STA' April 1950 ^_796 United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Administration Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine PRELIMINARY TESTS OF PLANT MATERIALS AS INSECTICIDES By G. T. Bottger, Division of Control Investigations, and Martin Jacob son, l/ Division of Insecticide Investigations Reported herein are the results of toxicity tests with 197 plant materials which were started at the insecticide-testing laboratory of this Bureau at Sanford, Fla., and oontinued at Anaheim, Calif, The Division of Insecticide Investigations supplied most of the samples, which they either prepared or acquired from other sources. Most samples were tested against three or more species of insects; some of the most toxic materials were tested against as many as seven. The following species were used in the tests: Alder flea beetle (Altica ambiens (Lee.)) Armyworm (Cirphis unipuncta (Haw,)) Autographa oo Cr. Bean leaf roller (Urbanus proteus (L.)) Cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni (Hbn»)) Celery leaf tier (Phlyc taenia rubigalis (Guen.)) Cross-striped cabbageworm (Evergestis rimosalis (Guen.)) Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea (Drury)T"" Green dock beetle (Gastrophysa cyanea Melsh) Hawaiian beet webworm (Hymenia recurvalis (F.)) Imported cabbageworm (Pieris rapae (L. ) ) Large milkweed bug (Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dall.)) Melonworm (Diaphania hyalinata (L. )) Pea aphid (Macrosiphum pisi (Kltb.)) Pickleworm (Diaphania'nitidalis (Stoll)) Polka dot wasp moth (Syntomeida epilais (Walker)) Southern armyworm (Prodenia eridania (Cram.)) Southern beet webworm (Pachyzancla bipunctalis (F.)) Squash bug (Anasa tristis (Peg.)) Striped blister beetle (Epicauta vitata (F.)) Sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Sum.)) Two-spotted spider mite '(Tetraiiychus bimaculatus Harvey) Variegated cutworm (Peridroma margaritosa (Haw.)) Yellow-striped armyworm (Prodenia ornithogalli Guen.) 1/ M. C. Swingle, Clemence Levin, and A. P. Yerington assisted in making the biological tests. - 2 - - lant materials herein reported were dried, powdered, and tested as du3t3. Many of thai were an a the 3 and 00 LOU >tro shown i. lea. The dust was applied in a se ..amber to both sur; . : f boat Lant ^aves • the treated leaf sections were placed in a .arvae. La llcweed bag nym: squash bugs, and adult sweetpotato weevils 1- -8, and dusted by pla< . .ie diahee a of a set r. Aphids and mites wer t with tieir respective host plants. b were made after 2 3 days, and the mortality and estimated feeding recorded. >r comparative purposes tests were made with bar. DDT, derris, lead arsenate, lindane, bil £- saOKy)n , par- athion, and pyrethrum. Representative results ;e tests are shown in table 1. Data on 39 plant materials that caused greater than 75 percent mortality to one or more species of insects tested are presented I table 2. Of these materials the most t nes appear e Haplo- phyton cimicidum A. DC., 1 americana L., Piscidia er Sarg* (P. piscipula Sarg.), pyrethrum plus se? ~Tla seed ■ ioenocauion officinale • .) A.Gray , " " tree wood aod r - tives, and Yuc-a :-iojave::sis 3arg» Two o: a plants, ?! anise a a cana and Piscidia jiscipula, wore reported by Sievers et "a I . '~_ aa showing considerable insecticidal action against severaY apeci leaf-eating insects and mosquito larvae, and are listed 1 (2) as having possible insecticidal value. UcGovran et al.