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 U.S. ©EPOWTOSY 
 
 A REPORT BY THE LABOR MEMBERS 
 
 of the 
 
 NATIONAL COMMITTEE for the 
 
 CONSERVATION of MANPOWER in WAR INDUSTRIES 
 
 us. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 
 
 DIVISION OF LABOR StAND^KDS 
 
 
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LABOR MEMBERS 
 of the 
 
 NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR THE CONSEKVATION 
 OF MANPOWER IN WAR INDUSTRIES 
 
 JOHN P. COYNE, President, 
 Building and Construction Trades Department, American Federation of Labor 
 
 JOHN P. FREY, President, 
 Metal Trades Department, American Federation of Labor 
 
 CLINTON s. GOLDEN. Assistant to the President , 
 United Steel Workers of America 
 
 HERBERT w. PAYNE, Vice President , 
 Textile Workers Union of America 
 
 ERIC PETERSON, General Vice President, 
 International Association of Machinists 
 
 STANLEY RUTTENBERG. 
 Economic Division, Congress of Industrial Organizations 
 
Foreward 
 
 Industrial safety is of vital importance to organized labor. 
 
 An accident on the job always cuts into a worker's pay en- 
 velope; it may reduce his ability to earn a living for the rest of 
 his life; it may mean death. The best compensation law in the 
 country doesn't come anywhere near paying full wages. To the 
 skilled worker^ even a "minor" injury can mean the loss of a skill 
 acquired through many years of training and experience; the man 
 who was a skilled mechanic may have to take a job as a watchman — 
 if he can get one. 
 
 NoWj in wartime, a disabling accident puts the victim on the 
 sidelines, unable to pitch in on the job of defeating enemies who 
 would deprive him of every right he has gained as an American and 
 a union member. 
 
 Labor representatives on the National Committee for the 
 Conservation of Manpower in War Industries are calling on workers 
 and their unions all over the country to play a major role in the 
 campaign against work accidents. The Secretary of Labor appointed 
 this Committee to enlist the voluntary services of trained safety 
 men all over the country, and to awaken labor and industry to the 
 special need for industrial safety in the war effort. Imple- 
 menting the Committee's work are the continuing services of the 
 Division of Labor Standards, United States Department of Labor, 
 which daily works with labor on important safety problems. 
 
 In this report the Committee's labor representatives indicate 
 briefly the seriousness of the industrial accident problem, point 
 out specific action unions can take to combat industrial acci- 
 dents, and show how they can secure assistance in this action. 
 
 it'as hi ng to n, D. C . 
 September, 19^2 
 
THE WHITE HOUSE 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 October 17, 1941 
 
 The Honorable 
 
 The Secretary of Labor 
 
 My dear Miss Perkins: 
 
 The urgency of our production needs under the de- 
 fense program cannot help but deepen concern over the 
 disclosure that work accidents in 1940 caused an aggre- 
 gate time loss of close to one and one half billion 
 man hours. 
 
 Aside from the heavy social burden thus inflicted 
 upon workers and their families, and the money loss oc- 
 casioned to management, this staggering wastage of ef- 
 fective manpower seriously slows up plant output today 
 when quick delivery of equipment and supplies is so 
 vitally essential to our security. 
 
 That is why I am gratified to know that under the 
 leadership of your Department, the National Committee 
 for the Conservation of Manpower in Defense Industries 
 is going forward vigorously with a nation-wide program 
 to curtail work accidents. It is reassuring to observe 
 that management and labor are collaborating in an es- 
 sentially voluntary project, through which a practical 
 safety service is supplied directly and continuously to 
 all contractors engaged on Govei-rment orders. 
 
 I trust that employers everywhere will cooperate 
 fully with your National Committee, and that every mem- 
 ber of our great industrial army will actively partici- 
 pate in a campaign for safety in defense production. 
 
 Sincerely yours. 
 
 "/7u^^Jl^4f/fl**JiUi^<£^ 
 
FROM THE RECORD- - 
 THE SERIOUSNESS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS TO WORKERS 
 
 War means death and Injury on the production front as well as on the 
 battlefield. 
 
 You might expect that accidents would increase at the same rate as em- 
 ployment. But during times of rapid expansion of production, accidents 
 tend to increase much more rapidly than employment. New workers, over- 
 crowded workshops, long hours, pressure for increased output, new chemical 
 processes--all of the developments which have marked our defense and war 
 production efforts — have swelled the flood of industrial accidents. 
 
