LIBRARY STATE PLANT BOARD March 1949 E-773 United State 8 Department of Agrioulture Agricultural Rosearoh Administration Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine PRELIMINARY TESTS ON N-SUBSTITUTED m-SITBDBElIZAMIDES AS INSECTICIDES By 6, T. Bottger, Division of Control Investigations* and Si. I. Gertler, Division of Insecticide Invert! gat ions Nineteen N-substituted m-nitrobenzamides, which were prepared by reacting m-nitrobenzoyl chloride with amines under suitable conditions, have been tested in the insecticide-testing laboratories of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine at Sanford, Fla* and Anaheim, Calif, All the compounds contain in common the m-nitrobenzoyl group, shown graphically as 0 ii C — N02 > These synthetic organic compounds were tested as dusts against three or more la&f-feading insects* The more promising materials were tested further to determine their possible utility as stomach and/or contact poisons and their toxicity, as sprays, to tender foliage* Equipment and certain methods employed have been described by Swingle, Phillips* and Gahan* QJ Most of the tests reported in this paper were run in triplicate* Results of preliminary tests of some of the materials were included in a miscellaneous group of synthetic organio compounds reported by Bottger and Levin in E-729 and Yerington and Gertler in E-747* The experimental procedures were the same as those followed in E-729* For comparative purposes tests were also made with some of the standard insectioides, all of which were known to be toxic to certain of the test insects* The insects and mites used in the tests were as follows: Alder flea beetle (Altica ambiens (Lee*)) Armyworm (Cirphis unipuncta (Haw,) ) Black oitrus apliid (Toxoptera aurantii (Fonsc*)) California oakworm (PhryganTdia oalifornica (Pack*)) Celery leaf tier (Phlyctaenia rubigalis (Guen*)) Large milkweed bug (Onoopelt'us fasoiatus (Dall*)) Melonworm (Diaphania hyalinata (L* ) ) APR 1-1 - 2 - Pea aphid (Maorosiphum pisi (Kltb*)) Southern armyworm (Prodenia eridania (Cram*)) Southern beet webwona (Pachyzianola hipunotalis (F*)) Sweetpotato weevil (Cyla's formicar'ius elegantulus (Sum*)) Two- spotted spider mite (Tetranyohus bimaoulatus (Harvey) Variegated cutworm (Peridroma margaritosa (Haw*)) Nine of these species were reared in the laboratory to insure their availability when needed and to also provide a more or less stand- ardized population. The alder flea beetle, the California oakworm, the black citrus aphid, and the two-spotted spider mite were fikld-oollected* The standard insectioides tested were benzene hexachloride, DDT, and bis(p_-chlorophenoxy)methane. Two benzene hexachloride dusts were tested, one containing 1 percent of the gamma isomer and the other 10 percent. The 1-percent dust was made from a sample containing 5 percent of pure gamma isomer and the 10-percent dust was made from a commercial product reported to contain 30 to 40 percent of the gamma isomer* The results of these tests are shown in table 1* In the tests made to determine whether dusts of the more promising materials were useful as stomach and/or oontact insectioides, all the materials were tested either as 50- or 25-percent dusts on various kinds of foliage* Data on 11 compounds that caused mortalities of 75 percent or greater to one or more species of insects when they were applied as 50-peroent dusts are shown in table 2* The most toxic materials tested at this concentration included N-butyl-m-nitrobenzamide, N-isobutyl-m- nitrobenz amide, N-sec-butyl-m-nitrobenzamide, N,N-diisopropyl-m-nitro- benzamide, and m-nitrobenzoio anid 2-phenylhydrazide, which was the only compound that was effective against the armyworm* Data on five of the compounds that caused mortalities of 75 percent or more to the melonworm when tested as 25-percent dusts are shown in table 3* N-Isopropyl-m-nitrobenzamide was the only material that showed any appreciable toxicity to any insect other than the melonworm* Other tests were made with 5-, 3-, and 1-percent dusts of N,N-diiso- propyl-m-nitrobenza:Eide and with 5- and 4-percent dusts of m-nitrobenzoic acid r-phenylhy&razide. The results of these tests are shown in table 4. At 5-percent concentration N,N-diisopropyl-m-nitrobenzaraide was effective against the pea aphid and the black citrus aphid but ineffective against the celery leaf tier. The 1-percent dust was ineffective against the pea aphid, and the 3-percent dusts were toxic to all stages of the two-spotted spider mite. Five-percent dusts of m-nitrobenzoic acid 2-phenylhydrazide were effective against the black citrus aphid, but showed no appreciable toxicity to either the celery leaf tier or the pea aphid. Both of these materials were much less toxic than the standard insecticides. - 3 - The compounds that killed less than 75 percent of certain insects when tested at concentrations of 25 or 50 percent in pyrophyllite are presented in table 5» No appreciable toxicity is indicated to the insects tested, and at comparable concentrations it is not likely that these mat- erials would compare favorably with standard insecticides against other species of insects. For the phytotoxicity tests the more promising materials were spray- ed on green foliage. Each compound, 25 or 50 percent in pyrophyllite, was applied at the rate of 8 pounds per 100 gallons of water with 1/8 pound of saponin added as a wetting agent. The plants used in these tests included bean, beet, cabbage, Swiss chard, collard, corn, pea, turnip, and pumpkin. N-Butyl-m-nitrobenzamide and N-sec-butyl-m-nitrobenzamide, caused slight injury to pumpkin and turnip, and moderate injury to Swiss chard. 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