for weddings, receptions and funerals at popular prices and at short notice. Mr. F. H. Vann, the superintendent, is a member of the Odd Fellows and the Elks. He is also general agent for the Horse Owners Mutual Benefit and Indemnity society. Every owner of a horse should protect their horses against accident and death from any cause by insuring in this popular company. For weddings, receptions, calling, etc. , they have some elegant new Victoria Hansoms, which for elegance and ease cannot be excelled. These are furnished at the same rates as the cabs. The proprietors of this establishment are Messrs. F. H. Vann & Co., gentlemen of enterprise and business ability, well able to manage an im- portant business such as this is. No better regu- lated or more complete cab service can be found in any city than that of the Standard Cab Co. of Bridgeport, and it is one of which the citizens may well be proud. Banking House of T. L. Watson & Co., 355 Main Street. — A banking house which has been prominently identified with Bridgeport's com- mercial prosperity during the past twenty years is that conducted by T. L. Watson & Co. at No. 355 Main street. It was established by Messrs. Hatch & Watson in 18C7, and was carried on by these gentlemen until the death of Mr. Hatch, which occurred about ten years ago, since when the business has been continued under the present style. This house is a great favorite with investors by reason of its reliability and promptness in filling orders, and thus enjoys a large and increasing patronage. Stocks, Grain, Provisions and Pretroleum aie bought and sold for cash, or on margins to suit customers, and on account of its long establish- ment and extensive acquaintance among promi- nent operators, etc., it possesses exceptional ad- vantages in attendiug to the instructions of cus tomers as regards these articles. Private tele- graphic communication is had with the exchangt s of New York and Chicago and the other princi- pal exchanges of the country, so that early and reliable information as to the state of the market in these centers is assured and orders readily and securely placed. T. L. Watson & Co. receive deposits subject to check at sight and allow inter- est on daily balances at rate of three per cent., and in this department of their business they have about a thousand depositors. They make collections of drafts, notes, divi- dends and coupons throughout the United States and Canada and issue drafts on the principal cities of England, France, Germany, etc. They deal in government bonds and investment securi- ties, also seven per cent. Western Farm Loans of undoubted security. Colonel Watson is one of our best known and most public spirited citizens and enjoys to the highest degree the confidence and esteem of the business community. The evidence of his popu- larity and ability is shown by the many appoint- ments to positions of responsibility and trust he is now filling. He is the senior member of the flourishing banking house of Watson & Gilson, New York; second vice president of the Consolidated Stock and Petroleum Exchange of New York; presi- dent of two Gas Light companies: Colonel of the Fourth Regiment Connecticut National Guard ; President of the Fairfield County Agricultural Society, etc. The house of T. L. Watson & Co. is carefully organized in all its departments and has ample facilities and abundant capital for the transaction of conservative banking in all its branches. B. Shoninger & Co., New Haven, Conn., Manufacturers of the Celebrated Shoninger Up- right Piauos and Organs. General State Agents for the Weber, Emerson and Wheelock Pianos. Bianch Warerooms removed to 42 Fairfield Ave- nue, H. M. Copp, Manager. — Great improvements LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 75 have been made of late years in the construction of musical instruments, and the utmost resources of art, of skill and of science are brought to bear upon their manufacture. In Bridgeport, noted ■for its culture and refinement, are several estab- lishments devoted to the sale of pianos and or- gans, and in this connection we desire to call the attention of our readers to the Bridgeport agency of B. Shoninger & Co., New Haven. This agency, whose manager is Mr. H. M. Copp, is located at No. 42 Fairfield avenue. Here can be seen one of the best selected stocks of the celebrated Shoninger upright pianos and organs; the Shoninger Co. being also the gen- eral State agents for the Weber, Emerson and Wheelock pianos. This branch was founded some six years ago and Mr. Copp has since conducted it in an emi- nently successful manner to both himself and his customers and his prices are the very lowest to be obtained for first-class instruments. Mr. Copp is a native of Connecticut, possesses a practical experience of sixteen years with this company as manager of different warerooms, and by his energy, enterprise and liberal dealing, bas secured a large trade and established a repu- tation second to no other dealer in the city. The Bridgeport Bottling Company, Manu- facturers of Lemon Soda, Sarsaparilla, and Bel- fast Ginger Ale, Mineral Waters in Syphons, Lager, Ale and Porter Bottled Expressly for Family Use, 509 and 511 Water Street. Atlantic Hotel Building, Rohrback & Boyle Proprietors. — Lager beer seem? to have been from the earliest antiquity, the beverage that assimilated closest to the hygienic necessities of man, but the time when beer was first manufactured is wrapped in the dim chronology of the past. The enterprise which we are desirous of call- ing the attention of the citizens of Bridgeport to is that of the Bridgeport Bottling Company, which was established in 1880, and is located at 509 and 511 Water street, in the Atlantic Hotel Building, and covers an area of 30x40 feet. The proprietors of the above-named company arc Messrs. Rohrback & Boyle, who are manufac- turers of lemon soda, sarsaparilla and Belfast gin- ger ale, mineral water in syphons, also lager beer, ale, and porter bottled expressly for family use. The productions of this house are distinguished for purity, brilliancy of color and richness of flavor; qualities the result of intelligence, care, experience; the use of the best modern ap- paratus, and superior standards of both quality and quantity of ingredients used. The large wholesale and retail trade of this house requires the employment of four assistants in winter and six in summer. This house is connected with the telephone, and all orders received are promptly attended to. Our readers interested will realize from the above remarks the facilities of this house, and dealers will do well to give the productions of this house a trial. Mr. Boyle was born in Bridgeport, is 88 years of age, and has always lived here. He was in the news business for eighteen years; is a mem- ber of the Knights of Honor and United Order of Friends. Mr. Rohrback was born in Germanj r . He served his adopted countiy during the late war, having been a member of the First Regiment, Company B. He belongs to the Grand Army of the Republic; member of the Odd Fellows; Bridgeport Sharp-shooteis, and the Germania Singing Society. Their place of business is at Nos. 507, 509, oil Water street. They possess ample facilities for doing business, and both are well known and highly esteemed citizens. L. F. Curtis, Druggist, Main, corner of Elm Street. — This is one of the oldest and most prom- inent houses in Bridgeport devoted to the drug and medicine line of trade, and one whose pros- perous career furnishes a fitting example ot the many advantages this city possesses, as a point in which to establish enterprises of any character. This business was established in 1861 by its pres- ent proprietor, Mr. L. F. Curtis, who during the twenty-six years since that date has been so suc- cessful in extending his steadily increasing trade, which is both wholesale and retail, that he is to- day the proprietor of three other stores in this city in connection with the one above-named. The principal store is located at the corner of Main and Elm streets; this store covers an area of 25x85 feet in dimensions, and contains a large and very fine stock of pure drugs and medicines, perfumery, toilet and fancy articles and all drug- gists' sundries. Employment is given in the various depart- ments to about ten thoroughly competent assist- ants, and the patrons of this establishment are assured that physicians' prescriptions are care- fully prepared, and that none but the purest drugs and medicines are used here in the com- pounding of physicians' prescriptions and family receipts and every care is taken. Mr. L. F. Curtis is a native of Stafford. Conn., and is one of the best-known and popular busi- ness men of Bridgeport. Goodyear Rubber Store, 465 Main Street, F. C. Tuttle, Proprietor. — Perhaps one of the most indispensable branches of trade that we have among us is that of rubber goods, etc., and the only house devoted exclusively to handling this class of goods in Bridgeport is that of Mr. F. C. Tuttle, at No. 465 Main street, who deals en- tirely in the celebrated "Goodyear" Rubber goods. This branch was established in April, of the present year, the main store being located in New Haven at No. 73 Church street. The premises in which the business is carried on in Bridgeport consist of a store 50x25 feet in area, where the goods are arranged in a systematic manner, displaying every conceivable article known in this branch of trade. All the novel- ties of the trade may be found here as soon as manufactured, and the stock of useful and stand- ard articles is very extensive. Four are em- ployed in this store and all are waited upon with promptness and attention. The trade has in this short time assumed immense proportions and is both wholesale and retail. Mr. Tuttle, although a native of New Haven, is too well known in this community to admit of further comment at our hands. We may add in conclusion however, that his establishment is regulated with the best system and order and his prices will be found reasonable and just. 76 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. The Keller Piano Company, Manufacturers of Piano Fortes, No. 88 John Street.— With many years' practical experience in the business, Messrs. Jos. Keller and F. C. Stickney, both suece-sful expert manufacturers of pianos, estab- lished themselves in business in Bridgeport, and their success was both gratifying and deserved. The growth of their trade was such that a large increase in facilities was absolutely demanded, and the business was incorporated in March, 1887, with Joseph Keller as President, and J. W. Knowlton, Secretary and Treasurer. The company occupips a large factory at No. 88 John street, which is a model of complete- ness and convenience in its equipment and ar- rangement, the machinery being operated by steam-power, and a force of skilled workmen of Ions; experience in the various details of the business is employed. The piano fortes of this reliable house have a wide spread reputation for quality of tone and touch, durability and general excellence of finish, and the demand for their instruments emphasizes the opinion of musical experts as to their desir- able and admirable qualities. The best of thoroughly seasoned and prepared materials alone are used in the construction of their pianos, and their facilities for satisfactorily supplying the needs of the most exacting are all that could be desired. The officers and directors are energetic, pro- gressive, reliable business men, and their worth and tact has firmly established the company in a large and growing trade, and in the good opinion of all with whom they are brought into business relations. Hull & Palmer, Civil, Hydraulic and Con- sulting Engineers, Room 14, Waller's Building. — That a thing " well begun is half done '* is a saying as true as it is old, for oftaitimes the principal difficulties attendant«upon an enterprise must be overcome during its inception, totally disappearing when once the proper start has been made. This being understood, and the importance of beginning in the right way appreciated, the value of expert advice when any enterprise of moment is in contemplation will be readily seen, and such counsel will be obtained whenever possible. For instance, no one would think of building a cotton or a paper mill to be run by water-power without first securing the services of a competent hydraulic engineer, and by the way, right here iu this city, at Room 14, Housatonic R. R. build- ing is located a firm of Civil and Hydraulic engin- eers that is second to none. We refer to Messrs. Hull & Palmer. Mr. Bradley H. Hull began the practice of his profession here some thirty years ago, and has established a most enviable reputation as a skill- ful and progressive engineer. Wm. B. Palmer became associated with him under the present firm name in 1885, and the union has proved mutually advantageous. Special attention is given to the construction of water works, dams, etc., and plans and speci- fications for cotton, woolen, paper and flouring mills, railroads, farms and estates are promptly and accurately surveyed, and maps and plans furnished showing all - desired details. Also special attention is given to the sewerage and drainage of cities and towns. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Charles B. Russell, Manufacturer of 3d. Fine Lath-Nails, Upholsters' Tacks, Carpet Tacks, etc., 237 Water Street. — We fancy that very few people have any idea of the immense variety of nails, tacks, etc., there is produced in this coun- try or of the many costly and ingenious machines in use in this industry. When one thinks of the enormous difference between a railroad spike and a half ounce carpet tack, and of the almost innumerable variety of fastenings that come in between these extremes, he gains some faint con- ception of the importance and extent of this line of manufacture, but nothing shirt of a personal inspection of the factories would really bring the matter home to him. A house in this city devoted to the manufac- ture of 3d. fine lath nails, upholsterers' tacks, carpet tacks, etc., is that carried on by Mi'. Charles B. Russell, at No. 23? Water street. This enterprise was inaugurated in 188(5, and has already secured a firm and assured footing. The proprietor is a native of Birmingham, and is a well known business man. The factory com- prises one floor 34x90 feet in dimensions and another 30x35 feet. It is fully fitted up with modern improved machinery, and is sup- plied with ample steam power. The produc- tions of this house are becoming generally known throughout the trade, and the business bids fair to soon outgrow its present quarters. Charles H. Hartmann, Successor of the Bridgeport Brewing Co., 127 and 129 Hamilton Street, East Bridgeport. — If there is one industry in this country which shows every sign of not only being great at present, but also of haviDg a still greater extension in the near future, it is that of the brewer, for despite all the studied and vehement opposition which many well-mean- ine;, but in our opinion deluded, people have offered to its sale and use, the great favor with which lager beer has been received by the large majority of people has made its manufacture a business of immense proportions. And it is well that this should be so, for as the history of man- kind goes to show r that with all peoples and in all ages, a stimulant of some kiud has been invariably used, it is of course better that Ibis necessity should be as harmless and as healthful as possible, and no objections can reasonably be made to lager beer, that is to say, provided it be pure, on the ground that it is noxious. It is easy to obtain a pure and reliable article if pains are taken to patronize a reputable brewer, and in the Eastern States no beer can be found of more uniform and healthful quality than that produced by Mr. Charles H. Hartmann, who succeeded the Bridgeport Brewing Company, at Nos. 127-129 Hamilton street. Business was begun in 1886, and a large and desirable trade has already been established The brewery is four stories in height, and covers half an acre of ground. It is supplied with steam power, and all the facilities and appliances of a first-class modern establishment of this kind. Employment is given to twenty-five men. Mr. Hartmann is a native of Germany, and as it is in the " Fatherland " that lager beer has been brought to its greatest perfection, it is not at all strange that he thoroughly understands the busi- ness in all its branches. Wm. H. Gunderman, Manufacturer of Fine Carriages, Wagons and Trucks, 217 and 219 Middle Street. — One of the best known of Bridge- port's carriage and wagon manufacturers is Mr. William II. Gunderman, whose establishment is located at Nos. 217 and 219 Middle street. The business was started fourteen years ago, and so effectual have the good and honest work turned out and the reasonable prices charged for the same been in attracting patronage, that this house now ranks with the hading establishments of the kind in the city. A building three stories in height and of the dimensions of 00x80 feet is utilized as a factory and store house, and from ten to twelve skilled workmen are afforded employment. Fine car- riages, wagons and trucks are made, much of the work being done to order to suit the pecu- liarities of the service for which the vehicles are wanted. Particular attention is paid to repairing, paint- ing ami trimming, all such orders being given prompt and careful attention at the veiy lowe.-t rates allowable for good work. Like any other man who does good work, Mr. Gunderman dis- likes to see a good article abused, and makes a few suggestions as to how the paint on carriages, etc., should be treated, which are at once so sensible, so efficacious and so easy to follow, that we cannot forbear bringing them to the notice of our readers : "Don't expose to the fumes of ammonia." " Don't let mud dry on it." " Don't scratch the varnish in washing." "Don't expose to sun or rain when not in use." "Don't let ihe axle- grease collect on the hubs." Few and simple as these rules are, it is not too much to say that if they be observed a gain of 100 per cent, in the durability of the painted surface will be obtained and we hope that our readers will practice them and give credit where it is due — to Mr. Gunder- man. E. J. Banks, Meats and Groceries, 116 and 118 East Main Street. — There is probably no firm in this city deserving of a more extended notice in a work of this kind than the one whose name heads this article. This establishment datta its organization in 1872, when it was started by its present proprietor, Mr. E. J. Banks, as a meat market and successfully conducted as such for fourteen years. During the past few months Mr. Banks has opened a new department in his house which is devoted to the sale of groceries. The premises utilized for the business is locat- ed at 116 and 118 East Main street and consist of a double store 40x60 fe< t in dimensions, which is well stocked with a large assortment of first- class goods, all new and fresh, including meats of all kinds and the best brands of staple and fancy groceries. The extensive retail trade gives employment to two clerks who are prompt and efficient in the transaction of their duties. The goods are sold at the lowest market price and are delivered free of charge to any part of the city. The fact that Mr. Banks is an enterprising business man is well attested in the able and energetic manage- ment of his large and steadily increasing trade. He is a native of Connecticut and a highly es- teemed citizen of Bridgeport. 78 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Hutchinson, Pierce & Co., 746 to 750 Broad- way, New York, Factories at Bridgeport and Norwalk, Conn. — One of the most celebrated and best known manufactories for its particular line of goods, is that of Hutchinson, Pierce & Co., whose office is at 746 and 750 Broadway, New York, and who have factories at Bridgeport and Norwalk, Connecticut. The business was established several years a?o by Morison & Hutchinson, succeeded Jan. 1, 1883, by tbe present firm. The products of this firm are noted throughout the country, and con- sist of the celebrated Star shirt, shirt waists and underwear. The trade is very extensive and ex- tends throughout the entire United States. The factory at Bridgeport consists of two three-story buildings and one five-story building with a capacity for 500 employes. The Individ ual members of the firm consist of Messrs. G. S. Hutchinson, H. B. Pierce, Ira Cole, and T. S. Morison, and are all well known gentlemen in business circles. Their factories are finely equipped with all the most modern improvements for the successful prosecution of their business, and their terms will be found as reasonable as is consistent with the class of goods manufactured. We feel as though nothing more could be said in their favor as they are too well and favorably known to the public to need mention at, our hands. They are in a position to fill all orders promptly and satis- factorily, and all dealers who have not already formed business relations with this house will find it to their advantage to do so at once, and they will greatly increase their sales by keeping these celebrated goods in stock. Bridgeport Beef Company, Commission Mer- chants in Swift's Chicago Dressed Beef, Mutton, Lamb, Veal and Pork, 320 Water Street.— Oc- cupying commodious premises, eligibly located at 330 Water street, on the line of the New York, New Haven & Eartford Railroad, the Bridgeport Beef Company are conducting a large wholesale trade in meats of all kinds. Established in 1878. The business was inaugurated in 1878, and has continued under the same management until the present, and the trade developed has attained most important proportions. The company occupy a two-story slate build- ing, admirably equipped with the appliances for storage and handling of merchandise, and the facilities for receipt and shipment are all that could be desired. A large quantity of beef, lamb, veal and park is handled by the concern and is supplied to the trade at low figures, and the quality of merchan- dise is of such excellence as to make this a most desirable source of supply. The company makes a specialty of Swift's famous Chicago Dressed Beef, and their methods and worth inspire utmost confidence with their trade at home and correspondents abroad. The stock is always kept in such quantities, varieties and condition as to enable the house to fill all orders with dispatch aud to meet in the most satisfactory manner every requirement of their extensive and wide-spread trade. Mr. Josiah B. Hallett, the head of the com- pany, has entire charge of affairs and manages the business with consummate ability and tact. He is a native of Massachusetts, and in his business career in this city he has ever been held in highest esteem and confidence as a successful and responsible representative business man. The National Clcthing Co., who-e store is at 429 Main street, is a branch ot one of the largest manufacturing houses in this country; their head- quarters are in Boston, their branch stores may be found in all the principal cities of New Eng- land. The aim of this firm is to manufacture exclusively for the retail trade, thereby coming iu contact with the consumers of their goods. Knowing the wants, using every effort to pro- duce good, honest clothing by the use of first- class material, having only experienced workmen and in fact making a class of goods that will recommend themselves, and having such as a customer having once used, will prefer to all others. Mr. A. H. Davis established this branch 9 years ago, and has won by straightforward busi- ness principles a host of friends and customers. Mr. John M. Pnndle and Mr. Joseph Finn, his salesmen, have had a long experience in the clothing trade and have the confidence and pat- ronage of a large circle of friends. All goods are marked in plain figures and guaranteed to be as represented. Ellis & Reilly, Granite and Marble Works, Mountain Grove Street, near Cemetery. — The trade represented by the above house is second to no other of its class which may fairly claim to combine with a manual handicraft the richest embellishments of art. The various forms of marble and granite carvings, polishing and en- graving which have in the present day reached a degree of perfection hitherto unknown, had their origin, rude and unpolished though it was in the remote prehistoric era of an incipient civ- ilization. The perfection attained in this direc- tion may be plainly seen in the work turned out by Messrs. Ellis & Reilly, whose works are locat- ed on Mountain Grove street (near cemetery) where may always be found a large variety of monuments, gravestones, etc., which evince a combination of taste and skill rarely seen in do- mestic manufactures of this kind. Messrs. Ellis & Reilly manufacture and deal both wholesale and retail in monuments, head stones and vaults, coping and all kinds of ceme- tery work. Designs and estimates will be given in Westerly, Niantic, Quincy and all leading granites and marble. Cemetery lettering is also promptly attended to. These gentleman began business in 1883 and have since continued it with marked ability and success. The plant consists of a yard 100x131 feet in dimensions, with ample buildings and facilities for the business, a ten horse -power steam engine being employed in the manufacture. Ten skilled workmen are employed and kept constantly busy. Specimens of their work may readily be seen by a walk through the cemetery, beside many orders from abroad. Mr. Reilly is a native of New York and Mr, Ellis of Maine. They are both practical men with an experience of many years, aud are noted for their skill in execution aud unsurpassed taste in designing this class of work, all of which is done to order aud from original designs. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. The De-Oxidized Metal Co., W. W. Keys, Superintendent, southwest corner Railroad and West Avenues. — This important industry was founded in July, 1885, and in December follow- ing the company was incorporated under its present name. The business has, from its incep- tion, been carried on with marked ability and tact, and the concern is already established among the foremost of Bridgeport's important manufacturing enterprises. The valuable plant of the company is eligibly located on Railroad ave., and comprises two sub- stantial brick buildings, equipped with all the machinery and appliances for the purpose of the company, and a force of skilled workmen are employed in the works, and the facilities for the production of the manufactures of this concern are all that could be desired. The output consists of De Oxidized metals, principally bronze and copper in ingots, wire, tube and castings, also all grades of anti-friction met- als and genuine Babbitt solders and white metals, and in "their ability to supply merchandise of more than standard excellence at lowest margins above cost of production, the company success- fully compete with any house in their line in New England. This metal is used for boilers and digesters where acid or water impregnated with acid would de- stroy an iron boiler. It is the only metal that can be used by pulp manufacturers to convert the wood into paper pulp by the bisulphite process. It is also used for boilers in mines where they are compelled to use sulphurous water. One prominent superiority of the De Oxidized bronze or copper over all other metals is due to the fact that it resists the action of sulphurous and sulphuric acid, muriatic and acetic acids. Exclusive rights to use this metal have been sold for large amounts. The company reserving the right to manufacture for the parties using it. The trade of the company under sagacious management has attained large proportions and extends to all parts of the United States, and the uniform promptitude and honorable methods of those entrusted with the business inspires uni- versal confidence. Mr. Leonard H. Bacon, of Hartford, is the President, Mr. O. C. Smith is the Secretary and Treasurer, and Mr. W. W. Keys is the Superin- tendent, and under his direction the practical details of the work are conducted with most gratifying results. Montignani, Photo Artist, 304 Main Street, over Pequonnock National Bank. — If " a thing of beauty is a joy forever," as we hear so fre- quently asserted, surely a faithful and artistic re-production of a " thing of beauty " is equalty entitled to that high distinction. If such be the case, then Mr. F. M. Montignani, the celebrated photographic artist, of No. 304 Main street, over the Pequonnock National Bank, has been the means of furnishing a source of continual joy to an immense number of people during the fifteen years which he has been established in business here, for as his work is uniformly good, and the faces of those we love ever beautiful to us, his portraits are " things of beauty" from an emotional, as well as from an artistic point of view. At the above address a most elegant suite ot rooms is occupied — one of the handsomest gal- leries in the State — extending over two floors, and replete with all the costly apparatus and magnificent furnishings of a metropolitan photo- graphic studio. Each floor is 28x60 feet in size. All kinds, sizes and styles of portraits are made in the best manner known to the art, and such of our readers as contemplate being photographed but are undecided as to what establishment to pa- tronize may be assured that they cannot possibly do better, both as regards satisfactory results and reasonable prices than they can here. Mr. Montiguani's experience is great, and bis taste unimpeachable. He has had thirty years' experience in Europe and this country, photo- graphed the Queen of England, Prince of Wales, Princess Louise and numerous others — have the references to prove assertions. It will pay to call and examine work. H. M. Purdy, Dealer in Masons' Building Materials, 400 Water Street. — The increase in buildings in and about Bridgeport has made great demand for building materials and energetic and enterprising men have entered 'he field, fur- nishing increased facilities for this branch of business, and prominent among those in Biidge- port is Mr. H. M. Purdy, dealer in masons' building materials. This enterprise was established in 1881 by its present proprietor, and is located at 400 W ater street, covering an area of 220x40 feet, where will be found a large stock of masons' building materials. His arrangements with the manu- facturers of and dealers in the various brands of cement and plaster enable him to quote such materials at the lowest price, he also carries a full line of such building materials as are in demand. Mr. Purdy is a heavy contractor and the extent of his business requires in the building season the employment of fifty very capable workmen, whose skill and ability is evident in the many elegant buildings and private residences in and about this city which have been erected by this able and reliable contractor, among which are: Block of six brick houses on Park avenue, for O. B. Jennings; brick residence for Mrs. Foote corner Broad street and Fairfield avenue; the Myrtle avenue and the Oak street schools; Dew- hurst block. Harriet street; Renickes block, East Main and Hamilton street; G. C.Waldo's resi- dence, Golden Hill street; Griffin & McElroy's packing house, the residences on Park place of H. F. Greenman, F. S. Andrew, T. L. Bartholo- mew, Mrs. Julia Billing, H. C. Clark's resi- dence, Clinton avenue; L. H. Mill's residence, Fairfield and Clinton avenue; Wheeler Beer's block corner Main and East Washington avenue, and many others. This necessarily brief sketch gives at least but a limited account of the resources of this promi- nent contractor, which without exaggeration are equal at least to those possessed by any one in Bridgeport or vicinity, and all interested in this line of business will say that he offers such inducements as render dealing with him profit-' able and ■satisfactory to all concerned. 80 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT W. H. Horr, Dealer in Pianos, Organs and Sheet Music, 96 State Street. — The music trade is well represented in this city. Among the enterpris- ing merchants engaged in this line is Mr. W. H. Horr. Although his business is of but rectnt in- ception, having been established in September 1886, he conducts a very promising and lucrative retail trade in musical instruments and merchan- dise of all kinds. The premises where he conducts his business at present are located at 96 State street, 60 feet in depth, with an adjoining room for the sale of the celebrated Baker pianos, also organs of different makes. Any musical instrument not offered for sale in Bridgeport can be furnished at special prices. These accommodations being inade- quate for the conduct of his steadily increasing business he contemplates moving very soon to larger and more commodious quarters. The musical instruments and merchandise handled by this house comprise some of the best to be ob- tained in the country and the citizens of Bridge- port are respectfully solicited to call and examine this elegant and extensive stock before purchas- ing elsewhere. Mr. W. H. Horr is thoroughly conversant with every branch of the music business and is consid- ered an excellent judge of pianos and organs. He is a very agreeable gentleman to deal with and an expert musician. Ohas. E. Hubbell, Wholesale Dealer in Flour, Grain, Salt, Hay, Straw, etc., 428 and 432 Water Street. — In this work, which is designed to repre- sent the different and diversified character of Bridgeport's resources, it is of course obvious that the flour and grain industry should occupy a very important place. We have elsewhere discoursed on the various houses engaged in this branch of business and we are now about to devote a space to the enterprise of Mr. Chas. E. Hubbell, whose place of business is located at 428 and 432, Water street. This establishment was founded some time ago but was last under the control of Frank O. Green, who was succeeded in May, 1887, by the present proprietor. The business is conducted by him in a first-class manner and has of late largely gained in popularity. Mr. Hubbell is a wholesale dealer in feed, flour, grain, salt, hay, straw, etc., making a specialty of the sale of Jones' Superlative flour so widely known, in which a very extensive busi- ness is thus transacted, which is mainly through- out the State. Mr. Hubbell is well-known to the community having been on the street for the past twenty years and was a member of the old firm of E. E. Hubbell & Sons, which was found- ed in 1848. We will not indulge in personal comment fur- ther than to remark that he is possessed of a complete knowledge of the business and what is required of the trade. William L. Wolfram, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Choice Family Groceries, etc., corner East Main and Maple Streets, East Bridgeport. — Largely engaged in this line of trade we would mention Mr. W. L. Wolfram, who for the past sixteen years has been recognized as a prominent one in promoting the commercial interests of East Bridgeport. This business was established in 1871 by Mr. Wolfram and from its inception gave promise of vitality, which the succeeding years have only rendered more apparent, and at the present time it leads the trade in East Bridgeport and is one of the largest in the city proper. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 81 The premises occupied by him for trade pur- poses comprise an elegant three-story brick build- ing (erected for the purpose) 75x50 feet in dimen- sions. This building was erected under the per- sonal supervision of Mr. Wolfram, who has in- troduced a great many novel inventions which enable him to transact the immense business without any confusion, and at the same time wait on all customers promptly. This stock is without exception the most com- plete in the State. He carries an immense stock of English, French, German and Italian grocer- ies, cheese, Wines, etc., and is enabled to suit the large variety of tastes catered to. He does not charge the fancy prices prevailing in stores of this kind, but everything is sold at most reasona- ble prices. It may safely be asserted that in freshness, quality, and especial variety, the stock carried here has no superior in the city. Aside from a -complete assortment of choice family groceries, teas, coffees, spices, etc., the stock embraces fine brands of family liquors and cigars. All these are offered to the trade and consumers at guar- anteed lowest prices, and are warranted to be genuine and of the best quality. Several assist- ants are required in the orderly management of the business, which is both wholesale and retail. Mr. Wolfram is a native of Germany, and has resided in this city many years, where he is widely known and esteemed. A. Wintter & Co., Lager Beer Brewers; City Brewery, 76 North Washington Avenue. — Amer- icans have some prominent peculiarities which distinguish them as a nation from any other peo- ple on the face of the earth, and one of the most pronounced and most universally recoguized of these idiosyncrasies is a desire to " get The best." We have been lectured time and time again by traveled persons on the shameful lack of economy which even the most humble workingman shows in his purchase of meats, by buying rump steak when a few cents worth of shin bone contains just as much nutriment, even if it has not so fine a flavor. As in food so it is in drink, we "want the best," and the result is, that in the matter of lager beer, for instance, as fine an article is now brewed in this country as is to be found in the world. This statement is made on the authority of our German fellow-citizens, who certainly ought to know, and to whose knowledge and skill this fact is mostly due. Among the many brewing establishments in the Eastern States the " City Brewery," No. 76 North Washington avenue holds a most euviable position for the excellence of its product and the magnitude "of its business. This establishment was founded in 1856, by Mr. John Benz, who was succeeded in 1876 by Mr. A. Wintter, who became associated, in 1882, with Messrs. J. McMahon and P. Wren, under the firm name A. Wintter & Co. Mr. Wintter was formerly connected with the city council, and Mr. Wren, who was previously a member of the same body, and also of the Legislature, is now president of the board of public works. The brewing operations are carried on in four build- ings, a thirty horse-power steam engine being utilized. The output of the concern last year was 16,000 barrels, and the indications are that that large figure will be greatly surpassed the present year. Burns, Silver & Co., Manufacturers of Cabi- net Hardware, Railway specialties, etc. ; Factory, 131 Railroad Avenue. — As supplementing some of the leading industries of the country in pro- ducing cabinet hardware and railway specialties, this well known company has for nearly two years occupied a prominent position among the manufacturing interests of Bridgeport. The company was incorporated in November, 1885, and have from that date, on a scale of large proportions, successfully conducted a driving business. Messrs. Burns, Silver & Co. 's works on Rail- road Avenue, are very thoroughly equipped with valuable, improved machinery operated by steam. The factory building is three stories in height, and 35x70 feet in dimensions. An addition 40x 100 is now being erected to accommodate their rapidly increasing trade, and a force of seventy- five skilled workmen are at present employed in the several departments of the business. The output comprises the best qualities and a large varkty of specialties in cabinet hardware and railroad supplies, of standard excellence, which are supplied to jobbers at smallest possible advance on cost of production. The New York office is at No. 13 Barclay street. The officers of the company are as follows: President, S. A. Burns; vice-president and sec- retary, John S. Silver; treasurer, C. A. Cook, and in their hands the important interests of the company are well and faithfully subserved. H. H. Robinson, Furniture Moving, Truck- ing; also, Livery and Boarding Stables, 21 Elm Street. — A well equipped and popular establish- ment is that conducted by Mr. H. H. Robinson, at No. 21 Elm street, as a livery, sale and board- ing stable. It was founded some two years ago by Mr. W. R. Lewis, having been in the hands of its present proprietor about a year. A two- story brick building is occupied, having accom- modations for twenty horses, and a brisk and increasing business is done. Horses and car- riages will be promptly furnished for all occa- sions at reasonable rates, neat and stylish tf ams only being supplied. A specialty is made of the removal of furniture and general trucking, and as all the facilities for such work are at hand and only skillful and experienced men employed satisfaction is confidently guaranteed. The most costly and delicate furniture may be entrusted to Mr. Robinson, with a surety that it will be carefully and properly handled, and that no accidents will happen during its trans- portation that can be avoided by skill and long- experience. The lowest prices are charged for this service, and many orders are executed. Trucking work of all kinds will be faithfully and promptly done, and every effort made to please customers. For the convenience of parties wishing to store their property, Mr. Robinson has a commodious store- house where he will let space at very reasonable rates. The building is of brick, with ele- vator. 82 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. A. H. Taylor, Manager Loomis' Temple of Music, 16 Fairfield Avenue. — The Bridgeport branch of the well-known "Loomis' Temple of Music" — so ably managed by Mr. A. H. Taylor who has had charge for the past four years, is located at No. 16 Fairfield avenue. The busi- ness has grown to enormous proportions and is still on the increase, and extends throughout this section. The store is a commodious structure and an additional room of the same size affords storage for the immense stock of pianos of leading makers and for general purposes of trade. The appearance of the interior of the store is sugges- tive of that efficient careful supervision which pervades the entire management of this vast con- cern. The music room located in the rear con- tains a large number of piano? and organs, among which may be found Chickering & Sons, Malhu- shek, Steck & Company, Hallet & Davis, New England, C. fl. Stone & Company pianos, Wil- cox & White, New England, and Smith Ameri- can organs. The C. M. Loomis Company, under the manage- ment of A. H. Taylor, are the sole agents for these celebrated instruments; several experienced salesmen are employed in this store, and every thing denotes the energy and ability shown by Mr. Taylor in conducting this enterprise. We commend this house to our many readers at home and abroad as a thoroughly reliable one with which to deal. A full stock of all kinds of musi- cal instruments,violins,banjos, accordions, guitars, strings, etc., etc., and sheet music, including the latest publications will always be found at this es- tablishment, and Mr. Taylor is always prepared for any demands made upon him. No business firm in the State is more reliable than this, and from the grand success it has achieved in the past and the present rate of increase in business, it is difficult to estimate the future possibilities which await the progress of this enterprising house. The pianos and organs dealt in by this firm have a world wide reputation and the aggregate sales in the course of a year reach a very large figure. Mr. Taylor is a native of Salem, Mass., and his thorough knowledge of musical instruments is of great service to all desiring to purchase or rent a piano or organ. Hubbell & Curtis, Dealers in Furniture of all Descriptions, 385 Main Street, Citizens' Building. — The oldest established and also one of the most widely and favorably known furniture establish- ment in Bridgeport, is that conducted by Messrs. Hubbell & Curtis, at No. 385 Main street, Citi- zens' building. This enterprise was started forty years ago, and has steadily grown in popular favor and patronage. Three floors are occupied each 100x80 feet in dimensions and an enormous stock of furniture of all descriptions is constantly on baud. Both a wholesale and retail business is done, and all goods are offered at the very low- est price, consistent with good and honest work- manship. The firm consists of Messrs. F. Hub- bell and C. Curtis, both these gentlemen being universally known and very highly respected citizens. Mr. Curtis is a director of the Bridge- port National bank. The goods handled by this firm are as varied as they are reliable, and it should be mentioned that Undertaking in all its branches is done, this department being on Can- non street, second door from Main. This house is one of Bridgeport's representative in- stitutions, and is a splendid example of what may be accomplished by energy and integrity. J. M. F. Peterson & Co., Painters and Deco- rators, Interior Decorations in Fresco and Wall Papers, 270 Main street, corner Union, opposite Recreation Hall. — One of the most enterprising and successful houses engaged in business as painters and decorators in this city is that of LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Messrs. J. M. F. Peterson & Company, located at No. 270 Main street, corner of Union. It was established here four years ago but Mr. Peterson had been in business since 1862 and had had seven years experience before then. As the excellence of work became quickly known he soon built up a very large and increasing busi- ness. Two rooms are occupied for an office and show parlors, the paint and work shop being op posite. From fifteen to twenty hands are em- ployed, and the very finest and most artistic work is done. A very extensive and varied stock of wall papers and other decorative ar- ticles is carried, and orders for paper hanging will be executed with the highest skill and the greatest despatch. Interior decorations in fresco form an im- portant department of the firm's business, and great skill and taste is displayed in the filling of orders in this line. Designs and estimates of any work desired will be furnished on applica- tion to all parts of the country, and perfect satis- faction is guaranteed to all customers, both as regards design and execution. The office has telephone connections and all orders so received will be given prompt attention. Mr. Peterson is a, native of Sweden and has had a large and ex- ceptional experience in the business he pursues both in that country and the United States. His taste is unimpeachable and his charges moderate. W. B. Bostwick & Co., Manufacturers of But- tons. — When one, either in the line of business or otherwise, has occasion to investigate to ^some degree the button manufactories of the country he is tempted to put beside the famous -conundrum "What becomesofall the pins?'" an- other one — "What becomes of all the buttons'?" Pins are at the best but a makeshift and are chief- ly used as temporary substitutes for buttons, so that logically there should be more buttons used than pins, and there can be but little doubt but what there are. A single concern in Bridgeport, making a specialty of vegetable ivory and wood- en buttons, turns out from 330 to 500 gross per day, and of course this house is but one of many of varying extent • W. B. Bostwick & Co., the concern referred to above, occupy a factory containing two floors, each 40x100 feet and employ seventy-rive hands. This enterprise was original^ established in 1866 and in 1884 come under the control of Mr. W. B. Bostwick, being ihen located in New Milford. In 1885 the present firm was formed Mr. D. B. Seward being taken into partnership, and the business was removed to this city. Both partners are natives of New Milford, Con- necticut, and are keen, energetic business men. The goods manufactured are recognized as stand- ards in the trade and the rapid growth of the business indicates a bright future for this repre- sentative house. J. B. Barnaby & Co., Bridgeport Branch, 438 Main Street. — If there is one business in this country that is in the hands of men of consummate ability who do not hesitate to spend their money like water to advance their interest, it is that of ready-made clothing. The most magnificent stores on the principal thoroughfares are almost monopolized by this branch of trade and so keen is the competition nowadays that the profit on the average suit of clothes is so small that only an enormous trade will pay at all. There are cer- tain houses in the clothing line that are generally acknowledged (publicly by friends and privately by enemies and competitors) to be by long odds the leaders, both as regards the character and the volume of the business they do and foremost among these stands the firm of J. B. Barnaby & Co. As the branch of this mammoth establishment in this city was only opeued during the current year our readers have not as yet probably become familiar with the many advantages gained by purchasing clothing here, but such of them as have friends in Providence, R. I., where the main»Jiou.se is, or in Boston, Mass , where a huge branch has gained the most brilliant success, despite the most severe and carefully organized opposition with which it has had to contend, can easily find out tke esteem in which this enterprise is held by those best acquainted with it. The Bridgeport house is located at No. 438 Main street and is under the able management of Mr. A. O. Norton and has for assistant super- intendent Mr. Chas. W. Hull. The store is 105x35 feet in dimensions and con- tains an enormous stock of fashionably cut cloth- ing, which is offered at bottom prices. "Once a customer always a customer" has been the ex- perience of this house in other cities and we see no reason to doubt that the result will be the same here. Bommos & Biltz, Retail Dealers in Meats of all kinds, a'so Vegetables, Butter, Eggs, etc., etc., Market 33 State Street. — One of the most largely patronized markets in this city is that conducted by Messrs. Bommos & Biltz, at No. 33 State street. It was established ten years ago, and has steadily gained in popular favor until it has attained its present extensive trade. A fine retail business is done in meats of all kinds, but- ter, cheese and eggs, etc. The store occupied is 24x80 feet in dimensions, and in the rear is carried on a shop in which the rendering of lard and the manufacture of sau- sages, etc., is conducted. Employment is afforded to six hands, and all customers are assured prompt and courteous at- tention. The stock carried is very large and a sufficient variety is offered to satisfy all tastes. As some of the goods for sale, such as lard, sau- sages, etc., are manufactured under the personal supervision of the firm, they can confidently warrant their purity and entire freedom from noxious or improper materials, and this fact, no doubt, explains to a great degree the very large business which this house does in these articles. Fresh vegetables of all kinds, in their season, are on hand, and pure creamery butter and fresh country eggs are also dealt in. The firm consists of Messrs. F. C. Bommos, Jr., and C. M. Biltz, both these gentlemen being well known citizens and universally respected. Mr. Charles M. Biltz was born in the year 1852 at Weisbaden, Germany. F. C. Bommos, Jr., was born in Lynchburg, Va. , in the year of 1856 ; elected to the Common Council on the Republi- can ticket in the spring of '87 from the second ward. 84 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. I,;;;; UlStlliU , |!!i;illll!l!ll!llll!5?5 1 !! ! f piiiiiiiiiihiiifiippsmjjiiisHiHniisiiisiis!!; The New Howe Manufacturing Co., .lolin P. Kennedy, President; E. Parmly, Secretary and Treasurer. — Under auspices the most favor- able, the New Howe Manufacturing Company have lately begun the manufacture of sewing machines in Bridgeport, as successors to The Howe Machine Co., and the future of the con- cern gives promise of great usefulness. The company was organized and incorporated in November, 1886, and have inaugurated their important work on a scale of large proportions, with abundant resources and every facility for their purposes. The new company are the sole proprietors of valuable patented improvements, which bring the old Howe sewing machines to the highest point of perfection, and as now per- fected these always popular machines are rapidly taking the lead in public favor. The factories of The New Howe Manufacturing Company comprise two immense blocks of brick buildings, four stories in height, formerly occu- pied by The Howe Machine Company, which have been greatly improved in their equipment, and every facility for successful operations is possessed by the new concern. This company also manufactures grey iron castings of light and medium weight. The president of the company is Mr. John P. Kennedy, and Mr. E. Parmly is the efficient secretary and treasurer. They are men of exceptional business ability and energy, and the success of the enterprise seems abundantly assured. James E. Hair, Pharmacist, 42 Railroad Avenue, near Main Street. — The profession of the druggist is one that deserves the most appre- ciative consideration from the residents of the. community in which it is located, as in no other [ line of trade can the knowledge and aid of the proprietor be called upon in time of need to alleviate the ills and suffering of the human ibody; and prominent among these public bene- factors of Bridgeport is the well-known estab- J lishment of James E. Hair, which was first | started in 1881, and although established in busi- I ness but a comparatively short time, Dr. Hair has had eleven years of experience in phar- macy. The premises occupied by him for the trans- action of business are located at 42 Railroad avenue, where is displayed a fine and complete stock of drugs, medicines, etc. The store, which is of medium size, is nicely appointed, and fur- nished with a soda fountain, show cases, etc., and a fine assortment of toilet articles usually dealt in by all druggists. Dr. Hair is a thorough chemist, and the ut- most care and attention is paid to the compound- ing of physicians' prescriptions, and the public are assured that none but the purest of drugs and medicines are used in the preparation of the same. James E. Hair is a native of England, and his success is justly merited. We can assure all customers that they will meet with prompt and gentlemanly attention. In addition to his large trade in drugs and patent medicines, he is the proprietor of several well known preparations, among which Hair's Syrup of Tar, Wild Cherry and Horehound has already enjoyed a large sale. Dr. Hair is an able veterinary surgeon, making canine diseases a specialty, and his thorough knowledge of medicine is of great assistance in his practice. His dog medicines, which are the practical results of over forty years' experience with all kinds of dogs, embrace Distemper pow- LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT.. s:, ders, 500; Alterative powders, 50^; Mange cure, 350 and 750 per bottle; Worm powders, 500; Canker wash, 500; Tonic pills, 500; Keunel soap 250. All diseases of the dog treated. The above medicims, put up in powder form, can be sent to any part of the United States on receipt of price. Consultation by mail a spe- cialty. His custom extends all over the United States, and dogs have been sent long distances lor treatment. The medicines have been used in England since 1829. They can also be obtained through any druggist. John S. Atkinson, Wholesale and Retail Deal er in Harness, Blankets, Trunks, Bags, Sole Leather and Shoe Findings, Boot and Shoe Up- pers, corner of Fairfield Avenue and Middle Street. — Omitting nothing that contributes to a disclosure of the industries and advantages of Bridgeport we make mention in our volume of the advantages offered to the public in the well ordered and well conducted harness shop of Mr. John S. Atkinson that has during the past sixty odd years supplied not only the trade of Bridge- port, but the surrounding country with a com- plete assortment of harness, horse clothing, trunks, bags and every article made or carried in a first class shop, all of which are sold to the trade at producing prices. "^. This business was established in 1824 by Han- ford Lyon, succeeded in turn by Lyon, Harrall & Co., Harrall, Calhoun & Co., Calhoun, Lacey & Co., Lacey, Meeker & Co., Meeker & Shelton, Shelton & Lyon, and came under the present management eight years ago. The premises occupied are located at the cor- ner of Fairfield avenue and Middle street and consist of two floors 24x50 feet in area finely equipped. Employment is given to a large force of skilled hands. The trade is both wholesale and retail and is very extensive. The goods manufactured and kept in stock consist of har- ness, blankets, trunks, bags, sole leather and shoe findings, boot and shoe uppers, etc. No house in this business in Bridgeport possesses finer facili- ties for producing first-class work at reasonable prices than the establishment of Mr. Atkinson, who is a native of this city and a highly esteemi d citizen. In conclusion we may remark that the reputa- tion of the house for liberality and enterprise is not excelled by any contemporary concern, while the superior character of its products makes it one of the most desirable houses in the trade with which to establish pleasant and profitable relations. Seeley's Stables, 448 Broad Street, next to St. John's Hall, also Office of Bridgeport Cab Co. — Seeley & Co., proprietors. A liberal- ly conducted and hence highly popular Bridgeport establishment is that under the con- trol of Seeley & Co., located at No. 448 Broad street, next door to St. John's Hall. The excel- lent livery stables which this firm carry on were established ten years ago by Mr. Jno. Jones wbo was succeeded by the present propiietor four years ago. Two floors are occupied, their size being 50x100 feet, giving a capacity for forty horses and about an equal number of vehicles Light livery, hacks and landaus are to let at all times and new and elegant coaches furnished for public occasions such as funerals, weddings, re- ceptions, or calls, when desired, at popular rates. The firm consists of Messrs. S. M. Seeley and L. M. Seeley, both these gentlemen being natives of this State. They take genuine pride in keep- ing up to the high standard they early establish- ed for themselves in the matter of furnishing fine appearing teams to the public. They also eon- duct the popular Bridgeport Cab Co. In sup- plying the cheapest and best method of convey- ance to points in and about the city, the compa- ny have accomplished a beneficent work, and the appreciation of the public has been abundantly manifested in the large and steadily growing patronage of the concern. To accommodate the trade of the company, a large number of stylish cabs and light carriages are constantly at hand for weddings, funerals, shopping, calling or for conveyance to the depot or boat. A force of competent drivers are em- ployed who are selected with special reference to their sobriety, honesty, careful driving and courtesy to passengers. Mills' Pavilion, Main Street, Opposite Seaside Park. — There are few people who do not delight in a first class clam-bake, when properly cooked and served, and in this connection we would call the attention of our out-of town readers to the enterprise of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. H, Mills, proprietors of the celebrated Mills' pavilion, lo- cated on Main street, near Seaside Park. No one engaged in this business more thoroughly understands the wants of the public than the proprietors of this place, who bend every energy to give satisfaction to all. They established this business in 1884, and have each season since catered to the public in a satisfactory manner, and at reasonable prices. The pavilion consists of one story, 80x100 feet in dimensions, admirably arranged for the com- fort of the guests. Polite and attentive assist- ants are in attendance, and are courteous in their treatment of all. A specialty is made of preparing clam bakes for picnic and other parties, and the terms will be found very reasonable."" Mr. Mills is a native of Bridgeport, and is a gentleman of energy and ability, thoroughly experienced in all the details of the business he has in charge. We advise all visitors to this city during the summer months not to forget Mills' pavilion, as they will do themselves a favor by giving this popular resort a trial. A fine band stand is erected in the center of the pavi ion. and the floor is fine for dancing. Sli LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. ■dKcjin.u.K.S' Edwin Edwards & Son, Atlantic and Fair- field Avenue Stables, 533 Water Street, opposite Depot, and 102 and 104 Fairfield Avenue. — As proprietors of the Atlantic and the Fairfield ave- nue stables, the two leading livery establishments in Bridgeport, the well known firm of Edwin Edwards & Son have for years been successfully- engaged in business in this city. The enterprise was inaugurated by the senior member of the firm over twenty years ago, and from the first the business has been conducted with that re- gard for the wants and interests of patrons, that the patronage of the establishment has steadily increased, and the reputation of the old house for square dealing and reliability has alwaj r s been maintained. The Atlantic Stable is located at No. 533 Water street, near the Atlantic Hotel, and the other is situated on Fairfield avenue, Nos. 102 and 104, on that beautiful thoroughfare. The stables are models of convenience and complete- ness in their appointments and arrangements, with excellent accommodations for over one hundred head of horses. A large number of stylish and serviceable horses and elegant cabs, hacks, carriages and other vehicles are kept for livery purposes, and nobby teams with careful drivers are provided for business or pleasure purposes at short notice and most reasonable terms. Special rates for funerals, weddings and excursion parties are made, and orders by telephone have prompt at- tention day or night. Horses placed to board have best of care and attention. The Messrs. Edwards (Edwin and L. E.) are both natives of Connecticut, and are live, re- sponsible business men and influential citizens. A. L. Winton, Dealer in Flour, Feed, and Grain, also Berkshire Store and Coal Co., Coal, Wood and Groceries, Berkshire Mills, head North Washington Avenue, Depot Winton's Block, 216 and 218 Middle Street, adjoining 5's Engine House, A. L Winton, Proprietor. — An old es- tablished and very widely known Bridgeport business enterprise is that so ably conducted by Mr. A. L. Winton at Berkshire mills, and Nos. 216 and 21 8 Middle street. It was founded 22 years ago and proved a decided success from the start under the skilful guidance of the proprietor who is the oldest in this business. At the Berk shire mills, three floors are occupied 60x80 feet in dimensions, and a very heavy stock is carried of wheat, rye and graham flour, meal, feed, grain, grass seed, hay, straw, fertilizers, axle grease, coal, etc. Mr. Winton has one decided advan- tage over most other dealers in flour, etc. , in this city, as being the proprietor of the well known Berkshire mills which are thoroughly equipped with appliances for the grinding of flour, grist, etc. ; he is in a position to know thoroughly the character of the goods he sells and to confidently warrant their purity and general desirability. Also sells the highest grades of Western patent flours. Both a wholesale and retail business is done in coal and grain. A number of men are at hand to give all orders prompt attention. The fertilizers on sale are such as have proved their value in actual practical use and will be found free from adulteration and first-class in every re- spect. Mr. Winton was born in Fairfield county and is a representative and highly esteemed citizen who is widely known throughout the city. Bridgeport is his native place, but he went early in life to the town of Weston, from whence at about the age of twenty-one, he went into the business world for himself. He is prominent among those who have earned their own fortunes. His rule through life has been to pursue an up- right course, and he has thus been enabled to triumph over all difficulties. In connection with the mill, a country store is maintained from which near residents may supply themselves with all needed articles for their families without making a journey to the city center. Near the mill a large coal yard is con- ducted, and from it is dispensed from 3,000 to 5,000 tons of coal each year, and a pretty respect- able business is done in cord and kindling wood. The mill is a sort of centre of exchange, farmers bringiug wood and other products and taking pay in coal. A visit to the mill at any hour of the day proves conclusively how important it is to the people as a center of accommodation. Linehan Bros.. Dealers in Fancy and Staple Groceries; also, Foreign and Domestic Liquors, Corner Myrtle Avenue and Austin Street. — Among the establishments in Bridgeport that deserve favorable mention is that of Linehan Bros., located corner of Myrtle avenue and Aus- tin street. The business was started in 1883 by the pres- ent firm, and being gentlemen of wide experi- ence, their ability and enterprise have gained for them a constantly increasing patronage. The premises occupied comprise a commodi- ous store, consisting of a double store, floor 50x 50 feet in dimensions, and basement, appropri- ately fitted up with every facility. A fine and complete stock is carried, embracing everything essential to the grocery trade; also, foreign and domestic liquors. Messrs. Linehan Bros, are prepared to offer their patrons the very best the market affords, at low prices, and as goods are received direct from leading jobbers and manufacturers in large quantities, the proprietors can afford to offer inducements in prices and quality and variety of stock, that can be duplicated by few and excelled hy none. We commend this house to those desiring the choicest goods at lowest prices. Five capable assistants are employed to wait on customers, which is done in a polite and prompt manner. The proprietors number their patrons and friends by the score. