L' Y 
 
 STATE PLANT BOARD 
 
 July 1950 E-806 
 
 United States Department of Agriculture 
 
 Agricultural Research Administration 
 
 Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine 
 
 EFFECT OF CERTAIN SOLVENTS IN DDT EMULSIONS 
 AND SOLUTIONS ON PLANTS TREATED IN 
 WHITE -FRINGED BEETLE CONTROL 
 
 By Chas. F. Henderson, Irving Keiser, and Otelia F. Bodenstein, 
 Division of Domestic Plant Quarantines 
 
 After DDT was shown to be the most effective insecticide against 
 white-fringed beetles ( Graphognathus spp.) (Young 1_, 2), studies were 
 undertaken at Long Beach, Miss., and Atmore, Ala., to determine the 
 best methods for applying this insecticide under field conditions. Both 
 soil and foliage treatments were tested and some of these studies are 
 still in progress. This paper deals with the foliage treatments. 
 
 Several formulations were tested for applying the DDT spray as a 
 foliage treatment. The insecticide was applied as emulsions and solu- 
 tions to field crops grown in test plots located in two separate environ- 
 ments. Emulsions were also applied to ornamentals in both test-plot 
 and field plantings. Suspensions were not included, since they are less 
 adhesive and therefore not so desirable as foliage applications for control 
 of adult white-fringed beetles. 
 
 EFFECT ON FIELD CROPS 
 
 1945 Studies 
 
 Tests were initiated in 1945 to study the effect of DDT emulsions and 
 solutions on the foliage and on subsequent crop yield. Applications were 
 made with a concentrated-spray machine (developed by the Bureau) which 
 operated at 3 1/2 miles per hour, covered a swath 25 feet wide, and 
 delivered approximately 6 gallons of spray liquid per acre. The middle 
 rows of each swath received the most drastic treatments, especially 
 when the vegetation was tall, and the observations on foliage injury 
 were made particularly on these rows. 
 
 _l/ The writers acknowledge the assistance of C. L. Stanford, 
 William Breland, and R. H. Nelson, all of this Bureau; B. P. Livingston, 
 chief, Division of Plant Industry, State of Alabama; Clay Lyle, State , 
 entomologist of Mississippi; and personnel of the Alabama State Prison 
 Farm, Atmore, Ala. 
 
Initial 
 
 boiling 
 
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 444 
 
 
 1 
 
 504 
 
 
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 388 
 
 
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 419 
 
 
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 192 
 
 
 
 200 
 
 
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 253 
 
 
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 2 - 
 
 Nine emulsion and two solution formulations were tested 
 
 2 fluid ounces of 
 id the IndJ quan*. ■ . rente with water 
 
 B gallons of spray: 
 
 S' Sp<-i :fic gra V I tj 
 
 Velsicol AR-50 0. B 
 
 PD 544-B .990 
 
 Koppers 44-1842 1.010 
 
 Mentor 25 . 951 
 
 Emulsifiable pine tJii .948 
 
 o-Solv A . 795 
 
 Xyl< . 865 
 
 i 
 No emulsifier was added to the emulsifiable pine oil. Triton X-100 
 
 was the emulsifier in all other emulsions except that containing Koppers 
 
 44-1842, where it was unsatisfactory. Tween 85 was used as the 
 
 emulsifier with this Koppers solvent. These quantities were usee 
 
 water to make 6 gallons of spray for the 1 -pound-per-acre, ar.d twice 
 
 these quantities in 6 gallons for the 2-pound-per-acre, appkc ations. 
 
