U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY JOHN R. MOHLER, Chief of Bureau Instructions Concerning Work Under Regulations Governing Interstate Movement of Livestock L UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON 1928 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY JOHN R. MOHLrER, Chief op Bureau Instructions Concerning Work Under Regulations Governing Interstate Movement of Livestock UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON 1928 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY JOHN R. AIOHLER, Chief of Bureau Instructions Concerning Work Under Regulations Governing Interstate Movement of Livestock CONTENTS Page To prevent the spread of splenetic, southern, or Texas fever in cattle 1 Common scabies of cattlp and sheep 4 Sarcoptic scabies of cattle 13 Lip -and leg ulceration of sheep 14 Public-stockyards activities Tuberculosis of cattle 17 Cleaning and disinfecting cars, yards, and premises — 24 Directions for use of forms 25 TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF SPLENETIC, SOUTHERN, OR TEXAS FEVER IN CATTLE 1. Movement of tick-infested animals prohibited. — The interstate movement for any purpose of cattle, horses, mules, or asses infested with fever ticks or exposed to tick infestation is prohibited. 2. Treatment of cattle for interstate movement. — Cattle of the quarantined area or other cattle exposed to or infested with ticks may be moved interstate only when inspected, dipped, and certified in accordance with the provisions of the regulations to prevent the spread of Texas fever. 3. Tick-infested cattle in free area. — Cattle in the free area infested with or exposed to ticks are subject (1) to the provisions of the regulations governing the movement of cattle of the quarantined area. 4. Restrictions on horses and mules. — The inter- state movement of horses, mules, and asses infested with or exposed to ticks is prohibited unless- treated in accordance with the requirements governing the move- ment of cattle of the quarantined area. 5. Unloading cattle in transit. — When certified cat- tle or cattle of the free area are unloaded within the quarantined area for rest, feed, and water they shall be handled in noninfectious pens especially con- structed as required by department regulations and authorized by the bureau. 6. Inspection facilities. — Cattle shall be chute in- sj>ected, or other proper restraining facilities and assistance furnished, in order that a careful manual examination of each animal may be made. 7. Split shipments. — If a lot of cattle of the same origin, which has received similar treatment and is shipped at the same time, is divided into two or more separate consignments, a brief notation shall he made on the certificate covering each consignment indicating that the cattle are part of a lot divided into other consignments. In the event that one consignment in a "split shipment" is found to be tick infested, the other parts of such shipment shall be treated as infested. 8. Dip for interstate movement. — The ai*senical solution is the only dip recognized by the bureau in the treatment of cattle for ticks. Department regulations require that the arsenical dip used in treating cattle for interstate movement shall give a minimum test of 0.22 per cent of arsenious oxide. Bureau employees have no authority in any way to alter this require- ment. 9. Arsenical dips. — Homemade dip. the preparation of which is fully described in Farmers' Bulletin 1057, or a proprietary dip which has been permitted by the bureau, may be used in official dipping. Notice of the permitted proprietary dips is g.ven by bureau circular letters and by publication in Service and Regulatory Announcements. 10. Mixing the bath. — The concentrated dip should be poured in gradually and distributed equally throughout the length of the vat. Before any cattle are dipped the bath must be stirred thoroughly, care- fully tested, and brought to required streugth. Fresh solution should be added from time to time to replace that carried cut by the cattle and to keep the bath up to proper strength. 11. Testing arsenical baths. — Dipping baths pre- pared from permitted dips may be tested with the bureau testing outfit in the following manner : (a) Fill a clean graduate with bath, setting the top edge of the surface of the bath on the upper gradua- tion (zero), pour (draining out drops) into a clean, wide-mouth bottle, add one wh te indicator tablet, and gently swirl or shake until the tablet is nearly all dissolved. (&) Rinse the graduate with clean water or with a little test fluid, shake out adhering drops, and fill to upper graduation (zero) with test fluid, setting the bottom of the curved surface on the mark. (c) While gently swirling the bottle, slowly pour test fluid in from the graduate until the blue or violet color remains permanent for a half-minute throughout the entire contents of the bottle after thorough mixing. Avoid excess of test fluid, adding only a few drops at a time toward the end. The number of cubic centimeters (reading at the bottom of the curved surface) of test fluid added to just produce the color gives the number of hun- dredths of 1 per cent of arsenious oxide in the bath. 12. Disposal of waste arsenical baths. — No bath carried over the winter may be used for dipping the following season. \Vhenever the arsenical solution becomes filthy the vat should be cleaned out and re- filled with a fresh solution. Waste bath must not be emptied where animals may come into contact with it. The approved practice is to empty it into a well- guarded pit so situated that seepage can not reach wells, springs, etc. Splashings from the vat or drain- ings from the pens must not accumulate in puddles. 13. Precautions in handling arsenical dips. — The poisonous properties of arsenic must be kept constantly in mind. White arsenic, concentrated solutions, and proprietary dips must be stored in tight containers inaccessible to animals or children. Any concentrated solution or proprietary dip which gets on the skin must be immediately and thoroughly washed off. Clothing splashed with strong solutions must be re- moved at once and the skin wet by it must be washed. The clothing must not be worn again until thoroughly cleansed. These measures must be followed even If no discomfort is noticed. Garments wet even with the dilute dipping bath should be changed as promptly as possible. Care must be taken to avoid spilling the concentrated dip about the premises, but if spilled the spot must be cleansed with water, or if spilled on the ground, must be covered with fresh earth. It is the duty of all bureau employees not only to observe scrupulously all precautions themselves but to impress the precautions upon all persons associated with them in their work. Especial vigilance is needed at the beginning of the season, when many of the workers are inexperienced and the cattle are most susceptible to injury. 14. Handling and dipping cattle. — (a) Owners or persons in charge should be cautioned to handle the cattle carefully and treat them humanely at the dip- ping vats. It is dangerous to dip cattle when they are hot or in an exhausted condition. Following dip- ping, cattle should be protected from exposure to rain or hot sun and should not be loaded until dry. (&) When cattle are presented for second or final dipping for interstate movement the inspector should have available positive information of the date of the last dipping, and in no case shall cattle be re- dipped within an interval of seven days. (c) If previous record of dipping or the condition of the cattle to be dipped would indicate danger from treatment at the expiration of seven days, final dip- ping should be postponed, as conditions demand, up to the 12 days' limitation prescribed by the regulations. COMMON SCABIES OF CATTLE AND SHEEP DAYLIGHT INSPECTION REQUIRED 15. Inspection of animals should not be made before sunrise or after sunset, and in no case should inspec- tions be made by artificial light. CLASSIFICATION OF CATTLE 16. Cattle visibly affected with scabies shall be classed as infected. • 17. Cattle that have come into contact with infected animals or that have been closely confined in infected cars or premises are exposed to scabies. DIRECTIONS FOR DIPPING CATTLE 18. Number of dippings required. — Cattle visibly affected with scabies must be given two dippings, with an interval of from 10 to 14 days between dippings. One dipping should be sufficient for cattle not visibly affected. 19. Immersion. — When either the lime-and-sulphur or nicotine dip is used, the cattle should be completely submerged once, and the dip in the vat should be maintained at a depth sufficient to swim the tallest animal to be dipped. 20. Affected cattle. — Affected animals should receive special attention in the application of the treatment to the upper portions of the body, where the lesions usually appear. This should be done by applying the dip to the neck, withers, and back from a bucket and thoroughly scrubbing those parts while the ani- mals are in the chute prior to entering the vat. 21. Time in vat, changing fluid, etc. — Infected cat- tle should be held, in the dip from two to three min- utes, and their heads submerged at least once for but an instant at a time, and assistance must be rendered immediately if they appear to be strangling. The best time to duck the head is while the animal is in the last third of the swim. Exposed cattle should remain in the dip a minimum period of one minute. The dip must be maintained at a temperature between 95° and 105° F. while the animals are in it. It should be changed as soon as it becomes filthy, regardless of the number of cattle dipped in it, and in no case should it be used again after it is 15 days old. In cleaning the vat, the entire contents, including all sediment and droppings, or other foreign matter, must be removed. 