(_l) fou:. two specier •igeron and Hellopsis longlpes (A . ^ray) rlake (p- - leum ether extractives) were effectivo against the melonworm and that the latter was also toxic to squash bug nymphs. They also od tests showing that sprays containing extractives of He lr>p r i a 1 - are highly toxic to house flies Q/usca domestic* L.) an.: ." -».-:"•"• r mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti (L)). In table 3 are reported the mato rials that caused between 25 ft] 75 perce: -t.nl ity to one or more speoies of insects. Of thia ip the powdered roots of Delpliinium »p. was toxio to the st .85, while E bollidias- nan Nutt. caused over 50 peroo 'ity of fourth inal ^rs ? the . ra and the 1 rn beet wobworm. 0t: ?tive nelonw.ma were ^peciea of grig^ron, ?erula asaf oetida L. (asaf oetida) , barba*: root, .avanenae . , n ciaici •■ ill., Piacidia » ■ - 3 - Literature Cited (1) McGovran, E. R. , Bottger, G. T., Gersdorff, W. A., and Pales, J. H, 1947. Insecticidal action of Heliopsia longipes and Erigeron 8pj>. U. S. Bur. Ent. and Plant Quar. E-73^, 5 PP« /ProcessedT/ (2) Mclndoo, N. E. 19U5. Plants of possible insecticidal value. A review of the literature up to 19^+1 • U. S. Bureau Ent. and Plant Quar. E-66l, 286 pp. /processed_T/ (3) Sievers, A. F. , Archer, W. A., Moore, R. H., and McGovran, E. R. 1949. Insecticidal tests of plants from tropical America. Jour. Econ. Ent. U2: 5U9-55I. 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O o a a Q o J3 O .. '. « IO M :0 ■ to O CO a -j a :- O e» 0 u ■ CM C J CM CJ CJ 1 1 CM i j M CM CM .. CJ © o o « i -p P 49 4> ■t-> * .1 • j-j ■.. . s uc O u 4) O O ' - "0 i-< •a i-t ~ -a XS *+ -C ■•-• V <— i O <-« o O i-i o --H o - en a a t. O O O u^o 1 - * O O O Q •o -o "C fl T3 V • • • I, U o o O A O o I c I ^3 £> S) I fl o o * o u je -a -p £> &. E 4) C I O C . . i O a) •rt Q ^ * cot. U0 * l -c .. v U -: * - t to .1 -« .-( £ C « C V 2 o k I - 27 - Table 4. - Experimental materials that were found to be practically nontoxic, killing less than 25 percent of the insects against which they were tested Plant and part tested l/ Insect Amanita muscaria (L.) Pers. Cross-striped cabbageworm Hawaiian beet webworm Melonworm Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Rusby. , stems and leaves Anamirta cooculus (L.) Wight. and Am.: Berries 25^o dust of petroleum ether extractive 25/£ dust of ethyl ether extractive in Pyrax Cabbage looper Melonworm Southern armyworm Armyworm Pea aphid Two-spotted spider mite Armyworm Celery leaf tier Pea aphid Armyworm Celery leaf tier Pea aphid Apocynum cannabinum L.J Leaves Hawaiian beet webworm Melonworm Southern armyworm Twigs and stems Cabbage looper Cross-3triped cabbageworm Hawaiian beet webworm Southern armyworm Asclepias labriformis, L.J stems Melonworm Southern armyworm Striped blister beetle Bailleria barbasco H.B.K., roots Melonworm Southern armyworm Southern beet webworm Barbasco stems Cross-striped cabbageworm Melonworm Southern armyworm l/ Concentration 100 percent except where noted otherwise. - 28 - Table 4. - ( Jo::*-inued) Plant and part tostod l/ Iru° Barbaaco l ia emarjinata L., pods Cecrdpia sp. (iabauba) , leaves, dust coutai:. etroleum ether, ether, chloroform and ethanol extractives in talc Celastrua an .