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 87' The Co-Operative Life and Accident Associ- tion, G. W. Lewis, Manager, Room 7 Warner's Building. — Combining all the desirable features of mutual life and accident insurance, the Co-op- erative Life and Accident Company of the Unit- ed States has been inaugurated under the most favorable auspices, and in five years it has ac- complished a work of greatest beneficence. The membership at the present writing is 4,000 and the amount for which they are insured is over $12,000,000. By furnishing to members full accident indem- nity without additional expense for fees or dues, while their life policies are in force, the associa- tion has brought within reach of all classes the benefits of both accident and life insurance at actual cost. Any person of good moral character and in good health, under sixty-five years of age and not under seventeen years of age, is eligible to membership in this association, and on the pay- ment of an admission fee of $6.00, and of assess- ments limited to $4, the amount of the annual dues, and $1 to the accident fund, is entitled to $10 weekly indemnity in case of accident, and the beneficiaries to $1,000 at death. Policies are issued for $1,000 to $10,000 insur- ance in case of death, $10 to $25 weekly indem- nity in case of accident, in one membership upon the mutual benefit plan. The officers are, E. C. Hazard, President; Wm. C. Jones, Vice-Presi- dent; Wm. T. Mersereau, Treasurer; Lewis A. Osborn, Secretary. The Association was organ- ized in 1882 to meet the requirements of business men, and all who desire to carry life insurance separately from all investment. Its steady, solid growth, and the endorsement of the best business and financial men of this and other cities, un- questionably guarantees the practicability, safety and popularity of this system of insurance. The standing of the officers and board of direc- tors is a sufficient guarantee of the ability, pru- dence and integrity of the management. Mr. Geo. W. Lewis, the general manager for Connecticut, is one of the directors of this reli- able Association, and his office is located at Boom 7, Warner building, Main street, where all information is cheerfully furnished, and member- ship secured. He is a reliable, accurate business man, and fullest faith in his worth universally obtains. L. H. Mills, Plumber, Steam and Gas Fitter, 36 and 38 Middle Street. — Prominent among the leading firms of this city stands the establishment of Mr. L. H. Mills, which is located at Nos. 36 and 38 Middle Street. This enterprise was start- ed 26 years ago, being known at its inception as the Bradbury & Wilmot Manufacturing Com- pany of which Mr. Mills, the present Proprietor, was the Superintendent. This gentleman has had sole control for some eight years and has built up an enormous bus-iness, which requires the occupancy of two floors, each 20x60 feet in dimensions, and the employment of some seven- teen skilled hands. Plumbing and steam and gas fitting of all descriptions are done in the best pos- sible manner at short notice, and all jobbing or order work is promptly done, satisfaction being fully guaranteed. It is certainly a great advan- tage when giving orders for work of this kind to feel that you are dealing with a strictly reputable and responsible house, especially when, as in the case with the establishment under discussion, work is done at the lowest possible rates. A heavy stock of plumbers' and gas fitters' mate- rials is constantly carried, and every facility is at hand to accommodate the immense business done. J. O. Davies, Stair Builder, Seeley Street off Cottage Street. — The difficulty and nicety of stair building has made it a special industry, separate and apart from house building, and it requires men of a mechanical turn of mind to become ex- perts in this line. Mr. J. C. Davies whose name heads this sketch, commenced here in 1879 as a professional stair builder. His location is favorable, being on Seeley street, and his shop, which occupies two stories, 50x50 feet in dimensions, besides addi- tional buildings, is furnished with all the needed machinery for modern style work. Employment is furnished to five skilled work- men who are professional stair builders. The work of this establishment from its beginning has been of a superior class and the business has consequently rapidly increased, and at present is- coming from nearly ail parts of the country. Mr. Davies carries in stock, well seasoned mater- ials, so that he is prepared at all times to supply the trade with such and to promptly fill all orders sent to him from abroad. Stair rails, balusters- and posts are furnished to order, promptly. He has built the stairs of many of Bridgeport's most elegant public buildings as well as private resi- dences. Specimens of his work may be seen in Sanford's Block, Park avenue ; W. F. Sword's, Broad street; J. W. Birdseye, Fairfield avenue; Gaylord's Block, Connecticut National Bank, Fred Sailer's Block, Bank street, and Chauncy Morton's, Fairfield avenue. Mr. Davies is a native of New York, and he is recognized as fair and honorable in all business transactions and enjoys the confidence of the general public in an eminent degree. T. M. Barber, Bread, Cake and Pies; Bakery, 143 Myrtle Avenue. — Barber's bakery, located at No. 143 Myrtle avenue, is one of the most relia- ble in Bridgeport, and deserves honorable men- tion at our hands. The business was founded in 1887 by T. M. Barber, the present proprietor, who is a thorough master of everything pertain- ing to the business and has, during the short period he has been established, built up a trade upon a sound and permanent basis. He occupies two floors of the building on Myrtle avenue, covering an area of 52x19 feet. The store and bakery are well equipped, and have every convenience and facility at hand for promptly facilitating the business in all its vari- ous departments. He has made it an invariable rule to use nothing but absolutely pure material, and upon this substantial basis in all his business dealings he has won a wide reputation and in- stant appreciation from all who buy his goods. He has developed a fine wholesale as well as family trade, and his bread, cake and pastry is highly esteemed for its freshness, absolute purity and low prices. Experienced hands are employed in this establishment. ss LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. F. A. Bartram & Co., Packers and Wholesale Provision Dealers, 439, 441 and 443 Water Street. — This old house has a history coincident with the wonderful growth of Bridgeport as a trade center, and its influence in building up the industries of the city has been appreciated and sensibly felt. The business was started about thirty-five years ago by Mr. F. A. Bartram, and for the past thirteen years has been conducted under the above firm name and style. The Messrs. Bartram have long been the lead- ing packers and provision dealers in this city and section, and the trade they have developed is a large item in the great aggregate of business cen- tering here. The extensive warehouse of the firm is eligibly located at Nos. 439, 441 and 443 Water street and comprises a large substantial three story building 75x100 feet in dimensions, equipped in the most admirable manner for the dispatch of business, and affording every convenience for the storage and handling of merchandise. The proximity to the N. Y., N. H. & H. railroad gives ample facilities for receipt and shipment of goods, and the resources of the house to meet every requirement of their wide-spread trade with dealers throughout this and adjoining States are all that could be desired. The abat- toir of the firm is large and complete, and the operations of the house necessitate the employ- ment of a force of twenty-five to thirty work- men. The Messrs. Bartram handle immense quanti- ties of fresh and cured pork, provisions, etc.. and supply the trade at lowest wholesale rates, and in quality, as in prices, the firm successfully compete with any house in their line in New York or New England. Messrs. F. A., Geo. H., and Edgar B. Bar- tram comprise this responsible, representative firm. They are all "natives and to the manner born," and are recognized as successful leaders in their line of mercantile enterprise — andestima ble and influential citizens. Wm. H. Mclntyre, 430 Main Street.— This establishment, which ranks among the .leading business houses of Bridgeport, is one of the largest in the city dealing in fancy goods and toys. Mr. Wm. H. Mclntyre, the present proprietor, established the business two years ago, and to his superior skill, able management and untiring industry, is due in a great measure the progress and success which has been attained during its career. A large and varied stock is carried, including foreign and domestic wools, notions and embroidery silks, toys, baskets, wagons, velocipedes, doll carriages, etc., a specialty of the house being stamping of all kinds of em- broidery work, etc. This house possesses every facility known to the trade for giving his patrons and friends extra inducements, both in low prices and excellent quality of goods sold. The customers of this well known house com- prise many of our best citizens, who testify to its popularity. Five clerks are here employed, all of whom are courteous and polite and ever ready to attend to the wants of customers. The store occupied covers an area of 18x90 feet, and is centrally located at No. 420 Main street, and is filled with one of the largest stocks of goods to be found in any similar establishment in the city. Mr. Mclntire is a native of Bridgeport, and is very enterprising and energetic. His business standing and general reputation, as well as the liberal manner in which the business is conducted is a subject of the most favorable comment. H. W. Lyon, Manufacturer of Corsets, 88 Middle Street. — With most gratifying results, Mr. H. W. Lyon has for seven years conducted in Bridgeport one of the most complete and suc- cessful corset factories in New England, and his trade is one of the large items in the sum total of business which has given to the town her wonderful growth and prosperity. He has occupied his present location on Middle street for two years, and the establishment is a model of completeness in equipment and ap- pointments; the valuable machinery being oper- ated by a steam engine, and a force of from 80 to 100 operatives find employment in the factory. Mr. Lyon manufactures large quantities of all kinds and styles of corsets, and has facilities both for general work and for filling special orders equal to any requirement of his extensive trade. Prompt, energetic, ai d always to be depended upon, Mr. Lyon's methods and worth have the established confidence of customers and corre- spondents. He is a native of Bridgeport, and is a gentle- man of untiring energy, enterprise and push. Mr. Lyon has recently added the manufacture of corset waists in all sizes. C. A. Kane & Co., Druggist and Apothecary. 61G Main Street. — Among the many attractive business enterprises of Bridgeport, none is more deserving of notice than the pharmacy of C. A. Kane & Co., located at 616 Main street. This establishment was founded in 1875. The present firm assumed control in April, 1887, and has since occupied an enviable position in the trade. The premises occupied are spacious and conven- ient, being 18x55 feet in dimensions, and the stock shown embraces a full and complete line of drugs and chemicals, together with an assort- ment of such specialties as are usually to be found in a first-class pharmacy. The display of case goods and fancy articles rivals that shown by many of his competitors. The large retail trade of this house requires the employment of two thoroughly skilled and reli- able clerks, and Mr. Kane being an experienced druggist, the prescription department is managed with a skill and intelligence which has given the house an enviable reputation in the trade. The neat and attractive appearance of this store and fine stock of toilet goods, etc., handled, has done much to make it a favorite resort for those desirous of obtaining first-class goods in this line. Mr. Kane is a native of Massachusetts. Edu- cated to his profession he has acquired a profi- ciency that has placed him in a high position in the trade. Enterprising and reliable, cautious and exact, he has secured the confidence of the public to a marked degree, a confidence to which his early training has made him the just recipient. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 89 Bridgeport Patent Leather Manufacturing Company, Camion Street. — The old saying lias it — " There's nothing like leather," and certainly when you come to think of it you find that, sure enough, it is a unique material and one whose place could be filled by no substitute. The raw hide is made up into very many widely differing products, prominent among these is that in which a beautiful and brilliant gloss is given to the surface, and which is so universally known under the name of " Patent Leather." One of the oldest established and most successful concerns manufacturing this article is the Bridge- port Patent Leather Manufacturing Co., which was established under its present name in 1849. the same business having previously been carried on by Mr. S. J. Patterson, now the president and treasurer of the company. The works are very extensive, eight buildings being occupied, cover- ing ground of the dimensions of 226x165 feet, and the motive power is afforded by an engine of forty-five horse-power. Fifty hands are employed The General Manager and Secretary of the com- pany is Mr. John E. Pond, who is one of the best-known men in the city, he having been Town Auditor, a member of the Common Coun- cil, and also of the Board of Police Commis sioners. Mr. Patterson was also formerly con- nected with the Common Council, and is very highly respected in the community. The Board of Directors of the company consist of the fol- lowing gentlemen: Mr. S. J. Patterson, Mr. John "E." Pond. Mr. F. C. Nichols, Mr. 8. H. Patterson, and Mr. C. H. Capen. Henry Carstesen, Proprietor of State Street Stables, 236 State Street, and West End Stables, Colorado Avenue, Livery, Sales and Boarding; Strict attention given to Boarding of Private Horses; Weddings, Parties and Funerals promptly attended to. — One of the greatest con- veniences of a large city is a complete and well regulated livery, sales and boarding stable, and one of the most popular of these, located in Bridgeport, is the one owned and conducted by Henry Carstesen. These stables were established in Julj r , 1885, by Raymond & Carstesen, and continued by them until September, of the same year, when Mr. Carstesen assumed full control, since which time he has succeeded in making his stables so popular, that they to-day rank among the most prominent in Bridgeport, The premises, which are located at 236 State street, comprise a three story brick building, which have excellent accommodations for sixty head of horses and every facility for the comfort and rest of horses while in the care of this stable; the stalls are large, well lighted and ven- tilated, in fact, every convenience is to be ob- tained here that can be found in an}' first-class livery, sales and boarding stables Particular at- tention is paid to boarding of private horses. All orders for weddings, parties, and funerals promptly attended to. Stylish and first-class teams furnished for all occasions. Also most re- liable and competent drivers, if desired. Mr. Carstesen's long residence in this city, his genial manner and honorable business transac- tions has gained him the high esteem and respect of our citizens At the West End Mr. Carstesen has recently opened another fully appointed livery and board- ing stable on Colorado avenue, called the West End Stables, where residents of that section will find every advantage in the way of fine horses and carriages. Telephone connections from both. The Wheel and Wood Bending Company, Manufacturers of Wheels, Spokes, Bubs, Bent Felloes, Carriage Bows, Shafts, Poles, Beds, etc., 76 John Street. — As a source of supply i for carriage builders, the wheel and wood bend- I ing establishment of the company of that name I at Bridgeport has long occupied a prominent I place among the industrial interests, and has largely contributed to the great volume of the trade of the city. The business was inaugurated in 1850 by Messrs. Smith & Barlow, and the trade of the house outgrowing the resources for supply, the stock company, as at present con- stituted, was organized and incorporated about twenty years ago, since which time, with greatly increased facilities, the work has been conducted on a scale of large proportions. The bending works comprise a large three-story building 30x125 feet in dimensions, supplied "throughout with valuable improved machinery driven by steam, and the extensive trade of the concern necessitates the employment of fifty hands. The output of these works embraces wheels, spokes, hubs, bent felloes, carriage bows, shafts, poles, beds, etc., in all the most desirable styles, and in quality, warranted unsurpassed in every partic- ular. The company carry in stock a large assort- ment of seasoned wood work for carriages,, available for immediate use, and orders for special work of every description in this range of merchandise are executed with dispatch. Mr. Horace Smith is the president, Mr. Horace W. Smith, secretary, and E. C. Smith, treasurer^ of this representative company. They are natives of Connecticut, and possess unmistakably the executive ability, tact and energy which insures success in any field of business enterprise. N. Buckingham & Co., Manufacturers of and Dealers in Furniture of all kinds, 387 and 389' Water Street. — One of the most universally known and probably the oldest established house of the kind in Bridgeport, is that conducted by Messrs. N. Buckingham & Co., at Nos. 387 and 389 Water street. This firm are manufacturers of and dealers in furniture of all kinds, the busi- ness having been founded by Mr. N. Buckingham half a century ago. The business is now owned and conducted by Mr. C. B. Buckingham, under the present style. Four floors are occupied, each of the dimensions of 80x100 feet, and upwards of twenty hands are given constant employment. A large and varied stork is carried of all descrip- tions of furniture, and as the goods are manufac- tured under the personal supervision of Mr^ Buckingham, the high standard so long ago es- tablished for the productions of this house is strictly adhered to. Many beautiful and novel designs arc shown and the workmanship and material exhibited in these articles are honest and first-class in every particular. A full guar- antee is given that all goods will prove to be precisely as represented, and the prices at which they are sold are wonderfully low for goods of such uniform and high excellence. 30 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. John Rutherford, Mason and Builder, and Dealer in Brick, Lime, Cement, Building Stone and Plaster; Office, West End Lower Bridge (opposite Railroad Depot). — A very old-estab- lished business enterprise and one that long ago was accorded the high position which it now holds in the trade and with the general public, is that so ably and successfully conducted for the past 26 years by Mr. John Rutherford. This gentleman carries on the business of a mason and builder and dealer in brick, lime, cement, build- ing stone and plaster, in an office situated at the West End Lower Bridge (opposite Railroad De- pot), the docks and yards for the execution of the mechanical portion of the business being located in East Bridgeport, on the corner of Pembroke and Steuben streets. Mr. Rutherford's orders are important and abundant, and during that portion of the year (from April to Septem- ber) in which in this climate the most of a mason's work must of necessity be done, from 80 to 90 hands are employed by him and are found none too many to properly handle the business transacted. Plain and ornamental cor- nices, renter pieces, brackets, etc., are manu- factured and put up, and some of the choicest and most artistic and pleasing designs in these goods are controlled or made by Mr. Rutherford. Orders for any and all kinds of mason work will receive early and careful attention, and the past reputation of this house is sufficient guarantee that all orders will be fulfilled skillfully and well. Among the prominent buildings constructed by Mr. Rutherford we would mention the Connecti- cut Bank Building, Seaside Institute, Barnum Building, and a number of others. J. W. Johnson, Real Estate Agent, Rooms 3 and 4, Connecticut National Bank Building, cor- ner of Main and Wall Streets. — The East being emphatically the moneyed section of the United States it naturally follows that in that part of the country should be established numerous agencies of more or less reliability to facilitate loans on property situated elsewhere. We say of more or less reliability for it is an open secret that some of these agencies are of what may be called the "bucket-shop" variety and only seek to fleece their patrons in the shortest possible time. But there are others of undisputed character and value and prominent among these stands the agency conducted by Mr. J. W. Johnson in rooms 3 and 4 in the Connecticut National Bank Building, corner of Main and Wall streets. This gentleman began operations in 1882 and has already built up a large clientage by the abil- ity and zeal which he has shown in his dealings with investors. He is a native of Easton, Connecticut, and was for nine years treasurer of that town as well as selectman. He does a real estate arjd insurance business, representing Meriden Fire Insurance Co., of Meriden; The Quincy Mutual, of Quincy, Mass. ; The American Investment Co., and the Jarvis-Conklin Mortgage Trust Co., of Kansas City, Mo. Mr. Johnson makes a specialty of Western securities and real estate and has ex ceptional advantages to offer to investors. He is an authority on real estate matters and may be implicitly depended upon to advance his clients' interests as though they were his own. Smith & Hubbard, Attorneys at Law, Solic- itors of Patents, Offices, Corner Main and Wall Streets; also, Danbury, Meriden and Shelton. — The great good which may be and is attained by the employment of honorable and competent patent solicitors is now generally conceded by those best qualified to judge in the matter, and although the entire profession has no doubt suffered to some extent by reason of the absurdly extravagant claims and generally egotistical and unprofessional conduct of some who have loudly vaunted their skill in procuring patents, etc. . yet so 'has the medical profession, to say nothing of the clergy, and still we believe that the necessity of both these professions is allowed by the ma- jority of people. Among the best known and most highly es- teemed of these attorneys-at-law who have made a specialty of patent cases, are Messrs. Smith & Hubbard, whose Bridgeport offices are at the corner of Main and Wall streets. Here (in the Connecticut Bank building), five rooms are occu- pied, and a large amount of business is done, there being branch offices at Danbury, Meriden and Birmingham. The inception of the business was by Mr. F.W. Smith, Jr., in 1877, it first being established at Washington, D. C. In 1881, a removal to Bridgeport was had, and a partner- ship was formed with Mr. A. M. Wooster a year later. The present firm was founded in 1883, and has since been entrusted with many valuable inven- tions for which patents have been promptly secured, and all the necessary legal business done faithfully, and to the perfect satisfaction of all parties concerned. Savage & Smith Building Co., 112 Cannon Street. — The work of the builder is of the great- est importance and when one reflects how abso- lute the confidence is which is placed in the skill and integrity of he who follows this business and how seldom this confidence is misplaced, he will see that builders, as a. body, have just cause to congratulate themselves on their high standing in the community. If a stranger in Bridgeport were to inquire whenever he saw an unusually fine building, what the name of the builder was, he could not fail to be struck with the constant repetition which he would hear of the firm name "Savage & Smith," or the "Savage & Smith Building Co.," as the case might be. When the more prominent members of this company first became associated in business in 1881 it was under the name of Savage & Smith, and they carried on operations for six years under the style given, until their transactions became so extensive as to necessitate the formation of a joint-stock company, which change was consum- mated the first of the current year. The officers are: Mr. W. A. Smith, president, and Mr. W. L. Savage secretary and treasurer, and these gen- tlemen, with the addition of Mr. Chas. Botsford, also form the board of directors. They do an enormous business, employing fifty-five men and occupying two large floors at No. 112 Cannon street. Among their work may be mentioned the Connecticut Bank building. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 91 THE CONNECTICUT NATIONAL BANK, ERECTED IN 1886. $2 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. w J -etc. few I he clay. One of the most reliable establishments in this line of business is that of P. C. Bennett, located at Nos. 380 and 382 Water street. He imports very extensively and wholesales, an excellently selected stock of fine goods, embracing leading and favorite brand of imported and domestic whiskeys, brandies, gin, rum, and still and spark- ling wines of every kind. The business was originally estab- lished by Abijah Burroughs, later by H. Hall & Co., succeeded by the pres- ent management in 1879, and the trade, which has constantly increased from the first, extends throughout the State. .Mr. Bennett quotes the lowest prices to be obtained in the market for rirst- class goods. The building occupied is four stories, all of which are used by this mammoth concern. They cover an area each of 24x90 feet, and emploj r - ment is given to capable and efficient assistants Wilkinson, Dealer in Bicycles, Tricycles, 187 State Street. — During the comparatively years that the modern bicycle has been known in this country its use has spread with most wonderful rapidity, and the many who prophesied on its first introduction here, that it in the several departments would speedily share the fate of its prototype the Mr. F. C. Bennett is a native of Connecticut, "velocipede" or " bone crusher," as it was and is a gentleman of energy and ability, being known to the initiated', have seen their croaking highly esteemed throughout the city by a large come to naught and the " wheel" come to stay, circle of friends. Considered simply as a marvel of mechanism, a We commend this house to the trade as an high grade "light roadster," is worthy of careful i enterprising one. Mr. Bennett ably conducts the business, and knows thoroughly the wants of the public. Boylston & Phillips, Dealers in Stationery, Toilet and Fancy Goods; also, Manufacturers of Children's Carriages, Doll Carriages, Girls' Pro- pellers, Sleighs, Sleds and Velocipedes, 102 State Street. — In pursuing our investigations to obtain material to compile this volume, the facts are prominently brought before us that thous- ands of operatives and hundreds of thousands of wear out, and do break down occasionally, and I capital are here invested in the manufacture of then it is of the greatest importance that their ! carriages; and, furthermore, that the products repair be entrusted to one who is not only a fine ' of Bridgeport's workshops are fully equal, and workman, but who has had large experience with : iu many cases, superior in quality and finish to that particular kind of work. Such work can , carriages manufactured elsewhere, be given with a complete assurance that it will j Of the houses concerned in this vast industry, l)e properly done to Mr. J. Wilkinson, who j we will now devote a space to the one presided deals in bicycles, tricycles, etc., and does general J over by Messrs. Boylston & Phillips. This busi- repairing in all branches, at No. 187 State | ness was opened in Bridgeport in March, 1887, study, and when this has been given it an an- swer is found to the oft-repeated question, " Why do bicycles cost so much ?" Twenty-five pounds of steel and rubber, stand- ing fifty inches or more high, have to be com- bined with no small degree of science and me- chanical skill to safely carry a 150-pound man up hill and down at a high rate of speed, and these things always have and always will cost money. But these machines, as perfect as they are, will street. This enterprise was started in 1883, by Wilkin- son Bros., and has been carried on by the present owner alone since 1884. Mr. Wilkinson is a native of Sheffield, Eng- land, and is thoroughly acquainted with bicycles and bicycle work in all its branches. He carries a fine stock of wheels, which are warranted to prove as represented, and those in need of a stylish, safe and speedy bicycle should give him an early call. He is sole agent for this vicinity for the cele- brated Columbia, Star and the Otto (for boys). He carries the largest stock of steel wheels in the State. F. C Bennett, Successor to H. Hall & Co., Importer and Wholesale Dealer in Fine Liquors and Wines, 380 and 382 Water Street.— The large consumption of spirituous liquors forms an important item in the commercial transactions of by the present proprietors, who started in Green- field, Mass., in 1850, moving to New York in 1857, where a branch is now located. For the manufacture and sale of children's carriages, etc., the extensive premises located at 102 State street are utilized, covering an area of 70x25 feet, which is furnished with every facility requisite for the prosecution of the business, which is devoted to the manufacture of chil- dren's carriages, dolls' carriages, girls' propellers, sleighs, sleds and velocipedes. In addition to the manufacture of the above named line of goods, Messrs. Boylston & Phillips are dealers in stationery, toilet and fancy goods. They conduct an extensive wholesale and retail trade in their line of goods, repairing of children's carriages being a specialty. Both Mr. R. H. Boylston and Mr. II. L. Phillips are Massachusetts men by birth. These gentlemen are well known in social as well as business circles. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 93 Coester Brothers, Dealers in House Furnish- ing Goods, Hardware, Paints, Oils, etc., 830 Main Street (Bull's Head). — In carefully examin- ing the commercial interests of Bridgeport, it is a constant source of pleasurable surprise to note the advances that have been made during the past few years, and the growth of enterprises in many directions of usefulness, that add no little to the general wealth and prosperity of the city. These reflections were forcibly suggested by a visit to the extensive establishment of Coester Bros, at No. 830 Main street (Bull's Head). This business was founded one year ago by the above mentioned firm, the individual members of winch are C. Fred and Frank A. Coester. Since its start the facilities as well as the operations of the house have been very largely increasi d. The premises occupied by the firm consist of a fine store 20 x40 feet in dimensions, being stored with the many varieties of goods which comprise the stock. Several employees find occupation here and a trade is transacted which embraces all parts of the city and vicinity. The store is replete with a stock of the newest patterns in cups and saucers, plates, etc., dish pans, coffee pots, din- ner kettles, coal hods, wash boards, wringers, baskets, hammers, nails, hatchets, pocket knives, table cutlery, scissors, pistols, rope, silver-ware, lamps, shovels, window glass, paints, oils, var- nishes, glue, and many other articles which our limited space will not permit us to mention. In conclusion, we may add that this house is one that has been founded on a basis that entitles it to marked consideration and the great success achieved since it was originated has been well de- served, and is an evidence of the high repute in which it is held. Patrick O'Rourke, Importer and Wholesale Dealer in Foreign, Domestic Liquors, and Fine Whiskies. Agent for Flanagan, Nay & Co.'s Celebrated Ales and Porter, 324 Water Street. — Among the large and important houses that are engaged in this line of trade in Bridgeport is the well known concern of Patrick O'Rourke. This establishment was founded in 1878 by its present proprietor. The premises occupied for the transaction of the business are located at 324 Water street, and comprises three floors, each 24x75 feet in dimensions, where a large and com- plete stock of foreign and domestic liquors is carried. Mr. O'Rourke is one of our largest import- ers and wholesale dealers in the best quality of liquors. He is agent for Flanagan, Nay & Co.'s celebrated ales and porter, and also deals exten- sively in fine whiskies. The large wholesale trade of this house neces- sitates the employment of three competent clerks who are prompt and attentive to all customers, and orders are filled in the most reliable manner. Mr. O'Rourke is a native of Ireland and too well known in this city and surrounding country to need any commendation at our hands. We therefore cordially commend this enterprise to the attention of those in need of this class of merchandise, assuring them as we can that all business transactions with Mr. O'Rourke will be to the advantage of all concerned. The large and tine stock is full and complete and exhibits rare good judgment in its selection and will repay a visit from the most fastidious dealers. Warner B others, Corset Manufacturers, 359 Broadway, New York, Factory at Bridgeport. — Of the many great industries which have brought distinction to Bridgeport as a great manufactur- ing and rapidly growing city, the corset factory of Messrs. Warner Bros., corner Lafayette and Atlantic streets is one of prime importance. The bu-iness was inaugurated in 1876, and from the first has been conducted on a scale of great proportions and with most gratifying suc- cess. The valuable plant is eligibly located, the works comprising an imposing and substantial block of four-story brick buildings, occupying three sides of an entire city block, 100x225 feet in dimensions and in its ( quipment and appoint- ments the factory is a model of completeness and convenience. A corps of several hundred opera- tives find constant employment in the service of the Messrs. Warner, and the costly machinery is driven by steam engines of great power. The output comprises numerous quantities of the best fitting and most durable and comforta- ble corsets in the market, the quality and super- ior excellence of their manufactures being rec- ognized by the jobbing and retail trade in all parts of the United States and in many foreign countries, and the trade of the house is steadily increasing and extending. Messrs. J. Dever Warner and L. C. Warner are the individual membere of this well-known firm. They are among the foremost and most succesful business men of New York, and oc- cupy extensive warerooms at No. 359 Broad- way. Mr. J. Dever Warner is a director of the Pequonnock National Bank of Bridgeport, and both gentlemen are accounted among the influen- tial progressive citizens. 94 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Daniel O'Donnell, Successor to T. W. Beach, Dealer in Groceries and Provisions, etc., 628 Main Street. — This old and well-established gro- cery house has been noted for many years for the very fine stock of staple and fancy groceries always to be found here. This house was established by S. M. Gibbs in 1856, but was succeeded by T. W. Beach in 1877, and for the past ten years has enjoyed a large and lucrative retail trade, extending among many of our first-class families. The premises occupied for the business are located at 628 Main street, and measure 18x50 feet in size, where a very fine and attractive stock of groceries, provisions and produce is carried. Mr. O'Donnell has the reputation of keeping nothing but first-class goods, and makes a spe- cialty of furnishing the finest quality of flour, teas, coffee, butter, sugar, spices, etc. This steadily increasing retail trade requires the employment of three competent clerks, and the business of this house is transacted in an energetic and enterprising manner. The store is commodious and well arranged in all the depart- ments, and the attention to customers is all that could be asked for, and the reliability of the proprietor all tend to preserve a business so well conducted as this. Mr O'Donnell was born in the city of New York, but his long residence in this city, and having many strong friends of long standing in Bridgeport, he may well be classed among her best citizens. This store has been newly fitted up, and is one of the finest in the city, and has the largest stock of groceries to be found in the city. Mr. O'Donnell was in business with O'Donnell & Driscoll, 659 Main street, for four years. Hav- ing dissolved partnership with Mr. Driscoll, Mr. O'Donnell then carried on the business alone at 659 Main street, when he succeeded Mr. Beach, at 628 Main street ; he has been in the grocery business for the past twenty years. Cole & Hinckley, Contractors in Concrete Walks, Asphaltum Floors, Driveways, Gutters, etc. ; Office, 273 Main Street. — Possessing every facility and the requisite skill for their impor- tant work, Messrs. Cole & Hinckley, for nine years, as successors to Strong & Hinckley, who established the business here seventeen years ago, have conducted a large and prosperous business as contractors for concrete walks, asphaltum floors, driveways, gutters, etc. Their office is centrally located at No. 273 Main street, and a large force of skilled workmen are em- ployed in their extensive operations. They fur- nish estimates for work and make contracts for paving, curbing, flagging, etc., which they exe- cute with dispatch and in the most satisfactory manner, and their work is invariably guaranteed in price and quality. Messrs. Cole & Hinckley are practical business men of long experience in their special field of industry, and are experts in every branch of their work. They give to it their personal su- pervision, and at most reasonable prices sup- ply the most reliable work and materials at short notice. Messrs. Oliver B. Cole and Wm. R Hinckley are the individual members of this responsible, representative firm. They are both natives of Connecticut, and are held in high esteem as busi- ness men and citizens. E. S. Wood, Livery, Boarding and Hack Sta- bles, No. 864 North Main Street. — Prominent among the many and finely equipped livery stables that form so important a part in the bus- iness of Bridgeport is that of E. S. Wood, which, was established in 1872 by Messrs Wood & Way, but since 1882 has been under the full control and management of E. S. Wood, who is the sole proprietor. These stables are located at No. 864 North Main street, and consist of a large stable and sheds with a capacity for twenty horses. The strictest care and attention is paid to the comfort of horses while entrusted to this establishment; they are supplied regularly with the best of feed and their accommodations are all that can be reasonably desired; the stalls are good size and the stables are well ventilated and supplied with the most improved conveniences. A fine assortment of stylish teams will be found at this stable which are let at unusually low prices. Also first-class carriages and bug- gies to be let at all hours. Mr. Wood's long ex- perience in the business gives him a thorough knowledge in regard to horses, and none but safe and reliable ones are kept for general use. Mr. Wood is a native of New Hampshire, but. his thirteen years' business transactions in Bridge- port has gained him the high mpect and esteem of the citizens of this city and surrounding towns. Geo. V. Schreyer, Dealer in Beef, Pork, Veal, Lamb, Ham, Lard, Sausages, etc. Vegetables in their Season; Market 23 Bank Street. — A prominent house in Bridgeport concerned in the above named branch of business is that conduct- ed by Mr. George V. Schreyer, who occupies the finely appointed market located at 23 Bank street, which is utilized for meats, vegetables, etc. The premises cover an area of 40x25 feet in dimensions and are provided with all the nec- essary requirements for the preservation of the perishable articles handled. The stock carried by the house embraces a large and choice assortment of meats, consisting of beef, pork, veal, lamb, ham, lard, sausages, etc., also fruits and vegetables of every descrip- tion in their season. This market was established by its present proprietor in 1881, and although of but compara- tively recent inception it has through the ability and enterprise of its management gained au en- viable reputation in this community for first-class goods at very reasonable prices. The extent, to which the retail trade of this house has reach- ed requires the employment of two thoroughly experienced assistants in addition to the personal management of the proprietor. Mr. Schreyer is a native of Wurtemburg, Ger- many. He lias been a resident of this city for many years and is a highly respected citizen. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 95 SEASIDE INSTITUTE. E. Weldon, Dealer in Groceries and Fruit, 'Corner Atlantic and Lafayette Streets, near Seaside Institute. — An important factor in the grocery line is the house of Mr. E. Weldon, located at the corner of Atlantic and Lafayette streets. Established in 1886, the house at once appro- priated a large share of popularity in the trade, a distinction awarded it not only from the assured character of its merchandise, but on account of the enterprise and liberality with which its operations were conducted. The premises composing the store are of ample dimensions, occupying a floor 20x40 feet in area. This is adequately equipped with an attractive and valuable stock. The details of the trade which extends throughout this section must necessarily involve the greatest care and the most assiduous attention. Three cap ible assistants are busily engaged waiting upon their many customers. Orders are promptly and carefully filled. • Mr. Weldon, the proprietor, is a native of the city, and is widely and favorably known. It would be difficult for customers to find a house upon which greater reliance could be placed. Edwin Chatfield, No. 27 Cannon Street. Furnished Apartments, -Recofrnizino; the need in this city of an establishment where the traveling- public could obtain a comfortable and first class room, either by the day or week, at reasonable rates, Mr. Edwin Chatfield opened for this pur- pose recently the house located at No. 27 Cannon street. These premises are fitted up in a most complete manner for the business, being equipped with all modern improvements, gas, baths, steam-heat, electric bells, annunciators, etc. All the rooms are light and airy and handsomely appointed throughout. It is located most centrally, being within easy access of the depot, post office and steamboat landing, also but one block from banks and telegraph office, etc. These rooms will be found to be by far the finest in the city, and as the terms are most reasonable, visitors to Bridgeport can find homelike and first class accommodations without paying exor- bitant hotel rates. Mr. Chatfield is a gentleman who thoroughly understands the wants of the public, and takes great pride in catering to them in a satisfactory manner. We commend this enterprise to all our numer- ous readers at home and abroad, and feel confi- dent in asserting that an enterprise of so recent an origin which has become so popular can not fail to be appreciated by the community at laree. 96 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. J. F. Brady, Dealer in Stoves, Ranges. Fur- naces, etc , 839 Main Street. — As the healthful- ness and comfort of our homes depend in a great measure on the stoves or furnaces with which they are furnished, it is obvious that we cannot be too careful in our choice of these articles. The market is flooded with goods of this nature, and the difficulty is to choose from amidst the great variety offered. As it is clearly impossible for all of us to be sufficiently expert to distinguish the true from the false, our best course is to go to some reputable dealer, and be guided by his judgment. A popular and successful house handling stoves, ranges, furnaces, etc., in the city is that of Mr. J. F. Brady, located at No. 839 Main street. This gentleman began business in 1876, and has built up a large trade by his ability and industry. His store is 40x25 feet, and contains a fine and varied stock of stoves and stove goods, which are offered at the lowest rates. Six assistants are employed, and particular attention is paid to plumbing, roofing, etc. All orders of this kind will receive prompt and care- ful attention, and will be executed in the most workmanlike fashion. M. T. Feeley, Groceries and Provisions, 218 East Main Street, East Bridgeport. — In looking over the retail trade of East Bridgeport, we find that in the grocery business a signal success has been achieved, and that the annual increase has grown to proportions, which should be fully recognized. Of the many houses which have made themselves prominent in the trade, wewish to call the attention of our readers to the one conducted by Mr. M. T. Feeley, who lias suc- ceeded in building up a flourishing retail trade. The premises comprise a fine, large store 25x80 in size, located at No. 218 East Main street. The stock carried includes everything in the staple and fancy grocery line, among which will be found the best brands of choice liquors, flour, teas, coffees, spices, sugar, etc., also a fine variety of fresh provisions of all kinds at the most reason- able prices. Mr. Feeley em- ploys several assistants, who are prompt in their attention to the business and courteous and polite to every customer, and all orders are promptly filled, and goods are delivered to all parts of the city. Mr. Feeley Avas fully aware of the over-abundance of com- mon liquors and wines, but saw the necessity and demand for pure goods in the community; consequently, ten years ago, he commenced their sale and has used every effort to furnish pure liquors and wines. He now T feels compensated with his reputation of having the purest and largest stock of wines and liquors of any retail dealer in the city. Mr. Feeley is thoroughly capable and enter- prising, possessing in every respect first-class facilities. He is naturally and justly accorded the greatest esteem throughout the community. Henry Reitter, Bull's Head Market, Dealer in Meat, Fish, Fruit and Vegetables, 816 Main Street. — We cannot well complete a list of the industries of Bridgeport without calling attention to those houses furnishing the various products of the market. A leading house in the meat and produce business is that of Mr. Henry Reitter, whose market is located at 816 Main street. This market was established in 1878, by Messrs. Lewis & Terry, who were succeeded by the present proprietor in 1881. The premises occupied are spacious, and well arranged for the business, being 20x45 feet in dimensions, and supplied with cold storage rooms for the preservation of their stock, which em- braces everything in the meat, fish, fruit and vegetable line. The extent of this retail trade necessitates the emp'oyment of tw T o reliable clerks. Mr. Reitter, who is a pradical man of business, devotes close attention to the purchasing of his varied stock of goods, as well as to all the other details, and patrons are assured that their orders will receive prompt attention and be delivered to all parts of the city. Mr. Reitter has long been connected with the trade, and is so well known in this city that any further remarks would be superfluous. All we can say in conclusion is, that every- thing undertaken by him will be carried out on fair business principles, satisfactorily to all con- cerned. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 97 George F. Cook, Park City Stables, Kossuth Street, near Lower Bridge— Perhaps the best known and most reliable livery stable in East Bridgeport is that of the above-named establish- ment, at least we are justified in saying that no- where in Bridgeport can better turnouts be pro- cured or at more reasonable prices. These stables were established in 1880 by the present proprietor, Mr. George F. Cook, and are known as the Park City Stables. They are located on Kossuth street, near Lower Bridge; the premises occupied consist of a two-story frame stable, covering an area of 00x108 feet, which are nicely fitted up and arranged with every facility for the comfort of horses while under the care of this establishment. The stalls are well ventilated, and the stable is light and airy and has a capacity for fifty horses; employ- ment is given to ten thoroughly capable assistants, and the management of this stable is most efficient. A special feature of the business is the sale of horses, carnages and harness. Mr. Cook, who has had long experience in the business, makes a specialty of saddle horses, also of ladies' driving and riding horses. He is also prepared to furnish coupes, phaetons, and all kinds of light carriages at short notice and at very reasonable prices. He has lately added an elegant six-seated carriage. Mr. Cook gives his personal attention to furnishing coaches for weddings and funerals. He is a native of England, but has resided in the United States for many years, serving as wagon master four years in the United States Army during the late war. We do not exaggerate when we state that his stables are the largest, finest and most popular in this section of the city. Robert J. Veit, Grocer, 6 Crescent Place, East Bridgeport. — Every locality of any magnitude affords some enterprising concern prepared to conduct the grocery and provision business on a scale and in a manner that will insure customers fresh and first-class goods in large variety and at reasonable prices. We must eat to live; and when we consider fifty millions of people must be fed, one can hardly imagine the stupendous void that must follow the annual consumption of groceries. In this connection, the house of Mr. Robert J. Veit, located at No. 6 Crescent place, East Bridgeport, ranks as among the most enterprising in this part of the city. He is the proprietor of a commodious store 20x40 and 30x40 feet in dimensions; this is filled with choice family groceries of all kinds, pro- visions, fruits and vegetables in their season; fine grades of teas, coffee«, spices, canned goods, sugars, syrups, flour, cheese, butter and all staples of the trade are to be found in the stock, and all fresh and desirable. The business was established three years ago by Mr. Veit, whose energy and tact shown in the management has resulted in well merited success. He employs two capable and attentive assistants, and all orders are promptly filled and delivered. A full stock of wines, liquors, ale, beer, etc., is also carried, the purity of which is unexcelled by any in the city. A fine sample room is in the rear of the store. Joseph H. Lutz, City Pharmacy, 36 Wall Street. — A reference to the drug trade of Bridge- port suggests at once the popular and well ap- pointed establishment known as the " City Pharmacy," which was founded some ten years ago by Peck & Banks, and which has been, since December, 1886, under the able management of Mr. Joseph H. Lutz. The premises occupied, which are located at No. 36 Wall street, comprise a fine store 20x80 feet in dimensions, and admir- ably adapted and equipped with all the most modern improvements for the advancement of the extensive business as well as the comfort of its many patrons. Mr. Lutz employs attentive and competent assistants, and all orders are faith- fully filled, prescriptions accurately com- ounded and satisfaction guaranteed as to prices, etc. A large and very attractive display is made of fancy and toilet articles, perfumery, etc., usuai.y found in a first-class establishment of the kind, besides a full stock of pure drugs, medicines, patent medicines, etc. Mr. Lutz is a native of Bridge- port, and is a gentleman full of energy and ability as well as a thorough and practical knowl- edge of the business. Mr. Lutz was formerly with Lewis W. Booth. And, in conclusion, we would say he is fully entitled to the confidence, consideration and esteem of the public, which he enjoys in a marked degree. John G. Howland, (Successor to Geo. H. Couch), Dealer in Fine Shoes, No. 405 Main Street. — A careful review of the immense manu- facturing and jobbing interests of Bridgeport develops the existence of a class of houses in every respect prepared to compete in the several lines they represent with the rival establish- ments ot any city. Their magnitude, ample resources, high commercial standing, and re- markable enterprise are matters of which Bridge- port has every reason to be pioud. It is our mission to show to the outside world what this city produces; what it has to sell; the advan- tages possessed by her over many others as a seat of manufacture, and the attractions she offers to capital for permanent investment and to the trade as a purchasing center. In the especial branch of the shoe business the house of Mr. JohnG. Howland must be accorded by the casual observer a foremost position. This establishment was first founded by Mr. Geo. H. Couch, but has been under the present able management for some time. Extensive premises are utilized at the above address, which may justly be said to be one of the best appointed shoe stores in this city. The energies of this house are devoted to the retail trade of fine boots and shoes, of which is carried the finest and most complete stock to be found in the city. Mr. Howland is a gentleman too well known in this community and to the trade to require from us any personalities. Suffice it for us to say that his long experience in the business has given him a keen knowledge of what is demand- ed in the trade, and he is able to offer induce- ments to patrons seldom if ever excelled. Mr. Howland is the exclusive agent for Bridge- port of the celebrated C. & T. Cousins ladies' fine shoes, and several other popular manufac- turers' goods. