LIBRARY CTATE PtANi" BOARD ]- 539 A7Dril, 1941 A SECOKD LIST OF ORGANIC SULFlffi COHPOmJDS USED AS IJTSECTICIDES By D. L. Vivian and Fred Acree, Jr., Division of Insecticide Investigations, Table of Contents Page Introduction 2 Dithiocarbamic acid derivatives 2 Isothiocyanates 4 Miscsllaneous heterocyclic compounds 5 Oxygenated sulfur compounds 6 Sulfides 9 Sulfonamides 12 Sulfurized material .... 14 Thiazines . 14 Thiazole derivatives 16 Thioacids and derivatives 1'^ Thiocarbonic acid derivatives 19 Thiocyanates 22 Thiols 29 Thiourea derivatives 30 Wetting agjnts . 31 MiscellaneoLis 33 References 34 Index to insects and other s"oecies against which these co-irpounds \-jere tested 45 2 - INTRODUCTION In way 1935 the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine issued the mimeographed publication 1^-344, entitled "A List of Organic Sulphur Compounds (Exclusive of I'iOthproofing Materials) Used as Insecticides." In this publication an attem-ot was made to catalog all organic cora-oounds of sulfur used or proposed for use as insecticides, fungicides, or bactericides, as well as those v/etting and emulsifying agents cortaining sulfur that have been used in conjunction with insecticides. This supplementary list includes references that appeared during 1935, 1936 and 1937, and in addition some early references overlooked when 3-344 v;as compiled. As in the previous publication, the compounds are named according to the system used in the index to Chemical Abstracts, Other names for these comr)Ounds, as given in the reference cited, fre- quently appear in the annotation. DITHICCAHBAiwIC ACID DSRIVATIVSS CARBAMIC ACID, DISTHYLDITHIO-, CADMIUm SALT A concentration of 1:200 in water killed 60 percent of the Colorado potato beetles; none of the foliage was eaten. A concentra- tion of 8 pounds per 100 gallons of v/ater used as a spray on smart- weed had a coefficient of effectiveness of 0.400 against the Japanese beetle; 15 percent of the foliage v/as eaten. (Guy, 34) CARBAi>'iIC ACID, DIETHYLDITEIO-, DIETHYLAi»lM01JrjH SALT Ten parts of this compound v;ith 90 parts of Jcaolin used as a dust shov/ed no toxicity to silla-rorms. (Ginsburg and Cavallito, ?7) CARBAMIC ACID, DIETHYLDITHIO-, DODSCYL ESTER • • An insecticide and fungicide. (British Patent 436,32?) As a spray at a concentration of 0.1 percent, this compound killed 86.6 percent of black chrysanthemum aphids. (U. S. Patent 2,050,093) CARBAiaC ACID, DIETHYLDITEIO-, SODIUI-I SALT ' ' One part of this salt with 10 parts of talc us'ed as a dust killed no Colorado potato beetles, and all the foliage was eaten. (Guy, 34) CARBAMIC ACID, DIMETHYLDITHIO-, CUPRIC SALT No mortality of the i^iexican bean beetle resulted from its use as an aqueous spray at a concentration of 1:400; only a small amount of foliage v;as eaten. An aqueous spray at 1:200, gave 20-percent mortality of the Colorado potato beetle; very little foliage was eaten. An aqueous spray at 8 pounds per 100 gallons on smartweed killed no Japanese beetles; all foliage was eaten. (Guy, 34) - 3 - CARBAl-ilC' ACID, DIMSTHYLDITHIO-, DIi£3THYLAI#10FIUl«. SALT Ten parts of this salt v/ith 90 parts of kaolin used as a dust showed no toxicity to silkv/orms. (G-insburg and Cavallito, ?7) A dust of 1 part mixed v/ith 19 -parts of talc v'a,s not toxic to silkworms. ((Jinsburg and Garnett, 28) CARBAMIC AG ID, DIIv^stHYLDITHIO-, 2,4-DIFITR0PHS]^TL 3ST3H V7hen used on smartvreed at a concentration of 8 pounds per 100 gallons of vrater, this compound had a coefficient of effectiveness of 0,119 against the Japanese beetle; 35 percent of the foliage vras eaten. (Guy, 34) CARBAwIC ACID, DIKETHYLDITHIO-,' sym-DIPHSITYLC-UAl-IDlFIUiv; SALT A concentration of 1:400 in v/ater produced 5 percent mortality of the riexican bean beetle; little foliage was eaten. A concentration of 8 pounds per 100 gallons of water had a coefficient of effectiveness of 0.228 against the Japanese beetle, and 10 percent of the foliage was eaten, ^ttt 4 pounds per 100 gallons the coefficient of effectiveness was 0, and 3 percent of the foliage was eaten. (G-uy, ■34)- CAPJBAiaC ACID, Dli.STKYLDITHIO-, F^RBIC SALT ii 20-percent mortality of the Mexican bean beetle resulted from an aqueous spray at a concentration of 1:400; very little foliage was eaten, as a spray on smartweed at 8 pounds per 100 gallons of water, the coefficient of effectiveness v/as 0.324 against the Japanese beetle, and 5' percent of the foliage was eaten, at 4 pounds per 100 gallons the coefficient of effectiveness was 0, and 8 percent of the foliage was eaten. (&uy, 34) CAHBAiviIG ACID, DITHIO-, CUPRIC SALT iit a concentration of 1:200 in water this salt produced no mortality of the Colorado "Dotato beetle; a large amount of foliage was eaten. Used as a spray on smartweed at a concentration of 8 pounds r>er 100 galloons of water^ ,it had a coefficient of effectiveness of against the Japanese beetle; all the foliage was eaten. (Guy, 34) CAHBAMIC ACID, DITHIO- , ZII'C SALT Used on smartweed foliage at a concentration of 8 pounds per 100 gallons of water, this salt had a coefficient of effectiveness of 0.017 against the Japanese beetle, and all the foliage was eaten. (Guy, 34) CARBAi'ilC ACID, D0DSCYLDITKI0-, DODECYL 3ST3R Ah insecticide and fungicide. (British Patent 436,32?) - 4 - CARBAMIC ACID, P3OTAM]OTHYI^EaCDITTO--* -sym-l)I?HEirni&UAHIBIM SALT.. .. An aqueous spray at a concentration of 1:S00 caused 10-percent mortality of the Mexican "bean "beetle; a small amount of foliage was eaten. At 1:400 no mortality resulted and a medium amount of foliage was eaten. On smartweed at 8 pounds per 100 gallons of water, it had a coefficient of effectiveness of 0.391 against the, Japanese "bettle, and 5 percent of the foliage vra.s eaten. When the concentration was reduced to 4 pounds per 100 gallons, the coefficient of effectiveness .■■ was 0, and 20 percent of the foliage was eaten. (Guy, 34) CARBAi'lIC ACID, PS1STAMETHYLS10IDITHIO-, PIPSRIDINim SALT Used as a dust 1 part of this salt with 1 part of talc produced '" no mortality of the Mexican "bean heetle, and there v;as a moderate amount of feeding on the foliage, A large amount of foliage was eaten when 10 parts were mixed v/ith 90 parts of talc. (Guy, 34) CARBAMIC ACID, PKSE5THYLDITHI0-, CUPRIC SALT' A concentration of 1:400 in water produced no mortality of the Mexican besm beetle, and a large amount of foliage was eaten. A spray on smartweed at a concentration of 8 pounds per 100 gallons of water had a coefficient of effectiveness of against the Japanese beetle, and 100 percent of the foliage was ea.ten. (Guy, 34) ISOTHIOCYAHATES DIISOTHIOCYAiaC ACID, m-PHS]^TYLElI3 ESTER A concentration of 0.05 percent, plus a moistening agent, in water killed 50 to 60 percent of tree lice in 2 days, (Canadian Patent 357,959) ISOTHIOCYANIC ACID, ALLYL ESTER Allyl isothiocyanate gave between 41 and 48 percent control of codling moth larvae when used at a concentration of 1 percent in refined -netroleTim oil (McGovran, 59) Mustard oil was the most toxic of eight substances tested against third-instar larvae of Melolontha hippocastani , May beetle grubs, the minim\im lethal dose being 3 mg. per liter of air. Field experiments indicate that a satisfactory kill, to a depth of 25 cm, in the soil, can be obtained by fumigation with 0.5 cc. of mustard oil in each of four points of injection per square meter. Soap emul- sion is suggested. Apparently no injury to vegetation results from so small a dosage. (Thalenhorst , 83,) Mustard oil did not control wireworms, Lacon variabilis , in sugarcane fields in central Queensland. The "sett eyes" were killed by contact with it, (McDougall,' 57) - 5 - Somewhat effoctive against yoUng coaling moth larvae. (i'-icGovran, 58) As a gas it showed no visible effect on citricola and black scales. (Pratt, Swain> and Sldred, ?3) ISCTHIOCYAMIC AC ID, ARYL :5STESS The patentees claim as an insecticide a preparation comt)rising as an active constituent an aromatic isothiocyanate in which the iso- thiocyanate radical is directly attached to an aromatic nucleus. Among the compounds suitable for this invention are phenyl isothiocyanate, chlorophenyl isothiocyanate, p-hydroxyphenyl isothiocyanate, m~ and p- phenylene diisothiocyanate, tolylene diisothiocyanate, cnlorophenylene diisothiocyanate, nitrophenyl isothiocyanate, benzyl isothiocyanate, and xylylene diisothiocyanate. (U. S. Patent 2,080,770) isothiocyanic acid, CYCLOKEXYL SSTSP. Shov/ed no toxicity to either Myzus porosus Sand, or the green- house red spider. (Kearns and Flint, 46) isothiocyakic acid, ethyl ester 53 percent effective against codling moth larvae when applied as a 10-percent mixture with talc. (McAllister and ''''an Leeuwen, 51) ISOTEIOCYaKIC acid, PHEl^TYL ESTEE • Somewhat toxic to young codling moth larvae. (McG-ovran, 58) Phenyl isothiocyanate at a concentration of 1 percent in refined petroleum oil gave less than 25 percent control of codling moth larvae, (^:cC-ovran, 59) Somewhat toxic to Sclerotinia fructicola , and fairly toxic to Botrytis loaeoniae and Pestalotia stellata . ('•/ilcoxon and McCallan, 88) i'-JSCELLAFEOUS HETEROCYCLIC COi'iPOUI>^S BARBITURIC ACID, THIO- Used as a lO-percent dust with kaolin, this compound shov/ed no toxicity to silkworms. (Oinsburg and Cavallito, 27) PHSilOXATHIIN ''■■■'' ■ . In initial toxicity to the codling moth, phenothioxin is out- standing aiiiong- several handred sjTithetic organic compounds tested, but it loses much of i'.B effectiveness when exposed as a spray deposit for a week or more, (Smith, Piegler, and Kunger, 79) A diaryl thioxin such as phenothioxin is used as an active ingre- dient of insecticides, suitably as a powder or vrith oil emulsion sprays. (U. S. Patent 2,049,725) Phenothioxin gave 100 -nercent control of the adult Mexican bean beetle, but caused severe volant injury, ''/hen a-o-^lied as an aoueous sioray at a concentration of 1:200. It gave 70 percent control of the adult Colorado -ootato beetle vrhen ap-olied as a dust with talc at a concentration of 1:10, but caused moderate nlant injury. (Guy, 34) S-THIOCOUl'^HIK Thiocovunarin is outstanding in initial toxicity among several hundred cor.TOOunds tested against codling moth larvae, but loses much of its effectiveness when exposed as p spray deposit for a '-reek or more. (Smith, Siegler, and hunger, 79) jxn insect repellent comprises a substituted thiocoumarin in v/hich the substituent group is halogen, alkyl , or thio. (U, S. Patent 1,995, ?47) TElAi'TRHZr^ A 10-percent dust v;ith kaolin showed no toxicity to silkv/orms. (Ginsburg and Cavallito, 27) OXYGi::aTJD SUL7U?. C0.iP0Ul.i3S CiiSTOR OIL, SLXFOI-kTSD Shov;s only slight toxicity to the red sT)ider but has good \ifetting properties. (Richardson, 75; kiles and Cohen, 