mPrL'\ll> ^ 
 
 I 
 
 NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS 
 
 WARTIME REPORT 
 
 ORIGINALLY ISSUED 
 
 March l^kk as 
 Memorandum Report 
 
 FORCE TESTS OF A I/5 -SCALE MODEL OF THE 
 TYPE GB-5 COHTROLLABLE GLIDE BOMB 
 By Marvin Pitkin 
 
 Langlej Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory 
 Langley Field, Va. 
 
 N AC A ^ 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 NACA WAP.TIME REPORTS are reprints of papers originally issued to provide rapid distribution of 
 advance research results to an authorized group requiring them for the war effort. They were pre- 
 viously held under a security status but are now unclassified. Some of these reports were not tech- 
 nically edited. All have been reproduced without change in order to expedite general distribution. 
 
 L - 133 
 
 DOCUMENTS DEPARTMENT 
 
Digitized by tiie Internet Archive 
 
 in 2011 witli funding from 
 
 University of Florida, George A. Smathers Libraries with support from LYRASIS and the Sloan Foundation 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/forcetestsof15sc00lang 
 
7// 2^5 !>7 
 
 NATTCNAL ADVI'^GPY CC^'MITTEE t^'OR AF.RONAUTICS 
 
 IvIFKORAyPU^.^ REPOR T 
 
 for the 
 
 Army Air Forces, Materiel Conmand 
 
 FORCE TESTS OF A l/S-SCALE MOD^IL OP T^IE 
 
 TYPE G3-5 CO-ITROLLaDIE (-LIDE BCI.IB 
 
 By I.'Iarvin Pitkin 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 At the request of the Array Air Forces, Materiel 
 Connand, the NACA i? as'^lsting In the development of 
 a t^'pe 070-5 controllable glide bomb equipped with a 
 "target-seeking" device. Tn order to reea^ure the 
 stability and control characteristics of the borrb in 
 its original condition and with various modifications 
 a l/5-scale model ha? been tested on the fix-component 
 balance in the free-flio-ht tunnel. The terts included 
 the development of suitable means for altering the 
 effective dihedral and the directional stability by 
 simple structural modifications, the development of a 
 device capable of altering the lift-drag ratio of the 
 bomb without changing the angle of attack, and the 
 mieasurement of the rolling- and yawirg-moment charac- 
 teristics of the aileron^. The results of these tests 
 arc presented herein. 
 
 Force te^ts were made f^r 12 different vertical- 
 tail configurations end the effect of s i:c different 
 sets of wing-tip end plates upon the effective dihedral 
 characteristics of the m.odel was studied. The influence 
 of two sets of spoilers, tv;o sets of double-split 
 rudders, one set of double-split flaps, and five sets 
 of split flaps upon the 15ft-drag characteristics of 
 the m.odel was investigated and the characteristics of 
 the beveled-nose , pla: n-f lap-type ailerons were obtained. 
 Most of the tests were m„ade at an angle of attack of 8'' 
 which corresponded to the launching angle of the full- 
 scale bomb. 
 
SYI'fDOI 
 
 a angle of actack '^f bonb cjnter line, der.rse; 
 
 v|/ pngle oi yaw, d'-->gre3.s 
 
 Ct lift coefficient 
 
 -D 
 
 /T ±xi u cot^ 1 ^u j.dn.^ 7; ? 
 
 C-p drag coefficient 
 
 £q,;2 
 
 <i 
 
 -SV" 
 
 r, "4 ^^' ^ ^-. . 4. Pitching nomen t 
 Cjv, "oitching-moment coefiicient p — r 
 
 Cj rollinr-n.on<^nt coefficient L2lf:RB.JI^2l^Ill 
 
 fsvSb 
 
 ^ -- , -, „ ■.^' ' u Lateral force 
 
 Cy lateral-force cosificp.ant 
 
 P 2 
 
 n ' jr.^' ' ^ Ys.v.'la'y romant 
 Cj^ yawing-rricmsat coefficient 'o^^~ 
 
 C7, effectlve-dihedrd narameter, rate of chan.n;e of 
 
 '^ ' /dC 
 
 rolling-moment coefficient with an^-le of yav/ ( 
 
 C directional-stability para'-neter, rate of change of 
 
 •^ yawlng-'norent coefficient with angle of 
 
 /■^dCj^N 
 
 L/d lilt over drag ratio 
 
 p density of air, slugs per cubic foot 
 
 S wing area, square feet 
 
 V true airspeed, feet rer second 
 
 b wing soan, foet 
 
 c wing chord, feet 
 
 
control deflection, degrees, v/ith subscripts as 
 
 follows : 
 
 f 
 
 flap 
 
 e 
 
 elevator 
 
 r 
 
 rudder 
 
 a 
 
 aileron 
 
 APPARATUS AND I/ETHODS 
 
 Wind tu nnel.- The tests v;ere made in the free- 
 flight tiumel, a coiriDlete description of which is given 
 in reference 1. The free-flight-tunnel balance, upon 
 v/hich the tests were made, is a six-component balance 
 which so rotates v/ith the model in yaw that all forces 
 and moments are measured v/ith respect to the stability 
 axes. A photograph of the l/5-scale model of the glide 
 bomb mounted inverted on this balance is given in fig- 
 ure 1. A more complete description of this balance and 
 its operation is given in reference 2. 
 