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. I\ Lieberum Brothers, Manufacturers of and Dealers in Furniture, Mattresses, Spring Beds, etc., also Sole Agents for the Standard Folding Bed Company, of New York, 315 and 317 Water, corner State Street. — Every branch of wood working has experienced to a wonderful degree the impetus given to productions by the perfec- tion of mechanical aids within recent years, and especially so in the manufacture of fine furniture. Of late years many houses in this line havegrown to large proportions, and among such must be mentioned that of Lieberum Brothers, manufac- turers and dealers in furniture. This establish- ment was founded in 1865 by its present pro- prietors, Messrs. William and August Lieberum. This house which bears the marks of enterprise and judicious management, exercises an influence that extends far beyond the limits of the city, its trade extending throughout the entire State. The manufacturing plant covers an area of three floors, each 80x120 feet in dimensions, located at 315 and 317 Water, corner of State street, which is equipped with all the necessary and improved machinery. Here a large and varied stock of fine furniture is manufactured, consisting of parlor and chamber furniture, sofas, chairs, tables, mattresses, spring beds, etc. They also do a large business in all kinds of upholstery work. This business, which is the largest of its kind in this city, requires the employment of twelve thoroughly experienced hands. Messrs. William and August Lieberum are natives of Germany, both well and favorably known in this city. Mr. William Lieberum is a member of the Board of Police Commissioners. Sea View Hotel, Sea-Side Park, Geo. Humis- ton, Proprietor. — All visitors to this city are impressed by its beautiful Sea-Side Park, and should they visit it in the season, one of the first places to attract their eye is the Sea View Hotel, located at its principal entrance. Mr. George Humiston, the genial proprietor, opened this house to the public in 1880, and has since de- voted his energies to making it a great success — so we]] has he succeeded that his reputation for providing clam hakes and fish dinners has few equals in this vicinity. He occupies for business purposes two stories 100x125 feet in dimensions, arranged in a neat and attractive manner for his peculiar line of trade. Parties or picnics are en- tertained here in a first class manner and at rea- sonable rates. A pavillion is attached to the hotel lor dancing, and they have also a fine pier where boats may be hired, besides some ninety bathing houses. Several assistants are employed and everything is done for the comfort of the guests of this house. Mr. Humiston is a native of this city, and personally is too well and favor- ably known for any remarks at our hands, but in regard to his enterprise, we would say that a visit to his hotel cannot fail of giving pleasure to all, and we feel assured that they will meet with polite and attentive treatment, and feel amply repaid for their trip. J. Huber, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Confectionery and Ice Cream, 41 Wall Street.— There are few residents in Bridgeport who are not more or less familiar with the establishment of J. Huber, which for many years has been prominently before the public as headquarters for confectioneiy and ice cream. This house was founded by J. F. Freiler, who was suc- ceeded in 1882 by the present proprietor, Mr. J. Huber. The premises occupied for the transac- tion of this business are located at 41 Wall street, and cover an area of 25x70 feet in dimensions, comprising a very attractive store with an ele- gant ice cream parlor in the rear. The energies of this house are devoted to the wholesale and retail trade in confectionery of all kinds, and ice cream, of which they handle only the finest grades. Employment is given to two thoroughly skilled and experienced assistants, and all orders are promptly filled and ice cream delivered to any part of the city. In all departments of this business there is noticeably a marked orderly and systematic method for the proper and correct conduct of each operation of the work, thereby ensuring a uniformly first-class product. Mr. Huber is a native of Germany, and is proficient in the confectionery business. Wolfram & Co., Dealers in Fine Groceries, Canned Goods, Liquors, Cigars, etc., No. 145 Main Street. — The commercial advantages of Bridgeport have brought men of enterprise and capital to establish themselves in our midst, and nearly every branch of industry is carried on here vigorously. Messrs. Wolfram & Co., located at 145 to 151 Main street, are among the promi- nent dealers in fine groceries, liquors, canned goods, etc. These gentlemen began business here in 187(i, and have conducted it upon such liberal and just principles that a large and in- creasing trade has grownup, and they rank to- day as one of the most extensive and popular houses in this city in the grocery and liquor LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 99 trade. They have ample accommodations for their large retail business, their store and sample room occupy a double store 50x75 feet in dimen- sions, with basement of same size for storage. Their premises make a fine appearance and are fitted up with every facility requisite for the prosecution of tbe business. The sample room especially being the finest in the city. Messrs. Wolfram & Co. deal in the finest lines of liquors, cigars, etc., and are sole agents in Bridgeport for the celebrated Johannis Spring of Natural Mineral Water. This water issues from a very deep cleft in a rock, the water bubbles up with great force and is as clear as crystal; is highly recommended in cases of indigestion and loss of appetite. For table use the water of the Johannisbrunnen is equal in every respect to the well-known waters Appolliuaris, Niederselters, etc., on account of the large proportion of carbonic acid contained in it, and is superior to most other mineral waters on account of its very agreeable taste. It is ex- cellent for the nerves, and makes a particularly good drink when mixed with cognac or wine. The business is under the personal manage ment of the firm, assisted by two very capable clerks. The individual members are: G. J. and T. F. Wolfram, both natives of Germany. We would advise the citizens of Bridgeport to seek business acquaintance with Wolfram & Co., who can offer them as many advantages in the grocery trade as any house in the State. Dr. A. N. Curtiss, Room 6, 61 Fairfield Ave- nue. — Prominent among the dentists of Bridge- port is Dr. Curtiss, who is one of the most reliable in the city, and although he has been in business in Bridgeport but a short time, he has had ten years of practical experience in other places. He has been in Thomaston, Conn., for the last five years. Dr. Curtiss is located at 61 Fairfield avenue, where can be found the best light for operating in the city; his office is neat and well fitted up for the convenience and comfort of his patrons; his operating room is supplied with all the modern conveniences and improved appliances for the aid of his profession; all that skill and painstak- ing can do, assisted by the best facilities in the dental art, is at the command of his patients, who are assured that the result of each operation will be perfectly satisfactory. Dr. Curtiss' harmless method of extracting and filling teeth without pain is wonderful. Mechanical dentistry in all its different branches. Teeth with or without plates. Crown work a specialty. In conclusion, he will assure all patrons that they will be treated with consideration, and that all work performed by him will give perfect satisfaction. H. Letterhaus, Dealer in Beef, Pork, Lamb, Poultry, etc., Vegetables and fruits in their sea- son, Oysters and Clams, corner Broad Street and Railroad Avenue. — As a representative of our reliableand prosperous mercantile establishments, the provision house of Mr. H. Letterhaus calls for a special recognition among the substantial and enterprising mercantile institutions of Bridge- port. This house was established by its present proprietor in 1881, and during the comparatively short time since its inception, has built up a steadily increasing and lucrative trade. The market utilized for the transaction of this busi- ness is located at the corner of Broad street and Railroad avenue, and covers an area of 40x29 feet, and is nicely fitted up with every facility for the handling of all goods and the preserva- tion of perishable articles, and presents a neat and attractive appearance, and we assure the residents of Bridgeport that they will always find here a well selected stock of beef, pork, lamb, mutton, veal, ham, sausages, lard, salt meats, poultry, vegetables and fruits, in their season, also oysters and clams, canned goods, etc. The retail trade of this house requires the em- ployment of two reliable and experienced clerks. Mr. H. Letterhaus is a native of Germany, an energetic, popular business man. Wilson F. Green, Sup. Branch Office John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company, 61 Fair- field Avenue (Warner's Building). — As Super- intendent of the John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company for Bridgeport, Mr. Wilson F. Green is conducting a large business in this city, with his office located at No. 61 Fairfield avenue. This well known and reliable company in its efforts to bring into notice the prudential feature of insurance, has for years directed the energies of some of its most zealous and capable representatives to this end. In thus bringing within reach of those dependent upon their daily labor for their daily bread the means to provide a fund for burial and the means of subsistence for those dependent upon them, the John Han- cock has accomplished a beneficent mission. Ably representing the prudential department of this company in this field, Mr Green has done much to make known the great benefits of this plan, and to popularize it with the w T age-workers of this section. He is prompt, reliable and ac- curate in the dispatch of business, and through him losses are adjusted with promptness. Mr. Green is a Connecticut man by birth, and has firmly established himself in general confi- dence as a business man and citizen. M. Klein & Brother, Manufacturers and Dealers of The Star Nickel Plated Steel Crochet Needles, Macrame, Shoe and Glove Hooks, Table and Pocket Cutlery, No. 360 Main Street. — An old-established and well known manufac- turing concern of this city is that of M. Klein & Brother, doing business at No. 360 Main street. These gentlemen inaugurated business in 1854, being engaged at first in the millinery and fancy goods trade. This they carried on up to 1885, when they commenced the industry with which they are at present identified, the manufacture of the well-known Star Nickel-Plated Steel Crochet Needles, Macrame, Shoe and Glove Hooks, etc. The firm carries on a wholesale business in these goods as well as in table and pocket cutlery, etc., and is well known to jobbers and the trade in general for the desirable quality of the articles which they handle and the extremely low prices at which they are offered. The firm is made up of Messrs. M. Klein and B. Klein, both of these gentlemen being natives of Germany. They are well known and respected citizens. 100 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Walter Nichols, Real Estate and Loan Broker, Warner Building, Corner Fairfield Avenue and Middle Street. — Anions: the various commercial and mercantile industries that assist in making Bridgeport what it is, there is none of more im- portance to the community than real estate and money brokerage business. It is a business re- quiring energy, industry and sound principles. One of the most successful agencies in this city is that of Mr. Walter Nichols, whose eminent fitness for its several branches has gained for him an extensive business. The buying and selling of real estate the loaning of money and auc- tioneering are among the main characteristics of this business. He is also the agent for the extensive real estate interests of Dr. Warner. Mr. Nichols' success fully attests his proficiency and populari- ty and establishing his reputation for integrity and honorable dealing. As a gentleman he is ac- corded a high position in commercial circles. He established his business four years ago and occupies a very attractive office in the Warner building, corner of Fairfield avenue and Middle street. Mr. Nichols is president of the Common Council. He is a gentleman highly esteemed by all who know him and fully deserves the success he has attained. Farini, Photographer, 61 Fairfield Avenue. — From earliest childhood the career of Mr. L. Farini, the leading photographic artist of Bridge- port, has been most remarkable and his experi- ence would serve as the basis of a most interesting and wonderful romance. Mr. Farini was adopted in infancy by the man whose name he bears, who resided in England. Mr. Farini was famous as the original Lulu, who was shot from a catapult, and who, after arriving at maturity was exhibited to astonished multitudes in all parts of the world, as the won- der of the age, and for many years his sex was undiscovered, although, perhaps, suspected. Assuming the attire of a man after having relin- quished business as a human projectile, Mr. Far- ini took up the study of photography and be- came a master artist. He traveled to all parts of the world, taking views of scenes in all quarters of the globe, and coming to this country a few months ago, he established himself in business in this city. His art rooms and studio at 61 Fairfield ave- nue are models of completeness in their appoint- ments, and a visit to the establishment is fraught with the liveliest interest. Here are found views taken in Central Africa and other parts of the world, often at fearful risk. Mr. Farini is a refined and cultured gentleman and a business man of sterling worth, energetic, prompt and reliable. A specialty is made of first-class pictures, from the very smallest to the largest. Life-size work is made which is equal in all respects to the finest crayon potraits. Coe & White, Wholesale and Retail Grocers, 560 and 562 Main Street.— The city of Bridgeport is not behind her sister cities in the extent and character of her wholesale and retail grocery trade, and the enterprise which characterizes her representative firms in this branch of commerce is not surpassed in any other American city. The well known and reliable house of Messrs. Coe & White, established in 1873, has for a period of fourteen years occupied a prominent position in the trade. This house was first es- tablished by Mr. Charles P. Coe, and in 1885 Mr. J. H. White was admitted to the firm, which has since borne the title of Coe & White. The premises utilized cover an area of 80x50 feet, and consist of a store and basement, affording ample convenience for the accommodation of a large stock and the demands of their growing trade. Every modern appliance for facilitating the handling of goods with despatch is brouabt into requisition. Employment is given to eight capa- ble clerks, and orders invariably meet with prompt attention. The firm carries a general line of staple and fancy groceries. The individual members of the firm, Messrs. Charles P. Coe and J. H. White, are both natives of Madison, and prominent^ identified with the commercial prosperity of Bridgeport, and are numbered among the most substantial and public-spirited citizens of this community Mr. Coe is the senior partner of Coe & Field, of 422 State street, New Haven. Henry Setzer, Jr., People's Market, Wholesale and Retail, 313 Main Street. — The provision trade of Bridgeport is yearly assuming greater proportions, and she can boast of as many large and enterprising firms in this line as any city in the State. Among them and one which has exhibited marked ability in this direction, is Mr. Henry Setzer, Jr., proprietor of the People's Market, which is one of the finest in the city. Mr. Setzer established his business in 1879, and during the eight years of its existence has built up an extensive trade, wtiich is both wholesale and retail; the extent of this business gives em- ployment to six capable clerks. The market is eligibly located and very convenient for the trade, being located at 313 Main st It is 24x90 feet in size, and is well stocked with an elegant supply of meats, canned goods, table delicacies, game, etc., etc. This market is very neat and attractive and goods are arranged in the most inviting manner. Mr. Setzer enjoys a large retail trade from among the best citizens of Bridgeport. This is due in part to the superiority of the goods car- ried and in part to the prompt filling and de- livery of all orders placed here, as well as the courteous treatment given to patrons. Mr. Setzer is an native of New York, an honorable and enterprising business manager, and it is with full confidence that we commend him to the favorable notice of all who read this review. Alexander Reid, Dealer in Choice Groceries, Produce B night, Flour a Specialty No. 476 Main Street. — Probably one of the oldest and best known establishments in the city devoted to the grocery business is that of Alexander Reid. It affords us no little pleasure in recording the vari- ous industries of Bridgeport to mention those firms or individuals in any branch of trade who have achieved prominent positions through the force of natural ability unaided by any influence except those exerted by their own ability and industry. As for instance, the one above mentioned LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 101 which was established in 1858 by its present pro- prietor, and by energy, enterprise and close at- tention to business he has largely increased it with each succeeding year, and to-day it is one of the oldest houses in this branch of business in the city. The premises are commodious and well fitted up for the business and cover an area of 24x50 feet, being well stocked with a full line of staple and fancy groceries. The store is located at 476 Main street and is neat and attractive in appearance and everything sold by this old and time honored establishment are at prices which defy competition and such as will please the most careful buyers. Mr. Reid has the assistance of thoroughly com- petent and reliable clerks who are conversant with all the details of this long established re- tail business. Mr. Reid is a native of Scotland and a gentle- man whose standing and reputation may be re- garded of the highest character. John F. Noble, Real Estate and Insurance, 468 Main Street. — One of the most enterprising and energetic < - eal estate and insurance agents in this city is Mr. John F. Noble, whose office is at No. 468 Main street. This gentleman began his present business some five years ago, and has worked his way up to his present position by sheer force of energy and perseverance. He is an authority on real estate in Bridgeport and vicinitj r , and has control of the leasing and sale of many highly desirable pieces of property. In his office may be found very complete lists of such city property as is in the market to rent or sell, and many weiry steps and much annoyance may be saved by those who are engaged in that absorbing but not particularly exciting or agree- able form of sport known as " house-hunting," if they will give Mr. Noble a call and make their wishes known. He has also excellent facilities for placing large lines of insurance in the soundest companies at lowest rates, among which we would mention the Merchants and the Greenwich Insurance Company of New York, both of which has been uninterruptedly and suc- cessfully in business for upwards of 50 years. The Greenwich was incorporated under the laws '•of the State of New York, and on the 1st of January, 1887, had a sworn surplus as regards policy holders of $665,811.24. Probably there is no sounder institution of the kind in the country, and as its premium rates are low and its insur ance sure in deed as in name, it is not surprising that Mr. Noble has issued many policies during his connection with the company. Coughlin Bros., Dealers in Wall Papers of Superior Quality and Artistic Design, Paints, Oils, Varnish, 459 Main Street. — A leading mer- cantile house in Bridgeport and one which has long commanded the confidence and erijoyed the patronage of the public, is that of Messrs. Coughlin Brothers, dealers in wall papers, paints, oils, etc., No. 459 Main street. The business was established twenty } r ears ago by the Messrs. Coughlin, and since the death of his partners it has been conducted with gratify- ing success by the sole surviving partner, Mr. Patrick Coughlin, under the old firm name. The premises occupied by the firm are large and attractive, and the stock of merchandise is always complete and sufficiently varied to meet all requirements. The wall papers include every stylish, desirable and artistic design and patterns of superior quality, and the best paints, oils, and varnishes in the market, and prices are uniformly the lowest in the city, quality being considered. Mr. Coughlin employs a force of from twenty to thirty five skilled painters and paper hangers in his business, and has every facility for execut- ing all kinds of house decorating in the most tasteful and satisfactory manner, with dispatch, and the reputation of the old house is a sufficient guarantee of first-class and reliable work. Mr. Coughlin is a thoroughly energetic and responsible business man, and enjoys the univer- sal confidence of patrons and the general public. Goodsell, McNeil & Co., General Insurance Agents, 450 Main Street. — This reliable insurance firm have for ten years past conducted the gen- eral agency established in 1857 b3 r Mr. E. B. Goodsell, and from the beginning the concern has deservedly enjoyed a large share of patronage. The offices of Messrs. Goodsell, McNeil & Co. are located at 450 Main street, and representing many of the old and reliable insurance companies of the country, the firm have every facility for their large and steadily growing business. They represent eighteen of the strongest and most reliable companies of America and Great Britain, and in any or all of these time tried and responsible corporations, the firm effect insur- ance at lowest rates of premium. Alw r ays zeal- ous in protecting the interests of their patrons, and accurate and vigilant in all their engage- ments, these sagacious underwriters have firmly established their agency in general confidence, and are steadily extending their influence. Messrs. N. A. McNeil and S S. Banks com- prise this well-known firm. They are both natives of Bridgeport, and are recognized among the representative, reliable and successful busi- ness men of this thriving, progressive city. R. E. Whittlesey, Special Traveling Agent, Mutual Benefit Lite Company, Office 450 Main Street. — Of all the plans of life insurance as yet devised, there are none which have so generally commended themselves to more general favor than that conceived and adopted by the Mutual Benefit Life Company of Hartford. An examina- tion of the plan establishes beyond question or cavil, that, on the co-operative five-year endow- ment plan of this company, a man at average age can, at ordinary rates of premium, secure in- surance, and if he survives at the end of five years, he will receive back in cash more money than he has paid, and thus actually securing his insurance for nothing, and proving it to be the best possible investment. Mr. R. E. Whittlesey, who has his office at No. 450 Main street, Bridgeport, has for nine years been connected with this substantial com- pany, and has been eminently successful as special traveling agent. He is a native of this State, and has a wide acquaintance throughout this section, and those desiring insurance on their lives would do well to write or consult him as to the superior advantages offered by his company. 102 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BIUDGEPOBT. G. C. Hamilton, Druggist, 273 East Main Street.— Perhaps one of the most important busi- ness interests necessary to the good health and welfare of a community, is that of the druggist and apothecary. The most important requisites for the successful operation of this profession is a complete stock in each department and a thor- ough knowledge of the business in all its branches, and the good will and esteem of the community wherein the business is established. Prominent among the druggists possessing these requisites ' is Mr. G. C. Hamilton, whose establishment is located at 273 East Main street, where he has been located tince 1885, and dur- ing that time he has built up a reputation for pure drugs and medicines, careful compounding of prescriptions and attention to the wants of his patrons that has resulted in an annual!}' in- creasing business. The premises occupied consist of a finely ap- pointed store, covering an area of 18x50 feet, where is displayed a choice assortment of drugs, medicines, chemicals, toilet and fancy articles, and in connection with the goods already men- tioned Mr. Hamilton deals extensively in confec- tionery, of which he has a choice assortment constantly on hand. Mr. G. C. Hamilton is a native of Bridgeport, and an educated pharmacist of twenty-three years experience, whose intelligent fulfilment of all orders may be confidently relied upon. John H. Reid & Co., Jewelers, 340 Main Street, United Bank Building. — Of the many jewelers of Bridgeport, there is no establishment which bears a higher character among the people of this city, for honest, fair dealing and first- class goods than that of John H. Reid & Co., which is located at 340 Main street. This house was established by its present pro- prietor, Mr. John H. Reid, in 1883, and from its inception has enjoyed a steadily increasing retail trade. The premises comprise a fine and attrac- tive store, which contains an elegant stock of jewelry, watches, clocks, silverware and optical goods. The proprietor and his assistants are courteous and attentive to all patrons. Mr. Reid is an experienced jeweler and gives close personal supervision to all branches of his estab- lishment. A specialty is made of repairing of all kinds, and all work is promptly done and executed in the highest style of the art, and at very reason- able prices. Mr. Reid is a native of Brooklyn, but his long residence in this city, his genial and affable manner, has won for him a host of friends. These qualities, together with the elegant stock of goods carried, combine to make his the favor- ite establishment of this line of trade in Bridge- port. George E. Cleveland, Dealer in Groceries and Meats, 202 State Street. — Among those houses which have been long and closely identi- fied wilh the commercial growth of this city, that of George E. Cleveland occupies a conspicu- ous position in which it bids fair to continue. Mr. Cleveland established his grocery and meat business in 1871, and is now the proprietor of one of the most attractive and complete meat markets in Bridgeport. The premises occupied for the transaction of the business comprise a, finely arranged store, 24x60 feet in size, located at 202 State street, where a complete assortment of choice goods maybe found, including in the grocery department the best brands of flour, teas, coffees, sugar, spices, etc., relishes and condi- ments. In the provision department, a full line of meats, etc., that are guaranteed to be as fresh and pure as can be obtained in the State. The large trade of this house necessitates the employ- ment of three clerks who are thoroughly con- versant with the bus-iness in all its branches. Mr. Cleveland is a native of New York, but his long residence among us and his sixteen years of business experience has gained him the confidence and highest esteem of ihe citizens of Bridgeport. He is an efficient manager and much is due to his energy and push for the enviable reputation his house has attained in this city. Theodore Fox, Tin, Sheet Iron and Copper Worker, and Dealer in Heaters, Furnaces, etc., 193 State Street. — No account of Bridgeport's industries would be complete without contain- ing at least some mention of the enterprise of Theo. Fox at No. 193 State street which must rank with any of its contemporaries in the city. This house was founded in 1881 by Mr Fox, whose business has been successfully conducted for the past six years and whose reputation has been so well established as to place it among the representative houses in that line of business. Mr. Theodore Fox is an experienced and practi- cal tin, sheet-iron and copper worker, all orders being neatly and promptly executed by skilled hands of whom five are employed. He is also an extensive dealer in heaters, furnaces and plumbers' supplies of all kinds, and his prices will be found as reasonable as any dealer in the city. It requires a store 18x50 feet in dimensions to handle the varied stock carried. A large local trade is done which is annually increasing. Mr. Fox is a practical gentleman capable of pleasing the public in this line of business, and the suc- cess which has attended it has been as well earned as it is richly merited. E. J. Cram, House Furnishing Goods, New and Second-Hand, 174 State Street. — One of the most necessary lines of trade engaged in, and one whose goods are in constant demand is that of the dealer in house furnishing goods. One of the most complete establishments of this kind in Bridgeport is that conducted by E. ,1. Cram, who engaged in this business in 1882, and from the inception has manifested marked business ability and has been successful in building up a prosperous business, which necessitates the oc- cupancy of a large double store covering an area of 40x60 feet in dimensions, located at 174 State street, where a large stock of new and second- hand furniture many be found, consisting of every description of house furnishing goods, all styles and makes of furniture, also carpets, bed- ding, etc. The extent of this business requires the as- sistance of three courteous and competent clerks.. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 103 and patrons are assured of receiving prompt gen- tlemanly attention while dealing with this house. Mr. E. J. Cram is a native of New Hampshire, a thoroughly competent and practical man of business to which he devotes his personal atten- tion. We invite the attention of our citizens who are desirous of obtaining old and antique pieces of furniture, as they cannot fail to obtain what they desire from among his large and varied stock of goods. William H. Banks, Dealer in Meats, Hams, Sausage, Spare Ribs, Vegetables, etc., No. 502 Main Street.— This business enterprise of Wil- liam H. Banks comprises one of the most com- plete markets to be found in Bridgeport. It is eligibly located at 502 Main street and covers an area of 24x40 feet in dimensions and is well stocked with a choice selection of meats and vegetables. He sells a large quantity and at very reasonable prices, therefore his stock is constant- ly being replenished, and consequently is fresh and of the best quality. This market is well adapted for the business, being fitted up with the most improved facilities for conducting the extensive retail trade. The line of mea's handled consists of beef, mut ton, hams, spare ribs, sausage, etc., also a full line of vegetables in their season. Mr. Banks lias cold storage rooms for the preservation of all perishable goods and the management of this market will be found to be excellent. This bus- iness was established in 1879 by Mr. Jas. Boyle and successfully conducted by him until 1884. wheu the present proprietor assumed control and during his management he has succeeded in greatly extending the trade, which now requires the assistance of three clerks. All orders are promptly attended to and delivered to all parts of the city. Mr. Banks by his energetic and loyal business qualities displayed, has won a high reputation in the community. Geo. Seltsam, Practical Steam Job Printer, 90 Middle Street. — One of the most gratifying evi- dences of the increase of correct artistic taste among all classes of society is the great attention that is now paid in the beautiful designs in the way of job printing of every description. Our productions in this line are not surpassed by those of any other country in the world, and every year this gratifying feature becomes more marked. One of the leading houses in Bridgeport en- gaged in this artistic branch of industry is that of Mr. Geo. Seltsam, which was established in 1885, by Messrs. Peabody & Seltsam, and con- ducted under that title until 1887, when Mr. Geo. Seltsam assumed full management, since which date a marked success has been notice- able. The premises utilized for this business are located at 90 Middle street, which are fitted up with all the modern and improved facilities in machinery, presses, etc., requisite for the production of the many fine specimens of work executed at this establishment. The energies of the house are directed to the production of all kinds of plain and fancy steam job printing, •office stationery being a specialty. Mr. Seltsam is a native and resident of Bridge- port, and the superiority and high character of the products of his establishment has led to a wide and growing trade, which extends to all parts of the city and is annually increasing. C. Peterson, Custom Tailor, 337 Main Street, Up Stairs. — Those of our readers who want to ensure themselves honest work and reasonable prices in the tailoring line would do well to pat- ronize Mr. C. Peterson, whose place of business is at No. 337 Main street. This gentleman opened his establishment five years ago, and has built up a large and growing patronage by the even excellence of his work, and the low prices at which he sells the same. Suits will be cut and made to order at very short notice, and great care will be taken to obtain a good fit and to otherwise satisfy the customer in every respect. Mr. Peterson makes a specialty of cleaning and repairing clothing of all kinds in the neatest and best manner at the shortest possible notice, and at very low rates. Many will be glad to learn that he keeps full-dress suits of the best material and appearance to let, as most men have not sufficient occasion to use such a suit as to warrant their having one made, but yet like to be suitably dressed when custom requires such apparel. .Mr. Peterson is a native of Denmark, and possesses in a marked degree the many good qualities which distinguish his countrymen. He has had a long experience in the tailoring busi- ness, and is one of the most skilled and conscien- tious workmen in the city. H. W. Raymond, Court Street Stables, oppo- site Court House. — One of the best appointed livery stables in Bridgeport is that conducted by Mr. H. W. Raymond, opposite the Court House, occupying four stories of a building 100x90 feet in dimensions. These stables are well supplied with fine buggies, carriages, hacks, horses and turnouts of every description and particular atten- tion is paid to boarding horses. The premises have ample accommodations fqr from seventy- five to one hundred horses, and from twenty-five to thirty carriages are kept constantly on hand for livery purposes. Mr. Raymond is prepared to furnish hacks for all occasions, night or day, upon the shortest notice, and his prices are among the most reasonable to be obtained in the city. From ten to a dozen experienced hostlers are employed and this establishment will be found to be as complete as any in Bridgeport. These stables were originally founded about the year 1867 by Messrs. Sischendorf & Smith, and after several changes came under the efficient manage mentofMr. H. W. Raymond, the present pro- prietor, in 1885. Mr. Raymond is a native of Easton, Connec- ticut, and personally nothing need be said con- cerning him as he is too widely and favorably recognized as one of Bridgeport's most energetic and capable men. The business is conducted upon the broadest basis of equity, and those dealing with him may rest assured that they will receive courteous treatment and at lair rates. 104 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Meeker & Dowd, Dealers in Grain, Flour, Meal, Feed, Hay, Straw, etc., Nos. 97 and 99 Fairfield Avenue. — Looking in detail at the varied industries and commercial enterprises of Bridge- port, we find that the grain, flour and hay busi- ness, both in the wholesale and retail depart- ments, involves no inconsiderable capital, em- ploys numerous hands and conduces to a very extensive traffic. Engaged in this line of busi- ness, Messrs. Meeker & Dowd occupy commo- dious premises at Nos. 97 and 99 Fairfield avenue, consisting of two floors 60x60 feet in dimensions. The firm was established in 1871, and has since acquired a wide-spread reputation as being among the most reliable and enterpris- ing dealers in these products, resulting in a large trade throughout the city and surrounding dis- tricts. The stock is carefully selected and noth- ing but the best quality is kept, and a specialty is made in the handling and keeping large stocks of grain of all kinds, and hay. The individual members of the firm are Edwin Meeker, a native of Fairfield (one of the oldest families of this county), and Oliver G. Dowd, a native of Madison, both of whom have resided in Bridge- port many years, and well known in business circles, where they have a high standing in the trade, not only in personal reputation, but in the excellence of their out-put. Horse owners, cattle breeders, farmers and milkmen will always find at this establishment fresh ground feed, grain of all kinds and good, sweet, well-cured hay, and at prices which will ensure a continuation of busi- ness relations once entered upon. J.Hansen, The French Chemical Clothes Clean- er, Successor to H. Meinecke, 106 Fairfield Ave- nue. — A distinctive branch among the many and varied industries conducted in Bridgeport is that now under the management of Mr. J. Hansen. This business was first established by Mr. H. Meinecke who was succeeded by the present proprietor in 1886. The store is located at 106 Fairfield avenue, covering a floorage of 40x15 feet and is fitted up with every facility requisite for the transaction of the business which consists of cleaning clothes by the French chemical process. All kinds of clothes are cleaned, repaired and dressed in a first-class manner at short notice. Clothes will be called for and delivered if desired. Orders also taken for dyeing all kinds of clothing. In addition to the above, Mr. Hansen is extensively engaged in the tailoring business. The extent of the business conducted at this establishment requires the employment of five competent hands and all orders are executed in a most reliable manner. Mr. J. Hansen is a native of Germany, a thor- oughly practical and competent manager of his business, over which his close and personal super- vision is exercised. Perfect satisfaction is guar- anteed in all work entrusted to this house. James Bradshaw, Jr., Proprietor of the Plerald NewsStand, 96 Fairfield Avenue; Newspapers and Stationery. — We call the attention of our readers to the above well conducted establish- ment, which is popularly known as the "Herald News Stand,'' where every facility is at hand for obtaining all the standard and popular daily and weekly papers, stationery, etc. The latest periodicals are here to be found as soon as pub- lished and many an idle hour can be passed very profitably in perusing the interesting books pur- chased here. The above house has been in existence since 1881 and has been conducted under the proprie- torship of Mr. James Bradshaw. Since its in- ception it has been conducted in a first class man- ner and has largely gained in popularity during the past few years. The premises occupied are located at 96 Fairfield avenue and comprise a store finely ap- pointed and conveniently located, where is car- ried a full and complete line of stationery and newspapers, the latter delivered morning and evening and Sunday at residence. All the New York daily and weekly and illustrated papers, Seaside, Lovell's and other library publications constantly on hand and in fact everything per- taining to the news and stationery trade. The extensive trade of this house gives employ- ment to eight thoroughly experienced assistants and the entire business is managed in a manner most satisfactory to the residents of this city. Mr. Bradshaw is a native of England and is a highly respected citizen of Bridgeport. Jas. H. Dorus, Proprietor of Dorus' Market, 580 Main Street. — This finely conducted and prominent market was established by its present proprietor, Mr. Jas. H. Dorus, in 1876 and for the past eleven years has been successfully con- ducted under the title of Dorus' Market. The premises, which are 24x55 feet in dimen- sions, are located at 580 Main street and well supplied with all the conveniences for conducting a large retail trade. This market is well stocked with a choice assortment of prime meats. Game of all kinds in their season, also a full assortment of early Southern vegetables, a complete stock of pickles and chow-chow, sugar cured hams and : country sausages and every variety of provisions. The extent to which the business of this mar- ket has attained necessitates the employment of four able and reliable assistants whose courteous attention combined with the energy and business ability displayed by the proprietor, has made this one of the most popular markets in the city. Mr. Dorus stands high among the well reputed business men of Bridgeport. His business motto is "Quality is the Test of Cheapness," and we only second the opinion of a large portion of our citizens when we state that all who trade with him will enjoy the advantages of combined quality and cheapness. H. W. Bunnell, Apothecary, 197 Noble Ave- nue. — An old-established and thoroughly reliable East Bridgeport drug store is that conducted by Mr. H. W. Bunnell, at No. 197 Noble ave- nue. This establishment was founded twenty- eight years ago by Mr. C. G. Pendleton, who nineteen years ago was succeeded by the present proprietor. The store occupied is 20x45 feet in dimensions, and is supplied with all the usual facilities and appointments for carrying on a first class apothecary business. A neatly and attractively arranged and well selected stock of fancy and toilet articles of various kinds is displayed, and a choice assort- LEADTN^BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Is So oXnT" liqU0,Sf0r medidnil1 P--P— during™ iS a nativ ? ° f Co °necticut ( and dunng the many years which he has so faithfullv served the public in his present position h7h£ made many friends and established a large JS steady patronage. The stock of drui medi cines and chemicals on hand is complete in everv respect and physicians' prescripts are con7 pounded promptly, accurately and at the lowest drul^if MlffiH°"f ex P erien ^ ■■ a prescription uiug„ist is sufficient guarantee of his fitness in this capacity, and all such orders left in hS charge are assured the most painstaking car". neat and attractive market to the citizens of sw proprLor S in e i 8 fifiR WaS T ta , bIi ? hed by the present proprietor m 1866, and during the tweritv-onp years smce its inception he has eve' main lined the high reputation for integrity and reiiab H t with which he is regarded to-day ieliablht > the premises are located at 144 East Main S?e n etr s S Se w, Clean aDd ^active S flip fni ', Where ls tastefully displayed the full and complete stock of eoods wh ioh ™ Mr. .Nichols is a native of Connecticut and wp take pleasure in being able to enml his estab e-nrises TT g ? rid S e P° r ^ representative en- te prises, and we but voice the general sentiment when we wish him all the succf L 7n the f Se that his merits so well deserve. tains", 8 ', ' 6 is 18 5 40 feet ln dimensions and con- Walw«vf i C ln ( te S"ty and enterprise which On account of his long and varied experience popular pate/ meaiSLt c *°Ti£Z7T hli° h ? Sch i e i ch . ert ' Dea ^r in Meats Veee bles, etc., 235 East Main Street.-Amo ne the SSBJSHHSS and honorable business dealings, andtbis^S, ,nS n , 1 i 1 | l0y J nent is S iven t0 a ™ry capable clerk i8^d s f 7 ^ k s Toir^i te L «LS-'T t,s 'U .f'ifoeT' b/d,; 51 !^ t,,e ^ Wte "° Sailer & Son V. c ty 1S superior to F. sale d^alerTin to&TSS'T* ?* ^^ brandies, gins, "chf m^ne "wh ftc ^h?' IheyorieTton^ ° f , ' a11 tbe ^f bSnd wMcT The^r f/ade fc ^ at f xee . ed ^y low prices established in 1867 by K T f hm \ aess was member of tie firm and toifmw*' th * senior Sailer,, was admitted ^p^^ff £££ !?S3?S ^TaS XeW' ^ ff one floor 120x90 feet in SS^KK.2 accommodations for the large stock carrfed ", ml the extensive business done. Six find imnfn ment n this representative hous? and are FnZ" experienced in their several lino* To . y has not only a name for carrvin J ti' The . house Plete stock to i^&^SSLfrf ? T?" representation of their ^oS, thich {^3^ hasten conducted fs one* cT^and^ 106 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Chas. J. Bryne, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Fine Boots and Shoes, 466 Main Street.— This important enterprise was established nine years ago by the present proprietor, Chas. J. Bryne, and is g located at No 466 Main street. The store covers an area of 24x50 feet where may be found a large stock of boots and shoes foi ladies gentlemen, misses and children. The quality of the goods gives unexceptionable satisfaction anion- his many patrons, and all goods are foTndat reasonable prices and to be exactly as represented. A specialty is made of fine custom work and repairing. In this line he has been very successful and has secured the custom of such representative men of the city as Mr. P. 1. Barnum, Mr. N. Wheeler, president Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine Company, Mr William D Bishop, Mr Henry Sandford superintendent Adams Express Company. Dr. H. II. Hubbard and a great many others that we could name if time and space would permit, and in this direc- tion his trade is said to be the largest of any in the citv He makes a specialty of cripples shoes and commands a trade in this line from different parts of the State. Also carries a fine line of rubber goods which find a ready demand throughout the city. , We commend this house to our many readeis as it justly deserves their patronage, and we fee assured that in every case they will not only find the goods marked at the lowest cash prices but will also feel satisfied with the quality and wear of them. Mr. Byrne is a gentleman of energy and ability and thoroughly experienced in all the details of his trade. F S Hunt & Co., Boston 99-Cent Store, 441 Main Street.— The Boston 99-Cent Store, located at No 441 Main street occupies a position among the representative business houses of this city. This is one of the largest and most complete es- tablishments of the kind in the city and carries a reliable stock of goods, embracing a large variety of paintings, art novelties, fancy articles toys, games and hundreds of other things which our limited space will not admit of mention. The store occupied is 20x90 feet in dimensions and is divided inio several departments for the different kinds of goods. Altogether the store is one of the finest in the city and the Messrs Hunt conduct their business on a high plane of honor with fair representation of all goods, and one price, that the very lowest. < The Messrs. Hunt established this business fourteen years ago and have conducted it from the start in a highly satisfactory manner, both to themselves and their patrons. Bronson's Photograph Gallery, 407 Main Street, Photographic Work of all Kinds at rea- sonable prices; Specialty made of Viewing and Instantaneous Work of Animals of all K""?s.— One of Bridgeport's most complete ^d reliable photograph galleries is that of Mr. C. R. Bron- son located at No. 407 Main street, where lie occupies one floor, 93x25 feet in area, admirably fitted up and arranged for his business. Mr Bronson established this business in 1867 "and has had a long and prosperous career. Photographic work of every description is exe- cuted by him, a specialty being made of taking views etc., also instantaneous work of animals- of all kinds. Mr. Bronson employs five able and experienced assistants, and does a very extensive business throughout this section. His work will always be found of excellent character, for which most reasonable prices prevail. Being very anxious to please all patrons, none ever leave his studio without a feeling of satisfaction. Mr Bronson, owing to his long experience can .ruarantee a first class liken, ss. His native place is New Milford, Connecticut, though he lias, been a resident of this city for many years, he is highly esteemed by all who know him and his list of business and social friends is very large. Dr. E. S. Warnes, Dentist, 420 Main Street.— Anion"- Bridgeport's most reliable and thorough- ly experienced dentists we would call attention to Dr E S. Warnes, whose parlors are located at 420 Main street, where they occupy one floor 50x25 feet in dimensions, divided into the recep- tion and operating rooms, etc . Dr E S Warnes established his business originally in Utica, New York, in 1881, remov- ing to this city in 1885, and has succeeded in assum- ing one of the leading positions among the den- tists in Bridgeport. Dr. Warnes is ably assisted by Dr F A Warnes, besides two other capable dentists. ' These gentlemen are prepared to exe- cute all branches of dentistry, extracting filling, cleaning etc., also making of artificial teeth. Their charges will be found very reasonable and their work first-class in every respect Dr E S Warnes is a native of Utica, JNew York and has during his residence in Bridgeport not onlv enjoyed a large patronage, but has also, made a large number of friends by whom he is highly and justly esteemed. We assure our readers that should they give Dr. Warnes a trial they will find him thoroughly experienced and a. gentleman who tries his utmost to do his duty by all. P J. Reitter, Dealer in Mea's of all kinds, corner North Washington Avenue and Main Street.— Prominent among the meat markets in this city is that of Mr. P. J. Reitter, located at the corner of North Washington avenue and Main street. It has been established for many years but has only been under the present man- agement since 1886. Mr. Reitter's market wi always be found neat and attractive, and we stocked with the choicest variety of meats of all kinds at the most reasonable prices; beet, mut- ton veal, pork, lamb, etc. The premises occu- pied consist of a fine store 25x20 feet in dimen- sions, admirably arranged and eligibly located for the business transacted. Several polite and attentive assistants are employed who wait upon customers in an intelligent and attentive manner Goods are delivered promptly and carefully, ana will always be found as represented. Mr. Keit- Ter is a native of New Rochelle, N. Y., and is well and favorably known throughout Bridge- port We commend this establishment to the attention of all, as it is one deserving of their patronage in every respect, not only as regards prices but also fine quality of goods, and polite and courteous treatment. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 107 Ferguson & Peet, Manufacturers, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Furniture and Carpets- Warerooms 24 Fairfield Avenue.-In the furni- ture and carpet trade of Bridgeport are to he found not a tew old-established houses worthy of specific reference in this volume among the most extensive of which is that carried on under l he him name of Ferguson & Peet, at No 24 Fair- field avenue. i ™ sh ouse was established eighteen years ago by K B. btiles, succeeded by the present firm about two years ago. They occupy five floors at the above address, 24x70 feet in dimensions where can be found everything necessary in fur- niture and carpets, both of fine and medium grades; all at the lowtst possible prices Our space will not admit of our mentioning all the goods to be found at this establishment but it is fair to pronounce it as one of the largest and best managed concerns in its line in Bridgeport A very active trade is done both wholesale ' and retail throughout the city and vicinity The individual members of the firmware Messrs W. 8. Ferguson, G. C. Peet and £. W Peet the former a native of Virginia and the two latter of Connected. Eight persons are employed at this store in the various capacities of salesmen, clerks and assistants, who are happy to furnish any in- formation concerning the business that may be desired. The members of the firm are young gentlemen so thoroughly experienced in their business as to need no personal comments at our We may be pardoned however for saving in ^wI S !?h t^ 1 .^e. standing and reputation achieved by this firm is such as to warrant the entire confidence of those with whom it has bus- iness relations and entitles it to the consideration ot the entire community. *; ? f 2£ J £ n ? S ' Real Estate and durance, Room 7 407 Main Street -Connecticut is uni- versally known as a most pushing and enterpris- ing btate and her business men are conceded to be the equals, both as regards liberal dealing and shrewd investments, of those of any other btate in the Union, and particularly is this true or those engaged in the insurance business of which Connecticut is acknowledged to be the headquarters. Bridgeport boasts many insurance and real es- tate agencies but none that bears a higher reputa- tion for strict integrity and watchful care of its patrons interests than that conducted by Mr Daniel W Jones at Room 7, 407 Main street.' 