63; Pe-oper, 72) Increasing the proportion of Turkey red oil from 1:400 to 1:300 gave a marked increase in the toxicity of derris s^ray against the red spider. ( /eigel and Richardson, S6) 3TH1E , B3TA-3UT0X Y-33Tii ' -THIOCYAFOD IZTHYL- Lethane controls tiie common red spider at a concentration of 1:800, when nroperly em^ilsified and used vrith a spreader. It also gives good control of the European red mite at 1:2400. (l^urr)hy, 66) In laboratory tests a 1:500 sDray killed both adults and nj.iciohs of the souash bug. (Beard, 4) A concentration of 15 percent of 20:1 pvrethrum with 5 percent of Lethan 284 in deodorized kerosene provides an extremely efficient sioray of the liquid tyne. The inclusion of Lethane enhances the insecticidal power of the DjTethrum and adds to the moth-re-oellent power of the si:)ray and its toxicity to bedbugs, (Johnson and Yallee, 43) AS cattle sr)rays 2 and 3 percent solutions of alirihatic thiocyanates are about equal in toxicity to s'^rays of 3 3/4 and 5 percent, respec- tively, of a 20:1 pyrethrum concentrate. Thiocyanates alone show superior reioellency as compared v/ith r)yrethrum sprays. (Doty, 15) Aqueous :^.prriys of comraerdi&l organic thioctyanate .preparations (Lethane 440 and Loro) at 0*25 perdeht dilution killed 94 to 100 percent of red spidersi (Cbmpton and Kearns, 10) No conclusive results vrere obtained from the use of a 1-percent aqueous spray of Lethane against the red spider. (Frost, 25) Results vfith Lethane against the citrus red mite were inconclusive. (Boyce, 6) A spray of Lethane 440 plus spreader at 1:200 dilution killed the potato leafhopper by contact but had poor repelling value. The opposite was true v;hen this material was used as a dust. (McLaniel, 54) A spray of Lethane at 1:400 plus Lethane spreader killed 21.5 per- cent of arborvitae leaf miners. (Brower, 8) A commercial alkyl thiocyanate preparation (Lethane Jr.) at 2 quarts per 100 gallons killed 98 percent of white apple leafhopper nymphs in 24 hours. (Steiner, 80) GUANIDIICi], ALPHa-CYANO-, SULFATE Had an efficiency of 6.6 percent against codling moth larvae when used as an undiluted dust. (McAllister and Van Leeuv;en, 51) METANILIC ACID Had an efficiency of 26.2 percent against codling moth larvae when used as an undiluted dust. (wcAllister and Van Leeuwen, 51) 2-MPHTHAL3NESULF0FIC ACID A 10-percent dust with kaolin showed no toxicity to silkxi^orms. (Ginsburg and Cavallito, 2?) NAPHTHIOHIC ACID A dust diluted 1:9 with kaolin killed no silfo-^orms. (C-insburg and Cavallito, 27) SULFAMIC ACID DERIVATIVES Useful for combating insect pests and other parasites. (British- Patent 457,119) SULFANILIC aCID Had an efficiency of 45 percent against codling moth larvae when used as an undiluted dust. (McAllister and Van Leeuvren, 51) SULFATE, DODECYL SODIUw A v/etting agent which is toxic to red-legged grasshoppers, riexican mealybugs, cabbage aphid s, common red spiders, mosquito larvae, boxelder bugs, and apple aphids. (Tisdale, 82; Cory and Langford, 11; G-insburg, 26) A spray of Orvus /A Paste at 2 ounces per gallon of water controlled Illinoia solanifolii , Myzus persicae , the greenhouse red spider, green- house ants, raosquitoes, Eriococcus azaleae, and the citrus vrhitefly but showed little effect on sowbugs. (Dozier, 17) - 8 - SULFAT3, wETHYL As a vapor at a concentration of 0.25 -percent by freight in air it stu-oefied the citricola scale and "black scale. (Pratt, Swain, and Sldred, 73) SULFATE, OCTADECYL SCDIUI«i SULFATE, OLSYL SODITk A v/etting agent vfhich is toxic to red-legged grasshorcoers, Mexican mealybugs, cabbage aphids, conmon red spiders, mosquito larvae, box- elder bugs, and apple aphids, (Tisdale, 83; Cory and Langford, 11; Ginsburg, 26) SULFaTIS, alkyl. A s"Dray of a comir.ercial sulfated higher alcohol dissolved in v;ater controlled adults and i.T,mature stages of the boxelder bug without injur- ing vegetation or spotting painted surfaces to which it was applied. (kcDaniel, 52) Six ounces of a sulfated higher alcohol to 10 gallons of water as a spray controlled both shield scales and soft scales on greenhouse plants. (i-.cDaniel, 55) SULFO FLUORIDES, aLIPHATIC An exam-ole is n,ethane sulfofluoride. (French Patent 804,545) SULFOlAPHTHEilC A3IB3 A mixture of sodium sulfonates and na-ohthenates (20 to 25 percent) dispersed in "green" oil (residual fraction of p;Togeni2ed petroleum) can be used as an insecticide for cotton t)lants. (Adamyan, 1) sulfo:ates Detergents pnd emulsifying agents for insecticides are formed from the reaction betveen ali-ohatic iDolyhydroxy amines and carboxylic, sulfonic, or sulfonated carboxylic acids. (U. S. Patent 1,994,467) sulfo: aTes , al::yl Insecticides and fungicides. (U. S. Patent 2,067,552) SULFOl'E, 11, y -BIS(p-TOLUIj:0)- Di-p-toluenesulfamide had an efficiency of 21.3 nercent aj;ainst codling moth larvae when used as an undiluted dust. (wcAllister and Van Leeuv/en, 51) SULFONIC ACID DSHIVaTI'v-^S An exaraiole contains Eir.eral oil (middle) 99, neutr^^lized petroleum sulfonates 0.?, and cresylic acid 0.? percent. (French Patent 793,734) The sulfonatsd products obtained by treating lighter petroleum products, 3\ich as gasoline, with sulfuric acid aie freed from excess acid, and a small percentage of an insect poison, such as nicotine, is added to form a composition adapted for use on foliage, etc. (U. S. Patent 2,006,456) ^x composition suitable for use on plants or trees contains sulfo- nated oxygen derivatives of aliphatic hydrocarbons such as Penetrol, and a small proportion of an organic toxic material such as nicotine. (U. S. Patent 2,011,765) SULFURIC ACID DZHIVA'II^rss .xcids of formula EXR'vYSOgE), in which R is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical, X is oxygen, S, or SOg, R' is an alkylene group, and Y is oxygen or may be absent, are combined ivith nicotine, pyridine, piperidine, cet/lamine, dimetnyldodecylam.ine, cyclo- hexylajnine, or quinoline, or with copper, mercury, arsenic, or telluriiim bases, to form salts that have vermin-destroying and insecticidal proper- ties. (British Patent 463,544) THIO 3THSRS Thio ethers which may be used for combating animal or vegetable pests are produced by treating a compound of the general formula CHp:CHSO^-R, in which x stands for one of the numbers 1 or 2, and R stands for bxv aliphatic radical containing at least 6 carbon atoms, or for a cyclic radical, with a com.pound containing the -SH group, such as hydrogen sulfide, or alkyl, aralkyl, or cyclic uni- and multi- valent mercaptans. (U. S. Patent ?, 098, 759) ■ SULFIDES . . 1-CYSTIL^i; Had an efficiency of 34.9 percent against codling moth larvae when used as an undiluted dust. (kcAllister and Van Leeuwen, 51) DISULFIDE, DI-(o-.'ITRO?HSx?£L)- Ineffective against codling moth larvae when used as an undiluted dust, (i.c.^llister and Van Leeuv/en, 51) DISULFIDES ^m insecticide and fungicide in the form of a substantially dry dust consists of finely divided dehydrated fuller's earth impregnated with readily vaporizable organic disulfides recoverable from petrole\im and the products of refining the same. (U. S. Patent 1,986,218) - 10 - sulfid:^: d^jvatiyes Insecticides and fungicides. (U. S. Patent p, 067, 532) SULFIDES J ALiraZ!TS Insecticides contain a volatile alkylene sulfide, e.g., ethylene or propylene siilfide. (French Patent 803,509) TFIUB.*!.^; riSLTiriLS, DIMTHYL- .'hen used as an aqueous stDray at a concentration of 1:400, this Gompoxmd produced 5 percent mortality of the Mexican bean beetle; only a very little foliage v/as eaten. An aqueous spray at 1:200 produced 80-percent mortality of the Colorado potato beetle, and no foliage v.'as consur;.ed. -it 8 "oounds per 100 gallons of vater it had a coefficient of effectiveness of 0.058 against the Japanese beetle, and 35 -oercent of the foliage vas eaten. (3uy, 34) THIUIlaiV. riSlT^Fir::;, §:.Ti>-DIi«iSTHTLDIPr3iTL- An aqueous spray at a concentration of 1:400 produced no mortality of the . exican be. n beetle, and a large amount of foliage v;as eaten. At 8 pounds per 100 gellons of v/rster the coef:^icient of effectiveness against the Japanese beetle was 0.050, and all the foliage was eaten, (■^uy, 34) THIUR^x-: DIS'XFir^S, PIP~?IDYL- This spray at a concentration of 8 pounds -per 100 gallons of water on s.riartvreed killed no Japanese beetles, and all the foliage was eaten. (&u-', 34) THIU3Uivi DIS:"LFID3, T^,TR-^CYCL0I^i:x::'L- An aaueous spray at a concentration of 1:400 caused 25 percent mortality of the i':exican bean beetle, and a T.edium amount of foliage v/as eaten. The coefficient of effectiveness against the Japanese beetle \ip.s 0.009, .nnd 85 percent of the foliage was eaten. (Cruy, 34) THIira^^, DI3:.]1.?ID^, TZTPA-Cs-ETFn. K3XYL)- an aqueous spray at a concentration of 1:400 caused 5-T)ercent mortality of the i-iexican bean beetle, and a large amount of foliage was eaten. (Guy, 34) TKIUTL-u-^i DISULFIDZ, T3TPaIS0xBUTYL- Au aoueous spray at a concentration of 1:400 caused no mortality of the I'lexican bean beetle, anjil a large amount of folia^^e was eaten. At 8 pounds per 100 gallons of water a spray on smartweed killed no Japanese beetles and injured no plants; all the foliage was eaten, (Guy, 34) - 11 - TFIURtui DISITL^IDS, T3TR.-xh3THYl- i\ri aqueous snray at a concentration of 1:?00 TDroduced 30-percent mortality of the r exican bean beetle and ?0-T)ercent mortality of the Colorado -ootato beetle; there was very little feeding on the foliage. iin aoueouR s^oray of 8 pounds per 100 gallons on s.-iartveed had a coefficient of effectiveness of 0.237 against the Ja"oanese beatle, and S percent of the foliage was eaten. This is a very strong reioellent, and v;as the most effective compound tested in torotectini: a-mole and iDeach foliage from the Ja-nanese beetle. (G-uy, 34) One ;oart mixed with 19 parts of talc was nontoxic to silk:«;or:Vis. (Ginsburg and G-arnett, 28) letrauiethylthiuram disulfide with a 40-TDercent rosin-residue emulsion and derris v/ith a rosin sticker v;ere the most effective repel- lents tested against the Japanese beetle. (Guy and Schmitt, 35) Used as a 10-percent dust with kaolin it showed no toxicity to silk>rorms. (Ginsburg and Cavallito, 2"^) It was the most effectiva re 'ellent araon several of the thiruam sulfides tested. (Guy, 32) TniUToi^n DISUiriD-, T-^TH^J'IEIFYL- On smart'i-reed a sToray at 8 ■oofjnds "-ler 100 gallons of v^ater nad a coef:^icient of e-^fectiveness of against the Japanese beetle; all the foliage wae eaten. (Guy, 34) TKIUTji.-! SUL]?ID2, TSTKaBUTYI- An aqueous s-nray at a concentration of 1:400 caused 5-r)ercent mortality of the . exican bean beetle, and there vras very little :feedirg on the foliage. A concentration of 1:200 in water produced no mortality of the Colorado -potato bertle, and moderate feeding on foliage, .