 The number of accidents in 1940 and 1941 compared with those in 1939, 
 the last full year before the National Defense Program, shows what it has 
 cost us in industrial manpower to arm against the Axis; 
 
 THE DEAD 
 
 1939 16,400 
 
 1940 18,100 
 
 1941 19,200 
 
 THE UME, THE HALT, AND THE BLIND 
 
 1939 
 1940 
 1941 
 
 THE INCAPACITATED 
 
 109,400 
 
 89,600 
 
 100,600 
 
 1939 . 
 
 . 1,477,700 
 
 1940 . 
 
 . 1,782,000 
 
 1941 . 
 
 . 2,060,400 
 
 Every worker is a potential casualty, one of the more than 2 million 
 who are injured every year. And when a worker is injured he faces the risk 
 that he may be one of the thousands who die each year from industrial acci- 
 dents. When a man is injured at work, the extent of that injury, whether 
 it is a scratch or a lost arm, a serious injury or death, is largely a 
 matter of chance. The only sure protection is to prevent the injury-- 
 before it occurs. 
 
 Management has the duty of providing a safe workplace. But that alone 
 cannot stop injuries. Labor must cooperate if injuries are to be held down 
 to a minimum. That cooperation means that every man and woman employed 
 must be everlastingly careful to work safely, to follow safety rules, to 
 use protective equipment. It means, too, that he must be alert to dangers 
 which require management attention and see that those dangers are reported 
 to management, either directly or through a procedure established by labor- 
 management agreement. Labor must play an increasingly important part in 
 accident prevention. The services of the National Committee and the U. S. 
 Department of Labor will enable labor to do an effective job. 
 
LABOR SAFETY SERVICE 
 
 HOW LABOR CAN PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN INDUSTRIAL SAFETY 
 
 Safety is simple in principle but requires considerable technical 
 detail in application. Through the U. S. Department of Labor's National 
 Committee and its Division of Labor Standards, safety experts are avail- 
 able to assist local unions in studying hazards and developing safety 
 activity. Here are a few activities which unions might profitably 
 undertake, together with an inkling of how to go about the job. 
 
 CHECKING ON SAFETY CONDITIONS IN LOCAL PLANTS 
 
 Labor's Role 
 
 The man on the job or at the machine Is usually best informed as to 
 its dangers. Union members should be continually alert to uncover work 
 hazards in their plants and shops. 
 
 To assist members in spotting hazards, local unions should have key 
 men, such as shop stewards, trained in the basic methods of industrial 
 safety. With such training these men will be more alert to hazardous 
 conditions and will have some idea of the type of action needed to 
 remedy the condition. They can call to the attention of management both 
 the hazard and the suggested remedy either directly or through a pro- 
 cedure established by collective agreement. 
 
 How TO GO About the Job 
 
 In plants which have no organized safety program, the special 
 agents of the Department of Labor are interested in learning of the ex- 
 istence of actual or potential hazards, so that they may assist in 
 calling them to the attention of management and in obtaining effective 
 action. 
 
 The Department of Labor's National Committee can also help unions 
 to give their key men the basic training needed to play a leading part 
 
LABOR SAFETY SERVICE 
 
 in safety. The Department, jointly with the United States Office of 
 Education, is sponsoring safety training courses conducted by loc; 
 engineering colleges in war-production centers. 
 
 The courses consist of 96 hours of instruction and related wor) 
 usually given in two 3-hour sessions each week over a period of 1 
 weeks. The United States Office of Education defrays all costs, otht 
 than the nominal charge for text material. 
 
 The classes are usually held in locations convenient to workers 1 
 war plants. 
 
 The instructors are experts in industrial safety, in many case 
 serving also as special agents of the Committee In its direct contac 
 with war plants. 
 
 Entrance requirements are decided by the local college. Since th 
 course is Intended for practical men in production jobs, the educationa 
 requirement is usually limited to a high school education or its equiva 
 lent in shop experience. 
 
 Information on how to apply for these courses may be obtained bj 
 writing either to the National Committee for the Conservation of Man- 
 power in War Industries, Division of Labor Standards, U. S. Department 
 of Labor, Washington, D. C, or to a regional safety consultant of the 
 Committee. A map of the Committee's regions, together with the names 
 and addresses of regional consultants is listed on the back cover. 
 
LABOR SAFETY SERVICE 
 
 CHECKING ON POTENTIAL HAZARDS IN NEW PROCESSES 
 Labor's Role 
 
 The war has brought to industry many new substances and processes. 
 Workers usually are the first to know when such developments lead to in- 
 dustrial disease. 
 
