7 f tie Partial List cf uses or rCREST PRODUCTS in substitutions rCR STCCl AND TIN February 1942 v^ ^1 ^ UNIV. OF Fl LIB .POCUMENT5} DFpt DEPOSITORY >mk mm wgky* ' UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY Madison, Wisconsin In Cooperation with the University of Wisconsin ■ Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/partiseOOunit Fartial List of USES OF FOREST PRODUCTS IN SUBSTITUTIONS FOR STEEL AMD TIN In response to a growing number of requests for suggestions about possible wood substitutes for materials which are no longer available for civilian pur- poses, the Forest Products Laboratory has prepared the following partial lists These cover only steel and tin, but their variety and potentialities are sug- gestive of the greater number of uses to which wood can profitably be put dur- ing the wartime emergency. The starting point of the listings is official Forest Service records of items for which wood has been used in the past, interpreted and modified by the best supplementary knowledge that can be brought to bear on relatively short notice and without exhaustive special inquiry. Obviously, such lists and classifica- tions, built on arbitrary lines, cannot be above question or debate, especial- ly with regard to some of the items included. A 100 percent satisfactory and precise classification would presuppose more knowledge than probably any indi- vidual or group of individuals can bring to bear without more time and work than is presently feasible. Nor are the listings entirely suitable as a basis for definite action until they have been considered by such specialized authorities as representative wood fabricators and suppliers as to adequacy of present plant capacities and the availability of suitable sizes, grades, and dryness of the woods required to meet expanding demands. In fact, con- siderable time would be required by the wood supplying industries before in- creased demand for many of the items could be satisfied. It should be pointed out that the steel list contemplates substitution of wood, for the most part, in its natural state; that is, shaped and turned as lumber to replace steel items, such as fence posts, furniture, and similar products. It may be treated with fire, decay, and insect-resisting preserva- tives. On the other hand, wood products as substituted for tin would be chiefly of paper and wood pulp. For this reason, the two lists are set up in slightly different form, although for comparison purposes their content is similar. The classification columns are intended chiefly to indicate present availabil- ity of the suggested substitutions. The column headed "commercially used now" indicates that the wood substitute is now in common use, either predominantly or to a significant degree; in this classification, the displacement of wood has not progressed to the extent that revival of its use would not be rela- tively easy. The second column listing, "largely developed" uses, includes items for which wood is now used in a small degree or in which its use would not be hindered by technological obstacles. . The column headed "more develop- ment required" indicates items for which wood oan serve, although new or changed designs may be involved or some further technological work required; it also indicates items for which production is not now fully organized on a quant ity scale. R12S 9 (February 19^2) Partial List of Uses of Forest Products in Substitutions for Steel Status of technological development Steel product : Commer- : cially :used now Largely devel- oped ^re develop- ment required Advertising signs, other than billboards : Agricultural implements: : Beams and handles, plow : Housing, threshing machines , and shredders : Platforms , shelves and chutes : Arches, buildings (up to 150-foot spans) : X Automobile license plates : Ealusters, newel posts and railing. : X : X : X es Barg Battens, barn, Barrels : X .beer : Rosin. : X Billboards , outdoor : X Bins and cribs, grain storage..... : Brooders - : Buildings, temporary : Cabinets (not lining): : Ice cream : Soft drinks : Cable and wire reels : X Casing and base, house : X Caskets and burial cases : X Ceilings, pressed : X Cheese presses and vats (not lining) . : X Clothes hampers : Clothes hangers (except hook) : X : X : X : X Concrete forms Concrete piling and posts, re-enforced Curtain poles and brackets Display racks Fence posts Fences, snow (all steel) Fencing and gates , ornamental Fire doors (l-hour resistance) Floor girders , house and barn Floor joists, house and barn... Frames, window and door, nonfireproof structures X X X X X X X X X X X (continued) R12S9 -2- Partial List of Uses of Forest Products in Substitutions for Steel (continued) Status of technological development Steel product :Commer- ; eially :used now Largely de ve 1 - oped Kore develop- ment required Freight car: Box. Lining Roofing Siding Furni ture : Hotel, restaurant, cafe Household (except folding beds, davenports, etc .).. . Office and store, desks, filing cabinets.. Outdoor and porch Game boards Gates , farm Garaee; Lges Golf shafts Gutters .... Hang? ;ars Highway guard lines . Hi ghway marker s and posts Hcg houses . . Hoppers and boxes — agricultural implements Ice-cream freezer tubs Incubators Insulator pins Kegs , putty and paint Kitchen cabinets Lamps, floor and table Lath X X X' X X X X X X X X A X X x X X X X X Lawn mower tongues : Light standards, ornamental : Lookout towers .