'I1¥^ RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BOARD HISTORY AND MINCT UNIV. OF FL Life \ k \% < U.S. DEPOSfiTOm' THE NATIONAL MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT I, D. c. 1 JEINE 1948 cai^sf^rv RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BOARD ijv\?0 MEMBERS OF THE BOARD Dr. VANNEVAR BUSH, Chairman. President, Carnegie Institution of Washington. General JACOB L. DEVERS, Chief, Army Field Forces. Major General A. C. McAULIFFE, Deputy Director for Research and Develop- ment, General Staff, U. S. Army, Logistics Division. Vice Admiral EARLE WATKINS MILLS, Chief of Bureau of Ships. Vice Admiral JOHN DALE PRICE, Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air). General JOSEPH T. McNARNEY, Commanding General, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Major General L. C. CRAIGIE, Director of Research and Development, Office, Deputy Chief of Staff for Materiel, USAF. SECRETARIAT Dr. L. R. HAFSTAD, Executive Secretary. Mr. F. H. RICHARDSON, Deputy Executive Secretary. Rear Admiral JOHN HAZARD CARSON, Navy Secretary. Brigadier General J. F. PHILLIPS, Air Force Secretary. Brigadier General R. W. CRICHLOW, Jr., Army Secretary. 786021" — 48 111 CHAIRMEN AND EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS OF COMMITTEES Committee on Aeronautics Mr. HARTLEY ROWE, Vice President and Chief Engineer, United Fruit Co., Chairman. Mr. J. B. JACOB, Executive Director. Committee on Guided Missiles Dr. FREDERICK L. HOVDE, President, Purdue University. Mr. KARL KELLERMAN. Committee on Basic Physical Sciences Dr. W. V. HOUSTON, President, Rice Institute. Dr. MARTIN GRABAU. Committee on Human Resources Dr. DONALD G. MARQUIS, Chairman, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan. Dr. LYLE H. LANIER. Committee on Electronics Dr. J. A. STRATTON, Director, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Mr. NORMAN L. WINTER. Committee on Medical Science Dr. FRANCIS G. BLAKE, Sterling Pro- fessor of Medicine, Yale University. Dr. JOSEPH F. SADUSK, Jr. Committee on Geographical Exploration Dr. JOHN K. WRIGHT, Director, Amen- can Geographical Society. Dr. SIDNEY PAIGE. Committee on Navigation (Appointments not yet made.) Committee on Geophysical Sciences Dr. ROLAND F. BEERS, President, Geo- technical Corp. Dr. C. S. PIGGOT. Committee on Ordnance Mr. F. C. CRAWFORD, President, Thomp- son Products, Inc. Mr. R. B. WRIGHT. Special Committee on Technical Information (Appointments not yet made.) IV RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BOARD HISTORY AND FUNCTIONS The Research and Development Board, authorized by section 214 of the National Security Act of 1947, was formally set up within the National MiHtary Establishment upon the appointment of Dr. Vannevar Bush as Chairman on 30 September 1947. The new Board held its first meeting 19 December 1947, at which time the credentials of all members were accepted by the Board. Under the provisions of the National Security Act the Board is directed: "(i) to prepare a complete and integrated program of research and develop- ment for military purposes; (2) to advise with regard to trends in scientific research relating to national security and the measures necessary to assure continued and increasing progress; (3) to recommend measures of coordination of research and development among the military departments, and allocation among them of responsibilities for specific programs of joint interest; (4) to formulate policy for the National Military Establishment in connection with research and development matters involving agencies outside the National Military Establishment; (5) to consider the interaction of research and development and strategy, and to advise the Joint Chiefs of Staff in coimection therewith; and (6) to perform such other duties as the Secretary of Defense may direct." The directive^ outlining the terms of reference vmder which the RDB will operate was approved by the Secretary of Defense on 18 December 1947. The RDB was preceded by an earlier agency, the Joint Research and Develop- ment Board which had been organized directly imder the Secretaries of War and the Navy by charter 6 June 1946 to coordinate the research programs of the War and Navy Departments and to carry on some of the fxmctions of the Joint Com- mittee on New Weapons and Equipment of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, which it superseded. The organizational structure of the RDB is essentially the same as that of the former JRDB, the major supporting agencies being: (i) Committees and panels to consider specific problems in the many fields of science and weapon technology. Generally, the objective of committees is the continuing study, evaluation, improvement and allocation of the broad problems and programs of research and development in relation to the over-all aims of the national defense effort and to the available and potential store of scientific in- formation, personnel and facilities, leading to the formulation of integrated programs in their respective fields. *RDB 1/5. (2) The Secretariat to provide executive and administrative action required in the conduct of the Board and in the implementation of policies and directives in accordance with approved procedures. The Secretariat consists of the Execu- tive Secretary, the Deputy Executive Secretary, and the three military secretaries of the Board, together with two supporting divisions: the Planning Division and the Programs Division. The Executive Council, consisting of the five secre- taries of the Board and the directors of the Planning and Programs Divisions, aids and advises the Executive Secretary and acts as a board