iV7*a.//*:io u THE PANAMA CANAL AND ITS PORTS PORT SERIES No. 40 REVISED 1946 CORPS OF ENGINEERS UNITED STATES ARMY WAR DEPART ME.NT CORPS OF ENGINEERS. US ARMY N ,-S E A BAY OF PANAMA BOARD OF ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS LOCATION MAP OF PANAMA CANAL ZONE O I E345feT89 10M1LES SUBMITTED APPROVED CHIEF STAT^sflCIAH COLONEljCORPS OF ENGlNtERS.US » DRAWN Bv.iiy.e-.... WAR DEPARTMENT CORPS OF ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES ARMY PORT SERIES No. 40 (REVISED 1946) THE PANAMA CANAL AND ITS PORTS PREPARED BY THE BOARD OF ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS WAR DEPARTMENT UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1946 CONTENTS Page Port and harbor conditions: Brief history 1 General description ----- - - _ - ___-_--_-__ i Ports - ~ ■ - 3 Tides and tidal currents __---_-__-__ 3 Weather conditions ---___-__-___------___ 5 Anchorages- -------------------------- 6 Port customs and regulations: Administration -------- ----__-____-__ n Arriving and departing vessels - - ______________ 12 Documents required --------------------- 13 Quarantine regulations -------------------- 17 Immigration ._.-__, ______ _ _ 21 Exclusion of undesirables ------ _____ _ _ 21 Exclusion of Chinese ________ 22 Customs ------------------- ______ _ 24 Admeasurement of vessels --- ________________ 26 Navigation of the Canal and adjacent waters ______ 26 General -----------_-..__ -__-_____ 26 Requirements concerning officers, crew, equipment and passengers ----- _-__-_--_--__-__ 27 Navigation in Canal and harbors ------------- _ 28 Accidents and claims -- _-__--_--__-_____- 29 Radio communication ____-- -_ _-- __ 29 Miscellaneous ___-__-_ __-__-,_,_ 30 Transportation of hazardous cargoes in Canal Zone waters 31 Explosives __.__.__,_ ___-_ _,_,_._._ 31 Hazardous cargoes in bulk, other than explosives ------ 33 Port services and charges: Quarantine -___---____--_-_------------ 35 Customs fees _--- _-------_--_-___-_- 36 Tolls 37 Handling lines 39 Fire protection -____-___--..- 4.0 Pilotage - - - > . 40 Dockage or wharfage __--_____ 4.3 Changes for mooring to buoys __---_----_-_--_--- 45 Right of basin - -46 Towage 4-7 Lighterage __■-_, ___- _ 4.8 Storage ______________ 4.3 Handling 51 Stevedoring and transferring cargo ---------------- 52 Labor 62 Miscellaneous -charges -------- _-__-_ _____ 63 Ml CONTENTS- Continued Page Fuel and supplies: Electric current - __________________ 65 Provisions ___ ____ __ 65 Water supply ______---_---- 66 Coal bunkering 66 Oil bunkering &9 Port and harbor facilities: Piers, wharves, and docks at Cristobal _________ 73 Piers, wharves, and docks at Balboa ___________ 80 Freight-irsndling machinery 36 Storage warehouses ----------- _________ 88 Bulk freight storage 88 Dry docks and marine railways ____ 88 Marine repair plants __________________ 91 Floating equipment _____ _ 93 Salvage equipment 95 Communications: Railroads- ___ 99 Panama Railroad Company freight classification and tariff - - 99 Switching 103 Storage 105 Car demurrage ______ ___ ____ 105 Steamship services ____ ____ 106 Air lines 108 Cables 108 Radio 108 Commerce: Canal traffic 111 Principal commodities transported ____ ______ 114. The Panama Canal as a route for United States traffic - - - - 126 List of piers, wharves, and docks at Cristobal --------- 129 List of piers, wharves, and docks at Balboa --- _____ 131 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Location map of Panama Canal Zone _____ Frontispiece. Atlantic entrance and Cristobal Harbor - _____ 2 Gatun Locks 2 Gaillard Cut, general view _____ ______ __ 2 Gold Hill, Gaillard Cut 2 Pedro Miguel Locks ___ _____ 2 Panama Canal at entrance to Miraflores Lake --- _____ 2 Anchorage area and entrance channel at Atlantic entrance - - - - 8 Anchorage area and entrance channel at Pacific entrance ----- 9 Piers Nos. 6, 7, and 8, Cristobal 72 General view of Cristobal terminals _____ 72 Interior of shed on Pier No. 18, Balboa 88 Dry dock at Cristobal 88 Floating crane "Hercules" at Gatun Locks 94- Port facilities map of Cristobal 130 Port facilities map of Balboa 132 WAR DEPARTMENT THE BOARD OF ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS WASHINGTON 11 September 19I+6 SUBJECT: Report on the Panama Canal and its Ports TO: The Chief of Engineers, United States Army 1. There is transmitted herewith a revised report on the Panama Canal and its ports, prepared "by the Board in furtherance of the objects entrusted to the War Department by section 500 of the Transportation Act of 1920. 2. The present report is published as Ho. kO of the Port Series and supersedes Port Series ITo. 22, published in 1938* The information contained in this report relative to the Canal and its two important terminals was made available to this office largely through the courtesy of the Governor of the Panama Canal, The report was compiled in this office under the super- vision of Mr. Warren E. Graves, chief statistician, and was then reviewed by the Governor of the Panama Canal. 3» On account of the value of the information contained in this re- port to commerce and shipping, and to the successful operation of the mer- chant marine, it is recommended that it be published, with the accompanying illustrations. SOU THB BOARD: Colonel, Corps of Engineer^ ^ Resident Member — eers OFFICE OP THE CHIEF OP ENGINEERS 11 September I9U6 TO: The Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, Washington, D. C, Approved. R. A. WHEELER Lieutenant General Chief of Engineers INTRODUCTION This report on The Panama Canal and its Ports, published as No. 40 of the Port Series, supersedes Port Series No. 22, issued in 1938. The reports of the Port Series cover the principal ports of the United States and are prepared to meet the needs of the War Department in its study and development of harbors and it encouragement of port facilities and to furnish information needed by commercial and shipping interests in the promotion and expansion of trade. The Panama Canal is a route from one ocean to the other, some 10,000 nautical miles shorter than the distance around South American, through which vessels may, with a maximum of safety and a minimum of delay, transport the cargo offered. The ports of CristoT>al and Balboa are adjuncts o^ the Canal and their functions are different in many respects from the functions of ports in continental United States. They provide facilities for bunkering end repair of vessels transiting the Canal, for the unloading and reloading of cargoes trans- shipped from one vessel to another, and for the receipt of supplies and pro- visions for the maintenance of the Canal or for use by Canal personnel. While this report necessarily differs somewhat in scope and outline from others in the Port Series, it is believed that shipping interests, importers, exporters, and others having occasion to use the route either for through busi- ness or for cargo to be transshipped at the Canal terminals will find it a convenient source of reference. The report contains information relative to the Canal and its traffic, the rules, regulations, and charges governing transit of the Canal, and the facilities available, the services offered, and the charges assessed at the two terminal ports. Much of the information for the report was obtained from current tariffs and publications of The Panama Canal, which also supplied data regarding the facilities at the ports. The ^inal report has been reviewed by the Governor, The Panama Canal. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/alitspoOOunit THE PANAMA CANAL AND ITS PORTS PORT AND HARBOR CONDITIONS BRIEF HISTORY As early as 1550 the nations of Europe had considered a passageway through the Isthmus of Panama as a short cut to the Orient. Portugal, Spain, Holland, and France all made plans to cut a canal, but all were forced through circum- stances to relinquish their hopes. The French, under Count Ferdinand de Lesseps actually started operations but, on account of insufficient funds and the ravugei of tropical fevers, were obliged to desist. Finally, in 1902, the United States upon the advice of the Isthmian Canal Commission, offered the French $40,000,000 for their concession and equipment. This offer was accepted and, after having made treaties first with Colombia and subsequently with Panama, work on the Canal was finally started in 1904.. It was opened to commercial vessels on Au- gust 15, 1914 and in 1920 President Wilson declared the work formally completed. Up to that time a total of 24-0,000,000 cubic yards of earth had been excavated and a total of $366,650,000, exclusive of appropriations for defense, had been expended . GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Canal Zone is a strip of land and water extending a distance of ap- proximately five miles on either side of the center line of the Panama Canal. The Canal Zone begins in the Caribbean Sea three marine miles from the mean low water mark and extends to and across the Isthmus of Panama into the Pacific Ocean to a distance of three marine miles from the mean low water mark. In ad- dition to the above area, the Canal Zone includes Gatun Lake and all its shore line up to the 100-foot contour, an extension of the Fort Sherman Military Re- serve tion at the mouth of the Chagres River, and the Madden Lake area in the upper Chagres Valley including its shore line up to the 260-foot contour and the land in the vicinity of Madden Dam. The treaties exclude from the Canal Zone the city of Colon and its harbor on the Atlantic side and, on the Pacific side, the city of Panama and its harbor and the "Sabanas Land" (located north- east of Panama City) excepting Paitilla Point Military Reservation. The total area of the Canal Zone is approximately 553 square miles, composed as follows: Square Miles Land area 362.18 Water area (excluding water within the 3-mile limits) 190.9%. Total area of the Canal Zone 553.12 The noncontiguous Canal Zone area comprising Paitilla Point Military Reservation is included in the above area. There are several small noncontig- uous areas used for various outlying lighthouses, radio stations, etc., includ- ing Fort de Lesseps in the city of Colon, which are not part of the Canal Zone or included in the above area. In transiting the Canal from the Atlantic to the Pacific a vessel passes through a dredged channel 500 feet wide, 41 • 6 feet deep at mean low water, and 6.3b nautical miles long, leading to the Gatun Locks, the first of a series of three locks. The Gatun Locks, which consist of three flights of chambers, raise the vessel from sea level to Gatun Lake, a lift of 65 feet. These locks are double, being 1.01 miles long and 110 feet wide. Each chamber is 1,000 feet long, with intermediary gates which can shorten the length for smaller vessels and thus conserve water. All operations are performed from a central control » station. The ship is moored to electrically-operated towing locomotives which run on tracks on both sides, pulling the ship through and keeping it in position so that it will not injure itself or the mechanism of the locks. Once out of the Gatun Locks, the vessel proceeds under its own power * Atlantic Entrance and Cristobal Harbor, Gatun Locks. Photo by U. S* Army Air Service Gaillard Cut, General View. Gold Hill, Gaillard Cut. Photo by U. S. Amy Air Service Pedro Miguel Locks, Photo by U. S Army Air Service Panama Canal at Entrance to Miraf lores Lake, through a channel in Gatun Lake. This channel varies in width from 1,000 to 500 feet and from 85 to 45 feet in depth. It does not run in a straight line through the lake, but follows the former valley of the Chagres River, the waters of which have been impounded to form Gatun Lake. Having passed through the lake, the vessel enters Gaillard Cut (Culebra Cut), a distance of 20.58 nautical miles from Gatun Locks. This cut is 300 feet wide, 45 feet deep, and 6.96 miles long. At the Pacific end of Gaillard Cut the ship passes through Pedro Miguel Locks, a single flight of double chambers. This flight of locks is 0.72 mile long, with a drop of 31 feet to the level of Miraf lores Lake. After passing through Miraf lores Lake in a channel 750 feet wide, 45 feet deep, and 0.91 mile long, the ship enters Miraf lores Locks, consisting of two flights of double locks 0.90 mile long, with a drop of 54 feet, more or less, depending upon the state of the tide, to the level of the Pacific Ocean. The channel from Miraf lores Locks to the Pacific is 500 feet wide, 42.4 feet deep at mean low water springs, and 6.99 nautical miles long. The total length of the Canal from entrance to entrance is 44 .42 nautical miles, and the limiting depth at mean low tide is 41*6 feet. PORTS There are two ports of entry in the Canal Zone - Cristobal on the Atlantic side and Balboa on the Pacific. Cristobal is part of the harbor of Colon but is under the jurisdiction of the United States. Both ports are equipped with piers, drydocks, and fueling facilities. A detailed description of these ports will be found elsewhere in this volume. TIDES AND TIDAL CURRENTS The tides at the Atlantic and Pacific terminals of the Panama Canal pre- sent decided contrast in both character and range. At Cristobal at the Atlantic 714755 O— 4f> 2 terminal, the tides are very irregular and of the mixed type, diurnal for part of each month and semidiurnal for the rest of the time, with a comparatively small range, averaging less than one foot and seldom exceeding two feet. At Balboa at the Pacific terminal, the tides are of the regular semidiurnal type, with a mean range of 12.8 feet and with extreme spring ranges occasionally ex- ceeding 21 feet. The contrast in tidal ranges is reflected in the strength of tidal cur- rents in the sea level stretches of the Canal but, unless the normal tidal cur- rents are reinforced by wind and storm influences, they are not strong enough to seriously interfere with navigation. At the Atlantic entrance, the tidal flow extends to Gatun Locks, but currents due to tidal influences alone are slight. Fresh northwest winds sometimes cause some current in Limon Bay setting toward the docks, and spilling at Gatun Locks causes strong currents in the channel i m mediately below the locks for a short time. At the Pacific entrance, the tidal flow extends to Miraf lores Locks and currents of one knot or more are frequently observed but as they usually parallel the Canal channel their importance in regard to navigation is minimized. The maximum current observed in the Pacific entrance channel has been near the en- trance to Balboa Harbor with a velocity of one and one-half knots at mean tide for both the incoming and outgoing tides. Tidal currents are particularly troublesome to ships docking at Docks 4> 6, 7, and 8 on account of the outline of the channel and inner harbor basin. An outgoing or falling tide causes a steady set directly toward the face of these docks, which during the dry season months is reinforced by the effect of northerly trade winds. On the other hand, an incoming or rising tide causes a steady set away from the docks. A strong westerly set across the dredged channel to the southward of Flamenco Island, particularly at spring tide, is also a frequent occurrence. Spilling at Mira- flores Locks produces a strong current in the channel immediately below the locks similar to the one experienced at Gatun. Currents in the Gatun Lake section of the Panama Canal are not due to tidal influences but may be caused by winds and flood inflow. They are seldom strong enough to occasion any inconvenience to shipping. Currents in Gaillard Cut are produced by drawing water at Pedro Miguel Locks and may attain a strength of one and one-half knots. Minor currents are produced in Miraf lores Lake by several influences, including spilling at Pedro Miguel Locks, drawing water at Miraf lores Locks, and the operation of Miraf lores spillway. WEATHER CONDITIONS The location of the Canal Zone less than 10 degrees from the Equator and surrounded by warm tropical seas insures a warm, moist climate throughout the year, with little variation in temperature. The northeast trades blow with great regularity for the four-month period from January to April, averaging 15 miles per hour on the Atlantic side of the Isthmus and 10 miles per hour on the Pacific side. This is the dry season with clear skies and only an occasional rain shower. The weather for the remaining eight months of the year from May to December is dominated by the Equatorial calms, with light variable winds averaging eight miles per hour on the Atlantic side and six miles per hour on the Pacific side. This is the rainy season with increased cloudiness and hu- midity and copious rains. The only general storms in the Canal Zone area are the flooding rain- storms of the late rainy season and an occasional norther extending as far south as the north coast of the Isthmus of Panama. Northers were a menace to sail- ing vessels in Colon harbor for many years but, with the completion of the breakwaters protecting Limon Bay in 1915, damage by these storms in the Canal Zone has become negligible. Climatological data covering annual values and including all available records up to the year 1945 for Cristobal at the Atlantic terminal of the Canal and for Balboa Heights at the Pacific terminal are given in the following tab- ulation : CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA FOR THE CANAL ZONE Cristobal Balboa Heights (Atlantic coast) (Pacific coast) Air temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) Annual bihourly mean 80.1 78.8 Annuel mean daily maximum 85.4 87.4 Annual mean daily mimimum 76.2 73.2 Annual mean daily range 9.2 14.2 Absolute highest on record 95 97 Absolute lowest on record 66 63 Relative humidity (percent) Annual bihourly mean 82.3 83.1 Rainfall (inches) Annual average 130. 