 Fur the solutions 1 pound of DDT was dissolved in enough kerosene 
 
 to make 10 quarts of solution, or in 1 pint of xylene and enough kerosene 
 
 nake 10 quarts of solution. These solutions were applied at the rate 
 
 of 2 1,2 gallons per acre for the 1 -pound-per-acre applications. 1 
 
 solutions were also applied at the rate of 1 . 65 pounds of DDT per ac: 
 
 r these solutions 1.65 pounds of DDT was dissolved in enough krros- 
 
 nake 10 quarts or in 1 quart of xylene and er.ough kerosene to make 
 
 10 quarts. These more concentrated solutions were also applied 
 
 te of 2 1,2 gallons per acre. 
 
 Experimental Design. - - One type of ex; "ntai design was U 
 
 Long Beat h and ai at Atmore. The Long Beach ed of 
 
 24 plots 18 by 137 feet, each plot containing the toll i ids Sw< 
 
 potatoes, peanuts, crowder peas, soybeans, and cotton. The 24 pl< 
 
 Lded into two tiers of 12 plots each. on. DDT in 
 
 the differ* Events at the rate of i pound p< r ■ lie othi 
 
 receiving i)i)T at the rate of 2 pounds | ; id 
 
 > pounds Ln the .solutions. Tin is one check plot In < 
 
 A- plots wn p within Is 
 
 various Crop U ted. A uniform strip I <-ld 
 
 ted the St i ted s 
 
 I LOUS : Ml 
 
 tnulations were spplieoTal the f I pound of Li 1 
 
3- 
 
 constructed auxiliary-tank assembly which could be quickly drained 
 and flushed with only 1 quart of water (fig. 1). After each plot had been 
 treated, the tank and pipe lines were drained and flushed, before the 
 next spray was put into this auxiliary tank. Cotton, crowder peas, 
 sweetpotatoes, and sorghum were the crops tested in these experiments. 
 Peanut and soybean plots located at Goodway, Ala., 17 miles from the 
 prison farm, had the same experimental design and received identical 
 treatments. 
 
 Figure 1. --Auxiliary spray tank mounted on concentrated-spray machine 
 used for applying experimental dosages with regular field equipment. 
 
 The amount of injury caused by the different formulations was 
 determined by observing leaf burn at various intervals after each treat- 
 ment. In order to evaluate the results statistically, the degree of injury 
 was recorded as follows: 0, none; 1, trace; 2, very light; 3, light; 4, 
 medium light; 5, medium; 6, medium heavy; 7, heavy; 8, very heavy; 
 9, severe; 10, very severe. The degree of injury was not correlated 
 with crop yield. However, a spray causing an injury rating as 4 or 
 higher would probably not be permitted by the farmer for use on his crops. 
 
 Long Beach Tests . --The Long Beach plots received four spray 
 applications from August through October 1945. The average degree of 
 foliage injury on the different crops 1 week after each treatment is shown 
 in table 1. 
 
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It is evident from table 1 that the spray containing Amsco-Solv A 
 was the least injurious, followed by sprays containing xylene and 
 Mentor 25. There was little difference between Koppers 44-1842, 
 Velsicol AR-50, and emulsifiable pine oil. PD 544-B was unsatis- 
 factory, as were all the emulsions and solutions containing kerosene. 
 Where emulsions were applied, the 2 -pound dosage of DDT usually 
 caused about twice as much injury as the 1 -pound dosage. However, the 
 solutions did not cause more damage at the higher concentrations. Since 
 twice as much solvent was used for the 2 -pound dosage of emulsions as 
 for the 1 -pound dosage, but the same amount of solvent was used in both 
 dosages of the kerosene solutions, it is apparent that the greater injury 
 with the 2-pound DDT dosage of emulsions was due to the increased 
 amount of solvent rather than of DDT. 
 
 Kerosene was the least satisfactory of all the solvents tested. At 
 the higher dosage, this solvent was unsatisfactory in both emulsions 
 and solutions for all crops except sweetpotatoes, and even sweet- 
 potatoes showed a rating of 4 with the emulsion. The xylene-kerosene 
 emulsion was the least injurious of the kerosene formulations, 1 -pound 
 applications giving injury ratings under 4. The other kerosene sprays 
 at the 1 -pound dosage gave ratings of 4 or higher in three of the five 
 crops tested. 
 