 Labor has a responsibility to bring such symptoms to the attention 
 of experts who can give technical assistance in preventing the disease. 
 
 How TO GO About the Job 
 
 The Department of Labor through its Division of Labor Standards can 
 provide unions with the free consultant services of some of the country's 
 foremost industrial hygienists to help in solving industrial disease 
 problems. These experts may be able to give the assistance needed from 
 information already in existence. If no body of knowledge exists on the 
 subject, an original study may be undertaken for use by the union which 
 made the request and by labor and management in other plants facing the 
 same problem. 
 
 Here is how the Department of Labor, at union request. Is helping 
 to prevent disease in the synthetic rubber industry, which produces such 
 important war accessories as barrage balloons and self-sealing gasoline 
 tanks. 
 
 This industry has had to find substitutes for toluol, now limited 
 to the manufacture of munitions. Toluol substitutes, particularly 
 benzol, caused death and disease early in 1942 in a number of plants 
 processing synthetic rubber. Complaints began coming in to Washington 
 from local unions in various parts of the country. Apprehension among 
 the workers in one Akron plant resulted in an appeal for immediate action 
 to the War Production Board. 
 
 The War Production Board called upon the Department of Labor to 
 handle the Job. Union, management, and Government representatives, as 
 
LABOR SAFETY SERVICE 
 
 well as industrial hygienists and physicians of national repute were 
 called together. This group visited plants and surveyed conditions 
 where the hazards existed. Their work had the immediate effect of dis- 
 pelling fear and furthering the correction of hazards. 
 
 This group has laid the ground work for a series of publications 
 devoted to brief and practical treatment of each of the various health 
 hazards involved In the fabrication of synthetic rubber articles and the 
 means of controlling these hazards. The final result of the work will 
 be the reduction of the hazards to which workers in one important war 
 industry are exposed. 
 
 Another example of this type of service is to be found in the Labor 
 Standards Division's Special Bulletin No. 5 Control of Veiding Hazards 
 in Defense Industries. Early in 1941 the National Committee received a 
 request from the bollerraakers ' union for an analysis of welding hazards 
 and suggestions concerning their effective control. The bulletin on the 
 control of welding hazards represents the response to this request. It 
 is largely the work of Mr. Drinker of Harvard, supplemented by as- 
 sistence by safety experts of the Division and a survey of disabilities 
 and deaths among welders conducted by the union. The publication has 
 been widely used by the union, by special agents of the committee in 
 plants employing welders, and by vocational schools training welders. 
 
 FORMATION OF SAFETY COMMITTEES 
 
 Plant, departmental, and shop safety committees are a common part 
 of industrial safety organization. They have always proved most ef- 
 fective when workers are represented. Advocacy of safety committees 
 representing labor and management is one of the most important steps 
 that can be taken by a union which has not already done so to further 
 the safety of its members on the job. 
 
LABOR SAFETY SERVICE 
 
 The Department of Labor can provide, for the guidance of unions, 
 examples of how joint safety committees have been set up and are functioning 
 effectively. 
 
 SAFETY CLAUSES IN BARGAINING AGREEMENTS 
 
 Safety clauses in union contracts can be very useful in improving 
 plant working conditions. While many union contracts include references 
 to safety, few of them at present contain effective safety clauses. 
 Unions should move now to provide in their agreements for joint safety 
 committees and the machinery to correct specific plant safety and health 
 hazards. 
 
 Experts available through the Department of Labor will be glad to 
 help unions in analyzing industry hazards. 
 
 STRENGTHENING STATE SAFETY LAWS 
 AND THEIR ENFORCEMENT 
 
 Labor's efforts have put State safety laws on the statute books for 
 the protection of workers. Labor should study the quality of these laws 
 and of their enforcement. 
 
 The Department of Labor is prepared to help unions in analyzing the 
 effectiveness of legislation, rules, and inspection, and in Improving 
 them to conform to recognized standards. 
 
LABOR SAFETY SERVICE 
 
 PUBLICATIONS OF SPECIAL INTEREST TO LABOR 
 
 Labor and Safety on fhe Job 
 
 m Nafional Defense 
 
 United States Department of Labor 
 
 Division of LobQr Stondords 
 
 1940 
 
 What Unions Can Do 
 
 The foregoing pages contain some of the many 
 things that the individual worker can do in order to 
 prevent accidents. Workers acting together through 
 their labor organizations can carry on further safety 
 activities. Some of these are given below: 
 
 1. Each local should have a safety committee to 
 protect the worker on the job. If more than one 
 plant is covered by the local, there should be a com- 
 mittee or at least a safety committeeman in each plant 
 and on each shift. 
 