42 69.82 Annual maximum for calendar year 183.U 91.42 Annual minimum for calendar year 86.54 45.58 Wind velocity (miles per hour) Annual average wind velocity 10.0 7.0 Maximum velocity on record (true) 38 - NW 46 - S Average annual prevailing direction North Northwest Sunshine (percentage of possible amount) Annual average sunshine 53 49 Number of days Annual average of days with rain 241 174 Annual average of clear days 39 31 Annual average of partly cloudy days 148 186 Annual average of cloudy days 179 148 Annual average of days with thunderston is 96 84 ANCHORAGES Except at designated localities in Gatun LaKe, no vessel is permitted to anchor in any part of the Canal except in an emergency. The following areas for merchant ship anchorage are designated: Atlantic end .- Area immediately west of Canal channel line, bounded on the south by line joining gas buoy No. 4 and a point A, 1,600 yards due west of gas buoy No. 4; on the west by line extending 1,800 yards due north of point A to point B; and on the north by line extending frou. point B to Canal channel and parallel to west breaKwater. Gatun Lake anchorage basin .- Area immediately east of Canal channel line, bounded by a line extending southeasterly from the east wing wall at south end of Gatun Locks to spar buoy A, thence to spar buoy No. 1 and to spar buoy No. 3, thence southwesterly to the Canal channel line at gas buoy No. 9. Pacific end .- Area immediately northeast of Canal prism extension and southeast of a line joining gas buoy No. U to Flamenco Island Light. A vessel under 150 feet in length when at anchor shall carry forward where it can best be seen a white light at a height not exceeding 20 feet above the hull; and a vessel of 150 feet or upwards in length shall carry forward at a height between 20 and 4-0 feet above the hull a white light and another at or near the stern of the vessel not less than 15 feet lower than the forward light. These white lights shall be of such power and so placed as to be visible all around the horizon for a distance of at least 1 mile. A self-propelled vessel at anchor must display by day, forward where it can best be seen, one black ball not less than 2 feet in diameter. Anchorages for vessels carrying explosives .- Vessels carrying explosive cargoes, or highly volatile products, are required to anchor in the following areas, and there await instructions: At l antic end .- Area included in rectangle 1,000 yards wide immine- diately south of west breakwater, starting at a point on west breakwater 1,000 yards from west breakwater light and thence extending westward 2,000 yards along breakwater. Pacific end .- Area south of Naos Island bounded on the east by a line drawn south (true) from entrance gas buoy No. 1; on the south by a line drawn east (true) from Tortolita Island; and on the north and west by the curve of 30-foot depth. Such vessels are allowed alongside wharves of the Canal Zone only as pres- cribed in regulations, and each case will be handled individually by the port cap- tain concerned. The merchant ship anchorage area in Gatun Lake is shown on the location map of the Panama Canal Zone facing page 1. The merchant ship anchorage areas and anchorages for vessels carrying explosives at the Atlantic and Pacific entrances to the Canal are shown on the following charts: WAR DEPARTMENT CORPS OF ENGINEERS. US ARMY ANCHORAGE AREA AND ENTRANCE CHANNEL AT ATLANTIC ENTRANCE TO PANAMA CANAL SCALE IN FEET WAR DEPARTMENT- CORPS OF ENGINEERS.U.S.ARMY ANCHORAGE AREA AND ENTRANCE CHANNEL AT PACIFIC ENTRANCE TO PANAMA CANAL SCALE IN FEET 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 SOUNDINGS IN FEET REDUCED TO MEAN LOW WATER SPRINGS ^e \ ANCHORAGE AREA X \ PANAMA HARBOR \ \ \ \ CULE i^lSL/5 y SAN JOSE RK. o FLAMENCO / ^> ISLAND / ? \ / X- ISLAND NAOS ISLAND/ \ seo GA5 / S \ 8U0Y. / S \N0 A)/ ' BRA \&7 ,' ND s s' X / / / / s / / 40 45 « 40 32 4. 42 30 EXPLOSIVES 35 37 42 ANCHORAGE CHANGARMI I. TORTOLITA 15 • BOARD OF ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS CHIEF STATISTICIAN <- COL. CORPS OF ENCINEEM.V S.A VENADO - Storage on Piers. 5. Explosives .- Shipments of ammunition for small arms (in car- tridge or shell fully assembled) not exceeding in the aggregate ten (10) tons weight or measurement, and pyrotechnic supplies not exceeding in the aggregate one (1) ton weight or measurement, may be landed at either the Cristobal or Balboa terminal docks upon observance of special precautions to insure safe handling. The stevedoring, handling, or transferring of explosives will be subject to the regulations governing the conduct of vessels carrying this class of cargo as provided in Rules and Regulations Governing Navigation of the Panama Canal and Adjacent waters. 6. For extra labor used in the following: (a) Stevedoring cargo at request of receiving carrier so as to permit of its discharge at more than one port, or to expedite discharge or loading of vessel at port beyond. (b) Shifting cargo in hold in order to secure proper working room, or from one hatch to another, cost of service, plus 15 percent. (c) For rehandling, weighing, or sorting cargo on piers, for the convenience of shippers, consignees, or vessels, per ton, $1.50. 7. Cargo will be delivered to or received from vessels in port dur- ing the following working hours, wnich will not be deviated from except upon authority of the receiving and forwarding agent in cases of emergencyj- From 7 a.m. to 3 p.m. and from 5 p.m. to 1 a.m. LaDor will be checked on for work beginning at 7 a.m. and 5 p.m. and will be paid a minimum of 4 hours for each of the takeons. Time of laborers unemployed for any portion of the minimum nours paid, as specified, will be charged to vessels order- ing the labor unless covered by delay time for rain applied in accordance with paragraph following. When work is prevented by rain, Panama Railroad laborers will be held 30 minutes for account of the Panama Railroad Company, and at the ex- piration of this time, unless the representative of the vessel requests that they be held longer at vessel's expense, will be dismissed for the balance of the shift. The free allowance of 30 minutes will be made only once during a regular shift. Labor waiting for vessel to dock or to be rigged, or delayed on account of broken or faulty gear, of lack of power, or for any other cause not the responsibility of the Panama Railroad Com- pany which prevents the handling of cargo, will be billed against the ves- sel at actual cost plus 15 percent. When ocean carriers request it or it becomes necessary to work hourly dock employees on Sundays or holidays or in excess of 8 hours during a period 58 of 2A hours, beginning at 7 a.m. in order to provide adequate dock labor for working cargo, the additional expense to the Panama Railroid Company for overtime paid its employees will be charged to the vessel involved at pre- vailing authorized overtime rates, in addition to the regular per ton rates for stevedoring, transferring or handling cargo. Orders for outward cargo must be presented by receiving carriers in writing between 7 a.m. and 4 p.m., at least 6 hours prior to the time vessel is ready to receive cargo, in order that there may be ample time to properly prepare papers and cargo check book3. In case orders for outward cargo are not presented as stipulated in the foregoing, and are accepted by the Panama Railroad Company as a matter of emergency, any delay time for labor waiting pending receipt of completed cargo order or check books will be charged the vessel involved. 8. When a receiving carrier orders cargo and fails to lift it, charges will be made as follows: (a) If in cars, switching- -------- -per car- -$10.00 (b) If on pier.., rehandling- --------- -per ton- - 1.50 9. For the use of any additional appliances, machinery, wrecking cranes, etc., necessary to discharge or deliver cargo due to the fact that cargo cannot be bandied by ship's gear, regular rates provided for such service will apply. A vessel taking sand or gravel, from cars, for ballast will be charged 25 cents a ton for the use of the pier, in addition to regular switching and wharfage charges. 10. The minimum charge per 3hip for stevedoring and handling, or trans- ferring cargo will be 25 cents. 11. All handling of cargo on docks operated by the Panama Railroad Company will be done by forces of the Panama Rxilroad Company. Vessels desiring to stevedore their own cargo will be permitted to do so only on condition that such vessel or the owners or agents operating the same shall be responsible- for damage to property or injury to employees of The Panama Canal or the Panama Railroad Company as a result of the fault or negligence of the stevedoring force, other than that of the Panama Railroad Company, employed by or for such vessel. A written acknowledgement from the agents of steamship lines or from the master of the individual vessel desiring to employ their own stevedor- ing force will be required to the effect that the liability, as indicated above, is assumed by the vessel or the owner thereof. 12. The Panama Railroad Company will not accept delivery of transfer cargo unless payment is made, or assured, for storage and other charges that may accrue to the Panama Railroad Company upon such cargo. 13. All charges against vessels must be paid or guaranteed before vessel's departure. The receiving and forwarding agent will inform receiv- 59 ing carriers regarding storage charges that have accrued on cargo, before it is delivered to them. 14. For use of electric winches, industrial trucks and tractors, including operators, per hour or fraction thereof, $1.50. For use of cargo trailers, without motive power, per hour or fraction thereof, 25 cents. For use of flood or cluster lights furnished a vessel, per shift of eight hours or fraction thereof, each 50 cents. 15. Bills of lading, check books, -~nd other shipping documents, must be delivered to the receiving and forwarding agent in time to permit an examination of such papers before vessels begin to discharge cargo. Papers must plainly show weights and/or measurements of cargo to be handled. If cargo is delivered on the docks without necessary shipping documents to insure prompt delivery, a charge of 10 cents per ton per day of 24 hours or fraction thereof or 5 cents per package per day of 2U hours or fraction thereof, at the option of the Panama Railroad Company, will be made against the delivering carrier from the time such cargo is landed on the docks until the shipping documents are delivered to the receiving and forwarding agent. 16. No change in routing shown on bills of lading will be recognized or followed after check books and papers have been compared by the forces of the receiving and forwarding agent, covering cargo to be discharged at the Atlantic or Pacific terminals. If deliverying carriers desire to change routing on such cargo, it will be necessary for them to request the receiving and forwarding agent, in writing, prior to commencement of dis- charge to make such changes if they desire to avoid rehandling charges. In the event such deviation from the original routing necessitates rehandling of the cargo, a charge of $1.50 per ton will be made against the deliver- ing carrier. 17. Bills will be rendered on the tonnage (either weight or measure- ment) most advantageous to the Panama Railroad Company. In determining tonnage of lumber, 500 feet, board measurement, will constitute a ton, based on the measurement on which ocean freight is charged, commonly known as "freight" measurement. 18. In handling transfer cargo and making local deliveries in Colon and Panama, the Panama Railroad Company acts as the agent of the deliver- ing steamship line and its liability is limited by any provisions of "the bill of lading. 19. The Panama Railroad Company shall not be liable for losses on account of fire, unless due to the negligence of its employees. 20. The Panama Railroad Company shall in no case assume liability for loss or damages to commodities received on the piers in excess of $500 per package lawful money of the United States, or, in case of goods not shipped in packages, per customary freight unit, unless a higher valuation is declared and the higher rates for the handling or transferring of val- uable goods are paid to the Panama Railroad Company in accordance with the terma of this tariff; provided, that this paragraph shall have no application 60 to commodities received for local rail transportation only. 21. Valuable goods and cargo freighted on an ad valorem basis should be plainly indicated as such on bills of lading. 22. Transportation: (a) Transfer cargo between terminals - Through cargo in trans- it across the Isthmus of Panama will be accepted for transfer across piers and for transportation over the Panama Railroad from the slings of tne delivering carrier at one terminal to the slings of the receiving carrier at the other terminal, under the conditions of through bills of lading, and subject to the rules and regulations and to the additional charge3 for storage after the expiration of the free period specified for through cargo, under Item 33 of this tariff or as same may be modified from time to time, at the following net rates (without benefit of drawback) per ton - (1) General cargo- ----------- -per ton- -$ S.00 (2) Coffee, cocoa, beans, guano, ivory nuts, nitrates, and similar bagged commodities per ton 7.00 (3) Live stock (including domestic and wild animals), live poultry and birds- ------- 16.00 (4) Explosives, acids, gas, fireworks, fuses, detonators, and similar articles- ------- 24-. 00 (5) Specie and treasure - Gold, silver, cur- rency (v-nlue U.S.C.), articles freighted ad volorem, and articles valued at ^$00 or more per ton: - In addition to the rate shown in subparagraph (l), l/3 of 1 percent up to a valuation of $50,000 and for all value above »50,000 1/16 of 1 percent. ^iniT.um charge- - - - -per shipment- - 5»00 (6) Minimum charge for transfer of cargo be- tween terminals ---------------- 1.00 (b) Isthmian cargo - (1) Cargo landed on tne piers at Cristobal under through bills of lading for shipment over the Panama Rail- road for delivery at line points or Balboa-Panama City; and Cargo landed on the piers at- balboa under through bills of lading for shipment over the Pana- ma Railroad for delivery at xine points or Cristobal- Colon, will be delivered at the option of the Pana- ma Railroad Company either through freight houses or from cars on public team tracKs. On such cargo, the Panama Railroad Company will assess the local pier handling charge, as indicated by paragraph 3 of this item, and take, for the rail haul, 33 l/3% of the through freight charge. (2) When charges, other than the local pier handling charge, are shown on the bills of lading, which are or should be a part of the through freight charge, 61 the Panama Railroad Company will add such charges to tne basic through freight and take 33 1/3% of the total as its proportion of the through freight charge. (NOTE - When the through freight rates shown on the bills of lading are less than the regular "con- ference" rates between the port of origin and des- tination, the regular "conference" rates will be used in determining the amount due the Panama Railroad for its rail haul. (3) Cargo landed on the pisrs at Balboa for shipment over the Panama Railroad for delivery in Panama City will be subject to the rules, regulations, and rates specified in subparagraphs (d) and (f) of paragraph 3, of this item. 23. Bananas or other unmanufactured native produce may be delivered to ocean-going vessels by small coastal craft upon pay- ment of a charge at rates of $1 a ton for such cargo delivered in the terminal harbors, and $0.50 a ton for such cargo delivered in Gatun Lake. Vessels receiving cargo in this manner shall notify the receiving and forwarding agent, Panama Railroad Company, of amount so handled, either by copy of manifest, or letter. Under no circumstances, however, will vessel be permitted to transfer cargo direct from one to the other away from the piers, unless there is no berthing space available at the piers. 2U* When one vessel is allowed to lie alongside another ves- sel at the piers or away from the piers when no berthing space is available, requests to transfer cargo from one directly into the other, will be acted upon in each case by the Governor, The Panama Canal, and each request will be considered solely on its merits. The decision in any one case, in no way sets a precedent for future cases. For cargo transferred directly from one vessel to another where no work is performed by the Panama Railroad Company: (a) Bananas or other unmanufactured native produce, per ton $ 1.00 (b) Other cargo --------------- -per ton- - 2.00 (c) Small boats, launches, etc- - - - -per weight ton- - 2.00 (NOTE - When craft of this kind are discharged from a vessel to the water or loaded on a ves- sel from the water, where no service is per- formed by the Panama Railroad Company, a charge will be made, on a weight basis, at the rate of ?