of review of committee actions to assure that assignments have been fully completed. gai viuvii. FUNCTIONS OF THE COMMITTEES Committee on Aeronautics The principal fxinction of the Committee on Aeronautics is to explore new possibilities in the general aviation field and to coordinate the efforts of the three military departments toward investigating such possibilities and developing new and improved aerial weapons. To this end it must establish a unitary program of research and development in the aeronautical field and maintain a continuing evaluation of budgetary projects to implement that program. Committee on Basic Physical Sciences llie Committee on Basic Physical Sciences evaluates Service programs relating to basic physical science research and makes recommendations for the allocation and reallocation of projects among the military departments. The Committee considers problems in the fields of fluid dynamics, physics, chemistry, metallurgy and materials, and mathematics. The Committee's interest also includes the very rapid, complex electronic computing machines, such as the ENIAC (Elec- tronic Numerical Integrator Computer). Committee on Electronics The Committee on Electronics evaluates and coordinates the research and development plans of the Services and promotes an understanding among their representatives of the problems and programs of each Service so that the accom- plishments of every group become available to all. The Committee studies current electronics problems such as air warning, navigation, communications, electronic countermeasures, infrared, radar and prepares unified research and development plans in such areas for Service implementation. Committee on Geographical Exploration The purpose of the Committee on Geographical Exploration is to plan and coordinate scientific geographic exploration, either carried on, directed by, or of value to the National Military Establishment, with emphasis on regions where environmental conditions are especially difficult to cope with; to so plan that research is carried out on the nature, distribution, intensity and duration of environmental factors that affect the design and performance of materiel, the physiological efficiency of the troops, and the techniques of operation; to so plan that the results of geographic research are available in appropriate form (texts and maps, etc.) for the use of Joint Staff planners. Committee on Geophysical Sciences The Committee on Geophysical Sciences evaluates and coordinates Service programs relating to the geophysical sciences. The Committee is concerned w^ith physics of all natural phenomena associated with the earth, including gaseous, solid, and liquid parts o£ the earth and such phenomena as affect the earth, and all instruments and techniques employed for the study of these phenomena. Liaison is maintained with other Government agencies, academic institutions, and industrial establishments interested in research and development activities in the geophysical sciences. Committee on Guided MisslSes The Committee on Guided Missiles is responsible for the preparation of an integrated national program of research and development in the field of guided missiles and for coordination of the work of the three military departments to this end. Aided by its panels and special consultants, the Committee studies the actual and potential technical contributions of existing guided missile and related projects, intelligence information on foreign developments, future technical prob- abilities leading to the establishment of reasonable performance goals and ques- tions of suitable and necessary facilities to support the entire program. Recom- mendations are made regarding the effort necessary in the related scientific fields of aerodynamics, propulsion, guidance, control, warheads, fuses, launching, range instrumentation, etc., to the end that a proper balance in emphasis will be achieved in an over-all program of guided missile research and development that is sound from military, technical, and budgetary standpoints. Committee on Human Resources The Committee on Human Resources is concerned with research and develop- ment related to human behavior and manpower resources. The Committee considers research and development on military problems in the following fields: psychophysiology, including human factors in the design and operation of equip- ment; personnel assessment and training; manpower resources, including popu- lation characteristics, methods of estimating supply and requirements; human relations, including group leadership and morale, public opinion and propaganda, analyses of cultures. Committee on Medical Science The Committee on Medical Science is concerned with the survey, analysis and evaluation of all aspects of research and development activities in the field of med- ical and allied sciences, both within and without the Military Establishment, for the purpose of formulating an adequate, and efficient and integrated program of research and development in the field of medical science as applied to the needs of the departments of the National Military Establishment. 