LIBRARY 
 «TATE PLANT ©OAWn 
 
 E-509 
 
 July 1940 
 
 BIELI0G2APHY OF TKS CODLIITC- MOTH, 1935 
 3y F. M. 'fadloy^ Division of Fruit, Insect In/osti s,r'.tions 
 
 C0I3TSCTS 
 
 Page 
 
 Introduction 1 
 
 Anorican refer 'nccs 35 
 
 Foreign rcfcrciicos 23 
 
 Australia 23 
 
 England 29 
 
 Finland 30 
 
 France 30 
 
 G-ormany 31 
 
 Hungary 31 
 
 India 32 
 
 Italy 32 
 
 Hussia 32 
 
 Spain . 33 
 
 3witzerla,nd 33 
 
 IlITaODUCTIOj 
 
 In connection vath the vrork of the Division of i'ruit Insect Inves- 
 tigations an effort is t)eing nade to revie'-/ and acstract tlie voluminous 
 current literature relating to the codling noth lorohlo:-^. The list cf 
 rofercnccs given TdcIow includes those that appeared during the calendar 
 year 1935 as far as they have cone tc the attention -of the Division. A 
 brief abstract is given with each article, indicati,ng the general nature 
 of the contents. Much of this inf orr.jation on the foreign literature has 
 "been taken from the abstracts vrhich appeared in the I.c 'i.;w of Applied 
 Sntonology. In such cases reference is nndc to the volvunc and page mm- 
 ber of the reviovr where the abstract may be found. In a few instances 
 .titles that wore lacking have been supplied by the rovie^'^er to indicate 
 the general nature of the article. Supplied titles are in brackets. 
 
 Included in this list o-re a considorable nu:nber of references to 
 experimental da\a which prior to 1935 appeared in the pools of informa- 
 tion on the codling moth that v;ere prepared and circuLated Oj the Bureau 
 of Entomology and Plant Q;aarantine at the request of the Committee on 
 Codling J'ioth of the American Association of Economic Entomologists. 
 
 Sf P 1 9 1940 
 
It is realized tho.t this 'bi'hliogr'^.phy i'^ probiblv incomplete. 
 The Division of Fruit Insect Invest ig.ations would r.pprccir.tc hr»-ving 
 called to its attention any references tint have "boon overlooked. These 
 v.dll bo included in 'bibliographies vjhich nay bo prepared lo.ter. 
 
 The anonj'TOous publications follov; those listed alphabet icall:/ bj^ 
 authors. 
 
 AM^SICAN REFEREl^^CES 
 
 Allen, H. ¥. 
 
 1935. P'anes useful to agriculture. Natl. Rcpub. 22 (ll): 12. 
 
 Shipping parasites by air; codlin/; moth parasites sent to Prcific 
 Coast stations in 24 hours, with lov/ mortality. 
 
 Barrett, R. S. 
 
 1935. A statistical method of determining the efficiency of banding for 
 codling moth, vrith eight year??' rcsult^3. Jour. Ilcon. Znt. 28: 
 701-104. 
 Statistical study of efficiency of bands. In v;alnuts. If "annual 
 build-up factor" is known, efficiency required for control can bo com- 
 puted. Equations arc given. Build-up factor v;as from 1.22 to 6,45; 
 in years 1927-53 percentage control by bands was 5.3 in old orchards 
 and 22,4 in young. 
 
 Borden, A. D. 
 
 1935. [Codling moth.] Calif. Dept. Agr. Monthly Bui. 24: 257. (In 
 Calif. Ent. Club Proc.) 
 Experiments with sprays in several places noted. Substitutes for 
 lead arsenate not very satisfactory. Early emergence in 1934 in 
 California. 
 
 Borden, A. D. 
 
 1935. Codling moth control and spray residue stiidies in California. 
 Jour. Econ. Ent. 28: 951-955. 
 Residue studied on pear and apple in northern California; seasonal 
 history end spray program discussed. Lead arsenate essentio.l in early 
 spra?/s; spreader desirable from cleaning standpoint. Build-up of de- 
 posit, loss, and grov;th in area discussed. Cold water and acid wash 
 best for cleaning. 
 
 Borden, A. D. 
 
 1935. Codling moth control in 193<!. Pacific Rural Press 129: 201, 
 Peak of emergence early in April; some emergence in mid-April 
 and raid-May. Second brood peal< in mid-July and mid-August. Heavier 
 and more thoro\igh spraying advised, Di^icussion of experiments on 
 sprays and rusiduo. Ho subrUitute yet for lead arsenate. 
 
 Borden, A. D, 
 
 1935, Band now for codling moth worms. Pacific Rural Pre^s 129: 593. 
 Instructions for banding (June). 
 
- 3 - 
 
 Bourne^ A^ I, - : 
 
 19o5, Codling moth, plvqn cnrculio and tipple nags'^ot. Ai.ier. Pomol, 
 Soc, Proc, 51: 201. 
 Survey of contr'^l methods and htibits. 
 
 Bourne, A. I. 
 
 1935, Codling noth, plun curculio and apple ixiggot. Conn. Ponol. 
 Soc. Proc. 45: 225. 
 (Sane o.s Bourne's article in Anorican Penological Society Pro- 
 ceedings.) 
 
 Bourne, A. I., o,nd Wliitcomb, V7. D. 
 
 1935. Entoaology. :-Iass. Agr. ' Exrit. Bui. 315: 38-52. (Mass. Agr. 
 Expt. Sta. Ann. Ropt. 1934.) 
 Lead arsenate gave control. Light traps against adults seen 
 pronising. 
 
 Boyce^ A. M. 
 
 1935, The codling moth in Persian walnuts. Jour. Econ. Ent. 28: 
 864-873. 
 
 In walmits. History. First noted in California in 1873; in 
 v/alnuts in IIC;^. Becane serious in southern California in 1918. 
 Out-state a.nd foreign records cited; a resume of the whole prohlen, 
 v;ith hibliography, Walnut forn nay he physiologically different 
 from apple for:^. !'-fal:'-!ut resists entry nore than capple. Varieties 
 differ in supC'^ptihility, 
 
 Heaviest emergence in May; two or three generations; larval period 
 ahout 40 days. Control "by spray of "basic lead arsenate (acid load 
 arsenate injures tree). One spray is enough except when late brood 
 becomes numerous. Lead arsenate substitutes or dusts unsatisfactory. 
 Spray application jTroblcns and. banding, discussed. 
 
 Boj^co, A. M. 
 
 1935, The codling noth in walnuts. Pacific Rural Press 129: 191, 199. 
 Summary of situation. 
 
 Notes on habits. I'^Hien 3, or 4 percent of 
 crop is infested, control should be applied to next crop. Spray of 
 basic lead arsenate is standard control; dust may suffice in light 
 infestations. Bait pans aid timing. Bands may have scne value. 
 
 Boyce, A.' M, , o-nd Braucher, 0. L. 
 
 1935. Control the codling moth. " Diamond V/j-lnut News 17 (2): 16-17. 
 Walnut spraying methods and control problem in Californip, much 
 as noted elsewhere. Special tower for jiigh trees shovm in illustra- 
 tions. One or two sprays of basic lead arsenate sufficient. ''.Tien 2 
 or 3 percent of nuts show infestation, population warrants control 
 to head off future trouble. 
 
 Brazelton, J. S. 
 
 1935. U._ S, cn-tors codliiig moth fight. Kans. Earn. 73 (l): 15. 
 Same material as in Mo. Ruralist. 
 
Brazelton, J. S. 
 
 1935. Codling moth stands more dope. Kans. Fam. 73 (9): 7'. 
 
 Notes on apparent resistance of codling moth to" poison. Hunor- 
 ous connent on a state and a cconcrcial entomologist in sane town in 
 northeast Kansas. 
 
 Braze It en, J. S. 
 
 1955. U. S. enters codling moth fight. Mo. Rur. 76' (l): 9. 
 Use of relief funds in orchard sanitation. 
 
 3rittain, W. H. 
 
 1935. 'Th.e codling moth an'l its control. Rept. Pcnol and Fruit Grow- 
 ing -So c. Qp-ehec 41: 45-50. 
 Control. Notes on habits; years 1930-34 were favorable, building 
 up large populations. Calyx spray and three others recon;:iended. . It 
 is eicpected tliat Q;acbec's codling moth probleu can easily be solved. 
 
 Brittain, !".'. H. 
 
 1935. The codling moth and its control. Jour. Agr. and Hort. 3S (ll): 
 11, 31, 43. 
 Light crop and favorable season led to high percentage of infesta- 
 tion in Quebec in 1934. Control noted; four spraj-'s advised. Supple- 
 mentary measures usually not needed in Qaob.cc. 
 
 Britten, ^f. 5. 
 
 1935. Connecticut State Entomologist, thirty-fourth report, 1934. 
 Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 368. 
 Cryolite unsatisfactory in 1934. 
 
 Burlcholder, C. l. 
 
 1935. Residue loads resulting from first and second brood sprays. 
 Ind. Hort. Soc. Trans. 74: 45-49. 
 Spraying residue will not be serious if only three or four sprays 
 are used; if more sprays are used, frv.it must be cleaned. Oil in 
 spray increases residue. 
 
 Burkholder, C. L. 
 
 1955. Can we control a moderate codling moth infestation by heavy 
 first brood spraying only? Hoosier Hort. 17: 38-41. 
 Summer sprays result in large re^i^idues if more than three are 
 applied. Oil increases residue if tised with lead arsenate. Good test 
 of thorough early spraying urged. 
 
 Burr, ':!. W 
 
 1935, Fruits and vegetables. Ilebr. Agr. Sxpt. Sta. Ann. Rept. 
 48: 14. 
 Drought and heat interfered with control experiments; nicotine- 
 oil compared v/cll with load arsenate. 
 
 Burr, \'!. V. 
 
 1935. Insects, rodents and birds. Kebr. Agr. Expt. Sta. Ann. Rept. 
 48: 18. 
 Seasonal-history studies carried on in 1934. Drought and heat 
 had marked effects. 
 
- 5 - 
 
 Chapnan, P. J. ,,■".■ 
 
 1935. The codling -noth control problen in dlBtricts infested vrith 
 appl'e' nai^got. "Jour. Econ. Ent. 28: 184-18?. 
 Control proble.;i in eastern New York; ccdlins-, .^loth is associated" 
 v/ith apple naggot, and both nust be provided for. ^'Has not increased 
 here of lato yo,ars as in other sections. Hicotinc and calciun arsen- 
 ate arc of interest but inferior to lead arsenate. 
 
 Childs, L. 
 
 1j35. Substitutes for lead arsenate in codling: noth control in the 
 Hood River Valley. Better Eruit 29 (8): 5-6. 
 Substitutes for lead arsenate; zinc and calciun arsenates shov; 
 3o:-;e promise but arc jnierior to lead arsenate; fluorides are not 
 satisfactory; oils cause conplications. Nicotinc-bontonito is nost 
 promising organic natcrial. 
 
 Claur,en, C. P. , 
 
 1955. The control of Insect posts by parasitos and predators. Blue 
 Anchor 12 (8): 4-6, 21-22. 
 Among pests n6tbd is' codling moth. A3CO,":asto r c arpocapsae , 
 present in I^Iorthca^tcrn States is being irtroducod in other sections. 
 