-^t 8 pounds per 100 gallons of v/ater the coefficient of effectiveness against the Japanese beetle was 0. (Guy, 34) THIURrv. SULFIDE, TZTEAJTHYL- Tetraethylthiuram sulfide is a strong repellent, a dust v/ith talc at 1:10 produced 100-percent mortality (from starvation) of the i'iexican bean beetle, and no foliage vras eaten. vJhen the concentra- tion was reduced to 1:20, 45-percent mortality resulted. ."hen the material v;as used as an aqueous spray at 1:800 (emulsified vrith coconut oil), 10-"percent mortality resulted, ./hen used as a lO-nercent dust with talc, 100-percent mortality of the Colorado potato beetle resulted, but when used as an aqueous spray at 1:400 there v;as no mortality, ^t 8 pounds per 100 gallons of v;a^er the coefficient of effectiveness against the Japanese beetle v/as 0.001. (Guy, 54) - 13 - TEIUIuiivi SULFIDE, TELT^u.ZTKYL- An aq-aeous spray at 1:400 killed 10 percent of kexican "bean beetles, and very little foliage was eaten, owing to repellent action; the same was true of the Colorado potato beetle. It had a coefficient of effective- ness of 0.147 against the Japanese beetle as a spray of 8 pounds ner 100 gallons of vater; no plant injury occurred and 5 percent of the foliage was eaten. (3-uy, 34) A 1-percent spray gave promising results in the control of the red spider, (i-iontgomery, iioore, and Siiaw, 64) THIUHwvi SULJIDZS, TIITEA-ALEYL- Insecticides and fungicides are composed of an emulsion of an oil, such as cottonseed, in v/ater, to^:ether vrith a base or salt givirg a basic reaction, casein, and a tetra-alkylthiurara mono sulfide. (British Patent 426,051) SIILFOIIAMII'ZS BT. Z^l^STJLFOFAi JD2 An undiluted dust had an efficiency of 6.6 T)ercent against codling rr.oth larvae. (ilcAllister and Van Leeuv;en, 51) SULFOlIAi^lIDS DI-T5-T0LYL- An undiluted dust had an efficiency of ^1.3 percent against codling moth larvae. (licAllister and Von Leeuwen, 51) SULFO: Ai-JD^S, JL~YL- Amides of aromatic sxilfonic acids are used to prevent or treat rust diseases of nlants through amplication to soil or -olants. (British Patent 431,331) Amides of aromatic sulfonic acids, such as o- and p-toluene- sulfonamide are rust destroyers on cultivated plants. (U. S. Patent 1,997,918) p-TOLUEiCSULril.IC aCIP, SODIUi. SaLT l:".eff active a-jainst codling moth larvae when used as an undiluted dust. (r.cAllister and Van Leeuv/en, 51) p-TOL UEioi; SUL FO i Ai-^ IPS ^:.n undiluted dust had an efficiency of 31.? nercent against codling moth larvae. (i'lCvllister and ^^an Leeuvren, 51) - 13 - p-T0LU3ij-ESULF0FAMID3, H-J'STHYL-lT-p-l'CtYL- p-Toluenesulfonylmeth,yl--D-toluidine as an undiluted dust had an efficiency of 1.7 percent against codling moth larvae. (i'-;cAllister and Van Leeuwen, 51) p-TOLUJKESULFOiy^MlDZ, N-OCTYL- Of practically no value as a repellent or stomach poison against the Japanese "beetle at 8 pounds per 100 gallons of v/ater. (Fleming and Baker, 23) p-T0LU2i^ESUlF0iIAhID3, H-p-TOLYL- p-Toluenesulfonyl-p-toluidine was 60.7 percent efficient against codling moth larvae when used as a lO-percent mixture vdth talc. (McAllister and Van Leeuwen, 51) p-TOLUZITHSUlFOFAFILIDS Fot toxic to silloTOrms when used as a lO-percent dust vjxth kaolin. (Ginsburg and Cavallito, 27) p-TOLiniJSSULFOrAFILIDE , N-h3rFYL- Ineffective against codling moth larvae -rhen used as an undiluted dust. (i^icAllister and Van Leeuvren, 51) p-TOLUEr^suiFoi'ic ACID, b:^ta-chloro3Thyl ester Somev/hat toxic to young codling moth larvae. (r-icG-ovran, 58) Had an efficiency of 97.5 percent against codling moth larvae when apr)lied as a 10-percent mixture with talc. (licAllister and Van Leeuv/en, 51) Gave less than 25 percent control of codling moth larvae at a concentration of 1 percent in refined petroleum oil. (iwcGovran, 59) P-TOLUEIVUSULFOIJC ACID, o-CHL0R0?HEi^IYL ESTER p-TOLUEl^'ZSULFO^IC ACID p-CELOROPHSm'L ESTER p-TOLUEHESULFOinC ACID, 2,4-BICHLOROPHENYL ESTER Hot toxic to silkvforms when used as a 10-percent dust with kaolin. (Ginsburg and Cavallito, 27) p-TOLUEFESULFOFIC ACID, N-PROPYL ESTER 93.8 percent effective against codling moth larvae v;hen -aiDolied as a 10-"Dercent mixture vrith talc. (McAllister and Van Leeuwen, 51) - 14 - SULF0RIZ3D MATERIAL D IPH3IIYLAkI j>S , p-2TH0XY-p-HYD^.0XY- , SUL7U?. I Z2D One part with 10 parts of talc as a dust killed 40 percent of adult Mexican bean beetles with slight plant injury; a small amount of foliage was eaten. The same dust gave no control of Colorado T)otato beetles and no plant injury. (Guy, 34) DIFHi.TLAiViliME, p-STH0XY-iU4lF0-, SULFURIZSD A dust of 1 part to 10 parts of talc gave no contro] of either adult i"iexican bean beetles or adult Colorado potato beetles. No plants were injured, but all the foliage was eaten, ('^uy, 34) DIPiniTYLAMII]^, p-EYDROXY-, S^ILFJF.IZ:^ As a dust at 1:10 with talc this compound gave no control of either adult Mexican bean beetles or adult Colorado potato beetles; no plant injury resulted. (Guy, 34) DIPffHirYLAfllFi:^ o-kETKYL-p-HYDHOXY-, STTLFUHIZSD ^i.t a concentration of 1:10 with talc the dust gave no control of either adult liexican bean beetles or adult Colorado potato beetles; all foliage was eaten. (Guy, 34) DIPHllLTYLAMi;^, p-iSTHYL-p-HYEROXY-, SITjFJRIZ^ DIPH3NYLAMIKE, p-PE3HYLAI^Ji!0-, SULFURIZED A dust of 1 part vrith 10 parts of talc gave 20~percent control of adult i^iexican bean beetles but no control of adult Colorado potato beetles. No plant injury resulted. (Guy, 34) TRIPH^ilYLAiVili^, SUlFuRIZZD At a concentration of 1:10 vrith talc the dust gave no control of adult i.exican bean beetles and no plant injury. (Guy, 34) TKIAZINES ALPHa-SS>! ZOPKS -OT HIAZ DIE Thiophenyl-alpha-naphthyl amine gave 20-percent control of the adult I'lexican bean beetle when ap-olied as a d\ist with talc at a concen- tration of 1:10, and lO-^nercent control of the adult Colorado potato beetle. Fo -plant injury resulted in either test. (Guy, 34) beta-be; 'zopicfothi az I fe Thiophenyl-beta-naphthylamine gave 20-T)ercent control of the hexican bean beetle but no control of the adult Colorado notato bettle when used as a dust v/ith talc at a concentration of 1:10. Fo plant injury resulted. (Guy, 34) - 16 - PK31\iOTHIaZIF3 See Bureau of .Dntoiaology and Plant Quarantine ^iimeogranhed Publications 3-344 and 2-399 for all available information on pheno- thiazine. PHSifOTHlAZIFJl, JM--tiC3TYL- LT-acet,ylthiodir)henylamine gave 60-"Dercent control of the adult i.exican bean beetle and did not cause -plant iriiury when ap-olied as an aoueous s'oray at a concentration of 1:400. At the same concentration it gave 70-percent control of the adult Colorado -Dotato beetle, and at 2 pounds in 100 gallons of v/ater it gave P-nercent control of the codling moth. (Suy, 34) PKIl-'OTHlAZi:~, DJ-'ITRO-, SULFOXIDE Dinitrophenothiazine sulfoxide gave 50-^ercent control of the adult i.exican bean beetle when ar;plied as a dust vrith talc at a concen- tration of 1:10. To plant injury occurred. (&uy, 34) PH^70THIi4.Zl:~, 4-HYDROXY- I^id not control the adult Colorado potato beetle when used as a dust with talc at a concentration of 1:10. i'o -plant injury resulted. (Guy, 34) PK3" OTHlAZir:], M-LAUP.OYL- Thiodi;ohenyl laurarnide as a dust at 1:10 with talc controlled •;^0 percent of adult Lexican bean beetles with no plant injury; a large amount of foliage was eaten. All the foliage was eaten and only 10-oer- cent control of this insect obtained with a spray at a concentration of 1:400 in water, a dust of 1 part to 10 parts of talc killed 20 percent of adult Colorado potato beetles with no plant injury; only a small amount of foliage was eaten. There v;as no plant injury, but all the foliage was eaten vrhen applied as a spr8,y at 1:400, which ^ave no con- trol of this insect, A spray at 3 pounds per 100 gallons of water killed 9 percent of codling moth larvae. (G-uy, 34) PHSM0TEIAZI1T3, II-i.3THYL- S-wethylphenothiazine gave- no control of the adult i.exican bean beetle when applied as a dust with talc at a concentra-tior of 1:10. i'o nlant injury resulted, (Guy, 34) PHEiroTHIAZIK3, r-i-STKYL-, SULFOI^ 6-methyl-Dhenothiazine sulfone gave no control of the adv.lt Mexican been beetle vrhen applied as a dust with talc at a concentration of 1:10. Fo -olant injury resulted. (Guy, 34) - 16 - PIEITOTHIAZIl^, TETI?AlTIT?-0-, SULFOXIDE Gave -O-TDercent control of the adult Mexican "bean "beetle when ap-olied as a dust v;ith talc at a concentration of 1:10. Fo plant injury resulted. (Cruy, 34) - THU20LE DERIVATIVES 2-Aiv;iN0-6-CHL0R0- A dust diluted with talc 1:10 gave no control of either th? Colorado riotato "beetle or the iMexican bean beetle; very little foliage was eaten. (G-uy, 34) As effective as lead arsenate '.'hen used against Japanese beetles at 8 pounds to 100 gallons of water. Increasing the concentration to 32 pounds ner 100 gallons did not significantly increase the insecticidal action but did decrease the extent of feeding. (Fleming and Baker, 23) BSNZOTHIaZOLS, 2-iiwIK0-6-STr:0XY- A dust diluted with talc 1:10 gave 30-t)ercent control of the Colorado potato beetle and 40-percent control of the Mexican bean beetle, a small amount of the foliage being eaten in both cases. (G-uy, 34) BENZOTKIAZOLE, GUAUIDO- . ; Slightly toxic to Sclerotinia fructicola and Botrytis paeoniae . (Wilcoxon and iicCallan, 8c) BEFZOTHIAZOLE, 2-HERCAPTO- At 8 pounds "oer 100 gallons of v/ater this GomT3ound was about one- quarter as effective as lead arsenate against the Ja-oanese beetle, and higher concentrations severely damaged foliage. (Fleming and Baker, 23) BE>' ZOT^'IAZOL^ ^ ■^-i.EPC.'iPTO-6-ETHOXY- Of no value as a stomach poison against the Japanese beetle. (Fleming and Baker, 23) BENZOTrI.aZOLE, 2-PHEUTL- A dust diluted with kaolin 1:9 killed 35 percent of sillcv/orms within 3 days. (Ginsburg and Cavallito, 27) BSNZOTHIaZOLES Products soluble in ketonic solvents such as acetone are obtained by reaction of nicotine v/ith 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-merca^to-6- phenylbenzothiazole, 2-mercapto-6-methylbenzothiazole, 3-raercapto-6- nitrobenzothiazole, mercaptoxylylthiazole, mercaptona-ohthothiazole, and their corresponding disulfides, as, for example, dibenzothiazyl disulfide and ditolylthiazyl disulfide. (U. S. Patent' 2,077,960) - 17 - MPHTH0THIA20LE, ?-AMIHO- An aqueous spray at a concentration of lt?0O gave 10-percent control of the i'iexican bean beetle* A small amount of foliage was eaten. (&uy, 34) KAPHTHOTHIAZOLS, 2-MERCaPTO- Of practically no value as repellent or stomach poison against the Japanese beetle at a concentration of 8 pounds per ioO gallons of water. (Fleming and Baker, 23) A dust diluted 1:10 with talc gave lO-percant control of the Colorado potato beetle, and a large amount of foliage was eaten. The same concentration gave no control of the Mexican bean beetle, and all the foliage v/as eaten. (G-uy, 34) RHODANIiJ"E RHODaNIKS, 5-(p-DIMETHYLAl4lH0B5NZyLID3IIE)- A dust diluted 1:9 v/ith kaolin showed no toxicity to silkworms. (Ginsburg and Cavallito, 27) RHODAini!ES The patentee claims as a bactericide a compound derived froir. the reaction of an organic amine with sodium rhodanide. (Pritish Patent 433, 45P) THIAZOLS HYDROBROhlDS, ?