4 Committee on Navigction The Committee on Navigation is concerned with all aspects of research and development activities in connection w^ith the devices, systems and techniques applicable to the problems of land, marine and air navigation and traffic control. The Committee's objectives are to implement the directive of the Board in the ■fields of air, marine and land navigation aids, and to coordinate the research and development programs of the National Military Establishment with those of the Department of Commerce and the Treasury Department (U. S. Coast Guard) in the field of navigation aids. Committee on Ordnance The Committee on Ordnance evaluates the research and development programs of ordnance weapons and countermeasures of the three military departments and will make recommendations to insure that major efiEort is placed on the most urgent or important phases. It assesses the adequacy of the programs including the availability of technical personnel, facilities, and equipment; determines -whether there are gaps in the programs, both in plan and execution; and seeks to eliminate undesirable duplication, if such should exist. The Committee's field of interest excludes atomic energy but includes other types of explosives, land or water mines and means and devices for planting and countering them, am- munition, bombs, rockets, and projectiles (excluding guided missiles), launching devices and equipment, conventional torpedoes and tubes, depth charges and projectors, armor, guns, and gun mounts, fire control systems, ballistics, chemical weapons, pyrotechnics, and other equipments and material identified in the field of ordnance. Special Committee on Technicai Information The Special Committee on Technical Information has been established to promote the effective exchange of technical information among the agencies of the National Military Establishment. It studies the problem of collecting, correlating, reproducing and disseminating technical information potentially use- ful in the research and development programs of the National Military Estab- lishment. Similar activities in other Government agencies and in universities and independent organizations are followed, and active research into the scientific ibases of information organization is encouraged. The Committee will suggest ^procedures for standardizing technical nomenclature, for increasing effective utilization of technical reports and will recommend more effective methods as they are brought to light. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES MEMBERS AND SECRETARIAT OF THE BOARD VANNEVAR BUSH Chairman of the Board Dr. Vanncvar Bush, president of the Carnegie Institution of Washington since 1938, was formerly associated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, serving on the faculty of electrical engineering from 19 19 to 1932, at which time he became vice-president of the Institute and dean of the School of Engineering. In 1940 the President of the United States named Dr, Bush chairman of the National Defense Research Committee, and in 1941, when the Ofl&ce of Scientific Research and Development was formed, Dr. Bush was appointed director of that agency. During the war Dr. Bush also served as the civilian chairman of the Joint Committee for New Weapons and Equipment of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and shortly after the end of the war became chairman of the newly created Joint Research and Development Board at the request of the Secretaries of War and Navy. Following the creation of the Research and Development Board within the National Military Establishment in 1947 Dr. Bush was named by the President of the United States to the chairmanship of the Board. J. L. DEVERS General, United States Army Member of the Board General Devers, chief of the Army Field Forces, has had a distinguished Army career. Just prior to Pearl Harbor, he was chief of the Armored Force at Fort Knox. In May 1943 he was named commanding general of the U. S. Forces in the European Theater. He assumed the command of the North African Theater of Operations in December 1943, becoming deputy commander-in-chief,. Allied Force Headquarters and deputy supreme commander, Mediterranean Theater of Operations in January 1944. When the brunt of the war shifted to the European Theater, General Devers was made commanding general, 6th Army Group in France September 1944. He has been commanding general of the Army Ground Forces (redesignated Army Field Forces) since July 1945. The headquarters of the Army Field Forces was recendy moved from Washington to Fort Monroe, Virginia, where the Gen- eral has charge of important activities relating to training, organizational plan- ning and administration. ANTHONY C. McAULIFFE Major General, United States Army Member of the Board Major General McAuliflEe, famous for his defense of Bastogne during the Battle of the Bulge, joined the One Hundred and First Airborne Division early in World War II and subsequendy sailed with that division to the European Theater of Operations. During the Normandy invasion he parachuted into France and in the airborne invasion of Holland commanded the Glider Echelon. In December 1944 General McAuliffe commanded the One Hundred and First Airborne Division and the attached troops in the defense of the key road center of Bastogne. Later he commanded the One Hundred Third Infantry Division when the division broke through the Siegfried Line and raced through Germany and Austria to capture Innsbruck and the Brenner Pass and make the historic link up with the American Fifth Army troops from Italy. In January 1946 General McAuliffe became ground forces adviser to Admiral Blandy, commander of Joint Army-Navy Task Force One for Operation Cross- roads, and served at Bikini throughout the atomic bomb tests. In August 1946 he returned to the United States to become Army secretary of the Joint Research and Development Board, a position which he held until January 1948 when he was appointed deputy director for research and development, Logistics Division, Oeneral Staff. EARLE WATKINS MILLS Vice Admiral, United States Navy Member of the Board Vice Admiral Mills, chief