 Model .- The model v/as supplied by the Materiel 
 Command, Army Air Forces and v;as prepared for balance 
 testing by the installation of a standard mounting plate 
 used to attach models to the balance strut. A three - 
 view drawing of the model is given in figure 2, photo- 
 graphs of the model as it was originally received are 
 shown in figure 3. 
 
 Sketches of the wing- tip end plates used in the 
 tests are presented in figure 4 and sketches of the 
 various vertical tails tested are given in figures 5 
 and 6. The aileron system tested is also shov/n in 
 figure 6. Figure 7 shows sketches of the various glide - 
 path controls investigated in the tests. 
 
 Te 5 1 C O nd i t i on s . - All of the force tests v/ere run 
 at a dynamic pressure of 4,09 pounds per squai'e foot 
 which corresponds to an airspeed of about 40 miles per 
 hour at standard sea-level conditions and to a test 
 Reynolds number of 204,000 based on the mean chord of 
 0.55 foot. The mom.ents and forces measured on the 
 
4 
 
 balance ware transfsrred co the cent3r-of-gravlt7 loo; 
 tion "belo'.;/ the BS-percent chcrd line at a rilstance 
 B-percent chord ahove the centei' line of the borib. 
 
 TEST PRCCEnUPE 
 
 The test prGg;rari v/as so laid o^;t that all of the 
 stability changes co-j.ld be obtained by simple structural 
 modification of the i^lide boinb. This limitation was 
 deeraed. necessary in order to permit full use to be made 
 of fi;ll-scale borr.b units already manuf act^^red. A 
 preliminary analysis of the stability requirements for 
 a controlled glide bomb indicated th'j desirability of 
 being able to obtain a range of values of the effective- 
 dihedral narameter C? , and the dii'ectional-stabilitv 
 
 parameter Cp_ from the values for the bomb as orl- 
 
 ginally received down to sero. The test Drogram was 
 laid out, therefore, in such a manner that any desired 
 val\ies of these stability ivaramoters could be obtained 
 by a selection cf the proper end plates and vertical 
 tai]. size. A special effort was made to find a combina- 
 tion of surfaces that v/ould yield a value of Hi , of 
 
 0.00030 and Cn,,^ of -0.00013 because calculations had 
 
 indicated that this combination of derivatives m.ight 
 yield good fli<7ht characteristics with a rudder control. 
 
 The directional stability of the bomb was reduced 
 by tv;o different methods. One' was the reduction of area 
 on the existing tall booms and v;as accomplished simoly 
 by removing one of the tails or by rem.oving portioxis 
 from the top and bottom of the tails, keeping the chord 
 constant, as shown in figure 5, to form tails 1 to 11. 
 The second method was the addition of tail area on 
 forward bcom.s to form tail 12 on figure 6. This arrange- 
 ment was tested because it v;ould result in greater 
 damping in yav/. 
 
 For each vertical-tail and end-plate arrangement, 
 the rolling moment, yawing moment, and lateral force 
 due to yaw were determined. 
 
 The rolling and yawing moments produced by the 
 ailerons v;erc measured for the right aileron alone 
 
deflected np and down -"arloTi.E amounts. The moments for 
 simultaneous deflection of "both ailerons rnny be obtained 
 by suiinatlon of the inon.ents for the up and the dovrn 
 deflections . 
 
 The goal of the glide "path control tests v/as to 
 develop a device v.-hich would change the l/d ratio froiii 
 7 to without altering a r^lven angle of attack or 
 elevator setting. A -'^urthor prov?*.so was that it should 
 be possible for some setting of this device to obtain a 
 lift coefficient of 0.64, a' condition correspondinn to 
 the most suitable launching speed of the bomb. Although 
 it was obvious that only lift-decreasing devices could 
 reduce the L/E ratio to zero, tests were laade of 
 several devices operating wholly on drag-increasing 
 principles in tho h.oce that their simolicity of operation 
 would offset their inability to produce an l/d ratio of 
 zero. 
 