-2 per ton, subject to minimum charge of $10 on craft weighing less than 5 tons.) Ocean-going vessels transferring cargo under the provisions of this paragraph, shall furnish the Panama Railroad Company with com- plete manifests covering all cargo transferred, in order that com- plete statistical records may be kept as to cargo transshipped at the Isthmus, and permit a Panama Railroad Company representative to be present during such transfer. 62 25. Cargo consigned to the Isthmus ^or reshipment beyond, when so indicated on bills of lading turned over to the receiving and forwarding agent prior to the commencement of discharge, will be classed as "Transit Cargo" and subject to charges under "Storage," paragraph 1, if forwarded complete as originally billed and the original bills of lading are surren- dered to the receiving and forwarding agent prior to reshipment. LABOR The Panama Canal usually supplies the laborers necessary in handling cargo to and from ships, although a few steamship companies have been authorized to stevedore their own vessels. The force employed by The Panama Canal is composed of two classes which, for local convenience, are designated "gold" and "silver" employees. These terms originated during the construction period of the Canal from the practice of paying common laborers and other unskilled or semi-skilled workers, which were recruited largely from the Tropics, in silver coin while the skilled craftsmen and those occupying executive and professional positions, re- cruited largely from the United States, were paid in gold. Although all employees are now paid in United States currency, the terms are still used in designating the two classes of employees. Wages of employees on the silver roll bear no direct relationship to wages o f corresponding classes of workers in the Uni+ed States. As silver-roll employees are, for the most, part, natives of the Tropics, their wage scales are established at levels based on wages prevailing for trop- ical lnbor in the Caribbean area. On account o f the heavy program o^ construction work during the war emer- gency, The Panama Canal found it necessary to recruit many contract laborers from the Republic o^ Colombia, Jamaica, Costa Rica, and El Salvador. All recruitment offices, except the one at El Salvador, were closed in September 1943. The El Salvador office was closed at the end o p the fiscal year 1944 but it was re- opened in April 1945. 63 MISCELLANEOUS CHARGES Bills of health .- For obtaining consular bill o" health at the request of the vessel, a charge of &5 is made in addition to the consular fees. Rat guards .- Rat guards will not be sold to vessels. They may be rented for 50 cents each per day or fraction thereof from the receiving and forwarding agent at Cristobal or Balboa, Telephone service to vessels. - Connections to vessels at Balboa and Cristobal are made for &5 for the first week or fraction thereof, and #2 for each succeeding week or fraction thereof. Annual inspection of vessels. - Fees ^*or the annual inspection of vessels, including the cost of the certificate as well as the cost of inspection and examination of the vessels, are charged as follows: For each row or sailboat or panga equipped with detachable motor - $ 1.00 For each vessel under IS gross tons 5.00 For each vessel o° IS gross tons or over and not exceeding 100 gross tons 10.00 For each gross ton in excess of 100 gross tons .05 Agency fees .- The Panama Railroad Co., through the receiving and forward- ing agent, is prepared to act as agent for any vessel using Panama Canal facil- ities when it has no other local agent to look after its interests. The agency fee is $50 per vessel. This ^ee covers the services ordinarily performed by a local agent, such as boarding the vessel to ascertain its requirements, arrang- ing for purchasing fuel and other supplies, sending cablegrams and mails, secur- ing bills of health, having consular documents visaed and similar services. The handling of agency work for vessels stopping at Canal ports for handling cargo requiring soliciting cargo or passengers, handling claims, etc., is sub- ject to special arrangement. 64 Launch hire . - The ^ollovdng charges are assessed for the use of* launches ovmed by The Panama Canal: First hour Each succeeding Launches or fraction half- -hour or thereof fracl ion thereof Pilot Fish and Sail^ish -. _ - - - $20.00 10.00 i • 10.00 Corbina, Diana II, Gar, Ga^iota, and Rodman - 5.00 Albacore, Amberjack, Bass, Barracuda, Cat- fish, Cormorant, Cotinga, Empire, Grouper, Heron, Hibiscus No. 2, Jacana, Kingbird, Kingfisher, Loro, Mackerel, Margarita, Marlin, Mirlo, Owl, Pato Real, Perico, Pike, Pompano, Porpoise, Ray, Sawfish, Sea Devil, / Shad, Shark, Shearwater, Skate, Snapper, Snook, Toucan, Toucan II, and Trout- _ ^.00 3.50 Bobo, Bonito, Dolphin, Egret, Gull, Hawk, Helen Louise, Hyacinth No. 2, Mary B, Jack, Tarpon, Teal, Tuna, and '/Jahoo - - - 5.00 2.^0 Garza and Motor Sailer No. 11 7 6? 4.00 ?.oo 65 FUEL AND SUPPLIES ELECTRIC CURRENT Electric current is supplied to the entire Canal Zone by the hydro- electric plants at Gatun Dam and at Madden Dam. The majority of the piers and wharves at Cristobal and Balboa are able to supply electric current to vessels for both power and lighting ourposes. For information as to the type of current available at the individual piers, see the tables describing piers, wharves, and docks. The following schedule of prices is quoted for electric current: For metered current consumed by individuals (nonemployees) and companies in the Canal Zone and by employees of The Panama Canal and the Panama Railroad Company for commercial use: First 150 kilowatt-hours per month - - - - $0.04- per kilowatt-hour. Next 99,350 " " " " .02 " " " Over 100,000 " " " " .01 n " n Minimum charge for any one user, $1.00 per month. All services are required to be metered. If two or more meter connec- tions are made for one user for different classes of service or for his conven- ience, the above sliding scale and minimum charge is applied separately for each meter. The rates shown do not include lamp renewals or repairs to wiring systems or appliances. PROVISIONS Prices will be quoted on lubricants, cordage, ships' chandlery, standard articles for ships' use; and price lists will be furnished on meats, cold-storage products, groceries, bakery products, fruits, vegetables, etc., on request by the boarding officer, the captain of the port, or the deoartraent concerned. Medical supplies may be purchased in unbroken lots from the general store- keeper, Balboa, C. Z., at reasonable rates based on current invoice prices. 66 A flat rate of &5 for launch service will be made for each delivery to ves- sels in the harbor at Balboa. The full tariff rate will be chargeu for each del- ivery to vessels at the outer anchorage at Balboa. At Cristob .1 a flat charge of $7 for launch service will be made for each delivery to a vessel in the harbor, provided the vessel is ready to receive the supplies when the launch pulls along- side. ?(hen delay in delivery occurs due to the fault of the vessel, extra charge, covering the actual cost of launch service, will be made. WATER SUPPLY Water, suitable for both boilers and drinking, is available at either Bal- boa or Cristobal. The following shows the prices charged for water supplied to vessels: Canal Zone: To vessels, alongside of aock, through hose, per 1,000 gallons $0.50 Minimum charge, regardless of quantity ----------- 3»00 Delivered to ships at anchor by floating equipment: Per 1,000 gallons * .50 Plus regular charge at hourly rates for the tug, or other equipment used. Charges are based upon even 1,0U0 gallons, 5^0 gallons or over being charged as 1,000 gallons. Delivered to ship by tug while engaged in towing ship, per 1,000 gallons ^.00 Minimum charge for l,00u gallons. Colon: Alongside of dock, per l,00u gallons- ___________ .50 Minimum charge ------ _____________ .50 Charges are based upon even 1,000 gallons, 500 gal- lons or over being charged as 1,000 gallons. Gatun Lake: Vessels crossing Gatun Lake may tax.e feed water without charge, but permission therefor must have previously been obtained from the captain of the port. COAL BUNKERING The two coaling plants operated by the Panama Railroad Co. at the termini the Panama Cansl have a normal storage capacity of approximately 250,000 tons. The Cristobal plant has open storage space for 150,000 tons of bunker coal and 67 maintains a normal stock of about 15>0u0 tons. The Balboa plant has a capacity of about 100,000 tons but no stock is maintained as it is operated only occasion- ally, the plant being held in stand-by status for possible emergency use. Berm cranes at the Balboa plant are available by means of which coal can be delivered to tram c rs, which deliver to reloaders from which the coal is carried by end- less belt conveyors to siJ.ps at the rate of approximately 250 tons per hour. The Cristobal plant comprises two long wharves, one on each side of the storage area, one of which is known as the unloader wharf and the other as the reloader wharf. They are connected by what is known as the end wharf. The un- loader wharf is 1,170 feet long, the reloader wharf is 1,15S feet long, and the end wharf 4-5& feet long. Depths in all berths at these wharves are sufficient to accommodate vessels drawing A2 feet. The storage space for coal between the two longer wharves has an area of approximately 315,000 square feet. It is spanned by two movable steel bridges, Known as the stocking and reclaiming bridges, which travel the entire length of the coal pile and, by means of traveling buckets trav- ersing the bridges, can reach any part of the storage pile. The unloader wharf is equipped with four movable unloaaers which travel the entire length of the wharf. These unloaders are equipped with 2 l/2-ton buckets with a capacity of 250 tons per hour each. The coal is delivered to tram cars, electrically operated, running on an overhead trestle which circuits the entire plant. These cars hold 10 tons and dump their loads onto the stock pile through stocking and reclaiming bridges. The unloaders are operated by steam, all of the rest of the plant being operated by electricity. The reloader side of tne plant also has four movable machines which can traverse the entire length of the wharf. Coal is reclaimed from storage by four bridge diggers, equipped with 5-ton buckets, which deliver coal to the tram cars, which in turn deliver to the reloaders or to any other place desired. The reload- 714755 O— 46 6 68 ers are fed by endless-belt conveyors which convey the coal from hopper to ship. Ships can be bunkered at the rate of about 600 tons per hour with these facili- ties. The Panama Railroad Uo. will supply coal to vessels, including warships of all nations. The coal carried in stock is the quality Pool No. 1, United States Navy standard, Pocahontas or New River, run of mine, and can be supplied in any quantity desired for bunkers. Vessels desiring to purchase coal should communicate their requirements to the captain of the port, either at Cristobal or Balboa (preferably before arrival so as to allow the coaling plant time to prepare itself to make prompt delivery) , stating quantity of coal desired* expected time of arrival, etc. The port captain receiving the order will transmit it to the office of the receiving and forward- ing agent at Cristobal. Every effort will be made to expedite the coaling of all vessels, but agents and masters of vessels will facilitate prompt delivery by furnishing full information of services desired as much in advance as possible. Such services cannot be assured after regular working hours, i.e., 7 a.m. to U p.m. The prices of coal, regardless of quantity, and the rates for services in connection with its delivery, quoted from Tariff 14, as amended, are as follows: Per ton o** 2.2A0 lbs Colon- Cristobal Balboa Delivered to vessels at coaling plants, trimmed in bunkers $18.00 £21.00 Delivered to vessels by lighters from Cristobal coaling plant, trimmed in bunkers --------18.50 - For sacking lump coal for galley use, or other grades of coal, in addition to the basic price per ton:- Labor, etc. 3.00 3.00 Sacks, when furnished by the coaling plant - - 5.00 5.00 If delivery is made at points other than the coaling plant, an extra charge will be made covering the cost of delivery. 69 When request is made by vessel for trimming on deck, between decks, or for special trimming in bunkers for the convenience of the vessel, the cost of such services will be charged in addition to the basic price per ton. OIL BUNKERING Following the general policy outlined by Congress, all fuel oil tanks, with their loading and unloading facilities, are controlled by the Government. Tank sites and tanks are leased by the Government to private companies and all oils are handled to and from storage through The Panama Canal's pumping plant, the charge for handling being 2 cents per barrel of 42 gallons, each way. Fuel and Diesel oil can be delivered to vessels at either Cristobal or Balboa, and prices will be quoted on application. Ships requiring fuel oil and not having contracts with any oil company should request bids by radio to expedite fueling. Cristobal .- At or near the oil-tank farm at Mount Hope there are 39 tanks with a total working capacity of 1,530,830 barrels. The average amount of fuel oil available is about 500,000 barrels. Bunker C fuel oil is obtained from South America. The following table shows the number of tanks at the tank farm at Mount Hope, or in that vicinity, with their capacities and the names of the lessees: Mount Hope Oil-handling Plant Name of lessee No. of Tanks Capacity (bbls) Fuel oil: Arrow Oil Company Asiatic Petroleum Company Panama Canal Standard Oil Company Texas Petroleum Company Union Oil Company United Fruit Company Total fuel oil 3 163,700 1 80,100 1 80,900 5 268,800 2 109,700 1 58,200 2 110,500 _15__ 871.900 70 Mount Hope Oil-handling Plant (cont'd) Name of lessee Diesel oil: Asiatic Petroleum Company Panama Canal Standard Oil Company Texas Petroleum Company Union Oil Company Total Diesel oil Gasoline: Panama Canal Shell Company Standard Oil Company Texas Petroleum Company Union Oil Company Total gasoline Kerosene: Panama Canal Standard Oil Company Texas Petroleum Company Total kerosene GRAND TOTAL No. of Tanks Capacity (bbls) 2 1 1 1/2 2 1 1/2 133,300 41,700 80,000 108,600 66,700 4 1 2' 4 1 12 39 430.300 79,300 8,900 20,000 88,300 230 196.730 ^5,300 2,600 4,000 31.900 1,530,830 Notes: Above list includes 3 tanks at Gatun which are being placed in service. Fractional tanks indicate joint occupancy. Pipe-line equipment at Cristobal consists of the following: Fuel-oil pipe lines : Two 12-inch lines to end of and encircling Dock 6; branches to and around Docks 7 and 6. Docks are provided with stop valves permitting the oiling of two vessels at any dock. Dock 6 has 13 outlets which will soon be increased to 21 outlets ; Dock 7 has 24 outlets; and Dock 8, 24 outlets. Two 16-inch and one 18-inch (0. D.) lines to Dock 16. Six double outlets for the receipt of cargoes. These lines are connected to an 8-inch line which encircles the dock with 15 outlets. Diesel-oil pipe lines : One 10-inch and one 12-inch line to Dock 16. The two lines are connected to three double outlets for the receipt of cargoes. One 8-inch line to berths A, B, and E for bunkering purposes, 15 outlets. One line (part 12-inch and part 10-inch) to the south side and ends of Piers 6, 7, and 8 and one 10-inch line to the north sides of Piers 6, 7, and 8. Pier 6 has 21 outlets; Pier 7 has 25 outlets; and Pier 8 has 24 outlets. Two vessels may be bunkered tnrough these lines at a time, with light and heavy Diesel, respectively. 71 Kerosene pipe line ; One 6-inch line to berths A, B, and C at Dock 16. Gasoline pipe lines ; One 8-inch line i'or motor grade gasoline and one 6-inch line for avia- tion grade gasoline to berths A, B, and C at Dock 16. Ba lboa .