 Cleveland, C. E. 
 
 1935. 1934 Experiments v;ith nov-lj- developed t;i-pes of oils for codling 
 moth control. Jo-ar. Econ. Ent. 28: 715-726. 
 Oil Spreys. l^evj sum-ner oils dei.'-eloped and tested. They are easy 
 to use and sLot/ promise; are effective when combined v.dth lead arsen- 
 ate. Cleaning of residue is necessary. 
 
 Collins, D. L. 
 
 1935. Iris-pigment migration and its relation to behavior in the 
 codling moth. Jour. Expt. Zool. 69: 165-197. 
 Behavior with regard to eye condition (dark-adapted, light-adapted, 
 or changing). I'hich the same as abstracted olscvmore. 
 
 Collins, D. L., and Machado, ¥. 
 
 1935... Coranonts upon phototropism in the codling moth v/ith reference 
 to the physiology of the compound eyos. Jour. Econ. Ent, 
 28: 103-105. 
 Light responses and eye physiology in cadults. Adults are positive- 
 ly phototropic only when eyes are "da.rk-adapted." Adults are active 
 v;hen eye pigment is migrating, at rest when completely dark- or light- 
 adapted. 
 
 Cory, E. 11. 
 
 1935. Codling moth sit\ia.tion. Peninsula ?Iort. Soc. Trans. 49: 35. 
 
 In Maryland, in 1935, cool spring handicapped codling moth. 
 In western Maryland 87,1 percent v/orm-free fruit. In central Mary- 
 land 82.7 percent v;orm-free. Eo,stcrn Shore, 91.2 jjcrcent uninjured 
 in o:ne. group, 49.6 loercent in another. . General State average 80.5 
 percent. (Wcrm-fi*ee' means uninjured here.) Codling moth should be 
 controlled while at a low ebb, to prevent rise. 
 
Courtney, W. B. • 
 
 1935. [Losses from codling moth.} Collier's 95 (16): 55. 
 
 Cox, J. A., and Laniol, D. M. 
 
 1935. Ascoffast er carpoca-psao Vierock in relation to arsenical sprays. 
 Jour. Econ. Ent. 28: 113-120. 
 Parasitization "by Asco5;aster more than tv;ice as great in unsprayed 
 as in sprayed orchards. Lives of adult parasites shortened by poison 
 on foliage in cages. 
 
 Croshy, C. H. , pnd Mills, W. D. 
 
 1935. Protecting orchard crops from diseases and insects in the 
 Hudson Valley. IT. Y. (Cornell) Ext. Bull. 314: 32, 55. 
 Outline of "biology and control, much as in Cornell Extension 
 Bulletin 313. 
 
 Crosby, C, H. , Mills, \'I. D., pnd Blauvelt, ■•'. S. 
 
 1935. Protecting orchard crops from diseases and insects in western Hew 
 York. IT. Y. (Cornell) Ext. Bull. 313: 33, 55. 
 Codling moth the vrorst ITcw York apple: post. Outline- of biology^ 
 Spring emorgoncc lasts 6 or 7 wcoks. 
 
 rroiu three sprays to Tivo or six neces- 
 sary. Use of oil with load arsenate increases its efficiency (and 
 residue). Oil cannot be used with or shortly after sulphur fungicide. 
 Oil-nicotine is good for later sprays on early varieties. Chemical 
 bands help in control. Calcium arsenate is less effective than lead 
 arsenate, but will servo in light infestations '.nd lessen residue 
 problem. 
 
 Also a pest of pear; fcv/er "side v/orms" than v/ith apple. 
 
 Outright, C. E. 
 
 1935. The codling moth. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 548: 39-40. (53rd 
 Hept. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta.) 
 Warm, dry weather of 1934 was favorable; development was early 
 and season long. At harvest tine 11 percent of population was caught 
 in bi\nds. Varieties differ in susceptibility. Nicotine tannate with 
 bcntonite, and oil-nicotine, give fair results with frequent applica- 
 tion; calciim arsenate shows promise; all substitutes are 'inferior to 
 lead arsenate. 
 
 Cutright, C. E. 
 
 1935. Packing house sanitation in codling moth control. Ohio Weekly 
 Press Bull. 20: 7. April 25. 
 Packing-shed clean-up should be practiced. 
 
 Outright, C. E. 
 
 1935. F.Gscarch vrork with codling moth. Ohio State Hort. Soc. Proc. 
 68: 35-41. 
 Hcviev; of research problem and recent advances. Lead arsenate 
 still standard; other insecticides show promise, especially calcium 
 and nanganesc arsenates. 
 
Outright, 0. E. , and Morrison, H. "HI. 
 
 1935. Varietal suscepti'bilit-'' to codling motli injury. Jour. 3con. 
 "nt. 28: 107-109. 
 Varietal susceptibilitj-. Sone susceptible varieties seen to "bo 
 (l) above average size, (2) high in "boquet", (o) tender-skinned, (4) 
 sv;oet, (5) sor.io arc nidsoason. It seems doubtful whether all suscoptiblo 
 varieties can bo classified b;/ a few criteria. 
 
 Davis, J. J. 
 
 1935. Division of Sntonologj'-, Ir.d. Ext. PoDpt. PA; 55. 
 
 Late in 1934 too hot and dry for codling nor.h; hov/evor, it carried 
 
 over in considerable nu-ibors in spite of conditions and caused anxiety. 
 
 Davis, J. J. 
 
 1935. Insects of Indiana for 1934. Ind. Acad. Sci. Proc. 44: 205. 
 Early and long season; a partial fourth -jcneratiTn in southern 
 Indiana, a parti^.l third in northern Indiana. Dry heat chocked but did 
 not reduce ' species I'lto in swxner. 
 
 Davis, J. .J. 
 
 1935. The sigi\if icance of supploincntary controls in cor.bating the 
 codlii.g aoth. Ind. Hort. Soc. Trans. 74: -72-82. 
 Thinning, ground cloan-up, orvrly crop ronoval, screening packing 
 sheds, chenical bands, traps, and other supplementary controls discussed. 
 
 Davis, J. J. 
 
 1935. Progress in codling r.ioth research. Hoosier Hort. 16: 151-135. 
 
 Work in progress outlined; shed screening, orchard clean-up, band- 
 ing, trails, spraying, timing sprays. 
 
 Davis, J. J, 
 
 1935. The significance of supTjlementary controls in combatting the 
 codling moth. Hoosier Hort. 17: 27-32, 43-48. 
 Supplementary control outlined; much as .abstracted elsewhere. 
 
 Davis, J. J. 
 
 1955. Second brood codling moth control. Hoosier Hort, 17: 99-100. 
 Second-brood spray vill result in need of residue cleaning, but 
 should be applied. 
 
 Driggers, B. P., and Pepper, P. B. 
 
 1935. lurther exneriments with fixed nico-tine compounds in codling 
 moth control. Jour. Scon. Snt. 28: 162-171. 
 Control experiments in southern l^Iev Jersey. Some of the nicotine 
 mixtures compared vrell with lead arsenate in effectiveness and. injured 
 the trees less. 
 
- 8 - 
 
 Eyer, J. R. 
 
 1935. Further oliservations or. the attractiveness of esters of the 
 
 ethyl acetate series to the codling moth. Jour. Econ. Ent. 
 28: 940-9-12. 
 Disc-assi'^n of baits and of the two ostors of the cthj'-l acetate 
 series that are nost attractive. 
 
 Tarnsworth, E. 
 
 1935. C-rovrers' experiences with codling noth control. Ohio State 
 Hort. Soc. Proc. 68: 34. 
 Growers' experiences, IVaterville, Ohio. Thorough and heavj'- spray- 
 ing, and clean-up, are gaining ground against hard prohlen. Increase 
 in infestation, 1929 to 1931, fron 10 to 35 percent; "better methods in 
 1932 reduced infestation to 10 percent; in 1953, light crop, 35 percent 
 again; in- 1934, again reduced. 
 
 Farrar, H. D. , and KcGovran, S. R. 
 
 1935. [Rearing technique.] 111. State Acad. Sci. Trans. 28: 245-247. 
 
 Rearing nethods for laboratory tests. Life cycle outlined. 
 Hibernating larvae put in cold storage, brought out v/hcn needed; adults 
 3 or 4 weeks later. Technique of caging, securing oviposition, in- 
 cubation, and cntro.nco of larvae outlined. 
 
 Fitzgerald, 0. A. 
 
 1935. West. Farm Life 37 (7): 7. 
 
 l\fot seen. On parasites (bibliogrepher) . 
 
 Flint, VJ. P., et al. 
 
 1935. Progress in control of codling moth in, 1934. 111. Hort. Soc. 
 Trans. 53: 153-176. 
 
 Situation discussed. Codling moth infestation in state in 1951, 
 1932, 1933, and 1934 was 8.7, 13.5, 15.7, 11.4 percent, respectively. 
 In northern part it increased in 1934 (long warm season); elsev;here 
 heat hit codling moth. 
 
 Load arsenatc-summer oil made best spray. "Kutane" good but in- 
 jured leaves. Many other details. Soybean oil is promising but caused 
 some injury in o:ie case. Cryolite shows promise. No+-es on bands, bait 
 and light' traps, box clean-up 
 
 Flint, '■■', P. 
 
 1935. Codl'ng moth control in southern Illinois in 1934. 111. Hort. 
 Soc. Trans. 58: 450-468. 
 
 In southern Illinois .in 19.34; vorj'- heavy infestation at start, 
 ohockod by hot dry v;oather; a reduction. Infestation, 1930 to 1934, 
 vras 18.4, 12.7, 16.3, 20.5, and 10.9 percent, respectively. Notes on 
 control tests. 
 
 Use of oil with load har been effective. Old and young trees, 
 counties, materials, and spray dates compared. V/ith fall .\pplcs, lead 
 arsenate and later washing must be used. With surainer apples lead 
 arsenate in cal>-x spra;y and nicotine in cover sprays are successful. 
 
Flint, ¥. P. 
 
 1935. Controlling codlinij moth at its voi'st. Amor. Fruit Grov/or 55: 
 2, 8, 18-19. 
 A stringent cloan-up, a schcdjilc of eight or more loc\d arsenate 
 sprays, vith later residue -^vashing^, is- 'ncndOK?.. 
 
 Fluico, C. L. 
 
 195-5. Pointers for cod-ling nioth ontrol. ¥is. Fort. 25: 211. 
 
 Tinin^; sprays, ha.ids, bait tre.ps; popul'^T account, urging corrcnt 
 procedure. See Wis. Hort. 25 (lO): 235. 
 
 Fluke, C. L. 
 
 1955. Cod-ling moth bands and hooch traps, 'rfis. Hort. 25 ( lO) :' 235-236. 
 Bands and traps, T^opular account, Ini-truct:i onn for use of chemical 
 bands, a.nd for use of bait traps to determine spray dates. 
 