 R?]SULTS AND DISCTJCSION 
 Effect of End Plates on Dihedral Parameter 
 
 The use of vertical end-plate area butted to the 
 ends of the v;lngs as shown in figure 4 was found to be 
 an effective and simple means of altering the dihedral 
 para.Tieter C 7,^, . The effect of end plates 1, 5, 4, 
 
 and 5, v/hich extended wholly below the lower surface 
 of the wing, upon the static lateral-stability charac- 
 teristics, is sho^vn in firure S and the variations 
 
 of Ct,,, with vertical end-olate area are suni'iarized 
 •J 
 
 in fi~a:"e 9. These data indicate tl^at the effective- 
 dihedral parameter C7 , was reduced al-iost directly 
 
 proportionally to the amount of verticil area added 
 below the wing at the wirg tip. The action of the 
 vertical end plates in reducing the effective dihedral 
 inuGt be entirely ascribed to the restrictions imposed 
 by these areas n^or^ the cross-flov; conditions around 
 the vving tips. This v/as indicated by calculations which 
 showed tiiat the rol].ing-noment contribution of the end 
 plates as isolated r.erodynamic surfaces v/as not only 
 very small but was such as to increase the effective 
 dihedral because the resviltant center of pressure of 
 the aerodynamic loads on the end plates tested is above 
 the centjr of gravity. 
 
The action of the upoer-surf ace end plates 2 upon 
 the effective -dihedral paraneter Cj. is siiown in 
 
 figure 10. These data indicate tliat adding end-plate 
 area above the sui'-face of the wing acts oopositely to 
 adding area belov/ the wing and consequently increased ^'l,u' 
 
 The larf:;e reducbion o;*^ C7 initially- caused by lov»3r- 
 
 surface end plates 1 was alriost completely nullified by 
 the addition of the s'naller end-plate surfaces 2. 
 
 Effect of Vertical-Tail Arrangement 
 Upon, Directional Stability 
 
 The effect of the twin-tail designs 1 throu;~h 4 
 upon the lateral-stability characteristics of the model 
 at 8° angle of at^.ack are shown in figure 11. The 
 results of the tests conducted with the asyr-n.-ietrically 
 located sinr3le-vertical tail designs 5 through 8 are 
 presented in figure 12. Although the lateral-force 
 and yav/ing -moment data presented In figures 11 and 12 
 are consistent, the rolling-moment data of these fig- 
 ures are erratic and do not agree with the corresponding 
 data of the no-end-plate rijii of figure B which were 
 obtained at 6° angle of attack. The rolllng-n'.omont 
 data oj? figures 11 and 12 were believed erratic because 
 of premature v/ing stalling caused by tha lov/ scale of 
 the tests; therefore, the remaining directional- 
 stability tests were conducted chiefly at an an:n:le of 
 attack of 6°. Tlie results o •'' figure 12 also indicated 
 that the sln^'le-tail designs caused unsyrnmetrical yav/ing- 
 moment characteristics with yaw and, hence, v/ould cause 
 unsatisfactory flight behavior. This point is illustrated 
 in figii.re 17) in which are presented yawing-moment data 
 for twin tails and for tails located on the left or 
 right of the stabilizer. 
 
 The resiilts of figures 11 and 12 are surmiarized in 
 
 figure 14 in which is shown the variation of the 
 
 dlrectional-stabilitv parameter On, with ver^tical- 
 
 \j/ 
 
 tail area aft of the center of gravity. These data 
 
 indicated that a twin-tail design of fchree-eirhths tho 
 
 area of tail 1 would probably create the desired value 
 
 of Cn of -O.OvOOie. The -3 suits of tests made 'fith 
 
a vertical tail cf this ciz3 (tail 11) and v;ith lower 
 and plates 6 are shown in fl'?'ure 15. These and plates 
 were selected on the basi? of the results presented in 
 figure 9 which indicated that the end plates of 
 18.5-parceat wing- area would pi-ovide the desired value 
 r>f Cj, of 0.00030, The results ol firure 15 indicate 
 
 that the desired specifications for C^ , and C ■, , were 
 
 met at 6*^ an.rle of attack with these vertical tails and 
 end plates installed. 
 
 The variation of the latei al-stabllity cxjeracteris tics 
 with an'-le of attack of the model equipped with end plates 6 
 and V3rtical tails 11 is shown in figure 16. These results 
 indicated that there was cOiisiderable variatlrn of Cn., 
 
 with anjle of attacV: and that when the specified value 
 of Cn.i, was obtained at 6° angle of attack, the value 
 
 i^f Cn,i, was too large at the required angle '^f attack 
 
 of 6'-'. It was further indicated that directional insta- 
 bility would occur at siaaller angles of attack and 
 that, if the vert icr-.l-tail area was further reduced to 
 yield the required degree of directional stability at 3° 
 angle of attack, the bomb would thsn be diractionally 
 unstable over most of the lo'.v angle-of-attack range. 
 