- The oil tank farm at the Pacific terminus is located nec.r Fort Amador. It contains 43 tanks with a total capacity of approximately 1,692,4.00 barrels including nearby tanks for Panama Canal or commercial use. The average supply of fuel oil kept on nand is approximately 500,000 barrels and the main source of supply is South America. The grade of oil is Bunker C. The following table shows the number of tanks, their capacities, and the name of the lessees: Balboa Oil-handling Plant Ncime of lessee Fuel oil: Arrow Oil Company Asiatic Petroleum Company Panama Canal Standard Oil Company Texas Petroleum Company Union Oil Company No. of Tanks Capacity (bbls) 2 1 4 3 2 3 103, soo 79,200 150,900 208,200 130,000 195,500 2 108,800 2 61,700 3 195, S00 1/2 25,000 1 1/2 91,700 Total fuel oil 15 867,600 Diesel oil: Asiatic Petroleum Company Panama Canal Standard Oil Company Texas Petroleum Company Union Oil Company Total Diesel oil 9 Gasoline: Panama Canal 4 94,000 Shell Company 1 20,000 Standard Oil Company 2 47,500 Texas Petroleum Company 4 67,000 Union Oil Company 2 24,700 Total gasoline <= 72 Balboa Oil-handling Plant (cont'd) Name of lessee No. of Tanks Capacity (bbls) Kerosene: Panama Canal 3 14,200 Standard Oil Company 1 34, 300 Total kerosene 4 4.8 ,500 Cleaning solvent: Union Oil Company 1 2,900 Asphalt: Union Oil Company 1 37,200 GRAND TOTAL 43 1,692,400 Notes: Above list includes 3 tanks at West Bank at Balboa and 3 tanks at Gamboa which are being placed in service. Fractional tanks include joint occupancy. Pipe lines available at Balboa are as follows: Fuel-oil pipe lines : From the plant to the docks, one 18-inch, four 12-inch and one 10- incL fuel oil lines; at Dock 4> two 12-inch fuel-oil lines with 6 outlets; at Dock 6, one lS-inch line and one 12-inch line with 10 outlets; at Dock 7, two 12-inch lines with 9 outlets; at Dock 15, one 12-inch line with 13 outlets; at Dock 16, two 12-inch lines with 10 outlets; at Dock 18, two 10- inch lines with 25 outlets. Diesel-oil pipe lines : From the plant to the docks, four 10-inch lines; at Dock 4> one 10- inch line with 5 outlets; at Dock 6, three 10-inch lines and one line (part 10-inch and part 8-inch) with 14 outlets; at Dock 7, two 8-inch lines with 13 outlets; at Dock 15 one 10-inch line with 11 outlets; at Dock 16, two 10-inch lines with 7 outlets; at Dock 18 two 8-inch lines with 19 out- lets. Gasoline pipe lines : At Dock 4> from the plant, one 8-inch line with one outlet. Kerosene pipe lines : At Dock 4> from the plant, one 6-inch line with one outlet. i '^'Ljts^ns^ Piers Nos. 6, 7, and 8, Cristobal, n N V Photo by U. $.. Army Air Service , General View of Cristobal Terminals. 73 PORT AND HARBOR FACILITIES PIERb, WHARVES, AND DOCKS AT CRISTOBAL The Panama Railroad operates 8 piers and docks at Cristobal, including one in Colon Harbor and one 3 miles up the canal channel from the Cristobal terminals. The Mechanical Division of The Panama Canal operates A docks and the Army one, making a total of 13 terminal facilities at Cristobal. The terminals operated by the Panama R.ilroad Co. include Piers 6, 7, and 8, and Docks 9 and 10, which are used for handling general cargo. This company also operates the coaling plant at Pier 16, as well as a small pier in Colon Har- bor used by small vessels in the coastwise trade, and the Mindi Explosive Dock. The general cargo piers and docks are constructed of concrete and steel and most of their area is covered by concrete and steel transit sheds. Piers 6, 7, and 8 have pipe lines for supplying bunker oil to vessels] Pier 6 has b dog cranes, 4 on each side, which can be moved along the pier as desired for handling general cargo. Piers 7 and 8 and Docks 9 and 10 have 4-ton cargo masts on the roofs of the sheds for use in handling cargo. More than 8,000 lineal feet of berthing space is available at these facilities all of which has sufficient depth of water to accommodate vessels drawing A2 feet. Pier 16 is a modern plant for unloading coal and oil from vessels and for bunkering vessels with both coal and oil. It comprises two long wharves known as the "Unloader" and "Reloader" wharves, which are connected at the outer end by the "End Wharf." Between the two long wharves there is a storage area of ap- proximately 315,000 square feet for coal. This area is spanned by two movable steel bridges, known as the stocking and reclaiming bridges, which are equipped with traveling buckets by which any part of the storage pile can be reached. Four steam-operated unloaders, equipped with 2 l/2-ton buckets having a capacity of 74 250 tons per hour each, travel the entire length of the "Unloader" wharf. Coal is delivered to electrically-operated tram cars running on an overhead trestle which encircles the plant. These cars hold 10 tons of coal and they dump their loads onto the stock pile through the stocking and reclaiming bridges. The "Re- loader" wharf also has four machines which are movable along its entire length. Coal is picked up from storage by four bridge diggers equipped with 5-ton buckets which deliver it to the tram cars. The tram oars, in turn, transfer the coal to the reloaders or to any other place desired. The reloaders are fed by endless- belt conveyors which carry the coal from hopper to ship. Further information pertaining to this plant is given under the subject "Coal Bunkering" and in the table on piers, wharves, and docks, Ref. No. 8. The Mechanical Division of The Panama Canal operates Docks 13, M-, 15 , &nd 17 in connection with repair work being done at Cristobal. The docks are used in conjunction with the marine railways, the dry dock, and the various marine repair shops. Further details concerning the piers and docks at Cristobal are given in the following table: PIERS, WHARVES, AND DOCKS 75 PORT Crlttobal. C. Z. REFERENCE NUM8ERON MAP : 3 NAME Aral- Pier. Doc* 3- Pier 6. We it side. C LOCATION ON WATER FRONT , * on 0, Colon Herfcor. south cf Ai Id Cristobal. 1 OWNED BY OPERATED BY do. The Panama Railroad Co. PURPOSE FOR WHICH USED TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION Timber and concrete piles, concrete Steel and concrete. dec*. DESCRIPTION : Face Ceet) Lower side (feet) Upper side (feet) Face (feet) Lower side (feet) U ppe r side (feet) Face Berth S (feet) Lower side Berths A 4 3 (feet) Upcer side BoHhs C i D (feet) Dl MEN SI 0«S 250 250 6JL_. 188 188 230 1.030 1,030 Maxiauc draft accommodated 27 27 1*2 1)2 1*2 U2 1*2 1*2 BERTHING SPACE AVAILABLE ?50 2S0 6l 188 6-J 210 1.010 1.010 WIDTH OF APRON 21 m 1.5 160 to 22 22 DECK A80VE M.L.V. - - CAPACITY PER SOUARE FOOT (LBS.) - 250 75 n LIGHTFD OR UNLIGMTED - Lighted. Lighted. TRANSIT SHEDS: None. One. One. TrPE OF CONSTRUCTION LENGTH AND WIDTH (FT.) 165 by 60. 91*1 by lsq. TOTAL FLOOR AREA FOR CARGO (SQ.FT.) 1.<>00. isr>,?fin. NUMBER OF FLOORS One. One. HEIGHT BETWEEN FLOORS (FT.) ALLOWABLE LOAD PE« SQ. FT. (LBS. ) ?50. ^J50. LIGHTED OR UNLIGHTED Lift. ted. Lighted. MECHANICAL HANDLING FACILITIES side of pier. Portable eouiDmeat RAILWAY CONNECTIONS: Cne 150-foot surface track in r»ar One 1. 025-foot surface track on each apron. WATER SUPPLY By hone from city mcln at rate of By hose from city zains at rate of (available to vessels) 11.900 to Fiq.SOO gallon:! per alnute: 11,100 tc 5<}. r ,00 gallons per minute; 50 cents per 1.000 gallons. 50 cents per 1.000 gallons. FIRE PROTECTION Two extinguishers. 2 water buckets. Sixteen extinguishers , 16 water (other than city service) and 200 feet of hose. buckets, and 200 feet 01 ' hoee. ELECTRIC CURRENT None. A.C., 110-volt. single-phase, 25- (ava i 1 abl e to vessel s) cycle at 100 amperes for lighting; A.C., 220-volt. 3-phase. 25-cycle at 200 anperes for power. Two 12-lnch fuel oil lines encircle REMARKS: . Used chiefly by privately-ownsd pier 6 with branches to Piers 7 and 8. Stop valves permit delivery to two vessels at any pier. Pier 6 has One Diesel line, part 12-lnch and part 10-lnch, to south side and one 10-lnch Diesel line to north side Pier 6 with 21 outlets. Heavy oil can be delivered to one vessel and • light to another, but two vessels cannot take same grade at one time. 76 PIERS, WHARVES, AND DOCKS PORT crs«t.«h.i , r.. ? REFERENCE NUMBER ON MAP NAME Pier 7. Pier &. LOCATION ON WATER FRONT OPERATED BY West Bide, Old Cristobal. West olde. Old Cristobal. The Panama Rail marl Cr, . AO. _Dpc* 9. West side. Old Crist The Panam a Ba. 11 road Co. The rur nna Hnilrasd- Co* do. PURPOSE FOR WHICH USED Handling general ecrgn; nil b"nfca r )rig, Hamnin c genera l cargo; oil bunker ing PanHHr c gpnarpl rargfi. TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION Steel a n d concrete. St eel an d concrete. Steel end concrete, -Slioxn-wharf ■ DESCRIPTION J ace Berth E (feet) JMHEH SI ON S Maximum draft Arcommoda tad _2kc_ 42 Lower side Berth A 5 B fe't) 317- J42_ Upper side Berth C 4 D (feet) Face Berth E (feet) i.ooo Ji2 350. __ _k2 r ft.M ._ 990. _ U2_ Face Lower side (feet) Upper side Ceet) BERTH ING SPICE AVAILABLE -977- .000 25c 990 1.010 ujSs WIDTH OF APRON 170 to 20 25 25 DECK ABOVE H.L.W. CAPACITY PER SQUARE FOOT (LBS. 75 750 750 LIGHTED 48^^-1 !_ GH TE0_ _LyhtarL . Lighted. Lighted, TRANSIT SHEDS: One. .One. One. TTPE OF CONSTRUCTION Steel and c ncrete. j_e_el Bvad.concT.ets. LENGTH AND HI DTH (FT.) 9^5 oy 1 59 . 870 by 159. Steel and concrete. 1.1?? by gQ. TOTAL FLOOR AREA FOJt CARGO (SQ.FT.) 15Cj_QQ, Uc.^OCii NUMBER OF FLOORS Qae. 0_e . HEI GHT BETWEEN FLOORS (FT.) ALLOWARLF LOAD PER SQ. IT. (LBS. | jjjj LIGHTED OR UNLIGHTED 75Q. 740, Lifted. ligh.-Ld, lighted^ MECHANICAL HANDLING FACILITIES Four-ton C£.rgo oast on each side of Four- ton car^c mast on each sice of shed roof . Portable equipment a B per -list on page 2c, shed roof. One electric. crane_ Kltli . _90_-fcot r.easb._ai.n£le^llft capacity SO tons at Ber th A. portable equip- _ Four- ten cart;o mast_o_ shed. roffifj_ Pcrtable_ec.ulpi.ejit ..as pur l ist on !._!£, gent aa per list an _a_e 86. RAILWAY CONNECTIONS. Ona_^B5"^o J2t surface r.rark" nn anr.h _prc_. One 995"*OCt qnrfaf.p trap'r ,-m aar-h transit, shall, tntal length gm fpat. One 1068-foot surface tracx on apr on: fine l,Q£DTlcct d epressed track lit . side transit shed. WATER SUPPLY (ava ilable to vessels) £y _i__e from ci sq.f.OC gallons per minute: charge. By hose from city m ains at 11.90 to 59.500 gallon s per minute: charge f.O cents par 1.000 piliini. 50 cents per 1.000 gallon s. By hose from city main s a t 11.9 00 t 59,500 gal lons j,„r n'miHi; rhargp 50 cants per 1.000 gallons. FIRE PROTECTION Eighte en exting uishers. IK water T en ex tl".j.ilol.ers . 10 water buckets.. Mine extinguishers, 9 water b uckets. (other than city service) buclCEla, J-^200_feet nf hose. l.?00 feet of hose . 1.000 f eet of hc6e. ELECTRIC CURRENT A.C. 110-volt. single-phase. 25-cycle g^, aa a t Hef. Mo. k. Pier 7 (available to vessels) at 100 amperes for lighting. A.C go_ •, Tier 7. EO rel t, 3 -p ha «e . g^ - cy c l e at g - 00 am pe res for power. REMARKS Branches from the two l?-lnch fuel oil lines encircling Pier 6 extend around Piers 7 and 8. Piers are prov ided with stop v aive6 pennltt lng th e delivery of oil to two vess els at any pier . Pier 7 has 2 k outlete and Pier 8 has ?b outlets. One Dieael oil line ■ part 12-lnch and part 10- lnch. to south s ide and ends, and one 10- loch Diesel oil line to north sides of Piers 7 and 8. with 25 outlets on Pi e r 7 and gU outlet s on Pier 8. Only one veeBcl can b e . serviced through *hese lines at a t i_ e if one type Diesel oil is requ i red but light Dieael oil t.n be delivered to one vm.: axl imnvy Pleiel oil to _ano thet at the some time. PIERS, WHARVES, AND DOCKS 77 PORT __cristobai , e. z. REFERENCE NUMBER ON MAP NAME 7 Pier 16 - Coaling Plant. LOCATION ON WATER FRONT West aide. Old Cristobal. . . JTalf era Island. OPERATED BY Jtie. Pnnnnn JVIlrnml Co. Jhe_ Panama Canal , Ih6_ Panama Railroad Co. Dock 13 . At Kt. Hope, wharf and dry-dock^ The Panama Canal. M echanical Di vision. The P,-_nama Canal ■ PURPOSE FOR WHICH USED E,-,ndlir e general carg o. Coaling plant: receip t .-l.yl ni.nV,»i-:n e I n connection wi th marine repair wnrir. of petroleum p roducts. TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION Steel and concrete there. ihari^ te and steel. "End Wharf" on Ilnher pile. tlmhcrrriBrkeri ahnra face. "Reloader IfSarfU nn In^.r wharf. and "Unloa der Wharf" on upp er side. . enclose coal Btorage area. DESCRIPTION : Face (feet) 01 MEN SI ON S kzi mg dated BERTH IMG SPACE AVAILABLE Mi. Lower side Upper side (feet) (feet) Pace Berth I (feet) U58 Jt2_ J*5S_ Lower side Berths A 4 B (feet) 1.170 J*2_ 1.170 iefli „er side Hhs C 4 D (iestl 1.1W Jt2 Face (feet) Ta 29 1.158 75P Lower s i de (feet) Upper side (feet) WIDTH OF APROH 25 Open wharf. DECK ABOVE M.L.W. CAPACITY PER SQUARE FOOT (IBS.) 750 750 750 7 50 250 UMTLD OR UK LI SB I £0 lighted^ Light ed. Lig hted. ^Llghtedj, lighted. TRANSIT SHEDS: £na» Naae. . Hone. TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION Steel and concrete. LENGTH AIIO WIDTH (FT.) 3l<0 by gQ. TOTAL F LOOR *_RE» FOR C»R G0(SQ.FT. 2'r .003. HUHBER OF FLOORS Cnj. HEIGHT BETWEEN FLOORS (FT.) ALLOWABLE LOAD PER SQ.FT. (LBS.) J5CU LIGHTED OR UNLIGHTEO lighted. MECHANICAL HANDLING FACILITIES Carga.jnaai on roof of shed. Portable See 'CobJ Buna-prlng." Portable »q'ilpin*nt. .1 per lis t On equipm en t aa per _H st o n page 86. cage RAILWAY CONNECTIONS: Nine, Two sur face tr acks on open wharf. One 7^5-foot airface track on wh arf. total length 2.WK feet. WATER SUPPLY By hoaa from city malnp at. rata of B y hose from city mains at rate nf Bt hose from city matoe at rate cf (ava i 1 ab I e to vesse I s) 11.900 tc f.q.SOO gallons per hour; 1S.°Q0 to 59. HOP gallons per hour: IS. OOP to S 9.S00 gallons SO cents per 1.000 gallons. SO cents per 1.000 fftllons. SO cents per l t noo gallons. FIRE PROTECTION One extinguisher, one wa ter tiirkat. TwentT-two extinguishers. 22 water (other than city service) and '-OO feet of rnafl. buckets, and 300 feet of hose. ELECTRIC CURRENT inn .cr.r.., 'in-vnlt, A.C ., sln.Tle- None. (ava liable to vessel s) Same as at Docks lU and IS. Raf. phase. ?S-cycle for lifting. Kos. 10 and II. One 18-inch and two l6-lnch fuel oil litres with 6 double outlets for re- ceiving oil, connected to 8-lnch line with IS outlets which. encircles dock. One 12-inch and one IC-inch Diesel line connected to three do'±l£ cutletB for receiving cargo. One 8- inch Diesel line to Berths A. B, and £, with IS outlets for bunkering. One 6- inch kerosene line to Berths A, B, and C. One 8-inch and cce 6-inch gasoline —line _t fl-Jierth« A. 3. and_ty ._. 78 PIERS, WHARVES, AND DOCKS PORT _CrtttsUl. c. 2. REFERENCE NUMBER ON MAP NAME LOCATION ON WATER FRONT . North aide of slip at Cristobal Dry Jit*. Hi. Hope, OPERATEO BY PURPOSE FOR WHICH USED TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION 10 Dock. l't. anrh/intfifll PlTlilon. Ihe fmrni Can*! Bfipnlr whfirf. .Iliitsr. p ile, tln ber-dec xed sh ore w harf. Dock 15, South aide of dip at Cristobal Dry DMlt.JH, Sop*. Jiochaclcai Division, The rrnana Canal, do. Repair whari\. Steel and concrete shore wharf 12 Dock 17. Near Marine Railway No. 2. Mt. Hope, Mechanical Division. The Pi do. Bepalr wharf. Timber pile, tli&bax-c wharf. DESCRIPTION : Face (feet) Lowe r side (feet) Upper side (feet) Face (feet) DIMENSIONS 675 . Maiisma draft acconaada tod Jk- 900 39 Lower aide (feet) Upper side (feet) Face (feet) -950 29 Lowe r side (feet) Upper side (feet) BERTH ING SPACE AVAILABLE 675 900 950 Ml DTH OF APRON DECK ABOVE M.l.W. Open wharf. Open whnrf. Open «Larf . CAPACITY PER SQUARE FOOT (LBS.) gf,Q I mHTFI) OR IINLI GHTED [ Li £h teA^ 750 250- lighte d. JtiafcteiL. TRANSIT SHEDS: Uone_ Nose, Sm. TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION LENGTH AND WIDTH (FT.) TOTAL FLOOR AREA FOR CARGO (SQ.FT.) NUMBER OF FLOORS HEIGHT BETWEEN FLOORS (FT.) ALLOWABLE LOAD PER SQ.FT. (LBS.) MECHAN ED OR U NLIGHTED ICAL HANDLIN G FACILITIES ■ ~ i» nr) ...hl. .yl^t .. SL Hntpil rtn p p£« 35-toa a team dry dock cranei portabl e .Jorlahla eculpaent, a a Hated on page aqiilpmpnt aa Haled on nage -E£u _ RAILWAY CONNECTIONS: One 700-f oot mi rf oca true* on open „*haxf» Que aOCKf .-WharlU- None. WATER SUPPLY (aval table to vesse I s) Ey ho«e from city mains at rate of By hoae from city »u:ss at r ate of _8y_LBM Iran, city mains, at rate of If;, QOO to ?9,?00 pill ana par hour: IS. 900 to 'jg.^CO gallons per hour; 11,900 to f,q.f,00 g allons per hour: charge f;0 cents per 1.000 gallons charge -SO c ents per 1.000 gallons. charts -f FIRE PROTECTION 300 fact of haac. 300 feet of hose. (other than city service) ELECTRIC CURRENT 100 aoperes. 110-volt. A.C.. single-phase, g'j-cycle and 100 amperes , 110-ggQ-yolt. A.C., 3~pha»e ■ 6g. f;-cy cle for (aval lable to vessels) n e hMn e . par, fyr.. , ??n-vnit. , i.e.. V phaae. g s-crcle and 600 amperes . ggO-iiuQ-volt. A.C., 3-phase, 6 g. '■-cycle for power. BOO anpares. 