22. Handling cattle in vat. — Men with dipping forks should be stationed along the vat to keep the animals completely submerged, except the heads, as they swim through. This may be done by placing the fork over the withers and pushing the animal under. The cattle should be prevented by a holding gate from swim- ming through too soon, or if there is no gate the dipping forks may be used to retard their progress. DIRECTIONS FOR DIPPING SHEEP 23. Number of dippings required. — Infected sheep should be dipped twice with an interval of from 10 to 14 days between dippings. Exposed sheep should be dipped once. 24. Depth of dip in vat. — The average depth of dip used for sheep is from 40 to 48 inches, and the quan- tity necessary to obtain that depth should bo ascertained before the dip is prepared. 25. Time in vat, changing fluid, etc. — Sheep classed as infected must be kept in the dip between two and three minutes, and those classed as exposed or free should remain in the dip at least one minute, and the heads of all sheep dipped must be submerged a1 least once, though but for an instant at a time, and assistance rendered immediately if they appear to be strangling. The best time to duck the head is while they are in the last fourth of the vat. The dip must be maintained at a temperature between 95° and 105° F. while the sheep are in it, and must be changed as soon as it becomes filthy, regardless of the number of sheep dipped, and in no case shall it be used again when more than 10 days old. In emptying the vat the entire contents, including all sediment and droppings or other foreign matter, must be removed. 26. Use of dipping forks. — Men with dipping forks should be stationed along the vat to prevent the sheep from swimming through too soon, and to push each sheep under the dip, except the head, as it passes. If they are swimming through the vat too quickly, the men should hold them back with dipping forks. They should be held in bunches of from three to five, each man holding a bunch the necessary length of time, then passing them to the next man, pushing them well under the dip, except the heads, as they swim past. Place the dipping fork over the front part of the shoulders, and gently but firmly push the sheep under the dip, except the head. If dipping is properly done, the sheep will raise its head so that the neck can be well soaked without danger of strangling by pushing the head under. 27. Sorting and hand dressing. — All sheep that have hard, dry scab on them should be sorted from the flock and the diseased areas hand dressed with some of the dip by rubbing the scab with a smooth stick or a brush as the dip is applied so as to moisten and soften the scab, but not severely enough to draw blood, as the blood will protect the mites from the effect of the dip. Afterwards allow these sheep to stand from 30 to 60 minutes before putting them into the vat 28. Drowning sheep. — When sheep begin to drown or if they become strangled in the dipping vat, it is often necessary to pull them out immediately to save them. Such sheep, provided they have not remained in the vat the required length of time, should be re- turned to the pens and again dipped when they have sufficiently recovered. 29. Separate ewes and lambs. — As the dip pene- trates the fleece of a lamb sooner than that of an adult sheep in full fleece, the lambs should be cut out and dipped separately. GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR DIPPING 30. Watering and feeding animals. — The animals should be watered and fed not more than six hours before dipping, so that they will not be thirsty or hungry when subjected to this treatment. 31. Prevent the drinking of dips. — The floors of the dipping pens should be sloped or so arranged that the dip will drain away and not collect in pools from which the animals may drink. 32. " Softening " water. — Soft water is better than hard water for dipping, but if it can not be obtained the hard water may be " softened " by sal soda or lye, but no more should be added than is required to " cut " the water. From 1 to 4 pounds of sal soda to each 100 gallons of water usually is sufficient. 33. Computing quantity of dip required. — In 1 gal- lon there are 231 cubic inches ; multiply in inches the average length by the average breadth, the product by the depth, divide by 231, and the result will be the number of gallons. To obtain the average length of the vat add the length at the bottom to the length at the top of the dip and divide by two ; obtain the aver- age width in the same manner. The depth should be taken at the center of the vat, and should be from the bottom to water (or dip) line. Be sure to measure only the space filled by the dip and not above that line. The cooking tank also should be measured. It is con- venient to have marked rods which show the number of gallons at various points. Freshly shorn sheep and short-wooled lambs carry out and retain in the fleece from 1 to 2 quarts of dip ; full-fleeced, fine-wool sheep take up as much as 2 gal- lons and when dipped late in the fall the average medium-wool sheep retains about 1 gallon. The aver- age 1,000-pound, short-haired steer will carry out and 4612°— 28 2 retain about 2 quarts of dip and the same class of eattle with long hair will retain about 1 gallon. The total estimated quantity of dip which the animals carry out and retain plus what is required to charge the vat should equal the total required if none is lost by leakage. 34. Preparation of dips. — The lime-and-sulphur dip for cattle scabies is made in the proportion of 12 pounds of unslaked lump lime or 16 pounds of com- mercial hydrated lime (not air-slaked) and 24 pounds of flowers of sulphur to 100 gallons of water. Directions for the preparation of 100 gallons of dip : Weigh out the lime and sulphur. Place the lime in a shallow, water-tight box similar to a mortar box or some other suitable container, and add water enough to form a lime paste or lime putty. Sift into the lime paste the flowers of sulphur and stir well; then place the lime-and-sulphur paste in a kettle, boiler, or tank containing 30 gallons of boiling water. Boil the mixture for 2 hours at least, stirring fre- quently; add water occasionally to maintain the original quantity. Allow the mixture to settle in the tank or draw the entire contents of the kettle or boiling tank into a large tub, barrel, or settling tank placed near the dipping vat and provided with a bunghole about 4 inches from the bottom, and then allow ample time to settle until the liquid is clear. When fully settled draw off the clear liquid ihto the dipping vat, taking care not to allow any sediment to accompany it, as the sediment will injure the wool. The clear liquid thus obtained requires only the addition of clear, warm water enough to make a solution containing 2 per cent sulphide sulphur. By bringing the total up to 100 gallons the dip will usually, under average conditions, test 2 per cent sul- phide sulphur. Care should be taken, however, not to make too great a dilution prior to testing. 35. The lime-and-sulphur dip for sheep scabies is prepared in the same manner as for cat le scabies ex- cept that 8 pounds of lump lime or 11 pounds of com- mercial hydrated lime (not air-slaked) should be used, and the solution should be diluted to test 1.5 per cent sulphide sulphur. 36. The nicotine dip for scabies of cattle or sheep is made with a sufficient quantity of nicotine solu- tion to give a mixture containing not less than five one-hundredths of 1 per cent (0.05) nicotine. Suffi- cient nicotine, therefore, would be furnished for 96 9 gallons (about 800 pounds) of dip by 1 pound of a 40 per cent solution of nicotine. The formula for this dip would be: Nicoine, four-tenths of a pound; water, 96 gallons. To calculate how much nicotine solution should be used for 96 gallons of water, divide the quantity of nicotine required in the dip by the proportion of nico- tine in the solution. For example, if the nicotine, solution contained 25 per cent nico ine, we have 0.40^-0.25=1.6. Theiefore, in this case it would re- quire 1.6 pounds of nicotine solution for the 96 gallons of dip. Do not use any preparation the strength of which is not given on the label of the container. In preparing these dips the nicotine solution should be mixed with water before adding it to the water in the dipping vat, and the contents of the vat should be stirred while the mixture is being added. On no ac- count should the dip be heated above 105° F. after the nicotine solution is added, as heat is liable to evaporate the nicotine and weaken the dip. 37. Mixing the dip. — Mix the dip thoroughly in the dipping vat by stirring lengthwise in the vat and from top to bottom. A large hoe or stirring plunger is a good instrument to use in stirring. 