 Sweetpotatoes were the least affected by any of the formulations, 
 and peanuts were second in this respect. The former had an average 
 burn rating of 1.1 and the latter 2.0. The ratings of the other crops 
 fluctuated closely around 3.0. 
 
 To determine the effect of the various sprays on crop production, 
 the soybeans, crowder peas, and sweetpotatoes were harvested, and 
 yield records obtained. The results are summarized in table 2. It is 
 evident that there was no significant difference in yield between treated 
 and check plots when four applications of 1 or 2 pounds of DDT per 
 acre were made on these crops. Furthermore, no correlation existed 
 between the degree of foliage injury and crop yield on any of the 
 individual plots. 
 
 Table 2. --Average yields (pounds per plot) of crops from DDT-solvent 
 test plots. Long Beach, Miss., 1945 
 
 Crop 
 
 1 -pound dosage 
 
 2 -pound dosage 
 
 Treated plots Check plots Treated plots Check plots 
 
 Soybean hay 
 
 32. 
 
 7 
 
 36. 
 
 / 
 
 31/ 
 
 40 
 
 7 
 
 39. 
 
 
 
 sit 
 
 Crowder peas 
 
 8. 
 
 3 
 
 6. 
 
 8. 
 
 4 
 
 6. 
 
 Sweetpotatoes 
 
 30. 
 
 2 
 
 33. 
 
 5 
 
 38. 
 
 2 
 
 36. 
 
 5 
 
 _1/ Considerable injury from other insects. 
 

 In conjui with the u dj made of 
 
 th< ) posits (ai mined immedia application) and 
 
 residues (a. 1 . I appl: e plots treated 
 
 at the rate of 1 pound of DDT per acre to d - ner or not thi 
 
 insect; bowed tisJ adr I irious solve 
 
 tested. wen made on 18 cotton leaves (3 from each of 
 
 its) collected immediately before and after the second, third, 
 and fourth treatments. are summarized in table 3. 'I 
 
 Its from Amsco A spra .ved the greate- eness 
 
 five analyses an ! Wi re second in the sixth. This factor was considered 
 in the final selection of the solven used in sprays against white- 
 
 fringed beetles, but other factors were of greater importance. 
 
 Table 3. --DDT deposits and residues (parts per million) on cotton 
 
 foliage treated with the 1 -pound dosage of DDT in various formulations. 
 Long Beach, Miss. ,1945 
 
 Solvent 
 
 Before 
 treatments 
 
 •.:••• at ments 
 
 Emulsions: 
 
 Amsco-Solv A 
 Emulsifiable pine oil 
 Velsicol AR-50 
 Koppers 44-1842 
 Xylene 
 Mentor 25 
 I'D 544-B 
 Kerosene 
 Xylene -kerosene 
 itions: 
 osene 
 lene kerosene 
 
 618 
 428 
 796 
 666 
 618 
 349 
 269 
 399 
 399 
 
 228 
 
 3,437 
 
 3 
 
 186 
 
 2 
 
 511 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 651 
 
 
 432 
 
 2 
 
 261 
 
 : 
 
 061 
 
 1 
 
 433 
 
 1 
 
 186 
 
 I 
 
 
 Atmore-Goodway Tests. - -The plot! 
 five applications at the rate of 1 pound 
 
 through October 1945. S 'hey v.. ie 
 
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 fo. bown in table 4. 
 
 An Solv A was the n 
 
 v followed t I emulsif Kei is 
 
 Peanuts n 
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 Cotton 9.7 
 
 There was no significant difference in yield between the d and 
 
 k plots, and no loss could thus be attributed to the use of DI) 
 and, or the various solvents. Squash plants, 
 affect k< rosene sprays. Of 39 plants trea hese formul 
 
 ■ ns, the average spread was 19.8 inches, and they averaged 1.6 
 blossoms and 1. 1 fruits per plant, as compared with a spread of 30 
 inches, and 4. 2 blossoms and 3. 6 fruits per plant on 48 plants receiving 
 emulsions containing other solvents. 
 