 It vi/as believed that the variation of C^ with 
 
 angle of attack of the bomb arose due to wing charac- 
 teristics inasmuch as the results of reference 3 
 indicated similar variations of 0;;^. with angle of 
 
 attack for rectangular wings. Additional tests were 
 therefore run to check this ooint. For these tests 
 the characteristics of the model as originally received 
 (tail 1, no end plates) were investigated over the angle- 
 of-attack range. The results of these tests are plotted 
 in figure 17 and are suntuarized with the data of fig- 
 ures 15 f.nd 16 in figure 16. Data for un Isolated 
 rectangular wing, obtained from reference 3, are also 
 shown in figure 18 for purposes of comparison. 
 
 The results of figure 18 indicate that the increase 
 in directional stability v^rifn increased anrle of attack 
 is independjnt of tail design and, therefore, must be 
 primarily a wing characteristic. It appears, therefore, 
 that the desired degree of directlotiyl stability cannot 
 
8 
 
 be achievGd at 8° ani.;le of atta-^.k without result?.]!'? in 
 directional instability at 3n.glea of attack smaller 
 than e°. This concrasion was further substantiated by 
 tests of forvi'ard tails 12 acti.ig together with the 
 original tails 1 - a conf iruration shown in fi';;;ure 6. 
 
 The static lateral-stability characteristics of 
 the model equlDped with tlie oripilnal vertical tails 1 
 and forward tails IQ are 'ore seated in figure 19. These 
 data indicate ^hat the directional stability of the model . 
 at 8*^ an^le of attack was just barely stable. The results 
 of figure 19 are suinrmrized in figure 20 and show the 
 same variation of directional stability with angle of 
 attack previously noted. The data indicated that the 
 modal with the coupled tail arrangement would be direc- 
 tionally unstable at angles of attack smaller than 3 . 
 
 Aileron Tests 
 
 The data from tests of the aileron sj^'stem shown in 
 figure 6 are presented in figure 21 at various angles of 
 attack for the right aileron alone deflectsd various 
 amounts from 15*^ uo to 15*^ down. 
 
 Glide -Path Control 
 
 In order to i;rovide the data necessary to convert 
 pitching moments to elevator deflections required to 
 trim at a given angle of attack, tests were r\an of the 
 model with elevator set at 0°and llO'-'. The results of 
 these tests are yressnted in fi,.-ui-e 22. 
 
 Spoilers .- Tests were ri;n to determine the effect 
 of the upper-surface spoilers shown in fi'^ure 7, inasmuch 
 as this type of device both decreases lift and increases 
 drag. The results of these tests are shown in figure 25. 
 These data show that although srjoilers of 39 percent of 
 the sppn decreased the L/d ratio at the an'- le of attack 
 corresponding to Cl ~ 0.64 from 7.0 to 2,9 a fxxrther 
 increase in spoiler- s'oan of 22 percent span only decreased 
 the L/P T^atio to 2,3, a value deemed unsatisfactory. 
 In addition, both inboard and outboard spoilers created 
 large divinr moments, parbioula-^ly inboard spoilers 1, 
 and consequently required rather large changes in elevator 
 deflection to maintain constant angle of attack. 
 
9 
 
 The large ulvln;); moments enccun'^.ered. with spellers 1 
 v/ere 'baliGved to be ^jrimarily caused by the influence of 
 the decreased v/ing downwash upon the tail "urfaces 
 iniiTiedlate ly behind . 
 
 Doub lo-split ru.aders.- Figure 24 pres^^nts the effect 
 of do\.ible -split lud'lers A (mounted on end plates 4 as 
 shown in fif.ure 4) on the aerodyni-uiic characteristics of 
 the model. The data on firure 24 v;sre rearranged In 
 conjunction v,'lth the elevator data flven in figure 22 
 to show the variation of L/d ratio, Cj^, and elevator 
 angle required to trim v/ith rudder deflection and are 
 thus presented in figure 25, Tliese data are given for 
 the angle of attack 8° at which it was possible to 
 approach the soecified value of lift coefficient of 0.64. 
 
 The data presented in fi'-ures 24 and 25 indicate 
 that the do\:.ble-cplit rudder A was inadequate as a glide - 
 path control device and would merely alter the L/D ratio 
 from 7,7 to 4.1 for full rudder deflection (±60^). A 
 further attempt v/^is made to lo'.ver the l/d ratio by use 
 of snlit rudders of greater snan than rudders A. The 
 results of tests made with double-snlit rudders B mounted 
 on end plate 3 are shown in figures 26 ;:nd 27, ;i.lthoTagh 
 rudders 3 v:ere tv/ice M".e sys.n ox rudders A, they reduced 
 the L/D ratio only a sli^-ht amount further and conse- 
 qxTsntly no other tests were made utilizing ':he double- 
 split-rudder type cf controls. It is interesting to 
 note that both rudder's A :.rid particularly rudders B 
 increased the lift on the v/ing - thereby emphasizing the 
 critical nature of ali'-flov; conditions aboi'.t thJ v/ing 
 tips. 
 
