E2/New Zealand UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE Agricultural Research Administration Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine Washington 25, D. C, : larch 20, 19^3 B.E.P.Q.-581, Revised PLAINT QUARANTINE IMPORT RESTRICTIONS OP NEW ZEALAND This revision of the plant quarantine import restrictions of the Dominion of New Zealand has been prepared for the information of nurserymen, plant quarantine officials, and others interested in the exportation of plants and plant products to that country. The summary was prepared by R. G. Oakley, Division of Plant Quarantines, from the Orchard and Garden Diseases Act 1928, the Plant Quarantine Regulations 1952, and other related information, and. was reviewed by the Director of the Horticultural Division of the Department of Agriculture of New Zealand* The information contained in this circular is believed to be correct and complete up to the time of preparation, but it is not Intended to be used independently of, nor as a substitute for, the original texts, and it is not to be interpreted as legally authoritative* Chief, Bureau of /Entomology and Plant Quarantine PLANT QUARANTINE IMPORT RESTRICTIONS OF - NEW ZEALAND LEGISLATION The Orchard and Garden Diseases Act 1928 authorizes the Governor- General, "by Order in Council gazetted, to prohibit or regulate the introduction into New Zealand of any plant, fruit, fungus, parasite, insect, or any other thing he considers likely to introduce any dis- ease, to appoint specified ports of entry, and to extend a schedule of diseases and insects appended to the Act. Other legislation includes the Stock Act 1908, the Introduction of Plants Act 1927, and the Seeds Importation Act 1927. The Plant Quarantine Regulations 1952, effective September 26, 1952, issued "by the Governor-General by Order in Council, consolidate and amend the regulations under the Orchard and Garden diseases Act 1928 and the Stock Act 1908, and cites the Director of the Horticultural Division of the Department of Agriculture, or person with, his author- ity, as the official administering them. The regulations are sum- marized in the following paragraphs as they apply to importations from the United States. . SUMMARY The regulations cover plants and parts thereof (cuttings, scions, bulbs, tubers, rhizomes, etc.), fruit, seeds, bacteria and fungi, viruses, insects, containers, packing materials, and soil; also ship, aircraft, and baggage inspection. Sanitary certificates (Federal or State), supplemented by additional certification for many items, are required with importations (including mail) of fruits, plants, seeds, etc., except stored products. Import per— "mits in advance are required for nursery stock (see par. k (a)) and seed potatoes. IMPORTATION PROHIBITED 1. No person shall introduce into New Zealand Bacteria, fungi, viruses, or any living stage of any invertebrate animal, which may directly or indirectly injure or cause an un- healthy condition in any fruit or plant. Blueberry ( Vaccinlum spp.), on account of virus diseases. _ 2 - Citrus stocks, seedlings, and "budded or grafted trees, except citrus seed, on account of citrus Banker ( Xanthomonaa citri ), citrus root rot ( Phytophthora cltr ophthora ) , and virus diseases. Citrus fruits from countries and places where citrus canker exists e Fresh fruits and vegetables from countries and places where the oriental fruit fly ( Dacus d orsalis ) exists Fresh fruits (susceptible to fruit fly attack) from countries where any harmful species of fruit fly (Tephritidae (-Trypetidae)) exists (e::cept as authorized for bananas, citrus fruits, grapes, and pineapples in paragraphs 13, 1)4, and l6, pp. 7-9) • Fresh fruits of Pyrus spp c (apple, pear, quince, etc.) and of Prunus spr>. (almond, apricot, cherry, peach, plum, etc ) on account of brown rot (Scierotmia fructigena ar.d S« laxa ) and virus diseases, such as cherry yellows and phony peach, Grapevines ( V itis spo ) on account of vine mosaic virus and Pierce's disease (alfalfa dwarf virus), hop ( Humulus spp. ) including hop sets and seed, on account of virus diseases and downy mildew ( Pseudooeronospora humull ). Potato plants from any source and tubers from all places where the following insects and diseases occur: Potato -./art ( Synchytrium endobioticuro) , potato ring rot ( Corynebacteri ura sepe donic umT^ potato yellow dwarf virus, Colorado potato beetle ( Lept i notarsa de cemlineata ), and golden nematode ( Heterodera rostochiensis ). P runu s sp^o seed, on account of virus diseases. Pyrus spp e plants on account of brown rot ( Sc lerotini a f ructigena and S. laxa). Kibe 3 spp, and R ubus