11ns gentleman began business in 1882 as a real estate and insurance broker and has established a most desirable connection by dint of unremit- ting industry and application. He is a native of this city in which he holds a commission as constable. Although carrying on a general real estate and insurance^ business Mr Jones makes a specialty of a comparatively' new enterprise, known as "live stock" insurance He represents the Live Stock Owners' Mutual Bene- tiLATT 11 - 011 ° f Conne cticut, an organiza- tion which is prepared to insure horses in amounts varying from $100 to $500. The asso- ciation is purely mutual and members are only required to pay actual losses and a quarterly due of one per cent. J ^?Zt w"„ hin , SOn ' Pe °P le s Tailor, 340 Main Street— With a thorough knowledge of the busi- ness and having acquired the reputation of ex- pert as cutter of fashionable male attire Mr Oscar Hutchinson has established at No 340 Main street m the United Bank Building, what is now one of the most popular custom tailoring establishments of this city. This house occupief for stock and cutting departments, the first floor of the budding at the above address which is spacious, covering an area of 20x70 feet and is doubtless equal in every appointment and finish L w~n~ °,"f m , this line in Bri dgeport and is well arranged for the display of stock and con- venience in handling. The line of goods carried onfo C nVf t0 i- iee V, be Wants of the most fastidi- ous and fashionable as well as the extremely plain or most ultra of patrons, and from this they are aptly called "People's Tailors." A business is transacted that keeps in employment several , , A est cu stom tailors to be found The stock of fine woolens, both foreign and domestic shown by Mr. Hutchinson has Iw counterparts n the city and it embraces all the latest novel- ties in cassimeres suitings, etc., besides a full line of the most fashionable collars, cuffs and neckwear is kept constantly on hand The busi- ness was established by Mr. Hutchinson three years ago. He is a native of New Hampshire and is a practical man at the business and has acquired a well deserved reputation for sedulous attention he SfTnTf h- raU V iU aU dealiDgS and care iQ the fi and fashion of garments, which qualities have had much to do with the success attained and the present prominence of the house. A,r^ e o\ B " EdnK > nds > Practical Optician, 318 Main Street—There are few industries conducted I Sli tw! H 1 ' 6 ^ • enefit l ? the human f amily Ithan that of the optician, and prominent amonj mn 1 n e f°i rJ f? em n B l gep0rt is the establish^ ment of Mr. Geo. B. Edmonds. The eminent success which has attended his efforts is a suffi- cient evidence of his thorough adaptation to this line of business. The premises occupied are situated at 318 Main street, and comprise a finely arranged store measuring 15x20 feet in size, containing one of the most complete stocks of optical goods to be found in the city of Bridge- This house was established in 1878 bv its present proprietor who is a practical optician and thoroughly understands the quality and uses of the valuable line of goods handfed, which consist of opera glasses, eye-glasses, spectacles microscopes, etc., which are guaranteed to be of the finest grade. These can be obtained at this establishment at most reasonable prices Mr Edmonds is a native of Massachusetts a genial gentleman and an expert optician All persons dealing with him will find him an honest and capable business man, one who is always willing to work for the interests of his patrons who are assured that their best interests will be conserved m every possible manner Mr Edmonds is a member of the Odd Fellows and also represents the First Ward as alderman and was a member of the Common Council in" 108 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. L. B. Vaill, Dealer in Choice Family Grocer- ies and Provisions, Dry Goods, Hosiery, Gent's Underwear etc., Flour, Feed and Grain, corner of Barnum audSeaview Avenues, West Stratford. — The importance of the grocery and provision trade cannot be over estimated for it is truly one of the most prominent industries, engaging the atten- tion of a large number of firms and individuals and employing labor and capital to a marked degree. Though thousands of tons of these commodities are sold each year, there is no per- ceptible diminution in the demand for first-class goods. Among the many houses devoted to the above-named line of business in West Stratford, that of Mr. L. B. Vaill occupies an honorable position. This house was established seventeen years ago by its present proprietor. The premises utilized are located at the corner of Barnum and Seaview avenues and consist of a store 80x80 feet in dimensions, which is well stocked with choice family groceries and provisions, meats and vege- tables, one of the best assortments to be obtain- ed in this section, also flour, feed and grain. In addition to the above-named line of goods Mr. Vaill carries a fine assortment of glass, paints, oils, drugs and patent medicines, dry goods, hosiery, gents' underwear, etc. The drug de- partment is presided over by Mr. Edward Ensign an experienced pharmacist. The large retail trade of this house requires the services of three capable assistants. Mr. Vaill is a practical and energetic business man and high- ly respected citizen, holding the position of post- master of West Stratford. J. L. Harlem, Fine Tailoring, Dealer in Woolens and Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods, 98 State Street, Franklin Block. — Among the most conspicuous establishments of this character in this city is the house of J. L. Harlem, located at No. 98 State street in the well-known Franklin Block, which has attained a position in the pub- lic estimation that speaks in the strongest terms of the enterprise with which it is conducted. The business was established by the present proprietor nine years ago, and the premises oc- cupied cover an area of 24x70 feet, where can be seen at all times one of the largest and best selected stocks of foreign and domestic fabrics for gentlemen's wear, embracing suitings, broad- cloths, cassimeres, cheviots, woolens, etc. Also a full and well-selected assortment of gentle- men's furnishing goods, including cuffs, collars, suspenders, neckwear, underwear, hosiery, etc. The facilities enjoyed by Mr. Harlem enables him to supply the wants of his patrons with the very best of goods at the lowest prices. Ten experienced hands are employed and a large custom trade is done throughout the city and its suburbs. All garments leaving this store are of first-class fit and latest style, and sat- isfaction is guaranteed as to workmanship, etc. We know of no tailors in this city whom we can commend in higher terms and we feel assured all of our readers who give him a trial will be- come his permanent patrons. Mr. Harlem carries a full line of the Fairfield Jiubber Co.'s goods which are warranted first- class in every respect. These are offered at manufacturer's prices. J. S. Phalen, Dealer in Fine Groceries and Provisions, Liquor, Ale, Beer, etc., corner Bar- num and Seaview Avenues, West Stratford. — Among those concerned in the above-named bus- iness the house of J. S. Phalen occupies an im- portant position. This house was established on East Main street in 1878 by J. S. Phalen and conducted by him until 1883, when Mr. Dunn was admitted as partner and the business was conducted under the title of Phalen & Dunn until 1886, when Mr. Phalen again assumed full control. The premises occupied comprise two floors of the building, each 30x45 feet in dimensions, located at the corner of Barnum and Seaview avenues. The business of the house is devoted to the retail trade in flour, feed, hay and straw, fine staple and fancy groceries, provisions, fruits and vegetables of all kinds, also a fine line ot choice ales, wines, liquors and cigars. The services of three capable clerks are utilized in the management of this business and its details are most faithfully executed. Mr. Phalen is well and favorably known in this community and holds the office of tax collector of Stratford. In connection with his other business Mr. Phalen has a well appointed livery and sale stable, where teams may be procured at reason- able prices for business or pleasure driving. S. Seiler, Dealer in Sheet Music and Musical Merchandise, 528 Main Street. — Among the busi- ness houses of comparatively recent establish- ment, located in this city, and one which we are desirous of bringing before the notice of our readers is the establishment of Mr. S. Seiler, dealer in sheet music, books and musical mer- chandise. He commenced business in Bridgeport in 1884, and for the past two years has been located at 528 Main street. The premises occupied by him comprise a store 20x40 feet in dimensions, where is attractively displaj r ed the large and varied stock of merchandise dealt in. Mr. Seiler deals in stationery of all kinds, in addition to sheet music, of which he carries a full and complete stock. During the past year Mr. Seiler has added to his already varied stock a line of hats and caps, which comprise the newest and most fashionable stjdes. The retail trade of this house requires the assistance of a very capable cleik, who is thoroughly conversant with all the new and popular publications of the day, and all orders are promptly executed. Mr. Stiler is a practical business man, and personally superintends the management of his business. Robert A. Nichols, Dealer in Groceries and Provisions, Vegetables and Fruits, No. 235 Fairfield Avenue. — Conspicuous among the grocery and provision stores in this city we would call the attention of our readers to that so ably conducted by Robt. A. Nichols, successor to J. Jacoby & Brother, and located at 235 Fairfield avenue, and 164 Cannon street. This business was established by Henry Jacoby some fifteen years ago, succeeded by the present proprietor in May, 1887. Everything in the line of choice family groceries will be found at this establishment, including choice grades of tea, LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 109 coffee, spices, sugar, flour, caoned goods, etc. ; also vegetables of all kinds. The store occupied is 20x70 feet in dimensions, and is neatly kept. Polite and attentive attend- ants are on hand who wait upon customers in a prompt and intelligent manner, all goods being promptly and carefully delivered to residences free of charge. Tlie facilities enjoyed by this firm for obtain- ing fresh and desirable goods are unsurpassed, and we feel confident that all giving this store their patronage will feel satisfied that they will obtain a full equivalent for their money. Mr. Nichols, the present proprietor, is a native of Bridgeport, and well and favorably known throughout the community. We commend this house to the attention of our readers, as they will find the goods first-class and prices low. The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co., Im- porters and Retailers in Teas and Coffees, T. Greening, Manager, 290 Main Street. — Too much consideration cannot be given to that business which caters to the daily wants of the inhabi- tants. With our advancing civilization and cul- tivation of taste the people exact that a store be attractive and the stock conveniently displayed for inspection as to quality and effect and these demands are promptly met by enterprising deal- ers. Among such in Bridgeport none have at- tained greater success within the period of its ex- istence than the branch house of the great At- lantic & Pacific Tea Co., located at 290 Main street. This branch was established in 1875 and since its inception has been under the skillful manage- ment of Mr. T. Greening. The premises utilized by this company cover an area of 30x66 feet, where is carried an im- mense stock of the best importations in teas and coffees. The extensive wholesale and retail trade requires the services of five experienced assistants. The principal warehouse is located at 35 and 37 Vesey street, New York city. This house is only one of two hundred retail branch houses located in different portions of the United States and receives all its supplies direct from the prin- cipal importing house and advantages thus deriv- ed are promptly shared with customers. Mr. Greening is too well known to require personal mention at our hand, but in conclusion we feel at liberty to say that the city of Bridgeport is greatly indebted to him for one of its most com plete establishments. Chas. A. Youngs, Dealer in Choice Groceries and Provisions, Teas, Coffee, Spices, etc., 161 South Avenue. — Among the important lines of bm-iness for which Bridgeport has become re- nowned that of the grocery and provision indus- try is entitled to a prominent position. The fine quality offered at Bridgeport is generally recog- nized in the trade. Among those houses which have been recently established is that of Mr. Chas. A. Youngs, which was first started in 1882 by the present proprietor. The premises utilized are 40x30 feet in dimen- sions and are located at 161 South avenue. The energies of the house are devoted to the grocery and provision business. The stock embraces a first-class line of fine staple and fancy groceries, teas, coffees, spices, etc. The trade of this house gives employment to three very capable assistants. Mr. Chas. A. Youngs is a native of Bridgeport and practically fami'iar with all the details of the business and is in every way a thorough and skillful business manager. He is well-known in social as well as business circles; he is librarian of the First Presbyterian church and a member of the Odd Fellows. B. Lill, Meat, Vegetable and Poultry Market, 164 State Street. — As pursuing an important branch of trade the house of Mr. B. Li!l may not be overlooked in a work of this kind. Mr. Lill established this business over twenty- five years ago and the success he has attained in his enterprit-e is too well known for us to dwi 11 upon. lie occupies a store 20x70 feet in dimen- sions located centrally and eligibly at No. 164 State street, and it is well stocked with choice meats, vegetables and poultry. All wishing to find a reliable market where they can obtain fresh and tender meats will find one at this loca- tion. Beef, mutton, lamb, veal, pork, ham, etc.. of the best in the city at the lowest market prices may be obtained. He keeps his store in first- class order, his goods arranged so as make the finest display, and Mr. Lill has altogether one of the most attractive markets in the city. Three assistants are at hand to wait upon cus- tomers and all orders are carefully and promptly delivered. Mr. Lill's market is fully equipped with all the most modern appliances for the proper care and storage of meats, etc., refrigera- tors of the most approved plans, etc. He is of German descent but his long residence in this city has enabled him to make many warm friends. His business in all its departments is conducted upon principles of pure mercantile integrity and it is on these merits that the credit, reputation and confidence of the house rests. Paul Hercher, Artist, Boom 7, Warner Building. — It is oftentimes a puzzling question, especially among those of moderate means, to determine what would best serve to ornament and enliven the home. Expensive bric-a-brac and landscapes in oil, etc., are quite out of the reach of the majority of the people, but yet pictures of some kind are a necessity, if a real homelike effect is to be oblained. What more completely combines the virtues of a keep-sake and an ornament than does a portrait of a dear relative or a tried friend? No objection can be made on account of the high cost of such a pic- ture, for, as a call on Mr. Paul Hercher, the well-known artist at Room 7 Warner Building, will demonstrate, excellent and life-like por- traits are to be had at very low rates; and, aside from their faithful likenesses, their fine finish makes them ornaments to any room in which they may be placed. Mr. Hercher has a fine studio at the address given and although he has recently established himself in this city, he has already executed numerous commissions in a most satisfactory manner. He makes all kinds of portraits and general crayon, oil and India ink work, and may always be depended on to earnestly strive to suit his customers. The prices charged are very reasonable, and all orders are promptly executed. 110 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Edmund H. Hurd, Dealer in Groceries, Pro- visions, Fruits, etc., corner Harriet Street and Crescent Avenue, E. D. — Of the general business of Bridgeport, the grocery and provision trade forms a very important part; many enterprising houses are engaged in it. Among these we are pleased to mention for the benefit of our readers, both in and out of the city, the house of Edmund H. Hurd, located at the corner of Harriet street and Crescent avenue, East Bridgeport. He conducts one of the neatest stores in the city, which is fully supplied with a well selected stock of first class groceries, provisions, fruits, etc. This house was first established by Lines & Hurd in 1870 and after ten years of prosperity Mr. Hurd assumed full control, and for the last seven years the business has been conducted under the title of Edmund H. Hurd, who has been very successful in conducting a large letail trade which requires the assistance of two capable and reliable clerks. The store occupied is 24x60 feet in size and contains a nice stock of groceries, provisions, fruits, etc., embracing the best brands of flour, sugar, teas, coffees, spices, vege- tables and fruit in their season, also a choice as- sortment of meats of all kinds. This store can- not be surpassed in the city for quantity, quality and variety of goods, while his prices are guar- anteed to be entirely satisfactory to all who deal with him. Mr. Hurd has an established reputa- tion for fair and honorable dealings. We can commend our readers to no better house in Bridgeport at which to purchase first-class sup- plies. J. S. Wooster & Co., Dealers in Staple and Fancy Dry Goods, Oil Cloths and Paper Hang- ings, 177 East Washington Avenue. — As a dry goods house occupying a deservedly high rank among the representative mercantile establish- ments of East Bridgeport, the house of J S. Wooster & Co., located at 177 East Washington avenue demands more than a passing notice. This house was established in 1865, first by Wooster & Morris, succeeded by Wooster & Bishop and later by David Wooster. In 1886 Mr. J. S. Wooster, the present proprietor, under the firm name of J. S. Wooster & Co., assumed control, since which date, by honest endeavors and fair conduct its trade has steadily increased, until to day it ranks among the most reliable and enterprising houses in the city. The store occu- pied for tlie business is 18x70 feet in dimen- sions and well stocked with a fine line of staple and fancy dry goods, etc. The extensive retail trade of this house necessitates the employment of two competent clerks, who thoroughly under- stand the business in all its branches. Mr. Wooster is a practical business man who gives close personal attention to the buying and replen- ishing of his large and varied line of goods, which include in addition to the full assortment of dry goods, a fine and well selected stock of oil cloths, paper hangings and window shades. Mr. J. S. Wooster is a native of Connecticut, whose long connection with the business and acquaintance witli the wants of the people, enable him at all times to keep on hand goods that are seasonable and popular, and we ear- nestly solicit the interest of our readers in his behalf. Timothy Cornwell, Manufacturer and Dealer in Tin, Copper and Sheet-Ironware; Roofing and Plumbing, 321 East Main Street, near East Washington Avenue. — Among the prominent business men in Bridgeport who are engaged in this business is Mr. Timothy Cornwell, a thorough master mechanic, who not only under- stands his business in all its details and require- ments but is also capable of doing skillfully, any- thing in his line of business. This house was established in 1866 by its pres- ent proprietor and is located at 321 East Main street. The store covers an area of 30x40 feet, is well stocked with a complete assortment of tin, copper and sheet-ironware, gas fixtures, etc., and in connection with the manufacture and retail trade in the above-mentioned goods Mr. Cornwell carries on an extensive trade in the roofing and plumbing business. All work under- taken by him receives careful personal inspection which is a sufficient guarantee of its excellence. His extensive trade requires the employment of four experienced assistants, and all orders are executed with promptness and dispatch. His prices are as reasonable as any to be obtained in the city. Mr. Timothy Cornwell is a native of New York but his long residence in this city, together with his twenty-one years of business experience render his house a most advantageous one with which to deal, and we are pleased to note that he enjoys a large and constantly increasing patron- age, which is justly merited by fair dealings, good work, and reasonable prices. West End Floral Gardens, Plants and Cut Flowers, at Wholesale and Retail, Corner Clinton Avenue and State Street; General Office, Coun. Bank Building, Mr. C. E. Keith, Manager. — It is with genuine pleasure, and personal appreciation of floriculture that we call the attention of our readers to the West End Floral Gardens, which are situated at the corner of Clinton avenue and State street, the general office being located in Connecticut National Bank Building, corner Wall and Main streets. These gardens are owned and established by Mr. E. C. Bassick, who has been fortunate enough to secure Mr. C. E. Keith as manager. This gentleman is an enthusiastic lover of his profession, and takes the utmost pleasure in annually enriching and enlarging by fresh acces- sions his already large and promising variety of plants. The West End Gardens do a large busi- ness in house and bedding plants, bulbs, fruit and ornamental trees, also plants and cut flowers at wholesale and retail. At these extensive greenhouses may always be obtained the choicest selections of cut flowers, roses, etc., also every description and design in floral decorations for funerals, weddings, parties, etc., comprising wreaths, crosses, crowns, anchors, pillows, medallions, etc. Mr. Keith gives close personal attention to every department of this large and extensive business. He is a native of Connecticut, a sci- entific and artistic florist, who by close attention and application has succeeded in gaining a wide- spread and enviable reputation throughout the State. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Ill Conrad F. Stein, West End Meat Market, Bassick's Block, State Street. — Among the many and varied industries pursued in Bridge- port, the establishment prominently known as the West End Market is deserving of particular attention in a work of this kind, which is devoted to the investigation of the various enterprises of the city. This market was established in 1884, by Con- rad F. Stein, who has so successfully managed his business during the three years since that date, that to-day his establishment holds a prom- inent position in this community. The premises utilized are located in Bassick's block, State street extension, and comprise one tloor, 35x20 feet in dimensions, and is well stocked with a choice assortment of meats, etc., which include prime beef, mutton, lamb, veal, pork, and all kinds of vegetables in their seasons. The ex- tended trade of this market requires the employ- ment of three assistants in addition to the close personal management of the proprietor. This house deals exclusively in first class goods; therefore, customers can depend upou here obtaining goods that will meet with their ap- proval in all respects. Mr. Stein is a native of New York Slate, a gentleman familiar in every detail with all that appertains to the business and the wants of the market, carrying a stock made up of the best and most reliable goods known to the trade. It is incumbent on buyers in the advancement of their own interests, that in making purchases they bear in mind the above house, where the variety is complete and the«piices invariably satisfactory. Robert Cartier, Dealer in Fine Groceries, Provisions, Teas, Coffees, Spices, Bassick Block, State Street Extension. — No class of houses is more deserving of consideration in review of the commercial attractions of any business center than those engaged in handling the staple neces- saries of life, and first in importance must be ranked the retail grocer. Bridgeport numbers with her best business men several engaged in this line, and among these we note with pleasure the character and extent of the trade conducted by Mr. Robert Cartier. Occupying a complete and finely appointed grocery establishment, this gentleman has, since 1884, been recognized among the leading expo- nents of the trade in this city. The premises occupied are located in Bassick's Block, State street extension, and comprises a store 30x15 feet in dimensions, with a basement of some size for storage. The stock deserves a more extended notice than our space will permit, as it includes an unusually fine line of groceries, provisions, teas, coffees, spices, smoked meats, foreign and domestic fruits, also fine brands of family flour, of which he makes a specialty. The extensive retail trade of this house re- quires the employment of three very capable assistants, and the business is ably managed under the direct personal supervision of the pro- prietor. Mr. Cartier is a native of Montreal, Canada, and since his residence here has identified him- self with the best interests of the community. M. W. Hall, Dealer in Pure Drugs and Medi- cines, 224 East Main Street. — Among the best known establishments in East Bridgeport, devot- ed to the above-named line of trade is the one conducted by Mr. M. W. Hall. This house was established by its present proprietor in 1887 and located at 224 East Main street, where he has built up a flourishing retail trade. Mr. Hall has earned his wide spread reputation by the excel- lence of the goods he deals in and the prompt and accurate manner in which all orders are tilled. The premises occupied for the business consist of a finely appointed store 18x50 feet in dimen- sions, where will be found a full and complete stock of pure drugs and medicines, also a choice selection of elegant fancy and toilet articles such as combs, brushes, sponges, soaps, perfumery, etc., and in connection with the above-named articles Mr. Hall carries a fine and choice line of liquors, etc., for medical uses, and a full line of druggists' sundries. 'He also deals extensively in fine imported and domestic cigars. The retail trade of this house gives employment to two very capable clerks, and the details of this busi- ness are most efficiently handled. Mr. Hall, who is a most reliable pharmacist, gives personal supervision to the compounding of physicians' prescriptions and all medicines are most carefully prepared. Mr. Hall is a genial and well informed gentleman, highly es- teemed and possessing a full share of the confi- dence of the community. Henry Woodhull, Dealer in Staple and Fancy Groceries, Main Street and South Avenue. — It is almost an invariable rule that in all great centers of business there are certain houses in each line of trade that stand pre-eminent and have by close attention to the wants of their customers a thorough knowledge of the business, and pur- chasing goods direct from first hands, built up a trade that goes ahead of that of many of their contemporaries. Such an establishment in this citv is the grocery store of Mr. Henry Woodhull. This house was founded many years ago by a Mr. Alfred H. Robbins, and later conducted by W. E. Mclntire, who was succeeded in 1884 by the present proprietor and ever since has been the center of a first-class trade which, both in ex- tent and quality, has few, if any successful rivals in Bridgeport. The premises occupied for the business are located at the corner of Main street and South avenue, and comprise a store 24x70 feet in dimensions, where is to be found a full and choice assortment of staple and fancy groceries which embraces everything usually handled by a first-class house in this line of trade, and are guaranteed to be the best goods to be obtained in the market. Constant employment is given to two capable clerks and all orders are prompt- ly attended to and delivered to all parts of the city free of charge. Mr. Henry Woodhull is a native of Long Island. His high personal character is a suffi- cient guarantee of the substantial and reliable manner in which all business is transacted, while the ability exhibited by him in successfully con- ducting his large and growing retail trade must continue to assure him a liberal patronage. 112 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Bridgeport Paper Box Co , Manufacturers of Paper Boxes, and dealers iu Paper and Twine, 76 Middle Street. — One of the most curious as well as one of the most useful manufactured products of the present day is paper. It enters so largely into every-day use that it is difficult to see how we could dispense with it at all, and a sudden stoppage or even a serious curtailment of its pro- duction would inevitably cause much inconveni- ence and even distress. The uses of paper are as various and different as they are important, for not only is it consumed for the purposes with which all are familiar, but paper car-wheels, paper boats and paper images are now made in the ordinary course of trade. One of the best- known uses of paper is in the form of paper boxes, which by the aid of improved machinery are now manufactured and sold at marvelously low prices. One of the largest factories in New England devoted to this industry is that of the Bridgeport Paper Box Co., located at No. 76 Middle street. Three floors are occupied of the dimensions of 60x30 feet, and 150 hands are em- ployed. The company began business about eleven years ago, so that its present enormous business has been built up in a remarkably short time. The concern is made up of Messrs. E. N. White and E. W. Smith, both these gentlemen being natives of Waterbury. In addition to paper boxes, paper and twine are also extensively dealt in. Plumb & Beardsley, Post Office News Room, 40 Bank Street. — A very convenient feature of city life is the ease with which one can subscribe for a magazine, newspaper or other publication by dropping in at some reliable house which makes a specialty in periodicals, etc. , and there leaving your order for anything you may desire. The oldest and leading representative Bridgeport house in this line of business is that conducted by Plumb & Beardsley, better known perhaps as the Post Office News Room. This establishment was founded in 1859 by Mr. Andrew F. Wales, and afterwards conduct- ed by Mrs. Lucy Wales, succeeded in 1880 by Mr. P. Kane and again in 1885 by the present firm. This house will receive orders and fur- nish all magazines, newspapers, American and foreign, and will guarautee the prompt and regular delivery of the publications ordered through them. The building No 40 Bank street is occupied, and employment is given to twelve assistants. The house aside from its periodical and newspaper trade carry on a very large business in books and stationery, keep all the latest novelties, and are the only house in the city that carry a complete line of Harper Handy Series, Franklin Square, Lovell's, Munroe, Cassell, and Pocket Seasides. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. L. D. Plumb who has had sixteen years' experi ence with the house, formerly with Mrs. Wales and afterwards with Mr. Kane, and thoroughly understands the business in all its details. W. H. Beardsley has conducted successfully the paper agency of the Naugatuck R. R. and through the Naugatuck Valley for many years, therefore they are both well qualified, and are gentlemen of energy, enterprise and experience and highly esteemed throughout the city and surrounding country. J. E. Porter, Dealer in Beef, Veal, Mutton, Hams, Poultry, Vegetables, etc., corner Warren Street and R. R. Avenue. — We have before re- marked upon the character of those enterprises which have done much to promote this city as a trade center. Taking up such industries' in de- tail, however, it becomes necessary to devote a brief space at least to the house of J. E. Porter, which in the meat and vegetable trade occu- pies a prominent position in the commercial community and is entitled to due consideration. This store was established in 1883 by its present proprietor. The premises occupied for the transaction of this extensive retail trade are located at the cor- ner of Warren street and Railroad avenue, cover- ing an area of 20x35 feet and are well stocked with a choice selection of beef, veal, mutton, ham, poultry, vegetables, etc. The services of two very capable assistants are required in the discharge of the many details of the house, which are under the direct supervis- ion of the proprietor, who is experienced in his line of business. Mr. Porter is a native of Bridgeport and a highly respected member of the Knights of Pythias, and it is with pleasure that we commend his market to the residents of this community. Howard H. Scribner, Real Estate, Loan Agency and Fire Insurance, 10 Franklin Block. — One of the most active and successful real estate and insurance agents in this city is Mr. Howard H. Scribner, whose office is at No. 10 Franklin Block (corner Main and State streets). This gentleman began business thirteen years ago, and has established a large patronage in both branches of his profession by the zeal and ability with which he has served his customers. Any of our readers who may wish to buy, sell, exchange or rent a dwelling house or building- lot, would do well to give Mr. Scribner a call, as he is in a position to render them material aid in attaining any or all of these objects. He is prepared to give prompt and conscientious attention to the various duties of a real estate agent, and his record in this respect in the past is sufficient guarantee of his ability to do so. A loan agency is also conducted, through which money maybe loaned or borrowed at five and six per cent, interest on city real estate security. Mr. Scribner is agent for the following reliable and popular fire insurance companies: Girard, Philadelphia, Pa.; Firemen's, Newark, N. J., and Hamburg, Bremen, Germany. He has written many policies in these companies, and is prepared to take additional desirable risks. He is thoroughly familiar with city property, as his long experience has afforded abundant oppor- tunity to study it carefully and well. Lee & Ketcham, Dealers in Choice Fruits and Fancy Groceries, 20 Fairfield Avenue. — As an important factor in the growth and general pro- gress of the city the grocery trade has played no insignificant part, as can be illustrated by the de- tailed history of the above-named house, which was established eleven years ago. It is located at 20 Fairfield avenue, occupying three floors, each 24x85 feet, where a large and well-selected stock of staple aud fancy groceries is carried. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 113 The extensive retail trade of this house gives employment to three competent clerks, who are conversant with the business in all its details. This house was first established by Mr. Henry Lee, and after six years of prosperity Mr. Charles J. Ketcham was admitted as partner to the firm, and for the past five years the business has been conducted under the firm name of Lee & Ketcham. They carry an extensive and com- plete stock of groceries of all descriptions, also deal extensively in choice fruits of all kinds, and all goods to be found in a first-class establish- ment of this kind. The most watchful care is exercised by this firm under all circumstances, and particular attention is paid to the filling of orders and goods are delivered to all parts of the city wiih promptness and dispatch. The mem- bers of this firm are both experienced and practi- cal men. F. D. Randall, Druggist, 204 State Street.— Of the druggists anddealers in medicines of Bridgeport, "here is no establishment which bears a higher character among the people of this city for fair dealings and first-class goods than that of Mr. F. D. Randall, located at 204 State street. This house was established in April, 1887, and although of such very recent inception, it is classed with the most popular and finely- appointed establishments of its kind in the city. Mr. Randall keeps a full line of pure drugs, patent medicines, chemicals, and a full line of toilet articles, including soaps, sponges, brushes, combs, etc., also fancy goods and perfumery. The premises occupied cover an area of 40x20 feet, and are handsomely fitted up with all the requisites necessary for the prosecution of the re- tail trade in the above-named profession. The utmost care is taken in compounding physicians' prescriptions and family receipts. Only safe and reliable pharmacists are employed, and the en tire management of the business is under the direct personal supervision of the proprietor, who is well worthy the confidence and esteem of this community. Mr. Randall is a native of Brook- haven, N. Y. Having had a large experience in the drug business and being a licentiate of New York and Connecticut State Boards of Pharmacy, he is now prepared to dispense drugs and medicines with accuracy and dispatch, and is too well known to require personal remarks at our hands, but we may be permitted to say that none in this trade has a higher reputation for reliability in this city than has the subject of this sketch. Mrs. W. T. Van Yorx, Dealer in Wools and Embroidery Materials, Felts and Canvas, Toys, and Holiday Goods, etc., etc., No. 423 Main Street. — The importance of an enterprise of this character in a large city like Bridgeport is too apparent to need comment. We have here a de- pot for the supply of all kinds of embroidery materials), such as are used in the various styles of embroidery and fancy work, and may be pro- perly classed as art needle work. This establish- ment was founded by its present proprietor, Mrs. W. T. Van Yorx, in 1871, and during the time since elapsed she has built up an extensive retail trade. The premises utilized for this branch of industry and located at 423 Main street, consists of a store 60x20 feet in dimensions, with base- ment for storage purposes. The fine and exten- sive stock carried at this house embraces a large variety of wools in all the new and varied shades so much used, also an elegant assortment of embroidery materials of all kinds, also felts and canvas. In addition to the above-named goods, Mrs. Van Yorx deals extensively in toys and holiday goods, etc., etc. Employment is given to four very capable assistants, and the citizens of this community, especially the ladies, will find this store headquarters for all the desirable supplies in the above-named line of goods. Mrs. Van Yorx is a fair and honorable business wo- man in all her transactions, and she enjoys one of the largest trades in this line in Bridgeport. W. E. Wills, Choice Family Groceries, 58 State Street (between Main Street and the Post- office). — The grocery trade is one of Bridgeport's most important industries. Of the many who are fairly entitled to this distinction, none deserve more notice than W. E. Wills, located at No. 58 State street (between Main street and the Post- office). The store occupied covers an area of 18x65 feet, thus giving ample room for properly con- ducting the business. The stock, which is large and well selected, consists of staple and fancy groceries, teas, coffees, spices, sugar, flour, but- ter, cheese, eggs, syrups, etc., also a full assort- ment of the finest canned goods in the market, and at the most reasonable prices. The large trade extends throughout the city and vicinity and is exclusively retail. The business was es- tablished seven years ago by W. R. Miller, it having been under the present management for the past four years. Four clerks are employed, and all customers are waited upon in an atteniive and courteous manner. All orders are promptly filled, and goods are delivered to all parts of the city free of charge. Mr. W. E. Wills is a native of Canada, and is well and favorably known throughout the city. In conclusion, we may say that he conducts his business on a sound basis and in a liberal manner. R. Plalzgraf, Proprietor of South End Market, 113 Main Street. — Among the many and varied commercial industries pursued in Bridgeport, that branch devoted to the handling of meats, fish and vegetables, forms an important part of her trade, and prominent among the many estab- lishments utilized for this purpose is the South End Market, which was founded in 1886 by Mr. R. Plalzgraf, who conducts a strictly first-class market, located at 113 Main street, comprising one floor and basement, each 40x30 feet iu di- mensions. The stock carried embraces a complete and choice variety of meats, poultry, fish, fruits and vegetables. This house offers the best of inducements, both as regards prices and quality, which in the end cannot fail to attract and hold a large share of patronage and support. Mr. Plalzgraf is a native of Germany. We may be pardoned for saying, in conclusion, that the standing and reputation achieved by him are such as to warrant the entire confidence of cus- tomers. 114 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. F. G. Gates, Pharmacist, 187 East Washing- ton Avenue. — A tine appearing and well -fitted- up pharmaceutical establishment is that of which Mr. F. G. Gates is the genial and popular pro- prietor, located at No. 187 East Washington avenue. It was founded over twenty years ago, by Mr. George Main, the present owner having been in possession about two years. The store occupied is of the dimensions of 30x 50 feet, and as before remarked is very finely appointed, containing all the modern facilities for carrying on a first-class pharmacy. Two courteous and efficient assistants are in attend- ance, and customers will receive early and polite attention. A very large and complete stock of drugs, medicines, etc., is on hand, and every- thing is guaranteed to be of standard quality and reliable manufacture. Physicians' prescriptions are compounded promptly and accurately, and as a specialty is made of this branch of trade, satisfaction is confidently warranted. All the drugs, etc., used are fresh and free from adultera- tion, and no doubt most of our readers under- stand the importance of these points in this connection. Toilet requisites and fancy articles are on hand in great variety, and all prices will compare favorably with those of any similar establishment ia town. Smith & Havens, Groceries, Provisions and Fruits, 303 East Main Street, Corner Crescent Avenue. — Prominent among our young and enterprising business men, located in East Bridgeport, and engaged in the grocery and provision line of trade, are the Messrs. Smith & Havens. They established their business in 1886, and although it is only one year since their commencement, they have by their energy and enterprise succeeded in establishing an extensive and lucrative trade among some of our first families. The store occupied by them is located at 303 East Main street, corner Crescent avenue, and covers an area of 24x50 feet, and is finely ar- ranged for the conduct of their business. Their large and varied stock of goods consist of gro- ceries, provisions and fruit, which will be found on inspection to be first class in every respect. The extensive retail trade gives employment to two thoroughly competent clerks, and the details of the business are handled in a very efficient manner. Messrs. Smith & Havens make a specialty of butter, cheese and eggs, which are received direct from the producer, and are guaranteed to be the best in the market. Messrs. Clayton L. Smith and Elmer H. Havens are both natives of Connecticut, and young men, whose rare business ability is dis- played in the manner in which they have man- aged their business, and the citizens of Bridge- port may justly be proud that among her citizens are to be found such energetic and reliable men. M. M. Wallace, Bakery and Confectionery, 195 Noble Avenue, East Bridgeport. — The premises occupied by this establishment are very conveniently located at No. 195 Noble avenue, and are conducted by Mr. M. M. Wallace in a very satisfactory manner. The store is 30x25 feet in dimensions, the basement also being used for the manufacture of their goods. The stock is very attractively arranged and neatly kept, and consists of a full line of bread, cakes, pastry, etc., also pure con- fectionery of all kinds. Polite and attentive assistants are on hand and wait upon customers in a prompt and intelligent manner. The business is very extensive and is both wholesale and retail. Mr. Minot M. Wal'ace established this enter- prise in 1875, and has since conducted it in a highly creditable manner, both to himself and his customers. He is a native of White Plains, N. Y., and is well and favorably known through- out Bridgeport. We think it quite within our province to commend this establishment to our readers, and to assure them that nothing will be left undone to make business transactions between them- selves and their customers entirely satisfactory. E. G. Paddock, Dealer in Meats and Grocer- ies, 190 Noble Avenue. — Occupying commodious and attractive quarters at 190 Noble avenue, Mr. E. G. Paddock has for four years past conducted a large and flourishing grocery and provision business and his establishment is the leading market and source of family supply in this sec- tion of the city. The premises are 30x50 feet in dimensions and always present a most inviting appearance. A large assortment of the finest fresh and cured meats is kept in stock, which comprises canned goods, vegetables, flour, and provisions of stand- ard excellence. Mr. Paddock makes a specialty of pure teas and coffees and of fine butter, and supplies merchandise of this description of choicest quality at reasonable rates, guaranteeing satisfaction in every particular. Zealous to maintain the reputation of his estab- lishment as a most desirable place to obtain pro- visions, Mr. Paddock has always been held in high esteem and his punctuality in filling orders and delivering merchandise, and his honorable methods have brought him universal commenda- tion. Mr. Paddock is a native of Vermont and is one of Bridgeport's most estimable citizens and re- putable business men. G. A. Northrop, Livery, Boarding and Sales Stables, No. 20 Harriet Street. — Prominent among the first-class livery stables of East Bridgeport is the old established and largely pat- ronized enterprise carried on by Mr. G. A. Nor- throp at No. 20 Harriet street. It was founded by Mr. Andrew Lines eighteen years ago and has been in the possession of its present proprietor about eight years. The stable proper is two stories in height and of the dimensions of 30x90 feet, and there is a commodious building adjoining which is used as a carriage house. These facilities afford a capacity for twenty-six head of stock and have proved to be none too large for the business done. First-class carriages and buggies are to let at all hours and as Mr. Northrop takes a good deal of pride in the appearance of all turnouts coming from his stables, one may feel assured of securing a stylish and presentable team at this LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 115 establishment. Very reasonable prices are charged and every effort is made to give perfect satisfaction to every customer. Horses will be taken to board and given the best of care and food, and as an extensive sales department is car- ried on in connection with the stables, those de- siring to purchase a horse would do well to give Mr. Northrop a call. He is a native of Bridgeport and a very promi- nent citizen, being a member of the Board of Public Works, a position which shows the confi- dence and esteem in which he is held by the resi- dents of this city. Curtis Brothers, No. 1G3 East Washington Avenue, Dealers in Stoves, Furnaces, Ranges, Refrigerators, Oil Stoves and Tinware. — While handling an extensive line of all the leading manufactures in the several lines mentioned, the firm are the special selling agents for the Boyn- ton Furnace Co.'s entire line of fur- naces, consisting of over ninety different styles and sizes, and altogether compris ing the most com- plete line made by any one concern in the United States. The reputation of the Boynton goods as regards durability and superior me- chanical construc- tion is world wide, ■. they having been on the market for , over forty years. : i Messrs. Curtis Bros, set annually from thirty to fifty furnaces, and always keep on hand at their store rooms a full line — a stranger point in favor of the durability of these goods could not be given than the fact that although they have sold so large a number and for a period of over four years, they have not sold $3.00 worth of repairs. The exclusive sale of The New Household Range is also held by this house. This range stands to day without a rival. It is new, original, has all the latest improve- ments, including the celebrated triangular grate and ventilated oven, is mounted by superior workmen only, and in point of style and finish is unequaled, is made in all styles, and is fitted for hot water, coal or wood. There are now in use over 400 of these ranges in this city, which fact is the best evidence that can be given as to their merits. To any person about to buy a first-class range, we invite a perusal of the above 400 names, which can be seen at our office. The agency for the Jewett refrigerator, the New Crown and Dietz oil stoves, is also held by this firm, and examination of these goods and the fact that they have been on the market for twenty-five years will convince any practical buyer of their superiority. In their jobbing department, Messrs. Curtis Bros, have given such satisfaction that their force has been obliged to be increased from one to ten practical^, and experienced men, who are con- stantly employed on steam, gas, plumbing and furnace work. Special attention Las been given to this department, and the most approved tools and machinery purchased; for this reason all work is guaranteed by them to be as low as pos- sible consistent with first-class work. A. W. Peard & Co., Dealer in Fine Groceries, 185 East Washington Avenue. — A widely-known grocery store, which enjoys an extensive and thriving trade is that conducted by Mr. A. W. Peard, successor to W. R. Palmer, at No. 185 East Washington avenue. This business was established some twelve years ago, and has secured a firm hold on popu- lar favor by reason of the honorable business methods employed, and the great variety and excellence of the goods offered. The premises occupied are of the dimensions of 24x60 feet, and three efficient and obliging clerks are at hand to minister to the wants of customers. A very large and complete stock is carried, comprising full lines of staple and fancy groceries of all descriptions, and great care is taken to sell none but reliable goods. Teas, coffees, and spices of perfect purity and delicate flavor are offered at the lowest market rates, and the sup- ply of canned fruits, vegetables, etc., contains the productions of the most reputable and reliable packing houses. All the standard grades of flour are in stock, and are sold by the bag or barrel at prices that will bear the strictest scrutiny. Goods are delivered promptly and guaranteed as represented in all respects. Mr. Peard is a native of Hartford, and con- ducts two other stores in that city. Theo. Leavenworth, House Furnishing Goods, Hardware and Paints, 169 East Washington Avenue. — Among the successful business enter- prises in this part of the city, the House Furnish- ing Goods establishment of Theo. Leavenworth occupies a prominent position. This business was established in 1871 by its present proprietor, who has been successful in building up his pres- ent prosperous trade. The premises are located at 169 East Washington avenue and are 20x50 feet in size, where may be found a full and com- plete stock of everything in the house furnishing goods line including glassware, lamps, crockery and silverware. Through his enterprise and perseverance Mr. Leavenworth has built up an extensive and lucrative retail trade, which neces- sitates the employment of two clerks, who are courteous and attentive to all patrons. In con- nection with the house furnishing goods this house conducts an extensive trade in hardware and paints. Mr. Leavenworth's fifteen years' experience in this business has given him a thorough knowledge of all its details, and his business is conducted upon principles of the strictest integrity and most advanced liberality, and it is with pleasure that we commend our readers in want of the above named goods to this establishment, which has such a wide- spread reputation for fair and honorable dealings. Mr. Theo. Leavenworth is a native of Connecti- cut and a geutleman who is held in high social esteem. 116 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. West End Shoe Store, also Hats, Caps and Gent's Furnishings, Corner State Street and Howard Avenue. — The boot and shoe interests of Bridgeport form a very important item of its commercial undertakings, and is represented by a class of houses which stand unusually high, both in point of magnitude, reputation and in- dividual enterprise. Of them not the least men- tionable is that known as the " West End Shoe Store," and conducted by Mr. Geo. H. Wliite, as manager, whose business was instituted in February, 1887, which lie has since continued with unusual success. The premises utilized for the bu iness are located at the corner of State street and Howard avenue, and consist of a store 40x25 feet in dimensions, which is well stocked with a first class assortment of boots and shoes of every description. In addition to the above- named branch of trade, Mr. White carries a full line of hats, caps, and gent's furnishing goods, which are always sold at the lowest prices in the city. The trade of the house extends throughout the city and vicinity. Mr. White is a native of Bridgeport, and has a thorough and complete knowledge of all the de- tails of the business, gained by long experience. He is well and favorably known throughout this community, of which he is an active and enter- prising citizen. O. S. Lupton, Dealer in Groceries, Meats and Vegetables, 364 Fairfield Avenue. — One of the most important grocery establishments in this section of the city is that of Mr. C. S. Lupton, located at No. 364 Fairfield avenue. This is an enterprising house, and the store is admirably adapted to the business. The stock carried com- prises choice meats, fine groceries, flour, butter, foreign and domestic fruits, and the supplies generally found in a first-class grocery and pro- vision store-house. An excellent trade is done in the vicinity, the proprietor being alive to the wants of the public. Customers are attended to with politeness and dispatch, and goods are de- livered promptly. The stock is a large one, em- bracing syrup, molasses, teas, coffees, spices, and canned fruit in variety. Employment is given to several, and the great- est attention is given to customers. The business was established about two years ago, and has been successful from the start. Mr. Lupton is a native of Bridgeport, and a stirring active man, and one who seems to have gained the entire respect of the community, both for business ability and integrity. W. L. Ferris, D.D.S., Dental Rooms, 354 Main Street. — There are many dentists in every city or town but unfortunately many of them are inexperienced and unequal to execute the work required of them, while on the other hand there are those who are thorough masters of their pro- fession, regular graduates of a dental college and have made their profession a study, in order to perfect themselves in its many branches. In this connection we would call the attention of all to Dr. W. L. Ferris, whose spacious and well appointed dental parlors are located at No. 354 Main street. This gentleman is a dentist of experience in every branch of his profession and has been es- tablished here since 1875. He is a graduate of the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery and is prepared to fill, clean, straighten or otherwise improve the condition of the teeth. Also makes artificial teeth in a very natural manner and at most reasonable prices. He has an experienced assistant in Dr. C. F. Gibbs who is also a practi- cal operator, and employs three other skilled dentists in his extensive profession. His parlors are centrally located and are well arranged for the extensive patronage he enjoys. They cover an area of 50x25 feet and are divided into recep- tion and operating rooms, etc. Dr. Ferris is a native of Bridgeport and is too well and favorably known to need any personal comment at our hands. Bennett & Healy, Horse Shoeing and General Jobbing, Court Street. — One of the most necessa- ry and convenient institutions of the times is a well conducted blacksmith shop, and the one to which we refer here is well-known as the best arranged and most ably conducted establishment of its kind in Bridgeport. The proprietors, Messrs. Bennett & Healy, are artists of merit in their line. Their shop is located on Court street and covers an area of 70x35 feet in dimensions and is gener- ously supplied with all the modern and improved appliances requisite for the prosecution of their large and extensive custom blacksmithing. The energies of this firm are devoted to horse shoe- ing. The shoeing of lame, interfering and gen- tlemen's road horses a specialty. No one who has any regard for the comfort of his horse will be careless as to how he is shod, and those at all acquainted with the habits of horses know how much their comfort, safety and speed depends on the knowledge of tbeir shoer. Thus it is quite important that we should mention in this work the above-named firm, which have attained a celebrity for trustworthiness and skill in their trade. This establishment was founded in 1887 by its present proprietors. Mr. J. B. Bennett is a na- tive of Connecticut, and Mr. Healy of Massachu- setts. Both gentlemen have had years of experi- ence in the business, which has given them a knowledge possessed by but few others in this trade. O. Bray, Dealer in Choice Beef, Pork, Poultry, Fish, Vegetables, etc., Market Corner Main and Whiting Streets, below South Avenue. — Among the many meat markets in Bridgeport we know of none more deserving of praise than that of Mr. C. A. Bray, located at the corner of Main and Whiting streets, not only from the choice line of meat, etc., to be found here; but also from its uniformly neat and attractive ap- pearance. Mr. Bray established this market in 1884, and has experienced a rapid increase of trade. The premises occupied embrace a store 18x40 feet in area, well arranged for the disposal of the stock, as well as cold storage for his meats, etc. His trade is exclusively retail, and his patrons are very numerous in this vicinity. He keeps constantly on hand a fresh assortment of choice cuts of beef, pork and ham; also, poultry, lard, etc., fish, clams, oysters and vegetables of all descriptions in their season. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT 117 Thes-e goods be sells at remarkably low prices, and in every instance they will be found exactly as represented. Orders are promptly filled and delivered, and several attentive assistants are ever ready to wait upon customers. _ Mr Bray is a native of the city, has had twenty-four years experience in the business, and is universally esteemed by all who know him. C. W. Hall, Manufacturer of Trucks, also Light and Heavy Vehicles of Every Description, No 15 Housatonic Avenue.— In tbe manufacture of hardly any article in common use is more faith- ful and honest work required to achieve satisfac- tory results than in that of wagons and other vehicles. Subjected as they are to great and constantly varying strains and jars of every descrip- tion the wonder is, not that they occasionally breakdown, but that they wear half aslongastbey do It requires no small degree of mechanical skill to design a vehicle that will be strong enough without being too heavy and that will be as well adapted as possible to the many uses to which it may be put, and the selection of the materials and their construction into the finished article is of itself a task of no mean magnitude. A man who has been in the business lor twenty- seven years may reasonably be expected to know- about as much as can be known about it, and this is the case with Mr. C. W. Hall, whose place of business is at No. 15 Housatonic avenue. Here are situated his store-houses and factory, among them being one three-story building 40x 60 feet iu dimensions and a two-story edifice 24x 150 feet, as well as several minor structures. Fifty-seven hands are employed and heavy trucks as well as vans, wagons, and light and heavy vehicles of every description are made in larse quantities. Mr. Hall is a native of thi? city and one of our best known business men. His long experience and extensive operation enable him to purchase his materials to the best advantage and he gives his customers the benefit of this state of affairs, doing the very best of work and furnishing all kinds of vehicles at the very lowest rates. A. Ayre, Tea, Coffee and Provision Merchant, 174 Railroad Avenue. — Among the various, popular and growing enterprises of Bridgeport which bears the marks of increasing prosperity, is the establishment of A. Ayre, located at 174 Railroad avenue. The proprietor established this business in 1877, and has since conducted its affairs with increased facilities and signal success. The premises occupied for trade purposes comprise a, store 20x40 feet in dimensions, where a full and complete stock of teas, coffees, etc., are kept. The facilities possessed by the proprietor for ob- taining a choice supply are unsurpassed by any contemporary concern. The greatest care is taken by Mr. Ayre in selecting his choice stock of teas, coffees and pro- visions, which are highly esteemed by the citizens of Bridgeport for their freshness and low prices. Employment is given to two clerks, who are polite and attentive to their many customers. Goods are promptly delivered to all parts of the city, and every facility is at hand for the con- duct of the large and prosperous retail trade. Mr. A. Ayre is a very able business man, and through his prompt and honorable methods the present large and successful business has been built up, which has won for him an eminently fine reputation. Mr. Ayre was formerly well-known in connec- tion with the Japan Tea Company, of this city. A.B. Fairchild, Insurance, 436 Main Street, Wheeler's Building— Of all the many wonderful outcomes of modern civilization and human ingenuity, few if any are more marvelous and far-reaching than is insurance. The scheme by which perfect strangers, rivals in business, per- sonal enemies even, are made to contribute to make good your loss by fire, accident, personal injuries, etc., and this without their hardly real- izing it, and without conveying the sting of charity or the galling consciousness of depend- ence to the recipient, can hardly fail to challenge our admiration; and, although like all other human productions there is always room for improvement in it, it is still accomplishing a great and good work. A gentleman who is very prominently identi- fied with insurance in Bridgeport and vicinity is Mr A B Fairchild, whose office is at No. 436 Main street, Wheeler's building. The business now conducted by him was established in 1867, by Mr. S. McDonald, the present owner succeed- ing to it in 1874. 