38 Testing lime-sulphur dips. — To test the lime- sulphur dip mix the bath well, let it settle for a few minutes, then fill a clean, dry graduate with bath solution, setting top edge of surface on the zero mark, and pour (draining out drops) into a clean, wide- mcuth bottle. Rinse the graduate with clean water (or rinse with a little of the test fluid), shake out adhering drops, and fill to zero mark with test fluid. While gently swirling bottle containing the bath pour in test fluid from the graduate until the yellow color of the bath becomes faint. Then let the contents of the bottle come to rest and gently drop on the sur- face one drop of indicator solution from the dropping bottle. Note whether a violet color appears where the indicator solution mixed with the bath. If color appears, add a little more test fluid from the graduate, mix, and test again with a drop of indicator solution. Continue until a drop of indicator solution fails to produce any color, avoiding the addition of excess test fluid. The number of cubic centimeters of test fluid added to reach just the point where color with indicator solu- 10 tion fails to appear represents tenths of 1 per cent of sulphide of sulphur in the bath. Note. — The indicator solution should not be more than 1 week old. Prepare fresh solution by dissolving one " tablet for indicator solution " in 15 c. c. clean water in the bottle. Keep test fluid in glass-stoppered bottles only and in a cool, dark place. 39. Testing nicotine dip. — To test the nicotine dip, measure 100 c. c. of well-mixed bath into the titration bottle (8-ounce round bottle), rinse graduate, and then measure 100 c. c. of water into the same bottle. Add the contents of one paper of precipitate reagent to the liquid in the titration bottle, stopper, and shake vigorously for two minutes, then let settle quietly for two minutes more. Open out a large, plaited filter in the glass funnel and support the bitter in the mouth of the 100 c. c. graduate. Carefully pour the contents of the titration bottle on to the filter, leaving behind most of the froth and precipitate. Collect 100 c. c. of the filtrate. Rinse the titration bottle clean with water and pour into it the 100 c. c. of filtrate. Next add 10 c. c. (from the 10 c. c. cylinder) of the hydrochloric acid, stopper, and shake well for a few seconds. Take the stopper out and touch it to a strip of test paper. If the moistened paper does not show a deep-blue color, add 2 c. c. more of hydrochloric acid or until a blue color is produced. Fill the burette with the red test fluid, run back a little through the stopcock into the bottle of test fluid (to remove air trapped in the stopcock), then adjust the level of test fluid in the burette at the 0.000 mark. Now into the liquid in the titration bottle run out test fluid from the burette down to a mark indicating one or two hundredths per cent less than the hundredths of 1 per cent of nicotine expected to be in the bath. Stopper the bottle and shake vigorously for two minutes. Open a small filter paper into a cone, grasp it by the triple-thick side between the thumb and forefinger, and fill it about one-third full with liquid from the titra- tion bottle. Let the first five <»r six drops fall back into the titration bottle, then catch both cups of the black plate (which must be strictly clean and dry) level full of the filtered liquid, which must be per- fectly clear. Pour back into the bottle any liquid left in the paper. Now into the liquid in ore of the cups let fall from the dropper one drop of indicator 11 solution. Carefully observe the liquid in both cups, holding the plate in various lights. If no difference can be detected in the two cups after about half a minute, too much test fluid has been used and it is necessary to repeat the whole operation from the be- ginning, using less test fluid. If a white cloud ap- pears in the cup to which the indicator solution was added, an additional quantity of test fluid, equiva- lent to 0.005 or 0.010 per cent nicotine (depending on the heaviness of the cloud), is to be added to the titration bottle, and the shaking and testing repeated. Proceed thus until, after the last addition of test fluid, absolutely no cloud can be detected in the cup upon treating the indicator solution. The reading on the burette gives directly the per cent of nicotine in the bath. Note. — If the measuring cylinders, etc., are wet, do not use them until adhering drops of water are shaken out. All the measurements are to be made with the top line of the curved surface (meniscus) of the liquid on the mark. The indicator solution is simply a little of the test fluid kept apart for convenience. Caution. — Great care to avoid contamination is nec- essary in making the test on the black plate. The fin- gers must be rinsed clean from bath, test fluid, etc., before touching the filter paper. Do not allow the latter to touch the mouth of the bottle or anything else except the clean finger tips. Be sure that the black plate is absolutely clean. Look very carefully for the white cloud which toward the end is only faint and may not be noticed at first. 40. Frequent tests required. — Employees supervis- ing the dipping of sheep and cattle should rest the dip when the vat is charged or before dippiug is com- menced and thereafter at sufficiently frequent inter- vals to ke p the dip at the uniform, standard strength. The contents of the vat should be well stirred before the test is made. It is sometimes necessary to allow a few animals to pass through the vat before the dip is well mixed. Where the operations are continuous throughout (he day and large numbers of animals are dipped, the dip should be tested at least thiee times a day. 41. Temperature of dip. — After the dip is thor- oughly mixed, take the temperature at different parts , 12 of the vat; see that it is uniform, and if too hot or too cold add cold or hot water, with the proper pro- portion of dip, until the temperature of the dip is between 95° arid 105° F. ; the latter temperature should never be exceeded. To ascertain the temperature hold a thermometer in a bucketful of dip from the vat and take reading. 42. Injuries in chutes and vats. — Do not have any projecting boards, nails, etc., in the pens or chutes, or any crosspieces or projecting timbers in the vat where the animals may strike them and be wounded or bruised. 43. Points to remember. — Remember that it is jus as important to do thorough work with the last ani- mals dipped as with the first ones. The two essential things are a reliable dip of proper strength properly prepared and the thorough soaking of the entire fleece or all the hair with the dip. Select good weather for dipping, particularly avoid- ing wet weather. Do not dip too late in the afternoon when the night is chilly. Do not hold animals " off feed and water " longer than can be avoided. Do not have the incline of the vat so steep that animals can not climb out easily. Have suitable dripping pens and drying corrals, and do not load animals in car until they have become dry. Handle animals as carefully as possible, and the causes of shrinkage in dipping will be avoided to a great extent. Animals that are in good condition will stand the dippings very well, even when the weather is rather cold. CLASSIFICATION OF DIPPED ANIMALS 44. Infected animals dipped twice in accordance with the regulations will be regarded as "free" un- less live mites are found on them or unless they are exposed afcer five days subsequent to the last dipping, by being closely confined in infectious pens, cars, or other inclosures. DIVERTING SHIPMENTS OF CLEAN CATTLE OR SHEEP 45. If a shipper wishes to divert part of a shipment of clean cattle or sheep to a point other than that 13 mentioned on either the billing or the bureau certifi- cate of inspection covering the same, it may be done without reinspection if the stock are not unloaded, provided the bureau employee or the railway agent at the point of diversion shall note over his own signa- ture on the billing accompanying the animals so diverted, the number and date of the bureau cer- tificate, and the name of the inspector by whom it was issued. A further notation should be made on the original certificate indicating the numbers and initials of the cars, and the number of head of stock so di- verted as well as their destination. The notations required above to be made on the new billing will stand in lieu of the original certificate, which should accompany the remainder of the shipment to the des- tination originally mentioned. (See par. 114.) SARCOPTIC SCABIES OF CATTLE 46. Classification. — Cattle affected with sarcoptic scabies should be classed as infected. 47. Dip for sarcoptic scab. — Lime-sulphur, nicotine, or crude petroleum may be used for treating cattle affected with sarcoptic scab. 48. Number of treatments. — When lime-sulphur or nicotine is used, four treatments or dippings is the minimum number that should be depended on to ef- fect a cure. One dipping or treatment with crude petroleum usually is sufficient. A second treatment should be given in about one week if the condition of the lesions indicates that the first treatment has not effected a cure. 49. Interval between treatments. — The interval be- tween treatments should be six or seven days. 50. Sorting and hand dressing. — All animals that have visible lesions of scab should be scrubbed with a brush and soaked with dipping solution just before the first dipping. 51. Crude-petroleum dip. — Crude-petroleum dip is effective in eradicating sarcoptic scab, but precautions should be taken to prevent it from injuring the ani- nals. Freshly oiled cattle should not be moved rapidly, exposed to bright sunshine, or allowed to become chilled. A cool, shady place should be provided near the place of treatment where the animals may be quiet and protected for at least three days after the oil is applied. 14 52. Dipping in oil. — Crude petroleum may be used cold. Fill the vat to within 1 foot of the dip line and add oil until the dip is flush with the dip line. The oil should be replenished from time to time so that there may be sufficient floating oil to coat the bodies of the animals as they pass through the bath. 53. Spraying. — Where no vats are available the dips for sarcontic scab may be applied in the form of a spray. In spraying infected cattle care should be taken to give the entire surface of the animal a thorough soaking. 