LII Y STATE PLANT BOARD December 1947 E-738 United States Department of Agrioulture Agricultural Beasearch Administration Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine PRELIMINARY TESTS OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AS INSECTICIDES. PART IV. By G. T. Bottger and Clemence Levin l/ Division of Control Investigations This is the fourth report on preliminary tests with synthetio or- ganic compounds, which were conducted at the insecticide-testing labor- atories of this Bureau at Sanford, Fla., and Anaheim, Calif* The pre- vious reports were published in E-621 (1944), E-634 (1945), and E-729 (1927). Twenty-six compounds were tested against three or more species of leaf-feeding insects* The materials were supplied by the Division of Inseotioide Investigations, most of them being reoeived and tested dur- ing the first half of 1945* Equipment and certain methods employed have been desoribed by Swingle, Phillips, and Gahan* 2/ The experimental prooedures were the same as those followed in Part III (E-729). The following insects were employed in testing these compounds and the standards i Amerioan oockroach (Periplaneta amerioana (L*)) Anayworm (C irphis unipunota (Eaw* ) ) Bean leaf roller (Urbanus proteus (L*)) Celery leaf tier (Phlyotaenia rubigalis (Guen*)) Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover J Cowpea weevil (Callosobruohus maculatus (F*)) Cross- striped oabbagewona (Evergestis rimosalis (Guen*)) Havjaiian beet webworm (Hymenia recurvalis (F.)) Large milkweed bug (Onoopeltus fasoiatus (Pall*)) Melonwom (Diaphania hyalinata {L,)) Rioe wecvill^itophilus orysa Tl.)) Southern annyworm (Prodenia eridania (Cram*)) JL/ Most of the materials tested were furnished by the Division of Insecticide Investigations. Technical assistance was given by E. R. MoGovran, formerly of the Division of Control Investigations* 2/ Swingle, M. C, Phillips, A* M*, and Gahan, J* B. Laboratory testing of natural and synthetic organio substances as insecticides* Jour. Econ. Ent. 34i , 95-99. 1941. - 2 - Southern beet webworm (Pachyzancla bipunctalis (F.)) Squash bug (Anasa tristis. (Deg.)) Sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formicarius eleganj;ulus (Sum.)) Termites (Reticulitermes sp.) Three-striped blister beetle (Epicauta lemniscata (F.)) Variegated cutworm (Peridroma margaritosa (Haw. ) ) Yellow-striped armyworm (Prodenja ornithogalli Guen.) Thirteen of these species were reared in the laboratory in order to insure uniformity of population and continuous availability through- out the year. The cotton aphids, bean leaf rollers, three-striped blis- ter beetles, and squash bugs were collected in the field. Table 1 shows the effectiveness of nine common insecticides, in- cluding DDT, tested against various species of insects fed dusted foliage, to be used as standards for comparing results obtained with new compounds. Table 2 presents the results of dust tests with 15 compounds that were found to be toxic to one or more species of insects. The following compounds killed 85 to 100 percent of the insects in: All species against which they were tested — l-Benzoyl-2-phenylhydrazine l-(m-Nitrobenzoyl)-2-phenylhydrazine l-Phenyl-2-phenylsulfonylhydrazine l-Phenyl-2- (p_-tolylsulf onyl) hydrazine At least 60 percent of the species tested — l-Acetyl-2-phenylhydrazine Bis (jD-bromophenyl) methane Bis (jo-chlorophenyl) methanol N ,N-diisopropyl-m-nitrobenzamide l-Isovaleryl-2-phenylhydrazine l-Phenyl-2-valerylhydrazine One or more species, but less than 60 percent of the species tested- Benzylphenylni t ro soamine l-Butyryl-2-phenylhydrazine Chloro-bis ( p.-chlorophen;, l) methane l-Isocapropyl-2-phenylhydrazine 4.-(alpha-Thiotoluyl) piperidine - 3 - Of the second group only l-acetyl-2-phenylhydrazine and N,N-diisopropyl- ra-nitrobenzamide were effective when used as sprays. l-Acetyl-2-phenyl- hydrazine caused severe foliage injury to five out of six varieties of plants treated, and bis(p.