 Selection of DDT Solvent . --The long Beach and Atmore-Goodw.. 
 test plots were located approximately 150 miles apart in envirorune: 
 with different soil types and climatic conditions. Moreover, 
 experimental designs were used. Nevertheless, there was a po- 
 correlation between the results from the two test areas. In both areas 
 Amsco-Solv A was the most satisfactory solvent, followed I ne at 
 
 Long Beach and xylene or emulsifiable pine oil at Atmore. Mentor 25 
 was third in desirability at Long Beach and fourth at Atmor K .pers 
 44-1842 fourth at Long Beach and fifth at Atmor. Velsicol AR-50 fifth 
 at Long Beach and sixth at Atmore; xylene-kerosene emuls 
 at Long Beachand eighth at Atmore; PD >44-B eigh ong Beach and 
 
 seventh at Atmore; ana kerosene emulsion, xylene -kerosene sol', 
 and kerosene solution in ninth, tenth, and eleventh places, resr 
 rn both areas. The only major discrepancies in U rrela* 
 
 results with emulsifiable pine oil h held sixth place at I Beach 
 
 but tied for second at Atmore. In general, the solvents I 
 
 ling poinl SS dama^: 
 
 In both an as <toes and 
 
 i by ai 
 
 A in til 
 • . r i. Th 
 
 ■ 
 
 In 
 
 higher, t 
 
formulations containing xylene gave satisfactory results. It was there- 
 fore decided to use this solvent in emulsion sprays for applying DDT 
 up to 2 pounds per acre in the 1946 control season and to continue tests 
 with this solvent in emulsion sprays at higher dosages. 
 
 1946 Studies 
 
 Field Tests. --Field tests were conducted at Atmore, Ala., during 
 1946 to determine the effect of DDT and/or xylene in emulsion sprays 
 on foliage and subsequent crop yield, when applied as single applications 
 at the rate of 5 or 10 pounds of DDT (5 or 10 quarts of xylene) per acre. 
 Applications were made with the concentrated-spray machine at the rate 
 of 6 gallons of spray per acre. Plots equivalent to 150 feet of row-crop 
 were treated with swaths 25 feet in width. An extra swath was applied 
 on the windward side of each test area to include drift spray as in 
 actual field control. The crops tested when the plants were small 
 (approximately 2 inches above ground) were butter beans, snap beans, 
 cabbage, sugarcane, corn, cotton, cucumbers, lettuce, English peas, 
 field peas, tomatoes, and turnips. Those tested when the plants were 
 large (4 to 6 inches above ground or maturing) were butter beans, 
 snap beans, corn, cotton, onions, and potatoes. 
 
 Observations were made 6 days after treatment. The large butter 
 beans, snap beans, cotton, and corn, and the small butter beans and 
 cucumbers showed no burning except on a few leaves where the spray 
 had collected in spots. These crops had an injury rating of 2 and the 
 other crops a rating of 0. When observed approximately 2 months after 
 treatment, all crops that had shown slight burning had completely 
 recovered. It may therefore be concluded that applications of DDT on 
 these crops and under the conditions of these experiments may be 
 safely made up to 10 pounds of DDT (10 quarts of xylene) per acre. 
 
 To determine the effect of the 5- or 10-pound dosages on crop 
 production, the snap beans and tomatoes were harvested and yield 
 records taken. The plots treated with 5 pounds of DDT per acre gave 
 slightly higher yields than the untreated checks-- 18. pounds of snap 
 beans and 42. 9 pounds of tomatoes as compared with 17. 6 and 41. 6 
 pounds from the respective checks. At the 10-pound dosage, however, 
 the yield was slightly lower on the treated plots- -18. 6 pounds of snap 
 beans and 49. 9 pounds of tomatoes as compared with 20. 2 and 51.3 on 
 the check plots. At neither dosage, however, were the differences 
 between treated and untreated plots significant. 
 