 Dc uble-split flaps .- Tests were made of double -split 
 flaps A ext^ridin^; over the outboard 42 percent of the 
 wing span as shown in figure 7. The results of these 
 tests are plotted sirnilarly to those of the rudder tests 
 and are presented in figures 23 i.nd 29. The results 
 presented in flfgare 29 show that the double -split flaps 
 deflected 60^ up end down decreased the L/d ratio from 
 7.3 to 2.1. This decrease, although considerable, was 
 still not considered sufficient. In addition, a con- 
 siderable change in elevator an-"le v/aa required to trim 
 at a constant angle of attack. 
 
 L ower-~urface s'.'lit fla^^s .- Figures 20 and 31 show 
 the effect of a Icwer-surface solit flan 1 of 42-.jerc9nt 
 
10 
 
 3ps.n locatod as sl'-ovm In .fi;jur3 7. These data show a 
 fairly sir^all variation of L/d ratio ivith dov/nwardly 
 deflected flaps. The data jToin these tests indicated 
 tliat the diving moments caused hy the flaps on the wing 
 were almost wholly nullified en the complete model. 
 This action undouhtedly aroce owing to the effects of 
 the increased wirg, downwash on the pitching inoments 
 contributed by the horizontal tail surfaces. 
 
 U pper-s\i.rf ace ^^ split flaps . - The tests of lower- 
 surface flaps 1 indicated that upper-surface flaps v;ould 
 be required to alter the L/D rtitio as desired. It 
 was also indicated froin tne&e tests and from the spoiler 
 tests previously discussed that the upwash effects of 
 the u'-^p'er- surf ace flaps unon the iiorizontal tail could 
 be employed to nuD.lify the incremental win," rr.oments 
 caused by flap def'lsctlon. Such conflpurabion would 
 then alter the L/D ratio withoiit changlnjf; the angle 
 of attach or elevator ans-le. In order to determine the 
 proper flaij arrar:.;'em3at and location, tests were first 
 made of split flaps 2 vrhich are identical with flap 1 
 but are mounted on the up"oer wing, surface over the 
 Inboard 42 percent of the wing span. The results of 
 
 these tests are presented in figures 32 and 33 ar;d indicate 
 that flaps 2 came ver""^ close to meeting all specifications. 
 Only a sliffht amount oi' elevator tidjustment m^as required 
 to trim and the L/d ratio at 8° angle of attack was 
 reduced from 7,3 to 1.3 for 60*^ flan' deflection. 
 
 In order to reduce the L/d ratio still further, 
 the s^Dan of flap 2 was increased to 50--percent wing span 
 to form flaps 3. The results of the tests of flap 3 are 
 presented in figures 34 and 35. Although the results 
 presented 'ii these fignros indicated that flap 3 would 
 satisfactorily reduce the L/D ratio to zero as desired, 
 a large increment of up elevator v/as required to trim 
 out tii3 pitching momeiits caused by flap deflection. 
 
 It appeared likely that the diving moments arising 
 from deflection of flap 5 were caused by downwa.* chcuiges 
 on the horizontal tail such that the tail moments over- 
 balanced the wing stalling moments created by flap deflec- 
 tion. In order to assist In finding the cpanwise loca- 
 tion of a flan, which required no change in elevator 
 settings when deflected, farther tests were run in which 
 flap 3 was m.oved to tlie outboard portion of the wing. 
 The 1-esults of tests m.ade with the flan in this nosltion 
 
(flap 4) ars presented in flrures 36 and 37. Thsse 
 results Indicated that •••ith this arran.'^ensnt a lar.^e 
 increment of down elevator won.ld be reqriired to trim 
 out the moments due to flap deflections. 
 
 A srud77 of the results of the tests of flaps 3 
 and 4 indicated that a 60-perc3nt span flap located 
 at the center of each wing panel should provide the 
 desired L/d control v/ithout requirint;^ lar,3e elevator 
 changes to maintain a constant anj^^le of attack. The 
 results of such a flap (flap 5) are presented in 
 figures 3£ and 39 and substantiate this belief. These 
 data indicate that it is possible to seci^re a reduc- 
 tion in L/d ratio Virith flap 5 from 7,2 to with 
 only 3° elevator-deflection change beinr-; required to 
 maintain the desired an/rle of attack (8*^) . It appears 
 that even this slirht chan.^<;e of elevator deflection 
 could be eliminated by the e:':pedient of moving flap 5 
 a slight amount Inboard. 
 