-ul iz us Kox. (L-12 , root bark Cela3tru3 an ulatus ilojc. (L-l-l), root bark Celastrua articulatus (L-124) , root bark lastrus scandens L., (L-127), root bark Celastrua scandens L. (L-123), root bark Celastrus scandons L., root Cicu- • r L. , • • r B I m a rayw . ra -nem beet webw — - Cross- abbag' Melonwora Southern araywora Cabta-e looper Melonwora Southern aray*:>r:i Hawaiian beet webwora Southern araywora m beet webwora m arnr/wora Southern beet webwora Sou - • ra Sou* *«-bwora rn arayora Sou*. ^eot webwora Hawaiian beet webwora ra Southern beet webwora -n beet webwora webwom ■ -.ul ia car 'i I rvi. '."~ I Ueloaw Sou' •>bwora -nwora araywora So . « - 29 - Table 4. - (Continued) Plant and part tested l/ Insect Dadonaea viscosum Jacq., leaves Dalea argyraea A.Gray Cross-striped cabbageworm Hawaiian beet webwona Southern armyworm Melonworm Southern armyworm Southern beet webworm Daubentonia druranondii Rydb., seeds Delphxnium sp., roots Derris scandens (Ro;cb.) Benth., roots Melonworm Striped blister beetle Autographs, oo Cross-striped cabbageworm Melonworm Southern armyworm Cabbage looper Cross-striped cabbageworm Hawaiian beet webwona Melonworm Erigeron rep ens A.Gray do. Southern armyworm Southern beet webworm Eupatorium compositifolium Walt. Eupatorium urticaefolium Reichard. Glottidjum vesicarium (Jacq.)Harper, seeds Gnaphalium leucocephalum A.Gray Cabbage looper Cross-striped cabbageworm Hawaiian beet webworm Southern armyworm Melonworm Southern armyworm Southern beet webworm Autographa oo Cabbage looper Cross- striped cabbageworm Melonworm Southern armywora do. Southern beet webworm . Plant and part tested _l/ Gutierrezia microcophala (D> kelonwona - -n beet •- r» Dunal: Lea vet Le^ , dust of ethanol extractive in Pyrax Roots, ;u3t of etn*nol extractive in Pyrax Heliopsis gracilis Nutt.: I ••'IV. s •' — Celvry leaf tier Pea aphid - \ aphid Two-spotted spider m. ./worn Celery leaf tier Pea apnid Two- spot ted spider nite rra Celery leaf tier Large milkweed bu£ Pea aphid Two- spotted spider mite :.< rres4 hi rol rm axtraotlvi lvus, ethanol extractive Roots, ethanol extractive Klower hoads, othiuiol •xfcnwtl^t .:"»ora Celery lea - Green dock beetle - - | otted spidor nit« ■ Cel ry leaf tier -x reetle Two-spotted spider mite Celery 1< t Two-spotted spider »- . Ce. ' tr Tw - ■ ted spidor Bite . ■ • i • ■ r Lar - 31 - Table 4, - (Continued) Plant and part tested \J Insect Heliopsis parvifolia Gray: Leases Roots Roots, ethanol extractive Stems, ethanol extractive Indigofera suffruticosa Mill,: Seeds Stems Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville (creosote bush)i root Lupinus angustifolius L«, seeds Melia azedarach L., (chinaberry): Bark, 12,5$ dust of the petroleum ether extractive in Pyrax Bark, 20fo dust of the ethyl ether extractive in Pyrax Bark, 25/£ dust of the chloroform extractive in Pyrax Armyworm Celery leaf tier Two- spotted spider mite Armyworm Celery leaf tier Two-3potted spider mite Armyworm Celery leaf tier Green dock beetle Two-spotted spider mite Armyworm Celery leaf tier Green dock beetle Two-spotted spider mite Melonworm Southern armyworm Melonworm Southern armyworm Hawaiian beet webworm Melonworm Southern army.vorm Southern beet webworm Army/vorm Celery leaf