 2. Each union should build up its fund of safety 
 knowledge, so that it can furnish its members with 
 information as to work conditions that may cause 
 injury or health impairment and on the methods of 
 preventing such injury. If you need more informa- 
 tion on particular industrial, safety, or health prob- 
 lems, write the Division of Labor Standards, United 
 Stales Department of Labor, Washington. 
 
 3. Each union, through cKise cooperation with the 
 State labor and inspection departments can help bring 
 about safer working conditions. 
 
 4- In negotiating union agreements each local can 
 play an important part in safety through including in 
 the agreement definite provisions as to safe and health- 
 ful working conditions to be provided by the enjployer. 
 
 The Department of Labor's Division of Labor Standards has published 
 this 12-page booklet especially for distribution through unions. It 
 contains 6 pages of tips to workers on how to work safely and one page 
 is devoted to "What Unions Can Do." 
 
 For information and assistance in working out procedures, the re- 
 search and consultant facilities of the Department of Labor are available, 
 
LABOR SAFETY SERVICE 
 
 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE LEAFLETS 
 
 This series of leaflets, most of them only four pages, is designed 
 to acquaint workers with health hazards connected with various types of 
 industrial processes. Each leaflet takes up the following items in con- 
 nection with a specific occupational disease or poisoning: 
 
 1. The types of work at which men are exposed to the disease 
 
 or poison. 
 
 2. How the disease or poison occurs. 
 
 3. Warning signs - symptoms of the disease. 
 
 4. Remedial action to be taken when the warning signs appear. 
 
 5. What management can do to prevent the disease. 
 
 6. What workers can do to prevent the disease. 
 
 There are 20 leaflets in the series, with more to be added in the 
 future. The series is known as the "Industrial Health Series." The 
 leaflets, with their identifying numbers and titles are: 
 
 1. Industrial Skin Diseases (Dermatoses) 
 
 2. Anthraco-Silicosis 
 
 3. Arsenic Poisoning 
 
 4. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 
 
 5. Chromium Poisoning 
 
 6. Mercury Poisoning 
 
 7. Lead Poisoning 
 
 8. Benzol (Benzene) Poisoning 
 
 9. Silicosis 
 
 10. Wood Alcohol Poisoning 
 
 11. Chlorinated Solvents 
 
 12. Carbon Bisulphide Poisoning 
 
 13. Carbon Dioxide Asphyxiation 
 
 14. Nitrous Fumes Poisoning 
 
 15. Metal Fume Fever 
 
 16. Ammonia Poisoning 
 
 17. Manganese Poisoning 
 
 18. Injury from Acids and Alkalies 
 
 19. Hydrogen Sulphide Poisoning 
 
 20. Anthrax 
 
 The first leaflet in the series is reproduced on the opposite page. 
 
LABOR SAFETY SERVICE 
 
 Occupational Diseases Cause Human Waste 
 
 THE CAUSES 
 AND PRE\ ENTION OF 
 
 INDUSTRIAL SKIN DISEASES 
 
 (Dermatosej) 
 
 INDt'STRIAL HE.\LTH SERIES 
 No. 1 
 
 Dirislon of Labor Staodarda 
 
 U. S. Department of Labor 
 
 19» 
 
 WHAT TG DO ABOUT IT 
 
 On any sign of skin disofder, ao roattCT how slifht it 
 ■emu. con»ult b doctor. Do oot attempt to treat 
 your»elf : to do ao may make mattera worse and require 
 a longer time to heal. Caaes should be reported to the 
 State labor department to that conditions may be cor- 
 rected to protect other workers 
 
 Remember that ear/y diacovery and ear^y treatment 
 make for a shorter and m^ore curaUe lickoeaa. Late 
 or neglected ikin diacase may develop into a dangeroua 
 illneM with much unneeeaaary discomfort. DON 'T 
 WAIT UNTIL THE DAMAGE IS DONE! 
 
 PRETENTION 
 It U Recommended that Emptoyeri Should^ 
 
 1. Reduce costacts or irritants to the skin of workeri 
 
 as Car as poaaible. 
 
 2. Eliminate dust by effective exhaust ventilation at 
 
 the poiats of origin. 
 
 3. Have a phjrsician perform patch tests on workers 
 
 before allowing them to oae potentially irritating 
 substance*. Sensitive workers should be placed at 
 other work. 
 