-METHYL-4-(p-CHL0R0PH:^l^JYL)- Slightly toxic to Sclerotinia fructicola and Botrytis paeoniae . (v/ilcoxon and I^cCallan, 88) Ineffective against the bean aphid. (Hartzell and. 'Jilcoxon, 36) P SEUDOTHI OHYDAl-TTGIN A dust diluted 1:10 with talc gave no control of the Mexican bean beetle, and all the foliage was eaten. (Guy, 34) THIOACIDS AIJD DERI VAT DCS ACETawIDE, THIO- 36.1 percent efficient against codling moth larvae when used as an undiluted dust. (jncAllister and Van Leeuv/en, 51) ji dust diluted 1:9 with kaolin showed no toxicity to silkworms. (Ginsburg and Cavallito, 27) - 18 - aC^TAiViIDs;, ALPKa-PE^l'^YL THIO- A 10 percent dust with kaolin killed 35 -nercent of sillo.'/or'as vrithin 3 days. (C-insburg and Cavallito, ^7) aC:]?Ai.JDE, T?.I;vi3TEYl THIO- si. dust diluted 1:9 with kaolin showed no toxicity to siDa/orms* (^insburz and Cavallito, 27) AC:E]T.-iriLID3, TEIO- 95.0 percent efficient against codling moth larvae when used as an undiluted dust. (iiCiillister and "Van Leeuwen, 51) A dust diluted 1:10 '■lith talc gave 5-r)ercent control of the Colo- rado potato beetle, hut only a small ojnount of foliage was eaten. The same concentration gave 80-percent control of the iiexican "bean beetle, and very little foliage was consumed. (Guy, 34) A dust diluted 1:9 v/ith kaolin killed 95 percent of silk^./orms within 3 days. (G-insburg and Cavallito, 27) ACSTIG aCID, TinO-, STKYL ZST^T. Fairly toxic to the confused j'lour beetle and the arpnary weevil, (She'Dard, Lindgren, and Thomas, 78) AC3TIC aCID^ ...3^.C.^?T0-, a^.ST.-IC S^.LC: arsenic trithioglycolats gave 100-T5ercent control of the Colorado Dotato beetle when used as a dust v/ith talc at a concentration of 1:40, and very little foliage was eaten. As a dust with ta-lc at 1:10 it gave 100-TDercent control of the Mexican bean beetle, but while very little foliag? v;as eat3n, injury due to burning vras severe, ('^"y, 34) ACETIC iiCID, 1-^RCaPTO-, BA^IUl. SALT ^>. dust diluted 1:10 vrith talc gave no control of the Colorado potato beetle, all the foliage being eaten. The same concentration gave 55-r)ercent control of the i:exican bean beetle, but all the foliage vras consumed. (&uy, 34) HYDA;"T0IC aCID^ PK31TLTHI0- A dust diluted 1:9 with kaolin killed 40 percent o-^ silHrorms within 3 days. (Ginsburg and Cavallito, -7) OXALIC aCID, DITHIO-, DIZTKYL ZST2'R *i dust diluted 1:9 with kaolin showed no toxicity to silk'/zorms. (Ginsburg and Cavallito, 27) - 19 - THI0CAH50FIC aCID t)ZV.VrA1!Vn^ CAR30F DISULFIDE Used in the control of bot s ; larje stomach worms ( Habronema. muscae and K. microstoma ) , small stomach i^/orms ( Trichostrongylup axei ) ^ and lane round vrorns ( Ascaris equorum ) infecting the horse. (Robertr-;, 76) Used as a fumigant to control the cane grub. (Hungomery, 65) Fot very toxic to iiay beetle grubs. (Thalenhorst , 81) Fairly toxic to Tribolium confusum, T. castaneum , Sito-pr ilus granariT^, S_. oryza , Oryzaephilus surinampnsis , and Eruchus obtectue . (She-oard, Lindg^ren, and Thomas, TSl ./ith Pentacide gave very poor results against the souash bug. (311iot, 19) At atmospheric pressure with doses of 6 to 10 pounds -ner 1,000 cubic feet, and exposures of 8 to 24 hours, nearly all the cigarette beetles were Icilled without .affecting the flavor of the tobacco. Rela- tively high kills also were obtained with carbon disulfide-carbon dioxide mixture. (Crumb and Chamberlin, 13) Hmulsions of l/S ounce of carbon disulfide and, 1 gram of naiolitha- lene or 0.75 to 1 gram of p-dichlorobenzene v/ere effective against wirewor.is, and did not injure the -olants. Carbon disulfide alone injured the slants and did not cortrol the irireworms. o-Dichlorobenzene i^/as less effective in cottonseed-oil emulsion than in carbon disulfide emulsion. Carbon disulfide emulsion m.ade with a commercial sodium salt of a sulfonated diiohenyl compound a■p^^eared more effective than sul- fonated castor oil emulsions. Carbon disulfide-nanhthalene emulsion was more toxic against the onion thrips than nicotine sulfate at a concentra- tion of 1:500^ (PeToper, 7S) A mixture suitable for use as an animal din or a nlant spray, etc., is described. (U. S. Patent P,046,l?8) A ?, -percent spray in refined petroleum oil gave less tha.n ?5- r)ercent control of codling moth larvae. (McC-ovran, 59) So.nevrhat toxic against the young Carioocapsa larvae. (HcG-ovran,58) MUch less toxic to codling moth larvae than is methyl bromide. (Lindgren, 50) Carbon disulfide ernulsion in O.o5-percent strength, apr)lied at the rats of 1 quart to a square foot, ga-'^e good control of the overvrinter- ing larvae of the western rose curculio. (Hoerner, 40) The fujiiigation of fresh fruit, such as raspberries, blackberries, and blueberries, in an airtight room with 10 pounds per 1,000 cubic feet for 2 hours at 80°F. gave a complete kill of the Japanese beetle, bot? in baskets of fruits and in fruit exposed directly to the action of the vapor. (Osborn and Lipp, 70) - 50 - Tem-oorary control of the grass grub can be obtained by the use of carbon disulfide alone or in emulsion '-dth coal-tar distillate and crater. (Cottier, 13) Did not control the v/irevrorm (Lac on variabilis CandJ in sugarcane fields in central Queensland. (l.cDougall , 57) Inferior to chloropicrin in control of root-laiot nematode. (C-odfrey, ?9) The most effective fumigant against insects in stored corn. It is particularly suitable for bin fumigation, because the heavy vapors settle to the bottoui of the bin through the grain. (Farrar and Flint, 22) ■./hen used in large amoiints gave 100-percent mortality of the barn v/eevil on Phaseolus after 2 hours' fumigation. (Paykin and Goritzkaja, 71) 23 mg. per liter, produced 50-percent mortality of adults of the rice weevil in 5 hours, and 30 mg. per liter produced 100-percent mortality in the same time. In 24 hours the concentrations necessary for 50 and 100-percent mortality were, respectively, 9 and 15 mg. r)er liter. For the confused flour beetle the respective concentrations vrere 61 and 75 mg. ner liter in 5 hours and 15 and 19 mg. nev litsr in 24 hours. (Shepard and Lindgren, 77) An excellent means for exterminating vras"ns, as \-jell as hornets, (Gohler, 30) An apr)lication of 453 pounds r>ev acre of carbon disulfide was much less effective against nematodes tb-an v;as chloroDicrin at 202 pounds "oer acre. ('Jeller, Doane, Tovrnsend, and Lobdell, 68) An em.ulsion of eoual oarts of carbon disulfide and sulfonated castor oil in 1:100 dilution v/ith water i<;as found to be toxic to the garden centipede to a deroth of 3 inches, and in 1:60 dilution to a deT)th of 10 inches in the soil, (i-iiles and Cohen, 63) Sprayed on the soil at the rate of 30 gallons per acre and immediately lolowed in gave slight control of the nematode disease of potatoes caused by Anguillulina dir>saci and had a slight stimulating effect on the growth and vi^or of the rilants. (Edv/ards, 18) Killed Sclerotiiim rolfsii Sacc, on strawberries. (I'olan, 69) For combating insects such as the confused flour beetle, solid carbon dioxide is used vdth ethylene oxide, carbon disulfide, or other fumigants. Various examioles and operative details are given. (U. S. Patent 2,024,027) One of the most effective fumigants for destroying the differeiit stages of the Japanese beetle and a number of other insects. (Fleming and Baker, 24) - ?1 - Effective against the root-knot nematode on -Dotatoes, but is too exnensive for Use in large areas. (Cunningham, 14) Effective in ant control v/hen injected directly into their holes and runv/ays 4 (McDaniel, 53) A double compound of calcium chloride and carbon disulfide decom- posable by vater is used to fumigate closed snaces. (French Patent 767,044) A carbon disulfide emulsion is used against larvae of Fuller's rose beetle in the soil of commercial greenhouses. (Sroudy, 7) ■ Very effective against the garden centipede, (kichelbacher, 62) The gas showed no visible effect on citricola and black scales. (Pratt, Sv/ain, and Sldred, 73) A 60 percent emulsion of carbon disulfide diluted 1:60 with water failed to control Hylobius radicis 5uch. (Maxvrell and McLeod, 61) Carbon disulfide at 55 mg. ^^er liter gave a complete kill of the confused flour beetle in 5 hours. (Jones, 44) Carbon disulfide emulsion gave negative results against the pave- ment ant, ('/alker and Anderson, 85) THI0PK0SG3NS A com-oosition suitable for treating corn consists of thioiDhosgene to vrhich may be added carbon disulfide or carbon tetra.chloride . (French Patent 795,668) XA1TT^-"aT3S Alkali metal xanthates, such as sodium isoDropyl xanthate or the sodiuin xanthate from tertiary butyl alcoxiol, are formed by processes described in detail and may be used as insecticides. (U. S. Patent 2,037,437) The patentee claims substantially -oure xanthates of ali-ohatic primary monohydric alcohols containing from 6 to 15 carbon atoms. They are effective as insecticides, particularly those containing about 12 carbon atoms, e.g., dodecyl xanthate. (U. S. Patent "^,037,718) X^ii^^THATZS J UIiSaTUPaTZD Isobutenyl xanthate and the corresponding -oentenyl , hexenyl, heptenyl, and octenyl xanthates are produced by causing alcohols such as isobutenol, etc., to react with carbon disulfide and sodium, potassium, or ammonium hydroxide. The products are useful as insecticides, etc. (U. S. Patent 2,101,648) UBRARY OTATE PLAKT BOABP iilkali metal xanthates are formed "by causing an unsaturated secondary alcohol to react >;ith carbon disulfide and a basic metal hydrox- ide such as that of potassium. The products are suitable for insecticides. (U. S. Patent ?, 101, 649) XiiHTHIC ii-CID, OiiDihimi SALT A seed disinfectant comprises a cadmium comT^o\ind such as cadmium xanthate. (U. S. Patent 1,998,092) •Xal-JTHIG aCID, DODECYL EST2R An insecticide. (British Patent 436,327) XAHTHIC aGID, D0D3GYL-, FOTASSIUr-. SALT A 0.2 percent spray killed 99.6 percent of black chrysanthemum aphids. (U. S. Patent 2,030,093) XAITTHIG AG ID, M3THYL 3ST3R Fad an efficiency of 31.6 -percent against codling moth larvae when ar)T)lied in lO-nercent mixture with talc. (McAllister and Van Leeuvren, 51) XAiTTKIC ACID, I4ETHYL-, POTASS lUI'-: SALT This salt had an efficiency of 98.7 percent against codling moth larvae when used as an undiluted dust. (l^cAllister and Van Leeuwen, 51) aajTHIC aGID^ POTASSIIIi. S^iLT The vapor of potassium ethyl xanthate v;as lethal to larvae of Heterodera schachtii , cause of "potato sickness." Under controlled conditions the incidence of the larvae in soil was reduced by the addi- tion of ferric chloride 0.1, ferrous sulfate 0.1, Chinosol 0.05, or potassiun ethyl xanthate 0.05 gm. per 50 gm. of dry soil, the best re- sults being obtained with the last. (Hurst and Triffitt, 4?) Fairly toxic to the root-knot nematode. (Godfrey, 29) XAIITHIC ACID, SODIITk SALT An aqueous solution of sodixim ethyl xanthate is toxic to the aerial oarts of herbaceous plants. (Harvey, Zalar, and Landon, 37) THIOGYAi\[/iTDS AC-^TIC ACID, THIOGYAi'IO-, DI3THYLEND GLYCOL BUTYL ZTHUR 3STS?. Sligiitly toxic to Sclerotinia fructicola , Botrytis paeoniae , and P estalotia stellata. (v/ilcoxon and McCallan, 88) - 23 - ACETIC ACID, THIOCYAIIO-, hETKYL 3ST3R AMLIiC], THIOCYANO- Fairly toxic to Sclerotinia fructicola . ('iilcoxon and i^icCallarij 88) COPPEIl THIOCYaUaTS A dust diluted IjlO v/ith talc gave no control of the Colorado potato beetle and 70-percent control of the Mexican bean beetle; only i small portion of the foliage was eaten in both cases. (Guy, 24) Cop"oer sulfocyp.nid.e had a 38.9 percent efficiency i-rhen used as an undiluted dust against codling moth larvae. (kcAl lister and Van Leeuvfen, 51) O.S percent in refined f)etroleuin oil gave bet'-;een ^5 and 40 percent control of codling moth larvae. (McGovran, 59) Fairly toxic to codling moth larvae. (McC-ovran, 53) MERCURY THIOCYANAT^ 98 percent efficient as an undiluted dust ag.