54. Hand treatment. — The crude oil may be applied by hand, using a brush or mop to spread it over the entire surface of the animal. LIP-AND-LEG ULCERATION OF SHEEP 55. Sheep should be considered as affected with the active or virulent form of lip-and-leg ulceration when more than one tissue is involved, as the lips and feet, or where the ulcerations are extensive and accom- panied with considerable pus formation. (See regula- tion 1, sec. 2.) PUBLIC STOCKYARDS ACTIVITIES 56. Inspections of incoming shipments. — All sheep, cattle, and hogs received at stations each day should be inspected for sheep scabies, cattle scabies, hog cholera, respectively, and other contagious, infectious, or communicable diseases. Special care should be taken to detect any symptoms of foot-and-mouth dis- ease. So far as it is possible the inspection should be made at the time of unloading. 57. Inspection of southern cattle. — When shipments from the quarantined area are received, the employee checking waybills should make certain that there are certificates showing the cattle to be tick free. All such shipments, and others originating in territory adjacent to the quarantined area, should be listed, in order that the cattle may be inspected especially for ticks. 58. Patrol inspection. — A patrol inspection should be made each day prior to the movement of animals to the scales. This daily patrol inspection should include all " holdovers." 59. Outgoing shipments. — Whenever practicable an inspection of outgoing shipments should be made. 15 60. State requirements. — Commission men, ship- pers, and all other persons interested should be fully informed concerning the requirements of the State to which animals are destined. When a State requires thai sheep or cattle be dipped, bureau employees, upon request, should supervise the work. 61. Sheep pens to be kept clean. — Those portions of public stockyards used for the reception of unin- fected shipments of sheep should be cleaned and dis- infected each time after the introduction of infected sheep ; in any event they should be cleaned and dis- infected at least once each year. The entire section set aside for free sheep should be cleaned and disin- fected as rapidly as possible after the work is started. The time selected for the work should be the season when the receipts are lightest. IMMUNIZATION OF SWINE 62. Classification. — Hogs immunized under super- vision are divided into two general classes, (A) those which may be disinfected immediately and shipped within from 3 to 24 hours thereafter, and (B) those which must be held under quarantine for 30 days. 63. Inspection. — All swine offered for immunization should be inspected and any animals showing symp- toms of communicable diseases, except cholera, or that are unsuitable for stocker and feeder purposes, should be rejected. G4. Class A hogs. — Swine shall not be accepted for immunization in class A if more than five days have elapsed since introduction into a public stockyard ; if the animals show symptoms of any communicable disease, including cholera ; or if as many as 15 per cent of the herd show temperatures of 104° F. or more. If a considerable percentage of the animals of a lot show temperatures above 104°, treatment under supervision should be withheld on the entire lot. When supervision is withheld on account of high tem- peratures, however, the owner or agent shall have the privilege, subject to the 5-day rule, of again presenting the lot for temperaturing. 65. Class B hogs. — All swine offered for immuniza- tion under class B may be accepted for treatment ex- cept those showing symptoms of communicable dis- eases other than cholera and those unsuitable for stocker and feeder purposes. 4612°— 28 3 16 66. Temperaturing. — All animals of a lot should be teinperatured before any are treated. Time enough should be allowed in every case for the thermometer to register the actual temperature of the animal. At the time of temperaturing the animals should be so marked that those having high temperatures as well as those having normal temperatures may be readily identified. 67. Supervision. — All activities connected with the immunization of hogs should be supervised by veteri- nary inspectors. Lay inspectors may be detailed to assist the veterinary inspectors. If temperaturing and treatment of different lots are in progress at the same time, each activity should re- ceive the attention of one or more employees. 68. Treatment. — Treatment must be administered under the personal supervision of a veterinary in- spector of the Bureau of Animal Industry. The field of injection should be disinfected by the application of tincture of iodine or other suitable disinfectant. A record should be kept of the license and serial numbers of all serum and virus used. 69. Disinfection. — Disinfection of swine may be per- formed by either dipping or spraying, the latter be- ing preferable when proper facilities are available. The temperature of the dip or spraying solution while being used should range between 65° and 85° F. The dip should be changed as soon as it becomes filthy, re- gardless of the number of animals which have been in it, and in no case should it be used again after it is 30 days old. 70. Facilities and equipment. — Suitable facilities for handling the animals humanely and expeditiously should be provided by the stockyards company or other responsible party. Facilities should include tempera- turing pens, chutes, " catch pens," and vaccinating trough of good material and proper construction. There should be abundant light in the vaccinating divi- sion and temperaturing pens. A dipping vat or ap- proved spraying facilities should be provided for the disinfection of animals after they are treated. The part of the yards set aside for immunizing swine should be paved and have floors that can be kept in a sanitary condition. This section of the yards should be divided into two parts in such manner that the injected animals may be moved directly from the treating pens or chute through the dipping vat or approved spraying equipment into the holding pens. 17 The holding pens should be cleaned and disinfected once each day when used. Where the winter climate is severe, means should be provided to protect hogs from the cold after disinfec- tion until they are dry. Inclosed pens used for that purpose should be heated if the climate requires. If heat is furnished, however, care should be taken to avoid too high a temperature. Only a degree of heat sufficient to keep the animals from becoming chilled should be permitted. Suitable equipment necessary to the application of proper sanitary measures, including serum and virus containers, tables, instruments, trays, etc., should be provided. 71. Movement. — The disinfected swine should be loaded within 24 hours after disinfection is completed, but they should not be loaded until at least three hours after disinfection, and in no case until they are dry. The work should be so arranged that the animals will be shipped on the day they are dipped. Swine may be held in the yards after immunization and several lots treated at different times may be assembled, if desired, provided their identity as im- munized hogs is strictly maintained and disinfection before shipment is in accordance with provisions of paragraph 69. 72. Shipments unloaded in transit. — Interstate ship- ments of swine, accompanied by a certificate show- ing them to have been immunized by a competent vet- erinarian, may be unloaded for feed, water, and rest in a public stockyard provided they are billed to a point beyond. Before such shipments are reloaded the animals shall be disinfected under bureau super- vision in the manner described in bureau regulations, provided their identity has been maintained. After being disinfected they shall be loaded into clean and disinfected cars or other vehicles. TUBERCULOSIS OF CATTLE TUBERCULIN TEST FOR CATTLE SHIPPED INTERSTATE 73. Cattle moved interstate are subject to the tuber- culin test as set forth in bureau regulations. The test shall be applied only by a veterinarian who is a graduate of a duly recognized veterinary college and is acceptable to the bureau ; his competence and relia- bility must be certified to by the authorities charged 18 with the control of diseases of domestic animals in the State of origin, or by a bureau veterinary inspec- tor at a public stockyard or other regular bureau station. TUBERCULIN TESTING 74. Three tests are used — the intradermic, the sub- cutaneous, and the ophthalmic. 75. The intradermic test. — The intradermic test is officially recognized by the bureau and is extensively used. 76. Directions for applying the intradermic test. — The animals should be restrained and the site of in- jection should be the caudal fold or the vulva, which should be first cleaned with alcohol or other cleans- ing agent. Disinfectants are not recommended, as they may cause irritation that may be misleading when observations are made. The needle should be inserted between the layers of the skin, care being taken to inject neither too deeply nor too superficially. The dose of tuberculin recommended should not ex- ceed 2 minims of specially prepared intradermic tuber- culin, and should be regulated by the gauge on the syringe. The first observation should be made on or about the seventy-second hour after the injection. If tuber- culosis is diagnosed in the herd, a second observation should be made on or about the one hundred and twentieth hour after the injection, and, if it appears necessary, an observation should be made again on or about the one hundred and forty-fourth hour. Animals which show, at the point of injection, swellings that may be either hard and circumscribed or soft and infiltrated with no distinct line of demar- cation should be classified as reactors to the intra- dermic tuberculin test. Such swellings may be of various sizes, from those hardly perceptible to the naked eye to those as large as a human fist or larger. In herds showing infection very small infiltrations or enlargements, other than the shotlike nodules sometimes found at the point of injection, should be classed as reactions. Records of complete tests should be made on pre- scribed forms, and the observations should be re- ported in accordance with the following code which was adopted by the United States Livestock Sani- tary Association, and approved by the Bureau of Animal Industry on December 6, 1920. 