 Control Operations . --In 1946 DDT-xylene emulsion sprays were 
 applied in the course of regular white-fringed beetle control operations 
 in five States. The dosages ranged from 1 to 10 pounds of DDT per 
 acre, and the sprays were applied to both crop and noncrop farm land. 
 
 LIBRARY 
 STATE PLANT BOARE 
 

 burn by any of the control-area sp. I 
 
 sup- 
 
 1948 Stu :. 
 
 Tin ne used in all fielc ^ and - . operations in 1945, 
 
 1946, and 1947 was a coal-tar deri. re was a shortage of 
 
 U tar xylene in the spring of 1948 while petroleum xylene was rea 
 available. Stu. »Te therefore undertaken to determine whether or 
 
 not the petroleum derivative •• 'je as satisfactory for our purposes 
 
 as the coal-tar xylene previously studi' Two series of tests were 
 
 initiated, one with potted string bean plants and the other with string 
 beans and crowder peas growing in the field. 
 
 Potted-Plant Tests. -- A single application was made to 10 potted 
 plants in each test series at the rate of 1,5, or 10 pounds of DDT (1,5, 
 or 10 quarts of xylene) per acre. The treatments were applied with a 
 knapsack-type sprayer equipped with a compressed air chamber and a 
 pressure regulator valve (fig. 2). This sprayer was previously cali- 
 brated to apply 24 gallons of total spray per acre. Eight coal-tar and 
 two petroleum xylenes were used in this test. 
 
 K i . ilr chamber ai 
 
 pr< 
 
11 
 
 Treatments were applied from 6 to 9 a. m. on a cool day in April. 
 Observations made 24 and 48 hours after treatment showed no damage 
 to the bean cotyledons or true leaves from any of the sprays containing 
 the xylenes tested, at the 1-, 5-, and 10-pound dosages employed. 
 
 Field Tests . --The field tests were made on beans and peas planted 
 especially for this purpose. The first treatment was applied in May 
 on a hot afternoon, with the same knapsack sprayer used in the potted- 
 plant tests. Observations were made in 48 hours, and the results are 
 shown in table 5. 
 
 Table 5. --Foliage -injury, ratings from coal-tar and petroleum xylenes 
 and from Ansco A-80—' in DDT-emulsion sprays at different strengths 
 on the cotyledons of beans and peas. Long Beach, Miss. , 1948 
 /T qt. of xylene with each pound of DDT per acre]/ 
 
 Symbol 
 
 String beans 
 
 1 lb. 
 
 5 lb. 
 
 10 lb. 
 
 Crowder peas 
 
 1 lb. 
 
 5 lb. 
 
 10 lb. 
 
 Coal-tar xylenes 
 
 A 
 
 2/ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 B 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 C 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 D 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 E 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 F 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Petroleum xylenes 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 G 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 Amsco A-80 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 \J A proprietary solvent. 
 
 2/ The xylene of manufacturer A was amber in color. All other 
 coal-tar and petroleum xylenes listed above were water white. 
 

 e 5 th f the 
 
 «-as at the 1 - or 5-pound 
 )')'■■ ht burn on the pea c< is at the 
 
 •■ne of manufactur»T I • the 10-pound 
 
 --vel the coal-tar i '.-re si. produ 
 
 H i pea • emely s> e f 
 
 th< e *. i • I burn on the true leav. r the co.. or 
 
 sage level. Thes- ments were repea 
 
 ''-rent I ind pea plants on April 16, 1948, but appli --re 
 
 n tht early morning of a cool, cloudy day. Obs made 48 
 
 rs later showed no damagt her th> or pea c or 
 
 true folia; of the xylenes tested and at a: :e dosage 
 
 lev< -..ployed. Si: i.ulsion sprays against adui: irhite-fring 
 
 beetles are applied at rates of 1,2 or 1 pound of DDT per acre, xylene 
 m either coal-tar or petroleum would b< for 
 