-.•.•• • ••• •• -•■ '•' : X Mine framing . .... : X Novelties: : Book ends : Cal endar mount s ; Souvenirs : Paper-roll plugs : X Partitions, office and shop, movable : Poles: : Agricultural implements : X Telephone, telegraph, electric : X Posts and rails, porch : X X X X X X X X X X (continued) R12S9 -3- partial List of Usee of Forest Products in Substitutions for Steel (continued) Status of technological development Steel product iCommer- : cially :used now Largely devel- oped More develop- ment required Radiator covers Reaches -- agricultural implements Refrigerators, mechanical Roofing, houses, barns, and sheds Rowboats and skiffs Sash, window Shelving Shoetrees Silos (all steel) Stock racks , store Store fronts Studding • Tanks : Acid Brewery . Hot grease Farm, water iiVater storage, railway, and industrial Tennis rackets Toy wagon boxes and scooters , Troughs, farm feeding , Trucks and trailers, farm, hnrse Trucks, motor, commercial: •■ Cabs . . . Bodies . Trusses: Buildings (up to 100-foot spans ). ... ■ Highway bridges (up to 100-foot- spans -where no drawbridge is required) » -. Venetian bl inds 4 ..< ........... 4 Wagon wheels , horse . . . . 4 . . Wheelbarrows: Garden and toy Handle s - X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ■ -X" ■ -x X X X X X X X (concluded) R1239 -4- Partial List of Uses of Forest Products and Derivatives in Substitutions for Tin Tin product or composition Wood product or derivative Status of technologi- cal development Commer- cially used now Largely devel- oped More develop- ment required Bearings (babbit metal Boxes and cans* Candies Coffee Cookies Crackers Food powders Talcum Tea Tobacco Tooth powder Miscellaneous dry food and drugs Buttons, tinned Cans and containers: Paint Lard, greases, and fats Oil Cans, food liquid Condensed milk Vegetable and fruits Fruit juices R12&9 Compreg wood Solid lignumvitae and maple (oilless) Lignin and fabric composi- tions (water lubricated, heavy-duty, high-speed, viz., "Lignalloy" ) Compressed, resin-impreg- nated paper plastic, viz . , ("Fi carat" and "Formica") Paperboard cartons of varied types, linings and coatings Molded pulp cans Plywood Solid wood Laminated paper plastics Molded pulp, resin lined Wood kegs, pails and barrels for bulk shipment in lieu of small cans. Sheet iron with cellulose lacquer or paint coating Paperboard cartons and mold- ed pulp cans coated, with or without inner cellulose receptacle. Wood kegs Sheet iron cans with cellu- lose lacquer or resin enamel coatings -5- x X ■■- X X X '. X X X X (continued) partial List of Uses of Forest Products and Derivativ es in Substitutions for Tin (continued) Tin product or composition : Wood product or : derivative : Status : cal of technologi- development : Commer- :cially : used : now : Largely : devel- : oped : More :develop- : me nt : required Clips, paper, tinned : Laminated paper plastic : X Cups, kitchen : Lignin and cellulose plastics : X Foil for dry or semi- dry packaging : Grease-proof or wax paper : Cellophane : X Forks, spoons, and spatulas, tinned : Laminated paper or paper : plastic •Wood veneer : X : X Ornaments, toys, advertis- ing specialities, labels, and similar miscel- laneous :Wood :Lignin and cellulose plastics Paper plastics : Iron with cellulose lacquers and paints : X : X X : X pails : Water Paint .Molded pulp; laminated paper plastic; paper plas- tic; paperboard (coated); wood staves (coated) Sheet iron with cellulose lacquer or paint coating : X : X : X Pins, tinned : Cellulose lacquer and : enamel coatings : X Plates, baking, cake, : pie, etc. : Paper board stamped or : molded (single use) : X : Roofing : Wood shingles : Impregnated pap sr : X : X : Sheet -- certain miscel- : laneous uses : Impregnated paper : X : Shoelace tabs, tinned : Cellulose lacquer dips : X : Snap fasteners, tinned : Laminated paper plastic : X : R1289 -6- ( continued) Partial List of Uses of Forest Product? and Derivatives in Substitutions f ^r Tin (continued) : Status of technologi- : cal development Tin product or composition : »d product or : derivative :Commer- : Largely Moro cially : dev 2- : develop- used oped ment : now irequired Tops, bottles, cans, tubes, Lignin or cellulose X tinned : plastics Trays, refrigerator, res- Lignin and cellulose plastics X taurant, and kitchen : Paper plastics and pulp Compreg wood : X : X Tubing, noncorroding Cellulose plastic tubing Compreg wood Laminated paper plastic X X X Tubes, collapsible (tooth Plastic ton with casing of X paste, shaving cream) : cellulose film Cellophane Wire, tinned : Wire, dipped in cellulose : lacquers or enamels : Or wrapped in protective papers. X (concluded) "111289 -7- UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 3 1262 08927 3253