19 THE INTRADERMIC-TEST CODE Animals showing no reaction should be recorded at each observation as "N" (negative). Reactors should be recorded as follows : For circumscribed swellings, "pea" size (diameter three-sixteenths of an inch) shall be used as the basic- standard. Larger swellings shall be reported as P2, P3, P4, P5, etc., the Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5 referring to twice, thrice, four times, and five times the size of a pea. For diffused swellings " thick 2X " shall be used as the basic standard and signifies a diffuse swelling in which the injected caudal fold is twice as thick as the normal fold. Larger swellings shall be recorded as " thick 3X," " thick 4X," etc. 77. The subcutaneous test. — The subcutaneous test is an official test, and may be used on cattle certified for interstate shipment. It is not a suitable test to apply generally when the animals have high tem- peratures and it may not be practicable in cases of cattle which can not be controlled easily. 78. Directions for the application of the sub- cutaneous test. — So far as practicable the cattle should be stabled under normal conditions. The cattle should be fed and watered in the cus- tomary manner, except that it should be done im- mediately after the taking of temperatures. Occa- sionally it is advisable to limit the quantity of con- centrated feed or hay given animals under test. This is especially true if large quantities of feed are : allowed. A careful, physical examination of each animal should be made before or during the application of the test. During the period immediately before the injection of tuberculin each animal's temperature should be taken at least three times at not less than 2-hour intervals. Care should be taken to let the thermom- eter remain inserted long enough to insure accurate registration. Animals showing evidence of any acute disease or condition or showing pus formation or pronounced abnormal preliminary temperatures should not be injected with tuberculin. The hypodermic syringes and needles should be dis- infected before treating any herd with tuberculin. Before being used for the injection of each animal 20 needles should be washed in a disinfectant solution. A 5 per cent solution of carbolic acicl is suitable for sterilizing the instruments. Open bottles of tuberculin should be protected from contamination. Thermom- eters should be sterilized before the temperatures are taken and should be dipped in a disinfectant solution before and after each reading. For cattle which are apparently healthy and have not been injected with tuberculin within a period of at least 60 days the dose of tuberculin prepared by the Bureau of Animal Industry is as follows : Two cubic centimeters (0.25 gram O. T.) for calves up to 1 year of age. Four cubic centimeters (0.5 gram O. T.) for cattle more than 1 year old and up to maturity. Older animals, repeatedly tested animals, or those clinically suspicious may receive a larger dose. The dosage administered should be based mainly on the ages of the animals and on their history rather than on their weight. The taking of temperatures following the injection of tuberculin should commence not later than the eighth hour and be continued every two hours until the eighteenth hour after injection when, if there is no tendency for the temperature to rise, the test may cease. Temperatures of cattle which show a rising tendency following the injection of tuberculin should be taken more frequently and over a longer period of time in order to insure an accurate diagnosis. Ex- perience has shown that animals, especially those of doubtful record, receiving large doses of tuberculin, may respond early to the test, and veterinarians are advised to obtain temperatures wherever practicable at from the fourth to the sixth hour on this class of cattle. Suspected cattle should be submitted to a retest after 60 days. This class of cattle and those which show possible physical evidence of tuberculosis, emaciation, old age, or which have been tested re- peatedly, should receive double the dose of tuberculin indicated above, and should also be check tested by the ophthalmic method. A rise of 2° F. or more above the maximum tem- perature observed prior to the injection of tuberculin or a temperature above 103.8° should be regarded as an indication of tuberculosis provided the tempera- ture reaction shows the characteristic " rainbow " 21 curve. An elevation of temperature higher than 103.8° should be also regarded as an indication of tuber- culosis even though the so-called rainbow curve is replaced by what is termed " the plateau." Animals which after injection show a rise in tem- perature of 2° F. with a maximum of between 103° and 103.8°, us well as those which show a rise of less than 2° with a maximum temperature of 103.8°, are regarded as suspicious. The presence of a general systemic reaction or a typical curve should be con- sidered in determining the classification between sus- pects and reactors. 79. The ophthalmic test. — The ophthalmic test alone is not accepted by the bureau for testing cattle for interstate shipment. It has, however, been valuable as a check test in combination with the intradermic and subcutaneous tests. DIRECTIONS FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE OPHTHALMIC TEST 80. The test produces the best results when a sensi- tizing disk is used prior to the installation of the diagnostic disks. The disk should be inserted into the left eye under the upper lid at the extreme lateral angle. The hand should be held over the eyelid for about half a minute in order that the disk may not be displaced by the winking eye. Take observations following the placing of the sensi- tizing disk, if possible, commencing at about the second hour and repeating them every two hours for not less than eight hours. These observations are desirable, though not essential. If the test is made in conjunction with the intra- dermic method, the diagnostic disks are placed, prefer- ably, on or about the seventy-second hour following the sensitizing disk. If it is made with the subcutaneous test, it is permissible to place the diagnostic disk at about the fourteenth hour after the sensitizing disk or at the time of the second post-injection temperature. Observations, following the placing of the diagnostic disks, should be taken at the second hour and not to exceed 2-hour intervals up to the eighth hour or longer. More frequent observations of badly infected herds may be taken ; some animals are very slow in responding to the test. Reactions are indicated usually by lachrymation and redness of the conjunctiva, possibly swelling, and 22 a free discharge of mucopurulent pus. This typical discharge should not be confused with an occasional mucous discharge sometimes seen at the inner canthus as a result of the introduction of any foreign material. Occasionally a tuberculin disk may cause this slight, faint, mucous discharge of whitish appearance, espe- cially if the tuberculin disks have not been properly placed. The observations made following the use of ophthal- mic tuberculin should be reported on prescribed forms and in accordance with the following symbols : A. Animals negative to the test should be reported " N " (negative). B. The animal whose tested eye exhibits dark, albuminous exudate equivalent in volume to 8 minims or more should be reported by the use of the symbol " PX." If the exudate exhibits granular casts or flakes of a yellowish tint, the report should read " PXX." When the exudate tends to smear over the ball and pupil of the eye, note the fact with the symbol " PXXX." The following table indicates the proper method of reporting ophthalmic observations. Animal No. 2 p. m. 4 p. m. 6 p. m. 8 p. m. Remarks 1 N MV PX PXXX Reacted. 