 CONCLUDING REJMRKS 
 
 Force tests of a l/5-3cale model of a type GB-5 
 controllable t'lido bomb in the NACA free-fll:?ht t^ju^j-iel 
 indicated the folloving: 
 
 1. The effective-dihedral characteristics of the 
 model v/ere v;idely varied by the addition of vertical 
 end plates butted to the wing tips. Addition of end- 
 plate area bslow the wing sijrface reduced the effective 
 dihedral v.liereas area added above the ^"ing inr>reased the 
 e f f e c t i ve d ihe dr a 1 . 
 
 2. The model v/ing characteristics were such as 
 to cause an increase in directional stability with 
 Increased an.:-le of attack. This change in directional 
 stability with angle of attack was independent of 
 vertical-tail design. Consequently, a moderately large 
 a::iount of directional stability- was required at lov; 
 speed to avoid directional instabilltv over 
 speed 'oortion of the speed ranr.:;e . 
 
12 
 
 3. Uprier-surface, iip'^ardly deflected, split flaps 
 located at the center of each y;ing ;oanel reduced the lift 
 over drag ratio from 7.2 tc without a:-!preclal:)ly changing 
 the anple of attack (6'^). 
 
 Lan£-ley Ilemorial A.arcnautical Latoratory, 
 
 National Advisory Coiumittee for Aeronautics, 
 Lanf^ley Field, Va,, March 27, 1944. 
 
 Marvin Pitkin, 
 Ae r o nau 1 1 G a 1 j3 nri ne e r . 
 
 ApDroved: \\ — ^r. ^ ^^ r\ < 
 
 Hartley a. 'iSoule, 
 Chief of Stability Research Division. 
 
 R3FER^1jCES 
 
 1. Shortal, Josenh A., and Osterhout, Clayton J.: 
 
 Preli'^inary Stability and Control Tests in the 
 
 NACA ?ree-?lip-ht Y/ind Tunnel and Ocrroilation 
 
 v/'th Full-scale Fli^mt Tests. !UCA 111 LIo. PiO, 1941. 
 
 2. Shortal, Joseoh A., and Draper, John W.: Free-Fli^ht- 
 
 Tunnel InvDstigation of the -iiffect of the Fusela.t^^c 
 Length and the Aspect Ratio and 3iae of the Vertical 
 Tail on Lateral Stability and Control. NACa iiRR 
 No. 3D17, 1343. 
 
 3. Short>i,.l, Joseph a.: Effsct of Tip Shape and Dihedral 
 
 on Lateral Ststillty Characteris cics . KACA Reo. 
 "Jo. 548, 1335. 
 
FIGURE LEGENDS 
 
 Fi.o-ur'^ 1 . - Photorraph of a — -?;c"le model of the type 
 
 GB-5 controllo.ble rlide boTib mounted inverted on the 
 f r e e - f 1 1 rb t t ur.n el b a 1 an c e s t rut . 
 
 Figure 2.- Three view sketch of the type GB-5 controllable 
 f^lide borb as originally received. All diinensions are 
 in inchep. 
 
 Figure ■? . - Fhotofrraphs of ~— '-cale model of type GB-S 
 controllable rlide bonb. 
 
 Figure 4.- Sketches of vertical vinFr-tip end plates tested 
 in the free-flight-tunnel investigation of a ^- scale 
 
 model jf the type GF-5 controllable glide bo*rb. 
 Plsrure 5.- ^Vetches of aft vertical tail surfaces 
 
 .. 1 
 ^' 5 
 lable glide bomb tested in th.e free-flip-ht tunnel. 
 
 Liistalled on a -i-^cale model of the type GB-5 control- 
 
 5 
 
 Firure 5.- "Sketch of forward fins and ailerons tested on 
 a -^-"csle i^odal of the type GB-5 controllable glide 
 bomb in the free-flight tunnel. 
 
 Firure 7.- ?ketches of glide-path controls tested in tlie 
 
 free-flight tunnel investigation of a -p- scale m.odel of 
 
 -' 5 
 
 the type G3-5 controllable glide bomb. 
 
 Figure 7.- Continued. 
 
 Figure £.- Effect of lov;er- surf ace wing-tip endplates on 
 the static lateral-stability characteristics of 
 
 a —-scale model of the type G3-5 controllable glide 
 bomb. a = S'^; 5e = Cp = 5f = 5a = 0°. 
 
 Figure 9.- Fffect of lower- surf ace wing- tin endplates 
 upon the dihedral parameter Ci-i, of a •g--scale model 
 
 of the type ^'B-5 controllable glide bomb. a = 6^; 
 5e = 5p = 5a = 5f = 0^. 
 