'Mr. Fairchild, who is a native of Trumbull, Ct., represents the following companies: Lion, Phamix, British American, Sun, Agricultural, New Hampshire, and many others. He is pre- pared to place risks in any of the above reliable organizations at the lowest rates, and his record in the past is sufficient gua-antee that all business entrusted to him will be transacted prompily. W. H. Worsam, Architect, Room 13 Wheeler Building, 436 Main Street.— The work of the architect is of the greatest importance, and ow- ing to its nature is peculiarly exposed to criti- cism to a degree probably greater than are the efforts of any of the other professions. It is self-evident that the appearance of a city or town is greatly dependent upon the skill and taste of the architects within its borders, and as every public-spirited citizen takes a pride in the looks of his city, it is surely for his interest to encourage and patronize a resident architect who shows himself to be worthy of such treatment. Such a man is Mr. W. H. Worsam, who, during the years which he has practiced his profession here has been entrusted with numerous impor- tant commissions, which he has executed in the most artistic and satisfactory manner. Among these may be mentioned: The Knapp & Cowles Hardware Factory; The Holmes & Edwards New Plating Shop; "Recreation Hall," for P. T. Barnum Esq. , as well as several railroad depots, including that at Meriden, New Rochelle Junc- tion, Stony Creek and the projected new depot at Hartford for the N. Y., N. H. & H R. R. Mr Worsam is particularly familiar with rail- road wants, at he was chief draughtsman for the NY N H. & H. R. R. for three years. He is a native of- London, England, and has many friends in Bridgeport and vicinity. 118 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. Golden Hill Hotel, Geo. G. Carr, Prop., Nos. , V. Portelange, Upholsterer, 734 Main Street 19, 21 and 23 Harrison Street.— The question I next to corner East Washington Avenue —An "where shall we spend the summer" is one that I experienced and thoroughly practical upholsterer is probably being considered already in a number i may be found at No. 734 Main street in the per- of households, and although the preference felt ' son of Mr. V. Portelange, late with the represen- tor mountain, sea-coast or river scenery will of I tative house of Marcotte & Co. of New York course in a great measure determine the choice ' city. Mr. Portelange is prepared to execute in a made, still, if the vacation is to be thoroughly j first-class manner all kinds of upholstering and enjoyed, the hotel accommodations available ! decorating work; curtains, 'shades and lambre- must be carefully studied. Many people make j quins he will make to order and put up- repairs the mistake of wandering so far from civilization ; and varnishes all kinds of furniture, lifts and re- lays carpets; also paints and upholsters baby car- riages at reasonable prices and in a highly satis- factory manner. Makes to order or repairs mat- tresses and does all kinds of chair canina:, etc. on their summer pilgrimage that they find them- selves deprived of the comforts and luxuries to which they are accustomed, and return home weary and unrefreshed, disgusted with summer hotels m general, and the one whicl^ they pat- Work will be called for and delivered, or done at your residence, as required, and all charges will be found to be most reasonable in every instance. Mr. V. Portelange is a gentleman of wide experi- ence in the business and although in business in this city but a few years has succeeded in com- manding a large and steadily increasing patron- age, among whom are some of Bridgeport's most influential citizens. All in search of a reliable and thoroughly experienced man in this line will do themselves a favor by giving this gentleman a trial. ronized in particular. Houses may be found, however, which combine an attractive and healthful situation with contiguity to the center of trade, and these most desirable qualifications the Golden Hill Hotel, located at Nos. 19, 21 and 23 Harrison street, possesses in a marked degree. This house is but three blocks from the depot by way of Fairfield avenue. The grounds in which it is situated are very attractive and their sur- roundings beautiful. It is a three story building containing thirty rooms which are heated with steam, for this is by no means exclusively a sum- mer hotel but is largely patronized the year round. Special rates are made to commercial and theatrical parties, and all the terms are very reasonable and the accommodations first- class. This house was started seven years ago and has been under the control of its present owner, Geo. G. Carr, for two years. L. M. Hopkins, Dealer in Stoves, Ranges and Furnaces, 352 Main Street. — One of the best known and longest established houses in Bridge- port for the sale of stoves, ranges, etc, is that of L. M. Hopkins, located at No. 352 Mam street. This business was established twenty years ago by the present proprietor, who deserves much praise for the able manner in which he has con- ducted the business from the first, showing ex- cellent judgment in the selection of his goods, as well as a thorough knowledge of the business in all its details. The premises occupied at the above address consist of two floors, each 24x100 feet in dimen- sions, the first floor being used as a store for the sale of his goods and the second floor for a repair shop, etc. These are fitted up with the most modern inventions for the carrying on of his bus- iness, and the store is stocked with a finely selected assortment of stoves, ranges and fur- naces from the most celebrated manufacturers, and all kinds of stove furniture, tin-ware, etc. Orders promptly and satisfactorily executed for plumbing, roofing and jobbing of all kinds, at reasonable prices. Ten skilled hands are employed in the different departments and all patrons are waited upon in a courteous and attentive manner. Mr. Hopkins is one of Bridgeport's most highly esteemed and respected citizens and has been eminently suc- cessful in his undertaking, well deserving the reputation he has achieved. Curtis & Teeple, Dealers in Drugs, Medi- cines and Chemicals, 836 Main Street.— Probably one of the finest appointed drug stores in Bridge- port is the one conducted by Curtis & Teeple. This house was established over twenty years ago by Curtis & Co., but in 1870 Dr. G. M. Teeple was admitted as partner to the firm and since that date the business has been conducted under the title of Curtis & Teeple. The premises are located at 836 Main street and are 20x60 feet in dimensions, and consist of a very fine and attrac- tive store which is fitted up with handsome show- cases and finely arranged windows. The stock which is here displayed comprises a complete assortment of drugs, medicines and chemicals, etc., also a fine line of fancy and toilet articles, such as sponges, brushes, perfumery, etc., choice tobacco and cigars. Messrs. Curtis & Teeple make a specialty of physicians' prescriptions, which are carefully compounded and orders are answered with care and dispatch, and their stock of medicines is complete and warranted genuine and of the best quality. The extensive retail trade of this house requires the assistance of two competent clerks. The proprietors are both thorough chemists and the utmost care and pre- caution is used to guard against mistakes. Mr. L. F. Curtis is a native of Connecticut, and Dr. G. M. Teeple of New York State; the last gentle- man is a graduate of the Albany Medical College, which ensures that prescriptions will be carefully compounded. These gentlemen have ever main- tained a high character in this city. H. H. DeWolte, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Milk, Butter, Eggs, and Country Produce, 536 Main Street. — Among the concerns in this city which owe the present position they have attained to the energy, enterprise and business ability possessed by the proprietor, special men- tion should be made of the establishment of H. II. De Wolfe which was founded in 1885 and for the past two years has been conducted at its LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 11® ^resent location 536 Main street. r l he premises lit well stocked with a fresh daily supply of Silk bitter eSs and country produce in which Mr DeWolfe transacts a lucrative wholesale and retail trade Orders left at the bakery, corner Steuben and East Main, also receive prompt a - Son The extent f ^his nouiishing ente, nrise requires the employment, at the store 01 w courteous clerks, ^Patrons are assured of receiving nothing but fresh and f^f^f^l in this line of produce Mr. H. H . . DeWottej^ a native of Say brook, Connecticut, and by strict attention to toe demands of the trade and . .con- tinuance of the most commendable energy ais Sved in the past, he will no doubt continue with toesxm j success that has always attended his efforts He is a man of experience by whom our readers may depend upon having all orders faith- fully executed and at the same time have the ad- vantage of reasonable prices and first-class goods. White Manufacturing Co., Manufacturers of Fine Finished Carriage Lamps, Carnage and Hearse Mountings. -This important ndustry successfully conducted on a large-scale bytfm factoring Co. is one of the oldest business enterprises of Bridgeport. The house was establish- ed in 1832, and for one-half a century has exerted a wide spread and beneficent influence. The company as at present organized was i n c o rporated under the present name in 1861, and its progress has been co- | equal with the wonderful j growth and development o f the trade I and industries of the place. The works ] of the compa- ny comprise a large substantial four story build- ing, most thoroughly equipped with every im- proved machine and appliance for intended pur- poses The machinery is driven by a steam en- gine of thirty horse-power, and a force of sixty hands is employed in the various departments of the establishment. The product of the works consists of carriage lamps and carriage and hearse trimmings of every description and o many novel and beautiful designs, and for both quality and style of their productions the com- pany is famous among the carriage builders ot the country. Air Thomas Boudrcn is the superintendent and Mr H. S. Wilmot the secretary of this rep- resentative and responsible corporation 1 hey are business men of sagacity, energy and tact and in their keeping the reputation of the old concern for honorable methods and probity s maintained unimpaired, and the large rade of toe company in all parts of the country is being steadily increased and extended. John Driscoll, Dealer in Groceries and Liq- uors No 671 Main Street— This long establish^ ed business enterprise, which is ably managed 1 and conducted under the personal supervision of its thoroughly competent proprietor, is located at 671 Main street and was established by him in 1868 and during the 19 years of its existence has always manifested a spirit of enterprise and progression, and continues to enjoy the mil merited?nd lucrative retail trade that has marked its success from the commencement Mr John Dnscoll deals largely in groceries, liquors etc. The premises occupied for the above-named busi- ness are quite centrally located and cover an area of 20x60 feet, consisting of a store devo tod to the retail grocery business and a bar in toe eai -for the sale of liquors. This, store is well stocked with all kinds of groceries, including the best b'ands of flour, teas, coffees, sugar, spices, and in fact everything in this line that is .desira- ble for family use, canned goods etc also the best domestic manufacture and foreign impor- tations of liquors. The extent of this business. eqTres ^employment of two attentive and reliable clerks and all orders are promptly filled and goods delivered to all parts of the city Mr John Driscoll has resided for the past twenty-one years in Bridgeport, where he is well known and has built up a thriving retail business. W H. Evers' Market, No. 221 State Street- Reviewing as we are the industries of Bridgeport we find numbered among the leading markets W H Evers', of 221 Stole street, who establish- ed his business twenty one years ago, and whose success has proved phenomenal. . His store is 30x40 feet in dimensions and is- well adapted to the business. Owing to his ex- cellent iudgment and taste it is arranged in an attractive manner, and the neatness displayed »■ remarked by all. His trade extends thioughout be dty among first-class customers and hrs mar- I ket S one of the most extensive in the city. The So cesf meats at the most reasonable prices are- the leadine characteristics of his market and out readers S g the city who want real choice, juicy meats should place their orders heie Beet pork, mutton, veal, ham bacon, lar d .etc ., are always on hand, besides fresh vegetables poul- try ancl produce. Orders are promptly and care- fully filled by experienced assistants and goods- Redelivered to all parts of the city free of Ch M? e Evers is a native of Germany and is a gen- tlemen of experience in all the details of his bus- new He is highly esteemed by the community and fully deserves the success which has followed Mm We advise all in search of a reliable mar- j ket to give his a trial. 120 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. W. S. Cornwell, Dealer in Choice Family Groceries, etc., 178 East Main Street.— Amon"- the successful business enterprises in this part of the city the store and grocery establishment of Mr. W. S. Cornwell occupies a prominent posi- tion in this line. This business was commenced in 1873 by Messrs. Cook & Winton. The present proprietor Mr W. S. Cornwell, assumed control in 1886 and through his energy, enterprise and persever- ance has attained his present desirable and exten- sive retail trade. The business premises occupied by Mr. Cornwell are located at 173 East Main street and consist of a very attractive store 20x60 feet in dimen- sions, where is displayed the large and varied stock of fine family groceries. All orders are promptly filled and delivered to any part of the city free of charge. Mr. Cornwell is thoroughly conversant with his business in all its branches and superintends the selection and purchasing of his immense stock of goods, which includes everything in the staple and fancy grocery line embracing vegetables, country produce, teas' coffees, spices, canned goods, etc. Everything handled by this house is guaranteed to be the hest that can be obtained in the city and sold at the lowest market prices. Mr. Cornwell is a native of Bridgeport. He is prompt and reliable in all his business transac- tions, and has through these important qualifica- tions laid the foundation of a successful business which without exaggeration are equal at least to those possessed by any house in this vicinity lo those desiring goods in his line we will say in conclusion that Mr. White offers inducements that must make all business relations with him conduce to the profit of his customers. He is a native of Massachusetts and is highly esteemed throughout the city. Mr. M. F.White the son, has been associated for the past fourteen years in the business. ■career. J. S. White & Son, Manufacturers of Fine Custom Harness and Dealer in Horse Furnish- ings of all Descriptions, 167 East Washington Avenue, East Bridgeport.— A review of Bridge- port's enterprise would indeed be incomplete without reference to the harness manufactory of J. S. White & Son, at 167 East Washington ave- nue, where can be found at all times one of the largest and best selected stocks of harness, sad- dles, collars, whips, horse clothing, robes, and in fact everything in horse furnishing goods called for. The business occupies a fine store 18x60 feet in dimensions, with a shop 18x30 feet in size in the rear. Four skilled hands are employed who understand all the details of the business. Mr. White is a practical man having had an experi- ence of forty-four years as proprietor in his busi- ness, and being a manufacturer he is enabled to guarantee his goods to be just as represented; and also to quote the very lowest prices to all his patrons. This necessarily brief sketch gives at best but a limited account of the resources of the house Washington Park Hotel, John Walsh, Pro- prietor, corner of Crescent Avenue and Kossuth Street.— In a work of this kind which treats of the resources of the city of Bridgeport and which is destined to be read by those who reside else- where, it is of course not out of place for us to speak of an establishment, where, when visitors repair to the city either for business or pleasure they will be enabled to find all the comforts of home, besides every civility, attention and con- venience possible in a public house. The Washington Park Hotel was opened to the public in 1881 by its present proprietor, Mr. John Walsh, and during the comparatively short time since its establishment, its fame has become known throughout the city and State. This hotel is located at the corner of Crescent avenue and Kossuth street and comprises a build- ing of three stories, covering an area of 40x70 feet and containing forty rooms. This house is conducted upon the European plan, and board is furnished by the meal, day, or week. Good accommodations can be obtained here at reason- able prices. In connection with this house Mr. Walsh conducts dining rooms, where meals can be obtained at all hours. In the management of this hotel everything has been reduced to a complete system, and each department is supervised by a competent head, so that all confusion is avoided and complete order supervenes. Mr. Walsh has proved his en- terprise by his public spirit and pluck in under- taking the establishment of the Washington Park Hotel, and his forethought, and experience has been amply vindicated by his marked success. oo H c Kell ^ rmeyer ' Bott]er of Be ei- and Liquors, 332 State Street, — The extent and importance of the bottling business are known to but very few outside of those immediately interested; for it is not an industry which makes a great deal of show as the distribution of the goods at retail is usually attended to by the dealers who do no bottling themselves. The demand for bottled goods is surely and steadily increasing and ow- ing to the numerous improvements made m bottling machinery of late years, the cost to the consumer has been greatly lessened A thriving Bridgeport bottler is Mr. II. Kellermeyer whose place of business is at No. 222 State street. The inception of the enterprise now conducted by him, was in 1867 under the name of J. Fick. In 1885 Mr. Fick was succeeded by the present proprietor who has added to the already large trade done by his predecessor. Mr. Kellermeyer makes a specialty of bottling the finest grades of beer and liquors, and his goods enjoy a well earn- ed reputation for purity and fine flavor. He does both a wholesale and retail business and gives prompt and careful attention to all orders LEADING BUSINESS MEN OB" BRIDGEPORT. 121 A F. S. Stevens & Co., Wholesale and Retail Druggists, 315 Main Street. — This firm is one of the best known in the city. It was established in 1874, by Stevens & Painter, succeeded by the present management thirteen years ago. The premises occupied consist of a fine store, 24x90 feet in area, which contains one of the most complete and varied stocks in the city. Their extensive trade, which is both wholesale and retail, extends throughout the State, eight assist- ants being kept constantly busy in the several departments of the business. The members composing the firm are F. S. Stevens, licensed pharmacist, twenty-two years in the business in Bridgeport, and E. S. Gaylord, both experienced druggists They have constantly on hand a supply of surgical instruments, obstetric for- ceps, chemical thermometers, speculums, soft and hard catheters, elastic stockings, knee-caps, etc., roller bandages (rubber and linen), absorb- ent cotton and patent lint; also a full stock of Edward R. Squibb's goods. Choice wines and liquors, comprising Park & Tilford's Monogram rye, Lazerac brandy and Imperial sherry; Piper Heidseick, Pommery Sec & Mumm's Dry and Extra Dry; F. G. Tullidge & Co.'s pure pop corn whiskey, no better bottled. Fine imported ci- gars, as well as the leading brands of American make can be found here. Drake's hand-made and Bagdads; Osterweis's Yales, Figaros, Jose Cuetos and Margaritas; Stevens' No. 5, the best five-cent cigar. Physicians will notice the full line of the Ahls felt splints, easily adjusted, a perfect fit. No trouble to set bones with the felt spiint, made to fit every bone in the body; also a full line of crutches, trusses and supporters. In the paint department can be found pure white lead, Masury's railroad colors, used by everybody, best paint made for outside or inside work. Linseed oil, raw and boiled, spirits turpentine, putty and window-glass. Pure white potash, whitewash, lime and brushes. Parrott's celebrated varnishes, Wheeler's wood filler, and Crockett's spar com- position and Nos. 1 and 2 wood preservatives. Prompt attention given to all orders and uni- formly lov prices; telephone call No. 4. Blast- ing powder, water proof and single tape fuse, at F. S. Stevens & Co., 315 Main street, sole agents for Laflin & Rand superior brands of rifle and blasting powder, Forcite powder or dynamite. Red clover blossoms, also the fluid and solid extract of red clover, as prepared by Needham & Sons, of Chicago. They are the sole agents for the above valuable preparations; cures all dis- eases of the blood. Extract of red clover is highly recommended in whooping-cough. Fred. Stevens' "unfailing" cough cure, agrand success; sales have steadily increased for the past ten years, but this year beats them all. Beware of cheap excuses for cough mixtures ! If you have one of those terrible colds that are now going the rounds, you cannot afford to trifle with it at "twenty cents a bottle." Ninety-nine out of every hundred families in the city have "Ste- vens' Cough Cure " on hand. This is the season when you need it. Do not wait until the bottle is empty, but keep a full one on hand all the time. In conclusion we would invite all desiriDg any of the above articles to purchase them here and obtain first-class goods at popular prices. 122 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OE BRIDGEPORT. Mrs. K. Leverty, Millinery Goods, 469 Main Street. — The eminent success which has attended the establishment of Mrs. K. Leverty since its inception thirteen years ago, is a sufficient evi- dence of this lady's adaptation for the business. This enterprise, which is one of the most promi- nent of its kind in Bridgeport, is devoted to the manufacture and sale of ladies' felt, plush, vel- vet and satin hats and bonnets, etc. This business was established by the present proprietors in 1874, and since that date her •efforts have been crowned with unrivaled suc- cess, and to day her store ranks among the finest in the city. Her millinery parlors cover an area of 12x60 feet in dimensions, which are the resort of ladies of the most fastidious taste, as nowhere in the ■city are such choice and elegant selections in millinery goods displayed as at this popular estab- lishment. Mrs. Leverty gives employment to four very capable assistants, and the management of this house is under her direct supervision, espe- cially the order work department, whose skill and artistic taste is displayed in the many fine productions of this establishment. The full and complete stock of elegant millinery goods carried, together with the courteous treatment of patrons, and the prompt and efficient manner in which all orders are executed, tend to make this one of the most popular establishments in this line of trade in Bridgeport. Mrs. Leverty is a refined lady, well worthy of the success she has attained. Isbell & Shannon, Pharmacists and Druggists, 379 Main Street. — Every community of any magnitude has several drug establishments and Bridgeport is not behind its sister cities in either the number or reliability of her stores engaged in this line of business. One of the most attractive of these will be found at No. 379 Main street, Messrs. Isbell & Shannon being the enterprising proprietors. The store although but recently opened by the present proprietors has been a drug store for forty years and is the oldest in the city, commanding at present a large patronage in this section. Having been recently remodeled, every- thing is new and bright about the premises and a large and attractive stock is carried. The premises are 80x25 feet in dimensions and are eligibly located. A full line of pure drugs and medicines are at hand and prescriptions are carefully prepared with the utmost precaution by either one or the other of the proprietors, t\iej both being eminently experienced in every branch of this business. The individual mem- bers of the firm are Messrs. C. C. Isbell and E. M. Shannon, the former of New Haven and the latter of Waterbury, both gentlemen well-known in this vicinity as being thoroughly reliable and honorable in their dealings with all. They fully •deserve the encouragement and patronage of the public. Louis Held, Dealer in Beef, Pork, Veal, Mut- ton, etc., No. 209 Main Street. — Widely noted as Bridgeport is as an important business center, there are among her many important stores some whose pre eminence in their respective lines stand as conspicuous monuments to the skill, energy and business ability which have control- led and directed their affairs. Among these no more noticeable example can be quoted than that of the above-named house, which was estab- lished by the present proprietor, Mr. Louis Held, in 1876. The premises utilized for the business are located at 209 Main street and cover an area of 20x60 feet, and consist of a very complete and attractive store, where will be found a choice selection of meats, etc. The retail trade of this house requires the assistance of two capable clerks and the details of this business are handled in a most efficient manner. Mr. Held gives particular personal attention to the pur- chasing of his varied and extensive stock, which embraces the best variety of beef, pork, veal, mutton, hams, bacon, and sausage, also oysters, canned goods, condiments, etc. Mr. Louis Held is a native of Germany, a gentleman possessing unusual business ability. No establishment in the city furnishes a more striking illustration of the result of enterprise, vigorous and persistent work and splendid management, than the subject of this sketch. S. F. Raymond, Dealer in Groceries, Provis- ions, Fruits and Vegetables, 234 State Street. — Among those houses which have been long and closely identified with the commercial growth of this city that of S. F. Raymond occupies a con- spicuous position, in which it bids fair to con- tinue. Mr. Raymond has been in the grocery business for twenty -five years, establishing him- self in Bridgeport in 1862. The premises occupied are 30x70 feet in dimen- sions, comprising one of the largest and finest grocery stores in the city, located at 234 State street, where will be found a complete and exten- sive stock of staple and fancy groceries, flour, teas, coffees, vegetables and canned goods, in fact everything to be found in a first class estab- lishment of this kind can be purchased at the most reasonable prices. From its first establish- ment this house has been a favorite source of supply in this line. Those who come here for the first time will find a large and superior stock from which to make selections and will experi- ence the benefits of the pursuance of a liberal policy and an obliging promptness such as is in accordance with the honorable record of such a long-established house. Harry Nichols' Market, Dealer in Meat, Fish and Vegetables, 382 State Street. — To show what this city produces and what it has to supply, the extent and character of her resources, and the attractions she offers to capital for permanent in- vestment, and to the trade as a purchasing cen- ter, is the mission of this volume, and among those houses which have done so much to build up the meat, fish and vegetable trade of the city, the most casual observer must accord to the house of Mr. Harry Nichols a prominent posi- tion. This market was founded in 1877 by Messrs Nichols & Booth, and in 1S7S Mr. Harry Nichols assumed full control of the business, since which date it has gained a widespread reputation, and to-day is recognized as one of the most attractive and well arranged markets in Bridgeport. It has a floorage of 60x20 feet. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 123 The stock consists of a varii ty almost too numer- ous to memion, and embraces all kinds of meats, fish and vegetables, butter, eggs, cheese and canned goods, all of which are guaranteed to be of the best quality to be obtained in the city. The extensive retail trade gives employment to three very capable assistants and the entire busi- ness is most ably managed under the direct per- sonal supervision of the proprietors. Mr. Nichols is a native'of Stepney, Connecticut, a gentleman whose extended experience makes him fully acquainted with the wants of the public, and he is fully able to supply any demands made upon him. Stephen Osborne, Stationer and Newsdealer, 6G1 State Street. — While reviewing the commer- cial interests and enterprises of Bridgeport we must not in any manner fail to do justice to those establishments that do so much to elevate society by the dissemination of the products of the printing press, and to provide for their use such aids to refinement and education as may be required. We have reference to the well known house of Stephen Osborne, which is the leading representative of this line of trade in the West End. The house was founded in 1882 by Messrs. Buckley & Robbins and changed to its present title in March 1887. The premises occupied for the business are specially well arranged for its transaction, being located at 661 State street, and cover an area of 35x15 feet in dimensions. The stock carried by this house includes such a variety as would be expected in the larger estab- lishments of metropolitan cities, and reflects in a creditable manner the tastes and character of the community. It includes a full line of stationers' and newsdealers' goods, and in fact everything that would go to make up a complete and first- class stock. In addition to the above-named goods Mr. Osborne carries a fine line of confec- tionery, ice cream, etc., which are guaranteed to be fresh and free from all injurious qualities. Mr. Osborne is a native of New Milford, Connec- ticut, and a highly respected citizen of Bridge- port. Hulton Bros., Dealers in Meats, Vegetables and Fruits, 663 State Street. — Among those in- dustries that it becomes the special province of this work to display, the enterprise of the Hulton Bros, deserves prominent mention. Identified so closely with the growth and commercial well being of the city, they occupy a place of a most interesting character as relates to house and table supplies. The actual number of beeves, hogs, sheep, etc., annually slaughtered for this market runs into thousands, to say nothing of the poultry and game. But leaving these statistical items for their appropriate place we refer our readers to the establishment of Messrs. Hulton Bros., which was founded in Jan. 1887, since which time they have enjoyed a well-merited reputation for the reliable quality of stock kept on hand, which embraces choice beef, veal, mut- ton, lamb, pork, lard, etc., also canned goods, vegetables, fruits, pure milk, etc., etc. The premises utilized for this business are located at 663 State street and its large retail trade extends throughout the city. The individual members of the firm are Mr. H. J. and P. J. Hulton, both natives of Bridgeport and highly esteemed citi- zens of this community, Mr. H. J. Hulton being a member of the Knights of Columbus, and both are members of the West End Social Club. A. S. Bodine, Manufacturing Stationer, Steam Printer and Lithographer, Office Room 11, Con- necticut National Bank Building. — The business of the stationer is one that affords a pretty surs criterion of the state of culture of the community in which it is carried on, for the varying needs of the people from either a business or a social point of view are quickly and accurately reflected by the stationery for which there is the mosl demand. A manufacturing stationer, steam printer and lithographer who may reasonably be expected to have a tolerably accurate idea of the wants of the people as he has been engaged in serving them in this direction for over a score of years, is Mr. A. S. Bodine, whose Bridgeport office is in the Connecticut National Bank Building, Room 11. Mr. Bodine began business in New York City as a manufacturing stationer, in 1866, and has carried on his office in this city since 1884. His goods are manufactured solely for consumers, and from ten to twelve employees are kept busy attending to the many orders constantly coming in. In connection with his stationery business, steam printing and lithographing are extensively carried on, and orders in either or both of these lines will receive prompt attention and will be executed in the highest style of the art. Clarence H. Bradley, Dealer in Beef, Mutton, Lamb, Veal, Vegetables, Fruits, of all kinds in their seasoD, No. 227 Fairfield Avenue. — The great cry of the average man is for good meat and plenty of it, and when they find a reliable place where fresh and fine goods can be bought at reasonable prices they will be apt to continue as steady patrons. In this connection we would beg to call the attention of our numerous readers to the newly established house of Clarence H. Bradley located at No. 227 Fairfield Avenue. Here may be found a choice and well selected assortment of beef, mutton, lamb, veal, vegeta- bles and fruits of all kinds in their season. Mr. Bradley enjoys every facility for providing his entire trade in a prompt, neat and attentive manner, with all kinds of meat from the best stock to be found, and at prices fair and reason- able. The premises occupied cover an area of 20x40' feet and are admirably arranged for the business, which has every indication of being an extensive one. Polite and attentive assistants are em- ployed, and all orders are called for and deliv- ered free of charge, if desired. Mr. Bradley is a native of Bridgeport, and is a young man well and favorably known through- out the city. He is very accommodating, and possessed of ability to conduct the business he has undertaken. We confidently recommend his establishment to our many readers, feeling assured they will receive a full equivalent for their money. 124 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. The People's Savings Bank of Bridgeport, Incorporated 1860. — It is difficult to over-esti- mate the good which may be done in a com- munity by a well managed and perfectly secure savings institution, and where such establish- ments are found a grade of population percep tibly higher than the average is sure to be noticed. Inculcating as they do principles of thrift and •economy, and by example and precept striving to make the community at large more economical and prosperous, they form a conservative force whose importance is not fully appreciated, save in times of trial, when it becomes apparent to every one. The People's Savings Bank of Bridgeport cer- tainly needs no eulogy from us, for during the quarter cen'ury and more which it has been es tablished, it has surely worked its way to a high and secure position in the minds of the people. How well it merits the name of "People's" Savings Bank will be seen from the treasurer's report of October, 1886, at which time deposits to the amount of $1,734,364.32 were due 5,039 depositors or, in other words, the average de- posit was but a small fraction over $344.18. No extensive capitalists here you will see but the hard earned savings of the " plain people," as glorious "Old Abe" used to call them. The re- sponsibility of the judicious investment of the enormous sum total is shown by the following well-known citizens: President, Geo. B. Waller; First Vice-President, William E. Seely; Second Vice-President, Samuel VV. Baldwin; Secretary and Treasurer, Edward W. Marsh; Trustees, D. W. Kissam. Eli C. Smith, John E. Pond, F. A. Barlram, Elbert E. Ilubbell, Wm. II. Rockwell, Henry Atwater, Enoch P. Hincke, Asa S. Par- sons; Bookkeeper and Teller, Frank Hubbard. It will be see>n that the list is a strong one, and contains the names of those who to a man fully deserve and merit the con- fidence reposed in their business sigacity and honor. The Sterling Restaurant, 365 Main Street, Jesse Sands, Proprietor. — Whatever may have been the case in the past, Bridgeport now possesses a restaurant which, in the completeness and elegance of its appointments and the promptness and courtesy of its service, can safely and confidently in- vite comparison with any similar es- tablishment in the State. We regret that our limited space forbids our giving a detailed de- scription of the expensive decoration and superb accessories of this palatial cafe, but as gfter all, no account of them, however elaborate, could pro- perly present them to our readers, we will simply urge them to call at No. 365 Main street, and see and admire for themselves. A visit will show to all that not only liberality and taste, but also large experience must have been possessed by whoever founded so admirable and complete an estab- lishment, and this is indeed the case, as Mr. Jesse Sands, the proprietor, is a native of New York City, and has long been familiar with similar insti- tutions conducted on a scale of metropolitan magnificence. The apartment is of the dimensions of 20x80 feet, and a large number of guests can be accom modated and promptly served, as fifteen courte- ous and efficient employes are at hand. Ladies, especially, will find the cafe highly satisfactory, for while everything is of the best, the prices are very reasonable and the patronage select. Mr. Sands makes a specialty of catering for societies and clubs and has a separate room, ele- gaut in its appointments, for the use of societies. Behning & Son's, Bridgeport Agenc}', 532 Main Street, W. F. Mader, Manager. — The growing opulence of Bridgeport has been so marked during the past few years as to have oc- casioned a considerable increase in those lines of trade and industry which administer to the LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BRIDGEPORT. 1 35 pleasure of the people and which cannot he strictly called necessities. As an evidence of the truth of this statement, the well known piano manufacturers, Messrs. Behning & Son, of New York, have established branch wareroomsforthe sale of their instruments at No. 532 Main street and are doing quite a prosperous and satisfactory trade. The superior quality of the "Behning" pianos and the honorable business methods of this house having won for them the confidence of the peo- ple, whose unanimous verdict is that "Behning Piano is the Favorite," "We feel safe in buying a Behning piano." The Behning pianos certainly have a richness, purity and sweetness of tone and a delicacy of touch that is unrivaled, and are noted for their durability and standing in tune. A full line of these pianos are always kept in stock at their warerooms, 532 Main street, con- sisting of grands, uprights and squares in rose- wood, French walnut, mahogany, cocobola and ebonized cases— all hand polished and finished in A No. 1 style. The trade of this branch store is chiefly confined to this city and vicinity. Mr. W. F. Mader, who has been connected with Messrs. Behning & Son for a number of years in New York city, has charge of the busi- ness here and is well worthy of the patronage he has received and the success he has met with. Messrs. Behning & Son are always glad to have customers call at their factory on 128th street be- tween Third and Lexington avenues in New York city, and will be glad to show them their pianos in every stage of construction. The Pierce Manufacturing Company, Con- tractors for Building Sewers, Drains, Wells, Cisterns, etc.; also, Manufacturers of Cement Pipe, Chimney Tops Garden Vases, etc.; Office and Pipe Works, Junction Hou>atonic and N. Washington Avenues. — In a wide field of useful- ness the Pierce Manufacturing Company have for ten years successfully conducted one of Bridgeport's leading industries, and in then- special line they are practically without compe- tition. The company are large contractors for building- sewers, drains, wells, cisterns, etc., and have unsurpassed facilities for conducting operations on a most extensive scale, and in the most per- fect manner. To meet the requirements of their trade, the concern established extensive works for the manufacture of cement well pipe, chim- ney tops, garden vases, the plant being eligibly located for their purposes, at the junction of Housatonic and N. Washington Avenues. The pipe, etc., is made of Rosendale and Portland cement and gravel, hardened by carbonic acid gas, and the product is as durable as granite. A specialty is made of 30 inch well pipe, and for this purpose the product of these works is unequaled, either as to cheapness or durability. The house makes contracts for all kinds of sew- erage, drain, well and cistern work, and guaran- tees the nearest possible approach to perfection of workmanship anel fullest satisfaction as to prices. Steam pumping and hoisting of all kinds, rock drilling and excavating is done with dis- patch, and the push and promptitude of the com- pany has established them in general confidence. Mr. E. W. Dewhurst is the president, and Mr. C. E. Williams is the secretary and treasurer of the company. They are both Connecticut men by birth and are always named among the suc- cessful business men and influential citizens of the place. The company employs from forty to fifty workmen, and their ability to finish their work promptly and accurately, and their reliability in all they undertake, constitute the secret of their decided success. C. Russell & Co., Wholesale and Retail Gro- cers and Bakers, 335 Main Street. — One of the best known business enterprises in the city is that carried on under the firm name of C. Rus- sell ors in his high official position. LBADING BUSINESS MEN OF SOUTH NOB WALK. 14o Crofut & Knapp, Manufacturers of Fur Hats, 125 Greene Street, New York. Factories: South Norwalk, Connecticut, corner Main and Union Streets and corner Water and Tolles Streets. — With two extensive factories located at corner of Main and Union streets, and at corner of Water and Tolles streets, this well known firm are conducting a business of immense pro- portions as manufacturers of Fur Hats, and the concern is the oldest aud leading industry of the kind in South Norwalk. This business was inaugurated in 1858 and has been conducted without change in the name or personnel of the firm for nearly thirty years, with unvarying success. The firm occupy two large buildings, three stories in height, the one on Main street being 50x60 feet in dimensions, and that on Water street having an area of 40x200 feet, and both are thoroughly equipped with valuable machinery, operated by steam engines of enormous power. Such is the extent of the operations of Messrs, Crofut & Knapp, as to necessitate the employ- ment of over 300 operatives, and the aggregate of the hats placed upon the market by the firm annually, is very large. The firm manufacture the best qualities and most stylish aud serviceable Fur Hats, stiff and flexible, in the market, and have facilities for supplying the most desirable goods, perfect in workmanship and finish at low prices, and the punctuality in filling orders, liberal policy and honorable methods have long since established the house in the confidence of the trade through- out the United States. The salesrooms and principal offices of the firm are at No. 125 Greene street. The large output of the factories is consigned to all parts of this and many foreign countries, and the volume of the trade of Messrs. Crofut & Knapp, home and export, rank them as successful leaders in this field of industry in the United States. Messrs. A. J. and Jas. K. Crofut, Jas. H. and B. N. Knapp comprise this representative, responsible firm. They are Connecticut men by birtli and at home and abroad are esteemed for their personal and business worth. Dennis & Blanchard, Finishers and Trimmers of Straw Hats and Manufacturers of Braid Hats. — Instances of the ingenuity shown by man in turn- ing natural products to his own uses are too fre- quent to excite remark, but certainly he who first thought of using straw as a head-covering show- ed a power of application of means to ends wor thy of the highest intellect. Think how admira- bly straw is suited to the purpose of a head-cov- ering. Light, a non-conductor of heat, capable of bearing prolonged exposure to the elements, perfectly water-proof (when properly braided), it combines in a marked degree a multitude of good qualities. That these are appreciated is shown by the enormous demand for Straw Hats in this country alone, a demand of the size of which some faint idea may be formed when we state that a single factory here, that of Dennis & Blanchard, has a capacity for turning out 150,000 dozen per sea- son. This well known house hagbeen conducted under its present name since 1881, business prior to that date having been carried on by Mr. Dex- ter Dennis, father of the present member of the firm. The firm now consists of Messrs. L. E. Dennis and A. Blanchard the former gentleman being a native of Birre, Massachusetts, while the latter was born in Petersham, same State. From thirty to fifty hands are employed in the shop, which is 60x300 feet in dimensions. The finishing and trimmiug of Palm Leaf, Leghorn, Mataga, India, Panama, Canton, and other for- eign hats, and the manufacture of Jiraid hats are extensively carried on, an exclusively wholesale business being done. W. A. Wheeler, Manufacturer of Hatters' Tools, Heaters, etc. — Commanding the univer- sal confidence among the manufacturers of this city and section Mr. W. A. Wheeler has for four years past successfully conducted one of the im- portant industries of South Norwalk. He occu- pies two extensive buildings 30x60 and 30x80 feet in dimensions respectively, fitted up in the most complete manner for forging and iron work generally, and the valuable machinery is driven by a steam engine of 25 horse- power. A force of twelve skilled workmen are em- ployed in the establishment in the manufacturing of Hatter's Tools, Heaters, etc., and the out-put the establishment both in design and general excellence is unsurpassed. He manufactures the Extension Box and Rod for Water, Steam and Gas, and supplies these desirable appliances at lowest margins above cost of production. All special work is made to order in the most ac- curate manner, and in prices as in workmanship, this reliable iron master successfully competes with any manufacturer in this section. Mosher & Curran, Manufacturers of Hat Blocks and Flanges, Hatters' Tools, etc., Water Street. — Nothing is more interesting for those who have a fondness for looking into such sub- jects than to see how surely one industry gives birth to another, and that, perhaps, to still an- other, and so on until finally from the establish- ment of one great manufactory to do a certain kind of work, perhaps a dozen smaller shops are founded to perform widely different operations. Take the hat business, for instance. We must all wear hats a good part of the time, conse- quently hatters are numerous and prosperous, and as the work which they carry on requires certain tools, blocks, forms, etc., many large factories are employed in supplying these articles. Prominent among the manufacturers of Hat Blocks and Flanges, Hatters' Tools, etc., stands the firm of Mosher & Curran, located on Water street, South Norwalk. The business was started in 1882, and has now reached large proportions, requiring the occu- pancy of two floors 48x32 in dimensions, and the employment of 35 horse-power. Both a wholesale and retail business is carried on, principally in Hatters' Materials, although Variety Trimming in quantity is also done. The firm consists of Messrs. W. H. Mosher and J. F. Curran, both of these gentlemen being natives of Yonkers, New York. Work is done at the lowest market rates and perfect satisfaction is guaranteed. 146 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF SOUTH NORWALK. J. W. Studwell, Agent for B. Shoninger & Co., and Dealer in Pianos and Organs, 12 Railroad Place. — A business agent is a man whose ser- vices are valuable both to the buyer and the seller, and he who devotes his entire time to this business is certainly as well if not better pre- pared to act wisely and with good judgment than either owner or purchaser probably could. Mr. J. W. Studwell, who is agent for several of the best manufacturers of Pianos and Organs, established his business in South Norwalk in 1879. The attractive warerooms utilized for the transaction of the business covers an area of 24x 60 feet, where a fine assortment of the best makes in Pianos and Organs may be found. Among the most celebrated are the Emerson, Shoninger and Weber. He has the assistance of a thor- oughly capable clerk who is conversant with all the details of the business, and his already large retail trade is steadily increasing. These instruments are sold at very reasonable prices for cash or on the installment plan. Mr. Studwell has had several years' experience in this line of business, and is considered one of the best judges of Pianos or Organs in this section of the country. Mr. Studwell is a native of Connecticut, and his long business career in South Norwalk has gained him many friends. We recommend him heartily to all who desire any of the above named instruments as being a man entirely capable of conducting his business in an intelligent and successful manner to the financial advantage of his patrons. The Volk Hat Company, Successors to Joseph A. Volk & Co., Manufacturers of Fine Wine Stiff Hats, Cor. Raymond and Day Streets. — Of late years South Norwalk has attained dis- tinction as one of the leading hat manufacturing cities in the country, and her fame for quality as well as quantity of these productions is rapid- ly extending. Among those concerns whose energy and resources have produced these results, the Volk Hat Company maintains a prominent position and since its incorporation four years ago it has exercised a most beneficent influence, and met with most gratifying success. The company's factory is located at corner Raymond and Day streets, and consists of two large three-story, brick and frame buildings, 40x70 feet, and 30x80 feet in dimensions, respec- tively, and the establishment in its equipment and appointments is a pattern of completeness and convenience. The extensive business of the house affords employment to several hundred operatives. The output comprises a full assortment of Fine Wine Stiff Hats of the best quality, and in latest and most fashionable styles and colors, and the ability of the company to meet all the requirements of an exacting trade, make this a favorite source of supply for the leading jobbers and dealers in all parts of the country. The officers of the company are as follows: President, Christian Swartz; Secretary and Treasurer, Jos. A. Volk; Superintendent, Henry I. Smith, all of whom are men especially quali- fied for their several responsible positions, and their ability and worth inspire fullest confidence of their trade and correspondents everywhere. Mr. Swartz is a Director of the City National Bank, and both he and the efficient Secretary of the Company are numbered among the most prominent and influential citizens of Norwalk. Jacob M. Layton, Fire, Life and Accident In- surance Agency, Real Estate and House Agent, Ocean Steamship Tickets, 65 Washington Street, next door to Post Office. — The house of Jacob M. Layton, located at No. 65 Washington street (next door to Post Office) does a general Real Es- tate business, buying and selling, procuring loans, etc. He also places insurance in reliable compa- nies and makes collections, and in all these branches of business is amply prepared to con- duct business in an able maimer. He is well ac- quainted with the property of the city and his judgment in this direction is of value to all who desire to either buy or sell. As an Insurance man he represents the follow T - ing well known and reliable companies: London Assurance Corporation, Norwich Union Fire In- surance Society, Continental Insurance Company, New York; North British & Mercantile, Washing- ton Fire and Marine, Boston; Glens Falls Insur- ance Company, Sun Fire Office, London; Fire Association, Philadelphia, Penn ; Newark Fire Insurance Company, Merchants Insurance Com- pany, Newark, N. J. ; Rochester German Insur- ance Company, Lion of London, Scottish Union and National Insurance Company, State of Penn- sylvania, Philadelphia; New Hampshire Insur- ance Company; Imperial of London, Middlesex Mutual, Connecticut. The business was established in 1876. He fully understands the Insurance, Loaning and Real Estate business, and is a prompt and effi- cient collector. Any business trusted to him will be well and faithfully transacted. Mr. Layton is a Notary Public and competent not only to pre- pare Legal Documents, Deeds, Mortgages, etc., but also to take acknowledgement of the same. Mr. Layton also has on hand Ocean Steamship Tickets, Drafts and Money Orders. Railroad tickets to all points South and West are also for sale, and baggage will be checked to destination by Pennsylvania R. R. or New York Central R. R. and connecting lines South and West. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF SOUTH NOR WALK. 147 Mr. Layton is a native of New Jersey and is highly esteemed in this city, having occupied the position of Water Commissioner and also a mem- ber of School Committee. He is at present writ- ing Treasurer of the School District and Secretary of the Water Board. He will always be found ready to conduct bus iness with prudence and energy, and we com- mend him to non-residents who have property in South Norwalk as a proper gentleman to take charge of same. I. M. Hoyt, Druggist and Pharmacist, 62 Main Street. — Among the many long and well estab- lished houses in this city devoted to sale of drugs and manufacture of Medicines, we take pleasure in calling the attention of our readers to the house of Mr. I. M. Hoyt, located at 62 Main street. This Pharmacy was established by its present proprie- tor in 1875, and during the twelve years of its existence it has gained an extensive trade extend ing throughout the city. The premises com- prise a fine store 20x60 feet in dimensions which is elegantly fitted up and arranged in the most approved style. The goods handled are tastefully displayed and include a complete stock of Drugs, Medicines, Fancy and Toilet Articles, etc. The extensive business of this house requires the assistance of three comp3tent and reliable clerks, and phy- sicians' prescriptions are compounded with the utmost care and caution. Dr. Hoyt is a reliable Chemist and the public are assured that only the purest Drugs are used in the manufacture of Medicines at this establishment. Dr. Hoyt is proprietor and manufacturer of Hoyt's Cough Remedy, Hoyt's Fever and Ague Cure, and other specialties, which are so well known and highly appreciated by all who have used them. Dr. Hoyt is a native of Norwalk, well known and highly esteemed in social and business circles throughout the city. Hayes & Co., Manufacturers of Fine Stiff and Flexible Brim Fur Hats, Cedar Street. — Among the numerous Hat Manufacturers of Connecticut, none produces better goods than the well known establishment of Hayes & Co., whose factories are located on Cedar Street, 200 feet west of Main, in this town, and whose New York office is at 115 Greene street, where a full line of samples are shown. Their main office is at the factory ; here all accounts are kept, and goods are shipped direct to their destination. At these factories they manufacture a line of Stiff and Flexible Brim Fur Hats of a fine grade, made entirely by hand, and these are placed in the hands of the leading jobbers throughout tl^e United States. The goods are produced under the personal supervision of Mr. R. F. Hayes, a gentleman of long experience in the business, having been closely connected with the Hat business for the past twenty years, formerly carrying on the same business in Danbury, Conn. The product of this establishment cannot be excelled, either in quality or price, by any of its contemporaries, and all using their goods are thoroughly satisfied with them. We commend this establishment to our readers, both at home and abroad. The Duncan Iron Railing Works, Manufactu- rers of Wrought and Cast Iron Fencing, Iron Gates, Doors, Shutters and Grating, also Iron Stairs and Bolts for Building Purposes, Water Street, Wm. H. Hoyt, Proprietor.— These works, the leadiDg indus- try of the kind in South Norwalk, were establish- ed over twenty years ago by Mr. Wm. H. Dun- can, who in 1NS2 was succeeded by Mr. Wm. H. Hoyt. The establishment is eligibly located on Water street, with every facility for shipment and re- ceipt of merchandise by rail or water, and the works throughout are a model of good manage- ment and completeness. The machinery is driven by steam power and a force of skilled workmen are constantly employed in the manu- facture of Wrought and Cast Iron Fencing, Iron Doors, Gites, Shutters and Gratings, and also Iron Stairs and Bolts for building purposes. The finest work in style and finish is promptly executed to order at lowest prices, and the hon- orable methods and worth of this reliable manu- facturer has firmly established him in a prosper- ous business and in general esteem and confi- dence of his customers and correspondents at home and abroad. Mr. Hoyt is a native of New York and is an expert, practical business man, and his success has been commensurate with his energy and worth. He makes a specialty of Oyster Steam Dredges and Shipsmithing. S. W. Gregory, Livery, Boarding, Sale, Feed and Exchange Stables, Railroad Place. — An en- terprise that is invariably well managed is sure of success, hence we find that ever since Mr. S. W. Gregory started in this business, some five years ago, fortune has continually favored his efforts in catering to the wants of the public in the livery business. Since his first beginning here he has shown a thorough knowledge of what is required, good taste in his outfits, and a careful supervision ©f every detail in the several departments and necessary equipments, which has given his establishment a reputation second to none other in this city. The premises occupied are located on Railroad Place and comprise a fine two-story brick building which is complete in all its departments. This extensive establishment has a large number of fine driving horses, together with buggies, pure- tons, etc., all of elegant style and finish, special care being taken that everything turned out from the stables is supplied with every requisite for comfort and safety. The accommodations for boarding horses are also of a superior character. The stables are models of cleanliness, as is every- thing connected with the establishment. The feed and care given the animals in their charge is such as only a lengthened experience and a knowledge of their wants can supply. Several men are employed in connection with the various departments of the business, and horses and carriages can be obtained at all hours, with or without drivers. Mr. Gregory is a native of the State and is highly esteemed by all who know him. He sends a fine coach to all tbe trains and has tele- phone connection. 