2 N N N N Negative. Animals indicating less than 8 minims of a typical discharge should be classed as suspicious, and the amount of discharge shown by the letter " M " fol- lowed by the roman numeral. If the amount of discharge is, for example, 4 minims, indicate by " MIV." In classing animals as suspects extreme care should be used to take into consideration the characteristic appearance of the discharge and not to class merely as suspicious those animals which give only a limited amount of very typical discharge. Such animals should be classed as reactors. IDENTIFICATION OF ANIMALS 81. Grade animals which have passed a tuberculin test should be identified by approved metal tags. Purebred animals which have passed the test suc- cessfully need not be tagged except on the request of the owner. This class of animals is identified by the registration names and numbers. All animals react- ing to the tuberculin test must be marked for identifi- 23 cation by attaching to the left ear a metal tag bearing a serial number and the inscription " U. S. B. A. I. Reacted," or a suitable tag supplied by the State in which the cooperative work is performed ; they should likewise be marked by branding the letter T not less than 2 nor more than 3 inches high on the left jaw. LIMIT ON REACTORS IN LOTS 82. When 25 per cent of a lot of cattle react to the tuberculin test the remainder of the lot shall not be moved interstate without proper retest. INTERSTATE MOVEMENT OF TUBERCULOUS ANIMALS 83. The complete regulations governing the inter- state movement of known tuberculous 'animals are contained in printed orders of the bureau. When cattle react to the tuberculin test the veterinarian who made the test must furnish the owner with detailed information as to the conditions under which he may ship them interstate. Cattle which react to the tuber- culin test shall not be moved interstate unless accom- panied by a T. E. Form 27 certificate. REPORTS 84. W T hen cattle are tested by a veterinarian other than a bureau inspector the original and one copy of the tuberculin-test chart and health certificate shall be sent to the livestock sanitary officer of the State from which the cattle are to be shipped or moved, and on approval by him the original copy shall be for- warded to the bureau ; one copy of the test chart and health certificate shall be sent to the proper live- stock sanitary official of the State of destination in ample time to reach him before the arrival of the cattle at destination, and one copy of the test chart and health certificate shall accompany the cattle to destination. (Each State will be expected to pro- vide the approved veterinarians with blank forms of tuberculin-test charts and health certificates along the lines of those used by the bureau, but present forms may be used until exhausted.) DISINFECTION 85. Following the removal of reactors from a herd of cattle, a careful cleaning and disinfecting of the 24 stables and premises should be made. Special atten- tion should be given to the water trough. It is very important that a liberal supply of fresh air and sun- light be provided for stables. For an auimal weigh- ing 800 pounds or more, 1,000 cubic feet of air space and 4 square feet of glass should be provided. For further information on the disinfection of premises see Farmers' Bulletin 954. TUBERCULIN 86. Tuberculin is a product prepared by sterilizing filtering, and concentrating the liquid in which the tubercle bacilli have been allowed to vegetate. It contains the cooked products of the growth of the bacilli, but not the bacilli themselves. Since its dis- covery, in 1*890, the test has been recognized as a remarkably accurate method of detecting tuber- culosis even in the early stages, when the disease has made but little progress. Additional information on the tuberculin testing of livestock is contained in United States Department of Agriculture Circular No. 249, Tuberculin Testing of Livestock. CLEANING AND DISINFECTING CARS, YARDS, AND PREMISES 87. Equipment for cleaning. — In providing equip- ment for the cleaning and disinfection of cars arrange- ments should be made so that the cars may be washed with water prior to the application of the disinfectant, after which they should be treated with a permitted disinfectant. 88. Disposal of litter and manure. — The litter and manure removed from cars, boats, other vehicles, pens, chutes, alleys, or other premises which have contained southern cattle, shall be destroyed or disinfected under bureau supervision. 89. Placard cars and notify carriers. — As soon as it is ascertained that any car is infected, an F. I. Form 57 card should be securely attached to each side of the car if it does not already bear a placar i indicating that the car must be cleaned and disin- fected under bureau supervision. Notices given over the telephone must be confirmed in writing. 90. Cars removed without cleaning and disinfec- tion. — If infected cars are removed without cleaning and disinfection, the matter should be immediately 1 25 taken up with the carrier responsible and vigorous measures takon to have them located and returned for such treatment. If the efforts of the railroad offi- cials to accomplish this are lax or indifferent, that fact should be reported to the bureau. Railroad yards at bureau stations should be searched frequently for infected cars in order that any of that kind on hand may be disinfected, and if any have been removed measures must be taken promptly to have them lo- cated and returned. 91. Responsibility. — The common carrier delivering shipments to the unloading chutes or platforms should be held responsible as a rule for the cleaning and dis- infection of cars. When this is not done, other speci- fic arrangements must be made in accordance with the regulations so that both the inspector and the carrier will always know where the responsibility rests. 92. Hog-cholera cars. — Cars which have contained swine affected with cholera must be cleaned and dis- infected if the disease is detected in the live animals the same day they are unloaded. For the purpose of this provision the day shall be considered as begin- ning at 3 p. m. and ending 24 hours later. Cars should not be held for cleaning and disinfection on account of cholera which is detected on post-mortem inspection under the meat-inspection regulations. 93. Supervision of disinfection. — Employees de- tailed to supervise the disinfection of cars, yards, and premises should see that only permitted disinfectants are used in official disinfection and that the containers of saponified cresol solution are properly labeled to show the trade name. The product must be diluted and prepared for use only under the supervision of a bureau employee. DIRECTIONS FOR USE OF FORMS Note. — Only regularly appointed employees of the bureau are permitted to use its forms. They should therefore not be .delivered to State employees or others for rendering reports. INSPECTION AND DIPPING FOR TICKS 94. F. I. Form 48 is used for certifying interstate shipments of cattle on inspection or dipping under the provisions of the regulations governing the interstate shipment of cattle of the quarantined area. Certifi- cates issued at points in the field shall not be delivered 26 to the transportation company until the inspector has seen the cattle covered by same loaded without ex- posure into clean cars. 9 >. t\ I. Form 48-A is used for reporting dipping and F. I. Form 48-B in reporting inspections of cattle for interstate movement. One copy of these reports should be sent to the bureau and a copy promptly forwarded to the bureau or State official at destination. 96. Tick Form 48-K is an application for inspection and dipping for ticks and waiver for loss or damage therefrom. This form must be properly executed by the owner or his authorized agent before bureau in- spection and supervision for dipping is furnished. 97. Records to be kept. — The record of each inter- state shipment as covered by the copy of F. I. Form 48, the report F. I. Form 4S-A or 48-B, and the Tick Form 48-K shall be carefully filed in the field office and held as a permanent record. 98. Report tick-infested shipments. — When a ship- ment, whether in transit or at destination, is found to be tick-infested, the inspector at the point where the infestation is found should immediately report it to the bureau, sending a copy of his report to the inspector in charge of the district in which the ship- ment originated. This report may be made by letter or on F. I. Form 48-B, using the back of the form for such additional information as is pertinent. A speci- men of the t'cks found shall be forwarded to the bureau for identification. INSPECTION AND DIPPING FOR SCABIES j 99. F. I. forms to use. — The F. I. Form 24 series should be used in reporting all inspections and dip- pings of sheep. The F. I. Form 48 series should be used for like purpose in reporting cat ie. F. I. Forms 24-A and 48-A are to be used for reporting dippings and 24-B and 48-B for reporting inspections of sheep and cattle, respectively. 100. Reinspections. — No distinction should be made between " Inspections " and " Reinspections." They should all be reported as " Inspections," but reference should be made to former inspections when possible. 101. Separate reports for each lot. — Each lot of cattle or sheep dipped for scabies should be promp ly and carefully reported on the proper forms — F. I. 48-A for cattle and F. I. 24-A for sheep — by the em- ployee supervising the same. Separate slips should 27 be used for each condition (infected, exposed, or free). If the animals dipped are infected and have been previously inspected by a bureau employee dur- ing the calendar year then current, the report of dip- ping should lefer briefly ,o the report of previous in- spection ; thus " Smith, 6/28/18." The report of a second dipping should always refer to the date of the first dipping. When one employee makes the inspection and another supervises the dipping the former should report the " Inspections " and the lat- ter the " Dippings." 102. Notice of shipment under certificate. — Notice of shipments of cattle or sheep under buioau certifi- cate, in placarded cars, should be promptly forwarded on F. I. Form 48-B for cattle and F. I. Form 24-B for sheep to the proper bureau representative at un- loading points in transit and at destination in order that the notice may arrive prior to receipt of the ani- mals. Such report should give full information as required by the forms, including date of dipping in the ca.