120-220-volt. D.C.. for lighting and power. PIERS, WHARVES, AND DOCKS 79 PORT Cr<.t«h.l, c. z. REFERENCE NUMBER ON MAP n NAME Hindi Dock. LOCATION ON WATER FRONT Three miles up Cenal Chan nol frQB__ OWNED BY OPERATED BY do. PURPOSE FOR WHICH USED TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION Reinforced concrete. i DESCRIPTION : Face (feet) Lower side (feet) U pper side (feet) Face (feet) Lower side (feet) Upper side (feet) Face (feet) Lower side (feet) Upper side (fret) DIMENSIONS 200 1*1 BERTH ing SPACE AVAILABLE ZOO WIOTH OF APRON Open vOArf. DECK ABOVE M.L.W. CAPACITY PER SOUARE FOOT (LBJ. ) Uoo IIOKTFD OR IINLI GHTFD Unlisted. TRANSIT SHEDS: Hone. TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION LENGTH AND WIDTH (FT.) TOTAL FLOOR AREA FOR CARGO (SO. FT.) NUMBER OF FLOORS HEIGHT BETWEEN FLOORS (FT.) ALLOWABLE LOAD PER SQ.FT. (LBS.) LI6HTED OR UNLIGHTEO MECHANICAL HANDLING FACILITIES Nona. RAILWAY CONNECTIONS: One 200-foot depressed track along- side. . WATER SUPPLY Hone. (aval 1 able to vessels) FIRE PROTECTION (other than city service) ext Infill aharn. and ^00 feet of hose. ELECTRIC CURRENT Bona. (ava i 1 ab 1 e to vessel s) REMARKS: _ • 80 PIERS, WHARVES, AND DOCKS AT BALBOA Twelve of the 13 piers, wharves, and docks owned by The Panama Canal in Bal- boa are of concrete and steel construction. They are operated by The Panama Canal or by the Panama Railroad Co. tmd provide more than 8,600 feet of berthing space, over 7,700 feet of which can accommodate vessels drawing 30 feet or over. Pier 1, Ref . No. 1 on the map, is a timber pile, timber decked T-head structure and is operated by the United States Navy Department as a landing for private and Gov- ernment launches, including those used by the Quarantine Service. Dock U is operated by the Supply Department of The Panama Canal in conneo- tion with the oil handling and bunkering plant. Fuel oil, Navy standard fuel oil, heavy and light Diesel oil, kerosene, motor grade and aviation gasoline, and as- phalt are discharged at this dock and vessels are bunkered. The Panama Railroad Co. operates Docks 6 and 7, the east half of Dock 15, Dock 16 and 17, and Pier 18. Dock 6 is usea for receiving fuel oil, heavy and light Diesel oil, gasoline, and kerosene, for bunkering vessels with oil or coal, and as a passenger terminal. Dock 7 is used for oil bunkering and for unloading sand and coal barges. The east half of Dock 15 is usea for passengers and cargo, Dock 16 is used for handling general cargo, ^.nd Dock 17 is a public landing for passengers and small stores. Pier 18 is the only facility in Balboa having a transit shed. It is used for handling general cargo and as a passenger terminal. Docks 8, 12, 13, and L4, and the west half of Dock 15, are operated by the Mechanical Division of The Panama Canal and are used by ships undergoing repairs or waiting to enter the dry docks. Dock 19 is used by the Marine Division of The Panama Canal for handling small stores and passengers and in connection with the repair of launches. Further details are shown in the following table of "Piers, Wharves, and Docks . " PIERS, WHARVES, AND DOCKS 81 PORT B.lhr,,., C. 7.. REFERENCE NUMBER ON MAP NAME LOCATION ON WATER FRONT Soci: "*.. Sock 6. OWNED BY The P.n»«. Cpnal . lae_ Panama Kallrcad Co. The raaama Canal. OPERATEO BY P. S. Navy. Sttatly Department. The Penaaa, Canal. The Panama Railroad Cn. PURPOSE FOR WHICH USED Landing for Sovernment jtiij private Cll liandling and bunkering. Cor-1 ar.ri oil toilln; and hnnlforing; passenger launches. pasrenger terminal. TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION Ttmhrr pile, timber derk - T-hecd wharf with 569-foot aptroach. Concrete and stee l pier. Concrete and stee l shore wharf. DESCRIPTION : Face (feet) Lower side (feet) U pper side (feet) Face Channel side Shore side (feet) (feet) (feet) Face (feet) Lower side (feet) Upper side (feet) DIMENSI ONS 12 50 J*2£_ _"*92_ 7^2 Maximum draft accommodated BERTH ING SPACE AVAILABLE 3C _12_ U92 7*t 2 WIDTH OF SPRON Open. Open pier. Open wharf. DECK ABOVE H.I.W. CAPACITY PER SQUARE FOOT (IBS.) 750 750 -LIOHTEO OB UNLIGHTEIL Light, UghtuH. lighted .. TRANSIT SHEDS: Hone. Suae-. TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION LENGTH AMD HI DTH (FT.) TOTAL FLOOR AREA FOR C4R0O (SQ.FT.J NUHBER OF FLOORS HEIGHT BETWEEN FLOORS CT. ALLOWABLE LOAD PER SQ.FT. (L8S.) LIGHTED OR UNLIGHTED MECHANICAL HANDLIN6 FA CILITIES: jj one None. Berm cranes deliver coal to tram cars which deliver It to rnlnadnra, the nra coal Is carried by en dless . be lt con- veyors to ship at a del ivery rate of a pproximately ?5Q tons per hour. Portable eq ui pment as H ated on page RAILWAY CONNECTIONS: Jiotej^ Hone. WATER SUPPLY By hose from city mains at rate of By hOBe from city mains at rate of (avai I able to vessel s) 15.900 to 59.500 gallons per hour: 11.900 to 59.500 gallons per hou 50 cents per 1.000 gallons 50 cents per 1.000 gallons. FIRE PROTECTION Jlona^ One foam engine. 2 fire extinguishers Seven fire extinguishers. (other than city service) and 300 feet of hose. ELECTRIC CURRENT None. Hone. Hone, (available to vessels) REMARKS: Two 12-lnch fuel oil lines. 6 outlets One lg-lnch and one 12-inch fuel oil One 10- lnch Diesel line. 5 outlets- line, with 10 outlets- One B-inch gasoline line. 1 outle Three 10-inch Diesel oil lines and One 6-lnch kerosene line. 1 outlet- one Diesel oil l ine part 10-lnch and part 8-lnch. with lU outlets. 714755 O — 46- 82 PIERS, WHARVES, AND DOCKS PORT Balboa. C. Z. REFERENCE NUMBER ON MAP 1* 5 6 N *«e Docs 8. Dock i.2. LOCATION ON WATER FRONT OWNED BY The Panama Canal. The Panama Canal. The Panama Canal. OPERATEO BY TV.;. Por.i.-.s. IkllrMi Co. PURPOSE FOR WHICH USED Oil hrrtJcprlng; UTil QAdlwr; Sflnd and Repair vii&rf. TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION DESCRIPTION : Face (feet) Lower side (feet) U pper side (feet) Face (feet) Lower side (feet) U ppe r side (feet) Face (feet) Lower side (feet) Upper side (feet) Dl MEN SI ONS 1.052 1*70 2C0 W Ik 15 BERTHING SPACE AVAILABLE 1 .05? 200 WIDTH OF APRON Open wharf. Open wharf. 1 Open wharf. DECK ABOVE M.L.V. .. _ CAPACITY PER SOUARE FOOT (IBS.) 750 750 750 LIBHTED OR UNLir.HTFD Lighted. Lighted. Li^ntJd. TRANSIT SHEDS: None. TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION LENGTH AND WIDTH (FT.) TOTAL FLOOR AREA FOR CARGO (SQ.FT.) NUMBER OF FLOORS HEIGHT BETWEEN FLOORS (FT.) ALLOWABLE LOAD PER SO. FT. (LBS. ) LIGHTEO OR UNLIGHTED MECHANICAL HANDLING FACILITIES Portable equipment as listed on pace Portable equipment as listed on page 86. «6. 86. • RAILWAY CONNECTIONS: One 200-foo . surface tract: on oreo wharf. WATER SUPPLY By hose fron eitv nalnn At rate of By bona frnm city mains at rata of By hose fron cltv mains at rate of (available to vessels) IS. 900 to 59. SCO gallons per hour; IS. 900 to 59. SOO gallons pc hour: SO cents per 1.000 gallons. 50 csnt« par 1 ,nriO gallons. FIRE PROTECTION None. None . :: u ne. (other than city service) ELECTRIC CURRENT Nona. Kone. (available to vessels) phase. 2^-cycle ui.i 2.C. . at 100 JL.C. «r. inn nmpflr«fl. ??0-volt T ^- phase. P^-^vcle for power. if.iaairs! Two IP-inch fuel oil lines. 9 outlet* - Twn K-infih DleBftl oil lines. H out- lets. PIERS, WHARVES, AND DOCKS 83 PORT Balhaa. C. z. REFERENCE NUMBER ON MAP NAME LOCATION ON WATER FRONT 1 Dock 13 . _ Dock Ik. OPERATED BY PURPOSE FOR WHICH USED TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION DESCRIPTION : . Concrete and ntpal wharf. ?K1 fm-t In Maximum draft arTommnrlat.an BERTHING SPACE AVAILABLE Die Iguana CanaJ ■ Hunhnnlcnl D1t1e1oh, The Panama Canal In connection with repair shops. length, with two floating launch re" pair piers at right angles- Face (feet) '400 by 30 The fAr,, imB Canal. Ux-Vanli- al DtTislon. The Panama Canal In connection with repair shop*. Concrete and a tael ahor e wharf . Face (feet) -715— -53 -US- Lower sic (feet) Uppe r side (feet) Doc* 15. The Panama Canal. Ke rhanl ral H WUInn, Th& P»najr f ;~Vi -i f . and . tfcc_Panaaa w.-n roan Co. Wfiltt hfllf In rftnna rtlrm w1 th r apnl r shops:; eait half Djr the Fanama 3n11- roa4 C;:3pany for .handling cargn passengere Concrete and. a tee. ahore Face (feet) 1.11*6 l.lt6 Lowe r side (feet) Upper side (feet) WIDTH OF APROM Open. Open wharf. Open wharf . DECK ABOVE H.L.W. OPACITY PER SQUARE FOOT (LBS.) J5D- 7S0 ta 1.000 150- iiuhTfp or iiklismteil Lighted. Lighted. TRANSIT SHEDS: TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION LENGTH AND HI DTH (FT.) TOTAL FLOOR AREA FOR CARGO (SQ.FT.) lone. aantu NUMBER OF FLOORS HEIGHT BETWEEN FLOORS (FT.) ALLOWABLE LOAD PER SQ.FT. (IBS.) LIGHTED OR UNLIGHTEO MECHANICAL HANDLIN6 FACILITIES pae« flfi. equipment ae per Hat on Portable equipment aa per Hat on page Sb. Pnrtabln ftqulpmpnt. as per Hat nn page RAILWAY CONNECTIONS: One surf ana t.rairy aarjpi. wharf. One 77S-foot track on open wharf . One 1,11*6 surface track en open w harf. WATER SUPPLY 3y hose frnm r\ t.y mains ft t f r a t^ nf By hoae from city malnsi at rate of By hose from city pains at (available to vesse I s ) IS. 900 to sq.SOO gallons per hour: lS.qOO to Sl-SilO gallops p ar hour; lS.qOO to Sq.SOO gallons par hour: SO cents per 1.000 gallons. SO cents per 1.000 gallons. SO cents per 1 .000 gallons . FIRE PROTECTION Jlfineu. 3S0 feet ;f hose. Two fire extinguishers . (other than city service) ELECTRIC CURRENT at 100 amparag, 110-gnlt, and A.C.. at 100 amperes. 11 0/ ??n-»f>l t. , 3-ph.aa at D^lr lU ami «tr. e la-pha.a ft (ava liable to vessels) A.C.. at 100 amperes. 11 C-7 ol t , s ingle- Dock IS. 6g.S-cycle and a.C. . at 110 amperes, llfVvnlt, si n e la-pha.« , ?S- _pia 2S - c y c ing^ ixl gynla for UghUng. at 200 amperes. 220-volt. Vnhase. A.C.. at 200 amperes. 220-yolt. 3-phase. ?S-cycle and A.C.. at fiOO amperes. 2S-cycle for power. 220/UUO-volt ■ 3-phnaa. 6?.S--y<-.la fo r power. D.C.. at 800 amperes. 110/220-Tolt f or l ighting and power. RaHABKS: 84 PIERS, WHARVES, AND DOCKS _=_ - - PO 11 Dock 17. RT Balboa. B. 2. REFERENCE NUMBER ON MAP 10 1? NAME Socle 16. Pier lg. LOCATION ON WATER FRONT OWNED BY Th" p rl n fr m f Cj>r,ol . OPERATED BY PURPOSE FOR WHICH USED TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION DESCRIPTION : Face (feet) Lower side (feet) Upper side (feet) Face (feet) Lower side (feet) Uppe r side (feet) Face (feet) Lower side (feet) Upper side (feet) DIMENSIONS 7>*2 300 200 1.000 1.000 •?g 2"i 31 32 33 BERTHING SPACE AVAILABLE 7>+2 300 200 1.000 1.000 WIDTH OF APRON Open wharf. Opes wharf. DECK ABOVE M.L.W. » . - - CAPACITY PER SQUARE FOOT (IBS.) 7=iO _ 750 uoo uoo UOHTFI) OR UNI IBHTfD Lifted. Lids ted. Lighted. Llriited. ! LLdited. TRANSIT SHEDS: Nona. None. One. TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION St»el and concrete. LENGTH AND WIDTH (FT.) 1.000 bv 160. TOTAL FLOOR AREA FOR CARGO (SQ.FT.) 160.000. NUHBER OF FLOORS One. HEIGHT BETWEEN FLOORS (FT.) ALLOWABLE LOAO PER SQ.FT. (LBS.) Uoo. LIGHTED OR UNLIGHTED Lighted. MECHANICAL HANDLING FACILITIES Kone. Cargo masts on each side of shed. slnele-llft capacity U tons. Port- able equipment as per 1! st on_pftge 86. RAILWAY CONNECTIONS: One 7U?-foot surfnop trnrlr on open Nonet One 1.000-f jot surface troc'K on, each_ wharf. apron. WATER SUPPLY NonA. By kins from e1 t.y mnlTis at rnte of (ava i lable to vessels) 15.900 to 59.500 gallons per hour: 11,900 to 59.500 gsllonn per hour: 50 cents per 1.000 j»llnn«. FIRE PROTECTION On» eitlnpilRher. Two extinguishers. 100 feet of hose. _ (other than city service) ELECTRIC CURRENT K.C., at LUU tfmp^rpfi, 1 : . —vnl t. ( >.l njrl fi- Norm. A.?., at 100 amperes. IK )-T0lt . sing1»- Ltlna;: A.C.. (ava i 1 able to vessel s) phase, 25-cycle and A.C., at 1UU am- phase. 25-cycle for ilffl peres, 110/^iO-volt, single-phase, at 100 amperes. PPO-vol 6«: . 5-cycj.e for lighting. D.C. at, 100 '5-cycle for power. amperes. 110-volt for lighting. .'i.C ut 600 amperes. ^^o/44^-volt. 3-phase, £u.5-cycle and A.C., at *:oo jnperes, Z20-volt, 3-phase, ^5-cycle for power. RSMAHKS Two i*-inch fuel oil lines, lu out- One 10-lneh fuel oil line. 25 outlete: lets; two 10-inch Diesel oil lines. one S-ir.ch Diesel nil 1 1 n« , ig „ ut _ 7 outlets. lets. PIERS, WHARVES, AND DOCKS 85 PORT Balboa C. Z. REFERENCE NUMBER ON MAP 13 NA ME I d oc ^ iq. * LOCATION ON WATER FRONT OWNED BY OPERATEO BY Marine Division. The Panama Canal. PURPOSE FOR WHICH USED TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION DESCRIPTION : Face (feet) Lower side (feet) Upper side (feet) Face (feet) Lower side (feet) U ppe r side (feet) Face (feet) Lower side (feet) Upper side (feet) DIMENSIONS - The Panama Canal, contains provisions and charges governing line-haul and terminal switching, as follows: Line-Haul Switching Per car 1. For switching cars of cargo from the docks at Cristobal or Balboa to terminal yards, for movement over the main line, no charge. 2. For switching cars of freight, which have moved over the main line, from terminal yards to the docks at Cristobal or Balboa for delivery to vessels, no charge. 3. For switching freight in carloads from industrial or private tracks to yard, for movement over the main line» ▼ $ 5.00 A' For switching freight in carloads from points on the Fort Randolph or Fort Amador branches, for movement over the 104 Per car main line $ 5.00 5. For switching freight in carloads, which has moved over the main line, from yard to industrial or private tracks or points on the Fort Randolph or Fort Amador branches- » 5.00 6. For switching freight in less than carload lots between yard and industrial or private tracks or points on the Fort Randolph or Fort Amador branches, in either direction- - - - 10.00 (NOTE - The provisions and rates indicated above do not apply on shipments of sand, gravel, rock, crushed rock, screen- ings or amiesite, which are not subject to switching or locomo- tive service charges in connection with main line movements.) Terminal Switching 7. For switching cars of inbound cargo from the docks at Cristob-.l or Balboa to points in the terminal yards 7.50 (This charge does not apply on cars consigned to points on the Fort Randolph or Fort Amador branches.) 8. For switching loaded cars, which have not moved over the main line, between the docks, Colon-Cristobal or Mount Hope yards and points on the Fort Randolph branch, in either direction 10.00 9. For switching passenger coaches, parlor cars, hospital car3, or passenger service cars moving on regular passenger trains, between the docks and Colon-Cristobal or Balboa yards in either direction ____ ___ 5-00 10. For switching passenger coaches with tourist parties from the Cristobal Coaling Plant to Colon yard and return to coal dock- _____ ____ ___ 10.00 11. For switching loaded cars between Balboa yard and Pana- ma yard, in either direction -- _______ __ 15.00 12. For switching loaded cars, which have not moved over the main line, between Balboa docks or yard and points on the Fort Amador branch, in either direction ------------- 10.00 (For moving cars beyond the Army interchange track (Field Siding) at Fort Amador, a charge will be assessed at locomotive service rate of $16 an hour in addition to the switching charge.) 13. For switching loaded cars, which have not moved ovex* the main line, between any two points inside yard limits - - - - 10.00 (This charge incluues cars switched from points in the terminal yards to the docks at Cristobal or Bulboa.) 105 Per car 14. For switching empty cars, which have been ordered for loading but which have not been loaded, from yard to docks, industrial or private tracks or points on the Fort Randolph or Fort Amador branches and return to yard $ 10.00 15. For special switching of cars of cargo (performed between regular out-drags of cars) from the docks at Cris- tobal or Balboa to yards for movement over the main line or to private or industrial tracks within the terminal limits.- 10.00 (NOTE - When a locomotive is required to stand by while a car is loaded or unloaded, or is unduly delayed by consignor or consignee in making a switching movement, a charge will be made for locomotive service at rates of $18 an hour for main line service and $16 an hour for terminal yard service, with minimum charge for one-half hour at the above rates.) STORAGE Storage charges are assessed on shipments remaining at the stations of origin or destination longer than 72 hours after notice of arrival, at the rate of 3 cents per 100 pounds per day of 24 hours or fraction thereof} minimum charge on a single shipment of freight, 25 cents. Express and bag- gage is assessed 25 cents per package, per week or fraction thereof, after free time. Free time is computed from the first 7 a.m. after notice of arrival is sent or given to consignee. Sundays and legal holidays, of the Republic of Panama and the Canal Zone, are excluded from both free and chargeable time. Authority, Panama Canal Tariff Ho. 14. CAR DEMURRAGE Cars held for or by consignors or consignees for loading or unloading are allowed 48 hours free for loading or unloading all commodities. On cars held for loading, time is computed from the first 7 a.m. after placement, without notice of placement. On cars held for unloading, time is computed from the first 7 a.m. after placement and after the day on which notice of arrival is sent or given to the consignee. In computing time, Sundays and legal holi- days of the Republic of Panama and the Canal Zone are excluded from both free 106 and chargeable time. After the expiration of free time, a charge of 43-00 per car, per day or fraction thereof, will be made until cars are released. STEAMSHIP SERVICES Steamship lines passing through the Canal or using its ports as termini offer services to practically every important trade area in the world. During the late war these established services were disrupted and the vessels nor- mally engaged therein were diverted to war service. Since the end of hostil- ities, however, a large amount of tonnage has been returned to private opera- tors for use in peacetime trade, and a considerable number of pre-war services has been reestablished. The lists following show the lines which have resumed services or have in- dicated that services will be started in the near future. These lists show the lines using (or intending to use) the ports of Cristobal and Balboa as termini, and the lines passing through the Canal in regular or fairly regular services to world trade areas. Many additional vessels operated by other lines call at the terminal ports or pass through the Canal in irregular services. These services may be changed or discontinued at any time. 107 STEAMSHIP LINES SERVING PANAMA CANAL PQHTS Service end Line Nationality General Itinerary Type of Service ATLANTIC SERVICES CALLING AT CRISTOBAL BUT NOT PASSING THROUGH THE CANAL: Coinpagnie Genertle Traneatlantlque (French Line). French French, European, and Caribbean ports. Combination Harrison Line British British and Caribbean ports. Freight Lylcee Brother! Steamship Co., Inc. United States United States Gulf and Caribbean ports. Combination Panama Line. do New York, via Port-au-Prince, Haiti. do