,T/ BOARD December 1948 E-764 United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Administration Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine PRELIMINARY TESTS ON N-SUBSTI TUTED p-NITROBENZAMIDES AS INSECTICIDES By G. T. Bottger and A. P. Yerington, Division of Control Investigations, and S. I. Gertler, Division of Insecticide Investigations Twenty-three N-substituted _£-nitrobenzamides, which were prepared by reacting p-nitrobenzoyl chloride with amines under suitable condi- tions, have been tested in the insecticide-testing laboratory of this Bureau at Anaheim, Calif • All the compounds have the nitro group in the para position. They oontain in common the O-:- °2N \ /— C - group These compounds were tested as 25-percent dusts against five or more species of leaf -feeding insects. On the basis of the results of these tests, some of the more toxic materials were tested further at reduced concentrations* For comparative purposes, tests were made with DDT, pure gamma isomer of benzene hexachloride, and parathion, the insecticidal effec- tiveness of which against the various species tested was already known. The insects and mites used in the tests were as follows: Alder flea beetle (Altica ambiens (Lee.)) Armyworm (Cirphis unipuncta (Eaw.)) Celery leaf tier (Phlyctaenia rubigalis (Guen.}) Large milkweed bug (Oncopeltus fasciatus Bail.) Pea aphid (Macrosiphum pisi (Kltb.j) Two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus bimaculatus Harvey) Variegated cutworm (Peridroma margaritosa (Haw*)) The armyworm, the celery leaf tier, the large milkweed bug, and the variegated cutworm were reared in the laboratory, whereas all the other species were collected from field populations* In the tests with coleopterous and lepidopterous insects, sections of leaves were dusted in a settling chamber and then placed in petri dishes with the test insects. The two-spotted spider mites and the pea aphids were dusted while in contact with their hosts. The milkweed bugs 1 1 - 2 - were dusted while confined in crystallizing dishes, to which untreated food was afterward added* A minimum of 2U coleopterous or lepidopterous insects were employed in each test. However, many more than 2U mites and aphids were used in most of the tests. The results of the tests with the known insecticides against the various test species are presented in table 1. High kills were obtained with all th6 compounds at concentrations of 0.5 percent or less against all the species tested, except the alder flea beetle, which was killed with a 3-percent dust. Data on the 23 compounds tested as 25-percent dusts are presented in table 2. No apparent injury resulted from any of the compounds when these dusts were applied to green foliage of alder, castor-bean, collard, Windsor bean, and Swiss chard. The materials showing mortalities of 65 percent or higher against one or more species were N-amyl-£-nitrobenzamide; N-butyl-jg- nitrobenzamide; N-cec-butyl-jg-nitrobenzamide; N,N-diethyl-£-nitrobenzamide; N ,H-diisobutyl-<£-ni trobenzamlde ; N ,N-dii sopropyl-£-nitrobenzamide ; N ,N-di- methyl-£-nitrobenzamlde; N,N-dipropyl-£-nitrobenzamide; and N-isopropyl-£- nitrobenzamide. Five of these compounds, all of which were toxic to the two-spotted spider mite, were again tested against this mite at concentrations of 5 and 1 percent. The results of these tests are shown in table 3. At the 5-per- cent level mortalities ranged from 64. percent with N,N-dipropyl-£-nl troben- zamlde to 92 percent with N,N-diethyl-£-nitrobenzamide. However, at 1 per- cent no appreciable mortality resulted. Of all the compounds tested N,N-dii30propyl-£-nitrobenzamide appeared to be the most toxic to the greatest number of species* Because of the high kills from concentrations of 0.5 percent or less of the standard insecticides against most of the test insects, it does not appear likely that any of the N-substituted £-nitrobenzamides could compete success- fully with these standard insecticides and/or the many other insecticides already established in the industry. &q n •3 Eh ■H © S| of Xl © d tO-ri tO t o £ -p <4 rH U O h O »-, © cu © -p © 3 © ■* srs © 4> bO Li cJ © © © J* en o © 9 © © © bO © o © bO 0) -p co +> o © a M © o L. 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