 4. Const&ntly and cootinoalty emphasize personal 
 
 cleanliness to the workers. Provide adequate 
 washing aiKi bathing facilities and individual 
 loekers. Encourage change of clothes for work. 
 Education in deanlincas prerenta many unneces- 
 sary cn a es . 
 
 5. Provide gloves, aprons, boots, and other protective 
 
 equipment when it is feasible to use them. 
 
 6. Instruct workers in hazards of the substances 
 
 handled. 
 
 7. Obtain medical and chemical advice on the best 
 
 protective meaaorea (such as ointments, etc.) for 
 apeciJie irritants and see that they arc used. 
 
 (3) 
 
 mOUSTBIAL SOURCES 
 
 Skin diseases resulting from industrial exposure may 
 occur in aimost any field o( work. Any foreign sub- 
 stance can be irritating if it is in continuous contact 
 with the akin. Skin irritations most ftequcntly result 
 from poisonous or irritating chemicals, greases, heat. 
 cold, dnst, friction, plants, and infections. 
 
 HOW SKIN DISEASES OCCUR 
 
 1. Oil and grease may injure the skin by blocking the 
 
 pores and hair foUictea and introducing infection 
 therein. 
 
 2. Chemical irritants or caustic agents may harm the 
 
 skin directly. 
 
 3. Substances, such as naphtha, petroleum, or benzol, 
 
 that dissolve and remove the natural oil of the 
 skin, are injurious. 
 
 4. Infections of the skin may arise from hides, wastes, 
 
 arul other materials containing disease-producing 
 germs. 
 
 5. Scratching, brushing, or constant rubbing of the skin 
 
 injures it end opens the way for infection. 
 
 6. There are great differences between people: in some 
 
 the skin is easily irritated by contacts quite harm- 
 less to others. 
 
 WARNING SIGNS OF INDUSTRIAL SKIN DISEASE 
 
 These are ao varied that it is impossible to list them 
 all. Early irritations are usually shown by a little 
 reddening ot the skin, with itching and bunting. 
 Blister*, swellings, and frequent boils may be the hrst 
 signs of industrial skin disease. These signs are usually 
 hmited to exposed parts of the skin. 
 
 M95dS*- 
 
 <2) 
 
 It Is Recommended that Workers Should— 
 
 1. Keep the skio as clean as possible. 
 
 2. Remove oils and greases with thorough washing. 
 
 3. Avoid u n n e c es sary contact with irritating substances 
 
 and solvents which remove the natural otl of the 
 
 4. Avoid self- treatment. See a doctor, for each case 
 
 requires different treatment. 
 
 5. Apply for first aid for any cut or break in the akin, 
 
 no matter bow slight. 
 
 6. Report any akin sy mp t o ms proaiptly. 
 
 7. Wear glove*, aprooa, and other protective equipment 
 
 provided. Use protective ointments supplied. 
 
 8. Remember that deanfincss is one of the best safe- 
 
 guards against infection of the skin. 
 
 IndvMiial Heattb la Your Problem 
 
 Apply These PrliKrlples For Safety 
 
 <4) 
 
10 LABOR SAFETY SERVICE 
 
 HOW TO SECURE THESE SERVICES AND PUBLICATIONS 
 
 The technical services that the Department of Labor offers through 
 Its Division of Labor Standards, the National Committee for the Conser- 
 vation of Manpower in War Industries, and its country-wide organization 
 of top-flight safety men furnishes local unions an unequalled oppor- 
 tunity for developing sound safety programs of their own. Through these 
 programs unions help their members by protecting their lives, limbs, 
 health, and earning capacity. Through them, too, unions can render 
 great wartime service to their country, by helping to hold down the loss 
 of skilled manpower, time, and materials caused by industrial accidents. 
 The need for this service is imperative now. Its value will far outlast 
 the present emergency. 
 
 To secure further information, publications, or direct service, get 
 in touch with (1) the Division of Labor Standards, U. S. Department of 
 Labor, Washington, D. C, (2) any one of the six labor representatives 
 of the National Committee listed on the inside front cover; or (3) the 
 regional safety consultant in your own section of the country, whose 
 name and address appears on the back cover. 
 
SAFETY YARDSTICKS 
 
 Here are two yardsticks to measure the accident record of your 
 plant: accident frequency and accident severity. Accident frequency 
 indicates the number of disabling injuries per million man-hours of 
 exposure. Accident severity measures the number of days lost per 
 thousand man-hours of exposure. 
 