 Firure 10.- Effect of urper-sur'^'ace endplates upon the 
 rolling-r.otrent character ": stic s of a i-scale model of 
 
 the type GB-5 controllable glide bom.b. a = 6'''-'; 
 5e = 5p ^ 5f = 5a =0^. 
 
FTOURE LEGENDS - Continued 
 
 Figure 1,1.- "Iffect of vortical tall area removed eqiially 
 
 from the twin vrr-tlcal tailr of a -^-scale n^odel of 
 
 o 
 
 the t^'pe GP.-5 controllable glide "bonb. 5e =5a ^'-f ~- '^° ^ 
 
 a = 8°. 
 
 Figure 12,- Effect of ren-ovlMP vertical tail area from 
 
 one o.f two vertical tails of a — scale :rodel of the 
 
 5 
 type GB-5 controlla'ol.e glide 'bo^'ib . a = S*^ ; 
 5g = 5j^ = 6a = 5-f = 0'""; ri.f:ht vertical tail off. 
 
 Figure 13.- The in:'^luence of vertical tail location upon 
 
 the yawinfj-rr.oment characteristics of a —-scale m.odel 
 
 5 
 
 of the tv^e G-3-5 controllable glide bomb in yaw. 
 
 Figure 1^:.- Effect of r«^Gucinp; ve"'^tical tail .^ize of 
 a — -^cale nodel of the tvpe GB-5 controllable "lide 
 bomb, a = S'-' ; ^e - 5p = 5a = &f = . 
 
 Figure 15.- Static lat6ral-c:tability characteristics 
 
 of a -^-scale model of the type GB-5 controllable glide 
 
 bomb equipped with lower-surface, wing-tip, endplates 6 
 and vertical tail deGirn 11, a ~ 6"^ ; 5p = 5p = 5a 
 = 5f = G^. 
 
 Figure 16.- Effect of angle of attack on the lateral 
 
 stability characteristic? of a -i-scale model of the 
 
 5 
 type GP-5 controllable glide bom.b equipped with lower- 
 surface, wing-tip endplates 6 and vertical tail 
 design 11. 5^ - t^ - b^ = 5f = 0^. 
 
 Figure 17.- Effect of anr] e of attack on the rolling and 
 
 yawing moment characteristics in vaw of a i-scale 
 
 5 
 model of the tvpe G3-5 controllable p-lide bom.b. 
 Vertical tail 1 ; 5e = 6p = 5a " ^f =" C! . 
 
 Figure IB.- Variation of directional stability with angle 
 of attack of a —-scale riodel of the t:-pe GB-E 
 
 controllable glide bomb as compeared to that of an 
 isolated rectangiilar v;ing. 
 
FJGTnE LT:gj:]vID3 - Continued 
 
 Figure 19.- llCffect of angle of attack on lateral-stability 
 
 characteristics of a —-scale mo'iel o'^'' the tvre GB-5 
 
 controllable glide bomb equipped with origlnsl vertical 
 tails 1 and forward tails 12. dp = 5x^ = 5e = 5a = 0'^. 
 
 FijTure 20.- I^ffect of anrle of attack upon the directional 
 stabilltv parameter 0^, of a 4— ?i 
 tjx>e G5-5 controllable glide bomb. 
 
 stabilltv parameter C^, of a -^-scalc irodel of the 
 
 Figure 21.- Aileron characteristics of a -^-scale model 
 
 5 
 
 of the type G3-5 controllable glide borb. ^ = 0° ; 
 t'e = Op = Of = 0*^; Sp = 0'^. 
 
 c.Ynt..:^r^c churacteristics of a 4-scsle model of the 
 
 Figure 22.- Effect of elevator deflection on the aero- 
 
 type GB-o controllable glide borib, dj-. = 5a = 6f = O"; 
 
 Figure 23.- TZtfec": of spoilers on the aerodynamic charac- 
 teristics of a ~-'-.',ale model of the type GB-5 
 controllable ?lfde bon.b . 6c = 6-n = Of = 0'^. 
 
 Figure 24.- ■Effect of double-split rudder? on the aero- 
 dyna'iijcs character! atics of a -^--scale riiOde] of the 
 
 b 
 
 type GE-o ccn cro;]la.bie glide bo'-b. Double-split 
 ruc-dcrs A; en'^pj .i.te ^; 6^ -' 6p = £3 ^ C'-' . 
 
 Fifa-.re 2^^.- ;^ffecc of double-split rudder dof lection? on 
 
 th? aerodynamic characteristics of a -^-scale model of 
 
 the type GB-5 control] able glide bomb. Double-split 
 ruid-'i-s A; 5^ ~ '^f " ^°; « - '5^' enUplete 4. 
 