of the Bureau of Ships since i November 1946, has long been associated with ship design and construction. From 1933 to 1937 he served in the Design and Construction Division of the Bureau of Engineering and from 1937 to 1939 he was engineer officer on the staff of the Commander, Destroyers, Battle Force. In 1939 Admiral Mills returned to the Bureau of Engineering as engineering assistant to the head of the Design and Construction Division, and in 1940 when the Bureau of Engineering was consolidated with the Bureau of Construction and Repair to create the Bureau of Ships, he continued in the same capacity in the new bureau. In 1940 he was detailed as assistant naval attache to the American Embassy in London for several months to study ship and rnachinery damage to the British fleet from bombs iand mines. Upon his return to the United States he resumed duty in the Design Division and in November 1942 Admiral Mills was designated assistant chief of the Bureau of Ships. Admiral Mills served on Board the USS MINNESOTA during World War I, and subsequendy in destroyers, battleships and cruisers. From 1922 to 1924 he did post-graduate work in electrical engineering at Columbia University, re- ceiving a master of science degree in naval engineering. In 1944 he received the honorary degree of doctor of engineering from the University of Louisville. JOHN DALE PRICE Vice Admiral, United States Navy Member of the Board Vice Admiral Price, deputy chief of Naval Operations (Air) since January 1948, has served continuously w^ith naval aviation since 1920. Early in World War II he assumed command of the Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, Florida,, and in 1943 was ordered to duty as commander, Fleet Wing Tvi'o, vi^hich par- ticipated in the Marshall Islands campaigns. In April 1945 he assumed command of Fleet Air Wing One which employed the "Bat" (the first fully automatic guided missiles to be used successfully in combat by any nation). In July 1945 Admiral Price vi^as ordered to duty as commandant. Naval Operating Base, Okinaw^a, and in February 1946 returned to the United States as commander. Fleet Air Alameda, California. On 31 August 1946, he became commander. Air Force, Pacific Fleet, and on 19 January 1948 became deputy chief of Naval Operations (Air). Following flight training in 1920, Admiral Price served in various commands,, including McCook Field, Dayton, Ohio, where he was naval representative ia aviation experiments and in 1922 was designated inspector of naval aircraft. In 1923, while in command of the airplane D. H.-A-6377, he broke existing flight endurance records, and in 1925 he was commended by the Secretary of the Navy for experimental flying aboard the aircraft carrier USS LANGLEY. JOSEPH T. McNARNEY General, United States Air Force Member of the Board General Joseph T. McNarney, commanding general of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, has served more than thirty years with the United States Air Force and is a combat veteran of both world wars. In January 1942 General McNarney was appointed chairman of a War Department committee to effect a reorganization of the Army, and in the following March was desig- nated deputy chief of staff of the United States Army. Named deputy supreme allied commander in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations and commanding general of the United States Army Forces in that theater in October 1944, he became acting supreme allied commander in the Mediterranean Theater in September 1945. The following December he suc- ceeded General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower as commanding general of the U. S. Forces in the European Theater and commander-in-chief of the U. S. Forces of Occupation in Germany. On 15 March 1947, General McNarney became senior member of the United Nations Military Staff Committee, with headquarters in New York City. He was assigned to Wright Field on i October 1947. LAURENCE C. CRAIGIE Major General, United States Air Force Member of the Board Major General Craigie, director of research and development in the Office of Deputy Chief of Staff for Materiel at USAF headquarters, supervised and di- rected the World War II experimental aircraft development program for the Army Air Forces. Stationed at Wright Field almost continuously from July 1934 to March 1943, General Craigie served in a series of important assignments in the Engineering Division, culminating in his assignment as chief. Aircraft Projects Branch. He became the first pilot of the armed forces of the United States to fly a jet-propelled plane vi^hen he piloted the XP-59 at Muroc Dry Lake, California, in October 1942. Assigned to field duty in March 1943, General Craigie was transferred to the North African Theater of Operations a year later as commanding general of the Sixty-third Fighter Wing of the Twelfth Air Force and as allied air commander, Corsica. Shortly after his return to the United States in November 1944, he became deputy chief of the Engineering Division of the Air Technical Service Command at Wright Field, serving in that capacity until August 1945 when he was appointed chief of the division. In August 1947, General Craigie was desig- nated chief of the Research and Engineering Division AC/AS— 4 at Army Air Forces headquarters in Washington, becoming director of research and develop- ment on 10 October 1947. L. R. HAFSTAD Executive Secretary of the Board Dr. Hafstad, on leave of absence as director of research of the Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, and director of the Institute for Cooperative Research of The Johns Hopkins University, was appointed executive