 Does management in your plant compute accident frequency and acci- 
 dent severity? If so, you can tell how your plant measures up to others 
 in your Industry. Listed below are frequency and severity rates in 
 various industrial classifications based upon reports of members of the 
 National Safety Council during 1941. They represent somewhat better 
 than the general average experience of American industry. 
 
 191^1 
 
 FREQUENCY 
 
 
 
 SEVERITY 
 
 
 Disabling Injuries 
 
 
 Days Lost Per 
 
 
 Per 1,000,000 Man- 
 
 -Hours 
 
 
 1,000 Man-Hours 
 
 
 Tobacco 
 
 3.23 
 
 .20 
 
 Tobacco 
 
 
 Cement 
 
 5.99 
 
 .30 
 
 Aeronautics 
 
 
 Steel 
 
 7.02 
 
 .35 
 
 Printing and Publish 
 
 ing 
 
 Glass 
 
 7.37 
 
 .50 
 
 Glass 
 
 
 Aeronautics 
 
 7.40 
 
 .53 
 
 Textile 
 
 
 Automobile 
 
 7.49 
 
 .62 
 
 Rubber 
 
 
 Rubber 
 
 8.10 
 
 .64 
 
 Automobile 
 
 
 Chemical 
 
 9.48 
 
 .79 
 
 Machinery 
 
 
 Laundry 
 
 9.79 
 
 .82 
 
 Tanning and Leather 
 
 
 Printing and Publishing 
 
 9.87 
 
 .83 
 
 Sheet Metal 
 
 
 Textile 
 
 10.23 
 
 1.04 
 
 Woodwork 
 
 
 Machinery 
 
 10.66 
 
 1.15 
 
 Laundry 
 
 
 Petroleum 
 
 11.78 
 
 1.16 
 
 Transit 
 
 
 Public Utility 
 
 12.70 
 
 1.30 
 
 Food 
 
 
 Nonferrous Metals 
 
 13.17 
 
 1.30 
 
 Chemical 
 
 
 Sheet Metal 
 
 14.37 
 
 1.30 
 
 Metal Products 
 
 
 Transit 
 
 14.99 
 
 1.33 
 
 Clay Products 
 
 
 All Industries 
 
 15.39 
 
 1.33 
 
 Foundry 
 
 
 Meat Packing 
 
 15.70 
 
 1.42 
 
 Meat Packing 
 
 
 Tanning and Leather 
 
 15.88 
 
 1.44 
 
 Petroleum 
 
 
 Food 
 
 16.16 
 
 1.53 
 
 All Industries 
 
 
 Metal Products 
 
 16.61 
 
 1.61 
 
 Marine 
 
 
 Paper and Pulp 
 
 17.37 
 
 1.63 
 
 Nonferrous Metals 
 
 
 Quarry 
 
 17.96 
 
 1.66 
 
 Public Utility 
 
 
 Foundry 
 
 21.27 
 
 1.66 
 
 Paper and Pulp 
 
 
 Woodworking 
 
 22.44 
 
 1.75 
 
 Steel 
 
 
 Marine 
 
 22.82 
 
 1.92 
 
 Refrigeration 
 
 
 Construction 
 
 27.11 
 
 2.22 
 
 Cement 
 
 
 Clay Products 
 
 30.82 
 
 2.42 
 
 Construction 
 
 
 Refrigeration 
 
 37.59 
 
 3.71 
 
 Quarry 
 
 
 Mining 
 
 38.90 
 
 5.19 
 
 Lumbering 
 
 
 Lumbering 
 
 52.45 
 
 9.42 
 
 Mining 
 
 
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 
 
 3 1262 08860 0373 
 
 Regional Map 
 
 National Committee for Conservation of Manpower 
 in War Industries 
 
 Regional Consultants 
 
 Region 
 
 1. John W. Welch, 80 Federal St., Boston, Mass. 
 
 2. James G. Aldrich, 350 Madison Ave., New York City. 
 
 3. William G. Marks, 12 Ham Bldg., Greensboro, N. C. 
 
 4. Milton W. Bowman, 207 Republic Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 5. James M. Cobb, c/o John D. Petree, Alabama Department of 
 
 Industrial Relations, Montgomery, Ala. 
 
 6. John M. Sandel, Rm. 620, 220 S. State St., Chicago, 111. 
 
 7. Rufus W. Owe, I, 300 Keller Bldg., Houston, Tex. 
 
 8. Royal H. Ivory, 200 Bush St., Rm. 1009, San Francisco, Calif. 
 
 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1942 O - 496869