 se. 
 Amsco A-80, a proprietary solvent caused no damage to the t 
 OS of beans or peas at any of the dosages t- In the 1945 tr 
 
 a, Beach, Miss., and Atmore, Ala., Amsco-Solv A, another propr 
 tary solvent prepared by the same manufacturer, caused the least amoi. 
 of foliage burn on the several crops tested 
 
 EFFECT ON ORNAMENTALS 
 
 Since white-fringed beetle infestations often occur in or adjacent to 
 nur .ige treatments are applied to ornamentals in these art 
 
 Studies were therefore conducted to determine the effort of DDT -xylene 
 
 lis ion sprays on this type of vegetation. 
 
 1945 Studies 
 
 During thr summer of 1945 tests were conducted at Per- 
 
 the ef ' DDT xylene emulsion 
 
 ed ip >f nur- 
 
 ha rd 1<d ml' l 1 -EC ri- p] 
 
 of tl i 'ii white- frlng( 
 
 ira ntral*.- 
 
 I ■ . i .a ,m 
 
 [] •-. Pr.'frs.s,:- S.i - 
 
 P I i inrl'ui sasani}ii.i , K laragr.us , Gar del 
 
- 13 
 
 and Pittosporum (two varieties). The following treatments were applied 
 
 to the various test 
 
 Pi 
 
 ots: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pounds of DDT 
 
 
 Number 
 
 of 
 
 Pound 
 
 s of DDT 
 
 Number of 
 
 per acre 
 
 
 appl: 
 
 Lcations 
 7 
 
 per 
 
 acre 
 
 applications 
 
 1 
 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 2 1/2 
 
 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 The dosage of'coal-tar xylene in each emulsion was equivalent in 
 quarts to the pounds of DDT. 
 
 Applications were made from June to September at intervals of 5 to 
 20 days. After the last application the plants were removed and placed 
 in pots for further observations. There was no evidence of foliage burn 
 and no indication that bud formation or new growth had been affected by 
 any of the treatments. 
 
 1946 Studies 
 
 Special Tests . --In 1946 special tests were conducted in flower 
 gardens and city parkways in Gulfport, Miss., to determine the effect 
 of a single application of DDT emulsion on annual and perennial flowers 
 and shrubs. In these tests, which were conducted in May, the emulsion 
 was applied both as a dilute and as a concentrated spray. The dilute 
 spray consisted of 5 pounds of technical DDT, 5 quarts of coal-tar 
 xylene, 7 1/2 ounces of Triton X-100, and water to make 100 gallons of 
 emulsion. The concentrated spray was the same formulation except that 
 sufficient water was added to make 6 gallons of emulsion. In both cases 
 these were the quantities applied per acre. 
 
 The plants treated with dilute spray were as follows: Nasturtium, 
 Verbena , Zinnia , Shasta daisy, larkspur, Caladium , sweet pea, stock, 
 snapdragon, Ligustrum , Camellia, Azalea , Pittosporum , Nandina, 
 Spiraea, Hibiscus , Petunia, Calendula , pansy, babysbreath, and St. 
 Augustine grass. Observations made at various intervals up to 1 month 
 after treatment indicated no visible injury to the plant foliage or flowers 
 resulting from the spray applications. In addition, pansy plants re- 
 ceived a dosage of 10 pounds of DDT (10 quarts of xylene) per acre with 
 no visible injury. 
 