secretary of the Research and Development Board in July 1947. He was asso- ciated with the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism of the Carnegie Institution of Washington from 1928 to 1946, when he was named director of research of the Applied Physics Laboratory. During World War II he was vice chairman of Section T of the Office of Scientific Research and Development which carried out research and development of the VT radio proximity fuze for the Army and the Navy. In 1 93 1 Dr. Hafstad was co-winner of the American Association for the Advancement of Science award for his research on the i,ooo,ooo-volt vacuum tube, and in 1946 was awarded the United States Medal for Merit for his war- time activities in connection with the development of ordnance devices for the Army and the Navy. 10 FRANCIS H. RICHARDSON Deputy Executive Secretary of the Board A staff member of the Radiation Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Mr. Richardson actively participated in the original development of radar equipment. In 1942, with the rank of colonel, he was assigned the responsibility for staff supervision of electronics research for the Army Air Forces. Upon separation from the Army in 1946, Mr. Richardson became direc- tor of the Cambridge Field Station, an Army Air Corps installation engaged in electronics research. In November 1946 he became administrative secretary for the Joint Research and Development Board of the Army and the Navy, con- tinuing with the Board following its reorganization under the National Security Act of 1947 as deputy executive secretary. A Canadian by birth, Mr. Richardson served in World War I as an RAF pilot. He holds a degree in engineering from the University of Edinburgh, Scodand. JAMES F. PHILLIPS Brigadier General, United States Air Force Air Force Secretary of the Board Brigadier General Phillips has long been associated with military aeronautical research and development From 1929 to 1935 he was engaged in experimental work in aerial photography and mapping at Wright Field, Dayton, Ohio. Following duty with the Air Corps Detachment CWS Research and Development at Edgewood Arsenal and at Kelly Field, Texas, from 1937 to 1940, he served until August 1945 as staff ofl&cer in A— 4, Air Corps headquarters; his special concern being staff supervision of Air Corps research and development activities and the production of aircraft. On completion of this assignment he became commanding general, Philippine Air Materiel Area, Nichols Field, and in September 1946 became assistant chief of staff, A-4, Pacific Area Command, Tokyo, Japan. Upon his return to the United States, General Phillips was assigned as assist- ant chief, Procurement Group, SS&P Division, Army General Staff, serving in this capacity from March 1947 until he assumed the duties of Air Force secretary of the Research and Development Board on 16 December 1947. 11 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA Wm 3 1262 08484 3324 JOHN HAZARD CARSDin Rear Admiral, United States Navy Navy Secretary of the Board From July 1944 to June 1946 Rear Admiral Carson commanded the U. S^ Naval Torpedo Station, Newport, Rhode Island, upon which station the Bureau of Ordnance conferred the "Naval Ordnance Development Award" in recognition of the distinguished service of the organization in the research and development of naval ordnance. On 27 July 1946 Admiral Carson assumed command of Transport Squadron One, Amphibious Forces, Pacific Fleet, and during Novem- ber and December units of this squadron participated in the first full scale peacetime amphibious training exercises. In February 1947 Admiral Carson reported to duty as corrunander, Cruiser Division 15, U. S. Pacific Fleet, and' on 15 March 1948 was designated Navy secretary of the Research and Develop- ment Board. Admiral Carson served in World War I and has served in all types of naval- vessels in various capacities. Following World War I he completed a post- graduate course in ordnance and obtained a master of science degree at the Mili- tary Institute of Technology. He served two tours of shore duty at the Naval Proving Ground, Dahlgren, Virginia. On 31 January 194 1 he reported for duty as operations oflScer on the staff of the Commander, Cruisers, Batde Force,, and was serving in this capacity, aboard the USS HONOLULU during the Pearl Harbor attack; then he served with southwest Pacific forces in Australian waters for fifteen months. In 1943 he assumed command of the cruiser USS BOSTON which joined the famous Task Force 58 in the Pacific in January 1944. ROBERT WILLIAM CRICHLOW, JR. Brigadier General, United States Army Army Secretary of the Board Brigadier General Crichlow has served continuously with the Coast Artillery Corps during his Army career. In September 1939 he was designated a member of the Coast Artillery Board at Fort Monroe and served in that capacity until July 1942 when he became president of the Antiaircraft Artillery Board, Camp Davis, North Carolina. In April 1943 he assumed command of the 57th Anti- aircraft Brigade, Camp Haan, California. He was appointed assistant chief of the Requirements Section, Headquarters Army Ground Forces in March 1944. In September 1945 General Crichlow was designated assistant chief of staff, G-5, USASCOM "C" Yokohama, Japan, becoming deputy commander and chief of staff 14 December 1945. In early 1946 he assumed command of Kobe Base, Japan; upon his return to the United States in April 1948 he was designated Army secretary of the Research and Development Board. Prepared by: Programs Division Editorial Branch B. S. 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