 Figure 2P.- ILffeot of doubla-spllt ruddcrF- B i.^pon the 
 
 aerodynamic cnarac ter: s:ics o'^' a 4-^f^&le nodel of the 
 
 tyoe GB-5 controllable gliae oomb « Oe = o^^ = Of = 0^ ; 
 endplate ?. 
 
 Figuro 27.- Zffect of double-split rudder deflection on 
 the aerod^iiaTnic characteristics of a — scale rr.odel of 
 
 the type Gr'-5 controllable glide bomb; double-split 
 rudders 3; endplete 3; 63, = 5f = 0*^; a = B^' . 
 
FIGURE L^GH^JDS - Continued 
 
 Figure 28.- Effect of outboard double-split flaps A 
 
 SI "1 
 
 a 16 
 
 upon the aerodynamic charict eristics of a ^—s'. 
 
 model of the type G3-5 controllable glide bomb 
 bf = .42b; Cf '= .SOc- f^g = 5a = ^r =0°. 
 
 Figure 29.- Effect of double-Rplit flap deflections on 
 the aerod/namic chara.c teristic'^ of a —-scale niod.el 
 
 of the tvpe GB-5 controllable glide bomb. Outboard 
 double-split flap A; bf = .42b; Cf = .20c; 6^ = ^r = ^ 
 a = 8° 
 
 - nO. 
 
 3 
 
 ^igure cC- Effect of lov-er-si.irface inb-^ard flaps 1 upon 
 the aerodvnajric characteristics of a — scale model of 
 
 the type GP-5 controDlable glide bo?iu . b^ = .42b; 
 Cf = .20c; C'e - ^a ~ ^r ~ ^'^ • 
 
 Figure 51.- Effect of flap deflection on aerodynamic 
 fcharacteri sties of a —-scale model of the type GB-5 
 
 controllable glide bomb. Lower surface, r.Ad panel, 
 split flap 1; bf> = .42b; c^ = .3Cc; a = 8^: s'a = 5^ = 0°, 
 
 Figure 52.- Effect of upper- surf ace inboard flaps 2 
 
 upon the aerodynam.ic characteristics of a — scale model 
 
 of the type GB-5 controllable glide bomb, bf = .42b; 
 Cf = .50c; 5e " £a = 5r = 0^. 
 
 Figure 55.- Effect of flap deflection on the aerodynamic 
 
 characteristics of a r=-~scale model of the tyoe GB'-5 
 
 o 
 
 controllable glide bomb. Upper surface, inboard split 
 
 ^r 
 
 flap 2; b^ = .''i2b; Cf = .50c; 6^ = 6r = ^°; cc = 8° 
 
 Figure 54.- Effect of upper-surface inboard flaps 5 upon 
 
 the aerod^^mamilc characteristics of a — -^^cale model of 
 
 the type GE-5 controllable glide bomb. bf = .6Cb; 
 Cf -■ .5Cc: 5g = 5a = 6p = . 
 
 Figure 55.- Effect of flap deflection on the aerodynamic 
 
 characteristics of a ---:3cale model of the type CB-5 
 
 controllable glide bomla. Upper surface, inboard 
 split flap 3; bf = .60b; Cf = ,30c; 5a = 6^=0; 
 a = 8°. 
 
FIGURE L!jG^^D3 - Concluded 
 
 Figure 36.- 'Effect of unper- surf ace, outboard flaps 4 
 upon the aerodynamic charao/^eri s t:.cs of a —-scale 
 Tiodel of the type &B-5 controllable glic'e bonib. 
 
 Figure 37.- "Effect of flap de.'^lectior. on the aerodynair.ic 
 characteristics of a -g;- scale rrodel of the type G3-5 
 
 controllable glide bonb. Upper-surface, outboard 
 split flap 4; 'Of = .50b; Cf = .30c; 5o = 5-, = 0; 
 a = 8°. ■" ' ' 
 
 Figure 33.- Effect of upper-surface flaps 5 upon the 
 
 aerodynamic characteristics of a -g— scale model of the 
 type CrB-5 controllable rlide bo;nb. bf = .60b; 
 
 characteristics of a -5— scale rrodel of the type G3-5 
 
 Figure 30.- Effect of flap deflection on the aerodynamic 
 
 1 
 
 5', 
 
 contro]lable glide bomb. Upper surface rnid-panel 
 split flap 5; bf = .60b: Cf- = .?0c; 5a = 5^ = 0; 
 a = a^. 
 

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 Figure 3.- Photographs of 
 
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 Figure 5.- Sketches of aft vertical tail surfaces installed on a 
 
 -scale model 
 
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 Figure 7.- Sketches of glide-path controls tested in the free-flight tunnel 
 
 investigation of a -^ -scale model of the type GB-5 controllable glide bomb. 
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