 The plants treated with concentrated spray were Petunia , stock, 
 larkspur, rose, Calendula , Ligustrum , and Abelia. There was no injury 
 from any of these treatments. 
 

 g dep- on 
 
 r nur: ad be« •• emulsion d 
 
 ••-fringed b« 
 on injur •• made during the control .nd ov< 
 
 all inspections were conducted th< 
 
 At New J nursery area.-- 4 24 a 
 
 <th dil entrat< A large number of azaleas and 
 
 camellias were given one 5-pound and five 1 -pound applications of 
 dilute (100 gallons per acre) and concentrated (6 gallons per acre) spra 
 Among 60 azalea varieties treated 1 entrated sp: of 
 
 king, ' mtha Fink, Due Derohan, Indica alba, Kinnozai, and 
 
 several Kurume. The camellia varieties sprayed I ^ncentrated 
 
 jlsion were as follows: 
 
 Missima 
 Rose Emory 
 John Lang 
 
 poleon D'ltalie 
 Montironi Rosea 
 
 Atoma 
 
 Colletti 
 
 Pu: 
 
 Stardust 
 
 Appleblossom 
 
 and some very tender 1 -year-old grafts of Virgin's Blush and Mc 
 Moore Davis. The following camellia liners received applications of 
 dilute emulsion spray: 
 
 Adolph Audusson 
 
 Akebono 
 
 Alba Plena Imbro. 
 
 Althaeiflora 
 
 Amazing 
 
 Auguste Delfosse 
 
 Beni-Korako 
 
 Blood of China 
 
 : Elegans 
 •erful 
 
 v ^ ;shiki 
 tesse Nieuport 
 Conspicua 
 
 ira 
 nte (Sara 
 H 
 
 lie 
 
 Dr.(< '. Iwig) I h. 
 
 M I 
 
 Enrico Bettoni 
 Etiene de Bore 
 Festiva 
 
 Florence Stratton 
 Florenplena 
 
 Paeoniflora 
 Fred Sandler 
 Gigantea Alba 
 Gloire de Nantes 
 i H. A.) Downing 
 Haku-cho 
 Haku-rakuten 
 
 (Sept. Morn) 
 H<-rmes 
 Involutus 
 Jar\ ll K 
 
 (Ret ) John I 
 
 J u . n 
 
 :ri 
 
 Kishiu - tsukasa 
 Kijosu 
 
 Ko i 
 
 Latifolia 
 
 Laurelh 
 
 Le 
 
 Leucantha 
 
 Linda Ba- 
 
 Lurie's Favorite 
 
 M 
 
 'hotiana Rubra 
 (Pur; | 
 
 Baa tie) 
 I M 
 
 J Tho: 
 :us 
 N ■ 
 
 all 
 
- 15 
 
 Pink Perfection 
 Pink Star 
 
 Princessa Bacciochi 
 Prof. (C.SJ Sargent 
 Purity 
 Quartette 
 
 Red Gold 
 
 Reine des Fleurs 
 
 Rogetsu 
 
 Roi Leopold 
 
 Rosularis 
 
 Sarah Frost 
 
 Spectabilis 
 Tenninkwan 
 Tricolor 
 Tricolor Special 
 Wakenoura Rex 
 White Ball 
 White Perfection 
 
 In addition to these plants, the following ornamentals were sprayed 
 with one 5-pound and five 1 -pound applications of the concentrated 
 emulsion: 
 
 Bridalwreath 
 
 Chinese holly 
 
 Mahonia japonica 
 
 Ligustrum 
 
 Hydrangea 
 
 Magnolia grandiflora 
 
 Prince Rupert Jasmine 
 
 Flowering quince 
 
 Cedar 
 
 Arborvitae 
 
 Juniper 
 
 Citrus 
 
 Bamboo 
 
 Malpighia 
 
 Buffordii holly 
 
 Xylosma 
 
 Hackberry 
 
 Spiderlily 
 
 Amaryllis 
 
 Wistaria 
 
 Rose 
 
 Boxwood 
 
 Palms ( several genera) 
 