 Flulce, C. L. ■ 
 
 1935. The 1955 insect situe.tion. Wi:^. Hort. -35: 259. ' 
 
 In V.'isconsin in 1955. Cool spring delayed activity." Weathering 
 of late sprays can bo hastened by adding sodium silicate. 
 
 Frazier, F. A. ' 
 
 1935. Codling moth control and spr;iy roRiduo removal. Bettor Fruit 
 29: 12. Aug. 9. 
 Describes an improved tanlc-mixing inothod for -use of summer oil 
 with load .arscn-^te. 
 
 Frazier, F. A. 
 
 1935. Codling noth control and spray residue removal, llorthw. Fr. Grow. 
 7 (5): 5. 
 Notes on use of oil in arsenical sprays, featuring an enulsifier 
 made bv the author. 
 
 Garcia, F. 
 
 1955. Biology. ITow Mox. Agr. 5::pt . Sta. liept. 46 (1934-35): 27-29. 
 
 Baits and lights reduced population, but are not recommended for 
 use comnercially. Cane sirup and othyl-oxhydrate vrere best baits; 
 mercury lamp v/ith high percent of bluish end of spectrum v;as best light. 
 Nicotine with bentonito-suluhur in late sprajT-s is promising. 
 
 Garcia, H. 
 
 193 5. Palomilla de la frnita. • Agr. He:-:. 51 (8): 35-33. 
 
 Brief general account of habits and control, in Spanish. Occurs 
 in northern Mexico, 
 
 Gardner , V. H. ' 
 
 1935. Codling moth. Mich. Hort. Soo. Re}]* . S5:- 17-18 -(in article on 
 experiment station responsibilities). 
 Bad situ:atioi. for last 5 years; more thorough spraying is answer. 
 Notes on residue problem and role of experiment station. 
 
- 10 - 
 
 Gould, E. 
 
 1925, Fevrer methods and materials i'or,coiitro].ling "codling moth.. Md. 
 State Hnrt. Soc. Proc. o7: 41-45. 
 Situation outlined; favoraole weather, increase of codlinr moth, 
 residue restrictions. Iiead arsenate spra^rs ^rith later washing still 
 the best; banding, packing-shed clean-up, etc., should supplement. 
 
 Gould, E. 
 
 1P35. Better cortrol of the codling moth. Hountainoor Grower 6 (59): 
 9-13. 
 Problem is serious. Faulty spraying is most to blanc. Chemical 
 bands and packing-shod clean-up c?.re also important, 
 
 Grahar.1, 0. 
 
 1935. PreiDaration and use of chemically treated bands for codling, 
 moth control. Md. Truit Grov/er 5 (5): 5-7. 
 Chemical bands; instructions for use. 
 
 Grpha:.!, C. 
 
 1935. Seasonal activities of codling uoth at Hancock, Md. , 1935., 
 i-Id. Fruit Grover 5 (?): 8. 
 Seasonal activities in 1935 at Hancock, Md., retarded by coDlness; 
 first moths Ko.y £4. Probably no tlii rd brood this year. 
 
 Hansbcrry, T. ?,. , and Eichr.rdson, C. H. 
 
 1935. A design for testing technique in codling moth spray experiments, 
 lov/a State Coll. Jour. Sci. 10: 27-35. 
 
 Design of experiment for later analysis. Latin square, four treat- 
 ments, 15 plots, S trees per plot. On 3 trees per plot all crop was 
 counted, by lots of 10 apples each. For sample, 300 fruits per tree 
 selected — 30 lots of 10 each, consecutive. In another anal-'sis, 30 
 lots of 10 each at random. In a third analysis, entire percentage per 
 tree only. 
 
 Handon selection of 300 applos in 30 lots of 10 each gave a* good 
 picture of tree infestation.' 
 
 llegative correlation between crop size and percentage infested in 
 single trees; correlation much less by 12-treo groups. 
 
 Hansberry T. H. and Hichardson, C. H. 
 
 1935. [Baits. J lovra Kort. Soc. Trans. 70: 13-15. 
 Not scon. Bait records (bibliO::';raphcr) . 
 
 Harman, S. ''■. 
 
 1935. How we met the codling moth situation in western New York in 
 1934. Jour. Scon. Ent. 28: 187-189. 
 In western New York in 1934. Stjocios lias grovm v.-orse in Niagara 
 vicinity in last 10 years. Heavy dosage of load arsenate and use of 
 oil in early sprays, with close attention to washing fruit, reduced 
 injury considor.-.bly. 
 
- n - 
 
 Harman, S. ■.•^ , Roed, T. '■'. , and Mack, G. I.. 
 
 1935. The insecticidal efficiency of various nicotine compounds for 
 
 control of the codling moth, 19:^4. Jour. Econ. Snt. 28: 109-112, 
 Nicotine coinpounds tested; did not coiripare v;ell with load arsenate 
 in effectiveness and cheapness, "but might be used in later sprays v;ith 
 good effect in some cases. Oil-nicotine and hentonito-nicotino were 
 most promising. 
 
 Ha soman, L. 
 
 1935. Entomology. Ho. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 358: 62-67. (llcpt. m. 
 Agr. Expt. Sta. 1933-1934). 
 In 1934, four generations; midsuinr.er heat injured moths. Adults 
 in nid-May, end of June, end of July and Septemher. iJiainorous investi- 
 gations on spray materials reported. Zinc arsenate shows promise. 
 Banding and winter cloan-up proved value. Hibernating larvae; 1.9 
 percent on ground, 89,4 percent on trunk, 6.2 percent in crotches and 
 big limbs, 2,5 percent on small liuibs. Packing-shod control and bait 
 and light traps investigated. 
 
 Hasema-n, L. 
 
 1955. Six notorio-as enenies of bumper crops, ao. Pur. 76 (lO): 3, 24. 
 Codling moth increased in recent years, but has a lighter popula- 
 tion this year. Notes on spray schedule and clojin-up. 
 
 Hav;kins, E, 
 
 1935. [Codling moth control.] 111. State Hort. Soc. Trans. 68: 487- 
 489. 
 Sanitation and sproy schedule ( 11 sprays) described by grov/er. 
 "Practice the usuoA control methods in an miusual v;ay." 
 
 Headlee, T. J. ' 
 
 1935. Research needs of codling moth control. Jour. Econ. Ent , 28: 
 172-176. 
 Needs in research. Sum;.-ia.rizes important contributions to control, 
 with bibliography. Needs: To fit practices to natxiral control, to 
 reduce wintering population, kill adults, kill eggs (without in,1uring 
 tree), and kill larvae (v/ithout injuring tree or leaving residue), 
 Winter clean-up offers best opportunity to reduce populo,tion; 
 nicotine-bontonite praised. 
 
 Hcdrick, U. P. ' ■ 
 
 1935. Apple insects. N. Y. (Geneva) Agr. Expt. Sta. Kept! 53: 42-43 
 (for 1953-1934). 
 Codling moth has increased in importance in western New York. Tests 
 of lead arseiiate substitutes reported; none were very good, but nicotine- 
 oil and calcium arsenate show promise. Studies of clean-up practices 
 and residue washing reported. 
 
- 12 - 
 
 Hodrick, U. P. 
 
 1935. Phototropic responses of the codling noth. N. Y. (Geneva) Agr. 
 3xpt. Sta. Kept. 53: 48-49 (for 1935-1934). 
 Light traps and responses rjtudied. Of 9,000 moths, 43 percent were 
 female. Benefit of li^jht traps doubtful. Heavy winter killinvT of 
 coding ncth in 1933-1934. 
 
 Heidcr, H. P. 
 
 1935. Growers' experiences with codling moth control. Ohio State Hort. 
 Soc. Proc. 63: 28-30. 
 Growers' experiences at Chesapeake, Ohio. Increasing control 
 difficulty, ¥ith strong effort, loss reduced to 50 percent with fair 
 crop; but bands show t'nat population is reduced and hope is. felt for 
 further inprove:~ient . 
 
 Herbert, P. 
 
 1935. [Codling Koth.J Monthly Bull. Calif. Dept. Agr. 24: 257. 
 
 Considerable danage in 1934, especially to pears. Exporincnts 
 with sprays; oil and nicotine show sone promise. "Adverse publicity 
 has hurt lead arsenate." 
 
 Herrick, G. V\ 
 
 1935. Once nore, the codling noth. Rara.1 Hew Yorker 94: 56, 68. 
 
 Popular outline of life and seasonal history. Orchard and packing- 
 shed clean-up, banding a^id spray reco:ar;!endations discussed; three 
 schedules for orchards of difforent grades of inf-^ station. I'/ashing 
 off residue is necessary. 
 
 Hixson, E. 
 
 1935. Innect -ocst studios. Okla. Agr. Ex-^t. Sta. Sept. 1932-1934: 
 255-259 . 
 Ai;ong posts noted in 1933; checked by heat in 1934. 
 
 Hodgkiss, H. E. 
 
 1935. The codling moth situation in Pennsylvania. Jour. Scon. Snt. 
 28: 609-612. 
 Pennsylvania situation. In :nost places control is satisfactor-" 
 if v;ell carried out. In four counties (not named) codling uoth is out 
 of hand. Better clean-up and more spray applications are recomriended 
 for these. Kotes on recorx^endations, percentage of grov/ers follovring 
 them, residue, etc. Load arsenate, proper tining, and thoroughness 
 arc essential. 
 
 Hodgkiss, H. E. 
 
 1335. Old facts or new fancies. Pa. Hort. Assoc. News 12 (l): 59-75. 
 Control; recent changes. Sanding, residue problem, and cleaning 
 residue discussed. Cooperative observations allow good study of seasonal 
 history. Spray recoin^iendations; lead arsenate substitutes not satis- 
 factory. 
 
- 17 - 
 
 Hou^:h, V^_ S. . . ■ . , ■ 
 
 1935. Codling moth contrr)! problem in the Shenar.doah-CuralDerland fmit 
 rogion. Jour. Scon. Ent . 2E: 514. • 
 
 In Shcnandoah-Cviraljerland region; brief siiuinary of r.^corr-iendations 
 and practice. 
 
 Eoxxgk,' V. S.- 
 
 1955. Hcsults of e.xperinionts with nonar^ienicf^ls for codling moth control. 
 Trans. Peninsula Kort. Soc. 1934: 13-14. 
 Nicotine-oil and cryolite with oil shov;cd proniso as late sunr.ier 
 spraji-s. 
 
 Kouser, J. S. , at a,l. '■ 
 
 1935. Report of codling moth couimittee (of American Association of 
 Sconomic Entonologists) . Jour. Econ. Ent'. 28: 8-9. 
 Chief activit3'- has "been to sponsor codljng moth conferoncn and 
 arrange for distribution of uirneographod infor.-iation. 
 
 Hutson, Tl. 
 
 1935,. The no re. important apple insects of Michigan. Kich. Ho-rt. Soc. 
 Hcpt.. ^5: 35-36. 
 In 1935, less loss fron codling r.ioth than usual; late cool season. 
 Tir.iing sprays discussed. Fixed dates vdth modifications by cxperincnt 
 station seen best; tro/os may aid in timing. .... 
 
 Iddings, S. J, 
 
 ■ 1935.; Entomology. Idaho A=,'r. Expt, Sta. Bull. 217: 28. (Agr. Expt. 
 