-innt codling moth larvae, (McAllister and Van Leeui"'an. 51) R3INECKATE, Ai-u^iOiaiTM A dust of 1 TDart of ammonium tetrathiocyanato diammino chromium to 10 parts of talc gave 100 i^ercent control of i^iexican bean beetles, 70 percent control of Colorado -notato beetles, and no -nlant injury. A 1 percent spray in water injured no T3lants and controlled 90 percent .of the i-iexican bean beetles. (G-uy, 34) RE I NEC KaTE , AURaw I 1";E One part of Auramine tetrathiocyanato diammino chromium to 50 parts of talc as a dust produced 50 -percent control of Mexican bean beetles, v;ith no plant injury, a dust of 1 part to 10 parts of talc controlled 100 percent of Colorado potato beetles and gave no plant injury, a spray at 1:100 in -/ater controlled 100 percent of Colorado potato beetles v/ith no plant injury, ''.''ery little foliage \vas eaten in any experiment. (G-uy, 34) REINECIL-iTS , CUPROUS A dust containing 1 part of cuprous tetrathiocyanato diammino chromium to ?0 parts of talc controlled 100 jiercent of kexican bean beetles and 100 r)ercent of Colorado potato beetles. A spray at 1:100 in water killed 40 percent of f-iexican bean beetles and 100 percent of Colorado potato beetles, "'o plants '-'ere injured pnd very little foliage vras eaten. (Guy, 34) - •54 HSIJECKAT^, OUAiaDH'IUis A dust of 1 "oart of Suanidine tetrathiocyanato ammino chromium to 50 parts of talc killed 70 percent of i-iexican bean "beetles and 40 percent of Colorado potato beetles. A spray at 1:100 in vrater killed 100 percent of r-xexican bean beetles, vrhile a s^Dray at 4 pounds "per 100 gallons of v/ater controlled 58 percent of codling moth larvae, i^'o plants v^fere injured and a small amount of foliage ^'^as eaten. (Guy, 34) lOT.^CKt^TZ , i-iETHYL VIOLET One part of methyl violet tetrathiocyanato diammino chromixim to 50 parts of talc as a dust killed 50 percent of Mexican bean beetles. A dust of 1:10 with talc killed 100 percent of Colorado ;ootato beetles, ■''ery little foliage vras eaten and no plants vrere injured. (Ouy, 34) RZ;ilI3CKA.TS, PIPSRIDIKIirw One part of piperidiniujn tetrathiocyanato diammino chromiu^r; to 30 T3arts of talc and also a spray at 1:500 in vrater killed 100 percent of riexican bean '"'eetleB. a dust at 1:10 and a srray nt 1:1000 killed 100 and 90 -oercent, respectively, of Colorado -ootato beetles, a s-nray at 4 pounds "oer 100 gallons killed 59 percent of codling moth larva^e. Particles of this comx)Ound coated v/ith ferrous oleate, ferrous oxide, and zinc oleate, and diluted with talc, exhibited about ths same toxicity to .-Mexican bean beetles as the "oure compound but caused do re serious plant injur:', -^t 1:100 it killed only 20 percent of Aphis rumicis . (5uy, 34) RHODaILvTES A proprietary rhodanate pre-naration vras unsuccessfully used at economic concentrations against the light-brov/n apple moth. (Evans, 20) SCDIUin THICCYi.FATS One percent of sodium sulfocyanide in re:^ined -petroleum oil gave less than ?5 percent control of codling moth larvae. (wcGovran, 59) Toxic to codling moth larvae. (kcGovran, 58) TIlIOCYAioiTES ^n antiphylloxeric product contains alkali or alkaline-earth thiocyanates 10 to 20 percent, alkali or alkaline-earth cyanides 5 to 10 percent, alkali or alkaline-earth sulfides 3 to 15 percent, ammonium sulfate 5 to 30 percent, and inert substance 40 to 60 percent. (French Patent 787,003) Tree bands impregnated v;ith organic thiocyanates were repellent to insect life in general, and caused considerable damage to the stems of apple trees. ( Green slade and i:assee, 31) - 25 - Alkyl or cycloalkyl thioc2'anctes. and isothiocyanates in v;hich the hydrocarbon radical has at least 6 car'oon atoms are obtained by the action of an alkali -metal salt of thiocyanic acid on an inorganic ester of a higher alcohol or by the action of cyanoj^en halide on the metal salt of a mercaotan; the products ars i.nsecticides and fungicides* The pre^oara- tion of lauryl thiocyanate by converting lauryl alcohol to the chloride and treating this with sodium thiocyanate in alcohol is described. (British Patent 451,064) The thiocyano derivatives of long-chain fatty alcohols were found particularly effective and satisfactory as insecticides against both blaci: and green chrysanthemum aphids, thrips, green peach aphids, and red spiders, ^i maximum insecticidal effect was found for those derivatives containing 12 carbon atoms. The normal, primary compounds v;ers used, as branch-chain thiocyanates were not promising. The 12-carbon homolog is safe on many kinds of plants in the proper disi^ersion medium. (Bousquet, Salzberg, and Dietz, 5) The patentee claims as an insecticide a com.position of matter comorising pyrethrum extract and Thioauinozole, v/ith or vathout methyl- pyrocatechuic aldehyde. "Thioauinozole" is a trade product, a thio- cyanate of the methoxynethylcyanoproTDionate group. (U. S. Patent 1,990,422) /I commercial alkj''! thiocyanate •nre'oaration v;as superior to the other insecticides v.sed in control of the Hexicftn and citrus mealybugs. (Feiswander, 67) Te tramp rium caespitum , a serious pest of egs-olants, vras controlled by a commercial thiocyanate pre-naratior . ( /alker and Anderson, 85) The increasing order of effectiveness of sprays against the k'exi- can mealybug was soap, nicotine, pyrethran, derris, organic thiocyanates, and kerosene emulsion (10 percent oil). Lauryl and other thiocyanates killed a high percentage of the eggs, and exerted considerable residual effect. (Fdchardson, 74) Insecticides suitable for oonibating flies ^ aphids, etc., comprise compounds such as alkyl thiocyanates and isothiocyanates derived from alkyl radicals such as 2-methylpentanyl-l, 4-methylhexanyl-l, octyl, ?,4-dimethylhexanyl-l, 2,6-dimethylhexan7l, nonyl, cetyl, ?,6-dimethyl- octanyl-1 , stearyl, oleyl, carnaubyl, melissyl, lauryl, sec-dodecanyl, 2,4,6-trimethyldecanyl-l, ?,4,6,8-tetramethyldecanyl-l, and radicals from paraffins up to, for instance, 24 carbon atoms. Such compounds can be used alone or with various licuid or solid vehicles or admixtures. (U. S. Patent 1,993,040) ^n aromatic thiocyanate the organic residue of v/hich contains a negative substituent com.prising a carbonyl grour), aryl radicsl, unsub- stituted organic radical, a nitro group, a halogen, a cyanide group, an alkyl group, or an organic radical bound to oxygen as in grou^is of the type of alkoxy and ester groutis, such as benzyl thiocyanate, p-thiocyano- dimethylaniline, or the like, is used as a vapor or s^oray ingrediert. (U. S. Patent 2,024,098) - 26 - Ali-ohatic thiocyanates killed cicada? in the laboratory, but burned the foliaf;e of young hickorj^ and oak trees. (ilcDaniel, 55) Loro is highly toxic to green apple aphids at the rate of three- fourths riint per 100 gallons of vrater. (Outright, 15) Loro as a spray at 1:400 vrith a s-oreader killed the potato lenf- hop-per by contact but had poor repelling properties. (KicDaniel, 54) Loro as a spray at 1:300 plus Penetrol at 1:200 failed to control Petrobia tritici (Sv/ing) . (Jones ond hecom, 45) The use of Loro against the citrus red mite was inconclusive. (Boyce, 6) Loro at 1:400 gave -poor control of Juniper webworms. a sulfated higher alcohol spreader was used at the rate of 6 ounces per IOC gallons. (Farleraan, 21) Loro at 1:400 v;ith the spreader ivreskap killed from to 10 percent of codling moth eggs. The spreader caused excessive run-off. (Kough and Jefferson, 41) Compounds suitable for use in aqueous emulsions on foliage or otherwise as insecticides or fungicides, with or without various other insect ooisons, comprise such esters as bis(beta-thiocyanoethyl) sebacave, bis(beta-thiocyanoethyl) succinate, beta-thiocyanoethyl thiocyanoacetate, glyceryl trithiocyanoacetate, bis(beta-thiocyanoethoxyethyl) phthalate, etc.; such acetals as bis(beta-thiocyaroethoxy)-methane, alpha, alpha- bis(beta-thiocyanoethoxyethyl)-pro"nane, etc.; ethers such as bis(beta- thiocyanoethyl) ether, alpha, beta-bis(beta-thiocyanoethoxymethoxy)- ethane ; and various types of polythiocyano compounds such as bis(beta- thiocyanoethyl) sulfide. (French Patents 810,521, 810,522; U. S. Patent 2,077,478) Insecticides comprise as active ingredients esters of carboxylic acids containing at least two thiocyano groups attached to different carbon atoms. (U. S. Patent 2,077,479) THIOCYaFIC .iCID, n-BUTYL EST'^R Had an efficiency of 45.9 percent against codling moth larvae when applied as a 10 percent mixture with talc. (incAllister and Van Leeuwen, 51) THIOCY^FIC aCID, CETYL 1.ST2R Of practically no value as a repellent or stomach poison a£:ainst the Japanese beetle at a concentration of 3 pounds per 100 gallons of ivater. (Fleming and Baker, 23) A 10 percent emulsion v;as toxic to the eggs of Anuraphis pomi and Psyllia mal i . (Kearns and nartin, 48) - 27 - THIOCYaIIIC acid, P-CHLOR03ENZOPH3NOF]: 3ST^ Thiocyano methyl p-chlorophenyl ketone v;as slightly toxic to Sclerotinia fructicola and Botrytis paeoniae . ( /ilcoxon and iicCallan^ 83) THIOCYAHIC ACID, 2-CHL0R03THYL .1:ST:i;R From 58 to 78 percent toxic to the ber-n aphid. ( /ilcoxon and Hartzell, 87) THIOCYAFIC ACID, 3-CHLOROPEOPYL 3ST71R Trimethylene chlorothiocyanate v;as 56 nercent toxic to the "bean aphid, (/ilcoxon and i^artzell, 87) THIOCYaI'IC ACID, D0D3CYL ZSTIR Fairly toxic to Sclerotinia fructicola , Botrytis paeoniae , and Pestalotia stellatfl_. (''ilcoxon and hcCallan, 88) Lauryl thiocyanate compared at eoual concentration of thiocyano group was more toxic than trimethylene thiocyanate to the bean a'ohid, but less toxic than rotenone. (Kartzell and Vilcoxon, 36) A process is described for ;':)roducing lauryl thiocyana,te in about 95 loercent yield. It has a boiling -point of 154-156° 2.5 mm. pressure, is insoluble in v;ater, soluble in alcohol, and toxic to lower forms of life. (Canadian Patent 354,650) Lauryl thiocyanate vras highly toxic to eggs of the ap-ple 8,T)hid and the apple-sucker. Under field conditions a combination spray of 0.4 percent lauryl thiocyanate and 5 percent petroleum oil gave a high degree of control of the apple aphid, and caused no injury to the a-.role trees. (Kearns and iWartin, 48) Good results against the lesser peach borer were obtained by the use of lauryl thiocyanate in either mineral oil or crude cottonseed oil at a concentration of one-half "oound to 2 quarts. (G-uy, 33) THIOCYrvriC ACID, 3THYL ZSTZR 49,8 -oercent efficient against codling moth larvae vrhen used as a 10 Toercent mixture with talc. (l-icAllister and 7an Leeuv/en, 51) TFIOCYxaTIC ACID GUAI^tIDI"'!!!!