 Ferns ( several genera) 
 
 Iris 
 
 Chinese border grass 
 
 Nandina 
 
 Pyracantha 
 
 Fig 
 
 Pear 
 
 Yaupon 
 
 Podocarpus 
 
 Zephyranthes 
 
 Pittosporum 
 
 Oleander 
 
 Pine 
 
 Narcissus 
 
 Myrtle tree 
 
 None of these plants showed any ill effects from the sprays. 
 Special observations were made on Nandina plants, since this ornamental 
 is particularly sensitive. Approximately 25 of these plants were sprayed 
 and no foliage burn or other injury was noted. 
 
 At Covington, La., 60 acres of azalea and camellia plants and a 
 large number of Pittosporum plants were sprayed without any injury. 
 The spray schedule was the same as the New Iberia. 
 
 At Ocean Springs, Miss., hundreds of camellia ( japonica and 
 sasanqua ) and azalea plants, and also Japanese holly, Japanese magnolia, 
 juniper, Mimosa , sweet olive, dogwood, Pyracantha , Pittosporum, 
 Japanese quince, Elaeagnus , and boxwood over an area of 5 acres were 
 sprayed once at the 5-pound rate. No injury was observed. 
 
 At Mobile, Ala. , numerous varieties of camellias were intensively 
 inspected at a nursery covering 2 acres, which had received one applica- 
 tion of emulsion at the 10 -pound dosage. No injury to the foliage could 
 be attributed to the treatment even though some plants received the full 
 blast of the spray. 
 
 These observations substantiate those made in the spring tests at 
 Gulfport- -namely, that there was no injury to ornamentals attributable 
 to any of the DDT treatments. 
 
- 16 
 
 ' \RY 
 
 i nun 
 
 3 1262 09239 5788 
 
 emulsion and solution sprays cor 
 '•rent SOlv< ted on U. ,-ld 
 
 Bea b lli , and Atmore. ,r ap; ns at 
 
 to 2 pounds of e made to d- 
 
 ... factory solvent foi ■ white ' ontr< 
 
 ivents used, An Solv A was tl close 
 
 foll °* »eraJ, rosene formulas, bo" 
 
 •ions, caused excessive foliage burn. .iage of s, 
 
 potatoes and peanuts !east affected. 
 
 dosages employed j the yield of snap beans or tomatoes, but 
 
 there were indications that formulations containing kerosene would 
 adversely affect tl. Id of squash. 
 
 ts were also conducted in 1945 to deter: feet of DDT- 
 
 xylene emulsion on the foliage of nursery plants. From one to se . 
 
 plications were made during the summer iritl :0 pounds of DDT 
 
 (1 to 10 quarts oi xylene) per acre-application, or a total of 7 to 30 
 pounds of DDT (7 to 30 quarts of xylene) per acre-season. There was no 
 
 dence of foliage burn or indication that bud formation or new gro* 
 had been affected. 
 
 In 1946, because of its availability and comparative low cos ne 
 
 was the only solvent used in DDT-emulsion formulations for addition 
 ts and for field control against adult white-fringed beetles ulsion 
 
 ays were applied at rates up to 10 pounds of DDT (10 quarts of xylene) 
 per acre-season to the foliage of field crops and ornamentals, and the 
 results were entirely satisfactory. 
 
 In 1948. tests conducted on potted bean plants and field-grown beans 
 and peas showed that either coal-tar or petroleun. xylene :s satisf;. 
 for use in white-fringed beetle control. 
 
 LITERATURE CITED 
 
 (1) Youn^ H. C. 
 
 1944. DDT against the white-fringed beetle and tht an 
 
 taterpiJlar. (Sci. note) Jour. Econ. Er ■ 
 
 (2) 
 
 1945. Insectary and field-cage tests )DT ftfl 
 
 fr adults conducted at Floral.. . during 
 
 ■I. I S. H\.'.- .in: g