Hoyal Netherlands. Netherlands Holland and Intermediate ports. do Standard Fruit & Steamship Co. United States New Orleans , via Caribbean ports. do United Fruit Co. do New York, New Orleans, and Caribbean porta. do PACIFIC SEHVICES CALLINO AT BALBOA BUT NOT PASSING THROUGH TEE CANAL: Grace Line do Vest coast United States and Central America- do BETWEEN CRISTOBAL AND PACIFIC COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA: • Elliot Ship lng & Land Co., Inc. Panamanian Buenaventura Freight Royal Netherlands Steamship Co. Netherlands Ecuadorean and Colombian ports. do BETWEEN CRISTOBAL AND PACIFIC COAST OF CENTRAL AMERICA: Grace Line. United States Central American ports. Combination United Fruit Co. do do Freight Service and Line Service and Line BETWEEN THE ATLANTIC COAST OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE BETWEEN THE ATLANTIC COAST OF THE UNITED STATES AND ORIENTAL FCRTS; PACIFIC COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA: Back Line. Grace Line. Barber-Wllhelmsen Line. West Coast Line (J. Lauritien). Be La Rama Steamship Co., Inc. Cia. Sud Americana de Vaporee (Chilean Line). Ellerman & Bucknall Line. BETWEEN EUROPE AND THE WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA: Fern Line. Cie. Generale Traneatlantlque (French Line). Holt, Alfred, & Co. Johnson Line. Isthmian Line. Pacific Steam Navigation Co. Kerr Steamship Line. Royal Netherlands Steamship Co. Lykes Brothers S Co. Scandinavian South Pacific Line (Enut Knutsen OAS). Mat son Line. BETWEEN THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA AND ATLANTIC Moller Shipping Co. COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA: Prince Line. Moore-KcCormack Steamship Line. Silver Line. Westfal Larsen Line. United States Lines. BETWEEN EUROPE AND THE PACIFIC COAST OF CENTRAL AMERICA: Waterman Steamship Line. East Asiatic Co. BETWEEN EUROPE AND OCEANIA - HEW ZEALAND - AUSTRALIA: Cle. Generale Traneatlantlque (French Line). Blue Star Line. Johnson Line. Federal Steam Navigation Co. North Pacific Coast Line (Joint service of Holland American Messagerles Maritimes. Line and the Royal Mail Line, Ltd.). New Zealand Ship ing Co. Olsen (Fred) Line. Port Line. BETWEEN EUROPE AND THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA: Shaw, Savlll & Albion Co. Anglo-Canadian Shipping Co. AROUND- THE-WORLD SERVICE: Blue Star Line. Bank Line. Canadian Transport Co. Isthmian Line. Donaldson Line, Ltd. Prince Line, Ltd. East Asiatic Co. Silver Line. Cie. Generale Traneatlantlque (French Line). Silver -Java-Pacific Line. Interocean Line. BETWEEN ATLANTIC COAST UNITED STATES AND HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: Johnson Line. American-Hawaiian Line. Knutsen Line. Matson Line. North Pacific Coast Line (joint service of Holland American UNITED STATES INTERCOASTAL: Line and the Royal Mail Line, Ltd.). American-Hawaiian Line. Olsen (Fred) Line. Arrow Line (Sudden & Chrlstensec). Seaboard Shipping Co. Calaar Steamship Corporation. BETWEEN THE ATLANTIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA AND AUSTRALIA Isthmian Steamship Line. AND/OR NEW ZEALAND: Luckenbach Line. American and Australian Line. Matson Line. Bank Line. Pope and Talbot, Inc. (McCormlck Steamship Line). Ellerman & Bucknall Line. Pacific Coast Direct Line. Federel Steam Navigation Co. Quaker Line (Pacific Atlantic S.S. Co.). Montreal, Australia and New Zealand Line. Shepard Steamship Co. Port Line. United States Lines. United States Lines. Waterman Steamship Line. AROUND SOUTH AMERICA: Weyerhaeuser Steamship Co. Royal Netherlands Steamship Co. 108 AIR LINES All commercial aviation within the Canal Zone has been centralized at the Canal Zone Air Terminal, Albrook Field, Balboa. From this terminal three U. S. airlines operate daily services to all major gateways in North, Central, and South America. One foreign air-carrier operates daily schedules to points in Central America with connections to Cuba. Routes of the various carriers are listed below: Pan American Airways, Inc. :- Between Balboa and Brownsville (Texas) ; between Balboa and New Orleans (Louisiana); between Balboa and Miami (Florida) : between Balboa and Port of Spain (Trinidad) . Urabe. Medellin & Central Airways, Inc. :- Between Balboa and Medellin (Colombia). Pan American-Grace Airways. Inc. :- Between Balboa, Santiago (Chile), and Buenos Aires (Argentina). Between Balboa, Lima (Peru), and Corumba (Brazil). TACA, S. A. (El Salvador) :- Between Balboa and San Jose (Costa Rica), with connecting flights to Mexico City and Havana (Cuba) . CABLES Communication from the Canal Zone by cable is obtainable through the lines of the All America Cables and Radio, Inc. This company maintains its own cables giving direct service to the United States and Canada via the U. S. Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and to Central and South America and the West Indies. Europe and the Far East can be reached directly or indirectly through the lines of associated companies and their connections. RADIO The United States naval radio communication system is used for government communication with the United States and its possessions and for commercial and Government business to and from surface vessels and aircraft. The United States naval communication service maintains a radio station at Farfan, Canal Zone, which can be used for emergency service. The United States naval direc- 109 tion-finder station at Toro Point, Canal Zone, serves all surface vessels and aircraft. The naval communication service maintains radio-beacon stations at Cape Mala and Cristobal Mole for use as navigational aids. The United States naval radio stations performing public services are oper- ated as indicated below: Call Frequency Service Station Guarded Emitted Hours Farfan NBA 500 500 Ship to Shore Continuous 4H0 ^68 do do 8280 410 do do 12420 5535 do do 16560 8240 do do - 12360 do do - 16480 do do Cape Mala 2-dashes 295 Beacon 15th to 25th, 45th to 55th minutes of each hour Cristobal Single - 305 do 00 to 10th, Mole dash 30th to 40th minutes of each hour The Signal Corps of the United States Army operates radio stations in the high-frequency bands from the Army Message Center at Headquarters, Quarry Heights, and from other posts in the Canal Zone for the transaction of official business for the United States Army. United States Army stations are available to public services as follows: Identification Station Sign Frequency Service Hours David, R. P. TA 350 Beacon 2300 - 1100Z 1708 do 1100 - 2300Z 254 Range Continuous France Field, C. Z. FA 341 do do Howard Field, C. Z. 0E 284 do do Rey Island, R. P. UT 390 Beacon do Rio Ha to, R. P. RE 236 Range do 314 Beacon do San Bias Point, R. P. m 326 do do Toboga Island, R. P. UTP 265 do do 714755 O— 4G- no The Tropical Radio Telegraph Co. maintains radio stations at Panama City, Almirante, Bocas del Toro, and Puerto Armuelles in the Reoublic of Panama. I These stations operate in the high-frequency bands and five oublic commercial point-to-point radio telegraph and radio telephone service to all oarts of the o o world. The Almirante station at latitude 9 17' 34" north longitude 82 2?' 57" west provides radio beacon service by transmitting signal dash dot dot dot (B) during the 2nd, 5th, 8th, 32nd, 35th,, and 38th minutes of each hour on s fre- quency of 290 kilocycles; the Puerto Armuelles station is open to ship shore service guarding 500 kilocycles and working on 500 and 455 kilocycles between the hours 1230 to 1630 and 1730 to 2230 Greenwich mean time. Ill COMMERCE CANAL TRAFFIC From its opening to traffic on 15 August 1914 to the close of the fiscal year 1945, transits of ocean-going commercial vessels (including all tolls-pay- ing vessels having a measurement of 300 or more net tons, Panama Canal measure- ment, or 500 or more displacement tons) numbered 122,525, the total cargo car- ried in these vessels amounted to 590,85-4,986 long tons, and the tolls received aggregated $522,157,930.17. By 30 June 1915, the close of the first fiscal year in which the Canal was operated, 4, 888,400 tons of cargo had been trans- ported through it. The Canal was closed to traffic by slides during approxi- mately 7 months of the fiscal year 1916 and for that reason the traffic han- dled amounted to only 3,093,335 tons. The record year for Canal traffic was 1929 when there were 6,289 transits, the cargo carried through the Canal totaled 30,647,768 tons, and the tolls col- lected amounted to $27,111,125.47. The world-wide depression reduced Canal traffic in the early thirties so that the number of transits in the fiscal year 1933 was only 4,162 and the cargo handled only 18,161,165 tons, following which there was a general increase both in transits and tonnage until the outbreak in Europe of World War II, early in the fiscal year 194-0, which had an immediate adverse effect. After the entry of the United States into the war, there was a further decline in traffic and in the fiscal year 1944 only 7,003,487 tons of commercial cargo moved through the Canal, the least tonnage of any year since 1916. It should be pointed out that during the war years many vessels owned or operated by the United States Gov-.rnment transited the Canal carrying cargo which was tolls -free and which is not included in the statistics of commercial cargo. In 1945 such tolls -free cargo amounted to 56 percent of the total cargo passing through the Canal and in 1944, to 40 percent. 112 Tanker traffic, which began in the early twenties, assumed such propor- tions that separate sta+istics covering movements o p tankers through the Canal have been kept since 1923. These statistics show that the peak of this traffic was reached in 1924 when there was an average of 4.7 tanker transits oer day. For a number o° years thereafter tanker traffic comprised from 20 to 4.0 percent of the total annual cargo movements through the Canal. In + ercoastal tragic between the California oil fields and the east coast of the United States was the most important component of this trade bu+ other impor+ant movements were from the oil fields of the West Indies and Peru. As sta+ed in +he **irst paragraph of this chaoter, ocean-going commercial traffic includes only tolls-paying vessels o" 300 or more net tons, Panama Canal measurement, or 500 or more displacement tons. Comparative statistics of ocean- going commercial vessels, including tankers, are presented in a table which fol- lows. This table shows the number of transits, the Panama Canal net tonnage, the tolls paid, and the cargo carried each year since the opening o p the Canal. The ^igures for Panama Canal net tonnage prior to 1929 are estimated figures, based on revised measurement rules which became effective March 1, 1928. During the first four years in which the Canal was used for traffic transits o^ British vessels exceeded those o r any other country; from 1^19 through 1944- United States vessels led in transits followed by British vessels; but in 1945 British vessels again ranked first in the number of transits although United States vessels transported a slightly larger volume of traffic. The second table following this text segregates the ocean-going cargo through the Canal during the 10-year period 1936-45 by nationality of vessel and makes apparent the effect of the war on world shipping. 113 CANAL TRAFFIC BY FISCAL TEARS, 1915 - U5 Number of Transits Panama Canal Net Tonnage Tolls Tons of Teardj cargo Tankers(2) Other* Total Tankers (2) Other Total Jankers (2) Other Total (2,240 lbs.) 1915 _ _ I.O58 _ - 3.507.OOO - $ 4.366,747.13 2.403.089.40 4,888.400 1916(3) - - 724 - - 2,212,000 - 3.093.335 1917 - - 1.738 - - 5.357.000 - - 5.620.799-83 7.054.720 1918 - - 1.989 - - 6,072,000 - - 6,428.780.26 7.525.768 1919 - - 1.948 - - 5,658,000 - - 6.164,290.79 6,910.097 1920 - - 2.393 - - 7.898.000 - - 8.507.938.68 9.372.374 1921 - - 2.791 - - 10.550,000 - - 11.268.681.46 11.595.971 1922 - - 2.665 - - 10,556,000 - - 11,191.828.56 10. 882. 607 1923 1924 913 2.995 3.454 3.908 5,326.000 11,880,000 17.206,000 i 4.769.324.63 $12,743,702.56 17.504,027.19 19.566,429 1.704 5.158 4.592 10.120.000 l4,06l,000 24,181,000 9.071.S35.65 5.728.302.26 15.212,824.27 24, 284, 659. 92 26,993.167 1925 1.079 3.513 6.367.OOO 14.767.000 21,134,000 15,665,415.75 21.393.718.01 23.956.549 1926 1.090 3.997 5.087 6.286,000 16.620,000 22,906,000 5,626.167.93 17.293.763-96 22.919.931.89 26.030.016 1927 1.324 3.969 5.293 7.555.000 16,690,000 24,245,000 6,658.806.90 i7.553.433.7i 21,485.763.59 24. 212. 250. Gl 27.733.555 1928 1.121 5.132 6.253 6,188,000 21. 041,000 27.229.000 5.436.457.16 26,922,200.75 29,615.651 1929 1.083 5.206 6.289 5,792.000 21,793.000 27.585.OOO 5,145.632.19 2i.965.493.28 27.111,125.47 30.647.766 1930 1,218 4,809 6,027 6,505,000 21,211,000 27.7l6.000 5.768.963.2s 4,682,320. 14 2i.29i.O35.66 27.059.998.94 30.018,429 1931 9UU 4.426 5.370 4.362 5,237.000 20,453,000 18,304,000 25.690,000 i9.942.279.62 24,624,599.76 25.065.283 1932 612 3.750 3.538,000 21.842,000 3,197.136.29 lj.497.56s.32 16,207.766.15 20.694,704.61 19.798.986 1933 636 3.526 4.162 3,775.000 17,319,000 2I.O94.OOO 3.393.311-02 19.601.077.17 18. 161. 165 1934 942 4.292 5.234 ^,760,000 4,635,000 20,650.000 26,410,000 5, 161, 787. 4o IS. 885. 396. 04 19,114.199.84 24.047.183.44 24,704,009 1935 791 4,389 5. 180 21.085,000 25.720.000 4,192.863.09 23.307.062.93 25.309.527 1936 598 4.784 5.382 3.456,000 22,467,000 25.923.000 3.192.498.46 20,286,615.75 23. 479. 114. 21 26.505.943 1937 643 4.744 5.387 3,714,000 21.716.000 25.430.000 3.4^1.771.65 2,646.711.79 19.650,365.47 23.102.137.12 28.10S.375 27.385.924 1938 562 4.962 5.524 3.190,033 22.760.350 25.950.383 20.323,176.91 23,l69.«88.70 1939 580 5.323 5.903 3.361.367 23. 808,640 27.120.007 2,766,289.86 20.894.731.22 23. 66l. 021. 08 27.886. 627 1940 U95 4.675 u.uou 5.370 2.756.437 21.387.929 24.144.366 2.273.539-32 18, 871. 136.04 21.144,675.36 27,299.016 19^1 323 4.727 1,730,248 18.912.488 20,642.736 1.435.916.34 l6.72i.823.34 18.157.739-68 24.950.791 1942 202 2.486 2.688 1,067.439 9.942.565 7,084,458 11,010,004 882.694.00 8,869.513.38 9.752.207-36 13,607.444 19U3 189 1.633 1,822 1.149.541 8.233.999 959.445.00 6.397.239-94 7.356,6^4.94 10.599.966 1944 256 1,306 1,562 1.573.856 4,499,601 5.842,341 6.073.457 1.269.352.00 4,186,811.32 5,456,163.32 7.243,601.58 7.003,487 19U5 Ul9 1.520 1.939 2,538,618 8.380.959 £.051,780.00 5. 191. 821. S8 8.603.607 Grand Tot il 1 22.525 547.726.911 $522,157,930-17 590,854,986 (1) Tlscal year ending 30 June. (2) Not separately reported, until 1923. (3) Canal closed by slide* for approximately 7 months. COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC THROUGH THE PANAMA CANAL DURING THE FISCAL YEARS I936 (Quantities in tons of 2,240 pounds) 45. BY NATIONALITY 07 VESSEL Nationality 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 United States 10,700,535 9,844.254 9,892.619 9. 909. 380 12.384,617 12.969,434 6.220,957 5,210,340 3,352.806 3.493.353 Argentine - - - - - - 14.214 30.980 5.900 9.611 Belgian 23.202 - - 12.483 - 17.278 - 15.055 - 45.163 Brazilian - - - - - - - - 3.950 - British 6,161,571 79.456 7.179.136 6.417,016 6,601.556 5.182.351 3.904.964 3.419.427 3.466.555 2.406.686 3.347,421 Chilean 94,721 26.787 62.904 121.571 203,208 332.226 273.756 289,170 281.293 Chinese - 32.942 13.113 - - - - - - - Colombian - - - - 9.041 14.545 5.079 - - - Costa Rican - 214 - - - - - - - 10.656 Cuban - - - - - - - - - - Danish 627.407 757.379 865.235 727.552 695,684 5.409 - - 21.033 31.923 Danzig 16,870 - - - - - - - - - Ecquadorean - - - - - - - - - 7.250 Egyptian - - - - 29.224 - - - - - Estonian - 22.390 4.695 - - - - - - - Finnish - 4,920 4.021 - 12,640 103.429 2.823 - - - French 544.343 542.539 1,496,084 567.288 501.752 1.468,996 341,366 229.495 20.080 - - - - German 1.305.090 1.518.593 - - - - - Greex 238.310 429.913 525.351 666.471 994.836 386.672 64,858 53.404 - 16.341 Honduran 5.959 11,626 8.478 23. 206 70.710 56.568 68,607 17.297 36.34H 124,476 Hungarian 6,020 - 24.411 - 7.026 6.883 - - - - Italian 160,262 132,010 153.417 179.468 171.512 - - - - - Japanese 1,697.880 1.789.178 1.877,502 1.710.303 1,863,619 1.659.510 32.961 - - - Latvian - 9.900 4.900 4.870 43,043 12,829 - - - - Mexican - - - - 1.897 15.725 11.521 - 16.905 31.673 Netherland 511,620 700.725 749.642 675.105 617,948 1.528.172 1.121,266 455.096 268.595 156.390 Nicaraguan - - - - 4,106 1.506 2.309 - - - Norwegian 2.717.860 3.506.109 3.433.571 3,408,078 2.905.772 2.054.571 906,823 674,829 342.937 407.804 Panamanian 654,610 627.182 415.561 371.721 513. 706 717.553 505.259 175.254 142.178 460,186 Peruvian 4,109 5.937 7.151 8,44i 8.339 9.341 22,843 31.070 3.746 10.831 13,26s Philippine - 31. 681 37.057 90.173 185,517 85.257 20.331 - - Polish - - - - - - - - 7.782 - Portugese - - - - - - 24.571 - - 17.281 Rumanian - - - - 19.387 5.517 - - - - Soviet - - 10,419 19.926 18,278 1.671 15.199 107. 