 Sta. Rept. 1934.) 
 Hot-water sterilization of boxes; 190°-196° ?. for 30 seconds," or 
 150^-152'^ I. for 60 seconds, was' effective against cocooned -larvae. 
 Pyrcthrujn kills.' adults. 
 
 Isely, D., 'and Schwardt , H. H. 
 
 1935. Entomology. Ark. Ag.r. ^^xpt. Sta. Bull. 323: 34-35. (47th Rept. 
 Ark. Agr. Expt. Sta.) 
 Sprays gave fair results, 1934. Lead arsen^itc with oil, 5.4 per- 
 cent v/ormy; \rithout oil, 15.2 percent; eight sprays. Substitutes for- 
 load ars'onato wore pooT. Banding is a good supplement. • ■ 
 
 Johnson, E. C. 
 
 1935. Eo3rv;ard without load in codling moth war. l^Trthw. Fr. G-row.- 
 7 (10); 4, 14. 
 History of problem in '.'fashington. Calcium arsenate -seems promising. 
 
 Kcilholz, F. J. 
 
 1935. Entomology invest i^:ations. 111. Agr. S^cpt. Sta. Roiot.- 1933-1^34: 
 
 ■ ■ 148-150. ' ' _ • ' 
 
 ■ '■ Severe injury in Illinois-. Table of results with different spray 
 
 ■ materials. Lead arsena,te, v/ith lime and oil, 'in the lead. Oil-nico- 
 tine substituted in late sprays with fair results. 
 
- 14 - 
 
 Kelley, V. 7. 
 
 1935. A sur.;.iar7 of £;ood orchard practices. 111. Hort . Soc. Trans. 
 38; 314-c25. 
 Clean-up practices urged. 
 
 Lanar, H. H. 
 
 1955. [Codling moth control.] 111. Hort. Soc. Trans. 63: 489-491. 
 
 A grower had good' success with sanitation, heavy spray schedule, 
 and v/ashin^. 
 
 1935. Apple harvest precautions. I'.'is. Hort. 25: 5. 
 
 Packing sheds; adults very numerous in such places, should "be 
 
 dealt with. Traps at Sturgeon Bay, ¥is., caught com-pciTr.iiYely fev; 
 
 noths; light infestation in 1935. 
 
 Lipnan, J. G. 
 
 1935. Orchard insect investic;ations. H. J. Agr. Zxpt. Sta. Rept. 56: 
 
 41- 
 
 42. 
 
 A neglected orchard studied. Oil and nicotine sprays conpared 
 with lead arsenate. ITicotine sulphate and tannate vrith "bentonito and 
 sur-.er oils co;".ipared vgII vrith lead arsenate. Spray injury stixdied. 
 
 List, C-. M. 
 
 1935. Codling moth control in Colorado. 111. Hort. Soc. Trans. 68:" 
 177-191. 
 In Colorado dry conditions and regular crops favor codling moth. 
 It has increased steadily for 40 years until it is a li.iiting factor. 
 Strain- of codling moth in Grand Valley is more hardy and vigorous than 
 in East. Infestation heavy in 1934. 
 
 Experiments noted in detail. Oil improved control when used, vrith 
 lead arsenate, as did spreader. Cryolite shov/s promise; Kutane gave " 
 poor results; omission of any sprays gave increased injury. Banding, 
 packing-shed clean-up, and similar practices are urged. Notes on bait 
 traps (useful), Trichogramma (not useful), washing;, etc. 
 
 Lock^.-zood, S. 
 
 1955. Three peach insects that need v.'atching. Calif. Cult. 82: ' 
 659, S97. 
 Codling moth more abundant than usual (in California in 1935). 
 A long season with moths numerous late in the s\immer led to unusual 
 infestation of peaches in places. Habits compared v;ith those of the 
 oriental fruit moth and poach twig borer. (The latter is more common 
 than codling moth on peach in California.) Clean-up measures urged. 
 
 Lockv/ood, S. 
 
 1935. Control of the codlir.g moth. Blue Anchor 12 (4): 4-5, 23. 
 
 IJotes on habits, orchard and packing-shed sanitation, sprays. 
 Calyx and 3 cover sprays advised in Sacramento Valley. Bait pans for 
 timint-' sprays, chemicp.l bands, discussed. 
 
Mackie, T). 3. 
 
 1935. Entonolo^-ic-a service. Bull. C-.lif. Der)t . Arr. 24: 412. 
 
 Sterilization of "boxes \>y ncf-ns of vacuujn funi,.?;atioii with 40 
 pounds of carlaon disxxlphide and carbon dioxide per 1,000 cubic feet^ 
 with te^Lperature over SO'"* F. and exposure of 2 hours or noro, is 
 effective against hibernating If.rvae in boxes. 
 
 1935. Field cntor.ology. 3ull. Calif. Dopt. Agr. 24: 422. 
 
 Abundant in pears in Sacrancnto Valley in 1934; spread to peaches, 
 in one case 1 percent infestation in peaches. 
 
 Mahcux, G. 
 
 1935. The codling moth in the province of QLiebcc. Hopt. Ponol. and 
 ITruit Grovring Soc. Quebec 41: 71-73. 
 
 ■.'/orst fin:>it pest of Qiiobec. Histor;', habits, ond control outlined. 
 
 i-'iarshcall, G. E. 
 
 1935. Preventing spring e.-crgence of codling r.oth fron inaccessible 
 places on trees. Jour. Econ, Snt. 28: 120-122. 
 Substances to kill larvae vdntering on bark in inaccessible places. 
 A nui?.ber tested; alpha-naphthylaninc in parairax, tallow, or crank-case 
 oil, with hydrated line, vras effective. Cost, 12 cents a tree. 
 
 i^iarshall, G. E. 
 
 1935. Present status of chenicall" treated bands for use in codling 
 r.oth control. Ind. Kort. Soc. Trans. 74: 41-44. 
 Be.nds tested. Alpha-naphthylanine gave good results v;hen used with 
 oil and. po.rawax , and was the best substance tried. 
 
 Harshall, G. S. 
 
 19'35. 1934 Codling noth spray tests. Ind. Hort. Soc. Trans. 74: 52-65. 
 Sor.o substitute.^5 for lead ,'\,rscnato showed promise, but none v/ere 
 . cqiial to lead arsenate with su;-.i:.;er oil -^nd soap, 1934. Hcsiduc vrash- 
 
 j- ng via s n o c c s s a r j " * 
 
 Marshall, G. E. 
 
 1935, 1934 spra,y tests. Hoosier Hort. 17: 21-24. 
 
 A number of sprays tested; much as abstracted elsev;here. 
 
 Marshall, G. Z, 
 
 1935, Present status of chemically treated ba,nds for use in codling 
 moth control. Hoosier Kort. 17: 35-37, 
 Chemical bands a cheaper way than spraying to kill codling moth. 
 Alphanaphthylamine with lubricating oil and parawax has led other 
 materials in results. 
 
 I^iarslaall, G. E. 
 
 1935. Electrocutor light traio tests with codling moths. Hoosier Hort. 
 17: 41-43, 
 Electrocuting light traps, a number tested. Moths not attracted 
 far from orchard. Traps useful in packing shed. Best light tested was 
 15'7. mercury vapor tube. 
 
 UBRARY 
 STATE PLANT BOARD 
 
- 16 - 
 
 Marshall, G. Z, " * 
 
 1935.. Ti.-rfing .sprays bv use of bait traps. Hoosier Hort. 17: ,6'9-73. 
 
 Bait traps for timing sprays described; give picture of ad^ilt 
 flight, Molasses with a little citrcnella, or brovm sugar sj'rup vdth 
 a little oil of sassafras and saponin, are good. 
 
 Marshall, C-. E. 
 
 1955. The use of soaps, spreaders and stickers in codling moth sprays. 
 Hoosier Hort. 17: 101-103. 
 ITotcs on soap spreader; has added to success v/ith oil and lead arsen- 
 ate, Water from different sources varied with respect to amount of soap 
 needed. 
 
 Marshall, G. E., and Hienton, T. E. 
 
 1935. Light traps for codling moth control. Agr. Iingin. 15 (9): 365- 
 368, 371. " • 
 
 A number of lights tested, lights rotated. Mercury vapor tube, 
 15 v.'att, v.'as in lead. 
 
 Marshall, J, • ■ • • 
 
 1935. The experimental application of calcium arsenate for codling moth 
 control in an arid region. Jour, Hcon. Ent, 28: 960-965. 
 Calcium arsenate used v/ith success in Nova Scoti-^, vdth lim6 or 
 ferric oxide. Most places report it unsatisfactory; less effective 
 against codling moth, more injurious to tree. 
 
 Experiments in V'ashington "tate show that in a dry district, with 
 buffer materials, calcixim arsenate is safe en trees. Its effectiveness 
 is not yet as high ;\s de<^irod, but it shov;s promise. 
 
 Marsh-xll, J. 
 
 1935. Soap-lead arsenate and koror.eno-soap lead arsenate nixturcs in 
 codling noth control.- Forthw. ?r. Grow. 7 (2): 4, 14, 
 Soap is heljjful but may cause so.me tree injury in lead arsenate 
 spray; a:anonia or amine soaps better than alkali soaps. Kerosene used 
 v;ith soap increases deposit. Soap and kerosene at "dilutions used are 
 not in themselves insocticidal. 
 
 Marshp.ll, J., Side, ?•. M. , and Priest, A. E, • 
 
 1935. Increasing and .maintaining lead arsenate deposits for codlirig 
 moth control. W sh. State Hort. Assoc. Proc. 30: 52-64. 
 Oils and soaps may help in building up spray cover "of lead o.rsen- 
 ato. Comparison of different oils; fish-oil, oleic acid, and mineral 
 oil. ■■ - 
 
 Marshall, J., and ' Groves,' K. 
 
 1935. The present status of calcium arsenate in' codling moth control, 
 ■.'fesh. Hort. Assoc. Proc. 31: 14li-150. 
 Calcium arsenate given careful trial. Some spray fbrm.ulas show 
 . promise; all .'^iUst be used with buffer. Considerable detail given. 
 
 (."Average deviation" used to measure significance. "Difference 
 exceeding average deviation is probably due to actual difference in 
 the material.") 
 
- 17 - 
 
 McCown, H. 
 
 1935. rruning as an aid, in codling moth control. Ind. Hort." Soc, Trans. 
 74: 32-33. 
 Pruning proijerly ia of help in spraying and banding. 
 
 McCown, M. 
 
 1935. [Pinining in control.] Hoosier Hort. 17: 24-25. 
 
 Pruning is an aid in effective sprayirig and banding. 
 
 i'icCov;.'., M. 
 
 1935. Scab and codling moth yield to v;ell planned programs. Hoosier 
 Hort. 17: 147-148. 
 ?rogr'\n wn.s succOv^sftil in Indian-^, in 1955. Mostly on scab. 
 
 McGuire, D. 
 
 1935. [Codling r.icth control.] 111. St.-te Hort. Soc. Tr;;uis. 63: 485- 
 487. 
 Describes control procedure (10 sprays lc--^,d arsenate) and necessary 
 washinr^. Praises use of oil v/ith lead arsenate. Of his apioles, 72 
 percent were ITo. 1 ^rade. 
 