^e of " dipped scabby " animals. Such notices should be filed in the office of the inspector to whom they are addressed. 103. Infected animals dipped once. — When infected animals are shipped after one dipping under the super- vision of an employee of the bureau, they must be handled as " Infected " and so reported by employees at unloading stations in transit and at destination. The cleaning and disinfection of cars and yards, how- ever, are not required on account of having contained dipped scabby sheep or cattle unless live mites are found on the animals after dipping. 104. Separate reports for each certificate. — When one owner has separate lots of animals inspected or dipped and a certificate (F. I. Form 24 or 48) is issued for each lot a separate report should be made of the animals covered by each certificate. 105. Employees working together. — When two or more employees work together in the inspection or dipping of the same animals, but one set of reports should be made, and should be signed by each em- ployee. 106. Care in making reports. — All reports (F. I. Forms 24-A, 24-B, 48- A, and 48-B) must be executed with caie, and special attention should be given to the following entries: 28 (a) Location of animals. — The town or station an State where the inspection is made or the dipping supervised must be given. If not at or near a station, then the county, State, and locality must be desig- nated. If animals are infected, the owner's name and correct address must always be given, and also the origin of the animals, or the place where they became infected; this information, if possible, should include the county a swell as the town and State. {b) Date of report. — The date of the report should be the same as the date on which the inspection is made or dipping supervised, and, if the inspection and dipping of one lot of animals should require more than one day, all the dates should be given. (c) Number and condition of animals. — The num- ber of animals inspected or dipped should be entered on the line corresponding to the condition (infected, exposed, or free) of the animals at the time the in- spection is made or dipping supervised. (d) Kind of dip used. — When reporting a dipping the kind of dip must be stated under either of the following classes : Nicotine, abbreviated thus, N ; lime and sulphur, abbreviated thus, L. & S. Trade names of dips must not appear on reports. (e) Number of dippings. — Each report of dipping should be made to show which dipping it covers by crossing out the words " first dipping " or " second dip- ping," or by crossing out both " first " and " second " and inserting " third " when necessary. if) When animals change owners. — Whenever a band or herd of infected animals changes owners be- tween inspection and last dipping, mention of the former own* r should always be made on later reports. 107. Unloading and diverting in transit. — More than one certificate covering the same animals must not be outstanding at the same time. When a certi- fied shipment is unloaded in transit and is divided and reconsigned to different points, or when for any cause the point of destination is changed after a shipment has gone forward, new certificates should be issued only after a cnreful reinspection of the animals. In all such cases the employee who issues new certificates should take up the old ones and attach them to the report covering his own inspection of the animals. (See paragraph 45.) 108. Certificates and duplicates. — When a certificate Is issued a duplicate should be properly filled out and signed at the same time, and when all the certificates 29 In a book have been issued the book of duplicates should be forwarded to the inspector or officer in charge, who will retain them in his office. Sheep should be certified on F. I. Form 24 and cattle on F. I. Form 48, and when shipment is made the certificate must be attached to the billing accompanying the ship- ment. 109. Detection of disease in transit. — When a ship- ment of cattle or sheep, whether in transit or at desti- nation, is found to be affected with 9cabies, the inspector at the point where the disease is detected should immediately forward notices of the condition of the animals to the proper State official and to the inspector in charge of the district in which the ship- ment originated. These notices should be prepared on F. I. Form 24-B for sheep and F. I. Form 48-B for cattle and mailed as early as possible, in order to facilitate the prompt disinfection of the yards* and pens through which the animals were handled. In such cases the report (F. I. Form 24-B or 48-B) sent to the Washington office should bear a notation indi- cating that notices were given as directed above. Care should be taken by those having the matter in charge to see that the instructions are always com- plied with. 110. Yards and pens. — The cleaning and disinfection of yard3 and pens should be reported promptly on a separate F. I. Form 24-B. Pens in which cattle or sheep affected with scabies are yarded should be cleaned and disinfected but the alleys and passageways leading to the pens need not be considered infectious and disinfection need not be required unless the animals are closely crowded and held therein for a considerable period. The cleaning and disinfection of small loading yards infected by scabby cattle or sheep should be supervised by State officials, but if this supervision is not available, railroad supervision may be accepted. When, however, infected cattle and sheep have been handled through stockyards which are regularly used in the feeding, watering, and resting of interstate shipments of livestock, the infected premises should be disinfected under bureau supervision. TO INSPECTORS IN CHARGE OF STATIONS 111. Infected animals received at stations. — One report should be made on F. I. Form 24-B to cover each shipment of infected sheep ; also a separate 48-B 30 report should be made to cover the number of visibly affected cattle in each consignment received. When the infected animals have been previously inspected by a bureau employee during the calendar year then current, the fact should be noted on the report, giving the name of the employee and the number of the cer- tificate issued by him, thus, "-Smith 58 L J79," or if no certificate was issued, thus, "Smith 6/15/27." F. I. Forms 24-B and 48-B reports covering infected ani- mals at public stockyards should be forwarded to the Washington office. 112. Infected cattle received at stockyards. — All cattle visibly affected with scabies received at market centers or inspected en route should be reported on the face of 48-B as infected, and a notation made on the back of the form showing the total number of cattle in the shipment. 113. Tracing origin of infected animals. — When scabby animals are received the fact should be re- ported to the inspector in charge at point of origin. On receipt of such report the inspector in charge should make energetic efforts to ascertain the first point of origin in order that measures may be taken to eradicate the disease from the original herd. 114. Exposed and free animals received at sta- tions. — A record should be kept to cover the receipt each day of the whole number of exposed cattle, free cattle, exposed sheep, and free sheep. The data con- tained in this record should be used in the prepara- tion of F. I. Form 24-C and F. I. Form 48-C reports. 115. Monthly reports. — In preparing the monthly F. I. Forms 24-C and 48-C reports, care should be taken to enter correctly the daily inspections and dippings, and all totals should be verified. In report- ing the number of certificates, the number issued dur- ing the month and also the serial numbers so issued should be given. The notation " Stockyards " should appear on all 24-C or 48-C reports covering work in public stockyards. The notation " Eradication " should appear on those covering work at points other than public stockyards. INSPECTION AND IMMUNIZATION OF SWINE 116. F. I. Form 12 certificates should be issued cover- ing each lot or shipment of hogs immunized under supervision. The certificates should not be issued for movement of immunized swine to any State, however, 31 unless arrangements have been made for segregation and quarantine as provided in the regulations. 117. F. I. Form 12-A should be used to report each lot or shipment of swine, including shipments of im- munized hogs unloaded in transit for feed, water, and rest. These reports should show all the information called for by the headings on the form, except " Serial numbers." The manner of movement should be shown by a notation, such as " Driven " or " Hauled," as the case may be. Reports covering shipments unloaded in transit should contain all available information. Copies of Form 12-A should be mailed to State of- ficials and the bureau inspector in charge of hog- cholera control in State of destination. When Class B swine are immunized a copy of F. I. Form 12-A should be sent to the Washington office. 118. F. I. Form 12-C report should be rendered monthly and mailed to the Washington office as soon as possible after the close of the month. The total number disinfected should include shipments unloaded in transit as well as those disinfected after immuniza- tion at the station. Under " Remarks " enter the num- ber of hogs disinfected on account of being unloaded in transit. 119. Station record. — A complete record should be kept at each station showing serial numbers of serum and virus as well as all data necessary in filling in the F. I. Form 12 series. VIOLATIONS OF THE 28-HOUR LAW 120. All billing of interstate shipments of livestock should be checked on arrival of the animals. All ap- paient violations of the 28-hour law, except as noted in paragraphs 131 and 132 hereinafter, should be re- ported on the F. I. Form 59 series. Great care should be exercised to avoid errors in all reports and other papers. 