tier Pea aphid Armyworm Celery leaf tier Pea aphid Two-spotted spider mite Armyworm Celery leaf tier Pea aphid Two-spotted spider mite - 32 - .6 4. - (Continued) Plant ■- irt tested \J La axed«rach L., (chinab.. :-. ares, 10,1 dust 9 petroleum eth< extractive Leaves, 2. suaol e I in PyTax Leave, , dust of crystals ; - , ... -aia orenosensia H . B . , Hoots .yrhizus erosus L.s leds, 10^3 petroleum ether extractive talc Seeds, 25,9 ether extractive in talc Seed3, It* - ter extractive in * ale . 3 seed P ine Ilia tj-rnata . . , root . a cartha^wnonsls Jar . , rk -A . . • - Cel Pea .dor a ^elery ler_ - ra Pea ider r. Southern armywom Striped dieter beetle Picklewora Southern armywora do. Lieloawora Sou . vrrayworm Yellow-st ri: ed • liian beet webwora So- ^•^t wetmorm - m arajrwora ra B««a 1" ' ra ■ - 33 - Table 4. - (Continued) Plant and part tested l/ Inseot Polygonum punctatum Ell. Bean leaf roller Melonwona Southern anayworm Southern beet webworm Polygonum spp. Populus candlcans Ait., buds, 25^ dust of ethyl ether extractive in Pyrax Psilostrophe gnaphalodes DC. Pycnothymus rigidus (Bart.) Small Ratibida columnaris (Sims.) D.Don Melonworm Southern armyworm Southern beet webworm Armyworm Celery leaf tier Pea aphid Two-spotted spider mite Melonworm Southern armyworm Southern beet webworm Melonworm Southern armyworm Striped blister beetle Melonwom Southern armyworm Southern beet webworm Rauwolfia hirsuta Jacq., leaves and stems 10}i dust of combined petroleum ether, ether, chloroform and ethanol extractives in talc Melonworm Southern armyworm Southern beet webworm Scilla thunbergii Miyabe and Kudo, root Sequoia aempervirens Endl.,( redwood) bark, Zbc/i dust of ethanol extractive in Pyrax "SinacaMwood, 1C% dust of separation from ethanol extractive Southern armyworm Southern beet webworm Armyworm Celery leaf tier Pea aphid Two- spotted spider mite Bean leaf roller l.Ielonworm Southern armyworm Southern beet webworm Smilax spp., roots Cabbage looper Melonworm Southern armyworm - Tcble 4. - .inued) Plaj.* i&d part tooted 1 eot 8 lanua torreyi ray 1' 1 ::..•' ~. South e rn a mywo — Coir t webwoi hora ai'finis T. and Gr.: Ber. .-.rr .', ra Celery le- Pea aphid duct of ethanol extractive Pyrax rsn Celery leaf I - Berries, 25/- dust of c pet role . ether, ethyl ether and chloroform extrac- ts in Pyrax Sophora secur. iif lora(Grt. )Lag> (Coral be' it of petroleum ether extractive Celery leaf I Araywon Ce^ Fea ap: T*^ - I ed spider il- 25/j dust of ethaiiol extractive Lz ra. Celery ler ■■ Two-s. r roite h texaiia Johnstons cry I- ■ r aphid Southern anaywont Southern b eet webwor» Aerial portion ia la: . Stam: . , Sou Molonwora ~n b«»ot wbwora ^•lirji vir • , at 'r«bwcr» - 35 - Table 4, - (Continued) Plant and part tested l/ Insect Viguiera dentata (Cav.) Spreng,: Root Leaves Stems Willardla mexicana (Wats*) Rose: Bark Wood Zanthoxylum clava-he rculi s L« , bark, 25/o dust of the combined successive ethyl ether, chloroform and ethanol extractives in Pyrax Amyworm Celery leaf tier Two- spotted spider mite Armyworm Celery leaf tier Two- spotted spider mite Amyworm Celery leaf tier Two-spotted spider mite Autographa oo Cross-striped cabbageworm Melonworm Southern armyworm Autographa oo Cross-striped cabbageworm Southern armyworm Armyworm Celery leaf tier Pea aphid 3 1262 09239 K>43