spp. (currants, raspberries, etc.), on account of virus diseases., Sweetpotatoes ( Ipomoe a betat;is_) on account of sweetpota.to weevils (Cylas formicarius and Eusc eoe s por.tfasc iatus) , internal canker vims, curly top virus, and soil rot ( Actinomyce s sp.). Soil, sand, clay, or earth, as such, or adhrring to any plant, plant material, or article, etc, (See par 21, p» 12.) Tobacco plants and seed (Nicqtinna sp.) on account of blue mold (Per onospora tabacina ), v/ildi'ire ( P s eud o mona s t abac i ) , tobacco yellow dv/arf virus, and other virus diseases of seed. - 3 - Weedy plants, as follows: Ascleplas tuberosa L. (pleurisy root), Cassia occiden talis L, (negro root), Cymbopogon schoenanthus (Spreng), Cynanchum sp. (Indian swallowwort). Datura metel L. (hairy thorn apple), Digitalis lanata Ehrh. (foxglove)"! Echinacea an gust if o 11a D.C., Eichhornia speciosa (water hyacinth), Ephedra sinica , Monardia punctata (horsemint), Polygonum Listorta L. ^snake weed, snake root), Petasites hytridus (L.) Fl. Wett. (butterbur), Pulicaria dysenterica Bernh. (fleabane) Rhamnus purschiana D.C. (cascara sagrada), Satureja calamintha (L.) (Scheele calamint), Tourretia volubilis , Tussiligo farfara (coltsfoot). IMPORTATION RESTRICTED 2. Entry of the following articles is subject to their being ac- companied by a sanitary certificate bearing special certifications as noted, and to shipments complying otherwise to regulations ap- plicable; Bananas, Lemons, Limes, and Pineapples: Must be certified as in an unripe condition when shipped and to be packed in new con- tainers; lemons, and limes also, to be certified as being pro- duced in an, area free of citrus canker and that the fruit is free of scale insects or has been effectively fumigated prior to shipment. (See par. 13, p. 7.) Bulbs, Corms, Rhizomes, and Tubers of Ornamental Plants: Shipments found infested at time of inspection for certification purposes must be treated and the method of treatment described in the re- quired sanitary certificate. (See par. 12, p. 7.) Citrus Fruits (except green lemons and limes, see above): Entry subject to certification that the fruit was produced in an area free of citrus canker ( Xanthomonas citri) and is packed in new containers, plus one of the following three conditions: (l) That the fruit was produced in an area at least 50 miles distant from any infestation of an injurious fruit fly and that the fruit is free from scale insects or has been effectively fumigated against them; (2) that the fruit was refrigerated for 21 days at a tem- perature of 31° F. (1 degree variation allowed) and supported by a thermograph chart; and (3} certification that a consignment was or was not precooled to 3k F c before being loaded on a vessel on which treatment (21 days at 31° F, as above) is to be applied in transit, the certification to be supported by thermograph charts at ports of arrival by a ship's officer. (See par. 1^, pp. 7-9.) Fresh Fruit (not fruit fly hosts): The sanitary certificate must state that shipment is packed in new containers. (See par. 13, P. 7.) Fresh Fruits (including tomatoes): Entry permitted of fruit (in- cluding tomatoes), (except as prohibited in par. l), from areas where no injurious fruit fly, including Dacus dorsalis is known to occur, but subject to the required phytosanitary certificate • bearing a statement that the consignment is packed in new con- tainers. (See par, 15, p„ 9,) Fresh Vegetables (excluding tomatoes): Entry permitted from countries where Dacus dorsalis does not occur and subject to certification that shipment is packed in new containers and reasonably free of soil. (See par. 17, p, 10,.) Grapes: The required sanitary certificate must attest that no grape- vine foliage is attached to the fruit and that the fruit is packed in new containers, plus one of the following conditions: (l) That the consignment was grown and paci'ed in an area not less than 50 miles distant from an area infested with an injurious fruit fly, and (2) treatment as for citrus fruits above. (See par. 16, pu.9-10,) Nursery Stock; An import permit is required in advance and authorized importations are subject to possible post-entry quarantine. Plants must be free of soil and each species properly labelled. Sanitary certification is required. (See par. 18, p. 10 ) Potatoes: Entry subject to certification that potato wart, ring rot, Colorado potato beetle, and golden nematode do not occur in place of origin and to being packed in nev; containers, unless the Director has previously issued a permit authorizing used containers in the case of potatoes for consumption. Seed potato importations require a permit in advance and are limited to