 McMullin, J. 
 
 1935. Results and recommendations in the practical use of natural 
 cryolite. iTorthvj. ?r. Grovr. 7 (11-12): 4, 11. 
 Advocates use of- crvolite in latter part of season, from control 
 and residue standpoints. . . ■ 
 
 Mc^'Hiorter, 0. T. 
 
 1935. Tree scrapin-- for noth control. Bettor Jruit 29 (B): 14-15. 
 
 Tree scraping essential for successful banding. l-:ethods and costs 
 noted. 
 
 KevrcoTier, E. J. 
 
 1935. Orcliard sanitation for the control of the codling moth. Wash. 
 State Hnr.t. Asso-c. Proc. 31: 140-141. 
 Orchard sanitation; banding with. chemical bands, cleaning iip 
 boxes, etc., recom:";endod. 
 
 Newcomer, E. J. 
 
 1935. [Codling moth control.] ITebr. State 3d. Agr. Rept. 1935: 547- ■ 
 552. 
 wot seen. Chem.ical bands, treating boxes (bibliogrp.pher) . 
 
 Nev/coner, E. J. 
 
 1935. Codling noth — a national problem. Setter Fruit 29 (S): 8, 21. 
 Some recent problems and advances in control. 
 
- 18 - 
 
 Newton, J. H. 
 
 1935. Codling moth studies, North Fork Yalley of Colorado. Colo. 
 Agr. Expt. Sta. 3ull. 414. 47 pp. 
 In I'Torth Fork Valley (Paonia, etc.). Life history discussed in 
 detail. A second generation 40 to 50 percent complete. Second-gonoi'o.- 
 tion adults rare. Spring adults in May and June, first-generation 
 adults in July and August'. Outline of control program; 5-spray schedule, 
 Trichogramma present, nay parasitize 50 percent or more of eggs in 
 Septe:nbcr. Oil with load arsenate improves control "out should "bo usod 
 cautiously. Clcan-up measures and "bands arc of value; "bait and light 
 traps help in tining spray. Su'bstitutcs for load arsenate arc un- 
 satisfactory. 
 
 Newton, J. H. 
 
 1935. Codling-moth control experiments of 1934. Colo. State 3nt. Cir. 
 55. 23 pp. 
 
 Activity and infestation high in 1934. Season early and long. A 
 bulletin full of detailed reports of biology cuid control. 
 
 Population in 1934 v/as three times as grecfct as in 1933, one and 
 one-half times as ^^roat as in 1932, and twice as great as in 1951. 
 
 Control cxTicrimcnts and results. Lead arsenate good; oil improved 
 it but nicotine did not. Film coverage is bettor than spot coverage 
 and easier, to wash off. Calcium casoinato is helpful. Cryolite is 
 promisin.;:; but hard to remove v;ith acid v/ash. Costs .^ivcn. 
 
 Niven, L. A. 
 
 1935. Los?ons from Arka;isas station. Prog. Farm. (wiss. Yc^.l. ed. ) 50 
 (12): 19, 41. 
 Quotes Isclv as saying load arsenate must bo main dependence in 
 control; bands may hfilp in bo.d infestation. 
 
 Overlay, F. L. , Overholscr, 3. L. , St. John, J. L. , and Groves, K. 
 
 193 5. Further experiments in spro.y-residuc removal. Proc. Wash. State 
 Hort. Assoc. 30: 77-82. 
 Residue removal. Sprays of load arsenate with soap or oil con- 
 trolled codling moth, but loft residue too great for ordinary washi.ig. 
 Tandem wash of hydrochloric acid and sodium silicate needed, with 
 addition of oil. 
 
 Parks, T. H. 
 
 1935. Present status of codling moth control in Ohio. Jour. Scon. 
 Ent. 28: 512-613. 
 Three cover sprays arc sufficient except in Ottavra and Lawrence 
 Counties where more control is noedod. The codling moth has increased 
 but is not out of hand. 
 
 Parks, T. H. 
 
 1935. The status of codling moth control in viow of recent developments 
 and restrictions. Midwest Fruitm. 8 (10): 3, 9. 
 Review of control situation in general and in Ohio; much as ab- 
 stracted elsewhere. 
 
Parks, T. E. 
 
 1935. The status of codling moth control in viov; of recent dovelopncnts 
 and restrictions. Ohio State Hort. Soc. Proc. 68: 41-46. 
 Recent dovolopiannts; favorable weather, rapid noth increase, 
 residue restriction. Orchards nay "be divided into heavily and lightly 
 infested. In latter, four sprays will do, and calciun arsenate or oil- 
 nicotine nay "be substituted for lead arseiiato in last spray. In bad 
 orchards, six or eight sprays, using lead arsenate, or lead arsenate 
 with oil, later v;ashing; also clean-up and banding. 
 
 Parrott, P. J. 
 
 1935. Spray problems: in retrospect and prospect. II. Y. State Hort. 
 Soc. Proc. 80: 25-33. 
 No naterial change. Hudson and Champlain areas enjoying light 
 infestation and curtailed spray program; no residue cleaning necessary. 
 Reverse is true in western Nevr York. Lead arsenate and line is best, 
 heavy dosage, six co^rer sprays. Lead arsenate and oil may bo used early 
 in season, Nicotine may bo of value in early varieties. 
 
 Parrott, P. J., and Collins, D. L. 
 
 1935. Some further observations on the influence of artificial light 
 upon codling noth infestations. Jour. Econ. Ent. 28: 99-103. 
 Influence of light traps. Electrocuting light traps decreased the 
 percentage of injured apples markedly, but did not give donplcte con- 
 trol and were too expensive for practical use. 
 
 Persing, C. 0. 
 
 1935. A discussion of various oils in spray conbinations vrith lead 
 
 arsenate, cryolite and barium f luosilicate. Jour, Scon. Ent. 
 28: 933-940. 
 Study of oil with stomach poisons. Codling moth is one of insects 
 studied. Oils added to deposit of lead arsena.te or fluorides and gave 
 more mortality. Oleic acid v;as better than mineral oil with lead 
 arsenate. 
 
 Patch, C. E. , . 
 
 1935. Discussion, Pomol, and Eruit Growing Soc. Q;uebec Rapt, 41: 50. 
 
 Control, Calcium arsenate is all right in light infestation; lead 
 arsenate is best, ''fitn six sprays injury was 1.86 percent. Sanitation 
 shoiild be practiced. 
 
 Pickett, A. D. 
 
 1935, Insect outlook for 1936. Nova Scotia Eruit C-rowers' Assoc. Rept, 
 7^: 71-^2, 
 Codling moth increased in 1935. Sproys: Calyx, post-calyx, and 
 July, 
 
 Porter, 3. A. ' 
 
 1935, Lead arsenate substitutes still sought for the control of fruit 
 insects. U. S.. Sept. Agr. Yearbook 1935: 24^-246, 
 Search for substitutes for le;.xd arsenate. Other arsenicals, 
 fluorine compounds, nicotine combinations, derris, and pyrethrum, tried. 
 All show some good features but none are fully satisfactory. 
 
- ,3C - 
 
 Portor, 3. A. 
 
 1935. Recent developments in codling noth control. Pa. State Hort. 
 Assoc, ilews 12 (l): 51-58. 
 Hcccnt control devclopnonts outlined. Load arsenate substitutes 
 so far not entirely satisfactory. Use of lead arsenate v/ith later 
 v/ashin^ is present practice. Traps are still experimental. Clean-up 
 and "bands bave value. 
 
 Porter, 3. A. 
 
 1955, This codling moth battle. Mountaineer Grower 5 (59): 5-9, 
 
 Problem of high population and residue restrictions outlined. 
 
 Shenandoah area is intermediate between hoavily infested V/estcrn 
 and lightly infested Northeastern States. 
 
 Nicotine is best approach to the desired substitute for lead 
 arsenate, so far. Fluorides, derris, pyrethr\im, and calcium arsenate 
 are not fully satisfactory. Light traps for adults reduce population 
 but are expensive. Trichogramma ineffective. 
 
 Richardson, C. H. 
 
 1935, Bionomics and control of the codling moth and apple maggot. Iowa 
 Agr. S-po. Sta. Rept, 1935: 112-113. 
 1934 was hot and dry and apple crop was small. Oil-nicotine in lat€ 
 sprays proved good. Bait traps gave seasonal-history records. "June 
 drop" apples have very fev larvae. B^-nds on both trunk and limbs are 
 • needed. Trees are more heavily infested in upper part, small crops are 
 
 more heavily infested tlmn large ones; 300 apples from a tree give a 
 ■ good picture of codling moth infestation. Infestation may increase 
 markedly in last few v;eeks. 
 
 Roark, R. C. 
 
 1935, Research to find substitutes for lead arsenate. Conn. Pomol. 
 Soc. Proc. 45: 159-155. 
 Substi-outes for lead arsenate; the field reviewed. Organic com- 
 pounds most pror:ising. 
 
 Roberts, B. T. 
 
 1935. Our experiences in control of codling moth and our methods in 
 the harvesting and packing of fruit, hid.. State Hort. Soc. 
 Proc. 37: 45-47. 
 Control and hr.ndling mothods. Attributes much of his own trouble 
 to trees being larger and harder to treat than a few years ago. Plans 
 to do more thorough spraying. 
 
 Robertson, W. H. 
 
 1935. Report of provincial horticulturist. Brit. Colurn. Dcpt. Agr. 
 Ropt. 29: R-29-R-30. 
 Codling moth was in all important orchard districts of British 
 Columbia in 1934. It is rated as the worst orchard post. Control 
 by tinely spraying is feasible. 
 
 Ryan, H. J. 
 
 1935. AnnTial report of the agricultural commissioner. County of Los 
 Angeles. Calif. Agr. Monthly Bull. 24: 278. 
 Codling moth on walnut in California. Earlier than usual in 1934, 
 with heavier infestation. 
 
- 21 - 
 
 Scarf f, H. N. 
 
 1935. Growers' experiences with codling moth control. 6hid State Hort, 
 See. Proc- 68: 31^33. • 
 Control not very satisfactory. Spray schedule discussed, with 
 weak and strong points. Calyx spray is very eesential. First cover 
 spray should have been earlier. 
 
 Schoene, W. J. 
 •1935. Codling noth clean-up. Virginia Fruit 23 (12): 12-13. 
 
 Clean-up in winter urged, both in orchard and packing shed. 
 
 Schoene, W. J., and Jefferson, R. K. 
 
 1935. Tests of contact insecticides on the eggs of the peach moth and 
 the codling moth. Jour. Econ. Ent. 28: 182-184. 
 Ovicides; orthol K. , with or without nicotine, v/as effective; . 
 nicotine- and soap sprays less effective. 
 
 Schowcngcrdt, G. C, ^fest, D. C, and Murneck, A. E. 
 
 1935. Causes of cull apples. Mo. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 343: 18. 
 
 Codling moth one of chief causes of cull apples in Missouri in 
 1928 'and 1929. Late brood caused injury; some stopped spraying too 
 soon. In southwestern part of Missouri neglected orchards caused 
 spread to commercial orcha.rds. 
 