^'! SAL? f 98.7 -oercent efficient against codling moth larvae vrhen used as an undiluted dust. (McAllister and Van Leeuv/en, 51) THIOCYAFIC ACID, kSTHYL 3ST^R As a fumigant at a concentration of 7,3 mg. T5er liter this com- pound was 100 percent toxic to the California red scale. (Lathror), Cupt)les, Hiley, and Yust, 49) Tv/o percent of methyl 'tfattrcyanateLiixS^ v;ifh soluble pine oil controlled 99.8 percent of screwv/orms^ (Kc(^ovran, 60) The toxicity to • the confused flour beetle and the granary vreevil exceeded that of chloropicrin, and' aiDproachfed" that of hydrocyanic acid. (Shepard, Lindgren, and Thomas, 78) ' . Methyl thiocj^nate was the only one of 92 substances" exftmined , which increased the toxicity of hydrogen cyanide to citrus-infestinz scale insects, but when both were simultaneously a-nplied the citrus foliage v/as seriously injured. (Pratt, Svrair, and "Idred, 73) THIOCY.-.FIC ACID, MYP.ISTYL. 3STER A dust with talc at a concentration of 1:10 gave no control of the I-iexican bean beetle, and all the foliage was eaten. (Suy, 34) THIOCYAriC ACID, ST^JiRYL SST^J. Of practically no value as a repellent or stomach poison to the iKYL- .tn aaueous snray at a concentration of 1;"00 controlled 10 percent of the i-iexican be?^n beetles. All the foliage was er^ten. (Guy, 34) H,r • -3I[3-(p-T0LYL)-THI0UH3A] Di-p-tolylhydrazodithiodicarbonamide as 10 percent dust '-rith kaolin sho^/ed no toxicity to silk7''orins. (Ginsburg and Cavallito, 27) CARB0HYD"^aZID3 , 1 , 5-DI?in]iTYL-3-T"II0- A 10-percent dust "rith kaolin showed no toxicity to silk^-'orms, (Ginsburs and Cav-^'llito , 27) GUaIvIDIITE, ...^TKYL-, SVhy.-iT?. A 10 percent dust with kaolin showed no toxicity to silki^rorms . (Ginsburg and Cavallito, 27) IS0THI0UR^^, B.JiZYL-, HYDR0CK10RID3 A 10 percent dust v/ith kaolin showed no toxicity to sillo'/or.'^s . (Ginsbur^ and Cavallito, 27) SSi-iICaRBaZIDS, 1-(o-T0LY1)-3-THI0-, A 10 percent dust with kaolin shov/ed no toxicity to silkworms. (Ginsbur^ and Cavallito, 27) UR3K, I-aLLYI-2-THIO- A 10 percent dust v;ith kaolin shovred no toxicity to silk'-rorms. (Ginsbur^, and Cavallito, 27) UR-^A, l-C^0?0yYL-2-THI0-, A dust with talc at a concentration of 1:10 gave no control of the Colorado potato beetle, and all the foliage v;as eaten. (Guy, 34) URiyi, 1-DICVCL0H3XYL-2-THI0-, Showed no toxicity to either Myzus T^ oros us or the greenhouse red snider. (Kearns and Flint, 46) - .31 - URZA, DIPH^l^yYLTHlO- Thiocarbanilide as a durt witi: talc at a conc3ntr?tion of 1:10 gave 10 percent control of the Colorado potato beetle, nnd very little of the foliage l^;as eaten. (Guy, 34; Of -oractically no vflue as a repellent or stomach poisoii against the Japanese beetle at S Dounds ner 100 gallons of vrater. (Fleming? and Baker,' ''S) A 10 -oercent dust with kaolin killed "^0 "percent of silk^'/orms within 3 days. (Ginsbiirg and Cavallito, '^7) UE^i , l-(p-TrDR0XyPH^FYL)-2-TFI0- UR3A , 1-FaP^-T'^TL-^-TEIO - An aoueous snray at a concentration of 1:200 gave 10 percent control of the i-iexicnn bean beetle, and all the foliage ^'/as consumed. (Guy, 34) IIRZa, thio- ■Ihiourea and a copper salt are brought to reaction in water ^'rith or withovit arsenious or arsenic acic', and the -precipitate obtained is dried and powdered. It is used as im insecticide. (German Patent 627,144) UR3a, l-(o-TOLYL)-^-THIO- A 10 percent dust with kaolin killed 80 percent of silk"forms within 3 days. (Ginsburg and Cavallito, 27) URSA, l,3-(DI-o-T0LYL)-2-THI0- Had an efficiency of 36.1 percent against codling moth larvae, when used as an undiluted dust. (McAllister and Van Leeuwen, 51) V/ETTIFG AG^FIS 0L3IC ACID, SODIUM IS3:THI0FaT:^ 3:ST3R A Wrtting agent (Igepon). (Chapman and Dean, 9) SOAP, Al^a-iOFIUM SUXFO- A fair wetting agent for insecticides. (Batchelder, CHiestel and Turner, 3) An efficient spreading agent. (Batchelder and Ouestel, ?) SOAP, SODIUM SITLPO- ..n efficient spreading agent. (Batchelder and Questel, 2) - 35 - SULFATE, DIPE^TLBUTYL These are neutral, higlily efficient commercial '-etting agents (i^resket, Areskan, Aresklene) . (Heal, 38) SULFAT3, DODSCYL SODIUI'-i An efficient spreading agent. (Batchelder and Questel, 2; Satchelder, Questel, and Turner, 3) SULFATE, 0L2YL SODIUl^i One co:nponent of a commercial wetting agent. (Chapman and Dean, 9) SULFATES ^ ALKYL Salts of monoalkylated sulfates coming fror. secondary or tertiary alcohols containing 10 to ''0L-, SODIUM SALT This compound (Areskap) is useful as a i>'etting and adhesive agent. (Batchelder, Questel and Turner, 3; Turner, 83; Batchelder and 'C>ue?tel,2) SULFOl-^IC ACID BllRVrAims Three coir.r.ercial sodium salts of sulfonated diphenyl compounds were testec) for comriatibility vfith hard water and lead arsenate, for wetting and soreading proToerties, and for ^)lant tolerance and emulsifi- cation properties. All three compounds were com-natible with hard water. Plants tolerate them at dilutions of 1:400 or higher. One or another of these compounds is effective for the production of wettalb? sulfur, for stable i^etroleum oil emulsions containing 66 to 7*^ -oercent of oil, for a soreader in a tank-mixed nicotine-bentonite spray for the codling moth, and as a wetting agent in a derris spray. (Heol, Schmitt, and Ginsburg, 39; Pepper, 72) A "synthetic tanning agent" is prepared by sulfonating beta- naphthol and condensing the sulfonated product with formaldehyde; tiiis synthetic tanning agent is then caused to react v.'ith a heavy-metal oxide, such as mercuric, chromium, iron, copr^er, lead oxide, to form a product suitable for use as an insecticide or fungicide on plants, seeds, etc. (U. S. Patent 1,986,044) - 33 - SULFOi'IC ACIDS A mixture of a sulfonated higher alcohol and a sulfonic acid of an alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon is used to im-nrove insecticidal and fungicidal preparations. !5xarrmles are given of -preparations that contain sulfonated Lorol, diisopropylnanhthalene sulfonic acid, e}im arable, and china clay. (British Patent 439,615) SULFCFIC ACIDS, APYL- A I'/ashing, emulsifying, and vretting agent comprises essentially a chemical compound chosen from the class consisting of aryl sulfonic acids having nuclear hydrogen substituted by a polymerized olefin having from 6 to P.O carbon atoms in the polymer, together v;ith the alkali-metal salts of such nuclear substituted acids. (U. S. Patent 1,992,160) SULFOFIC aCIDS, SGDIiri-; Salt Claimed as a wetting agent noninjurious to plants at a dilution of 1:1500 (Ultrawet). (7/alker, 84) THIOCYAllaTSS, ALKYL Sulfonated Lorol and Lethalate are used as v/etting agents. (Kearns, Harsh, and I-'iartin, 47) wISCELLArlEOUS AkliOS COwTAli:ING SULFUR Sulfur compounds are made by causing a compound containing at least 1 nitrogen atom bearing at least 1 reactive hydrogen atom to react v/ith a compound of formula RSOgR' or RSOR' , v/here R is an alkenyl group (e.g., vinyl, allyl) and R' is an alkyl grouD containing at least six carbon atoms (e.g., octadecyl, an aryl or aralkyl group, or the radical of a polynuclear isocyclic or heterocyclic compound). These grou-ps or radicals may contain substituents such as halogens, ~I'Op> -OH, -COOH, or alkyl. Suitable nitrogen compounds are ammonia and various alkyl and aryl amines, vrhich may be substituted-. These sulfur compounds are useful in combating plant and animal -oests. (British Patent 44?, 525) METHAr^/JHIOL Trithiomethylene used as a 10 percent dust nith kaolin showed no toxicity to silkvrorms. (Ginsburg and Cavallito, ?7) Trithioformaldehyde was of -practically no value as a ret)ellent or stomach poison against the Jaiaanese beetle at a concentration of 3 pounds to 100 gallons of water. (Fleming and Baker, ?3) PHOSPHORIC aCID, DIIS0PR0PYLDITHI0-, CADhlUh SALT A seed disinfectant. (U. S. Patent 1,998,09?^) - 34 - PHOSPKOHIC a3ID, TEIC-, THIPHZNYI ZSTZR .-1 10 percent dust v/ith kaolin sho'/ed no toxicity to sillo'^orms. (Ginsbupi and Cavallito, 27) PHOSPEOrJC ACID, TRITHIOPHSI^IYL EST2R A 10 percent dust with kaolin showed no toxicity to sillc-'oms. (G-insbur^ and Cavallito, 27) THIOPHTHALIDZ A thiophthalide is claimed, ^rrherein at lefst 1 hydrogen atom is raiDlaced by an aromatic substituent, for exam-^le, a bis(o-carboxybenzyl) disulfide. The thiot)hthalides and the corres^tonding disulfic'es a-re useful as insecticides. (U. S. Patent 2,097,435) RIJFER-SITCSS The follc-'ing articles and patents have been consulted in compiling this list . Publications 1. Adarayan, L. E. Sulphonaphthenic acids. J^eft 7 (12): 28. 1936. 2. Batchelder, C. H., and Questel, D.D. Insecticidal treatment of early market sweet corn infested by the European corn borer ( Pyrausta nubilali s Hbn.). U. S. Dept . ^■■sr.. Bur. Znt. and Plant Cuar. Cir. 11-410. June,. 1937. 3. , C^uestel, D. D., and Turner, leely. lluropean corn borer investigations. Experiments with insecticides on early sv;eet corn. Conn. (State) ^^gr. Zxpt. Sta . Bui. 395: 273-285. 1957. 4. Beard, Eaimon L. lurther observations on the souash bug in Connecticut. Cor:"'. (State) .-.gr. 3xnt . Sta. 3ul . 383: 333-339. 1P36. 5. 3ousouet, Z. ■;., Salzberg, P. L., and Dietz, H. P. I"e'' contact insecticides from fatty alcohols. Indus, and 3ngin. Chem. 27: 1342-1344. 1935. - 35 - Boyce, ^, H. The citrus red mite Paratetrpnychus citri .icG-. in California, ai^d its control. Jour. ^con. ^nt . ^9: 1^5-130. 1936. Broud:;, ?'erinan Control exneriraents agaiist Fuller' s rose beetle ( Asynonychus godmani Crotch) on roses in commercial greenhouses. Jour, ■^con. ^nt. P8: P48-?49. 