681 50.336 12.465 Spanish 35.415 36,102 15.280 - 22.390 64,221 - 21.986 - 35.59« Swedish 855.409 775.800 763.040 1,008.245 79L083 772.511 440.825 - - 49.636 Thailandic - - - - - 7.679 - - - - Uruguayan - - - - - - - 15.592 25.625 14.711 Venezuelan 3.845 3.724 3.971 2.300 - - - - 22.149 34.895 Togo b lav 136.170 73.909 73.413 266.913 147.996 192.496 302.190 56,064 - 1.811 Total 26.505.943 28.108.375 27.385.924 27.866,627 27.299.016 24.950.791 13.607,444 10.599.966 7.003.487 8,603,607 114 PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES TRANSPORTED Statistics of commodities passing through the Canal are not precise be- cause at the time of transit it is not required that complete manifests of cargo carried by vessels be submitted to the Canal authorities. In lieu of a manifest, the master of each vessel is required to submit a cargo declaration, which is a briefly itemized statement, listing the principal items of cargo carried and showing their ports or country of origin and destination. These cargo declarations form the basis of the commodity statistics. There is a natural tendency not to list small miscellaneous shipments but to include them under the head of general cargo. Hence, except in the case of commodities commonly shipped in bulk, such as mineral oils carried in tank ships, wheat, lumber, nitrates, etc., aggregate shipments of the various commodities are likely to be in excess of the tonnage reported during the year and shown in the annual summary. Subject to errors arising from this source, the tonnages of the principal commodities shipped through the Canal during the fiscal years ending 30 June 193&-40 are shown in the first table following. A second table shows the origin and destination of the principal commod- ities passing through the Panama Canal during the period 1941 through 1945* In order to be able to compare traffic trends during the war years with the move- ments preceding the outbreak of hostilities in Europe, the origin and destina- tion of the principal commodities moving in 1939 are also shown. It is im- portant to remember that statistics for the war years are not strictly compa- rable with those for normal times, since many vessels owned by the United States transited the Canal during the war carrying cargo to war areas which was not included in any of the traffic tabulations. As previously stated, 5& percent of the traffic traversing the Canal in 1945 and 40 percent of the 1944 traffic was not included in the statistics of ocean-going commercial traffic, since it was tolls-free. 115 COMKZBCl PASSIBG THBOTOH Tfflt PAIAMA CABAL DUBITO TBI TISCAL TKAES 1936-40 I1CL. (Ojiaatltlee In ten* of 2,2Uo pounds) Ooaaodltr 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 Atlaatlo to Paolfle 59.838 43.276 Agricultural lapleaeato 36.556 47.U56 27.970 Aanonlua compounds 137.338 60,141 70,924 51.062 103.435 Asbeetoa 21.535 139,864 204,996 34,443 *5.659 35.395 46,496 Asphalt and tar 147.193 151.527 71.931 60.970 Autoaobllss 185,983 207,878 152.131 92.781 Aotoaoblle aceeeeorlee 100,625 86,289 91.769 80,693 65,512 Canned feed products 135.627 136,885 133.111 132,228 139.169 Oeaent 126.596 183,978 153.558 160,271 93.286 Chaalcala 116,066 119.437 24,929 108 .861 127,858 140,411 Claye 14.456 20.913 2l,46l 22,588 Coal and ooko 132.956 124,467 137.404 147.273 330.542 Ceeoa and cocoa beaaa - • 10.750 10.568 9.631 Coffee 61,503 44,529 67.641 73, 31 1 * 76,550 Cora 40.977 43.630 3.049 30.597 Cotton, raw 331. 9«9 &.615 298,300 142,121 250,752 277.978 Oreoeote 34,880 30,657 26,399 43.672 Xleetrleal apparatus 12.527 16.469 25.762 39.207 43.105 Bxplosi»e» - - - 8,182 4.317 fertilisers, unclassified 28.204 23.628 30.296 20.633 25.367 Ploor eoTerlage 17.588 17.172 21.997 27.237 30,844 floor 17,209 12,991 9.271 23.445 20,232 Olass and glassware 65.202 62,226 59.73* 60,005 47.797 Orooerlea, oaclaaalfled 10.345 9.826 22.43U 24.794 31.279 Liquors aad vlaea 66,130 58,826 64,981 74,093 71.432 Loaber aad alll prodoeta 47.835 46.700 42,025 58,157 63.492 Machinery 137.261 155.206 167,698 158.835 205,210 Maauf aotoraa of Iron aad ateel 1,379.363 1.770,293 1,859,087 646,679 1.495.497 1.837.593 Met el a, Tarlous 169, 141 379.200 794.702 400,285 316,627 Mineral olla 678,607 907,440 1,032,671 1,294,886 4?,3 , »5 24,1(27 titrate 103.178 68,078 68,702 54,181 Oilseed oake aad aeal 7.3«6 1.750 9.739 27,504 Oil aeeda 6.315 18.831 17,917 45,676 25,985 Olla, Tegetablo 30.939 26,116 29,341 32,002 45,620 19,366 Orea, Tarlous 214J11 120,233 103.902 100,830 Point • aad Tarnishes 38.496 38,59* 32,480 36.057 37,000 Paper aad paper prednota 397.196 431.672 422,766 402,264 394,021 PharaacentioeJ. preparations 15.935 16.507 24,431 29.114 31 '#' 220,647 Phoaphatea 289,870 310,015 328.079 202.981 Potash 43,826 27.290 40.288 27.859 25.950 Qnebracho extract 8,518 9.129 21.986 12.357 20,652 20,910 Railroad aatorlal 61.274 77.588 82,235 70,637 Reeln 55,527 57.793 35.304 41,303 44.606 Bobber, aaaofaetored - 12.798 15.694 16,642 21,784 Bobber, eerap - 2.835 2.583 H.S37 20,328 Salt 48,485 45,121 45.967 54,751 71,899 Bead 63.992 646.464 52,l6o 56.973 25.788 21.776 Scrap aetal 1,666,030 999.151 ;, 200, 368 968,045 Blag 17,093 50,299 62.546 26,769 9.230 Slate 12.527 10,610 10,875 20,616 20,746 Soap aad prodoeta 21.429 17,075 22,683 28,630 29,957 Soda aad aodloa eoapooada 37.255 50,888 61,948 39. 69* 48,528 Soger 9*,607 74.185 56.9>U 36.832 19.188 Sulphur 224,734 253. 29 1 * 297.283 234.879 353.452 Textllea 108,733 99.337 94,625 98.325 87,212 flaplate 246,902 272,772 237.997 52.489 194,186 243,784 Tobacco 51,707 69,407 64,441 69,044 Voodpolp 55,529 105,775 113,180 59.83^ 96.150 All other 1.113,137 1,047,926 1,021,086 1.039.525 1,119,629 Total Atlaatle to Paolfle 8.249,899 9.895.632 9,688,560 9,011.267 9,819,600 Pacific to J itlantlo Asphalt aad tar 52.302 65.058 107,187 61.861 87.538 Bananas 66,153 38,501 53.319 *5,557 36.624 Barley 221,624 166,578 237.137 259.612 117.625 Beaaa, edible, dry in, k| »4 13»,239 175,917 165. 185 130,021 Borax 101,012 96,619 89.831 74.239 S4.241 Canned food product! 1.050.855 1.092,356 991.^36 1.232.636 1,248,059 Cheat eels - 30.153 33.704 18,542 25,286 Coooaaota aad prodosta 29.894 14,933 22,747 27.064 29.543 Coffee 158.315 177,209 174,778 185.3 1 *! 166,881 Cold storage food prodoeta except freeh fruit 324,092 304,332 155. 413 114,087 33"».659 335.874 444,291 Copra 126,591 163.521 127,473 156.657 111,438 Cotton, ras 120,014 106,211 98,920 116 COMMISCI PABSIBO THHCCOH THE PABAMA CABAL DTOIIG TEX FISCAL TXARS 1936-40 IICL. (Ojuatltlee in torn of 2.2UO ponndi) Commodity 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 Pacific to Atlaatlc(oont'< l) 35.866 32.|»73 Fish aeal 51.922 37,901 24,66? 19.414 Flth oils l6,226 20,218 18.707 34.433 Floor 337.487 259.389 233.810 153.642 176.126 Fruit, dried 309.096 233.957 291,444 337.769 419.109 275.637 Fruit, frssh 336.367 216,770 347.527 135.143 Ouano 31,201 32,230 - 27.830 4,700 Hemp, unmanufactured - 26,176 18. 490 24.293 4o. 118 Iron and steel manufactures m - 13.4o4 8.466 14.299 Lumber 2, 764 ,091 2,748,917 2.850,953 3.191.093 3,669,482 Metals, various 599.388 653.250 698.170 674.314 706,001 Mineral olla 3.277.078 3,571,626 2,874.809 2.777.201 2.014,237 Nolaaaea and alrupa 132,302 127.381 1.328,482 47.377 101.750 61.577 ■ltrate 1,181,197 1,401,003 1,444,148 1.361,422 Oat a 69.916 100,629 71,576 102.650 49.990 Oilseed cake and meal 62.687 76.253 63.798 62.925 60.669 Olla, Teg*t*bla 221,255 197,000 170,686 174,944 211,457 Oraa, rarloua 1.496,021 1,851,254 2,126,657 1.991.690 2,165.646 Paper and paper produota 131.368 122.894 137.578 44.933 120,723 127.415 Pboaphatea 58.175 39.280 87.715 92.259 Foroalalnware 50,194 51.608 45.934 25.324 48,287 26.409 Potaah 27.965 45.61U 32.041 44,906 33.731 75.777 Hlce 57.109 31.127 93.579 Rubber, raw - 70.536 62.505 24,934 185,819 Sand - - - 1.350 7.165 Seeda, except oil aeed - - - 13.531 17,212 Seine and hides 72.782 72.761 56.346 58.760 53,961 Soya beans 239,860 107.612 52.934 236.099 43.200 Sugar I.39I.9O? 24,124 1.358,948 1.486,516 1.329,276 1.455.683 Tallow 32.050 26,831 30,864 36.573 Tea . - 13.705 11,884 14.691 Textiles 42.753 75.652 51.009 30,986 43.084 Wheat 1.480.187 1.218,581 705.500 1.539.474 6ll,96l Vines 25.848 28,571 28,718 29.879 2*.387 Wood pulp 164,001 140,612 313.969 235,768 275.350 Wool 161,528 159.586 123.297 138.622 158.148 All other 1,031.206 786,194 680,763 633.248 585.689 Total, Paolflo to Atlantic 18.256,044 18,212,743 17.697.364 18,855.360 I7.479.4l6 OHIOIB AND DXSTIHATIOI OF P81BCIFAL COMMODITIES MOVE) THECCOH TBI PABAMA CABAL ATLANTIC TO PACIFIC (Quantities expreased In tons of 2,240 pounds) Flaoal year ended 30 'una - Origin, destination and commodity 1939 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 from last Coast United Statea to- Veet Coast United States: Canned goods various ?4,119 48.743 119,461 57.145 - - - Chealcale unclassified 53.537 - - ™ - Flour, wheat - - - - - 18. 719 Iron and steel Manufactures 784,485 1.237.651 316.090 - - - - - 69.493 - - ~ Mineral olla 138,689 140,281 - - - - Paper and paper products 129.607 125.027 45.587 - - - Sulphur 133,017 146.396 42,985 - - ™ Tlnplata All other 67.83? 995.024 50,025 1,075.171 418.310 - 704 59,400 Total 2.391.523 2.9^7.549 949,610 - 704 78.U9 Veat Coast Central Aaerloa 31.710 52,423 37.134 6.563 16.215 - Vest Coaat South Aaerloa: Coal 2.023 90,434 77.592 36.592 39.866 • 19,246 Iron and steel Manufactures 63.719 108,207 104,703 32.303 70.807 41.179 Lubricating oils and greases 13.?75 15.526 32.796 12,000 8.343 1,112 Machinery 16.473 22.125 24.639 12,191 17.042 9.198 Paper and paper products 905 15.416 21.803 13.732 1.835 1,499 All other 95.637 204,627 280.795 119.366 377.297 494,450 Total 192.732 456.335 542,328 226,184 515.190 56b, 684 OHIOII AID DIST1HATI0I 07 PRIICIPAL COMMODITIaS HOTKD THBOOOH TBI FAIAHA CAIAL AxXABTIC TO PACITIC (COBT'D) 117 ( <*iant i ties expraesed la tone of 2,21*0 pounds) fiscal year ended 30 June - Origin, destination and commodity 1939 19l»l 191*2 191*3 1944 1945 Proa Cast Coast United Stats • to (eont'd) - last eoaat South Aaerloa ill Magellan; Coal _ m - 11*. 717 8.087 2,826 All othar - - - 39.567 43.307 3,428 Total _ - - 54,261* 51.394 6,254 Hawaiian Islands: Ammonias eoepoundi - - 1>*,1*60 - - - Explosives - # - - - 4,300 - Iron and ataal manufactures - - 22.633 - - - Tinplata 37.916 55.970 - - - - All othar 103,888 171.825 71.739 *■ 5,193 • Total l4l,S04 227.795 108,852 - 9.493 - Australasia: Automobiles and accessories 37.570 15.1*32 3^.911 19,226 22.669 509 Iron and ataal manufactures 15,805 26,01*7 28,329 31.703 17.980 17.068 Machinery 9.856 11,893 13.278 10.658 9.648 1.730 Mineral oils 67.844 79.950 163.978 38.652 115.966 111,184 Paper and paper products - - 1.679 7.302 26,672 19.147 Phosphates - - 36 58 84,028 50,177 Sulphur 95.637 123,754 72.359 21,665 95.523 58.497 Tlaplate 383 719 84,669 17,01*6 44,719 35.939 Var materials, unclassified _ - m 8.737 52,428 - All other ll>7.W»9 158.1*97 135.210 104,21*3 433.993 362,142 Total 374,544 1*16,292 531*. 1*1*9 259,290 903,626 656,413 Africa: Aaamnltlon - - - 52,779 - - Aatoaoblles and accessories - - - 45.537 3,200 - Canned goods, tbxIous - - - 17.701 - - Iron and steel manufactures - _ - 105,560 4.589 - Machinery - m - 14,214 2.043 - Mineral oils - - - 275.565 3.489 - Ordnance except ammunition - - - 14.513 - - Railroad material - - - 11.591 - ™ Var materials, unclassified - _ - 156,090 7.513 - All other - - - 190,426 60.519 " Total - - - 883.976 81.353 - Philippine Islands: Iron and steel aanufactures 96.497 7U.696 23.705 - - - Mineral oils - - 11.531 - - - All other 180.902 182J29 87.937 - ■• ■* Total 277.399 257.>*25 123.173 - - - Asia: Alcohol technical - - - - 11.591 - Aaamnltlon - m - 68,156 - - AutoaoMles and accessories U2.865 44,836 1*2,967 152.477 2,401 - Beans, edible - - 5 12.288 - - Canned goods, Tar lone 705 17.932 17.392 61,522 - - Chealcals unclassified 9.518 32,301* 12,01*2 10,534 - - Cotton, raw 175,934 65.969 14.197 - - - explosives 20 3,01*1* 13.190 26,300 - - Hour 2.917 3.296 13.259 29.538 - - OoTernaent stores - - - 87.794 - - Iron and steel manufactures 208,562 501,256 111*. 939 201,361 - - Machinery 38.520 69,118 12.783 43.366 7.115 - Metals: Copper 1*0,615 94,028 m 5.206 - - Iron 197.872 77.4o6 - 6.173 - - Lead 13.772 50,72** - 80 - - Scrap 1.152.841* 390.079 - 1,138 - - Mineral oils 298,289 720,508 1*8.395 68,044 94,764 - Ordnance, except amuunltion - - - 40,231 - - Paper and paper produots 3.335 87.628 hi*. 626 5,958 - - 118 ORIGIN AID DESTINATION 01 PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES MOVED THROUGH THE PANAMA CASAX ATLASTIC TO PACIEIC (COHT'D) (Ojiantltles expressed In tons of 2,240 pounds) Origin, destination and commodity 1939 19!»1 El seal year ec 191*2 ded 30 June - 191*3 19U1* 19**5 Eroa East Coait United Stats • to (cont'd)- Aala (cont'd) Phosphates Railroad materials Tlnplate War aaterlals, unclassified Wheat an other 139.197 10.3&3 33,027 2,267 223,206 250,181* 15,367 50,805 225 608,188 3~966 17. 38 1 * 135.507 60 3"*.556 5.936 1*20,1*13 13.026 199.231 101,052 - Total 2,593.808 3,082,897 1*90,651* 1,1*93,388 216,923 - Balboa, C. Z. Cenent Mineral oils All other 3.051 5,»»63 25.598 52,001 » 35.67U 63.529 39.607 1,1*50 1*3,062 3.272 8.531 5.5!*o total 8.51U 77.599 138,810 i*7,78i* 8.531 5. 51*0 High Seas - - - 670,580 - - To other territories 22,292 20,590 - - i*,l9i* 62.916 Total from East Coast United States 6, 03U. 326 7.538.905 2.925.010 3,6i*2,oi»9 1. 807. 623 1.375.926 Eroa Cristobal. C. Z. to- West Coast Central Aaerlca West Coast Socth Aaerlca Other territories 50,907 135,986 26.85U 51,801* 139.500 25.383 51 ,801 83.376 12.575 8,81*2 6,608 31.039 13.1*82 13.293 i*,50i 30.316 17.136 Total froa Cristobal, C.Z. 213. 7>»7 216,687 ii*7.752 1*6,1*89 31.276 1*7, 1*52 Eroa East Coast Canada to- West Coast Canada 1*6,893 11. 59 1 * Australasia: Automobiles and acceesorles Paper All other 139.836 82,88>* 85,81*2 56.938 36.1*30 53.323 3^.765 2,329 5.231 25,1*87 2.696 6,808 7.779 26.327 39.068 Total 222,720 11*2,780 12U.518 33.0U7 17.283 65.395 Asia (including Japan) 50, 9^3 10,700 3.697 38.3 1 *7 - - Other territories 27.85U 13,626 7,1*1*0 2i*,39l* - - Total froa East Coast Canada 3 1 *8. l *10 178,700 135.655 95.788 17.283 65.395 Eroa East Coast Central Aaerlca- 63.287 n.570 27.119 2.312 2.979 m Mexlco to- West Coast Central America- Mexico: Mineral oils All other - Total 7M57 29,U31 - 2.979 - - Asia: Mineral oils All other 21.757 79,280 36.285 - _ - m Total 21.757 115.565 - - - - Other territories 21.938 20,1*86 26.303 1.119 3.581* 16,201 Total froa East Coast Central Aaerloa-Mexloo 118,552 165,1*82 26.303 l*,098 3.58 1 * 16,201 ORIOIB 1ST DESTINATIOB OT PRIHCIPAL COMMODITIM MOVE) THHOUOH TEX PAHAMA CABAL ATLARIC TO PACIFIC (COBT'E) (Ojiantltles expressed In tons of 2,240 pot tnds) Origin, destination and eoamodlty 1939 1941 Tlsoal year si 1942 ided 30 Jane - 1943 1944 1945 Proa Xait Coast South Aaerloa to- 11,185 Veet Coast Canada: Mineral olle 274,947 Went Coast United States) Canned seat Coffee Fertiliser Oil seeds Vegetable oil* All other 45.113 » 65,1408 54,870 97.733 8,36l 24, 6;i 26,439 25.196 16,335 24,854 - - - Total 110,521 152.603 125.796 - - - Vest Coast South Aaerlca: Mineral olle All other 131,008 21,61*1 29.398 22.519 - 112 638 _ _ Total 152,61*9 51.917 - 750 - - Asia: Cotton All other 71. 5*5 53.179 100,167 122,592 - m _ _ Total 124, 724 222.759 - - - - Other territories 19.145 12,719 45,980 10,060 23.932 35.704 Total froa last Coast South Aaerlca 407.039 439.998 171,776 10,810 35.117 310,651 Troa Vest Indies to- West CoaBt South Aaerlca: Mineral oils Sugar All other 165.573 12,l4l 251.113 4.771 128,371 2.958 10.554 1.343 2.717 13. 518 102,399 44,263 11,242 Total 177.714 255.884 131.329 11.897 16.235 157.904 Balboa, C. Z.: Mineral oils *11 other 65.307 130,823 197.515 51 446,811 12,272 707.734 5.950 1,061,859 Total 65.307 130,823 197.566 459,083 713,684 l,06l,859 West Coast Canada: Mineral oils Sugar All other - - - - 7.700 7.165 20,083 11.858 18,758 Total - - - - 14.865 50.699 Vest Coast Central Aaerlca- Mezlco: Mineral oils All other - - 74,992 3,128 16,324 58,257 1.644 107,760 Total - - 78,120 16,324 59.901 107,760 Asia (including Japan) Salt Sugar All other 19.892 59,323 5.051 - 13,298 70 - - Total 19.892 64.374 - 13.368 - - Australasia: Asphalt Mineral oils All other 3.453 18,489 9.955 10,264 20,128 168,362 40 21,484 4 300,210 634,810 Total 21,942 20,219 188.530 21,488 300,210 634,810 20 OBIGIH iHS DISTIHATIOH OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES MOVED THHOUSH TH1 PAHAMA CABAL ATLASTIC TO PACIFIC (CONT'D) (Quantities expressed In torn of 2,240 pounds) Fiscal year ended 30 June - Origin, destination and comaodity 1939 I94i 1942 1943 1944 1945 Froa Vest Indie* to (cont'd)- Afrlea: Mineral olli - - - 135,25* 100.589 - High Seas: - - 66.197 86,004 - - Other territories 34.079 31.7*5 25.515 2.557 24,876 *3.9*5 Total froa Vest Indies 318,934 503,045 687.257 745.975 1.230,360 2,056,977 Froa Sorope to - Vest Ooast South Aaerloa: Ceaent 5*.337 8,070 - 592 - - Chealeals, unclassified 16,004 9.567 25.305 1*,997 - - Iron and steel afg. 72.9«9 8.552 - 61 - - all other 272.367 76.505 24,000 27.184 25.736 43,999 Total "*15.697 102,694 *9.305 42,834 25.736 *3.999 Asia (including Japan) t Oaaent - - 19,114 15 - - bploslres - - 11,492 24 - • Iron and steel afg - - 16,040 3,464 - - Machinery 4,923 - 9.021 11,150 - - All other 30,496 48,625 87.782 11,535 - - Total 35.419 48,625 143,449 26,188 - - Australasia: Aaaunltlon - - 7.232 28,127 - - Chealeals, uaolasslfled n.897 9.191 25.305 15,806 4,940 1,700 Sxploslree - 13.988 9.638 864 - Glass and glassware - - 12,832 3.997 - - GoTernaent stores - - - 21,106 - - Iron and ateel afg. 101.345 30.255 27,861 23.191 7.276 11.505 Machinery 26,060 16,508 39.789 19.785 "♦.738 2,022 Ordnance, except aaaunltlon - m 2.786 14,641 - - Salt 31.149 17.603 22,961 27.563 6,084 - Soda and sodlua coapoonds 1,628 9.836 11.052 27.922 3,400 2,628 Tlaplate - - 21.515 190 5,*17 - War aatarlals, unclassified - - - 15.073 3.807 3.