shipments of 28 pounds per variety per year by one person and must be grown in post-entry quarantine. (See par. 19, VP-- 10-11.) Seed corn (including sweet corn and popcorn): Requires certification that the crop producing the seed was inspected under field conditions and found free of bacterial wilt ( Xanthomonas stewarti ) , and that the seed has been treated against boil smut ( Ustilago zeae ) and brown spot ( Physoderma zeae-maydis ). (See par. 20, pp, 11-12.) Seeds: A sanitary certificate is required for each consignment, and in the case of packages of 28 pounds or more, of the following seeds, a percentage of seeds in each package must be colored with a seed-staining dye, such as an alcoholic solution of saffranus, as indicated: 10 per cent for alfalfa, ryegrass, and white clover, and 5 per cent for cocksfoot. (See par. 20, pp, 11-12.) IMPORTATION UM3&STP.nTED 3. Stored products may be introduced without sanitary certificates, but are subject to results of inspection on arrival. - 5 - GEiIEBAL REGULATIONS U* Definitions:- (a) "Nursery stock" means every kind and species of plant, including budwood, scions, and other portions of a plant; but does not include potatoes and other vegetables, fruit, seeds, or the bulb, conn, rhizome or tuber of any ornamental plant, a unit of which when propagated produces a single plant, (b) "Stored product" means any dried fruit, grain, edible nuts, or other plant product used or intended for use for any purpose other than sowing, planting, or propagation; but does not in- clude fresh fruit or vegetables or any plant product which has been subjected to any process of manufacture. (c) "Disease" means any form of fungus, bacterium, or virus, or any living stage of any invertebrate animal, which may directly or indirectly injure or cause an unhealthy condition in any fruit or plant. (d) "Fruit" means the edible product of any plant, including • the peel, skin, or shell of such product, and also the seeds of such plants, whether such fruit is or is not attached to the plant. (e) "Plant" means any tree, flower, shrub, vegetable, or other vegetation, and includes the seed, spore, or any portion of any such plant, (f) "Director" means the Director of the Horticulture Division of the Department of Agriculture, or his authorized representative. Sanitary Certificate Required 5. A health certificate is required to accompany every consignment of fruit, plants, nursery stock, or seed that may by these regulations be introduced into New Zealand and shall be signed by an authorized officer of the appropriate Department or service performing the func- tions or duties relating to horticulture in the country or place of origin (except as permitted for seedcorn in paragraph 21 ) and shall contain such further certification as may by these regulations be required to be included for specified plants and plant products. Authorized Ports of Entry 6. (a) For importation of plants, seeds, and nursery stock: Ports: Auckland, Bluff, Dunedin, Lyttelton, and Wellington. Airports: Evans Bay, Harewood, Mechanics Bay, Ohakea, and Whenuapai. - 6 - ("b) For importation of fruits, vegetables, and stored products: All ports and airports listed Id (a) and Gisborne, Napier, Nelson, New Plymouth, Oamaru, Picton, Port Chalmers, Timaru, and Wanganui. Inspection on Arrival 7. On arrival at any port or airport of entry prescribed by these regulations of any consignment of fruits or plants permitted impor- tation by these regulations, the consignment or a representative portion shall "be inspected by a plant quarantine officer (at the expense of the owner). Treatment or Disposition of Shipments 8>. (a) A plant quarantine officer wi 11 issue an unconditional permit to land any consignment of fruits and plants ( e.-cept nursery stock and seed potatoes) when found free of diseases and in compliance with the regulations. Permits conditional upon treatment (at expense of the owner) will be issued for the release of such ship- ments when found to be infected with a disease it is considered can be effectively treated against. (b) In the case of consignments of any kind imported in accordance with regulations and found infected with a disease the inspector considers cannot be eradicated by treatment, the consignment shall be reshipped, destroyed, or otherwise disposed of. Shipments not complying with regulations shall be seized, treated, detained in quarantine, reshipped, destroyed, or otherwise disposed of. (c) Importation of potatoes and nursery stock shall be subject to conditions in (b) above, to treatment prescribed in permits, and to detention in quarantine. Packing Material 9. No packing materials for authorized