LIBRARY ATEP^NJ^RD E-769 United States Department; of Agriculture Agricultural Researoh Administration Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine PRELIMINARY TESTS OF CERTAIN PHENYLHYDRAZIDES AS INSECTICIDES By G* T* Bottger and A» P* Yerington, Division of Control Investigations, and S* I* Gertie r. Division of Insecticide Investigations Twenty-five ohemically related compounds derived from phenylhydra- zine have been tested in the insecticide-testing laboratory of this Bureau at Anaheim, Calif., or at Sanford, Fla* The oompounds tested may be represented by the general formula o Nfl-NHR In each case R is an acyl group, derived from an acid. The system of nomenclature used by Chemical Abstracts has been followed in this paper* In most oases, where there is only one acyl substituent, the compound is named as a phe^ylhydrazide of the acid# One compound has an acyl substituent on each nitrogen and is therefore named as a phenylhydra- zine* The ethoxalyl derivative, which is derived from an ester, is also named as a phenylhydrazine* These compounds were first tested as 25- or 50-peroent dusts against three or more species of leaf -feeding insects. On the basis of the results of these tests, the more toxic materials were tested further as sprays • Phytotoxioity tests were made of those compounds whioh were toxio to inseots when applied as sprays. Contact tests were made in some instances, and a few volatile compounds were tested for possible fumigatory action* Bottger and Levin (1) have reportea on the results of tests on stearic acid phenylhydrazide and on 11 other compounds in this group of related materials* For comparative purposes, tests were made with pure gamma isomer of benzene hexaohloride, DDT, derris, bis(£-ohlorophenoxy)methan©, nicotine, and pyrethrum* The inseots and mites used in the tests were as follows: Alder flea beetle (Altica ambiens (Leo*)) Armywora (Cirphis unipuncta (Haw**)) California oakworm (Phryganidia californioa Pack*)"' Celery leaf tier (Phlyctaenia rubigalis IGuen*)) Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii (Glov*j; Cross- striped cabbageworm (Evergeatis rimosalis (Guen*)) Green dook beetle (Gastrophysa(or Gastroideajc'yanea Melsh.) Hawaiian beet webwona (Hymenfa recurvalis (F*j) Large milkweed bug (Oncopeltus fasoiatus Dall*) - 8 - Melonworm (Diaphania hyalinata (L»)) Pea aphid (MaorosipKum pisi (Kltb* ) ) Southern armyworm (Prodenia eridania (Cram.)) Southern "beet webworm (Pachyzancla b'ipunotalis (F*)) Spirea aphid (Aphis spi'raedola (Patch)) Squash bug (Anasa tristis (Peg*)) Sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formioarius elegantulus (Sum*)) Two-spotted spider mite (Tetranyohus bimaoulatus Harvey) Variegated cutworm (Peridroma margaritosa (Haw*)) Ye How- striped armyworm (Prbdenia ornithogalli Guen.) Thirteen of the 19 species were reared in the laboratory* Those collected from field populations were the alder flea beetle, ootton aphid, green dock beetle, spirea aphid, squash bug, and two-spotted spider mite* In the tests with larvae of the alder flea beetle and the green dook beetle and with all lepidopterou's insects, seotions of leaves were dusted in a settling chamber or sprayed with a hand atomiier, allowed to dry, and then placed in petri iishes with test insects* The mites and aphids were dusted or sprayed while in contact with their respective hosts* The milkweed bugs and squash bugs were treated while confined in crystallizing dishes, to which untreated food was afterward added* A minimum of 24 coleopterous and lepidopterous insects was employed in each test* Much larger numbers of aphids and mites were used in most oases* The results of the tests with the standard insectioides against the various test insects are presented in table 1* High kills were ob- tained with all these materials at concentrations of 5 percent or less* In most oases, however, mortalities were also high when the concentration was only 1 percent or less* Data on five compounds tested as 50-percent dusts are presented in table 2* These materials were all highly toxio at this concentration* However, with the exception of m-nitrobenzoio acid phenylhydrazide, all of them caused moderate to severe foliage injury* l-Ethoxalyl-2-phenyl- hydrazine, aoetio acid phenylhydrazide, and butyrio aoid phenylhydrazide were also effective against the insects tested when applied as sprays* Data on 10 compounds showing high toxicity to insects when tested as 25-percent dusts are presented in table 3. Six of these compounds caused moderate to high kills when tested as low-concentration suspension sprays. Two of them — sulfonic and valeric acid phenylhydrazides — were not very toxic to insects but caused serious injury to plant foliage. Isocaproic acid phenylhydrazide sprays caused no kill. No spray test was made of p_-nitrobenzoic acid phenylhydrazide. Table 4 gives the results of tests with 20 of the phenylhydrazides that killed less than 75 percent of certain test insects. - 3 Acetic acid phenylhydrazide, when employed as a 50-percent dust, showed some toxicity against three of the test insects. The phenyl- hydrazides of phenylacetic acid and o-chlorobenzoic acid showed some toxicity against certain insects when tested as 25-percent dusts. Literature Cited (l) Bottger, G. T., and Levin, Clemence. 1947. Preliminary tests of synthetic organic compounds as insecti- cides. U. S. Bur. Bit. and Plant Quar. E-729 (Part III), H PP. 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