121. All reports and papers concerning each case reported should be prepared in quadruplicate. They should be marked, respectively, " Original," " Dupli- cate," " Triplicate," and " Copy," and assembled ac- cordingly. Each set should be complete. The set marked " Copy " should be filed in the local office and the other three sets forwarded to Washington. Cases should be reported promptly and no letter of transmLtal is necessary. Cases should be numbered in the order in which they are forwarded, and all 32 forms and other papers should bear their respective numbers. 122. All questions on F. I. Form 59-B should be answered in full, giving a complete history of the case so far as it is obtainable at the station. 123. Exact copies of the revenue waybills, feed waybills, and running slip, if any, covering the cars reported should be made on F. I. Forms 59-C and 59-D. 124. No reports of apparent violations in a train should be forwarded until the entire train has been checked, as reports of all alleged violations occurring therein should be forwarded at the same time. A notation to the effect that all violations in the train are included should be made under " Remarks " on page 5 of Form 59-B. If at a later date additional cases in any train are disclosed, reports of same should refer to the case numbers previously reported from that train. 125. On account of the difference in watches, no report of any kind should be made of any apparent violation of 10 minutes or less. 126. Where trunk-line carriers deliver cars at un- loading docks, violations of more than 10 minutes, but not exceeding 25 minutes, should be reported by let- ter, briefly setting for'h the facts and making a rec* ommendation in the premises; provided that for the purpose of this instruction the carrier's responsi- bility shall continue until unloading commences un- less the animals have reached their destination and are unloaded by oner agencies, in which case it shall cease when the cars are set at the unloading docks. TUBERCULOSIS ERADICATION 127. T. E. Form 15 (formerly F. I. Form 49).-— This is a certificate covering the interstate movement of tuberculin-tested cattle which are regarded as appa- rently free from tuberculosis or other infectious or contagious diseases. Four copies of the form are made — one is submitted to the chief of the bureau; the duplicate copy accompanies the shipment ; the triplicate copy is forwarded to the inspector in charge in the State of destination ; and the fourth is for- warded to th^ State official in the State of destination. If reactors are found, F. I. Form 49-B should accom- pany the copy of T. E. Form 15 mailed direct to the 33 chief of the bureau. F. I. Form 49-C is a monthly summary covering the issuance of T. E. Form 15, and should be submitted to the Washington office at the expiration of each month's work. When the cattle are tested by a veterinarian other than a bureau inspector, the original and triplicate copies of the tuberculin-test chart and health certifi- cate shall be sent to the livestock sanitary officer of the State from which the animals are to be shipped or moved and upon approval by him the original copy shall be forwarded to the bureau. The duplicate copy of the tuberculin-test chart and health certificate shall accompany the cattle to destination and the quadrupli- cate copy thereof shall be sent to the State veterina- rian, or other proper official of the State of destination, in ample time to reach him before the arrival of the cattle at destination. (Each State will be expected to provide its veterinarians with blank forms of tuber- culin-test charts and health certificates.) 128. T. E. Form 27 is a certificate permitting the return interstate, to the farm of origin, of animals which have reacted to the tuberculin test, and is issued in accordance with the act of Congress ap- proved October 1, 1918, and the regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture effective October 15, 1918. Before any certificate is issued covering the return movement of any diseased animal, the facts in each individual case should be presented to the proper official in the State of destination and his consent obtained for the return of the animal in question. This certificate is also used to cover the inter- state movement of tuberculous cattle for immediate slaughter. CLEANING AND DISINFECTING CARS 129. F. I. Form 62 should be rendered to the Washington office each day that one or more infected cars carrying diseased animals are received. When- ever possible the initials and numbers should be recorded directly from the cars. Whenever infected animals are transferred en route this form also should show the initials and numbers of the cars from which they were transferred and the point and date of transfer. The initials and number of the original and transfer car should be arranged 34 in such a manner that it will be known from and to which car the animals were transferred. 380. F. I. Form 62 A should be rendered to the Washington office each day that one or more cars are disinfected, or infected cars are billed to another point for disinfection, or are removed without disin- fection or arrangement therefor. In the event of such removal, the F. 1. Form 62-A should show the date and hour of notice served, date and hour of removal, and whether the car was carded with F. I. Form 57. The initials of the employee supervising the cleaning and disinfection should appear in the lower left-hand corner of F. I. Form 62-A, and if this form is prepared by another employee his initials should be shown in the uper left-hand corner. 131. F. I. Form 62 D should be rendered on the first and sixteenth of each month, giving a list of all infected cars reported on F. I. Form Form 62 and not reported on F. 1. Form 62-A as cleaned and disin- fected, provided that no car should be included unless it was received 15 days or inore prior to date of ren- dering 62 D. All cars reported as delinquent must be carried on the delinquent list and so reported each 15 days until they are reported as cleaned and disin- fected by the station at which they are delinquent, or notice to remove is received from the Washington office. A separate report should be rendered for each railroad company responsible for cars that are de- linquent. All those railroads having no delinquent cars should be listed on one report followed by the notation " No delinquent cars." When a car from which diseased animals are trans- ferred is removed without having been cleaned and disinfected under bureau supervision, it should be car- ried on the F. 1. Form 62-D until it is cleaned and disinfected under the supervision of the station report- ing the transfer or notice is received from the bureau to remove it. 132. Corrected reports. — If it is discovered that an error has been made in rendering car reports, a cor- rected report should be forwarded at once. The cor- rected report should include only the car or cars involved in the correction, with a notation showing the initials and number or numbers previously re- ported. Reports rendered in answer to a bureau letter should bear the notation " Bureau letter dated ." 35 133. F. I. Form 57-A cards should be attached only when disinfection was personally supervised by bu- reau employees. On completion of the disinfection one card, filled in on both sides with weatherproof pencil, should be attached to each side of the car. 134. Abbreviations used. — In rendering reports, ab- breviate as follows : Sheep scabies SS. Cattle scabies CS. Hog cholera HC. Tuberculosis TB. Texas fever TF. Foot-and-mouth disease F&M. (All other infections should be named in full.) Cleaned and disinfected C&D. Cleaned, washed, and disinfected CW&D. Sealed and billed S^B. Inspector notified IN. Railroad request KR. State requirement SR. Canadian Government CG. Immunized swine IS. Restricted import products RIP. 135. Numbers to be recorded from cars. — The em- ployees supervising the work of cleaning and disin- fecting cars should make a record of the initials and numbers of the cars cleaned and disinfected from the cars directly and not fr«m the railroad records, and the lists should be checked by again comparing with the initials and numbers on the cars. On account of the similarity of car initial and numbers of the vari- ous railroads, reports must show car initials in full instead of abbreviations, reporting marks, and nick- names. 136. Cause of disinfection and date to be shown. — In the column preceding *' Disposal," on the F. I. Form 62-A, both the date received and the cause of disinfection should be show T n. When the cars are sealed and billed, the destination should also be shown. 137. Railroad request. — When a railroad requests disinfection of a car under supervision, the bureau em- ployee should ascertain the reason therefor, and note same on the report by the proper abbreviation. 138. Class of car to be shown. — When a car re- ported is not a stock car, the class to which it belongs, 36 as " box," " gondola," etc., must be clearly indicated on the report. 139. Whenever possible, cars rhould be arranged on the F. I. Forms 62 and 62-A in alphabetical order. 140 Separate F. I. Forms 62-A and 62-D should be rendered covering cars which are used in the trans- portation of restricted import products. o «*!« «P* UMW* UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 3 1262 08858 530