 Sherman, F. Ill 
 
 1935. Drained crank-case oil for codling moth bands. Jour. Econ. Ent. 
 28: 31. 
 Bands with oil; used drained crank-case oil with good results. 
 
 Sherman, F. Ill 
 
 1935. Preparation and use of chemically treated codling moth bands. 
 Midwest Fruitm. 8 (lO): 7. 
 Instructions for banding. 
 
 Sicgler, S.H., and Mungor, F. 
 
 1935. A laboratory spray apparatus. -Jour. Econ. Ent. 28: 704-706. 
 
 Lnboratory sprayer described; for uniform application in toxicity 
 studies. 
 
 Skimier, J. H. 
 
 1935. Department of Entomology. Ind. Agr. Expt. Sta. Rept. 48:, 33-37. 
 
 Substitutes for lead arsenate arc unsatisfactory; wp.shing off 
 residues is necess,':>jry. Timing sprays bettor, use of screens and trp.p 
 lights in packing houses, and chemical bands, have been found good. 
 Cavity fillers and debris burning seem promising. Light traps are 
 being studi-ed. 
 
 Smith, L. E., Munger, F., and Siegler, E. H. 
 
 1935. Phenothiazine, a promising new insecticide. Jour. Econ. Ent. 
 28: 727-728. ' ■ 
 Phenothiazine is as toxic as lead arsenate to codling moth in 
 laboratory. 
 
- 22 - 
 
 Sr.ith, R. H. 
 
 1935. Possibilities 'Of controlling- codling- noth with nicotine vapor. 
 Proc. V/r.sh. Str.tc Hort. Assoc. , ,30: ;72-75. 
 On nicotine vapor agaln-s-t" adult s-;~ vaporized in tree. ■■ 
 
 Smith, S. H., .and Pcrsing, CO,.' 
 
 1935. Further report on nicotine vapOr in codling noth control. Jour. 
 Scon. Snt. 28: 971-975. 
 nicotine vapor as a tree funigant; can kill adults by 15 to 30 cc. 
 of 50 percent nicotine per tree in open air on calm day. It is 
 possible that control by spraying might be simplified by a few nico- 
 tine treatments costing about 6 cents per tree. 
 
 Sr.ith, 3. K., and Persiiig, CO. ■ ,• 
 
 1935. Codling moth control by killing the mot.h. Better Fruit 29 (9): 5. 
 
 I'otes on killing adults. Traps have not been successful. Experi- 
 ments with use of nicotine vapor under curtains described. It is very 
 toxic to moths. 
 
 Smith, P-. H., and Pcrsing, CO.. 
 
 1935. Further report on nicotine vapor for codling moth. Northvr. Fr, 
 Crrov. 7 (7): 4. 
 ITotos on tree fvimigation or sprays .against adults; as noted else- 
 where. 
 
 Stearns, L. A. ■ 
 
 1935. Comments concerning codling moth control in Dclavrare. Jour. 
 Fcon. Ent. 28: 176-182. 
 In Delaware; spring emergence and development, and spray program, 
 summc'\rized for years 1930-1934. Lead arsenate ^-rilth subsequent v;ashing 
 recommended. 
 
 Stc\rns, L. A., HacCreary, D, , pud Haden,. ^*/. R. 
 
 1935. Bionomics and control of the codling moth ( Carpocapsa pomonalla 
 L.) Del. Agr. Sept. Sta. Bull. 192: 32. 
 In Delaware; control problem receiving study. So far use of lead 
 arsenate and subsequent washing seems best. Population was lovrer and 
 dcvcloTJment later in 1934 than in several years previous. 
 
 Stearns, L. A., Rice, P. L., and Guy, H. G. 
 
 1935. Results -of experimental spraying, during 1935, for control of 
 the codling moth. Peninsula Hort. See. Trans. 49: 95-102. 
 Spraying experiments. Codling moth less abundant in 1935 than in 
 1934. Cool, wet weather retarded it. Seasonal history outlined. 
 First adults ifey 5^ first larvae Hay 30, first suiimer adults July 8. 
 Control v/as effective. Spray results and recommendations. Lead arsen- 
 ate most satisfnctory poison. Oil in earlier sprays is helpful. 
 
 St^iner, L. F. 
 
 1955. An improved codling moth trap. Jour. Econ. Snt. 28: 1075-1076. 
 Development of bait trap described; tv/o wide-mouth jars with 1/3- 
 inch screen covers. 
 
- 23 - 
 
 Steiner, L. F. 
 
 1935. The codling moth and its control under Tennessee conditions. 
 Proc. Tenn, Hort. Soc, 29th and 30th Conventions: 44-53. 
 Tennessee status. A vexing problem; becoming more difficult to 
 control. Life cycle outlined. Thorough sprays properly timed, clean- 
 up, and banding urged. 
 
 Steiner, L. F,, Ackerraan, A. J., ajid Hasiilton, D. ¥. 
 
 1935. The value of supplementary measures in -the 'Codling 'moth control 
 program. Ind. Hort. Soc. Trans. 74: 34-41. 
 Supplementary controls discussed. Clcan-up reduced injury about 
 40 percent. Banding is valuable. Bait traps o.rc useful in timing 
 sprays; light trri.ps show promise but are too expensive. 
 
 Stcinor, L. F. , Ackernan, A. J., and Hamilton, D. W. 
 
 1935. The value of supplementary measures in the codling moth' control 
 program. Hoosicr Hort. 17: 52-58. 
 Bands, baits, and lights discussed, much as noted elsewhere. Clean- 
 up and chemical bo,nds reduce population. Bait traps help in timing 
 sprays. 
 
 Steiner, L. F., Sazama, R. F. , and Fahey, J. E. 
 
 1935. Insecticide tests to control the' codling moth at the Vincennes, 
 
 Indiana, laboratory during 1934. Ind. Hort. Soc. Trans. 74: 
 
 66-71. 
 Spraying alone is inadequate with heavy infestation. Detailed 
 reports of tests. Ten sprays failed to control, and residue could not 
 be washed off satisfactorily. Oil-nicotine shov;ed promise for late 
 summer as compared .with lead arsenate. Cryolite and copper cyanide 
 were effective but hurt tree or fruit. Better and more frequent early 
 sprays should have been used. 
 
 Strong, L. A. 
 
 1935. Early clean-up catches moth. Northw.Fr. Grow. 7 (2): 5. 
 Urges early season attention to orchard and shed sanitation. 
 
 Swcnk, M. H. 
 
 1935. How the 1934 drouth affected the codling moth life c:.'-clo. ITebr. 
 Bd. Agr. R. for 1935: 555-563. 
 Mild dry viinter unfn,vorn.blc, dry v;arm spring hastened development. 
 High midsummer temperatures killed so;ne moths. 
 
 At Lincoln, first emergence of generations, liay 9, June 12, July 
 21, respectively. Many data on broods. 
 
 Symons, T. B. , . 
 
 1935. Entomology. Md. Ext. Rept. 1934: 62. 
 
 Situation somewhat better than in the last tv/o years, due to better 
 control. 
 
 Symons, T. B. 
 
 1935. The passing of a decade. Univ. Md. Ext. Serv. Summ. Ext. Activ. 
 1924r-1934. 73 pp. 
 Infestation reduced from 18.14 percent in 1930 to 6.2 percent in 
 1934 by better methods. Residue problem can be solved. 
 
- 24 - 
 
 Terpen, E. 
 
 1935. Banding applo troos. Pac. Rut. Press 130: 473. 
 
 Notes' on methods and results witli. chemical bands. . They arc advised 
 for heavy infestations. 
 
 Troth, w. S. 
 
 1935. What is the most practical control for the codling noth? 111. 
 Hort. Soc. Trans. 68: 473-485.. 
 An Indiana grower outlines conditions which will affect codling 
 noth in next crop; present population, weather, clcan-up work, next 
 year's spraying. Lead arsenate and sumer oil host; nicotine nay be 
 used on sum:aer apples after first cover spray. Points in good clean- 
 up discussed. 
 
 Troth, «. S. 
 
 1935. More codling noth notes. Hoosier Hort. 16: 163-165. 
 Various notes on control experiments in progress. 
 
 Troth, l»i. S., and Marshall, G. E. 
 
 1935. The cost of controlling apple insects and diseases, with special 
 reference to the codling moth. Jour. Econ. Snt. 28: 698-701. 
 Cost of control. Cost of production estimated at 78 cents per 
 bushel in Indiana; with 40 cents of this chargeable to pest control, of 
 which 33 cents is for codling moth. 
 
 Troth, M. S., and Marshall, G. E. 
 
 1935. The cost of controlling apple insects and diseases, ^^rith special 
 reference to the codling moth. Hoosier Hort. 17: 183-185. 
 Cost of control; as abstracted elsewhere. 
 
 Trunblo, R. E. 
 
 1935. Kryocido. Northw. Er. Grow. 7 (9): 5, 15. 
 
 Believes natural cryolite sprays late in season to be of great 
 value. 
 
 Van Leeuwen, E. R. 
 
 1935. Investi,^.tions of baits attractive to the codling noth. Wash. 
 Hort. Assoc. Proc. 31: 136-139. 
 Baits investigated; 250 materials tested. They help to show 
 develojjnent in the field, thus timing sprays; also may actually reduce 
 moth population. 
 
 V/akeland, C. 
 
 1935. Some factors influencing codling noth control. Better Fruit 29 
 (8): 10-11, 20. 
 
 Factors reducing overv/intering codling moth; Clean-up of apples, 
 boxes, orcliard; natural mortality. 
 
 Factors favoring first brood: high winter survival, early spring, 
 warn nights for oviposition, large areas in orchard, bad weather for 
 spraying. Factors reducing first brood: Destruction of wormy apples, 
 chemical bands, enemies, spraying. 
 
 Factors favoring large later broods: High first-brood survival, 
 long warm season, extensive orchard areas, poor spraying. Difficulties 
 are caused by. careless neighboring growers. 
 
- 25 - 
 
 Evory condition favored codlin,-]; ':ioth in 193? in Idnho. 
 
 !'/hcn conditions are so favorable, a qtovict nust kill 99 percent 
 of each generation to got a 95 percent clean crop. A 95 percent kill 
 is not nearly enough. Thorough and timely sprays, especially calyx 
 and first cover, urged. 
 
 Webster, R. L. 
 
 1935. The codling moth and the weather. Jour. Econ. Ent. 28: 956-960. 
 
 V/eather relations. Inportant factors: , Initial infestation. May 
 temperatures (warr.th favors oviposition) ,' August te'nperatures (v;arnth 
 lengthens season), v/inter tenpcraturos (affect survival). Early first- 
 generation adults and stragglers between broods may be important. Four 
 years out of nine since 1925 bad (1929, 1931, 1932, 1934) in Washington. 
 
 Webster, R. L. 
 
 1935. Codling moth control in Washington.. Better Fruit. 29 (8): 3-4, 
 22. 
 Cool nights in May and cool Augusts are unfavorable to codling 
 moth. Mild v/inters are favorable. All factors tended to make 1934 a 
 bad year in Washington. Work is going forvrard to find substances which 
 aid in building up lead arsenate cover; neutral soap is promising. 
 