148 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF SOUTH NORWALK. Joseph J. Asch, Manufacturer of Hatters' Furs, and Hat Forming Works. — Prominent among the leading establishments throughout the State engaged in this industry, we find that of J. J. Asch. This business was estab- lished very many years ago, and has always been eminently successful from the start About two years ago the buildings were entirely destroyed by fire, and after taking tem- porary quarters, Mr. Asch at once began to build his present fine factories, and since being com- pleted, which was quite recent, he has fitted them up with the most modern machinery used in the business. These works cover an area of nearly an acre, and are built in a thoroughly substantial manner throughout, being of brick, the walls being eighteen inches thick at the base and sixteen inches at the top. The building is divided into several departments, among which are the Hat Forming Rooms, Cutting and Packing Room, Wash Room, Carroting Room, Drying Room, Boiler Room (in which are two eighty horse- power boilers), Engine Room (fitted with an engine of 100 horse-power). On the second, third and fourth floors we find many other departments, to describe which would occupy more space than we have at our disposal. This representative house occupies extensive warehouses at 64 and 66 White street, New York, and a very extensive business is done, extending throughout the country. From one hundred and fifty to two hundred hands are employed. J. W. OAVANAGH, Artist in Marble, ITALIAN MARBLE AND GRANITE MON- UMENTS, South Norwalk. Raymond Brothers, Wholesale Dealers and Commission Merchants, Office Washington Street, Yard and Wharves, Water Street, branch at Greenwich, Conn. — Possessing exceptional facilities for their large trade in Coal, Building materials, Straw, Hay, Flour, Grain, etc., Messrs. Raymond Brothers have for nearly twenty years held a prominent place among the wholesale dealers and commission merchants of Western Connecticut. The extensive trade of the house was inaugu- rated in 1868, and from the beginning has been conducted with marked energy and success, and their trade has attained colossal proportions. The Messrs. Raymond occupy a large three- story building and office on Washington street, with extensive yards, storehouses and wharves on Water street in this city; also a branch yard, with all modern facilities, in Greenwich, Connec- ticut, their advantages for receipt, storage and shipments are unsurpassed by any house in their line in New England, and, indeed equaled by few. The firm manufacture Cement Pipe, put down Wells, build Reservoirs, and are heavy dealers in all kinds of Coal for manufacturing and domes- tic purposes, Hard and Soft Wood, and every desirable article in building materials, Blue and Brown Stone, Granite, FiTe Brick, Clay, Fertiliz- ers, Drain Pipe, Terra Cotta Ornaments, Hay. Straw, Flour, Grain, Salt, Fish, Oil, Soap, etc. Consignments of anything in their line have- prompt personal attention and merchandise is handled to the best advantage of consigners, at low rates of commission, the facilities for prompt, advantageous sales being all that could be desir- ed. Prompt returns are made, and satisfaction guaranteed, and the extensive acquaintance and standing of the house in the markets at home and abroad make this a desirable firm with which to establish and maintain business relations. The firm are agents for the celebrated Averill Chemical Paint, and have at all times an im- mense stock of merchandise available for imme- diate orders, and in all their engagements are prompt, reliable and accommodating. The Messrs. Raymond make contracts for Bridges, Sewers, Landscape Gardening, Painting, Grad- ing, Flag and Cement Walks, Trucking, etc., and employ a large force of skilled workmen and mechanics in their business. Messrs. Win. T. and Tlios. I. Raymond are the individual members of this successful firm. They are natives of Connecticut and are promi- nent and influential citizens of this thriving city. H. Krieger, Dealer in Fancy Goods, Ribbons, Millinery Goods, etc., Mahackemo Hotel Block, Main Street. — Here is a business house, one of the first in this city, having been established in 1868, when the city was in its infancy. Having worked himself in the ways of the people, the proprietor always has a stock on hand to please them. We would just name a few of the many articles kept here. In the first place we will take Ribbons, being the first thing that takes your eye; it is one of the largest lines carried on in the State. Secondly — the stock of Millinery goods. A shape cannot be named but that the proprietor has secured it. Third — Corsets, embracing all styles and prices. Hosiery in every description, Underwear, Gloves, both fabric and kid. Buttons, etc. It would tire the reader to name the different articles kept here. In conclusion we would s.^y that prices are so- low that people cannot fail to appreciate them. Go here for anything in the fancy goods line, you are sure to find it. Such a complete stock can- not be found in the State. The proprietor is H. Krieger, Mahackemo Hotel Block, Main Street. A. L. Duncan, Manufacturer of Fine Stiff Hats, Flexible Brims and Cassimeres; Factory, Union Street. — The City of South Norwalk lias long been famous, not only for the quantity' of the hats manufactured within her limits, but in quality as well, her pre eminence is established on a sure, enduring basis. Of those engaged in this importsnt industry here, A. L. Duncan occupies a prominent posi- tion, and his factory on Union Street is one of the most complete and extensive in the city. The business was inaugurated by Mr. Duncan in 1884, and has from its inception been carried on with consummate tact and ability and with consequent success. The main factory is a large four-story brick building, 30x90 feet in dimensions, with two additional — one, 45x46, another, 60x22 — equipped most thoroughly with the latest improved ma- LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF SOUTH NORWALK. 149 chinery, driven by steam, and over 100 operatives are employed in the business. The output comprises Stiff and Flexible Fur Hats of the finest quality, large quantities of which are daily turned out and find ready mar- kets in all parts of the country. For styles, finish and general excellence of his hats, Mr. Duncan is unsurpassed by any house in his line in New England, and the factory is a favorite source of supply f'->r jobbers and dealers in all parts of the United States. Mr. Duncan is a native of South Norwalk, and is a business man of sagacity and energy, and his worth, punctuality and honorable business methods have firmly established him in general confidence, and have developed a large and steadily growing trade. First National Bank. — Under the provisions of the United States Banking Laws, the First National Bank of South Norwalk was organized and began business in September, 1864. The capital of the Bank is $200,000, with a surplus, exclusive of undivided profits of $24,000. The liberal methods and policy of the Bank, combined with prudence and ability of a high order begets the universal and unqualified confi dence of customers and makes it a valuable medium of exchange, deposit and discount, and the standing of the officers and directors, who are among the most prominent capitalists and successful manufacturers and merchants of Fair- field County, gives promise of a long continued career of usefulness. The officers of the Bank at present writing are: President, Dudley P. Ely who has been presi- dent since April 25th, 1865; Cashier, J. J. Mil lard, who has been cashier since the organization of the bank in September, 1864; Teller, C. E. Ferris, whohasheld the same positionsincel865; Directors, Dudley P. Ely, E. K. Lockwood, Samuel Clark, Alfred E. Austin, Russell Frost, J. R. Jennings and Alphonso Dibble. C. F. Boutwell, Dentist, Lauder's New Block. — In the rapid improvements of the last quarter of a century, every branch of business has seemed to move forward, but none more so than the den- tal art, which now seems to be at its height, es- pecially as we view the appliances and improve- ments of our best dental rooms. Mr. C. F. Boutwell whose parlors are located in Lauder's New Block (up stairs) is among the leading gentlemen in this line, and no pains or money is spared to provide every modern inven- tion, and all branches of dentistry are conducted in an experienced manner. The business was established here eighteen months ago by Mr. Boutwell, who has had along experience, having been with his father, who is a dentist in Ansonia, for several years previous, alto- gether twelve years' experience. His prices are rea- sonable as possible for first class work and, all in need of a reliable dentist will do well to give him a trial. He is a native of Ansonia, Connecticut, and is a young man of ability and energy, fully under- standing his profession in all its branches and well deserving the success he has achieved and the patronage he has received. Geo. Buckmaster & Co., Manufacturers of Bronze Hardware, Knobs, Locks, etc, — One of the most prominent as well as important manu- factories in South Norwalk is that conducted so ably by Messrs. Geo. Buckmaster & Co. This business was established in December, 1886, by Geo. Buckmaster, who conducted it until April 15th, 1887, when Mr. Chas. E. Woodward was admitted as partner, the firm name then being changed to Geo. Buckmaster & Co. They occifpy for business purposes four two- story buildings 100 feet square; these are fitted up with all the most modern machinery used in the manufacture of the goods. A thirty horse- power steam engine and boiler provide the mo- tive power, and sixty skilled hands are employed, in the many departments. An exceedingly large and steadily increasing- business is transacted and extends all over the the United States. The product of the factory embraces all kinds of Bronze Hardware, Knobs, Locks, etc., and these are sold to the trade on most reasonable terms. Mr. Geo. Buckmaster is anative of Hempstead, L. I., and has resided in South Norwalk since 1886. Mr. Chas. E. Woodward is a native of South Norwalk, and is the son of Mr. E. A. Wood- ward, a well-known citizen of South Norwalk. Both members of the firm are energetic and enterprising, and are well known and respected gentlemen. All having business dealings with them will meet with liberal treatment, and can- not fail but be satisfied, both as regards quality and price of goods purchased of them. William K. McEwen, Fur Hat Manufacturer, Jobber and Retailer, and Dealer in Gents' Fur- nishing Goods. — The principles of the so-called " science of political economy " are evidently far from being established, if one may judge by the disputes among those who profess to be experts on the subject, but probably none would chal- lenge the statement that, other things being equal, it is more to the advantage of the con- sumer to purchase directly from the manufac- turer than it would be to transact business through an agent or middleman. This is evident for many reasons, chief among them being that at least one profit is saved and that the salesman eannot screen himself behind the plea of ignorance of the goods should they prove unsatisfactory. This being generally understood, the pros- perity attending the enterprise of Mr. Wm. K. McEwen, the well-known Fur Hat Manufacturer and Dealer, requires no explanation. Business was begun by him in 1882, and a shop covering two floors and using ten horse-power is now occupied, and the services of fifteen skilled hands required. A large business is done in the jobbing and retailing of Fine Fur Hats and a complete line of fashionable Gents' Furnishings, in which goods au extensive retail trade is enjoyed, is also carried. Mr MeEwen was born in Glasgow, Scotland, and by his enterprise, foresight and good man- agement has fairly won success. 150 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF SOUTH NOR WALK. Walter L. Wilcox, Successor to Hon. W. S. Hanford, Insurance Agency; Office, Corner Washington and Main Streets. — Insurance, both Fire and Life, is one of the great interests of the age. In money, power and influence, it ranks with banking, railroading, mining and mercantile pursuits. The penniless and dependent are pro- tected through its blessed influence. All over the globe the protecting power of this science is felt. The only question to be considered is: Winch are the best conducted and safest companies in which to insure V Mr. Walter L.Wilcox, at the corner of Washing- ton and Main streets, is regarded as a reliable gentleman, and represents the following well- known companies: American, of Philadelphia; In- surance Company of North America, Meriden, of Meriden; Niagara, of New York; Ger- man American, of New York; Fireman's Friend, of California; Fire Insurance Association, of England; British Amer- ica, of Ontario; Commercial Union, of England; Hanover, of Springfield, and the Anglo-Nevada, of California. Mr. Wilcox has been in the insurance business for the past ten years, having succeeded the Hon. W. S. Hanford three years ago. He occupies two neat offices at the above location on the second floor, and has a large and extensive patronage. He is a native of Connecticut, and is a young man of energy and ability, and conducts his business on a high plane of business honor, hence has the confidence of the general public throughout the city. All wishing to place insurance in reliable companies should call upon Mr. Wilcox, and we feel assured that their confidence will not be misplaced. Giles Haulenbeck, Manufacturer of Cigar Boxes, Foot of Marshal Street. — The industries of Norwalk are varied, and in our researches we find specialties that deserve proper mention. Among these we note the house of Giles Haulen- beck, Manufacturer of Cigar Boxes of all kinds and sizes. The factory is located at the foot of Marshal street, South Norwalk, and comprises two floors 24x38 feet in dimen- sions. This is fitted up with all the most modern machines used in the manufacture of their goods, which are propelled by a gas engine of several horsepower. Four skilled hands are employed in the different departments, and they turn out 2,500 boxes per week. The trade is mostly local and is very extensive, being entirely wholesale. Mr. Haulenbeck established the busi- ness eleven years ago, and has conducted it on strictly business principles. Mr. Giles Haulenbeck is a native of %7mww^MWWim New Jerse y- ar " 1 is a thoroughly experi- enced man in the business he has under- taken. He also enjoys as many facilities and as large resources for supplying the trade in this line of goods as any house in Norwalk. Mr. Haulenbeck is noted for fairness in all business dealings, and will continue in the future as he has in the past to place his goods at the lowest market prices. E. P. Knapp, Manufacturer of Hat and Hardware Cases. — Among the most enterprising and successful manufacturers of Norwalk, may be found Mr. E. F. Knapp, who carries on the manufacture of Hat and Hardware Cases. Business was inaugurated in 1881, under the firm name of Fitch & Knapp, and was continued under that style up to April 2!t, 1SS6, at which time it became as it is at present. The factory comprises two floors, each of the dimensions (10x52 feet, and both a wholesale and retail business is done, employment being given LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF SOUTH NORWALK 151 to ten men. The capacity of the works is fiom 350 to 400 cases per day, and as the products ot this house have met with great favor among those interested, the maximum output named is frequently reached. All orders will receive prompt and painstaking attention and the goods are fully warranted to give the best of satisfac tl0 Mr. Knapp is a native of South Norwalk, and is well known and highly esteemed here for his many excellent qualities. J. R. Raymond, Contractor and Builder.— As one of the oldest and most successful Contractors and Builders in South Norwalk, Mr J. K. Kay- mond has taken prominent part in the extensive building operations in this city during the past nuarterof a century. He established himself in business here over twenty five years ago, and in most of the work in his line his services have been called into requisi- te occupies commodious workshops on Water street, and his establishment is supplied with wood-working machinery of improved patterns driven by steam, and a force of twenty-five skill- ed workmen are employed by him during the busy season. , .„ Mr. Raymond furnishes plans and specifica- tions and gives estimates for all kinds of building work, and contracts are performed in the most satisfactory manner; orders for jobbing are rilled with despatch . Mr. Raymond has a great variety of plans for buildings on hand, and furnishes Frames, Doors, Sash, etc., for builders uses, and his worth and ability justify the fullest confi- ?He is a native of Connecticut, and in a wide circle of acquaintance he is held in highest esteem for his personal and business integrity. South Norwalk Hat Company, Co-operative Manufacturers of Fine Wine and Water btitt , and Flexible Hats, of all Descriptions; Factory, South Norwalk; New York Office, 124 Greene S tree t —This successful company, largely com- posed of practical hatters, was organized and incorporated about three years ago, and on a scale of most important proportions the busi- ness has since been conducted with marked suc- C6 The works of the company are eligibly located and comprise a two-story building 30x90 feet in dimensions, and the factory is admirably equipped Over 100 workmen find constant employment in the service of this reliable com- Pa The output comprises fine Wine and Water Stiff and Flexible Hats of all descriptions, in latest styles and finest finish, and the facilities ot the corporation for filling orders with dispatch at lowest possible margin above cost ot produc- tion are unsurpassed, if equaled, by any other house in their field of industrial enterprise. Mr E H. Bush is the President, and Mr. J no. J Murphy is the efficient Secretary of this com- pany, and under their able management and direction the interests of the corporation their customers and correspondents are in every way advanced. The Old Well Cigar Co., Manufacturers of Celebrated Brands of Cigars, Main Street.— Among the large contributors to the greatag gregate of South Norwalk's trade, The Old Well Cigar Company, established in 1868 and incor- porated in 1880, has held a foremost place, and in the esteem of the trade it is one of the most reliable sources of supply in New England. 1 he Company occupy a large three-story building on Main street, fully equipped for their purposes. Their yearly sales average three million cigars being the largest cigar factory in the State, it not in New England. The company are the manufacturers ot the following popular brands, famous throughout the State for their general excellence and flavor : Old Well Club, R. H. 10, Gander Club, La Cuba, C S 10 Old Well Bouquets, Stubs, Lmted Ser- vice Club, Snow Drop, Maud S La Empress, Patriots, Growler, R. H. 5, Monarch, Snow Flake Old Well Five, Real Comfort, Druggist s Pride 'and Old Well Club Ponies, all of which are celebrated as the best cigars, at prices asked, manufactured in this section. The facilities of the company for supplying seasoned goods of sterling Quality at low prices, makes this a popular con- cern with which to place orders, and the care ex- ercised to maintain the reputation of these cigars by careful selection of stock and personal super- vision of every detail of the work, has firmly es- tablished the company in the confidence ot job- bers and dealers in all parts of the country. The officers of the company are: President, Reed Haviland; Secretary and Treasurer Chris- tian Swartz; Superintendent, Mathew Corbett, all of whom are energetic, sagacious and respon- siable business man, whose skill and ability have brought to the company its present success. Martin Bates, Jr., & Co., Importers and Cutters of Hatters' Fur, South Norwalk.— The great importance and extent of the hat business in this country is probably appreciated more by the residents of Norwalk than it is by the inhab- itants of many other sections of the United States, for there are located here a number of very 1 >rge factories, more or less directly connected with the manufacture of hats. Prominent among" them is that conducted by Martin Bates, Jr. & Co this being a branch of a metropolitan house I whose main office is located at Nos. 80 and 83 I Greene street, New York, The branch of which we are writing was founded in January, 1880, and occupies one large building containing three floors, each 170X 32 feet in dimensions, as well as several smaller structures. . ... .„„„ The works are supplied with a fifty horse- power boiler and engine, and employment is S-iven to some eighty hands. The firm are Im- porters and Cutters of Hatters' Fur, and do an enormous business, standing, in fact, in the very front rank of those engaged in a similar line ot r Such of our readers as are familiar with the " Hatter and Furrier," will doubtless remember I the very full history of Martin Bates and his business given in the issue of that paper for ! January, 1883, and we only regret that space i does not permit us to copy even a few ot its 1 most salient points into our present article. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF STAMFORD. Rippo warns was the picturesque designation by which Stamford was known to the Indians. They were members of the tribe of Paugausetts, who were the natural owners of the soil of all this part of the State. Of their customs and life it is sufficient to say that they were " Indians " of the laziest and most inoffensive class. They were surprised during the fall of 1640 by the entrance into their harbor of a party of white men, probably the first that most of them had ever seen. The leader of the whites was Captain Nathaniel Turner, the military commander of the New Haven Colony, and their agent in the purchase of territory, who immediately opened negotiations with the Stamford Indians for their land. They finally disposed of it, keeping only a small reservation for themselves, for " twelve coats, twelve hoes, twelve hatchets, twelve knives, two kettles, and four fathoms of white wampum." A few months later the New Hav«n Colony sold the land purchased at Stamford to the inhabitants of Wethersfield for thirty pounds sterling, the latter agreeing to adopt the New Haven church form of government in their management of affairs. Before the close of the year 1641, there were thirty or forty families from the Wethersfield Colony settled here, the latter in fact being practically abandoned because of the superiority of the soil and situation of Stamford. This colony at Stamford was the most extreme toward the Dutch settlement at Manhattan and the Mohawks in eastern New York of any in Connecticut, and consequently it was subject to many fears of an hostile invasion from the west. At one time it looked very much like war with the Dutch, when brave one-legged Peter Stuyvesant, " Gouverneur of the Nieuw Nedterlandts," came galloping up along the coast through Stamford and New Haven to Hartford, where he gave his fearless challenge to the "Yankees." But the clouds happily blew over and were finally settled in 1664 by the conquest of New Netherlands by the Duke of York, and its annexation to the English Crown. It was a considerable time also before they were relieved from the fears of a Mohawk invasion by their being driven back from the Hudson toward the western part of New York State. Hardly had they been freed from these when in 1653, serious troubles were threatened by the prospective revolt of the home Indians in their reservation near Stamford. If these had once started out upon the war-path there is no doubt that the infant colony would have been completely blotted out, but they were quieted just in time by the "prudent measures of the colony." After this, however, the colonists had to take part in the other colonial wars with the Indians, including that of King Philip, which resulted in the final suppression of any fear of " Indian massacres " in this part of the land. STAMFORD, PAST AND PRESENT. 153 Stamford must have grown very slowly during the century from 1650 to 1750, as the records of the State show little evidence of its existence during that time. The name of the first minister does not seem to be easily obtainable, but the second was the Reverend John Davenport, son of John Davenport, the famous originator and leader of the New Haven Colony. The Rev. Mr. Davenport's pastorate in Stamford was thirty-six years in duration from 1695 to 1731, when he departed this life. He wrought a powerful work for good here and was greatly loved by the people. On his tomb it was written: "Religion, while he dwelt below, Its sacred influence on him shed; Learning and grace adorned his brow, And round their balmy odors spread. Unfading honors shall his tomb surround, To guard and wait the prophet's sleeping clay, Till the last trumpet raise him from the ground, To join the triumphs of th' important day." The Hon. Abraham Davenport, son of the Rev. John Davenport of Stamford, born here and a life-long resident, was for many years one of the Councillors of the Colony and later of the State of Connecticut. He was one of the most influential men of the State during the Revolution and the early days of the nation's life under the Constitution. The following accounts of him are related in the " Travels of Dr. D wight," President of Yale College: "The 19th day of May, 1780, was a remarkably dark day. Candles were lighted in many houses; the birds were silent and disappeared, and the fowls retired to roost. The legislature of the State was then in session at Hartford. A very general opinion prevailed that the day of judgment was at hand. The House of Represent- atives, being unable to transact their business, adjourned. A proposal to adjourn the Council was under consideration. When the opinion of Colonel Davenport was asked, he answered, ' I am against an adjournment. The day of judgment is either approaching or it is not. If it is not, there is no cause for an adjournment; if it is, I choose to be found doing my duty. I wish therefore that candles maybe brought.' The other instance took place at Danbury, at the Court of Common Pleas, of which he was chief-justice. This venerable man, after he was struck with death, heard a considerable part of a trial, gave the charge to the jury, and took notice of an article in the testimony that had escaped the notice of the counsel on both sides. He then retired from the bench, and was soon afterward found dead in his bed." During the Revolutionary war Stamford sustained her part with honor. At the beginning of the war in 1775, the total valuation of Stamford was £34,078, only sur- passed by a dozen or so of the largest towns in the State, which shows that there had been a great increase during the last quarter century. It is known that some of her citizens marched to Lexington at the time of the alarm, because the town was paid £28 8s. 4c?. for their expenses by the Legislature. The proximity of Stamford to New York made the town unusually subject to incursions from the British, who used frequently to land in the harbor, shooting and carrying off cattle. Col. David Waterbury, one of the most active workers for the Continental Government in this part of the State, raised a regiment from this vicinity late in the summer of 1775, which he led into Canada with the expedition made by General 154 STAMFORD, 'PAST AND PRESENT. Montgomery and Benedict Arnold. For meritorious service during this campaign, Colonel David Waterbury was promoted to be a Brigadier General. The records of the State give evidence that even during the time of the Revolution some trade had already sprung up with the West Indies. In the early part of IV 7 8, a company of twenty-four men and a commander were stationed here as a guard to the region round about. The Continental naval force in the Sound, which was not very large, used to make the Stamford harbor a frequent rendezvous, because of its security and fine situation for making a sudden descent upon the enemy. Most of the prisoners which the Continental troops captured in this region were stationed first at Stamford and then despatched to Hartford. There also seems to have been quite a number of tories here, who were sent to Hartford along with the prisoners and either obliged to sign an oath of allegiance to the Continental Government or remain in the State dungeon. Stamford seems to have done trading about this time with the West Indies in New England Rum, which, however, never came to be an important part of their merchandise. According to the existing records Stamford and the surrounding region must have furnished a very large and unusual amount of supplies to the Continental army. Another company under Captain Abraham Bradley was ordered to be stationed here by Governor Trumbull, July 7, 1777. Two days later, July 9, 1777, the Legislature appointed Reuben Scofield, of Stamford, to be the captain of a battalion of men raised in the State " to guard the seacoast toward New York." In January of the following year, 177S, as the State papers show, yet another company was raised and stationed at Stamford under the command of John Bear. This would demonstrate that the Governor and Legislature fully appreciated the strategic importance of Stamford. Probably the fact that it was such a rendezvous for troops was the reason that it was never invaded by the British. Its sons, however, were not lacking in any important engagement, and fought with the cool and enduring courage for which the Connecticut troops were renowned, at Bunker Hill, Brooklyn, White Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Saratoga, Brandywine and York- town, as well as suffered with patience indomitable the horrors of Valley Forge and the " Black Prison " in. New York. After the Revolution Stamford did not progress as rapidly as might have been expected from the start which she had made. The shipping business went down almost as quickly as it had arisen, in fact was nipped in the bud by the embargo of 1812. Stamford's part in this war was not very conspicuous, owing doubtless to the lack of ships, with which New England achieved most of her fame at this time. By 1830, the influence of manufactures was beginning to be felt, and in 1836, there were in the town " ten or twelve stores, one iron foundry, one rolling mill, one wire factory, and two large boot and shoe manufactories; a bank, with a capital of $ 100,000, chartered in 1834, and a postoffice." Increase from this time on was steady. In 1840 the population of the town had reached 3,516, and in 1850 it was 5,000. The outbreak of the war in 1861 was not unexpected nor met with hesitation in Stamford. A full quota of men was sent out in the Third Connecticut Regiment, Co. D, which took part and fought bravely in the battle of Bull Run. STAMFORD, PAST AND PRESENT. 155 Stamford was also represented by brave men in Co. I of the Ninth Regiment, Co. G of the Tenth, Co. B of the Thirteenth, Co. B, Capt. Charles A. Hobbie, of the Seventeenth, and in the Twenty-eighth by Co. A, Capt. Francis R. Leeds, and Co. B, Capt. Cyrus D. Jones, both entirely from Stamford, and by men in Co. C of the same regiment. The records of the Ninth and Seventeenth Regiments have been given in the history of Bridgeport. The men of the Tenth first saw active service off the coast of North Carolina and later during an invasion of that State. They fought with exemplary courage in the series of battles in Charleston Harbor and won distin- guished honors at the battle of Fort Wagner. For two years they helped to preserve Florida to the Union and passed through the final series of battles around Richmond under Grant, completing their four years' service by witnessing the surrender of Lee at Appomattox Court House. The Thirteenth was called a " dandy regiment," but soon showed what metal it was made of. First at New Orleans, then at Port Hudson and the other battle-fields around Vicksburg, and finally under Sheridan in the Shenandoah valley, the chivalric spirit of the gallant men who composed it was exemplified by many noble deeds. The Twenty-eighth also showed a brave and patriotic devotion, particularly in the battles around Vicksburg, where many of its noblest and best men were slain. Stamford was also represented in the battles of Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Cedar Creek, and most of the other important battles of the war. Men, money and supplies were furnished with generous patriotism hardly surpassed even in our own State. More than $74,000 were subscribed by the citizens of the town to maintain the Union and its defenders, while the devoted women labored without ceasing that the gallant soldiers might not be in need of anything in the physical, mental, or religious spheres. Many homes were left desolate by the war. Amotig the number of the noble dead we find the names of the following: Captain Francis R. Leeds, formerly cashier of the Stamford Bank, who died in Florida, December, 1862, a victim to over exertion in his devotion to the country and the effects of the Southern climate; Lieutenant Charles Durand, who was shot while leading his command in the charge at Port Hudson; Corporal James Vail and Jason Wardell, who were also shot during the same charge. All these, and others whose names we do not now find, were among the most beloved and honored citizens of Stamford, and though their loss created deep mourning, yet now their memory brings no thought save that of sacred peace and the noble work which they helped to achieve. It is since the war that most of the progress of Stamford has been made. As the beauties and facilities of the place have come to be better known it has rapidly advanced both as a manufacturing center and as a summer resort. The manufacturing interest has grown so extensively that it has placed the town in the front rank among the busy cities of this busy State. A line which has made the town famous in all parts of the country is the manufacture of locks, one of the largest houses of the kind, probably, in the world, being located here. Large quan- tities of stoves, iron, brass, copper, and hollow ware, hot air and cooking ranges, castings, boots and shoes, wire and edge tools, carriages, billiard tables, wall paper (Lincrusta- Walton), fire-brick, drain pipes, marble and stone carvings, are also made here and exported. The town has assumed already that air of modern progress and 156 STAMFORD, PAST AND PRESENT. enterprise which mark the larger cities of the State. Many massive and elegant structures have arisen of late years to represent the business of the town. In their lines the buildings of the Yale & Towne Company, the Brunswick & Balke Company, and the Stamford Bank have few superiors in the St^te. A beautiful town-hall building, of brick and Ofeio stone, has been erected at a eost of $150,000. The Ferguson Library, one of the best in this part of the State and thoroughly appreciated by the people, also occupies an elegant building. There are twelve churches in the town, all well sustained, and some of their edifices are very beautiful. Three enterprising newspapers are published here, and admirably sustain the public interests. There are also two national and two sav.ngs banks, beside a large number of mercantile houses, some of large proportions and wide reputation. The situation of Stamford has played no small part in its recent development. Hardly more than an hour's ride from New York by rail, it was not possible that its advantages could long escape observant and admiring eyes. At the present time, twenty-eight trains a day stop at Stamford coming from New York, and as many going the other way, beside a special train which the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Company have recently added to meet a growing need of those coming up from New York late in the evening from the theatres. A steamboat line has also been established, and daily trips are made back and forth from the metropolis. Stamford has now come to be one of the most popular residences for business men in the vicinity of New York city. The pure, invigorating atmosphere, the magnificent scenery toward the Sound and back toward the country, its fine roads for riding, and the unusual social and church privileges for a country residence have justly rendered it one of the most delightful of all our places of country residence or summer resort. The town is said to have " more elegant private residences than any other of its size in the State." The beautiful situation and advantages of "Shippan Point" are too well known to need description. In addition to the good points we have already named, the facilities for sea- bathing, boating and fishing, the large number of first-class hotels with every ac- commodation, and the lack of dazzle and glare which confound many as the true aim of a season's recreation, have made Stamford one of the most popular of our summer resorts for those who can discern and appreciate the "real" advantages of a watering place. The ever-increasingly large number who spend a few weeks or months of the summer here, goes to show that this is a growing class among our people, and that Stamford is rightly coming to take a high rank among the best watering places on the New England coast. The population, which in 1880 was 11,298, is now estimated to be not lower than 15,000, and will probably increase yet more rapidly in the near future. The school system is a most excellent one. There are seventeen common schools in the town, four graded schools and two academies, which are all managed by the most approved modern methods and offer exceptional privileges. Several private schools are also maintained. The management of the water and gas supply is most scientific- and satisfactory, and great attention is paid to the efficiency of the fire and police depart- ments. To a very marked degree Stamford is coming rapidly to assume an import- ant position among the representative New England cities of today. EAD1NG BUSINESS II OF ST St. John, Hoyt & Co., Lumber Dealers, Canal Dock. — Since the business was inaugurated in 1868, this house has maintained its leadership among the representative mercantile concerns of Stamford, and the firm have long been identified with the growth of the town as a manufacturing and trade centre. The office and large yards of the firm are ad- mirably located on Canal Dock, where they pos- sess every facility for receipt, handling, storage and shipment of large quantities of merchandise, the advantages for transportation from the lumber regions and to all parts of the country, either by rail or water, being all that could be desired. They have five hundred feet of dock front, and tke piling ground covers five acres of land. Messrs. St. John, Hoyt & Co. handle large quantities of all kinds of rough and dressed sea soned lumber, and supply everything in their line with dispatch and at lowest possible wholesale and retail prices, and the promptitude in filling orders, liberal policy and honorable methods of these successful merchants, command universal commendation of their trade and correspondents. About one-half the business is at wholesale and extends over the State; a track in the yard con- necting with the railroad, giving them unequaled facilities for shipping lumber promptly. Messrs. John St. John, Harvey Hoyt and Wm, H. Judd are the individual members of this relia- ble firm. They are all natives of Stamford and are recognized as three of her most influential, public- spirited citizens. They are the president, vice president, secretary and treasurer, respectively, of the St. John Wood Working Co., the leading source of Sash, Door and Moulding supply in this section of New England. Mr. St. John is one of the burgesses of the borough of Stamford, and Mr. Judd is a director of the Stamford Savings Bank. The St. John Wood Working Co., Manufacturers of House Trimmings of every Description, embracing Pine, Hardwood and Cabinet Trim- mings, Mantels, Doors, Sashes and Blinds, Mouldings, etc., Carving, Turning, Lumber Yards, Factory, Kiln-Dryers and Office, Canal Dock. — This corporation is the outgrowth of the extensive Lumber business, inaugurated by Messrs. St. John, Hoyt & Co., in 1868, and its or- ganization was necessitated to sup- ply the great demand upon the re- sources of the firm named, for work- ed Lumber, Frames, Sash, Doors, and Wood work generally. With a view of reducing the cost of production, and at the same time at- taining the highest standard of excel- lence in their manufactures, they have recently added to the works a kiln dryer, with capacity for 40,000 feet of lumber, and introduced in all departments of the manufactory the most improved wood working machinery obtain- able. Nothing but kiln dried lumber is used. The company was incorporated in 1885, and possess ample facilities for their business, which is conducted on a scale of great pro- portions. The extensive lumber yards, factory, kiln dryers and office are conveniently located on Canal Dock, and the buildings cover an area of several acres. The factory is supplied with best wood-working machinery in use, driven by a steam engine of 150 horse power, and a Urge force of workmen are employed in the various departments of the business. Large quantities of house trimmings of every description, _ of new and elegant designs and standard excellence are annually turned out of the establishment, including Mantels, Doors, Sashes and Blinds, Mouldings and Hard-wood finish, and Cabinet Trimmings of all kinds, and Turning and Carving to order are executed with dispatch, and in the most satisfactory manner. Estimates for all kinds of merchandise and work are furnished on application, and the honorable methods and worth of the management inspires universal confidence. The officers are as follows: President, John St. John; vice president, Harvey Hoyt; secretary and treasurer, Wm. H. Judd; general manager, E. Johnson. The thre« first named constitute the firm of St. John, Hoyt & Co., the leading lumber house in this part of the State, and in municipal as in business affairs they are promi- nent and influential in all that goes to promote the general welfare. 158 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF STAMFORD. O. O. Miller, dealer in Dry and Fancy Goods, Carpets, SLades, etc. Atlantic Square. — It will probably seem a work of supererogation almost to Stamford readers to call to tbeir attention tbe house of C. O. Miller, but as no mention how- ever biief of the city's representative firms would be complete were not this universally known es- tablishment alluded to no apology is necessary for so doing, but rather because our space is so limited as to render little more than a mention possible. Mr. Miller founded his business in 1868, or nearly a score of years ago, and it is not too much to say that it gained at once the favor of the public and constantly and steadily increased in extent and importance until it now stands without a rival. A handsome building located in Atlantic square is occupied, 35x150 feet in dimensions. The store is elegantly fitted up and contains among other conveniences de- signed to facilitate trade and better accommodate the customers a thorough system of cash rail- way of the most approved type. Employment is given to from fifteen to twenty courteous, effi- cient, and attentive clerks and the humblest cus- tomer is assured polite and speedy service and fair, equitable treatment. Dry and Fancy Goods, Carpets, Shades, etc., in stock iu almost innumer- able variety and all prices will be found as low as the lowest. Notions and Trimmings a spe- cialty. There is no necessity of going to New York for any lines belonging to the Dry Goods trade, as Mr. C. O. Miller keeps on hand every- thing in the Dry and Fancy Goods trade, from a silk dress to a pocket handkerchief, and in addi- tion an immense stock of Carpets, Window Shades, etc., Mr. Miller is enabled to offer ad- vantages in the way of prices which cannot be given by New York dealers with expensive rents and other expenses. If ladies would calculate the expenses of a tiresome journey to another city in search of so called "bargains" they can by remaining at home and purchasing their goods at a reliable low-priced Stamford establishment (as for instance the store of Mr. C. O. Miller), obtain the same low prices. Mr. Miller is a native of Bedford, New York, and is no less highly regarded in a social way than he is in business affairs, beyond which praise cannot go. Stamford Foundry Co., 3Ianufacturers of Stoves, Ranges, Warm Air Furnaces, Castings, etc., Canal near Pacific. — Among the valuable enterprises of this city the Stamford Foundry Co. is noteworthy, and as a representative indus- try of its class, deserves special mention. This business was established by Messrs. J. D. Warren & Co. in 1850, and was incorporated as a stock company in 1869, with the following offi- cers: J. D. Warren, president and treasurer; J. J. Warren, secretary; and J. D. Warren, I. Ward- well, J. J. Warren, directors. They occupy for business purposes one large three-story building and two other large build- ings. These are fitted up with all the necessary machinery for the manufacture of their goods, a thirty horse-power steam engine furnishing the motive power. They manufacture chiefly, Stoves and Fur- naces, also Castings, etc. They have every modern appliance necessary for the production of the most perfect work in this line, and furnish employment to eighty skilled workmen. All members of the company are natives of Stamford and are highly esteemed throughout the community. Mr. J. D. Warren has been a member of the House of Representatives of Con- necticut, and has held several minor offices in his native town. With a good business location, capacity of a high order, a long practical experience, and all the necessary requisites of the trade, this house may be depended upon to faithfully execute all contracts entrusted to them, and to furnish honest and reliable goods in their line. H. A. Hubbard, Real Estate Agent, 8 Park Row. — Among the prominent Real Estate brok- ers of Stamford may be mentioned Mr. H. A. Hubbard, who has an office at No. 8 Park Row, five minutes walk from Stamford depot, horse cars passing to and from the depot every five minutes. Mr. Hubbard's business is Real Es- tate and Insurance, also Auctioneer. His business was established by him in 1875 and has assumed large proportions, mainly through strict attention given to all matters of business entrusted to his care, judicious manage- ment and strict integrity in all his dealings. Pursuant to this method of procedure, he has won and retains the confidence of a host of pat- rons, a large number of whom are non-residents, who have made investments in this city through correspondence with him. In the Insurance business he represents several well known companies, among which are the following: Williamsburg City, Commercial Union, Merchants of New York, Glens Falls, Dutchess County Mutual and New York Life In- surance. These companies are too well known throughout the country for us to enter into any detailed account of them. Mr. Hubbard is a native of New Rochelle, New York, but has been resident in Stamford thirty years, and was for twenty years the lead- ing Dry Goods dealer of Stamford, and enjoys the confidence of a large acquaintance throughout Fairfield County. Parties desiring to dispose of their property, or those desiring to purchase, will find it to their in- terest to communicate with him. He employs three polite and attentive assistants, and all are treated in a courteous manner. A. G. Weed, Dealer in Fine Groceries, Wines, Teas, etc., corner Atlantic Street and Park Row. — In compiling the various industries of Stam- ford, the retait grocery trade assumes a decided importance. Among those who supply fresh groceries is the house of A. G. Weed. His store is located at the corner of Atlantic street and Park Row, and is well stocked with Staple and Fancy Groceries, Country Produce, Wiues, Teas, etc. The business was established in 1861 by Weed Bros., being under the present management the past six years. The store is 20x60 feet in dimen- sions and is admirably arranged for the extensive business transacted. Three clerks are employed who wait upon customers in a polite and atten- tive manner, and all goods are delivered prompt- ly if desired. This is one of, if not the oldest es- LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF STAMFORD. 159 tablishment in its line in Stamford, and is cer- tainly one of its most attractive stores. Mr. A. G. Weed is a native of New York and holds a responsible position as one of the direct- ors of the Stamford National Bank. He is well and favorably known throughout the community, and numbers his friends by the score. Goods are sold in large or small quantities to suit pur- chasers, and the prices will be found as reasona- ble as any in town, for the same quality of goods. W. P. Hurlbutt & Son, Merchant Tailors, Manufacturers of Clothing, Gents' Furnishing Goods, 88 Main Street. — Established thirty years ago this is one of the most popular as well as largest merchant tailoring establishment in Stamford. It was originally founded by L. H. Hurlbutt about time of the War; then W. P. & L. H. Hurlbutt; then J. W. & W. P. Hurlbutt; then W. P. Hurlbutt & Weed, and present W. P. Hurlbutt & Son, firm from 1886. It is located at No. 88 Main street, one of the most flourish- ing streets in the city, and comprises a store 36x61 feet in dimensions, it being universally considered as the oldest and finest in town. The custom department is first-class in everj T respect, and is patronized by Stamford's leading citizens — a fine stock of goods, including Broad- cloths, Cheviots, Cassimeres, Diagonals and Suitings of the latest designs are kept in stock, and a full line of Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods at most reasonable prices and in latest styles. The department for the manufacture of Cloth- ing is complete in every detail, and all goods will be found exactly as represented. Fifteen skilled hands are employed in the several departments, each being thoroughly versed in his line. The Messrs. W. P. & Geo. J. Hurlbutt are both natives of Stamford, and highly esteemed throughout this section, not only socially, but in a business way also. D. H. Clark, Real Estate, Insurance, Auc- tioneer, 41 Atlantic Square. — Of all the wonder- ful outcomes of modern civilization, few are more striking and impressive to a reflective mind than the many great insurance corporations, which are practically incarnations of the grand laws of average. In a study of these organizations, nothing is discovered more admirable than the way in which they reach the public by means of agents all over the world, and among these agents in the Eastern States, few have been more success- ful than has Mr. I). H. Clark, during his twenty- seven years experience in that capacity. Mr. Clark's office is centrally located on Main street, aud some idea of the magnitude of his business may be gained by a mention of some of the companies which he represents, following: ^Etua, Phoenix, Hartford, National, Orient Fire Insur- ance Companies, of Hartford ; Meriden, of Meriden; Home, Continental and Citizens', of New York; Franklin, of Philadelphia. Pa.; Providence, of Providence, II. I., and Lanca- shire and Lion, of England; and we must not forget to mention the Lloyd's Plate Glass In- surance Company, which fills so important a position in these days of great show-windows. Mr. Clark's rates are low and it will be found to the advantage of our readers to give him a call when seeking insurance. A very extensive Real Estate Business is also carried on, as well as that of an Auctioneer and Appraiser. Mr. Clark was born in this city, and what he does not know about Stamford's Real Estate and business interests is hardly worthy of mention. Stamford Savings Bank, Cor. Main and Bank Streets. — By fostering a spirit of economy and thrift, in offering opportunities for safe and profitable investment of earnings, Savings Banks whose affairs are honestly and ably conducted have accomplished a work of great beneficence. In this regard Stamford is exceptionally fortun- ate. For many years it has boasted one of the best managed Savings institutions in 1he State. The Stamford Savings Bank was incorporated in 1851, and has accomplished a mission of emi- nent usefulness, and its career from the begin- ning has been one of uninterrupted and gratify- ing success. The assets at close of last fiscal year amounted to $2,038,952.70, with a large surplus sufficient to cover any possible fluctuation in values of real estate or securities in which its money is invested. The business is managed with consummate ability and prudence, and the worth and stand- ing of the officers and directors insure the future prosperity of the institution and justify the faith of its patrons. The officers of the Bank are as follows: Presi- dent, Geo. II. Hoyt; Vice-President, Chas. A. Hawley; Secretary and Treasurer, A. A. Holty; Assistant Secretary and Treasurer, Franklin Miller; Auditors, John B. Reed, Jr., and Walter D. Daskam; Directors, J. B. Reed, Theo. Leeds, W. W. Skiddy, Wm. H. Judd, Franklin Miller, Stephen E. Reed, Wm. L. Morsell, Alb. G. Weed, Amos M. Brush. The President, Mr. Geo. H. Hoyt, is Vice- President of the Stamford National Bank, and Treasurer of the Stamford Water Company. Mr. Hawley, the Vice-President, is one of the efficient Burgesses of the borough of Stamford. Mr. John B. Reed, Jr., one of the Auditors, is Cashier of the Stamford National Bank, and Mr. Skiddy is a Director of that institution. 160 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF STAMFORD. Stark & Wilson, Successors to J. L. Lockwood & Co., Dealers in Stoves, Ranges, Heaters, and a j full assortment of Housekeeping Goods, Sanitary Plumbing a Specialty. Gas and Steam Fitting. All kinds of Tin and Sheet Iron Work. All! Work Done in the Best Manner. No. 108 Main I Street. — For three years past as successors to J. i L. Lockwood & Co., who established the busi- j ness here over forty years ago, Messrs. Stark & Wilson have successfully conducted a large trade as dealers in Stoves, Ranges, etc., and as Plumb- j ers, Gas and Steam Fitters, and their establish- ment at 108 Main st. is now as it has long been, the leading enterprise of its kind in the place. The premises occupied by this successful firm com- prise three floors of a large and substantial build- ing 30x90 feet in dimensions, admirably arranged for display and selection of merchandise, and the stock in trade is full and sufficiently varied to meet all demands. It comprises a very desir- able assortment of the best makes of Stoves, Ranges and Heaters, all kinds of Housekeeping Goods, Lamps, Crockery and Glass Ware, and the facilities of the house for supplying the best merchandise at low prices are all that could be desired. About twenty skilled workmen are employed by Messrs. Stark & Wilson in executing all kinds of Plumbing, Steam and Gas Fitting, the firm making a specialty of sanitary work. Tin and Sheet Iron work of every description is executed at short notice, and workmanship and prices are invariably warranted satisfactory. Messrs James Wilson and Arthur R. Stark are the individual members of this successful, repre- sentative firm. They are energetic, liberal, pro- gressive business men, and are accounted among the foremost influential ami useful citi zens. In this building is the only room of its kind where the latest improved patterns of Plumbing works can be seen in operation. Wilbur E. Lewis, Druggist, 14 Atlantic Street, Stamford. — It is with pleasure that we call the attention of our readers in particular and the public in general to the elegant establishment of Mr. Wilbur E. Lewis, Druggist, which is one of the finest fitted drug stores in the State. Citi- zens of Stamford are cordially invited as visitors, even if they do not wish to purchase anything. This well known establishment was inaugurated in 1878 by Messrs. Lewis & Rogers, but for the pa«t seven years it has been conducted by Mr. Wilbur C. Lewis, who is sole proprietor, and under his efficient management it has gained the wide-spread popularity it enjoys to-day. The premises occupied for the business consist of a store 23x80 feet in dimensions, which is elegantly finished in hard wood and is the finest drug store in the city. The elegant soda fountain, show-cases and windows are attractive features. In the two latter are tastefully displayed the large and fine stock of fancy and toilet goods. Dr. Lewis carries a full and complete line of pure Drugs, Medicines and Druggists' sundries. The assistance of three very reliable clerks is re- quired and physicians' prescriptions and family receipts are guaranteed to be accurately and carefully prepared. Among the several manu- factured specialties of this house is Elixir Cal- isaya Tooth Powder, a very popular dentifrice. Dr. Lewis is agent for Huyler's celebrated Bon- bons and Chocolates of which he carries a large variety. He also deals extensively in fine im- ported and domestic Cigars. Mineral Waters, etc. Dr. Wilbur E. Lewis is a native of Farmington, Conn., an enterprising and educated gentleman who will endeavor to please all who favor him. with their patronage. Citizens Saving Bank, First National Bank Building. — This well known and ably conducted institution was incorporated and began business in 1869, and from its inception it has prospered under good management. The deposits during the past year averaged $1,000,001), and a large surplus beyond all liabil- ities attests the prudence and financial ability of the officers. The bank offers to all opportuni- ties for the safe and profitable investment of sav- ings, and the beneficent work accomplished has LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF STAMFORD. 