1935. Control niea-sures for the ^rbor vitae leaf miners, especially 7:ecurvia thujaella (Lepido"otera) . Jour. ^con. ^Int . 28: 397-398. 1935. 9. Chapman, ?. J., and Bean, R. W. Further studies of larvacides to control fruit tree leaf roller with specia-1 reference to lead arsenate and suTDnlements. Jour, ^con. 3nt. 28: 551-570. 1936. 10. Compton, C. C, and Ilearns, C, ./, Improved control of red spider on greenhouse crops vrith sulfur and cyclohexylamine derivatives. Jour. -Icon. Znt . 30: 51c-5?l. 1937. 11. Gory, Srnest i^ . , and Langford, George S. Sulphated alcohols in insecticides. Jour. Scon, "nt . 28: 257-260. 1935. 12. Cottier, ■/. The control of the grass grub ( Odontria zealandica) in small are?s. rew Zeal. Jour. Agr. 49: 3^1-330. 1934; 13. Crumb, S. 3., and Chamberlin, F. S. Laboratory tests on com-parative effectiveness of fumigants against cigarette beetle in cigars. Jour. ^.con. :^nt . 29: 963-992. 1935. 14. Cunningham, H. S. Root-knot nematode, Heterodera marioni , in relation to the lootato industry on Long Island. H. Y. State Agr . ^xpt. Sta. Bui. 667: 3-24. 1936. 15. Outright, C. R. ^ilxperiments in the control of orchard insects, 1936. Ohio State Hort. Soc. Proc. 1937: 48-57. - 36 - 16. Dotrf,- A. '3. . .■ , , Cattle spray tests/ Soari i5(4):97, 99, 101, 103. 1936. 17. Dozier, Hertert L. SodiUi,- leurvl sulfate as a contact sDr^y. . Jour. Econ. "iJnt . 30: 968. 1937. 18. -dvro.rds, 1. ^. The nematode disease of potatoes caused by x\.nf:u-',llulina dipsaci • Jour, ^elminthol. 14: 41-60. 1936. 19. 311iott, D. C. The squash bug in Connecticut. Corn. (State) As,t . Uxot . Sta. 3ul. 368: P.^4-231 . 1935. 20. :vans, J. ./, The li^ht brown apple moth ( Tortrix postvlttana .valker) . Tasraanian Jour. Agr. 8-, To. 3, sun., 18 pp. 1937. 21. Farlernan, k. G. An experiment for the control of Juniper webv/orms. Jour. 3con. Int". 29: 493. 1936. 22. ?arrar, k. D., and ITint, '^ . P. ■ • ■ Nevf materials tested for insects of stored grain. 111. Agr. ^xpt. Sta. Ann. RDt., 1933-34, p. 141. 19:^5. '■ 23. rieming, './. I]., and Baker, F. ^.. Stoiifch -Doisons and repellents for adtilt Jananepe be:^tle. U. S. Bur. 3nt. and Plant Ouar. Fevrs Letter "^.(11) :7. 1935. 24. and Baker, P. .^5. The use of carbon di sulphide against the Japanese beetle. H.S. Dept. ..gr. Tech. Bui. 478, 91 pp. 1935. 25. ?rost, S. './, Notes on summer cont'act sprays for peach. Jour. l]con. ^nt . -33: 196-197. 1935.' ' ' 26. Ginsburg, Joseph ii. letting agents fo.r old insecticides. Jour. '5con. 3nt . ?8: 224-228. 1935. ' - 37 - . S7. and Co.vallito, Ch<'ster J. xi^rsenical substitutes. II. Some r-=ilrtionshiDs betvreen molecular structure and toxicity of organic compounds to the silkv/orm, Bonibyx mori . Jour. 2con. 3nt . ?S: £56-859. 1936. 28. and Garnett, P.. . , Arsenical substitutes. I. Chemicals kosted as arsenical substi- tutes in 1934. Jour. Zcon. Znt..2B: 29P-?97'. 1935. V9. GodiYey,, u. H. "iJxneriments on the control of the root-]''not nematode in the field T-;ith chloronicrin and other chemicals. Phyto'-'atholocvy "^5: 67-90. 1935. 30. '3-ohler, H. ■ The control of i/asos. Kranke Pflanze 1?: 156-157. 1935. 31. C-reenslade, ?. i-;., and Kassee, a. M. Impregnation of tree-banding materials. II. Apple-blossom weevil and codling moth e:cperiments in 1935. Progress re^oort. Sast calling [Kent] Res.' Sta. Ann. Hpt. 1935: 177-I£3. 3?. C-uy, H. Ct. 33. 34. Thiuram sulfides as repellents to leaf- feeding insects. Jour n;con. 3nt. 29: 457. 1935. Control' of the lesser peach borer (. aegeria pictipes G. -1 K.) Trans. Peninsula Hort . Sec. [Del .^ Trans. 5 (1935); Del. State Bd. Agr. Quart Bui. 25: 86-"88.1936. Investigation of organic compounds as insecticides. Del. Agr. Sxpt. Sta. 3ul. 206 (Tech.'Eul. 19.), 60 pp. 1937. 35. and Schmitt, J. B. Re-oellents for the Ja-nanese beetle. Jour. "^con. "^nt . 30: 81-8P, 1937. 36. Hartzell, Albert, and Tilcoxon, Frank ChemiceLl and toxicological studies on organic thiocyanates, Boyce Thomioson Inst. Contrib. 7: 497-502. 1935. - 38 - 37. Harvey, R. B., Zalar, J., and Landon, H. H. Sodium ethyl xanthate as a plant poison. Science 84: 356. 1936. 38. Heal, R. S. Derris insecticides. VI. Slimmer control of ".uropean red mite on apple vrith derris and neutral wetting agents. Jour, llcon. Int. 29: 550. 1936. 39. , Schmitt, John 15., and Ginsburg, Jose-oh I-.. Studies of certain ne'-' ^retting agents and their application vrith insecticides and fungicides. Jour. "Tcor . /Int. ?9: 714-7'52. 1936. 40. Hoerner, John L. Western rose curculio, Rhynchites bicolor vackhami Ckl . Colo, iHxTDt. Sta. Bui. 43^: 3-19. 1936. 41. Hoiigh , /. S., and Jefferson, R. F. Tests of insecticidal efficiency of some contact sprays ag.^inst codling moth eggs. Jour. "^con. 3nt . ?9: 537. 1936. 42. Hurst, Richard H., and Triffitt, narjorie J. Control of "potato sickness" by the addition of certain chemicals to soil infected with Heterodera schachtii . Jour. Kelraintho. 13: 191-200. 1935. 43. Johnson, F. S., and Vallee, iirthur G-. Report of comparative studies of liquid insecticides. U. S. Liav. xned. Bui. 35: 303-509. 1937, 44. Jones, R. w. The toxicity of carbon dioxide-methyl formate mixtures to the confused flour beetle. Jour. Scon. 31nt . 28: 475-485. 1955. 45. Jones, S. 3., and i-iecom, 7. H. Fetrobia tritici (U'-'ing) on onions and its control. Jour. Hcor . Unt. 28: 650. 1935. 46. Kearns, C. ■/,, and Flint, 7. P. Contact insecticidal properties of various derivatives of cyclohexylamine. Jour. "^^con. lint. 30: 158-166. 1937. - 39 - 47. Kearns, H. G, H., Marsh, R. .! . , and iwartin, H. Combined washes. Protjreos leport II. Bristol Univ*, .i-rr . and Hort. Res. Sta. Ann. Ppt. 19o5. pp. 37-48. 48. and At:iTtir\ , H. Invest i(i'at ions on eg^-killing vrashes. The ovicidal properties of lauryl rhodanate. Bristol Univ., J.gr . and Fort. '".es. Sta, Ann. R-r,t., 1935; pp. 49-57. 49. LathroP, 7. H., Cupples, H. L., Filey, J., and Yust, H. R. Comparative toxicities of methyl thiocyanate and hydrocyanic acid to the California red scale. Jour. 3con. 3nt . 29: 410-41*^. 1936. . , . 50. Lindr,ren, D. L. wethyl "bromide foinigation of codling moth larvae. Jour. ?.co:a. Znt. 39: 1174-1175. 1935. 51. i^icAllister, L. C., Jr., and "'^in Leeuwen, S. R. Laboratory tests of various chemicals against the codling moth, Jour. Econ. 3nt . 25: 907-922. 1930. . 52. kcDaniel, 3. I. . . L eptocoris trivittatus Say killed by a sulfonated higher- alcohol spray. (Sci . note) Jour. Ijcon. jjnt . 29: 1176. 1935. 53. 54. 55. 56. int control in houses and on lawns, i^ich. State Col. Zxt . Bui. 165: 4 pp. 1936. Control of the potato leaf hopper, 3mpoasca fabae, on dahlia with flour, talc and infusorial e'^rth. Jour. "con. Hint. 29: 464. 1936. Sulfated higher alcohol to control scale insects on greenliouse plants. Jour. ~con. "^nt . 30: 337. 1937. Periodical cicada, Magic icada septendecim , control in Tichigan for 1936. wich. .-igr. 3xpt . Sta. Ouart . Bui. 19: 144-146. 1937. - 40 - 57. McDougall, '//. A. The wirev/orm pest and its control in central Queensland sn-gar- cane fields. Queensland A^r. Jour..42: 690-726. 1934. 58, McG-ovran, 3. R. Phvsiological and toxicological studies- on insects. (Thesis, ^ Iowa State College, 1934). Abstract in Iowa Stpte Col. 'jour. Sci. 9: 177-179. 1934. 59, 60. Laboratory tests with inmregnated oil as codling moth larvicides, Jo^rr. Icon. 2nt . '^9: 417-4-^0. 1936. Insecticides to control blowfly larvae in 'rounds. Jour. 3con. :^nt. 30: 876-879. 1937. 61. .axvrell, K. 3., and KcLeod, G. F. A Scotch -pine v/eevil , Hylobius radicis Buchanan. Jour. Scon. Znt. 30: 215-216. 1937. 62. i:ichelbacher, xv. 3. Control of the garden centiiDede in California. Jour. Scon. Unt . 30: 886-891. 1937. 63. .i-iiles, Herbert /., and Cohen, i-iorris. The glasshouse symphylid and its control. [G-t . Erit.] iiin. Agr. 42: 450-457. 1935. 64. i-.ontgooery, H. B. S., i-ioore, i^i. H., and Shav, H. Field trials iri 1935 of the fungicidal and -ohytocidal properties of certain new chemical preparations, llast f-:alling [Kent] Res. Sta. Ann.Rpt. 1935: 198-203. 65. i-iUngo!Tiery, R. /. The control of insect ^ests of sugar cane. Queensland Agr. Jour, 42: 2^2-2^9 . 1934. 66. iiurphy, D. F. Insecticidal activity of aliphatic thiocyanates . III. 'Red spiders and mites. Jour. :]con. Snt . 29: 606-611. 1936. - 41 - 67. iMeiswander, C. R. Control of tha two gre^nhouBe mealy tugs 4 Jour. "Jcon. ^nt . 2°,\ 405-410. ]935» 68. ?eller, J. R., Doane, a., Tovmsend, G. R., and Lobdell, R. N. Nematode investigations in the soils of the "Everglades. 71a. Agr. .::xpt. Sta., Ann. Rpt. 1933: 190-191; Ann. Rpt . 1934: 111-11?. 69. "olan, R. I. Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. on strav/berries, find the effect of certain chemicals on the sclerotia. Assoc. South. Ar-r. -Jorker?. Proc. 1933-56: 570-571. 70. Osburn, riax P., and Idi^i'), J. v'ra. Fumigption of fr3sh fruit to destroy the adult JaiDanese beetle. U. S. Deot. Arcv. Cir. 373, 33pp. 1935. 71. Paykin, D., and G-oritzJraja, 0. FuiniTation of the Phapeolus begins against /--canthoscelides obtectus Say. [Lenirgrrd] Inrt. Zashch. Hast. (Lenin .-i-cad. i.gr. Sci.,U.S.S.R., Inst. Plant Protect., Ho. 7: 83-90. (In English, 89). 1935. 72. Pep-oer, Bailey B. Control of v/ireworms and onion thrips by carbon disulphide carrying naphthalene and p-dichlorobenzene . Jour. i]con. 2nt. 30: 332-336. 1937. 73. Pratt, F. S., Swain, a. F., and "Idred,. D. N. Auxiliary gases for increasing the toxicity of hydrocyanic acid gas. II. Citrus-infesting scale insects as indices of toxicity. Jour. Scon. Z^nt . ?8: 975-9c3. 1935. 74. Richardson, Henry H. A -Drotress re^-jort on the insecticidal control of the kexican mealybug ( Phenococcus gossy^ ii T. 8: Ckll.) on greenhouse chrysanthemums. Jour. "^con. "ilnt . ?.?'. 3'^9-405. 1935. 75, The effectiveness of various derris and cube products for control of the red slider on greenhouse plants. Jour, ^con. Int. 28: 1076-1078. 1935. - 43 - 76. Roberts, F. H. S. Parasites of the horse. Queensland Agr . Jour. 4P: 473-489. 1934. 77. Shepard, Harold H-. , and Lindgren, David L. The relative efficiencies of some fumigants against the rice . v/eevil and the-eoniused flour beetle. Jour'. Scon. 3nt . 27: 84?-845. 1934. 78. T, Lindgren, D. L.,'and Thomas, 3. L. Relative toxicities of insect fumigp.rts. Kinn. Agr. "^xpt . Sta., Tech. 3ul. 1?0: 3-^3. 1937. 79. Smith, L. "5., Siegler, E. E., and Hunger, F. Potential new insecticides. Jour. 3con. 3nt . 29: 1027. 1936. 80. Steiner, H. B. Immediate and residual effects of certa^in insecticides on the white apple leafhopper. Jour. Zcon. Snt . 28: 385-388. 1935. 81. Thalenhorst, /alter. i'iustard oil (allyl isothiocyanate) as insecticide against i^-aj'-- beetle grubs. Anz. f. Schadlingsk. 