 Webster, R. L. 
 
 1935. Weather and moths. Northw. Fr. Grow. 7 (l): 9. 
 Notes on v/eather effects, as abstracted elsewhere. 
 
 V/ebster, R. L. , and Marshall, J. 
 
 1935. ITon-arsenicals and non-lead arsonicals for codling moth control, 
 Wash. Bui. 325 (Expt. Sta. Rept. 45): 36. 
 Nicotine-oil gave some control. Calciun arsenate and zinc arsonitc 
 gave good results. 
 
 Wicks, ,W. .H* 
 
 1935. Report for Idaho. Calif. Dcpt. Agr. Spec." Pub. 137: 29. 
 
 Control in Idaho; a bad problem. Losses, 1931, 12.4 percent; 1S32, 
 16,4 percent; 1933, 28.1 percent; 1934, 16,0 percent. Better spray 
 timing and removal of worthless trees sought. 
 
 Wolff, K. L, 
 
 1935, Plant pest control, Los Angeles County, Calif., Rept. Agr. 
 Comnr. 1935: 8-23, 
 In Los Angeles Coxinty, Calif,, 1934-35, only 4,805 acres of pears 
 and apples sprayed as against 7,000 in 1933-34. Late worms were a 
 problem on pears. Two to five sprays used. On v/alnuts control v;as 
 satisfactory. Notes on compulsory control. 
 
 Woods ide, A. M. 
 
 1935, Chemically treated codling noth bands. Va. Fruit 23 (4): 25-24. 
 
 Chemical bands are valuable in Virginia. Thoroughness in v;ork 
 urged, procedure described. 
 
- 26 - 
 
 ^rTorthlcy, H/ N. 
 
 1935. l-.'atchnan, what of the codling' moth? Rural Nov; Yorker 94 (531S): 
 167, 171, 181. 
 Popular discussion; seriousness; nodern crop conditions favor 
 codling noth; v/orny fruit now unsalahle. Recent spraying problems. 
 Use of chenical bands, light traps, and arsenical substitutes. 
 
 Worthley," H; II. • • 
 
 1935. Codling aoth. Pa. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 320: 29. (48th Annual 
 Report.) 
 Lead arsenate and fish oil gave control with heavy residue; 2 covers 
 of read arsenate with later sprays of oil-nicotine gave control and 
 nodorate residue. Fixed nicotine is promising. Notes on ba,hds, baits, 
 lights. 
 
 Worthley, H. N, , and Marston, L, C.- 
 
 1955. Codling moth research in 1934. Pa. State Hort. Assoc. News 
 12 (1): 96-107. 
 Research in 1934 in Pennsylvania discussed; noBtly on spro.jring. 
 Fish oil adds to effectiveness of lead arsenate. Chemical bands were 
 useful. Codling moth seems likely to be less numerous in 1935 than in 
 1934. 
 
 Yociun, '.^ V. .•...•• 
 
 1935. [Codling moth cohtrol.] Nebr. State Bd. Agr. Rept. 1935: 552- 
 555. 
 Control tests, 1934, unsatisfactory because of drought.-. Nicotine- 
 oil nearly equaled lead arsenate. 
 
 Yothers, M. A., Allen, P. 5., and Scheffer, P. M. 
 
 1935. High percentage of parasitization of codling' moth eggs by 
 
 Trichogramma minutiom in the V/enatchee, V/ash, , district. Jour.. 
 Econ. Ent. 28; 247-248. 
 Trichogramma parasitized over 80 percent" of Carpocapsa eggs in 
 sane orchards late in sua-ier in Washington; 20 percent at end of June. 
 Paras itization highest in neglected orchards.' 
 
 Anonjnnous 
 
 1935. Pruning aids codling noth control.. Amer . Fruit Growei* 55 (4): 
 ■ ■ ' • 26. ' ■ ■■ 
 
 Anonyr.ious 
 
 1935. Recor.r.iendations' for codling moth control in Washington, for 1935. 
 Better Fruit 29 (9): 3-4' 
 In V/ashington, 1935; Tecomriendations, much as abstracted from a 
 State publication. 
 
 Anonyi.ious 
 
 1935. Scientists hunt high and low for new ways to kill apple worms. 
 Citrus Indus. 16 (3): 24. 
 Notes on search for bettor control methods in the United States, 
 very general. 
 
- 27 - 
 
 1935. Annual field day, at Bedford. Hoosicr Hort. 17: 110-111. 
 
 Alpha-naphthylanino and old crank-caso oil, 1 to 3, good for put- 
 ting in tree holes to destroy wintering larvae. 
 
 Anonymous 
 .1935. Codling moth survey in western Maryland for 1934. Md. Hort. 
 Soc. Proc. 37: 35. 
 Ta'ole shows details, 18 orchards; fruit free from insect injury 
 was from 59,3 to 95.3 percent, average 78.2 percent. Nearly all in- 
 sect injurj'- v;as from codling moth. 
 
 Anon5T!io\is 
 
 1935. Codling moth survey on Eastern Shore for 1934. Hd. Hort. Soc. 
 Proc. 37: 37. 
 Table of seven orchards; fruit free from insect injury 43.1 to 
 95.6 percent, average 73.2 percent. Most insect injury was from 
 codling moth. 
 
 Anon^-ious 
 
 1935. Biology. ITew Kcx. Agr. Expt. Sta. P.ept. 45: 36-42. 
 
 Mercury light more attractive to adults than ordinary electric 
 TduIId, Cane-sirup "bait increases attractiveness of light. 
 
 Anonymous 
 
 1935. Department of Entomology. Purdue Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta. Rept. 
 47: 33-37. 
 Lead arsenate with oil is the leading insecticide. Sanitation 
 and handing are useful. 
 
 Anonymous 
 
 1935. Recommendations for codling moth control in ^'/ashington for 1935. 
 Wash. Ext. Bull. 201, 7 pp. 
 
 Federal workers 'ind State research, extension, college, and State 
 Dcprjtment of Agriculture workers cooperate on control, ^'^intcr clean- 
 up of sheds, handing, thinning out wormy fruit, timing sprays properly 
 and applying them thoroughly. Lead arsenate should he used and residue 
 washed off. Oil may "be used in a few early sprays with lead arsenate; 
 nicotine-oil is also good early in summer. Fluorides should not "be 
 used, 
 
 Anonjiiious 
 
 1935. Spray committee bulletins. Northv/. Fr. Grow, 7 (7): 10. 
 Hotes on seasonal progress; second-brood sprays urged. 
 
 Anonymous 
 
 1935. Codling moth control progrsim outlined for 1935. Wash. Farm. 
 60 i.e. 70: 95, 112. 
 Standa,rdized uniform recommendations of State and Federal authorities 
 in -.'ashington State. 
 
- 28 - 
 
 Anonymous 
 
 1935. • Prunings fron the field. Blue Anchor 12 (9): 15. 
 
 ITotes on weather and hrood activities; abstracted frbn entomological 
 publications. 
 
 Anonymous 
 
 1935. Scientists hunt new v;ays to kill codling moth. Midv;est Pruitm. 
 8 (9): 5. 
 Reviev/ of search for nev; methods; nicotine promising. 
 
 Anonymous 
 
 1935. Early clcan-up to catch early codling moth worm. Hidv/ost Fruitm.. 
 8 (9): 7. 
 ■Hotos on sanitation. 
 
 Anonymous - .- , : 
 
 1935. Recommendations for codling moth control in '.fcshington for 1935. 
 Northw. Fruit Grov/r-r 7 (3): 4, 5. 
 Standardized rccomnendc?,tion3; as abstracted elscvfherc. 
 
 Anon^-mous • ~ ■ 
 
 1935. [Notes on supplononto.l codling r.oth control methods.] Horthv/. 
 Fruit Grow. 7 (5): 4. 
 Brief notes from scientific reports. 
 
 Anonymous • ' • -■■ . ■; . . ;:;M.-;::. ■■■":• :v •■ ••;;:.;•;.- 
 
 1935. Northccntral I'fashington spray bulletins. Northvr. 7r. Grovr. 7 
 (6): -6. - 
 
 ITotcs on progress of insect '^nd orchard v/ork; use of mincr-^.l oil 
 (3/4^) as ovicide is urged. 
 
 ^OBSIGN REFSPE'ilCES 
 
 Australia 
 
 All'^.an, S. L. 
 
 1935. The codling moth problem. Results of trials at Bathurst. Agr. 
 Gaz. IT. S. './ales 46: 459-463. (Rev. Appl. Ent. 23: 720.) 
 Control tests. Lead arsenate was best; oil increased its effec- 
 tiveness. Bands v;ere helpful. Residue problem noted. 
 
 Fov/ler, R. 
 
 1935. Codlin moth experiments, Blacki-food, 1934-1935. Jour. Dept. Agr. 
 So. Aust. 39 (4)} 458-467. (Rev. Appl. Ent. 24: 210.) 
 Experiments on control, detailed plat studios, bait traps, bands. 
 Five sprays put on; oil substituted for lead arscfiato-in last three 
 with good results. Two broods; adults November and February. 
 
- 29 - 
 
 Jarvis, H. 
 
 1935. -Codlin.inotla control "by non-arsenical .sprays. Q;ueensland Agr. 
 Jour* 43 (l): 5-8. (Also Queensland Ent. Panphlet 21.) 
 (Rev. Appl. Ent. 23: 257.) 
 Tests of substitutes for load arsenate. Nicotine-oil gave better 
 results than lead arsenate, others poorer. 
 
 Neivman, L. J. 
 
 1935. Descriptive account of the codlin noth, together vrith notes on 
 its control. Jour. Dopt . Agr. West. Aust. (2) 12: 264-277. 
 (Hcv. Appl. Ent. 24: 133.) 
 A post over Australia, except V/cstcrn Australia, v/hero it is not 
 found. Outline of habits and control. 
 
 Wickcna, G. '<!. 
 
 1935. Codlin moth. Jour. Dcpt. Agr. West. Aust. (2) 12 (l): 89. (Hcv, 
 Appl. Ent. 23: 396.) 
 An infestation discovered in Western Australio.; 10 acres. Efforts 
 made to clean it up. 
 
 Anonymous. 
 
 1935. Insect pests and their control. Agr. Gaz. H. S. Wales 46: 19-23, 
 105-109, 441-445. (Rev. Appl. Ent. 23.) 
 Notes on biology and control in ilev; South Wales. 
 
 Anonymous 
 
 1935. Qiaarantine Proclamations lOP and 11?. Commonv/ealth Aust. Gaz. 
 49. (Rev. Appl. Ent. 24: 119.) 
 Regulations to prevent introduction into Western Australip. from 
 other parts of Australia. 
 
 England 
 
 Adkin, R. 
 
 1935. Laspeyresia ( Carpocapsa ) pomonella , L. ; some notes on its life- 
 history in Britain. Entomologi'^t 68: 25-26. (Rev. Appl. Ent. 
 . 23: 189.) 
 Spring adults late in June and July. A parti?,l second generation, 
 depending on July temperature. Some larvae may hold, over tv;o winters. 
 