-bromophenyl) methane caused moderate injury to Swiss chard leaves. Of the last-named group treatments of benzylphenyl- nitrosoamine and l-butyryl-2-phenylhydrazine caused over 50 percent mor- tality against all species tested. l-Isocapropyl-2-phenylhydrazine showed some toxicity against five species, and appreciable mortalities against three species. Contact treatments with benzylphenylnitrosoamine against the squash bug and termites caused mortalities of 81 and 89 percent, re- spectively. Mortality of 97 percent of the cotton aphids resulted from a treatment with l-butyryl-2-phenylhydrazine. The following compounds caused less than 8$ percent mortality of the species against which they were tested: Compound Insect 1/ 4(p-Eronao-8lpha-thiotoluyl)morpholine Melonworm BpC-HaCH-CSHCCH-CEUJ-O Southern armyworm b * c c c c Southern b eet webworm Bromobis (j>-chlorophenyl)methane (ClCgHP2CBBr Melonworm Southern armyworm Southern beet webworm 5-Butyl-l-phenyl semioxamaz ide C 6H5FH2me0C0NHC4H9 Melonworm Southern armyworm 1-C innamoyl- 2-phenylhydraz ine C gH^ENHCOCH-CHC gHg Melonworm Southern armyworm Ye How- striped armyworm j>- ( 1 , 2-D ibromoethyl) toluene CH3C^ CHBrCHJ3r syra-D i-o-tolyl thiourea ""(CHsCqHaJJ^^CS Melonworm Southern armyworm Southern beet webworm American oookroach (3/4 grown) Bean leaf roller (fifth instar) Blister beetle (adult) Hawaiian beet webworm (fifth instar) Melonworm Southern armyworm (fifth instar) Southern beet webworm (fifth instar) 1/ All fourth instars unless otherwiiw indicated, - * - Compound alpha, alpha, alpha*, alpha*- 4, 4 * -Hexachlorobibenzyl C 1C qH^PC 1 2CC lgC qH^CI 5-Isobutyl-l-phenylsemioxamazide C gHgNHEECOCOMHCHgCH ( CH3) 1-Phenyl- 2-phenyl acetylhydr az ine CgHgHHMCOCHgCgHg l-Phenyl-5-propylsemioxamazide C6H5NHNECOCOUEC3H7 T et raki s (p- chlo r ©phenyl ) ethylene (C1C6H4)2C-C(C6H4C1)2 Insect Melonworm Southern anayworm Southern beet webwonn. Melonworm Southern armyworm Ye How- striped armyworm Melonworm Southern armyworm Yellow-striped armyworm Melonworm Southern armyworm Yellow- striped armyworm v Melonworm Southern armyworm Southern beet webworm The results of spray tests on 15 compounds are presented in table 3* Of these compounds 13 were reported in the dust tests* Of the 4 most effective compounds in the d\ist tests, l-phenyl-2-phenyl- sulfonylhydrazine and 1-phenyl- 2- (j>-to]ylsulfonyl) hydrazine, when tested as sprays, were effective agaim:t at least two-thirds of the species to which they were toxic as duuts. l-Qa-Nitrobenzoyl)-2-phenyl- hydrazine was effective as a spray only against the southern beet web- worm. Mortalities of less than 60 percent resulted against the melon- worm and the southern armyworm from spray treatments of this material. Spray treatments of l-benzoyl-2-phenylhydrazine caused appreciably low- er mortalities than dusts against all species tested, and this was the only one of the 4 most toxic compounds irhich caused more than very slight injury to tender foliage. Swiss chard leaves showed moderate injury from spray treatments. 1-Phenyl- 2- (p-tolylsulfonyl ) hydrazine lost 56 percent of its weight during 7 cays^exposure to warm air. The other 3 materials lost less than 50 percent of their weight during simi- lar exposure. None of the 4 materials showed any appreciable toxicity when tested as fumigants against the southern armyworm. Negative re- sults of contact tests of 3 of the oomjeunds indicate further that these materials act as stomach poisons. l-Bcx.zoyl-2-phenylhydrazine was not tested as a contact insecticide* - 5 - SUDlARY The results of preliminary tests to determine the toxicity to in- sects of 26 synthetic organic compounds are reported* Dust treatments of 4 of the 26 materials tested caused mortalities of 85 to 10» >> d tuDP ■a p> •H cd •H d d -h cd 3 sj CD O c^ c\J U"\ is mr^n C» C"N IP» sO O i^rltt) 8 o CD P> P O 3 -P In o 0) to to XX) to -sftO O vO H t>- ts. 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