13: 15-17. 1937. 82. Tisdale, .:. H. Higher alcohol sulphates as spreading agents for insecticides and fungicides are studied. Rev. i^ppl . iwycol. 14: 598. 1935. 83. Turner, Feely Insecticides to control the European corn borer. Conn. (State) A^r. Zxpt. Sta. Cir. 114: 75-76, 1936. 84. /alker, G. L. }''e\'! v/etting and spreading agent for spray materials. Jour. ::;con. 2nt. 30: 96^-967. 1937. 85. '/al]cer, Harry G., and Anderson, Lauren P. Control of the T)avement ant attacking egg-nlants. Jour. !5con. ::nt., 30: ;31 2-314. 193'^. 86. /eigel, C. A., and Richardson, Henry H. Proportion of sulfonated castor oil important factor in effec- tiveness of derris sprays against red spider. U. S. Bur. Ent. and Plant Quar . , Fe^s Letter 2'(ll):; 21. 1935. - 43 " 87. /ilcoxon, Frank, and Hartzell, albert. Further experiments on organic thiocyanates as insecticides, Boyce Thompson Inst. Contrib. 7: 29-S6. 1935. 88. and hcCallan, S. "3. A. Fungicidal action of organic thiocyanates, resorcinol derivatives, and other organic compounds. Boyce Thomr)son Inst. Contrib. 7: 333-339. 1935. ' I . British Patents 4^3,462 (Feb. 1, 1935). Disinfectants and plant protectives and process of ;oroducing them. Catharina 'Teidner. 436,051 (i-iar. 25, 1935). Insecticides and fungicides. 13. I. du Pont de IJeinours and Co. 428,542 (Hay 15, 1935). Insecticides, fungicides. Arthur G. v. Berry. 429,615 (June 4, 1935). Wetting out agents. Herbert L, Leech, Maurice Fitzgibbon, and Lunevale Products, Ltd. 431,064 (July 1, 1935). Organic cyanogen compounds. C-rasselli Chemical Co . 431,331 (July 1, 1935). Plant rust preventives. I. G. Farben- industrie a.-G. 436,327 (Sept. 30, 1935). Insecticides and fungicides. The.. Grasselli Chemical Co. 442,525 (Feb. 10, 1936). Organic sulphur compounds. I. G. Farbenindustrie A.-G. 444,501 (war. 23, 1936). Organic sulphur compounds. I. G. Farbenindustrie xi.-G. 457,119 ("MOV. 23, 1936). Sulphamic acid fluorides. I. G. Farben- industrie il.-G. 463, -.44 (Mar. 30, 1937). Salts of organic sulnhonic acids and acid sulnhates. Deutsche Fydrierwerke A.-G. Canadian Patents 354,650 (Dec. 10, 1935). Dodecyl thiocyanate. Paul L.,Salzberg and Euclid V/. Bousquet (to Canadian Industries, Ltd.) 357,959 (May 19, 1936). Insecticide. Stefan Goldschmidt and Karl Martin (to Ifpcd r>r ^^ - ^ ^ ^ - 44 - French Patents 767,044 (July 9, 1934). Pa.rasiticides . I* G» Farbenindustrie A. -5. 787,003 (Sept. 16, 1935). Antiphylloxeric product. Giovanni Calvi . 795,668 (l-iar. 19, 1936). Anti-oarasite . Carlo Pandaccio. 798,734 (way 25, 1936). Insecticides. California Spray Chemical Corporation. 303,509 (Oct. 2, 1936). Insecticides. I. G. Farbenindustrie A.-G. 804,545 (Oct. ?6, 1936). Insecticides, I. G. .Farbenindustrie A.-G. 805,750 (JTov. 27, :i.935) . Insecticides or fungicides. N. V. de Bataafsche Petroleu-ii i^iaatschanpij . 310.521 (war. 23, 1937). Insecticides. Rohm and "aas Co. 810.522 (i;ar. 23, 1937). Insecticides. Rohm and Haas Co. German Patent 627,144 (luar. 9, 1936). Insecticides for protecting plants. Hanno Gell3r (to Chem. ?ab. in Billv/a.rder vorm. Hell and Sthamer A.-G.) United States Patents 1,986,044 (Jan. 1, 1935). Process of producing fun£,"icides and insecticides. Viutorio Casaburi. l,936,2ie (Jan. 1, ITSo) . Insecticide and fungicide. Theron P. Remy (to Texas Co .) 1,990,42*3 (Feb. 5, 193o) . Insecticide. Robert C. Vhite. 1,992,160 (Feb. 19, 1935). .7etting, emulsifyin::, and washing agents. Charles a. Thomas (to Sharpies Solvents Co.) 1,993,040 (i-ar. 5, 1935). Parasiticide derived from higher alcohols. Paul L. Salzberg and ::h.iclid ''/. .'nousauet (to Grasselli Chemical Co.) 1,994,467 (i'.ar. 19, 1935), Salt of Dolyhydroxy amines with organic acids, and process for preparing same. Robert P. Flint and Paul L. Salzber^ (to S. I. du Pont de ITemouipS and Co.) - 45 - 1,995,?47 (har. 19, 1935). naterial for rer)elling insects. Berthold G. Haring (to Hermann ./. Karin^) . 1,997,918 (Apr. 16, 1935). .-.gents for destroying rusts on cultivated plants, and process of pre-oaring same. Adolf Steindorff, Hobert Kramer, Jilhelm Staudermann, and kichael "^.rlenbach (to ./inthro-o Chemical Co.) 1,998,09? (Apr. 16, 1935). Disinfectant for seed, ''^artkes i'ligrdichian (to Aii.erican Cyanamid Co.) ■^,006,456 (July ?., 1935). Manufacture of insecticides and fungicides. Joser)h H. James (to Clarence P. Byrnes, as tru.stee) . '^,011,765 (Aug. ?0, 1935). Insecticide and fungicide, and method of ;naking the same. Marcus T. Inman (to Clarence P. Byrnes, as trustee) . •^,0^4, 0P7 (Dec. 10, 1935). Pumigant . Richard T. Cotton and Harry D. Youn-r; (to C-overnment and the people of United States of America) . ?, 024, 093 (Dec. 10, 1935). Insecticide. Leon C. Heckert (to Hohra and Haas Co.) •',030,093 (Feb. 11, 1936). Parasiticides, Euclid 7/. Bousquet, George D. Graves, and Paul L. Salzberg (to Grassell Chemical Co.). 2,037,437 (.-ipr. 14, 1936). Xanthates. Ludv/ig Rosen stein (to ■Kmerican Cyanamid Co.). 2,037,718 (Apr. 21, 1936). Xanthates and method of making saioe. George D. Graves (to S. I, du Pont de Nemours and Co.). 2,045,925 (June 30, 1936). Insecticide and fungicide. Theron P. Remy (to Texas Co . ) , 2,046,128 (June 30, 1936). wethod of treating sulfur and product, Raymond C. xicQuiston (to i^iac Sulphur Corp.). 2,049,725 (Aug, 4, 1936). Insecticide. Lloyd E. Smith (to the free use of the public in the United States of America) . 2,067,532 (Jan. 12, 1937), nethod of treating a liauid mixture containing oxygen derivatives of hydrocarbons and -oroducts thereof. Joseph K. James (to C. P. Byrnes, as trustee). 2,075,295 (Kar. 30, 1937). lierca-ntan mixtures, Donald J. Loder (to Z. I. du Pont de Feraours and Co.) 2,077,478 (Apr. 20, 1937). Polythiocyano esters. Charles S. Hollander and Frederick S. Williams (to Rohm and Haas Co.). - 1+6 - 2,077,^79 (Apr. 20, 1937). Polythiocyr.no esters. Chr.rlos S. Hollr.nder r.r.d Willinn I. Hester (to E.ohr.i and Hr.as Co.) 2,077,960 (Apr. 20, 1937). Nicotine derivatives. Robert L. Sibley (to Monsanto Chonical Co.) 2,0SO,770 (May 18, 1937). Toxic agents. Stofrji Goldschi.iidt and Karl Martin (to Kcsslor Chonical Corp.) 2,097,435 (Nov. 2, 1937). Thiophthalidc and process of naking the sane. Paul R. Austin and Paul L. Salzboxg (to E. I. du Pont dc Honours and Co .) 2,092,759 (Nov. 9, 1937). Production of thio-ctlicrs. Walter Rcppe and Hanns Ufcr (to I. G. Farbcnindustrie A.-G.) 2,101,6Ug (Dec. 7, 1937). Process and product relrting to unsaturated xonthates. Herbert P. A. Groll (to Shell Dcvelopnent Co.) 2,101,6^+9 (Dec. 7, 1937). Xanthatcs of unsaturated secondary alcohols and process for their preparation. Herbert P. A. Groll (to Shell Dcvelopnent Co.) INDEX TO INSECTS, AND OTHER. SPECIES AGAINST V/HICH THESE COi^iPOTODS MESS, TESTED A nguillulina dip sac i (ncr.atode) , 20 Ants, 21 Anur aphis "-vor-.i ( syn . Aphis porii Dog.) 26. Sec a.lso Apple rphid. Aphid s, 25 Aphis ruriicis , 2k. Sec also Bern aphid. Apple aphid, 7, 8, 27. Sec also Anur aphis poni . Apple noth, light -brovn, 2h Apple sucker, 27. See also Psyllia ; :al i . Arborvitac leaf nincr, 7 Ascaris c quo run (ncnatode) , 19 Bean aphid, I7, 27, 28, 29. Sec also Aphi 5 rur.-.icis Bean weevil, 20. See also Bruchus obtectus . Bedbug, 6 Black blister beetle, 28, 29 Black crysanthenun aphid, 2, 22, 25 Black scale, 5, 8, 21 Botrytis paeoniao (fungus), 5, 16, 17, 22, 27, 28, 29 Boxelder bug, 7, S Bruchus obtectus (syn. of Acanthoscclidcs obtectus (Say))^ 19. See also Bean weevil. Cabbage aphid s, 7, 8 California red scale, 27 Cane grub , 19 C arpocapsa . See Codlin;-;; noth Cicada, 26 Cigarette beetle, 19 - U7 - Citricola scale, 5, 8, 21 Citrus mealytu^, 25, 29 Citrus red mite, 7, ^6 Citrus scale insects, 28 ' Citrus vrhitefly, 7 Codling moth, 5, 6, 7, S, 9, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 22, 2), 2U, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32 Colorado -ootato oeetle, 2, 3, 6, 10, 11, 12, lU, I5 , 16, 17, 18, 23, 2l+, 29, 30, 31 Common red spider, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 25, 29, 30 Confused flour "beetle, 18, 20, 21, 28. See also Triboliu ir. confusum Eriococcu s azaleae, 7 Suropean corn "borer, 32 European red mite, 6 Fall cankerworm, 28 Flies, 25 Fuller's rose "beetle, 21 Garden centipede, 20, 21 Granary weevil, 18, 28. See also S itophilus granarius . Grass gru"b, 20 Green apple aphid, 26 Green chrysanthemum aphid, 25 " .. Green peach aphid, 25. See also Myzue persico.e . Greenhouse ants, 7 Greenhouse red spider. See Comr.ion red spider. Ha"brone- aa micr ostoma (noma tod n) ,19 Hahronema muscae (nematode) , 19 Heterodera schachtii (nematode) ,22 Hornets, 20 ■ ' Horso "bots, I9 Hylo'Dius radicis Buch . , 21 Illinoia solanifolii . (syn. of Macro si phum ( Illinola ) solanifolii (Ashm.)), 7 • S<3e also Potato aphid. Insects in stored corn, 20 Japanese heetle, 2, 3, k, 10, 11, 12, 13,l6, 17, 19, 20,26, 23, 29, 31, 33 Juniper we"bvrorm, 26 L ac on v ariabilis Cand . , 1+ , 20 Lesser European bark "beetle, 2S, 29 Lesser peach "borer, 27 Long-tailed mealy"bug, 28, 29 • May "beetles, k, 19 Melolontha hip'oocastani , h Melon aTjhid, 28, 29 Mexican bean beetle, 2, "^, U, 6, 10, 11, 12, ik, I5, 16, 17,18, 23 2U, 25, 29, 30, 31 Mexican mealybug, 7, 8, 25 Mosquitoes, 7, 8 Moth, 6 Myzus persica e, 7- See also Green peach aphid. Myzus porosus Sand . , 5 , 3^ Nematodes, 20. Sec also species. Onion thrips, 19 Oryzaephilus surinamensis , I9 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA illlililllllllilllllllilliill 3 1262 09224 7500 -US- Pavement ant, 21. See also Tetr amorjijun Cacsoitum Pestalotia stollata (fungus), 5, 22, 27, 2S, 29 Petrobia trj.tici (Eviing) , 26 Potato aphjd, 28, 29. See also Illinoia solanifolii . Potato flea "beetle, 28, 29 Potato loafhopper, 7? 26 Psyllia mali, 26. See also Apple sucker. Red- legged grasshopper, 7, 8 Red spider mite. See Common red spider. Rice weevil, 20. See also Sitophilus oryza . Root-knot nematode, 20, 21, 22 Rose chafer, 28 Round v;orm, I9 Rust disease, 12 Sclerotinia fructicola (fungus), 5,l6, 17, 22, 23, 27, 28, 29 Sclcrotiun rolfsii Sacc, (fungus), 20 Screwworm, 28 Shield scale, 8 Silk^.;orm, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, H, 13, Id, 17, 18, 28, 29, 30, 3I, 33, 3^ Sitophilus granarius , 19 . See also Granary vreevil. Sitophilus oryza , 19- See also Rico weevil. Soft scale, 8 Sov;TD\ig3, 7 Squash hug, 6, 19 Stomach worms, 19 Stored-corn insects, 20 T etramorium caespitum , 25. See also Pavement ant. Thrips, 25 Tomato leaf mold, 29 Tree lice, k Triholium castaneum , 19 Triholium confusum, I9 . See also Confused flour beetle. Trichostrongylus a:cei (nciuatode) , 19 Vegetaole pests, 8 Vermin, 9 Wasps, 20 Western rose curculio, 19 White apple leaf hopper, 7 Wirevrorms, U, 19, 20