 Greenslade, R. M. , Massoe, A. M. , and Thomas, E. J. D. 
 
 1955. Apple blossom v;eevil experiments in 1934. Imi^regnation of tree- 
 banding materials. Rept. E. i/;allin.;-- Research Sta. (1934) 22: 
 180-184. (Rev. Appl. Ent. 23: 427.) 
 Chlorinated naphthalenes in bands seemed to attract codling moth 
 larvae, and did not injure them. 
 
 Kearns, H. G. K. . , 
 
 1955. Insect pests of gardens in the Bristol district and how to con- 
 trol them. ?roc. Bristol Nat. Soc. 7: 542-548. (Rev. Appl. 
 Ent. 23: 665.) 
 Control; lead arsenate or derris vdth sulphur, barium f luosilicate, 
 and soar). 
 
- 30 - 
 
 HassGG, A. I'-I. 
 
 1935. ITotcs on nito and insect peatg for the year 1934. Rept. 
 
 E. Mailing Research Sta. (1934) 22; 165-172. (Rev. Appl. Snt. 
 23: 426.) 
 Codling moth occurred on apples in Kent in 1934. 
 
 Staniland, L, N. , and Beaunont, A. 
 
 1955. Eleventh annual report of the department of plant pathology for 
 the year ending September 30th, 1934, Panphlot Scale-Hayne 
 Agr. Col. No. 44, 59 pp. (Rev. Appl. Ent. 23: 621.) . 
 Codling noth appeared to. be on increase in Devon and Cornwall in 
 
 1954. - . . 
 
 Warburton, C. 
 
 1935. Annual report for 1934 of the zoologist. Jour. Roy. Agr. Soc. Eng- 
 land 95.: 532-537. (Rev. Appl. Ent. 25: 255.) , . 
 Second brood injurious." • 
 
 Annonyaous ; ■ ■ 
 
 1955. [Fruit tree pest orders of 1955.] Statutory Rules and Orders, 
 
 Gt. Britain 1955, ITo. 61 (Kent); Statutory Rules and Orders, 
 Gt. Britain, 1955, No. 183 (Berkshire). London. (Rev. Appl. 
 Ent. 23: 219.) 
 Authorizes compulsory control for these counties at discretion of 
 local authorities. 
 
 Finland 
 
 Linnaniemi, 1'/. K. ■ 
 
 1935. [Report on Finland plant pests 1917-1923.] Valtion 
 
 >Iaatalouskoetirainta Julkaisuja 68. (Rev. Appl. Ent. 23: 516.) 
 Codling moth occurs among fruit pests of Finland. 
 
 France 
 
 Balachowsky, A., and Viennot-Bourgin, G. 
 
 1935. Note sur le cycle evolutif du carpocapse dans la region parisienne. 
 Corapt. Rend. Acad. Agr. France 21: 1018-1024. (Rev. -Appl. 
 Ent . 24: 84. ) 
 Loss in France 200,000,000 francs a year. Near Paris, one full 
 generation and a very small second genoro.tion in 1934 and 1935. Adults 
 from May to August,, mostly late in May and in June. 
 
 Bruneteau, J. 
 
 1955. Considerations sur les traitements des arbres fruitiers. 
 Rev. Zool. Agr. et Appl. 34: 1-12, 21-51. 
 
 (Rev. Appl. Ent.' 25: 502.) 
 Codling moth among pests of southwestern Franco. Control outlined. 
 
- 31 - 
 
 Joessel, ?. H. 
 
 1925. Remarqiaes sur la biolo^i/ie du carpoc.vjDse. juII. Off. A^t. Hidi 
 53, pp. 23-o2. (Rev. Appl. Snt . 23: 531.) 
 Codling moth numerous around. Avignon. Author clairs to have found 
 larvae 'nining in bark. First .larvao in applos ^ot^^t end of lla:/ , nearly'- 
 two i-ionths after "bloom. Reco-.-nor-ds sprays of fliioridos or nicotine 
 tdnnatc, , Regulations against arsonicals need rc'-ision. 
 
 Joessel, P. H. , and Suav, J. 
 
 1935. Sssais de traitements contre le carpocapso on 1S34. Bull. Off. 
 Agr. Midi 55: 260-308. (Rev. Appl. Ent . 33: 71S.) 
 Control experiments at Avignon on pear. Arsenicals in a 3-spra.y 
 schedule gave good control, load arsenate (diprarabic) "best. Rosults 
 vrere much poorer when calj'.oc spray was omitted. 
 
 i'archal. P., and Regnier, R. 
 
 1935. Des conditions d'efficacite cTes tr-iitansnts covitre lo cai-pocapse. 
 Compt. Rend. Acad. A^r. France 21; 1100-1107. (Rev. Appl. 
 Ent. 24: 85.) 
 In Normandy, adults in Juno-July; very srall seco:\d generation iii 
 Augaft. Sprays: Pre-'olossom, petal-fall, one later (aoou-t first of 
 (June); should he later spraying. Sprayinrjr; continuod till early in Jul;- 
 gave good results. 
 
 Marchal, ?,, and Rognicr, R. 
 
 1935. Houvcllcs experiences sur Ic traitement dxs roiriors ct pomjiiiors 
 contre la tavelure et la carpocapse. Gompt. Tend. Acadi Agr. 
 France 21: 1108-1111. (Rev. Appl. Int. 24: 85.) 
 'At Lyons, April, and 'May sprays controlled first ^--enoration, "but the 
 second generation is injurious. 
 
 Germany 
 
 Kaercks, E. 
 
 1935. Ueher die Wirkung von ITikctin und Pyrethrum auf die Zier d-es 
 Ajjfelwicklers (Carpocapsa pomonella L. ; u^-d des hekreuzten 
 Traubenvficklers (Polychrcsis botrana Schiff.) Anz. Schadlings- 
 kunde 11 (2): 13-19. (Rev. Appl. 3nt. 23: 2;;6.) 
 Nicotine and. pyrethrom sprayeci. ozi eggs did not hnrt embryo , but 
 killed larvae as they liatched (if not washed off in mc"ntimc). 
 
 ■ ' ■ ■ Hungary' 
 
 Fari, L. 
 
 1935. Eeitrage zur Leberisweise und Bekam.pfung der Apfelwickler 
 
 ( Cai-pocapsa ' pomonella L. ) in Ungarn. -Boraszati Lapok 15. 
 32 pp. (Rev.~"Appl. Ent. 23: 632.) 
 Severe injury in lower localities. In 1934, a partial third 
 generation (uxiusual). Control s-as:gestions. ■ 
 
- 32 - 
 
 IncMa 
 
 Pruthi, H; S. ■ 
 
 1935. The codling moth in India. Agr. aad Livestock in India. 5: 522- 
 523. (Hev. Appl. Ent. 24: 72.) 
 ITot previously noted in India (except doubtfully from Kashnir). 
 Authentic record made on apple in 3aluchi?tan, at Quetta, 1955. • 
 
 Italy 
 
 Jamionc Lodispoto, G. ' ' 
 
 1935. [Soae critical notes on present "biological knov/ledge of C. 
 
 p omonell a. J Ortofrutticoltura Ital. 4, 5. (Hev. Ap-pl. Snt. 
 23: 522.) 
 Heviev;s Italian literat-:iro on codling moth. Doubts Joessel's 
 statement thit L'\rv^,e may mine vrood. 
 
 Malenotti , E. 
 
 1935. [Third contribution on work against apple pests.] Italia Ap:r. 
 72: 217-237. (Hev. Appl. Ent. 23: 302.) .. 
 In 1934 a partial third generation; six sprays gave better results 
 than four, and heavy dosage of lead arscnata v;aR better. 
 
 Melis, A. 
 
 1935. [Use of breeding cages and bait trap pans to determine best 
 date for arsenical spray against C. poi.ionella .] Note di 
 Erutticoltura 1935/ ITos. 4-6. (Hev. Apr,l. Ent. 23: 119.) 
 Advises use of breeding cages and bait pans to time spray applica- 
 tions . 
 
 Hussia 
 
 Kolokiiova, V. A. 
 
 1935. [Poisoned bands in control of codling moth.] Plant Protection 
 
 1935, fasc. 3, p. 117. (Leningrad.) (Rev. Appl. Ent. 23: 617.) 
 In central Hussia chemical bands were effective, but lost thoir 
 oil in one or t^-ro months. 
 
 Kovalova, M. F. 
 
 1935. [Chemical control of codling moth.] Plant Protection 1935, fasc. 
 3, p. 118. (Leningrad.) (Rev. Appl. Ent. 23: 518.) 
 Only first generation vras important in Voronezh in 1932. Some 
 control notes. 
 
 Rekk, G. F., Vashadzo, V. N. , and Makharashvili, l\ D. 
 
 1935. [Testing mineral-oil emulsions against orchard posts, report 
 
 1932-1933.] Trud. zonal 'naia stantsiia plodovogo Khoziaistva 
 2, Tiflis. (Hev. Appl.' Ent.' 23: 674.) 
 Eggs succumbed to oil sprvs in Georgia (Russia), 1932 and 1953. 
 
- 33 - 
 
 Spain 
 
 Crarcia, C. C, and Moreno, A. A. 
 
 1935. El "gusano" de las manzanas y pei-as. Zevv. Agr. Nac. (Spa.in); 
 Sstac, Patol, Veg. Levante (Valencia). 
 General account of "biolory, injury, control; little of local 
 Spanish interest. Usually two generatloni:j. Ad/Jses I'-'ad arsenate 
 spray; calyx and two first-brood covers. V/here pest is mmierous, two 
 socond-'brood cover sprays advised in July. Cheniical bonds advocated. 
 Treat tender trunks with lime-sulphn.r or iron sulphate-lime solution 
 after scraping. 
 
 Sv/itzerland 
 
 Bovey, P. 
 
 1935. Observations sur le cycle evolutif de Laspeyresis (Carpocapsa) 
 pom one 11a L. en Suise romande. La Kurithionne Bulletixi 52: 
 45-65. (Rev. Appl. Snt. 23: 593.) 
 Notes on vreather and adult activities. Two arsenical sprays are 
 insufficient when conditions are favorable. A second generation may 
 develop. The species xiras injurious in 1933 and 1934. 
 
 Facs, H. 
 
 1935. Station foderalo d'ossais viticolos a Larisanno ot Domaine do 
 Pully. Rapport annuel 1934. Landwirtschaf tliches Jahrbuch 
 der Schweiz 49: 619-664. (Rev. Appl. Ent. 23: 735.) 
 Codling moth quite injurious in warm season: second genr^ration 
 occurred. Control unusually difficult. Chemical bands were use;''ul. 
 
 Wiosmann, R. 
 
 1935. Untorsuchungen uber den v/eiblichen Genitalapparat, das Ei und 
 
 die Embryonalentwicklung dcs Apfclwicklers Carpocapsa (Cydia) 
 pomonella L. Mitt, schweiz Ent. Gcscll. 16: 370-377. 
 (Rev. Appl. Snt. 23: 215.) ' 
 
 On fer.:alc genitalia, cg-r, and embryonic dovulopmont. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 
 
 3 1262 09224 7419