161 established the institution in popular confidence. Tbe officers at present writing are as follows: President, Wells R. Ritch; Vice-President, C. W. Brown; Secretary and Treasurer, H. V. Riker; Attorney, N. R. Hart; Directors, T. H. H. Messinger, S. S. Cook, Wm. Hoyt and Chas. Gaylor, names which have long been intimately associated with the growth ancl prosperity of the town, and which inspire faith in tbe excellent condition of the affairs of the institution. Stamford Moulding and Planing Mill, White, Gillespie & Thayer, Lumber and Timber Yard and Mill, near Knapp's Dock, Stamford. — A standard evidence of a city's substantial progress is the steady development of its lumber interests. In gathering statistics of a city, we find in every branch of business certain houses which from their inception have had a signal success, winning the confidence and admiration of the public and securing an almost unlimited amount of patronage. As in the present volume it is the object to present in an attractive form the leading com- mercial and manufacturing pursuits of Fairfield County, and while it is eminently proper that due consideration should be given the pioneer and opulent institutions of the county, it is also com- patible with the nature of this work to give prom- inence to many houses of more recent date. One of the most valuable acquisitions to the com merce of the city of Stamford within the past five years is the business of Messrs. White, Gillespie & Thayer, Stamford Moulding and Planing Mill, Waterside near Knapp's Dock. This business was started in April, 1882 by Messrs. C. H. White, and Wm. W. Gillespie, un- der the firm name of C. H. White & Co. In November, 1883, Mr. Asa M. Thayer was ad- mitted as partner, and the name became then, as it has remained ever since, White, Gillespie & Thayer. Since the establishment of the business, new buildings have been erected, showing a steady increase of trade, and at present, yards, mills, etc., occupy an area of 2% acres. The main building is 30x70 and like most of the other aux- iliary buildings, two stories high. Everything pertaining to the Lumber trade is furnished by this well known enterprising firm, as House Trimmings in Pine and Hard Wood, Siding, Shingles, Lath, etc., etc. The mills are equipped with all the latest im- provements, as Wood's twelve inch moulders, considered the best in the world. From 40 to 50 hands find steady employment the whole year round, and the capacity of boiler and engine is 80 horse-power. Mr. Chas. H. White, the senior member of the firm, is a native of Brooklyn, X. Y., and is thor- oughly conversant with his business, having begun his career when but 21 years old and came here in 1876, was superintendent for St. John, Hoyt & Co. six years, starting this concern, as above stated, in 1882. Mr. Wm. W. Gillespie has re- sided in this city for many years. He was formerly proprietor and editor of the Stamford Advocate. In 1882 he entered into this firm as partner with Mr. White, from the day it was started. He was a member of the State Legisla- ture and has shown considerable interest in the principal business enterprises of Stamford. Mr. Asa M. Thayer, the junior member of the firm, is by trade a practical mill and lumberman. He became partner of the concern in 1883, and has ever since had charge of the mechanical de- partment. Since the establishment of this enterprise their success has been unprecedented. The induce- ments that are offered are the most liberal in every respect compared to other lines, and their connections reach all over the State of Connecti- cut, and goods are shipped directly from their wharf. As a firm they are recognized as a leading one among the many in the State of Connecticut, en- joying a high commercial and financial standing, and through a long experience with every detail of their business and a high reputation for in- tegrity and fair dealing, are justly entitled to the confidence and consideration of the public. The Little Paper Store 'Round the Corner. O. R. Toms, House and Sign Painter, Paper Hanger, etc., AVall Paper in great variety. Store and shop 6 Gay Street, Stamford. — Not by any means the least important branch of industry in this city and one deserving special recognition is that of Wall Papers and House and Sign Paint- ing. Probably one of the oldest established and most extensive house in this branch of com- merce in Stamford is that presided over by Mr. C. R. Toms. This business was established by the present proprietor in 1871. The premises occupied for the transaction of business are lo- cated at 6 Gay street, and consists of a store lox 60 feet in dimensions with a shop in the rear. A very fine display is made in all the choice and new designs in Wall Paper of both foreign im- portation and domestic manufacture. And in addition to the sale of Wall Paper, Mr. Toms does an extensive business in House and Sign Painting and Paper Hanging. The extent of this business requires the em- ployment of twenty very skillful workmen, whose ability and artistic tastes are displayed in the many productions of this house. Mr. Toms is a native and highly esteemed citi- zen of Stamford. To our readers and especially the residents of this city we can therefore com- mend this house as one which is in the enjoy- ment of every facility to attract the current of legitimate trade. Buying direct from manufac- turers, he is in a position to offer the most sub- stantial advantages to bis patrons as to prices, quality of gcods and completeness of work. 162 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF STAMFORD. The Stamford Safe Deposit Co. — The princi- ple of security rests at tbe very foundation of all successful business enterprise. Recent years have proven that nothing is rnore important, as the multiplicity of means toward securing this end will testify. With the extension and develop- ment of business activity, the approximation to- ward absolute security has been going on, until in our day the culmination seems to have been nearly arrived at. The establishment of such an institution as the Stamford Safe Deposit Co., which was organized in April, 1887, marks an important era in the mercantile affairs of a city. All the results and benefits of modern science in this direction are brought into close connection with the business of the city, and it would be hard to estimate the various and important advantages accruing there from. No manufacturer or merchant can afford to neglect the privileges which are assured to one who possesses a secure depository in such conven- ient proximity to his office. That the value of this institution is highly appreciated by the busi- ness men of Stamford is demonstrated by the fact that two hundred and fifty-four safe deposit boxes have been erected. The vaults of the company are situated in the new building of the Stamford Savings Bank, and the boxes are rented at a yearly rate of from five to forty dollars. The lock doors were made by the Yale Lock Co., and are a marvellous piece of art, working on the clock system. Probably no mechanism ever invented was better adapted to obtain perfect security. Every detail of the management is admirably fitted to the purpose in view. The names of the following officers are in themselves the best guarantee of fidelity: Presi- dent, W. W. Skiddy; treasurer, John B. Reed, Jr.; secretary, Satterlee Swartwout; directors, Wm. W. Skiddy, Chas. A. Hawley, Geo. H. Hoyt, John B. Reed, Jr., Walton Ferguson, Samuel Fessenden, W. H. Judd, S. Swartwout. Such a representative institution as the Stam- ford Safe Deposit Co. deserves the hearty and unanimous support of the progressive business men in this part of the State. Charles Fox, Manufacturer of Small Station- ary and Yacht Engines. — By reason of the races for the "Queen's Cup" and the wonderful per- formances of the Puritan and the Mayflower, yachting has come into great prominence of late years, so much so, in fact, as almost to divide the honors with base ball. But the careful observer will notice that in spite of the poetry of "a wet sheet and a flowing sea," etc , steam yachts are coming more and more into use as their many good points are more generally appreciated. We do not refer to the palatial craft costing hun- dreds of thousands of dollar*, but to the swift little launches from 20 to 40 feet in length, which do not require the income of a whole railway system for their support. Of course the princi- pal and most important thing about a steam launch is its engine, and this to be satisfactory must be light yet strong, smooth running and small, yet powerful, and simple in construction yet economical of steam, and we believe that in these respects and many others the Engines made by Mr. Charles Fox, of this city are all that could be wished. Mr. Fox began business nine years ago. His shop is 24x40 feet and four hands are employed in the manufacture of small Stationary and Yacht Engines to order. Mr. Fox will build an Engine to suit the pecu- liar service required of it, and his work will always be found strictly first class and his prices very reasonable. He is a native of this city and a most skillful mechanic, and he also does general machine work to order. S. C. Ingersoll, Proprietor of the Ingersoll Feed Mill, Ingersoll Building, Canal Street, Stamford. — In referring to various enterprises that are represented in this busy little city the "Ingersoll Feed Mill" is worthy of extended notice. This mill is located in the Ingersoll Building on Canal street, and is fully equipped with all the latest and most approved machinery, propelled by an eighteen horse-power steam engine. Being the only mill in Stamford they do an extensive business. It also manufactures Grain and Feed of all kinds and deals in Hay and Straw by the sheaf, bale or ton, also the very best and purest grades of Tea and Coffee. Mr. S. C. Ingersoll established this business in 1875 as the Ingersoll Mill, and has conducted it in a highly successful manner. Several are employed in these mills and the busi- ness is very extensive of both a wholesale and re- tail character. He has a large city trade as well as outside from those parties who deal in a su- perior grade of Flour, etc. Mr. Ingersoll is a native of Connecticut and is highly esteemed by a large circle of friends. Mr. Ingersoll is exclusive agent for Peat Moss Bedding — it is the cheapest. He is sole agent for Stamford and vicinity of Quinnipiac Fertilizer. John W. Alphonse, Dealer in Stationery, Toys, Base Ball Goods, Baby Carriages, Books, Maga- zines, Daily and YVeekly Newspapers, Etc., Holiday Goods, Christmas and Easter Cards. — This popular dealer commenced business eighteen or twenty years ago, and he is known to be the oldest news dealer in town. The store occupied is centrally located and covers an area of 20x70 feet in size, and contains a fine assortment of all kinds of goods in this line of trade, including Toys, Stationery, Harmonicas, Knives, Base Ball Goods of all descriptions, Fishing Tackle, Combs and Brushes, Toilet Soap, Lunch Baskets, Baby Carriages, Pocket Books, and Yankee Notions of every description, Books, Magazines, Daily and Weekly Newspapers, etc., also Holiday Goods, Christmas and Easter Cards in their season. The annual business transacted is quite large. Trade is principally located in the city and vicinity. Mr. Alphonse keeps a fine stock of the latest works on History, Travel, Biography and Fiction, supplemented with choice Magazine Literature. His list of Books is varied and complete and is continually being added to. His store receives a large patronage, which the enterprising proprie- tor justly merits. Mr. Alphonse is well qualified to push his business to still greater usefulness and import- ance. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF STAMFORD. 163 The Yale & Towne Manufacturing Co. (known prior to 1883 as the Yale Lock Manu- facturing Co.), have conducted with eminent success, one of the principal lock and hardware manufactories in the country, including among their many products the well known Yale lock, with corrugated key, which is conceded to be the most secure lock made. The works at Stamford constitute one of the most extensive and complete of the industries of New England of whatever description. The immense factory buildings of the com- pany cover an area of nearly three acres, and are equipped in the most thorough manner with valuable, improved machinery. The buildings are of brick, and some of them are four and five stories in height, as shown in cut, with granite trimmings, and the works throughout are a pattern of completeness, con- venience and good management. About 700 workmen are employed in the numerous departments of the work, and the quantity of merchandise turned out daily reaches a large aggregate. The output comprises all desirable styles and numerous novel, beautiful and useful designs in locks of every description, a large variety of Builders' and Manufacturers' Hardware, Cranes, Weston's Differential Pulley Blocks and other hoisting machinery. The demand for the man- ufactures of the Yale & Towne Co., is co-exten- sive with the limits of the continent, and is rapidly extending to foreign countries. The officers of the company are: President, H. R. Towne; Secretary, Schuyler Merritt; Treasurer, Geo. E. White. John McNally, Livery Stable, Office and Stable, Gay Street. — Among the many business industries conducted in Stamford that are worthy of notice in a work of this character, and one which we take great pleasure in mentioning, is the establishment of Mr. John McNally, whose fine large Livery Stables are located on Gay street. These popular Stables were established in 1878 by their present proprietor, and comprise two large buildings located on opposite sides of the street, which are fitted up in the most ap- proved style, having every facility for the care and accommodation of sixty- four horses. The stalls are large and well ven- tilated, and both build- ings are light and airy. Mr. McNally owns some of the finest turn- outs to be obtained in the city, and Horses and Carriages are to let at all hours. Hacks supplied for Weddings, Parties or Funerals at short notice. A fine large Omnibus can be obtained for pleasure parties and excursions. Horses are boarded by the day or week. Ten assistants are con- stantly employed, and all horses while entrusted to the care of this estab- lishment receive the best of grooming and atten- tion. Mr. McNally is a native of Stamford, and by his energy and natural business ability he has succeeded in making his establishment the largest and most popular of its kind in the city. E. S. Holly, Dry Goods, Carpets, etc., 2 Park Row. — To fully appreciate all the advances which our modern civilization has made, it is necessary for one to examine the collections of prominent houses dealing in those lines of goods, which have come to be considered necessities of our time. Life itself has come to wear a brighter aspect since art and science have united in mak- ing the " enjoyment of the beautiful " a universal privilege. It is due as much, if not more, to others than to ourselves that the various appurtenances of apparel should be in taste, and calculated to inspire naught but pleasing emotions, while the adorning of the home and making it a cosy nest or an enduring joy, whose every influence is beneficent for loved ones, comes within the range of the noblest motives of the human heart. All the aesthetic sensibilities are calculated to be awakened and gratified as one enters the store and inspects the stock of E. S. Holly, at 2 Park Row. A large assortment of Dry Goods, Carpets and similar commodities offers to a discriminating purchaser an exceptional oppor- tunity for obtaining that real boon — satisfaction. The extensive variety makes it possible to select the desired articles at a moderate outlay. Although the present business was established in May of this year (1887), so far from having a reputation to make it is already made. Mr. E. S. Holly succeeds to established custom and good-will of the veteran house, Hubbard & Holly, widely and favorably known for a gen- eration past. A handsomely fitted up salesroom, thirty feet by one hundred, makes a fitting depository for the valuable stock of the house. All who desire to examine their goods may be assured of receiving the most courteous attention, and low prices. 164 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF STAMFORD. THE INGERSOLL MFG. CO., MACHINISTS AND JOBBERS, MANUFACTURERS OF THE INGERSOLL EXCELSIOR ROCK DRILL, AND OTHER SPECIALTIES, CANAL STREET, STAMFORD. Union House. — That America has by far the best and most comfortable hotels in the world has been so universally admitted by travelers of all nationalties that argument in its confirmation is superfluous. We believe tbat there are few in- telligent travelers who have passed a day or two at the Union House of Stamford, under its pres- ent management who will not pronounce it fully equal to other houses of its size in the country. Messrs. F. L. Carter and Jas. Connor are the proprietors ; they are both gentlemen of experi- ence, fully understanding the wants of the public. This house is an old and popular one, having been opened many years ago as a hotel. The house is a three-story and basement struc- ture and is supplied with all modern conveniences and is conducted under a system which leaves no room for improvement; a large force of assistants being employed. It has ample and very comfort- able accommodations for sixty guests, who will find every comfort and attention within its doors. The tables are supplied with the very best the market affords. The proprietors are genial and accommodating gentlemen, with whom it is a pleasure to meet and deal, and who have made the Union House first-class in every respect. The house is run on the American plan and we take pleasure in recommending all visitors to this city, either on pleasure or business, to stop at the Union, where we a e sure them they will re- ceive all the attention and comfort that can be had at a first-class hotel. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF STAMFORD 165 Geo. D. Hoyt, Carpenter and Builder, Eleva- tions, Plans, and Specifications Made on Short Notice. Estimates Furnished and Contracts Made. Shop, Pacific corner Canal Street, Resi- dence No. 5 Bedford Street.— This enterprising gentleman succeeded to this business in 1872, it having been founded one year previous by Messrs. Waterbury & Hoyt. He is prepared to make elevations, plans and specifications on short no- tice; estimates are also furnished and contracts made for all jobs, either in or out of Stamford. He is a practical, experienced and well informed gentleman, who is fair in his dealings and honor- able in business conduct, as well as prompt aud faithful in keeping his contracts to the letter. We can cheerfully commend him to the readers of this volume as being competent and efficient, as well as reasonable in his charges. He employs a large number of skilled work- men, and all work will be done in a satisfactory manner. Mr. Hoyt is a native of Stamford, where he is recognized as a first class workman in every par- ticular. He answers all correspondence prompt- ly and business entrusted to him will receive prompt atiention and be performed in a work- manlike manner. His office is at the corner of Pacific and Canal streets, where application should be made in per- son or by letter. Here he occupies two floors 60x36 feet in dimensions, well arranged for the business. All kinds of jobbing will be executed in a sat isfactory manner. Mr. Hoyt may also be com- municated with by telephone. Lyman Hoyt & Son, Dealers in all kinds of Furniture, Engravings and Etchings, Bric-a- Brac. etc., Atlantic Square. — A business estab- lished for half a century would seem to be so well known to the public as to render any men- tion of it in public print, an act of supereroga- tion, but as this work aims to give a comprehen- sive account of the business interests of Stam- ford, it would be strangely incomplete if mention was not made of so representative and successful a house as that of Lyman Hoyt & Son. Bu-iness was inaugurated by Mr. Lyman Hoyt in 1837, so that it will be seen that a full half century of existence has just been completed, dur- ing which time this establishment has taken a place as one of the institutions of Stamford. The firm name and title from 1837 to 1871 was Lyman Hoyt, and from 1871 to 1880 was Lyman Hoyt & Sons, when Joseph A. Hoyt, one of the sons and partner, died. Since then it has been Lyman Hoyt & Son. All kinds of Furniture are dealt in, including art productions of great beauty, as well as a full assortment of the common grades. Engravings, Etchings and Brie a Brae are also extensively handled, and a most beautiful collection is at hand to select from. A fine brick building four stories in height and measuring 30x100 feet is occupied, and is found none too spacious to accommodate the firm's in- creasing trade. Mr. Lyman Hoyt is a native of Stamford, and Mr. Chas. L. Hoyt was born in Monroe, New York State. George R. Faucett, Manufacturer and Dealer in Harness, Whips, Robes, Trunks, Valises, Bags. — We beg to call attention to the enterprise of Mr. Geo. R. Faucett, manufacturer and dealer in Harness, Whips, Robes, etc., whose store and shop is located at No. 114 Main street, in the Union House Block. This gentleman established his business four years ago, and has conducted it with uninter- rupted success from the start. The premises occupied cover an area of 24x60 feet, and consist of a well arranged store with a shop in the rear. A number of skilled workmen are employed and a very large and lucrative trade is transacted, extending throughout Stamford and vicinity. Mr. Faucett manufactures Harness and Horse Furnishing Goods of every description, and is prepared to fill orders at the shortest pos- sible notice. He also carries one of the finest stocks of Harness, Whips, Robes, Blankets, Soap, Oil, Curry Combs, Brushes, Trunks, Val- ises, Bags, etc., in town, and at most reasonable prices. He also makes a specialty of repairing Trunks in a neat and highly satisfactory manner. Mr. Faucett is well known throughout Stam- ford, and is a gentleman of energy and ability, well experienced in his business and one with whom it is a pleasure to deal. He is also jobber in Harness and Saddlery Goods. Full supply of Whipsocketsand Carriage Aprons, etc., is carried. Gillespie Brothers, Printers and Book-Binders. Proprietors of the Stamford Advocate, Estab- lished 1829. Advocate Place. — This is one of the most thoroughly equipped printing houses in this section, and the large patronage it receives is readily accounted for by the excellent charac- ter of its work. The business was started in 1829, by Wm. H. Holly, succeeded in 1883 by the present manage- ment, Gillespie Brothers. The machinery is of the most improved kinds known, and is run by steam power. It requires ten skilled hands to keep pace with the demands made upon the establishment. They do all kinds of Bank, Job and Commercial Printing, and have a very large variety of plain, fancy and ornamental type, embracing all the latest and most approved s'yles; and every kind and variety of work can be done here. They are also manufacturing stationers and wholesale and retail dealers in stationery, etc. Their Printing establishment is located in Advocate place, where they occupy two floors 90x40 feet in dimensions. They have also in connection with this a Book-Binding Department, where work is done promptly and in a satisfac- tory manner. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. R. H. and E. T. W. Gillespie, both of whom have been connected with the concern for many years. They are thoroughly experienced gentle- men in all the details of their business They are also the proprietors of the Stanford Adv cate, Stamford's oldest newspaper, having been estab- lished in 1829. In prices this firm a e able to duplicate any that can be given elsewhere. We can safely assure our readers that in corres- ponding and doing business with this firm they will meet with a prompt response and find deal- ing with them both pleasant and profitable. 166 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF STAMFORD. Temple of Music, J. H. Christie, Manager. — Connecticut possesses many establishments en- gaged in this line of trade, but none are more deserving of recognition and prominent consider- ation in the present volume than that of Mr. J. H. Christie, whose extensive establishment, bet- ter known as the "Temple of Music, "is centrally located at No. 1 Bedford street. This house was founded four years ago by the present manager, and has, owing to his honorable business policy, pursued an uninterrupted career of prosperity, and now ranks among the leading houses in the State, engaged in this line of com- merce. The premises occupied by him are com- modious and elegant, consisting of three floors 60x30 feet in dimensions. He carries a full line of Pianos, Organs, Musical Instruments of every description, and Musical merchandise. This is the depot for Eastern trade of the celebrated and renowned Baus & Co.'s Pianos, and Mr. Christie ships these instruments to all parts of New En gland. He is also agent for Wilcox & White Organs. The demand for the above named in- struments has been such as to give him an exten- sive trade. No personal comments as regards Mr. Christie are necessary, as he is one of Stamford's esteemed citizens. Smart, Patterson & Rice, Successors to T. B. Smart, Manufacturers of Straw Goods, 613 Broadway, New York. Factory at Stamford, Ct. — Prominent among the manufacturing indus- tries of which Stamford abounds we would call the attention of our readers to the mammoth es- tablishment of Smart, Patterson & Rice whose warerooms are located at No. 613 Broadway, New York, and whose factory is at the corner of Pacific and Walnut streets, Stamford. This business was established in 1881 by Mr. H. K. White, and after several changes came under the control of the present management in 1886. The premises occupied for manufacturing purposes consist of a three-story building 240x60 feet in dimensions, fitted up with the most modern machinery used in the manufac- ture of their goods, propelled by a 25 horse- power steam engine. They employ 250 skilled hands, and an immense business is done. They manufacture all kinds of ladies', misses' and children's Straw Hats and Bonnets, and their prices are as reasonable as any in the market. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. T. B. Smart, J. H. Patterson and W. B. Rice. Mr. Smart is a native of Rhode Is- land, Mr. Patterson of Canada and Mr. Rice of Westboro, Mass. All these gentlemen are highly experienced, having all from boyhood worked in the same business, and well merit the success they have achieved throughout the country, shipping goods direct all over the country from the Atlan- tic to the Pacific Oceans. We take pleasure in commending a house of this standing to our many readers at home and abroad. Stamford Hosiery and Suspender Co. — One of the many large and celebrated manufac- tures of Connecticut is the Stamford Hosiery and Suspender Co., located at Stauiford. This is a very old concern ; it started in 1860 as the Charlestown "Web and Suspender Co., Boston, Mass., after ten years business they were suc- ceeded by the Waverly Suspender Co., who were in turn succeeded by the Mt. Vernon Suspender Co., the latter organized in 1877, with Mr. Mar- tin Lippmann, of New York, as President, and owner. In 1883 they purchased the great pottery building, on the waterside of Stamford, and entirely remodeled it, making it the best adapted building in the State for the manufacture of sus- penders; the best of light and very high ceilings are necessary for the looms. From 1884 to 1886 they closed down on account of illness of Mr. Lippmann, which necessitated his complete rest and change. For nearly two years Mr. Lippmann travelled over Europe, and from observation found that our manufactures were far ahead of those abroad. On his return in 1886 the firm was again changed to its present title. New and improved machinery was added, they having decided to make a specialty of low-priced suspenders. How successful they have been will be shown, when they sell thousands of dozens of their Suspenders to other manufacturing concerns in New York and elsewhere. In their Suspender department they employ about one hundred hands, each suspender passing through about twenty-five hands. Their manufacture of gentlemen's Seamless Hosiery is the largest part of their business, and one of the most interesting. They make their Hosiery on the widely cele- brated Lamb Knitting Machines, which are en- tirely operated by boys and girls, whose ages average fourteen to twenty, the work requiring nimble fingers. A smart knitter can make five to six dozen per day. From the knitting machine the Stockings are sent to the finishing room, where they are care- fully examined for imperfections, pressed, LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF STAMFORD. 161 stamped and labelled and boxed. Anyone who has ever worn the Stamford Sock will not wear any other. They are perfect fitting; no seams, and fa9t colors. They manufacture and ship to their selling agents in New York on an average of 500 dozen per day; furnishing employment to over 100 in Stamford, and over 400 at their Westchester fac- tory. A visit will repay anyone the time. Stamford National Bank, Main Street near Atlantic, Stamford. — With but one exception this is the oldest financial institution in Stamford, and for half a century the bank has exerted a most potent influence for the general good of the business men of this section. The bank was or- ganized under State laws in 1834, and was reor- ganized as a National Bank in 1865. It has a capital stock of $202,020, and a large surplus, and the volume of its business, home and foreign has attained large proportions. The manage- ment of the affairs of the bank has always been confided to the hands of financiers, ably qualified for the discharge of their trust, and the status of the institution warrants the fullest confidence. The liberal policy and prudence of the officers have made this bank one of the most solid and popular concerns in the State, audits future gives promise of still greater prosperity and increased usefulness. The officers of the bank are as follows: Presi- dent, Chas A. Hawley; Vice President, Geo. H. Hoyt; Cashier, John B. Reed, Jr. ; Walter D. Das- kam, and Messrs. Wm. T. Minor, Hon. John Clason, Walton Ferguson, Chas. M. Holly, Wm. M. Skiddy, Samuel Fessenden and Chas. W. Minor, with the officers above named constitute the Board of Divectors. This list includes the names of some of Stam- ford's principal manufacturers and representative merchants and financiers. The President is di- rector of the Stamford Savings Bank and one of the burgesses of the borough, and Mr. Skiddy is also a director of the savings bank named. Waterbury & Macdonald, Clothiers and Gents' Furnishers, 41 Atlantic Street. — In buying cloth- ing, or in fact many of the other necessities of life, much has to be taken on trust even by the most skilled and cautious purchaser, for it is manifestly practically impossible to rip a coat to pieces in order to examine into the details of its construction and finish, and in no other way can a really adequate idea of the worth of the gar- ment be obtained. So it is that it is the truest economy to deal only with established and well known houses, and one of the highest regarded in "the clothing line in this city is that of Waterbury & Macdonald, whose place of business is at No. 41 Atlantic street. This enterprise was started in 1876 by J. W. Hurlburt & Co. A firm of which the senior partner of the present house was a member. Waterbury & Macdonald came into possession •six years ago, and have met with great success in extending and enlarging the trade of the estab- lishment. The store occupied measures 24x90 feet and is s'ocked with a very large and well selected assort- ment of Clothing, Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods, •etc. The goods offered are all that could be de sired as regards fit, cut, style, etc., and the prices are very reasonable and satisfactory. Messrs. W. F. Waterbury and Wm. H. Macdonald, who constitute the firm, are natives of Stamford, and are very widely known here as enterprising business men aud representative citizens. Phoenix Company, Carriage Manufacturers. All kinds of Carriages Made to Order. A Large Assortment always on Hand, John B. Reed, Agent. — The house whose name heads this arti- cle has become too well and favorably known during the years of its existence, to need any in- troduction, but a work such as this, aiming to give a fair representation of all the industries of the city, would not fully accomplish its mission without giving to this establishment more than a passing notice. The products of this factory rank among the best goods on the market, and are in great de- mand. They are made from superior selected and well seasoned timber by the best skilled workmen, which makes them durable and popular with those who use them. All kinds of Carriages, Buggies, Wagons, etc., are the products of the factory, and are made to order when desired. Their repository is always filled with a handsome array of fine vehicles. The factory consists of a three-story building 30x100 feet in dimensions, where are employed twelve or more experienced hands in the several departments. The "Phoenix Company" was established in 1850, and is therefore one of the oldest carriage manufactories in this section. Mr. JohnB. Reed, who has charge of the business, is an enterpris- ing and energetic gentleman, thoroughly ac- quainted with all the details of the business, aud one of Stamford's most esteemed citizens. • Allen, Smith & Co., Dealers in Fancy Dress Goods, Trimmings and Notions, Oilcloths, etc., No. 26 Atlantic Square. — Though but recently established this house bids fair, ere long, to rival its contemporaries. It was originated in July, 1886, by the present firm, and has built up an extensive trade rapidly. Being well experienced in the wants of the pub- lic and making their prices as low as anv like house in town, they have at once established con- fidence throughout the community. Tbe store occupied is 22x70 feet in dimensions, and contains a full and complete stock of fancy Dress Goods, Trimmings and Notions, also Oil- cloths, etc. They occupy one of the most eligi- ble and central locations, being at No. 26 Atlan- tic Square, and their stock contains no shop- worn goods as only new goods will be found upon their counters. Several experienced clerks are employed, and customers are shown every attention possible. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. Frank R. Allen and Alf. E. Smith, both young men, are natives of Stamford, and well and fav- orably known throughout the community. We feel assured that they have every prospect of a brilliant future before them, as they give every attention to even the smallest details of the busi- ness, and being energetic, far-seeing and capable, are bound to meet with success. 168 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF STAMFORD. Stamford China Store. Ayres Brothers. Cash Jobbers in Foreign and Domestic China and Glass, Cutlery, Stoneware, etc., Atlantic Square, opposite the Post Office. — One of the representative business houses of Stamford, and one 'which by the extent of its operations and the signal ability with which it is conducted would do credit to a city of much greater popu- lation and pretension. is that known as the Stam- ford China Store, located in Atlantic square, op- posite the Post Office, and conducted by Messrs. E. M., H. M., and B. M. Ayres, under the firm- name of Ayers Brothers. Although established but eight years, the transactions of this firm have reached, as before stated, imposing propor- tions, and this desirable state of affairs is not by any means due to luck or chance, but is the legitimate and inevitable outcome of the fore- sight and discriminating energy which have marked the firm's career. Both a wholesale and retail business is done and 2*^ floors, each 18x20 feet, are fully occupied by the enormous and varied stock on hand. Foreign and Domestic China and Glassware of all descriptions is on hand as is also a full line of Cutlery, Stoneware, Agate, Majolica and Rockingham Ware. Bird Cages, Feather Dusters, Solid and Plated Silver- ware, Tinware, Fruit jars. etc. A specialty is made of Lamps and Lamp Fixtures. These goods are all offered at factory prices and are full}' warranted. Employment is given to six salesmen and customers are assured prompt and courteous attention. J. K. Lawrence & Co., Pharmacists. — A most elegantly fitted up pharmaceutical establishment which is a great favorite with residents of Stam- ford, is that so ably conducted by Messrs. J. K. Lawrence & Co. Finished in hard-wood through- out, the store presents a most beautiful and at- tractive appearance, the stock being displayed to excellent advantage, and neatness and order reigning supreme. The firm is made up of Messrs. J. K. and C. W. Lawrence, and began business three years ago. The store occupied is of the dimensions of 18x90 feet, and contains a very large and com- plete stock of Drugs, Medicines, Chemicals, Fancy Goods, Choice Cigars, Confectionery, etc., especially excelling in the latter department, as the Messrs. Lawrence are agents for Wallace & Company's justly celebrated Chocolates and Bon-bons. A large assortment of fresh, pure and desirable Drugs and Chemicals is constantly carried, and physicians' prescriptions will be filled at all hours with the utmost care, skill and promptitude. Every precaution is taken to en- sure against errors of any kind, and orders of this nature are filled at very reasonable rates. Many elegant novelties in Fancy Goods are shown, and those who wish to replenish their supply of toilet articles will find everything needful at this popular establishment. This firm is known near and far for its Soda Water and Ice Cream Soda, which is a specialty. The magnificent fountain apparatus, etc., cost $2,500. They manufacture their own Soda, and use only purest fruit syrups. During the summer sea- son two clerks are kept busy attending to the fountain alone. Franklin House, Cottage Place, near R. R_ Depot, Fred. Berg, Proprietor. — Experience will do wonders to smooth and make easy any under- taking or pursuit, and certainly, traveling is no exception to the rule, some even going so far as to say that by the time a man learns how to travel properly, he is too old to leave home at all, but however this may be, there can be no doubt that one of the fundamental rules of com- fortable traveling is to know how and where to find the best hotels. It is by no means always the most pretentious or high-priced houses that are the most desirable or home-like, and a conspicuous example of this truth may be found in the case of the Franklin House, of which Mr. Fred Berg is the proprietor, located on Cottage Place, convenient to the rail- road depot. Although the terms of this es- tablishment are but $1 per day, the accommoda- tions for both transient and weekly boarders are eminently comfortable and complete. Mr. Berg opened this hotel, which is four stories in height and 40x80 feet in dimensions, four j'ears ago, and early established a reputation for unremitting efforts to please and satisfy his- guests. He does a large business and fully de- serves his success, as it is but the legitimate re- sult of his liberal management and fair treatment. L. B. Gaylor & Co., Dealer in Foreign and Domestic Dry Goods, Notions, Fancy Goods, Etc., Washington Place. — Among the foremost dry goods houses in Stamford is that of L. B. Gaylor & Co., located on Washington place. Mr. Gaylor established this business four years ago, and has met with marked success, being a gentleman of unusual business ability, besides paying strict attention to the wants .of the public, he bids fair to rival his contemporaries in the future. His store is finely situated, is light and airy, and occupies two floors 20x80 feet each in dimen>ions. Filled with the most tempting dis- plays, it is the delight of the fair sex to wander around among the piles of foreign and domestic goods, counters of notions, fancy goods, etc. Six attentive assistants are employed, who are ever ready to wait upon customers in an intelli- gent and courteous manner. Mr. Gaylor is a gentleman of exceptionally fine taste, and as he personally selects his stock, only the latest fash- ions and the choicest goods are to be found in his establishment. Mr. Gaylor is a native of Stamford, and has hosts of friends and acquaintances throughout this section. Business has been very satisfactory so far, and the future is very promising. We advise all who have not already done so to give Mr. Gaylor a call, and we feel assured they will be satisfied with both his selections as well as prices. S. Adams, Clothier, 89 Main Street — Travel- ers in this country from foreign lands, however much else they may see to admire, always find time to notice and to express their surprise at the well-dressed condition of the people here as a whole. There is no such attention paid to the wants of the people by clothiers abroad, as there- is here, where the competition amoug those en- gaged in the business is so keen that $2.00 is. more often made on suit of clothes than $5.00 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF STAMFORD. 169 and where most of the dealers helieve it is better to sell a large quantity at a small profit than a small amount at a large profit. The Clothing business is so arranged now that dwellers in the metropolis have no advantage whatever over those living in the surrounding smaller cities in the matter of purchasing clothing. It is a well known saying, and one of no small amount of credence that " the clothes make the man." But they must be good clothes, however, which is quite another thing, and the trouble is now-a-days to find an establishment where gar- ments suitable for the outer covering of a gentle- man are made of good, honest material, which are of fashionable style, perfect fit, and last, but by no means least, at a reasonable outlay. Among ladies the belief exists that in the largest stores with large show-windows, and situated on a main thoroughfare, the " best" goods are to be had. They do not but believe that goods are made for them only, although a smaller establishment buys their articles from (he same sources, and by employing less help and the rent of course is considerably less, these smaller stores not exac'ly located on the fashionable main street, can sell the goods at least one-third less. This belief is nevertheless commenc- ing to vanish, and the fair sex is now as full of business thoughts as the stronger sex. Seven years ago, in 1880, Mr. S. Adams came to this city and located at 89 Main street. The competition was then already very great, and everyone shook their heads, saying: "He won't last long." Still he exists, and very few business men of this city have retained Iheir customers and obtained daily new T ones, as has Mr. Adams, and by perseverance he has succeeded in building up a business which is founded on such a substantial basis, that by inquiring for sub- stantial clothing it has become a by-word to say: "Go to Adams'." Only sound goods are kept on hand, and not, as in many finely fitted up Cloth- ing emporiums, shoddy garments. The store is not fitted up "gold edged," but it contains as full and as complete an assortment of Clothing, Underwear, Furnishing Goods, etc., as can be found in any store even in the metro- polis. The policy upon which Mr. Adams conducts his business is characterized by liberality and the careful fostering of the interests of his patrons, so that transactions once entered into with him may be not only pleasant for the time being, but of a permanent nature. Owing to his increasing trade, he has of late been compelled to double his help in the store. Buyer or no buyer, everyone is re- quested to inspect his assortment before making a bargain anywhere, and the general opinion has always been that S. Adams, the Clothier, carries an Al complete assortment and is invariably the cheapest in Stamford, which means a great deal. Mr. Adams was born in Prussia in 1844, came to this country in 1863, and before his starting busi- ness in this city he resided mostly in New York city. He is to day through perseverance, honest deal- ings and strict personal attendance to his business, one of the city's well known and highly respected citizens, and is what may be termed a self made man. E. Vanderwerken, Watchmaker and Jeweler. — A house which probably carries at least as full an assortment of the goods in which it deals as any similar establishment in town is that conduct- ed by Mr. E. Vanderwerken, watchmaker and jeweler. This gentleman began business about three 3'ears ago and has already succeeded in building up a large and rapidly increasing patronage. The stock on hand comprises Watches, Clocks, Jew- elry, Silverware and similar articles, and is not only large in proportions but is most excellently selected to suit the wants of the public. The store is 24x90 feet in dimensions and em- ployment is given to three assistants. The re- pairing department is a very important feature of the business, and the most complicated and deli- cate watches or chronometers may be unhesitat- ingly confided to Mr. Vanderwerken with the as- surance that they cannot be entrusted to more skillful or experienced hands. Repairs of what- ever nature in Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, etc., will receive early and painstaking attention, and will be executed at very low prices. Mr. Vanderwerken is a native of New York State, of old Knickerbocker stock, which is al- most of itself sufficient guarantee of the trust- worthy and reliable character of his goods and his work. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF DAN BURY. In the primitive days, when the whites first began to settle in Connecticut, the territory now occupied by the city of Danbury was called by the Indians " Pah- quioque." No permanent colony seems to have been established in the place before 1685, though a few clearings and improvements had been made upon the virgin country before that date, mostly by settlers of Norwalk. In the spring of 1685 eight families settled here and formed the nucleus of a growing colony. The names- of the heads of these families were: Thomas Taylor, Francis Bushnell, Thomas Barnum, John Hoyt, James Benedict, Samuel Benedict, James Beebe and Judah Gregory. A regular purchase of the land from the Indian proprietors was first made and a few acres of rough land cleared around the rude log cabins in the cen- ter of the tiny settlement, at that time on the outskirts of the New England colo- nies. The whole amount of territory pui*chased from the Indians is recorded to have been eight miles from north to south and six from east to west. While the settlement was yet only a few years old it received a valuable addition in the arrival of Dr. Samuel Wood, a talented physician, born and educated in Eng- land, who had come out across the colony to the very border of civilization to prac- tice his beneficent profession where it might do most good, but where all hopes of ambitious advancement were vain. To such men as Dr. Wood New England owes no small share of her early development. Other settlers came slowly, among whom were Josiah Starr from Long Island, Joseph Mygatt from Hartford, and the families of Picket, Knapp and Wildman. The name "Danbury" was taken from that of a town in Essex, England, of which some of the settlers were doubtless natives. The first church in the village was probably organized about 1696, when the Rev. Seth Shove, the first minister of Danbury, was probably ordained. He was " a very pious and worthy man, who was very successful in his exertions for the promotion of peace, virtue and true religion." The first " meeting-house " was erected about the time of Mr. Shove's ordination. Its dimensions were 40 feet in length by 30 feet in breadth, and the remarkable fact is stated that " after the frame was raised, every person that belonged to the town was present, and sat on the sills at once." A very approximate idea of the number of inhabitants in Danbury may be obtained from this odd statement. A town patent was received by Danbury from the General Court in 1702, and from the advantages which drew settlers to it, it soon became one of the most influ- ential towns in this part of the State. A second meeting-house was erected in 1719, which was 50 feet by 35 feet, to which 15 feet were added on the front in 1745: DANE UR T, ' PAST AND PRESENT. 1 7 1 again we can notice the growth of the population, indeed, in the early Puritan days the church was a most accurate census-keeper. The Rev. Seth Shove died in 1735, after thirty-nine years of faithful service, and was succeeded by Mr. Ebenezer White, who was the pastor for the next twenty-nine years; sixty-eight years of a church's life with only two ministers ! This period of almost perfect religious harmony was succeeded by another so marked by fierce con- troversies that it was believed that "in no town in the State, has there been more religious contention than in this." After Mr. White had served the church with great satisfaction for more than twenty-five years, he began to preach some new ideas, which caused much uneasiness among his people. Finally, in 1764 the discussions resulted in the dismissal of Mr. White from his charge. He however rejected the authority of "ecclesiastical coun- cils," and, the majority of his congregation adhering to him, he formed a separate church, known as the "New Danbury Society." In 1768, Danbury was visited by a terrible conflagration, which laid waste almost the entire town. Like Rome, it arose from the ashes more beautiful than ever. The Revolutionary war had a very important relation to and effect upon Danbury. At its beginning the total valuation of the town was estimated at £28,501. In the early part of the war, the Commissioners of the American Army chose Danbury as a place of deposit for military stores. Pseudo-Governor Tryon, learn- ing that a large amount of supplies had been collected here, on the 26th of April, 1777, made a sudden assault upon the town. The men had been landed at Compo Point, Fairfield, the day before, and arrived at Danbury about three on the after- noon of the 26th of April. Their first work was to destroy the stores. Then they began those brutal and cowardly acts of cruelty and excess which were characteris- tic of all their invasions. Neither the persons nor the property of the citizens were spared, save of a few tories who, however, thought it best not to remain after the departure of the troops. The enemy Avere fearful of being surrounded by the Continental forces, which were gathering rapidly under the leadership of Colonel Cook, the commander of Danbury at the time of the invasion, so they rallied together early on the mornino- of the 27th, and firing a few more private houses as a parting blessing, started on their return march, which was little better than a retreat. In the pursuit of the British back to the coast from Danbury, Major-General Wooster and Brigadier General Silliman led the Americans. On the second day's fighting General Wooster was mortally wounded and brought back to Danbury, where he died in a few days. He was buried in the Danbury cemetery, opposite the Court House. Few Generals in the New England States were more highly honored or more deeply mourned than General Wooster. In 1854, a large and beautiful monument was erected to his memory in Danbury, and his name has been cherished with those of Hale and Putnam. As the British marched away they drove off the sheep and cattle of the inhabit- ants, and after their departure it seemed as if the town had been swept bare. One record states that " nineteen dwelling houses, the meeting-house of the ' New Dan- bury Society,' and twenty-two stores and barns with all their contents were con- sumed. The quantity of Continental stores which wei-e consumed cannot now be accurately ascertained; accounts vary considerably. From the best information 172 D ANBURY, PAST AND PRESENT. which can be obtained, there were about 3,000 barrels of pork, more than 1,000 bar- rels of flour, several hundred barrels of beef, 1,600 tents, 2,000 bushels of grain, besides many other valuable articles, such as rum, wine, rice, army carriages, etc." The losses of private property were estimated to have been about £15,862. The town was so utterly impoverished that a stirring appeal was made to the Legislature in order that some of the impoverished people might not die of starvation. A sum of £500 was voted by the Legislature to relieve the immediate distresses of the suf- ferers, and the whole amount of the loss was finally paid a number of years after the war from the proceeds of the "Western Lands." The town records were almost entirely destroyed during the invasion, so that the early history of the town has been rendered much less full and accurate than otherwise would have been the case. An amusing incident is related which gives a humorous touch to a period other- wise entirely wrapped in gloom. A short distance outside of Danbury on the turnpike road dwelt Mr. Luther Holcomb, a rather eccentric gentleman. Hearing that the British were advancing, Mr. Holcomb mounted his horse and started out to meet them. He arrived at the summit of a low hill, just as the British were descending the one opposite. Mr. Holcomb then faced around, and as if addressing a large body of troops, shouted, in a voice of thunder: " Halt the whole Universe ! Break off by Kingdoms !" The British were considerably in doubt how large a force they had now to encounter. Their cannon was brought to the front of the line to bear upon their formidable enemy, and flanking parties were sent out to make discoveries. Meanwhile Mr. Holcomb was galloping back to Danbury, having saved considerable time for the people of the town and enabled many to make their escape. Although such a disaster might well have crushed a larger town, Danbury with characteristic perseverance was soon as prosperous as she had been before. She never suffered a second invasion, the people having declined to enjoy the doubtful pleasure of having their town made a deposit of Continental stores, and the objective point of a hostile attack. Many of the townsmen, however, were engaged with General Washington in his campaigns, and the town was honorably represented in all the great battles of the war. During the latter part of the Revolution a hospital for the American army was kept here. It occupied two large buildings on the property of Samuel Wildman, Esq., and during the course of the war more than two hundred soldiers were buried there. Thus, Danbury became the last resting place of many of the brave men who gave up their lives in the struggle for our independence. The fact that Danbury recovered very rapidly from the effects of the war and soon came to be a prominent town, is well demonstrated by her having been made a half-shire town in 17S4, the county-court alternating in its sittings between this place and Fairfield. For a short time a religious sect called the Landemamans, obtained some promi- nence, having been founded in 1765 by Robert Landemaman, a native of Perth, England, who died and was buried here in April, 1771. His peculiar doctrine was "the bare belief of the bare truth" of the Bible. They were a very quiet and up- right people, their services and life being somewhat after the manner of the Moravians. Danbury having no seaport could not profit by the brief "boom" in American shipping between the two wars with England, but she likewise did not suffer the reverses which many of the New England seacoast towns met from 1808 to 1820. D ANBURY, PAST AND PRESENT. 173 \» ■•* J|i!: -fffrT Wl«.|w-i»i flfPl -M IB «±i=4S^~* TOWN HALL AND SOLDIERS' MONUMENT. The manufacturing interests of the town have grown, though not with great rapid- ity, yet with great steadiness. As early as 1780 Zadoc Bennett was making hats here, being one of the earliest manufacturers in this line in the country. With the assistance of three men he was accustomed to make about three hats per day. In 1790 the first hat factory in the town was established by Burr & White, who employed about thirty hands and turned out about fifteen dozen a week. By 1800 the trade had assumed extensive proportions, twenty thousand hats, mostly fur, being manufactured annually, more than in any other place in the country. In 1836, there were twenty-four factories in operation in Danbury, with a working force of two hundred and thirty-nine persons, an annual output of one hundred and thirty-four thousand hats, and a total valuation of about §400,000. A paper mill had been established in 1792, which produced 1,500 reams annually, and a number of other important manufactories were started about the beginning of the century. In 1836 there were two hundred dwelling houses in the town, besides numerous other buildings, six meeting-houses (one each of the Congregational, Epis- copal, Baptist, Methodist, Universalist and Landemaman denominations), nine mer- cantile stores, a printing office, and an academy. The population of Danbury in 1840 was 4,5 04; in 1850 it had increased to 5,964, and was the fifth town in size in Connecticut. The completion of the Danbury and Norwalk Railroad in 1852 was an import- 174 D ANBURY, PAST AND PRESENT. ant event in the history of Danbury and aided materially in its progress. The open- ing of the New York & Housatonic Railroad in 1863, and of the New York & New England in 1883, have advanced the town yet more rapidly and made it an im- portant center in the western part of the State. Danbury's war record is one of which she has been and well may be proud. From the first call to arms until the fall of the Confederacy her citizens put forth devoted and untiring efforts in the service of the country. The toAvn was represented by Co. E, First Conn. Regiment, Captain E. E. Wildman; Co. A, Fifth Regiment, Cap- tain H. B. Stone; Co. D, Seventh Regiment, Captain B. F. Skinner; parts of Co.'s H and I, Eighth Regiment, and Co. A, Ninth Regiment; Co. A, Eleventh Regiment, Captain G. A. Southmayd; parts of Co. E, Twelfth Regiment, Co. C, Seventeenth, Captain James E. Moore; Co. B, Twenty-Third, Captain James H. Jenkins, besides other volunteers in almost every regiment sent out by the State. Major-General Darius N. Couch, the celebrated corps commander of the Army of the Potomac, was a native of Danbury. The Hon. Roger Averill, of Danbury, was the Lieut.-Governor of the State from 1862 to 1865, and admirably seconded the grand efforts of the War Governor, Wm, A. Buckingham, which made Connecticut renowned among the loyal States. Among other commissioned officers from Dan- bury were Lieut.-Col. Nelson L. White of the Fourth, and Lieut.-Col. Wm. C. Moeg- ling of the Eleventh. In all the important battles of the war: at Bulls' Run, the Peninsular Campaign, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Charlestown, New Orleans, Vicksburg, Sherman's March to the Sea, and the final campaign under Grant and Sheridan, the brave soldiers from Danbury fought with unflinching courage and patriotism, welding together the dissevered country with their own blood. Among the noble dead were Sergeant John R. Marsh, Lieut.-Cols. Henry B. Stone and Wm. C. Moegling, Captains James E. Moore and Selleck R. White, Lieut. Frederick Starr, and Private A. W. Wheeler, all noble and brave men, honored and mourned, both at home and in the field. In all, Danbury sent to the field more than a thousand men. The town was not less generous in supplying the sinews of war. Out of a grand list of $4,140,207, Danbury contributed $154,566, a proportion which was not surpassed by any town of equal valuation in the State. The U. S. Sanitary Commission, and the Christian Sanitary Commission, as well as State and local organ- izations for helping the soldiers were well supported, and the ladies of the town were untiring in their services. Danbury has been steadily advancing since the war. The manufacturing inter- ests have grown rapidly and many of the large houses are representatives of New Eno-land enterprise. The manufacture of hats has continued to be the leading line, and at present is one of the largest in the country. Other branches of trade have been successfully established and the advantages of the town are yearly attracting new houses. Two National and two Savings banks conduct the banking business of Danbury. There are three progressive journals: the Hepicblican, the Democrat and the News, the latter being the only daily in the city. The subject of education has received a great deal of attention from the citizens of Danbury, and its public school system is maintained at a high standard. There is a free library, which is much appreciated by the large number of inhabitants of a literary turn of mind. A beautiful town hall building has been erected recently DA NB UR Y, PAST A ND PRESENT. 