importations of nursery stock, plants, and seed shall be used other than moss, 6awdust t ground cork, wood-wool, vermiculite, charcoal, or vegetable fibre free from pulp: Provided that any such substance used in packing material shall be clean and free from disease. Importation by Mail 10. Mail shipments of fruits or plants shall be clearly and legibly marked to indicate the contents. Importation for Scientific Purposes 11. Any person with a prior permit in writing from the Director and subject to conditions as to quantity or otherwise as may be specified in the permit, may import from any specified country or place any nur- sery stock, fruit, plant, insect, or other thing specified in the permit when deemed by the Director as necessary or advisable for any scientific or other specified purpose. BULBS, CORMS, RHIZOMES, AM) TUBERS OE ORMM2ITTALS 12, Subject to the provisions of these regulations; "bulbs, corms, rhizomes, nnd tutors of any ornamental plant may be introduced into Few Zealrnd. Eacl. consignment shall be accompanied by a health cer- tificate* If the consignment is found infested with insect ^>ests by the certifying officer the certificate shall include particu ars of the date, place, and nature of the treatment to which the consignment has oeeu subjected so as effectively to destroy those insect pests, BAHAMAS, LEMONS, LIMES, AND PINEAPPLES 13. Subject to the provisions of these regulations, bananas, lemons, limes, and pineapples, in an unripe condition when shipped, and -any fruit (other than vegetables), which is not a host of any harmful species of fruit fly (Eamily Trypetidae) may be introduced into New Zealand from any country or place, except where oriental fruit fly ( Dacu s _dorsnlis), is known to exist, and, in the case of lemons and limes, from any place where- citrus canker ( Xanth omonas citri) is knov/n to exist. Each shipment of such fruit shall be accompanied by a health certificate, and also certification (l) that the consignment is packed in clean new containers not previously used, (2) in the case of lemons or Hues, that citrus canker ( Xanthomo na s citri) does not occur in the place of origin and that the fruit is free from scale insects or has been effectively fumigated prior to shipment, and (3) in the case of bananas, lemons, limes, and pineapoles, that the fruit was shipped or transported in an unripe condition. CITRUS FRUIT lU, Citrus fruits (other than unripe lemons and limes) may be intro- duced into New Zealand from any country or place, except where oriental fruit fly (Dacus dorsalis) is known to exist, subject to one of the three following conditions: Certification Method (a) Every consignment of citrus fruit (except as permitted by (b) and (c), pp, 8 and 9) shall be accompanied by a health certifi- cate which shall include a certificate to the effect that citrus canker ( Xantho monas citri) does not occur in the place of origin of the fruit, that the fruit was grown and packed in an area not less than 5° miles from any area infested by harmful fruit flies, that such fruit is free from scale insects or nas been effectively fumigated prior to shipment, and that the consignment is packed in clean new containers not previously used. - g - Cold Storage Method (b) If the fruit, before being shipped or transported, has been treated as follows: (1) The fruit shall be deposited in a cool store equipped with a suitable cooling plant and recording instrument and approved by the Director for purposes of this regula- tion; (2) The fruit shall be cooled to a temperature of 31° F. and shall be held within 1 degree above or below that temperature for a period cf not less than 21 consecutive days before being removed for shipment; (3) Fruit treated as above must be hold in the cool store at a maximum temperature of HO E. until removed there- from for shipment. Every consignment of citrus fruit introduced into New Zealand under this provision shall be accompanied by a health certificate (official) and by a thermograph chart covering the period of cool store sterilization, signed by an authorized officer of the cool store. The health certificate shall certify that citrus canker does not occur in the place of origin and that the fruit is packed in clean new packages not previously used. Cold Storage Method in Transit (c) If the fruit is treated in transit and in accordance with the following requirements; (1) The cool store (if any) at the t)lace of loading on board ship and the refrigerated compartments of the vessel on v/hich the fruit is loaded shall be approved by the Director for purposes of this regulation (2) Each refrigerated compartment of the vessel shall be cooled