*55 All other 370,691 136.264 175.989 109,509 166,844 267,940 Total 5*2,770 219.657 36l .310 316,548 203.370 289,250 Vest Coast United States 337.401 23.354 - - - - Vest Coast Canada 78.789 47.607 - - - - Vest Coast Central Aaerlca- Mezloo 91.873 - - - - - Other territories 23.849 - 23.309 14,488 - 27.560 Total froa Barope 1.525.798 441.937 577.373 400.058 229,106 360,809 Froa Asia and Africa to- 44,461 3.692 13.796 - - Other territories 1,52* ORAHD TOTAL 9.011,267 9.488.446 4,684,922 *. 9*5, 267 3,354.3*9 *.23*.935 ATLASTIC TO PACIFIC 121 OBIOII AHD DISTIKiTIOH OF PRIBCIPAL CCMHODITIIS MOVE) THBCOOH THX PiBiMA CAJSAi PiCI/IC TO ATLABTIO Identities expressed In toot of 2,240 pounds) Fiscal year ended 30 June - Origin, destination, and commodity 1939 1941 1942 1943 1944 19"»5 From West Coast United Stataa/ Canada to- latt Coait United Stataa: Asphalt and tar 64,113 42.784 - - - - Beam, edible 68,922 53.261 742.595 18. 495 - 2,245 - Canned goode, rarious 735.122 294,698 - 3.334 - Hoop 115.597 97.627 25.855 - - - Fruit, dried 157.016 131,021 49,930 423,448 - - - Lumber 1,689.056 1,488,184 - 7.989 83.560 Mineral ollt 810,051 756,901 60.724 17.103 - - Holassaa - - l4,S6l - - - Orel - m 18,027 - - - Paper and paper product! 81,382 69.738 16,137 - - - Sugar 1140,0144 101,195 - - - - Wheat - - 248 - 49,061 - Voodpulp 188,777 99.883 10,112 - - - all other and unclassified 644.742 401,526 85,842 - 4,781 24,425 Total 4,694,822 3.984,715 1.018.377 17.103 67,410 107,985 Cristobal, C. Z. : Mineral oils 32.955 58.458 9.351 129.831 - - ill other 22,118 49.398 13,003 12,456 - ~ Total 55.073 107,856 22,354 142,287 - - West Indies) Canned Goods - - 19,566 10.622 - 1,700 'lour - - 2.585 10,891 - - Lumber - - 26.146 10,703 22,221 18,419 Mineral oils 401.358 23.602 9.366 - - - Bice 17. 308 25.458 2,427 28,665 - - ill other and unclassified 68,523 98.43s 16,741 25.567 8.936 7.501 Total 4S7\ 189 147, 498 76,831 86,448 31.157 27.620 lor opal Borax 66.598 25,217 11.879 18.339 - - Canned goods 251.992 89.985 94,320 22,358 25,420 10,664 Chemicals 4.470 6,782 11.331 13.817 49 3.089 Cotton raw 17.647 2,768 9.753 20,429 - - Fruit dried 161,102 8.432 1,841 32,124 3.183 1,708 - Fruit, fresh 319.176 - - - - Oraln, except wheat 246,258 2,000 1,766 10.697 - - Lead, metal 117.875 82.614 80.573 92,982 34.205 200,524 61,109 Lunber 1,295,811 1,011,517 141 ,024 435.884 417.973 Mineral oils 605,776 29.109 - - - - Phosphates - - - 13.111 12,300 9.549 Wheat 1,501,038 124,566 13 .688 60,334 42,149 4,076 - Voodpulp 28.303 44,279 68.639 3,260 - Zinc metal 67.827 87.666 24,069 71,444 13,020 26.785 ill other 205.451 30.953 51,880 77,640 48,119 25,929 Total 4,889, 324 1.547.729 541,046 882,367 342,681 555.098 last Coast South America: Luaber - - 15.095 - - - Metals, copper, and lead - - 12,481 - - - Woodpulp - - 11,128 - 1,800 - ill other - - 39.324 - 650 - Total - - 78,028 - 2,450 - Igypt: Lunber - - 17.657 - - - ill other and unclassified - - 3.356 - - - Total - - 21,013 - - - Africa: Lumber 21,283 122,632 30.993 4.994 - 12,882 - ill other and unclassified 5.627 15.180 - 2,844 - Total 26,910 137.812 35.987 - 15.726 - 22 ORIQIH AND DESTINATION 01 PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES MOVED THHOUOH THE PANAMA. CANAL PACIFIC TO ATLANTIC (CONT'D) (Ojiantltlee expressed la tons of 2,240 pounds) Fiscal year ended 30 June - Origin, destination, and coamodlty 1939 1941 1942 19>*3 1944 1945 Iron Vest Coast United State*/ Canada, to (cont'd)- Aela: Lobar - - 31.357 - - - All other and unclassified - - 16,950 - ~ - total - - 48,307 - - - Other territories 2U1.719 231.742 17.297 - - 15.672 High Seas - - - 20,169 - - Total from Vest Coast United States/Canada 10.395,037(1) 6.157.352 1,859.240 1.148,374 459,424 706,375 Tron Vest Coast Central Aaerlca and Mexico to- last Coast United States: Bananas 25,801 116,860 52,844 7.366 9.546 84,371 All other 4,848 9.259 1.366 - 652 2,493 Total 30,649 126,119 54,210 7.366 10,198 86,864 Other territories 92. 9^1 32.645 25.451 7.962 27.683 33.087 Total froa Vest Coast Central Aaerloa and Mexico 123.590 158,764 79.661 15.328 37,881 119.951 froa Vest Coast South Aaerloa to- last Coast United States: Beans _ - 21,724 1.149 7,768 18,490 Cocoa and coooa beans 5.181 7.4o6 4,601 10.312 2,600 3.341 Coffee 24,242 29,811 32.594 90,628 80,801 54,042 Copper, «etal 82.959 290,091 349. 189 . 261,989 459,915 453.483 Lead, natal 2.139 28,184 27,468 16.764 25,920 31.704 Mineral oils 41,867 - 46,298 14, 417 - lit rates 546,352 535.776 592.»*37 607,496 416.211 893.772 Ore, Iron 1,612,801 1,687,070 1.204,695 44,76o - - Ore, except Iron 59.176 150.956 214,002 149.319 78.650 117.627 Rice - - 2.149 289 32.107 4.513 Sugar 42,117 79.606 93.675 l.54l - - Vools 767 7.120 9.327 11.568 9.131 10,053 All other 71.523 104,105 100.381 62,442 199,629 190,704 Total 2,447,257 2.961.992 2,652,242 1,304.555 1.327.149 1,807,729 last Coast Canada: Mineral oils 126, 46i 30,360 - - - " All other 5.903 3 - ~ - - Total 132,364 30,363 - - - - Cristobal, C. Z. : Coffee 93.785 110,985 50.959 25.493 41.746 41.737 22,889 All other 49,4oi 39.107 39,813 27.674 18. 525 Total 143,186 150.092 90,772 67.239 69.411 41,414 Vest Indies: Mineral oils 79.249 17.660 24.439 12,400 - - ■Urates 447 10,714 48,896 11.969 - 8,720 Rice - 732 14,818 19.662 - 27,404 All other 24,207 26.403 26,887 20,661 36,288 24,522 Total 103.903 55.509 115.040 64,692 36,288 60.646 Europe: Barley 55.329 « - - ™ ™ Beans 52,663 21,167 - - - - Copper, aetal 235.363 - • - - - Cotton " - 8.676 8,049 12.347 4.729 (1) 7.521,585 tons frosi Vast Coast Unltad States; 2,873.452 from Vest Coast Canada. 123 OHIOIH AHD DISTIMAIIOH OF PEIHCIPAI. 0OMM0DITUS MOVED THBOUOH THE PAHAMA CAHAL PACIFIC TO ATLAHTIC (COHT'D) (Quantities expressed In tons of 2,240 pound*) Fiscal year ended 30 June - Origin, destination, and commodity 1939 19U1 19"*2 19"*3 19U4 1945 Prom West Coast South America to- ( cont'd) Europe (cont'd): Mineral oils 679,000 79,998 - ■♦7,532 - - 11 tr at as 864,384 213,326 ll*9,65l* 6.526 16,861* 126,396 Oilseeds 65,013 220 - 96 - - Ores, various 166,100 Ul.819 49,791 2M33 23.877 22,104 Soger 132,563 29.985 - - - - All other 231,126 142,51*9 13.433 6.990 18,21*3 11,158 Total 2,481,54l 429, o64 221, 55 1 * 93.226 71.331 164,387 last Coast South America - - - 7.277 12.273 43,508 Other territories 36.86U 12, 51* 52.631* 2.978 2.297 43.879 High Seas - - - 62,521 - - Total froia West Coast South America 5.345.115 3.639.53^ 3,132,21*2 1,602,1*88 1.51s, 749 2,161,563 From Balboa. C. Z.. to- Unspecified points - 2,813 7.825 3 8,809 - Tron Hawaiian Islands to- last Coast United States: Canned fruit 129,683 239.322 73.430 - - 12,108 Molasses - - 12,299 - - - Scrap metal - - - - - 14,293 Sugar 208,208 307, 8U9 133,662 93,1*28 10,1*89 - All other 23,966 34,184 2,867 - 700 ~ Total 361,857 581,355 222,258 93.1*28 11.189 26,401 Bar ope: Molasses and sirups 79.174 12,651 - ~ ■ - Total from Hawaiian Islands 44i,o3i 594,006 222,258 93,1*28 11,189 26,401 From Australasia to- East Coast United States: Ammunition - - - - - - Dairy products - - - - - - Pood produots, refrigerated - - 13.176 1.887 - - Plour - - - - - - Fruit, dried - _ - - - - Hides and skins - _ 33.498 I*,622 715 - Lead, metal - 13,206 30,977 16, 086 1,800 8,806 Meat, refrigerated - - - - - - Ores, Tarlous 41,357 62,691 107. 949 80,505 1*8,585 25.150 Sand - - 21.092 18,105 1,863 6,200 Sugars 15 - 2,090 15.638 - - Tallow - - 13,1*11 1.491 705 - Whales oil - - - - - 18,000 Wheat - 76.302 - - - - Wools 13.375 65,135 133.008 81,1*29 18.053 28,563 Zinc Metal and ore - - - - - - All other 32,252 U9.258 37.467 10,255 19,825 31.606 Total 86,999 266,592 392.668 230,018 91.5^6 118.325 last Coast Canada: Fruit, dried - - 12,296 3.911 - - Sugar 63,816 95.709 1*5.258 - - - Wool - - I9,4i4 971 - - All other 23,730 55.230 21,1*99 l*,2i*6 - - Total 87.546 150.939 98,1*67 9,128 - - 124 ORIGIN ANL DESTINATION 0? PSINCIFAL COMMODITIES MOVED THROUGH THE PANAMA CANAL PACIFIC TO ATLANTIC (CONT'D) (Cjiantltie* expressed In ton* of 2, 2^0 pound*) Fiscal year ended 30 June - Origin, destination, and commodity 1939 19U1 19**2 19**3 191*4 191*5 From Au*trala*la to (cont'd)- Europe: Ammunition - - - — - 18,813 Canned goods - - 60,851 8,1*53 5.155 - Copra 82,11*7 13, I'M) - - - - Dairy products 1>+5.913 280,596 273.920 299,1*79 208,844 203.731 'lour, wheat 1*00 8,869 3.993 24,066 - 17.736 Frul t , dr 1 ed 311 13.17 1 * 21,1*51 34,521 35.331 32.614 Iron and steel manufactures - - 19.877 2,002 - - Lead, metal 13.078 23.773 7,824 99.129 65,1*56 66,404 98.233 Meat , canned 2,158 - 31,631 - - Meat, refrigerated l6g,720 291,772 369,31*6 269, 79 1 * 277.367 376,996 Ore, except zinc 38.551 23,888 ll*,292 13,808 3.012 1,200 Phosphates 87,l6o 15.100 - - - - Sugar 83.079 172.679 83 ,012 l*,357 - - Tallow 16.157 26,140 53.553 29.697 17.676 14.365 Wheat 5.326 93,159 115,861* 151.789 - - Wool 68,886 95.786 106,849 81*. 704 61,5*7 100,710 103,746 Zinc, metal and ore 750 6,150 79.971 92.365 97.735 All other "+7.158 90,1*53 96.265 76.673 192,066 220,898 Total 759. 79^ 1,162,503 1,1*03,106 1,163,244 998,930 1.186,067 Other territories 12,001 12.377 4.253 1,1*27 936 21,740 Total from Australasia 91*6,340 1,592,1*11 1. 898,491* 1,403,817 1,091,1*12 1,326.132 From Philippine Island* to- last Coast United State*: Cocoanut* - - 19.389 - - - Cocoannt oil - - 59.370 - - - Copra 65,531 70.312 31,809 - - - Heap, unmanufactured 15.588 "^."us 42.776 - - - Ores: Chrome - - 77.125 - - - Manganese - - 22,>*57 - - - Various 26,650 2ll*, 1*1*2 10,1*1*3 - - - Sugar 579.691 955,191 119,021* - - - All other 231. 1*77 223.530 22,361 - - - Total 918.937 1,512,890 404,754 - - - Other territories 2.525 11.905 6,226 - - - Total from Phlllplne Island* 921,1*62 i.52'*.795 410,980 - - - From Asia to- East Coast United States: Bags and bagging 310 58 22 112,366 72.813 - Copra 35 - 29.312 6,657 - Flour , wheat 166 I3i*,70i - - - - Flour, sago - - 41,028 - - - Heap, unmanuf actnres 1.598 61.996 40,71*3 3.216 1,100 - Hides and skins 1.087 6.11*8 4,592 11,989 2.296 - Jute, unmanufactured 32 96 1,284 90,856 - - Ore, aanganeae 62,1*92 251.016 212,691 - Ore*, various 6.198 160,112 36,046 25.1*76 10,840 - Rubber , raw 20.615 71*3.827 1*52,318 20,809 515 - Spices - • 15.073 1,177 - - Tea 8.678 27.966 15.048 28,503 16,241 - Textiles 16,843 21.358 1.315 12,21*5 - - Tin, metal 2,002 88,11*5 55.885 - - - Vegetable oil* 27.306 105,810 55.181 20,9'*6 5.535 - All other 195.758 290,026 115.399 63. 75 1 * 64,549 - Total 280,593 1,61*0,278 896,1*26 671.665 393.237 - 25 ORIOII AHD DJSTIHATIOH OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES MOVBD THROUGH THE PAEAMA CABAL PACI/IC TO ATLAHTIC (COHT'D) (Quantities expressed In ton* of 2,240 pound*) Origin, destination, and commodity 1939 19U1 fiscal year 1 19**2 inded 30 June - 19U3 1944 19**5 From Aela to (cont'd)- Surope: Canned fish Copra Hats Oilseeds Ores, Yarlous Rubber, raw Soya beans Sugar Tea Vegetable oils All other 50.36U 1.138 2.752 224,621 870 83.303 - 73.698 H.llU 71 ,5*8 97.875 9.555 1*7,027 84,6o4 20,803 16.6U7 8.641 2.570 18,659 32,1*15 - - Total 363.0118 - 395.221 99.735 - - Other territories 39.1UU 152.392 20,175 11,1*80 - - Total from Asia 682,785 1,792,670 1,311.822 782,880 393.237 - from last Coast South America to- - - - 22,277 44,696 28,1*99 21,116 22.576 37. 57 1 * 798 1,000 7.U13 10,631 7.571 68,1*39 laet Coast United States: Meat, canned Ores, Tarlous Ojiebrocho extract Skins and hldee Wool All other l*,000 7.503 1,000 6.706 9.0U1 Total - - - 176,738 95.852 28.250 Bur ops: Meat canned Meat refrigerated All other - - - 28,8U7 58,088 32.293 3.798 "363 - Total - - - 119,228 i*,l6i - Other territorial - - - 10.5!*2 - - Total from last Coast South America . _ - 306. 508 100,013 28,250 from Africa to- last Coast United States: Lumber Ores, Tarlous Sisal fibre All other - ; - 13.700 173,083 IS.2^7 35.926 - _ Total - - - 237.956 - - lor ope - _ - 33,221* - - High Seas and other territories - . - 10,078 - - Total from Africa - - - 281,258 - - From Hi eh Seas and other territories to- - - - 20,615 28,424 High Seas and other territories ORATO TOTAL P AC trie TO ATLAHTIC 18,855.360 15. 1 *62,3 1 *5 8,922,522 5.65>*.699 3.61*9,138 4,368,672 714755 0—46 10 26 THE PANAMA CANAL AS A ROUTE FOR UNITED STATES TRAFFIC The extent to which the Panama Canal is used in the movement of cargo to and from the United States in foreign trade and between the Pacific and Atlan- tic coasts in intercoastal trade is evidenced by a summary giving details of these traffic movements for the fiscal year 1939. The year 1939 was selected for this study, rather than any of the years of the War period, in order to depict normal shipping conditions, insofar as possible. Only the general areas of origin or destination are known for the foreign traffic and information is not available concerning United States ports of origin and destination of the intercoastal traffic, except that originating at or destined to Cristobal and Balboa . The combined import, export, and intercoastal movements of the United States traffic in 1939 from the Pacific to the Atlantic amounted to 12,071,856 cargo tons and the combined movements from the Atlantic to the Pacific were 6,761,302 tons, making a total of 18,833,158 tons of United States traffic over the Canal in that year compared with a grand total of 27,866,267 tons of cargo moving by all trade routes. During the year under consideration, a total of 4, 622,4-69 long tons of cargo from foreign ports moved through the Canal and was imported by the United States, 4, 109, 2^0 tons of which traversed the Canal from the Pacific to the Atlantic and 513,229 tons from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Exports from the United States by way of the Canal totaled 6,758,715 tons, the movement from the Pacific to the Atlantic aggregating 3,052,483 tons and the movement from the Atlantic to the Pacific, 3,706,232 tons. Intercoastal traffic received and shipped by way of the Canal, including traffic with the Hawaiian Islands, totaled 7,451,974 tons, 4,910,133 tons of which followed the Pacific to Atlantic route and 2,541,841 tons the Atlantic to Pacific route. 127 o> on f— **- kn on ^^a- unknonon s on«o ft) UIOK> KN 3 O r— KN * * r-t v*5 vo ft) ffMOff* o IM H»(M r* ft) O ft) to r-l CO 3> r4 0*r~-10 QVO (\< j* on<\) 3 on O r^-ovjo .» KN.H P ON » KNUN 3* H O r-l ir\ in H ON ^ ON o UN K\ on •0 ni KN J- ft) (V KN jt- .» J» CM eo r-l O +* 9 -H 3 O I ** 3 O 0. Vi M O O * D a* So S4" cjS Sh ►-< T o o 'a u 5! 1 8 o A *» o at 4» 4> a H * t • • ^c « a -. « 4» *> ■ a ■a +» -K * a • • oa s2 4* O •** 4» *j 28 5 -a. a <0 • 4» S • *-!" -a J. N 44 *> 4 4» 4. • ■ 4* •o • a • •o n a ■4 u o 4« ■ 9 U o 1 4» "O a 4» «» 32 * 4> s la C9 O d -h a a d rH • on a • o • OUDUOUm a s a *1 ■ ■H *4 • a 1 4» <• M «bo — o ■*■> tf 4» •a ** o So U 3 a ** o 1 • < 4» - o ■ rl 3 r* 3 -iiiiisB % 1&&S8&W ? tH ■ • •X ** a 4- * ■ h -a o » • -H U o 3 u a H <4d .4 e 4* 4* 1 o *» a o o •4 *-* •4 "^ A N M a N 1*- 4-1 ^4 N «0 CM UN f^\i>-* f- ft) K\^*^ tH r4 CM r*- S<5 ft) CM to O BO ITV ^ KN WOH ir.»x> tr» J- J* R \o KN ON CM r*-r^ir.K>«) cm ^* r- ft) to CO CM UN f- r~ K\ »H CM^it r^-K>CM CM uSr-^CM KN « r4 rH «0 >-) iH r-l 1-4 VO •HKN 3 >H m oNr- r- on cm 5" •H CTu-t J- J* VO iH i-t KN l^ r-t K>CM ITN j* •-I ft) r«- K\rH UN UN r- O CM KN K\ CM ft) ftl »^> o\ a O 1 O 3 •H 0. 9 to rH B *-* -^ n 64 >-« O •«. 4-4 | •H M • 1 O Li 4» E3 « H E4 O X «* Vi ■ * « a • ^l • ° - _ • • « ■2 "* 4» 44 • • (4 O 4« • -4 >4 0) 1 h 6 • 44 V -3 CO ^3 • 14 4 f* M -?5; 8 -45 CO 9 a "3 • S3 a ?^4 - 8 1 i^f- a ■3 CO 4»> 14 %4 • -O u 4» • < »-> Of h -» «d *« a l-l — u j3 a a 4* 4» 9 w vi BOS H J^ • O • «rt O u a • ■k4 » ■ c £> 4» 44 & • 4» 4> 44 a 3 u * O "3 15 4> O «> !-• « 4> 4» D -< N -*-» • . O 44 44 ■a 5 « 3 ^ « 44 4> T4 • r4 b « 4» 4» (, -a ■ • f) 4> 1-" • 4 O 0-4"5 ■** O a • " O O %* 3 « m -< a 3 O O H P. -H 4» 4. t> 03 p. *>••». *-» -•9 O ■ O ** 40 0] 4 • a ■3 IX •a c • « 4* O O 4* •3 °sa. -3 4 «o ♦» OB O O 4> (C 4. «-H Ml O Wo ■ ■» wi w* ji tH H O a 4» « ^ 14 ■•» SIIH *-> O B O 44 O (4 *£2$&1S s* » 4> I -S ■ s 1 4-> 129 List of Piers, Wharves, and Docks at Cristobal, C. Z. R e f. Described No. Name on page - 1 Army Pier 75 2 Dock 3 75 3 Pier 6 75 A Pier 7 76 5 Pier 8 76 6 Dock 9 76 7 Dock 10 77 8 Pier 16 - Coaling Plant 77 9 Dock 13 77 10 Dock U 78 11 Dock 15 78 12 Dock 17 78 13 Mindi Dock 79 WAR DEPARTMENT CORPS OF ENGINEERS, US. ARMY. 30 < z: < UJ CQ QC < ® BUNKER COAL MARINE RAILWAYS it DRY DOCK MARINE REPAIR PLANTS X RAILWAY PASSENGER STATION \m\ COLD STORAGE WAREHOUSE o o o o o BOARD OF ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS PORT FACILITIES AT CRISTOBAL, C.Z. SCALE SUBMITTED: CHIEF STATISTICIAN DRAWN 8Y _&4;ft- 2000 2506 3000 FT APPROVED: BF^feNQINE^sTisTAT JULY 1946 WAR DEPARTMENT CORP5 OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY 131 List of Piers, Wharves, and Docks at Balboa, C. Z. Ref. Described No. Name on page — 1 Pier 1 - Quarantine Wharf 81 2 Dock A 81 3 Dock 6 81 /, Dock 7 82 5 Dock 8 82 6 Dock 12 82 7 Dock 13 83 8 Dock U 83 9 Dock 15 83 10 Dock 16 84. 11 Dock 17 84 12 Pier 18 84 13 Dock 19 85 • U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE O — 1946. UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 3 1262 08526 2144