1 75 •which is generally considered to be most elegant in design and finish of any in this part of the State. Danbury has attested her love for the soldiers and their memory by the recent dedication of a soldiers' monument. The management of the water and gas supply is most admirable. The magnificent arch of elms which lines the main street is the pride of the citizens and the admiration of the stranger. Few towns in New England have a more lovely situation than Danbury, either as regards scenery or health. " Terre Haute" is the name of a beautiful hill near the borough, which furnishes an entrancing out-look across the country. Deer Hill is one of the favorite resorts for those in search of beautiful scenery, and is widely noted for its model private residences. Two lovely lakes, "Neversink" and "Keno- sha," are frequently visited by pleasure-seekers, the latter being famous throughout the western part of the State. It is also the source of the Still River, which supplies the borough with excellent water power. With such advantages of situation joined to the enterprise of its citizens, it is not to be wondered at that Danbury has made such rapid progress in recent years. At the present time the population is estimated to be in the neighborhood of fifteen thousand, and every prospect favors yet more decided progress in the future. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF Mill. National Pahquioque Bank, United Bank Building, Main Street. — The best endorsement of a banking institution is a long and honorable record, and measured from this standpoint, the National Pahquioque Bank of Danbury stands foremost among the monetary concerns of the State. It was incorporated as a State bank in 1854, and was reorganized under the national bunking laws in 1865 with a paid up capital stock of $250,000. The surplus exceeding $50,000 attests the prudence and financial ability of the officers past and present, and the methods and policy of the institution challenge universal commenda- tion. The banks which was located until the first part of June at 131 Main street, has now removed to its present commodious quarters in the United Bank Building on Main street, probably the most superb structure to be seen in Danbury. The entrance, when facing the building, is on the right hand, or as it is called, on the north side. The fittings on the inside are to be com- pared most favorably with those of the largest banks in the principal cities throughout the United States. The counters are of fine hard oak, and accommodation is made for an increase of business, which was the prime motive for the bank's removal to present quarters. The vaults are perfectly burglar-proof, entirely new steel lined, and the combination locks are from the well known Hall Safe & Lock Co., of Cincinnati, A special vault exists for securities and another one for books, etc. The bank is officered as follows: President, A. N. Wildman; Cashier, Martin H. Griffing; Tel- ler, Wm. D. Scott; Directors, A. N. Wildman, Chas. F. Starr, Samuel C. Holley, Horace Beers, Benezet A. Hough. Robert McLean, Nathaniel B. Selleck, Chas. D. H. Kellogg, and Martin H. Griffing This is one of the most liberally patronized and ably managed banks in the county. From the outset it has retained the public confidence. A general banking business is transacted, includ- ing the receiving of deposits, the discounting of approved commercial paper, the collection of Drafts, buying and selling of Foreign Ex- change, etc. The officers and directors are all men of in- fluence and standing in business circles, and their worth and integrity gives assurance of the con- tinued prosperity and usefulness of the institu- tion. Bigelow & Stevens, Fire and Life Insurance, Room 6, Library Building. — The laws of man are constantly being changed and are not infre- quently violated with impunity by those whom they should bind, but not so the laws of nature. Natural law is unchanging and inviolable, if oue goes against it the consequences are sure and oft- times terrible, and as nature is no respecter of persons all are equally forced to obey her behests. Gradually but surely the fundamental principles of existence are being discovered and acted upon and it is owing to the great law of average that powerful companies can be formed to insure the community against loss by fire, accident or disease. Few people realize the enormous sums contained in the assets of some of these companies as, for instance, the New York Life which has the tidy little amount of $75,000,000 to its credit! The resident agents of this company are Messrs. Bigelow & Stevens, who may be found in room 6, Library Building. The firm, which consists of Messrs C. H. Bigelow and G. C. Ste- vens, both natives of this city, has been estab- lished some fifteen years, and has worked up a very large business during that time. Beside the company mentioned they are also resident agents for the following fire insurance companies: iEtna, of Hartford; the Continental and the Phoenix, of New York; the American and the Fire Association, of Philadelphia; the Merideu, of Meriden, and the N. British and Mercantile, London, England. Insurance will be placed at the most reasonable rates, and all losses promptly paid. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF D ANBURY. 177 Foster Bros., Builders and Architects. — The great demand for architectural skill and building materials occasioned by the remarkable growth of Danbury has been fully met by the builders and contractors of this place, and in no city in the State are there found more competent master artisans in this line of industry. The leading concern in this field of enterprise is the firm of Foster Bros., who for nearly a quarter of a century have been interested in most of the important building operations in this city and section. The business was inaugurated by Messrs. Barnum & Starr, in 1854, the present firm be- coming their successors in 1864. The Messrs. Foster are both practical and expert master architects and builders, and have the best possible facilities and the requisite skill to plan and complete all kinds of buildings with despatch and in the best style of architectural art. Elevations, plans and specifications are made, and estimates given for all descriptions of buildings, and contracts made with tbis reliable house are well and faithfully per- formed. The firm operate the largest Steam Wood Working establishment in Danbury, and manu- facture and carry in stock all kinds of Doors, Sash, Blinds and Mouldings, as well as Plaster Ornaments and other building materials. Plan- ing and Wood Turning is executed in the most satisfactory manner, and the extensive operations of the house necessitate the employment of fifty skilled workmen. Messrs. J. G. & T. H. Foster are the indi- vidual members of this well known firm. They are natives of Ridgefield, Conn., and possess in full measure the business qualities which inspire confidence and insure success. Quinn & Scott, Dealers in Dry and Fancy -Goods, Pahquioque Block, 161 Main Street. — Among the prominent merchants engaged in this important branch of industry, we are pleased to call the attention of our readers to Messrs. Quinn & Scott, whose elegant and complete establishment ranks as one of the leading houses of its kind in Danbury. This house was established by the above- named gentlemen in April, 1887, and although of such very recent inception has already gained a large share of public favor. They occupy the handsome business structure located at 161 Main street, covering an area of 22x90 feet in dimen- sions. They carry without doubt the largest and best selected stock of Dry and Fancy goods in the city, consisting of the newest domestic and most popular foreign importations in the Dry Goods line. The extensive retail trade already acquired by this house requires the services of nine thor- oughly experienced assistants, and the details of the business are most ably managed under the direct personal supervision of the proprietors. Mr. John A. Quinn and Mr. Frank M. Scott are natives of Danbury, and both are well and favorably known in social as well as business circles. They are men of rare natural ability, and enjoy in a pre-eminent degree the respect, and confidence of all who do business with them. Danbury National Bank. — This is the oldest banking institution in Danbury, having been started in 1824, under the name of Fairfield County Branch Bank of Norwalk. Dissolution first took place, July 1, 1844, when it was organ- ized and incorporated as a State Bank, and in the wonderful growth of the town and section during the past sixty-three years, it has taken a most prominent and important part. Under the present name it was reorganized under the provisions of the Federal Banking Laws in 1865. The capital stock is $327,000, giving ample facilities for aiding mercantile and industrial enterprise. The large surplus attests the able management of affairs, and the worth and standing of the officers and directors inspires the fullest confidence of customers and corre- spondents. The officers of the Bank at this time are as follows: President, Lucius P. Hoyt; Cashier, Jabez Amsbury; Teller, George Williams; Directors — Lucius P. Hoyt, Wm. R. White, Henry Crofut, Lyman D. Brewster, Samuel H. Ruudle, Henry T. Hoyt, Samuel C. Wildman, Geo. G. Durant and Jabez Amsbury. Mr. Lucius P. Hoyt has been the president of the bank since 1864, one year before it became a National Bank, and has been also President of the Danbury & Norwalk R. R. since its organiza- tion in 1852. Mr. Jabez Amsbury, the Cashier of the Bank, has held that same responsible position since October, 1855. He is a wide awake business man and able financier. He was born in New- ton, Mass. The Board of Directors comprise many of the leading manufacturers and merchants of the town, and under past and present management, the Danbury National Bank ranks as one of the best conducted solid financial institutions in the State. Hawley Bradley, Carriage Repository, Sales, Boarding and Livery Stables, 314 Main Street. — For the past quarter of a century Mr. Hawle} r Bradley has maintained leadership in his line of trade in Danbury, and at present writing he occupies a most prominent position among the business men of this place. His extensive Sales, Boarding and Livery Stables are 35x300 feet in dimensions, with first-class accommodations for seventy-five head of horses, as well for the storage of carriages. He keeps for livery purposes about forty teams, and his turnouts are stylish, serviceable and reliable. The accommodations for boarding horses are all that could be desired, and terms are uniformly reasonable and satisfaction guaranteed. Mr. Bradley is one of the largest dealers in horses in New England, and one of the most reliable. He brings car loads of the finest Cana- dian and Western horses to this place, for which he has a constant demand, and his operations require the employment of ten workmen. Mr. Bradley is a progressive, public-spirited business man and most estimable citizen, and possesses the fullest confidence of all with whom he is brought into business relations. He carries in stock a fine and large assortment of carriages, and is able to meet eveiy require- ment of customers. 178 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF D ANBURY. J. N. Robertson, Carpenter and Builder, 8 Crosby Street. — No persons have striven with greater zeal during the time since his establish- ment to bring to the front that branch of indus- try in which they labor than has Mr. J. N. Rob- ertson, and he has been rewarded, for to-day he occupies a leading position in the building trade of Danbury, and has acquired a fame for the re- liable and substantial manner in which he fulfills his contracts, excelled by none of his contempo- raries. This business was established by its present proprietor, Mr. J. N. Robertson, in 1877, who is a thoroughly experienced and practical builder, and all work undertaken by him is accomplished under his personal supervision. The premises occupied by him are convenient- ly located at 8 Crosby street, and comprise a building 40x70 feet in dimensions, which is equipped with all the improved machinery and steam power necessary for Wood Working of all kinds, such as Moulding, Turning, etc. Mr. Robertson gives employment to twelve skilled workmen, and his business operations consist of the erection of buildings and all kinds of carpenter work. He has erected many of the private residences and business blocks which grace our city, as well as many pretentious edi- fices throughout the adjoining towns. It is a matter of the greatest importance that buildings should be erected with care and of good materials, and those contemplating build- ing of any description will promote their own interests by consulting with Mr. Robertson be- fore entering into contracts with other parties. Mr. Robertson is a native of Canada, and his long residence and business career in this city have gained him the reputation of being one of the leading and most reliable builders of Danbury. F. E. Hartwell & Co., Dealers in Clothing and Gents' Furnishing Goods, 199 Main Street. — Among the prosperous business industries con- ducted in Danbury, the Clothing and Gents' Fur- nishing Goods line of trade occupies a prominent position, and popular among those houses de- voted to this line of business is the one conduct- ed by Mr. F. E. Hartwell. This house was established by Mr. Hartwell (who is the sole proprietor, the company being nominal) in 1877, and during the ten years since its inception he has been very successful in build- ing up an extensive retail trade. The premises occupied cover an area of 20x98 feet in dimensions, and have excellent facilities for displaying the very fine stock of goods car- ried, which consist of a full and complete assort- ment of gentlemen's clothing and furnishing goods of every description, also a large variety of Trunks, Valises, Umbrellas, etc., and in addition to the above-named line of goods, Mr. Hartwell deals extensively in horse clothing, of which he carries a complete stock. The extensive retail trade of this house gives constant employment to five very efficient clerks and the details of the business, which are under the direct supervision of the proprietor, are handled in an able and energetic manner. Mr. Hartwell is a native of Massachusetts, an excellent business manager of long experience, and a highly esteemed citizen of Danbury. D. S. Cosier, Undertaker. Coffins, Caskets and Shrouds, the Best in Market, Kept on Hand. 809 Main Street. — In a work of this kind, which treats of the resources of the city of Danbury, and which is destined to be read by the entire community, it is of course not out of place for us to speak of an establishment where, when our citizens are in bereavement, they will be able to find everything requisite for a funeral. The es- tablishment we have reference to is the one con- ducted by Mr. D. S. Cosier, undertaker, located at No. 309 Main Street. He established his business in 1869, and during the eighteen years since that date has so conducted it that to-day he possesses the esteem and confidence of a large portion of this community as one of the most re- liable parties to consult in times of need. Mr. Cosier deals extensively in coffins, caskets and shrouds, and constantly keeps on hand as fine an assortment as can be found in this city. His fine wareroom and private morgue is located at the above named address, where all orders are re- ceived and promptly executed, funerals attended to on short notice, hearses furnished, and coaches to meet the cars at all hours. Bodies laid out and prepared for burial night or day. Mr. Cosier and his very capable assistants are considerate and thoughtful in their attention to all patrons. Mr. Cosier is a native of New Fairfield, Ct. , but has been a resident of Danbury for many years, where he has gained a highly honorable record. He is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity. Joseph T. Bates & Co., Dealers in Western Lumber and Timber. Southern Yellow Pine, Walnut, White Wood, Oak and Spruce Flooring. Yard near N . Y. & N. E. R. R. depot, on Canal Street. — A leading house in the lumber trade of Danbury, and one of the principal concerns in this section is that of Messrs Joseph T. Bates & Co. The extensive business carried by these representative merchants was established in 1873 by the senior partner, the firm as now constituted succeeding him in 1883. The office and large yards of Messrs Bates & Co. are eligibly located with reference to ship- ment and receipt of merchandise, on Canal street, near the Housatonic railroad depot, the premises being admirably arranged for dry storage, etc., and the stock of merchandise is as large and complete as that of any other lumber dealer in Fairfield County. Messrs Bates & Co., have a large city and out town Western Lumber and Timber trade in Southern Yellow Pine, Wal- nut, White wood, Oak and Spruce flooring, be- sides seasoned clapboards, shingles, pickets, fence railing, posts, sheathing and flooring, and supply merchandise of standard excellence at lowest wholesale prices, and the great facilities for trade, honorable business methods and punc- tuality of the firm make their house a most desir- able and popular spurce of supply. Messrs J. T Bates and Wm. A. Burkett are the individual members of the firm. The former is a native of Danbury and the latter was born in Falls Village, Ct. Both are energetic, liberal, pro- gressive business men, and enjoy the fullest confi- dence of their customers and correspondents. In Lepeer, Michigan, the firm have in stock 2,000,000 feet, and 1,000,000 feet on hand here. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF D ANBURY. 179 Turner House, Commercial rates $2.50 per day. Free Carriage to and from all Trains. W. M. Butler, Manager; J. S. Bliss, Proprietor.-— The Turner House, by far the finest hotel build- ing in Danbury, and one of the most imposing structures of any kind in the town, is one of the eminently popular and well conducted hostel- ries and pleasant summer resorts in New En- gland. It was built about thirty-five years ago by Mr. Turner, a famous showman in his day, and for five years has been conducted by Col. J. S. Bliss as proprietor, and Mr. W. M. Butler as the popular and efficient manager. Extensive additions were made to the building in 1883, at which time every modern improvement was introduced and the capacity of the house was doubled. The building is a handsome, four story brick structure, fronting on the Park, with spacious piazzas extending along three sides of the building, and all the surroundings are de- lightful. The rooms, sixty in number, are mod- els of elegance and comfort in their arrangements and appointments, and there is not in New En- gland a more desirable place as a summer resi- dence, or as an elegant home at all seasons. The menu is unsurpassed, and the service all that could be desired by the most exacting, and an air of refinement and comfort pervades every department. Col. Bliss, the proprietor, is a New York man by birth, and won his military title by faithful service in the war of the Rebellion as an aid on the staff of Gen. Newton, afterwards chief en- gineer of the United States Army. He is a cul- tured, courteous gentleman of fine social and business qualities, and is also one of the proprie- tors of the Wooster House in Danbury. Mr. Butler, the competent and obliging mana- ger, is a New Haven man by birth, and is one of the most popular hotel men in the State. The rates are from $2.50 to $3.00 per day, with special rates to commercial travelers and those remaining for a length of time. C. H. Wilcox, Eureka Feed Mill, 310 Main Street. — It would be an almost impossible task to compute the vast amount of Flour, Feed, Grain and Hay, etc., that are annually sold through the medium of the merchants of Dan- bury. One of the oldest and best known houses in the city devoted to the sale of these and kindred products was founded in I860 by Mr. G. S. Dis- brow. In 1880, Mr. Disbrow, the founder of the concern, and father in-law of the present proprietor, died. Since then Mr. Wilcox has been the sole pro- prietor. The premises utilized for the trans- action of this business are located at 310 Main street, and occupy two floors of the building, each 40x60 feet in dimensions, which are well stocked with Flour, Grain, Feed, etc. All goods are received direct from producers and manufacturers, and as every facility for doing a large business is at command, combining ample cap- ital with energy, enterprise and expe- rience it is not surprising that Mr. Wilcox should enjoy the confidence of a wide circle of patrons, and control a large wholesale and retail business trade in Danbury and the surrounding towns. The extent to which this trade has reached re- quires the employment of six assistants, and the large stock constantly carried will always be found uniform in general good qualities and color, which are unsurpassed in this market. Mr. Wi'cox is a native of Danbury, and in conclusion we may be permitted to say that the reputation enjoyed by him from the inception of his business for reliable goods and low prices has been main- tained to the present day, and those in quest of any of these goods will conserve their own inter- ests by trading at this establishment. Folsom's Photograph Studio, 197 Main Street. — It is wonderful to contemplate the degree of perfection which has been attained in the art of photography within late years, and this is mainly due to the improvements that have been attained in the process of its operations, and in no branch of the arts have more marked improvements been made than in that of photography, and the studio located in Danbury that we are particularly de- sirous of calling the attention of our readers to is the one now conducted by Mrs. J. H. Folsom. This business was established in 1872 by Mr. J. H. Folsom, and ably managed by him until his death, which occurred in 1883, since which date the business has been conducted by Mrs. Folsom. The premises occupied are located in the sec- ond and third floors of the building, and com- prise several large reception and operating rooms. The reception rooms are handsomly furnished and decorated with pictures of all descriptions, and the operating rooms are well supplied with all the new and modern improvements, and the various facilities required in the conduct of the business. Employment is given to four very capable assistants, whose talent and artistic tastes are displayed in the many fine productions of this establishment, which has gained the just reputa- tion of being the largest in town, and producing the best and most reliable work. Perfect satis- faction is guaranteed in all descriptions of work undertaken by this house. 180 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF D ANBURY. I 1 W. O. HOYT, i fe * It/usicglI L"i-CFcr)a:r)cli ise. DANBURY. CORN. A most desirable place in Danbury for the purchase of Pianos, Organs and musical merchan- dise generally, is that of Mr. W. O. Hoyt. This representative dealer established himself in business here in 1879, and has from the begin- ning met with decided and deserved success. His large and handsomely appointed store room is filled to its utmost capacity with an elegant assortment of Weber and Shoninger Pianos and Mason & Hamlin's Organs, besides a full line of Sheet Music, Music Books and publications, and musical merchandise of every description. Mr. Hoyt supplies everything in his line at lowest prices for cash, and instruments are warranted and satisfaction guaranteed in every instance. Being a publisher and importer of sheet music he is able to furnish either at wholesale or retail. Four polite and attentive assistants are employed and all are treated in a courteous manner. Mr. Hoyt is a native of Danbury and is highly esteemed. He enjoys unsurpassed facilities for successfully conducting a large trade. He is reliable and responsible in business and has won success in trade here through his sterling worth and ability. Holbrook & Taylor, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Boots, Shoes, Rubbers, Etc. Opposite Town Clock, Main Street. — There is nothing which contributes more directly to the metropol- itan character of a city than the establishment of enterprising and reliable houses, thereby aug- menting the facilities of supply, and inducing trade to the given centre. Whatever may have been the advantages of Danbury in this respect heretofore it must be admitted by all who give the subject considera- tion, that the past few years have demonstrated its ability to cope successfully with any city of its size in the inducements presented to the gen- eral trade. Among the important accessions to this branch of trade (namely Boots, Shoes and Rubbers), is the house of Holbrook & Taylor, which was es- 9ll ck\ovt & SCcuvhI tablished some years ago by Benedict Brothers,, and under the present management one year, and which occupies two floors 18x100 feet, in a build- ing located on Main street, opposite town clock. These premises are stocked with every variety of the most desirable Boots, Shoes and Rubbers for men, women, boys, youths, misses and children, of all the various grades suited to the market. The facilities enjoyed by the house embrace the most desirable relations with reliable manufac- turers for supplying that class of goods they can with confidence commend to the trade. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. Elijah Holbrook and Hewell Taylor, both natives of Massachusetts, and gentlemen well known as being closely allied to the commercial prosperity of the city. Their trade is very extensive and is both whole- sale and retail. Several find employment with this house in their various departments. In conclusion we would say that with experience in the business, and possessing those essential qual- ities of progression which keep pace with the spirit of the times, the house of Messrs. Holbrook & Taylor presents to the public unsurpassed ad- vantages as one with which to establish business relations. George R. Stevens, Artists' Materials Pic- tures, Frames and Mouldings and Fine Station- ery, 89 White Street. — In a volume such as this, which treats of the manifold industries of Dan- bury, it is evident that those branches of trade and manufacture which are dependent on the work of the artist, must necessarily occupy a prominent place. Of these not the least important is the manu- facture of Picture Frames and the dealing in Artists' Materials; and to obtain those of the best quality is an important point for the artist to con- sider, to the end that his work shall be properly executed and finished. Mr. George R. Stevens, who is engaged in the above named business, established his house in LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF D ANBURY. 181 April, 1887, and although of such very recent in- ception has already become known to the trade as a prominent, substantial and trustworthy house for the sale of art goods, etc. The premises are located at 89 White street, and consist of a store and basement each 20x50 feet in dimensions, where will be found a full and complete assortment of Artists' Materials, Pic- tures, Frames, Mouldings and Fine Stationery. Frames for Folsom's Solars a specialty. Mr. Stevens is a native of Danbury, and we may say that he is in the possession of facilities that enable him to offer to the trade as fine a quality of Artists' Materials as can be found in the market, and in all departments of his business he has inducements to offer not elsewhere to be duplicated. The R. A. Belden Co., Sole Manufacturers of Hat Machinery. — In a field of usefulness as wide as the range of iron manufactures, The R. A. Belden Co. have for years occupied a promi- nent place among the leaders of industrial enterprise in Southwestern Connecticut, and in the line of its specialties the concern maintains acknowledged leadership in this section. The works of the company at Danbury are a model of completeness in arrangement and ap pointments, and consist of a substantial two- story building, 30x100 feet in dimensions, with large extensions, su plied with every appliance for intended purposes, the valuable machinery being driven by steam. About thirty experienced workmen are em- ployed in the several departments of the estab- lishment in the manufacture of machinery de- signed and patented by Mr. Belden, a successful inventor of genius, whose improvements in some of the heavy machinery for the working of iron are recognized as the nearest approach to perfec- tion as yet attained in this branch of manufactures. To iron masters throughout New England and the Middle States, the Belden Upright Power Hammer is known as a most desirable improve- ment in the forging of metals, and his extra heavy crank planers, wrenches and tongues are unsurpassed. The company manufacture the famous Guthrie and Climax Wrenches, and all kinds of iron and steel drop forgings, and their facilities of supply are fully adequate to the requirements of iron masters everywhere. As there have been placed in the market Hat Forming and Fur Blowing Machines manufac- tured in imitation of or after the same manner as those made by them in accordance with Letters Patent No. 331,180, granted to Russell A. Bel- den, November 24th, 1885, for improvements in Turn Tables for Hat Forming Machines, and No. 331,181, granted to Russell A. Belden, Novem- ber 24th, 1885, for improvement in Bearers for Fur Blowing Machines, they call attention to the fact that all Hat Forming or Fur Blowing Machines of this description made or sold by any parties other than ourselves, are made and sold in direct infringement of said Letters Patent. Mr. R. A. Belden, the head of this reliable concern, is a New England man by birth, and was successfully engaged in the manufacture of iron machinery for seven years prior to his re- moval to Danbury in 1871. H. D. Smith, Drugs and Medicines, 87 White Street. — Since October, 1885, the Drug estab- lishment of H. D. Smith has been prominently identified with this branch of industry in Dan- bury, conducing in no small degree to the repu- tation of the city for possessing good and reliable druggists. This establishment is located at 87 White Street, and will be found neat, spacious, attrac- tive and eminently in keeping with the excellent reputation it has attained as one of the leading houses in the city for pure and unadulterated Drugs and Medicines. The premises occupied by Mr. Smith comprise a store 18x40 feet in dimensions, which is fitted up with every facility for the successful conduct of his steadily increasing trade. The stock here displayed evinces the finest taste in its selection and embodies everything desired in the line of Medicines and Drugs, also a large variety of Fancy and Toilet articles, and in fact everything included in Druggists' sundries. Mr. Smith, who is a thorough pharmacist, has the assistance of a very reliable and experienced clerk, and all prescriptions entrusted to his care are guaranteed to be compounded in a most careful and accurate manner. Mr. Smith is a native of Connecticut, having in the judgment of his fellow citizens been found worthy of entire confidence and esteem. In conclusion, we can but assure the residents of Danbury that all transactions entered into with this house will be both pleasant and profitable. G. F. Richardson, Dealer in Flour, Grain, Feed, Hay and Straw, 194 Main Street.— The commercial importance of this city has been greatly enhanced by the untiring activity of her merchants in attracting to this market a wide- spread and annually increasing trade from the surrounding country, by means of low prices and fine quality of goods. A prominent house in the Flour and Grain trade of this city, and one that enjoys a large patronage throughout the city and vicinity is that of Mr. G. F. Richardson, which was founded over forty years ago by Mr. G. Cranford, its present proprietor succeeding to the business in 1882, and has since built up the large and growing trade. Mr. Richardson occupies the premises located 194 Main street (which cover an area of 18x6 feet) as an office, and has an extensive warehouse out- side for the storage of his immense stock of Flour, Grain, Feed, Hay and Straw. Mr. Richardson has the assistance of two very reliable clerks and the business which is mostly retail, is efficiently handled and all orders are promptly attended to. In all respects this es- tablishment is a credit to the city, and the success it has attained is the well merited reward of an honorable and liberal business policy. Mr. Richardson is a native of Danbury and closely identified with the commercial advance- ment of this community, as well as thoroughly awake to all matters that will accrue to the bene- fit of his customers. In view of what we have recorded, Mr. Rich- ardson is well deserving of the support which has been extended to him — a support which is, and will continue to be well merited. 182 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DAN BURY. HReed & Co., Dealers in Drugs and Medicines, ■etc., 143 Main Street. — One of the most neces- sary and convenient branches of industry to a community is a well conducted drug establish- ment, and the one to which we refer here is well known as among the best arranged and most ably conducted establishments of its kind in Danbury. The proprietor, Mr. G. H. Reed, is a thorough pharmacist and employs as assistants only capa- ble and courteous clerks. This house was established in 1885 by its present proprietor, Ms. Reed, who is the sole manager, the company being nominal. The store occupied by him is located at 143 Main street, and covers an area of 20x60 feet in dimensions, which is handsomely and conven- iently arranged, nicely furnished and supplied with all the modern improvements in way of elegant soda fountain, show cases and windows. In the two last named are tastefully displayed the elegant and attractive assortment of Fancy articles, and Fancy Toilet goods dealt in. The extensive retail trade requires the employment of two clerks, who are thoroughly conversant with the details of the business, which is man- aged under the direct supervision of the proprie- tor, and all patrons are assured that none but the purest drugs and medicines are here offered for sale. All prescriptions are accurately and promptly compounded. Mr. Reed is a native of Danbury, Connecticut, and in commending his house to the trade at large, we but reflect the general reputation it bears in this community by saving that its pro- ducts may in every instance be implicitly relied upon. H. A. Addis & Son, Largest Grocers in Danbury; Best Teas in the Market; Wood, Charcoal, Hay, Feed, etc.; also, Blacksmithing, Carriage Building and Livery Stables, 371 Main Street. — This well known house has for years been identified with the industrial and commer- cial growth of Danbury, and the operations of the firm as dealers in groceries and provisions, and blacksmiths and wagon manufacturers, mark them as leaders in their several branches of business in this town. The Grocery establishment was founded in 1873, by Messrs. Addis & Son, and has been carried on with most decided success under the able management of the junior member of the firm. Their store is eligibly located at No. 371 Main street, their premises occupying several large rooms, covering an area of 4,500 square feet, with every facility for storage of merchandise and transaction of business. The stock comprises everything desirable in Choice Groceries, Provisions, Teas, Coffees,Canned I Goods, Provisions and Produce generally, hesides j Wood, Charcoal, Hay, etc., and the great facilities j of the house for supplying reliable merchandise at bottom prices make this one of the most popu- | lar sources of family supply in the town. The Blacksmithing and Carriage Building is j conducted under the immediate supervision of | Mr. H. A. Addis, an experienced master in this line of industry, and orders for new and repair work are filled with dispatch at satisfactory prices in the best manner. In connection with their other business they carry on a fine Livery Stable containing eleven horses, which is open day and night. A fine Feed Business is conducted at the old store, 369 Main street. Messrs. H. A. & Seth P. Addis comprise this reliable firm They are both natives of this town, and occupy prominent places in trade and social circles. David Beers, Lumber and Coal; also, agent for Oil Stoves, Corner Main and Elm Streets. — In describing the manufacturing and commercial advantages of Danbury, we find a variety of enterprises that are worthy of notice in a work of this character, and which conduce in no small degree to giving the city the reputation she LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DAXBURT. 1*3 enjoys as bang a great center from which to obtain any desired merchandise. Among others, we may mention the Lumber and Coal business of Mr. David Beers, who is located at the corner of Main and the New England Railroad cross- ing. This business was established by its present proprietor in 1884, since which date he has been so successful that to day he is doing a large business in the Lumber and Coal trade. The premises occupied for this wholesale and retail trade cover an area of one half an acre, with sheds which are well stocked with the best Lumber and Coal to be obtained in the State. The services of ten men and seven teams are required to transact and keep pace with the increasing business. Mr. Beers is a native of Roxbury, Conn., an energetic and enterprising business man. In connection with this already named business, Mr. Beers acts as agent for Oil Stoves, in which he carries a fine line. Christian Quien, Real Estate, Starr's Block, Main Street — Prominent among the most reliable and leading Real EstateAgents located in Danbury, is Mr. Christian Quien, who established his busi- ness in 1871 and during the fifteen years since that date, has established a reputation for always being found prompt, accurate and thoroughly reliable in all business transactions. The premises utilized by him comprise an office located on the second floor of the building situat- ed on Main street and known as Starr's block, where Mr. Quien will be found constantly in readiness to conduct every department of the Real Estate business, such as buying and selling of Real Estate, collecting rents and claims, and negotiating Foreign Exchanges, etc. His highly esteemed opinion is constantly solicited by all classes who are desirous of assis'ance in this line of trade. He is ever attentive and obliging to all clients, and has therefore gained a well merited and widespread popularity. Persons entrusting tbe care of their property to Mr. Quien, either for the sale of real estate or the collection of rents, can rely upon its being promptly attended to in the most reliable man- ner. Persons suffering from temporary embar- rassment and desirous of hiring the use of money, will find Mr. Quien a fair and honorable business man, too bish minded to take advan- tage or charge exorbitant rates. By bis honora- ble upright career he has won the confidence and respect of the citizens of Danbury. H. M. Robinson, Watches, Jewelry, Silver- ware, Books and Stationery, 189 Main Street. — A business enterprise, which by reason alike of its old establishment and the push and energy shown in its management, can hardly fail to be universally known to our readers, is that con- ducted by Mr. H. M. Robinson. The inception of this business was in 1854 when it was founded by Mr. Huntington, who in 1859 became associated with the present proprie- tor under the name of Huntington & Robinson. Mr. Robinson has had sole contiol for the past twenty-five years, during which time the growth of the business has been steady and large. The main store occupied is of the dimensions of '211x75 feel. A very heavy and varied stock is carried of watches, clocks, jewelry, silverware, etc. As well as a full line of fancy articles, optical goods, books, stationery and kindred wares. The trade is wholly retail and has reached large propor- tions, as it has long been known to the residents of Danbury and vicinity that this establishment is a most excellent place in which to make pur- chases. Mr. Robinson is a native of Ashford, Ct., and is one of the best known of our veteran mer- chants. Charles Rider, Insurance (Fire, Life and Acci- dent) Starr's Block, Main Street. — Careful and painstaking study and research is the price paid for material advancement in any line of endeavor, and in nothing is this more strictly true than in that relating to insurance. Thousands, yes mil- lions, of figures have been gone over again and. again and the tables of mortality have been closely perused and thoroughly digested in order to offer to the publ c the many inestimable ad- vantages derived from Fire and Life Insurance to-day. The insurance business enlists the ser- vices of many of the most energetic and enter- prising of our men of business, and among these may be mentioned Mr. Charles Rider, whose of- fice is in Starr's Block, Main street. This gentleman who established his present business about a year ago, occupies two neat of- fices in the block referred to, and represents the following reliable companies: Gltnn's Falls,. Milwaukee; Mechanics, American, of New York; Merchants of Newark, Pacific, New Hampshire; and Washington Fire and Marine. These companies insure against fire, and Mr. Rider is also agent for the Phcenix Life of Hart- ford and the Fidelity and Casualty Accident Insur- ance Co. of New York. Risks are placed at most fair and reasonable rates, and those desiring insurance can obtain it in no more desirable man- ner than through Mr. Rider. H. B. Weed, Dealer in Carriages. — The car- riage business fills an important place in the list of commercial houses of a city, and a volume such as this would not be comprehensive with- out proper mention of one of the leading houses engaged in this line. Therefore we take pleasure in giving due notice to our readers of the establishment of Mr. H. B. Weed, who carries on an extensive wholesale and retail business in this line. The premises, which comprise three floors, each 70x30 feet in dimensions, are admirably and conveniently arranged for the display of the large and elegant stock of judiciously selected foreign and American manufactured Carnages, thus giving customers an infinite variety of pat- terns from which to select. At present employment is given to seven assistants, and the business is rapidly increasing. Mr. Weed is a native of Hudson, New York, and in all respects his house occupies a leading position in the city, not only with regard to the superiority of its stock, but also for the enterprise of its business policy, its liberality and prompt- ness with which all its dealings are conducted. 184 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BANBURY. Werner Bros., Clothing and Gents' Furnish- ings, 225 Main Street. — With a thorough knowl- edge of the business and after having acquired the reputation of experts as judges of fashiona- ble male attire, Messrs. Werner & Bros, estab- lished in 1879 what is now one of the most pop- ular Clothing and Gents' Furnishing establish- ments of the city. This firm occupy for business purposes the premises located at 225 Main street. The line of goods carried is such as to meet the wants of the most fastidious and fashionable, as well as the extremely plain or most ultra of patrons. The store covers an area of 20x90 feet, where the very large and complete stock is tastefully dis- played. The trade of this house, which is mostly retail extends throughout the city and vicinity. The stock of elegant Clothing and Furnishing Goods shown by this firm embraces all the latest styles and the newest and most approved novelties of the season. In addition to the close personal superintend- ence of the proprietors, the assistance of two very capable clerks are required to conduct the many details of this extensive trade. Both mem- bers of the firm, Mr. Morris and Elias Werner, are practical men at the business, and they have acquired a well deserved reputation for sedulous attention to business, liberalty in all dealings, and care in the fit and fashion of garments, qualities which have much to do with the success attained and the present prominence of the house. F. T. Austin, Successor to Austin Brothers, House Furnishing Goods, Carpets. Oil Cloths, and Furniture, 191 Main Street. — In a carefully prepared review of the manufacturing and com- mercial industries of Danbury, and of the men who have contributed to the proud position now held in the markets of the world by this city, es- pecial interest is attached to those houses which have been so long established as to be apart of the history of the city itself. Such a house is the one now conducted by Mr. F. T. Austin, dealer in House Furnishing Goods, etc. This business was established by Mr. F. H. Austin many years ago and successfully con- ducted by him until 1877, when he was succeeded by his two sons, who have for the last nine years managed the business under the firm name of Austin Bros. In February, 1887, Mr. F. T. Austin assumed full control, since which date the business has been under his sole management. From a small beginning the citizens of Danbury have seen this now splendid enterprise grow to its present proportions, and to the sound judgment and honorable business record of its proprietors the success is largely due. The premises occupied for the transaction of this business are located at 191 Main street, and comprise a store 25x60 feet in dimensions, with a basement of the same size, where is displayed the fine stock of Carpets, Oil Cloths, etc. The stock handled by this house consists of the largest and most complete assortment of House Furnish- ings and Furniture to be found in this city. In the Upholstering Department are many specialties in Raw Silk and Lace Curtains, Cretonnes, Cot- ton and Silk Plushes, etc. In the Furniture Department all the new and most desirable styles, also a fine line of Carpets, Oil Cloths, Rugs, Wall Paper, etc., and in fact everything requisite for a complete and elegant furnishing of houses. This business, which is mostly retail, requires the employment of six very capable assistants, and the details of the business are most ably managed under the direct supervision of the pro- prietor. Mr. Austin is a native of Danbury; a gentle- man highly esteemed in social and business circles. Osborne Brothers, Dealers in Lumber, 112 White Street. — With exceptional facilities for their large trade, the above named firm have for nine years past conducted one of the leading lumber establishments in southwestern Connec- ticut, with their office at 112 White street. The extensive yards of the firm are admirably located and arranged with reference to receipt, storage and shipment of merchandise, and there is not in the State a more desirable or reliable source of supply. The firm carry at all times in stock a large as- sortment of seasoned Hard and Soft Lumber of every description and for all purposes, and sup- ply in large or small quantities, all kinds of building materials at short notice and low prices, and in a wide range of business the house exerts an influence most commendable. The energy, business methods and worth of the Messrs. Osborne, command, at all times, the confidence of builders and consumers generally. Messrs. Chas. R. and Chester C. Osborne are the individual members of the firm. They are natives of Danbury and are business men of ability and indomitable energy, and esti- mable citizens in all that is signified by the term. John H. Cosier, Real Estate, 309 Main Street. — From the inception of the above house it has been recognized as one of the principal realty concerns of the city, where could be found an extensive list of the most desirable city and suburban property, farms and land. Since 1868 the proprietor of this enterprise, Mr. John H. Cosier, has been intimately con- nected with the business interests of Danbury, and he has in consequence made the venture a great success, having been engaged in this busi- ness longer than any other real estate house in Danbury. His office is prominently located at 309 Main street, where he is pleased to meet and accom- modate in any way those interested in the pur- chase, sale or renting of property. In addition to his realty business, he is pre- pared to loan money at lowest rates on approved securities in any amounts, and he will be found a safe medium for transacting business of this na- ture. Mr. Cosier is a native of New Fairfield, Ct. , and is a member of the Board of Relief, besides holding other public offices. He is well and favorably known throughout this section, and is one of Danbury's most esteemed citizens. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF D ANBURY. 185 Couch's Photograph Gallery, No. 201 5£ Main Street. — Probably in no branch of the industrial arts has more marked improvement been made in recent years than in that of Pho- tography, and it is with pleasure that we call the attention of our readers to one of the oldest studios in Danbury, which was established in 1862 by its present proprietor, Mr. H. E. Couch. The premises occupied by him for the conduct of the business are located at 201% Main street, and comprise three large reception and operating rooms. The reception rooms are handsomely and comfortably furnished, and decorated with an innumerable variety of pictures of all kinds mostly the production of this establishment. The operating rooms are supplied with all the new and improved facilities for the production of the art. The assistance of two very skillful artists are required in addition to the close personal atten- tion of Mr. Couch. Perfect satisfaction is guar- anteed in all work performed at this establish- ment, which includes Photographs and Portraits of all styles and sizes. Mr. Couch has the reputation of producing some of the finest specimens in this branch of art ever offered in Danbury. Mr. Couch is a native of Connecticut, and a gentleman of rare artistic ability. Genial in disposition, he has won the esteem of the entire community. F. L. Wilson, Pictures and Picture Frames, 261 Main Street. — The artistic tastes of a com- munity is a sure index of its refinement and culture, and we are safe in asserting that in no city of equal magnitude is this more evident than in Danbury. This city possesses to a marked degree in its establishments every facility for fostering the aesthetic tastes of the community, and it is in a large -measure due to houses like that of Mr. F. L. Wilson, which serves as a prominent type, that these to-be desired results have been at- tained. Mr. Wilson has been established in this line of business in Danbury since 1882, and during the period since elapsed this enterprise has steadily advanced in importance until it has culminated in achieving the strongest position in this special branch of trade. The premises utilized for the business are located at 261 Main street, opposite the Post Office, and comprises a store 20x60 feet in dimen sions, where is tastefully displayed the very fine and complete assortment of goods handled which consists of a fine selection of Pictures and Picture Frames, Statuettes and Art goods ; and in addition to the above mentioned line of goods, Mr. Wil- son deals extensively in a choice assortment of Watches and Jewelry. Employment is given to three very capable and reliable clerks, and this extensive retail trade, which is under the direct management of Mr. Wilson, is most efficiently handled. Mr. Wilson makes a specialty of repairing jeweley, and all work entrusted to his care is executed in the best manner possible. Patrons visiting this very fine establishment, will find it possesses superior facilities which enables its proprietor to offer inducements difficult to duplicate elsewhere, which will be found both pleasant and profitable to all purchasers. H. E. Reed, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Harness, Blankets, Robes, Whips, Brushes, and Horse Goods of all Kinds, 300 Main Street. — With many years practical experience as a har- ness manufacturer, Mr. H. E. Reed established himself in the business in Danbury in 1878, and his success has, from the beginning, been decid- ed and continued. His shop and salesroom are eligibly located at No. 300 Main street, where can be found a very select assortment of merchandise, consisting of Harness, Blankets, Robes, Whips, Brushes and Horse Goods generally. The facilities of Mr. Reed for supplying first class merchandise to order, and from stock on hand are unsurpassed, and have made his establishment one of the fav- orite resorts for owners of horses, wishing any- thing that is required in his line. Orders for all kinds of new and repair work are executed with dispatch and at most reasona- ble prices, and in all his dealings Mr. Reed is prompt, reliable and obliging. This representative business man is a native of Bristol, Connecticut, and is an expert in every branch of his business, and the faith in his busi- ness integrity and worth which universally ob- tains is abundantly warranted. He is a genial, courteous dealer, and has developed a trade of large proportions. GAGE & BANKS, BROKERS, United Bank Building, Danbury, Stocks, Provisions, and Petroleum. (Also at Bridgeport.) Wm. H. Hawley, Wholesale aud Retail Drug- gist, White and Ives Streets. — In detailing the various pursuits and enterprises which are car- ried on here and which together combine to make Danbury one of the important cities in the State, it would ill become us to omit mention of the establishment carried on by Wm. H. Hawley, which although of but very recent inception has at once sprung into public favor. The premises occupied for the business are lo- cated at the corner of White and Ives streets and comprises two stores of the building measuring each 24x100 feet in dimensions. This business was established by its present proprietor in the fall of 1886. and through his native ability and perseverance has so rapidly in- creased that to day he controls a large wholesale and retail trade in all kinds of Drugs, Medicines and Chemicals. Mr. Hawley is a practical and thorough druggist and the public are assured that only pure and unadulterated drugs are here offered for sale. The extent to which this business has reached requires the employment of several very compe- tent assistants and the business, which is under the direct supervision of the proprietor, is most efficiently managed. Mr. Hawley is a native of Danbury. an edu- cated pharmacist whose intelligent fulfillment of all orders may be confidently relied upon. 186 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BANBURY. Dr. J. C. Whaley, Operative and Mechanical Dentist, over Hawley's Drug Store, Main Street. — No better illustration of the perfection which has been attained in dentistry can be found, than by an inspection of the establishmtnt conducted and managed by Dr. J. C. Whaley, operative and mechanical Dentist, which ever since its inception has been recognized as among the leading dental establishments in Danbury. This enterprise was founded in 1886 by its pres- ent proprietor and the premises utilized by him are now located over Mr. Hawley's drug store on Main street, opposite to the new City Hall. Dr. Whaley is a thoroughly practical dentist whose excellent work and skill displayed in the various branches of his art, has won for him a wide-spread reputation. His hours are from 8 a. m. to 6 p. m., and all in need of any assistance in this line will find him a dentist worthy their utmost confidence. Dr. Whaley is a native of Danbury, possessing a thorough knowledge of all the details of the dental art, being a graduate of the New York College of Dental Surgery. He has met with suc- cess and prosperity hitherto, which will doubt less continue so long as he remains engaged in this pursuit. Wooster House, Leonard & Co., Proprietors, corner Main and White Streets. — The Wooster is by general consent one of the most popular and eligibly located hotels in Danbury, being sit- uate midway between the railroad depots and in the business centre of the town. The hotel was first opened to the public thirty- five years ago, and until April last it was con- ducted by Mr. W. W. Raymond, since which time Messrs. Leonard & Co. have refurnished the house throughout and have thus greatly im- proved the establishment. Under the present regime the hotel has been made a model of ele- gance and convenience throughout. It is fur- nished with every modern improvement, and at prices charged there is not a more desirable hos- telry in New England. Seventy large sleeping rooms are furnished in the most elegant manner, and the cuisine and manner of service are supe- rior in every particular. An excellent bar and fine billiard room are features of the hotel, and the sample rooms provided for traveling salesmen, make this a popular stopping place for this class of trade. Messrs. W. H. Leonard, S. P. Booth & J. S. Bliss are the proprietors of this well conducted .hotel. It is under the immediate management of Mr. W. H. Leonard, a courteous, competent and popular host, whose pleasure consists in providing for the comfort and happiness of his guests. Mr. Bliss is the well known proprietor of the Turner House, one of the most favorite summer resorts of this section. Mr. Booth came to this city seven years ago from New York city, where he was connected with hotel interests of that city, but previous to that, he was five years here in the same hotel. He was born in this county and for ten years was with the City Hotel in Bridgeport. J. L. Day. Dealer in Fine Carriages, Wagons, Buggies, and Harness, Whips and Horse Goods generally, 260 Main street, opposite D. & N. R. R. Depot. — Experienced horsemen know how essential is a proper vehicle to enjoyment on the road, for not only the comfort of the rider but also that of the horse as well depends in a great measure on the character of the carriage which is used. Americans are noted for combining lightness with strength in many of their manufactured articles to a degree seldom if ever reached by makers of other nationalities, and in no special line of manufacture is this more strictly true than in that pertaining to vehicles, and particularly of those designed for pleasure purposes. The rage amongst a certain class for anything "English" has caused the importation of quite a number of English carriages, and the least observing of our readers can scarcely have failed to notice the difference between these lumbering contrivances and our light and neat carriages. Residents of Danbury or vicinity have an ex- cellent chance to inspect and procure the latest productions in this line as what is believed to be the largest stock of Carriages, W T agons, Buggies, etc., in Western Connecticut, is carried by Mr. J. L. Day at his establi-hmeut No. 260 Main street. This gentleman began business three years ago, and by the excellence of his goods and the low- ness of his prices has established a large and growing business. The store is 76x75 feet in dimensions, and con- tains in addition to the goods mentioned a fine assortment of Harness, Whips, Ladies' and Gen- tlemen's Riding Saddles and horse goods in gen- eral. All kiuds of Harness are made to order at reasonable prices. Mr. Day was born in this city, and is veryw T ell knowm here. I I University of Connecticut Libraries : .othiers, Outfitters, and Hatters. The finest Domestic and Foreign Fabrics in READY-MADE CLOTHING always in the Newest Fashions. CHILDREN'S CLOTHING A SPECIALTY. Novelties in Men's Outfitting^, consisting of DRESS and FLANNEL SHIRTS, UNDERWEAR, NECKWEAR, HOSIERY, SILIv UMBRELLAS, CANES, &©., &c, from the best Makers of all countries. ANDREW F. WEST, Manager. :. -'^jiww