by forced air circulation, preferably from ceiling to floor, be adequately insulated, and be provided with temperature recording instruments approved by the Director. (3) Where the period during the transit from the port of export to New Zealand is of s\ich duration that the fruit cannot be held at a temperature within 1 degree above or below 31 F* for 21 consecutive days, unless the fruit has been cooled to a temperature not exceeding 3^° E. prior to loading on board ship at that port, the fruit shall be so precooled and shall be loaded in such a manner that its temperature does not rise above 3^° E. (U) Forthwith after loading on board ship it shall be cooled to a temperature of 31° '• ( 5) During transit to New Zealand the fruit shall be held within 1 degree above or below the temperature of 31° F, , and for a period of not less than 21 consecutive days, end thereafter at a maximum temperature of k0° F. , until the fruit is landed at a port of entry in New Zealand, Every consignment of citrus fruit introduced into New Zealand under this regulation shall be accompanied by a health certificate and by the prescribed records showing the temperature of the fruit during transit to New Zealand* The health certificate shall include a certificate to the effect that the fruit was cooled before shipment or was loaded on ship without being cooled (whichever the case), that citrus canker does not occur in the place sf origin of the fruit, and that the fruit was packed in clean new packages not previously used. The prescribed records referred to in the above paragraphs shall consist of four temperature records taken continuously throughout the period of shipment to New Zealand and shall be takeu from each compartment of the vessel in which the fruit is stored by means of suitable automatic temperature recording instruments under control of a responsible officer of the owner ©f the vessel. Each of the temperature records shall show a variation of not more than 1 degree during transit to New Zealand, except insofar as heavy seas may cause oscillation of the thermographs. FRESH FRUIT ( INCLUDING TOMATOES) 15c Subject to the provisions of these regulations, all fruit, including tomatoes (but excluding those kinds provided for in paragraphs 1, 13, lU, and lb hereof), may be introduced into New Zealand from any country or place, except from sources where the oriental fruit fly or any other harmful species of fruit fly are known to exist* Each consignment of fruit shall be accompanied by a he?lth certificate and also a certificate that the consignment is packed in clean, Dew containers not previously usedo GRAPES l6<, Subject to provisions of these regulations grapes may be introduced into New Zealand from any country or place, except where the oiiental fruit fly ( Dacus dor sal is ) is knovm to exist, under one of the following conditions: - 10 - (a) Each consignment of grapes shall "be accompanied "by a health certificate, including a certificate that the grapes were grown and packed in an area not less than 50 miles from any area infested with any harmful fruit fly (Pamily Trypetidae), that no grapevine foliage or wood is attached to the fruit, and that the fruit is packed in clean new containers not previously used? or (it) Each consignment of grapes shall be accompanied "by a health certificate and also a certificate that the grapes were held in cold storage for 21 consecutive days within 1 degree of 31° E. , either r'mmediately prior to shipment or is transit (same as for cold storage of citrus^ see paragraphs lU. (h) and (c)), that no grapevine foliage or wood is attached vo the fruit, and that the fruit is packed in new clean containers not previously used. EKESH VEGETABLES 17, Eresh vegetables (excluding tomatoes, see paragraph 15) may he introduced into New Zealand from any country, except from sources where the oriental fruit fly ( Pacus dorsalis ) occurs and as prohibited by paragraph 1, when accompanied ty a health certificate which shall include a certificate to the effect that the consignment is packed in clean new packages not previously used and that the vegetables are reasonably free from soil* NURSERY STOCK Import Permit Required 18?6 Nursery stock (except species prohibited by paragraph l) may be introduced into New Zealand from any country or place, subject to pro- visions of these regulations. Every person desiring to introduce nursery stock shall first obtain a permit from the Director authorizing introduction subject to conditionc he thinks fit, including a condition requiring detention of the nursery stock in quarantine for a period of not less than one growing season or 12 months from the date of planting after entry into quarantine before being released therefrom: Provided that the Director may from time to time, by notice published :".n the Gazette, authorize the introduction without a permit of such nursery stock as he may specify in that behalf in the notice. POTATOES 19. Every consignment of potatoes introduced into New Zealand sha] 1 bo accompanied by a health certificate which shall include a certifi- cate to the effect that the diseases yellow dwarf virus, ring ret ( C orynebacterlr.m sepedonicum ) , potato wa r t . ( Synoh y trium endobioticum ) r potato nematode ( Heterodera rontochiensi b) , and Colorado potato beetle _ 11 - ( Leptinct&rsa deoettJULaeata ) do not occur in the place of origin, that the potatoes are reasonably free from soil, and that the consignment is packed in clean new packages not previously used for any purpoaa or are in authorized used containers, A permit in advance from the Director is required for the use of used containers which may be allowed for tubers imported for consumption purposes; Provided that seed potatoes may be introduced only under permit by the Director under conditions he thinks fit, including a condition requiring their detention in quarantine for a period of 12 months or for one growing season before they are released, and also subject to quantity limits of 28 pounds for any one variety in any calendar year by one person, and to being packed in new containers. (NOTE: The widespread distribution of one or more species of the abovementioned diseases and insects in the United States makes it impossible for domestic potatoes to meet the certification require- ments. ) SEEDS 20. Seeds (except kinds shown as prohibited in paragraph l) may be imported from any source, subject to the following conditions: (a) Every consignment shall be accompanied by a health certificate. (b) The herlth certificate for every consignment of corn, sweet corn, or popcorn seed shall include a certificate to the effect that the crop from which the seed was obtained was inspected by an authorized officer of the appropriate Department or service performing the functions or duties relating to horticulture in the country or place of origin of the seed, that no bacterial wilt ( Xanthomo nas stewarti ) was found in the crop, nor has this disease been previously recorded on the area on which the crop was grown, and that the seed was treated for the control of boil smut ( Ustllago zeae ) and brown spot ( Physoderma zeae-maydis ) prior to ship- ment v/ith an organic mercurial seed treatment or some other effective method of treatment for those diseases, to be stated in the certificate. If the health certificate accompanying a consignment of corn, seed does not include a certificate to the effect that the seed was treated against boil smut and brown spot, as above prescribed, the consignment shall be subjected to such treatment at the port of entry. Should the place of export of any seed, except for corn, sweet corn, or popcorn, be other than the country of origin of the seed, the health certificate required to accompany - 12 ~ such an importation may "be signed by an authorized officer of the country from which the seed is exported. (c) Seeds, Porage Crop: The following seeds must have the stated percentage of each consignment stained with a red coloring master and "be accompanied by a declaration certify- ing that the consignment ha6 been stained as required, using a coloring matter which is either an alcoholic solution of saffranus or a specially prepared and effective fluid seedr- staining dye: (1) Alfalfa - 10 per cent of seed in each package (2) Cocksfoot - 5 " ■ " " ■ " ,! (3) Ryegrass - 10 " ■ ■ » n " (U) White clover - 10 " ■ " " ■ " " These regulations apply only to packages of seed which exceed 28 lbs. in weight o Oats, barley, wheat, and other grain may be imported without restrictions. (Seeds Importation Act 1927° ) SOIL PROHIBITS 21. No person shall introduce into New Zealand any soil, sand, clay, earth, whether by itself, or on or around or with any plant or plant material, or as packing in any form, or as ballast for any aircraft, ship, or vessel, or on or with or adhering to any goods whatsoever, except with the consent of the Director and as otherv/ise provided in these regulations (see pars. 17 and 19 for soil on vegetables and potatoes): Provided that clean sand may be used for ballast for aircraft, but if so used, or if any soil or earth is used as ballast for any vessel, it may not be discharged in New Zealand without the permission of a plant quarantine officer. UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA lillllllllll 3 1262 09314 8475