/^ ^ ? • Vy;l ; / Z 
 
 Todaeco 
 
 INSPECTION • MARKET NEW 
 
 AND DEMONSTRATION SERVICE 
 
 UNIV. OF FL Lli. 
 
 pecyii£i!!I8J2£Pi 
 
 U.S. REPOWTOWY 
 
 Type 31 
 BURLEY 
 
 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
 CONSUMER AND MARKETING SERVICE 
 TOBACCO DIVISION 
 
 C & MS-1 2 
 (Formerly AMS 78) 
 
 Revised MAY 1965 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Text : Page 
 
 Introductory 3 
 
 Inspection service — 7 
 
 Market news service 15 
 
 Demonstration service 19 
 
 Summary 20 
 
 Illustrations : 
 
 Brief classification of leaf tobacco 4 
 
 Map of auction markets and producing areas 5 
 
 Map of cigar-leaf growing districts 6 
 
 Tobacco plant 8 
 
 Classification, type 31 12 
 
 Summary of standard grades 13 
 
 Burley markets 14 
 
 Warehouse ticket 16 
 
 Sample price report 17 
 
 Price report (reverse) 18 
 
 Cover illustrations : 
 
 1. A Federal tobacco inspector, working in a Lexington warehouse. 
 
 2. Kentucky farm woman who has been raising tobacco for 45 years 
 compares USDA tobacco market price report with a newspaper report. 
 
 3. A Federal tobacco Inspector demonstrating the proper sorting and 
 preparation of tobacco for market. 
 
 This publication last issued in March 1964 by the Agricultural 
 Marketing Service. Revised May 1965 by the Consumer and Market- 
 ing Service. The name of the Agricultural Marketing Service was 
 changed to Consumer and Marketing Service effective February 8, 
 1965. 
 
TOBACCO INSPECTION, MARKET NEWS, AND DEMONSTRATION SERVICES 
 
 Class 3(a) - Light air- cured 
 Type 31 - Burley 
 
 Inspection of tobacco according to standard grades as an aid to growers 
 in marketing their crop began in the United States Department of Agriculture 
 in 1929. In August 1935, The Tobacco Inspection Act became law. This act 
 offered growers free and mandatory inspection on tobacco auction markets where 
 it was desired. That is, the growers might request a referendum be held on a 
 market or group of markets, and if two- thirds of the voters favored inspection, 
 those markets would then be designated by the Secretary of Agriculture for 
 free and mandatory inspection. 
 
 In 1936, growers, recognizing the benefits of the inspection service, 
 began requesting it for their respective markets, and by 1940, it had spread 
 to almost one-half of the auction markets in the Burley area. In October 
 1941, a general referendum was held and passed covering the remaining markets, 
 and beginning with the season of 1941-42, all Burley markets (located in 
 Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, 
 and Missouri) have had free and mandatory Inspection service. 
 
 The purposes of the Inspection and market news services are readily 
 understood by every farmer who has sold a split lot of tobacco for two widely 
 different prices, or has rejected a bid and resold the same tobacco, on the 
 same day, on the same warehouse floor, for possibly several dollars above the 
 first price offered. Every tobacco grower knows there is much uncertainty 
 about the price any basket of tobacco will bring, and that there Is a wide 
 range In the prices paid for lots of tobacco of the same quality. 
 
 Inspection and market news services, based on Government standard grades, 
 have been developed to provide a measuring stick and price guide to the grower. 
 Prior to the sale, a trained Inspector examines each basket of tobacco and 
 certifies it as to grade 1^/. The market price reports, furnished by the 
 market news service, cooperating in scsne Instances with State agencies, give 
 the grower the current average price paid and support price for each specific 
 grade. With this Information he can determine whether his tobacco is selling 
 in line with current prices, and Is enabled to make an Intelligent decision, 
 whether to reject a bid, sell, or accept a price- support loan. 
 
 The Government through its lending agencies offers non- recourse loans on 
 crops for which marketing quotas have been approved by growers. These are 
 made through cooperative associations or other responsible organizations. 
 They place a support price on each basket of growers' tobacco that Is in sound 
 and merchantable condition. The Government standard grades, determined by 
 authorized Inspectors , are the bases for the loans . 
 
 1/ Packed and processed tobacco is also Inspected and grade certified upon 
 application by Interested parties. 
 
 - 3 - 
 
BRIEF CLASSIFICATION OF LEAF TOBACCO 
 
 (Covering classes and types) 
 
 CLASS 1, FLUE -CURED TYPES 
 
 Type 11: Old Belt flue-cured; produced principally in 
 the Piedmont sections of Virginia and North 
 Carolina. 
 
 Type 12: Eastern North Carolina flue-cured; produced 
 principally in the coastal sections of North 
 Carolina, north of the South River. 
 
 Type 13: South Carolina flue-cured; produced princi- 
 pally in the coastal sections of South Carolina and 
 the southeastern counties of North Carolina, south 
 of the South River. 
 
 Type 14; Georgia and Florida flue-cured; produced 
 principally in southern Georgia and northern 
 Florida. 
 
 CLASS 2, FIRE -CURED TYPES 
 
 Type 21: Virginia fire-cured; produced in the Pied- 
 mont and mountain sections of Virginia. 
 
 Type 22: Tennessee-Kentucky fire-cured, eastern 
 district, Clarksville, Springfield, and Hopkins- 
 ville; produced principally in a section east of 
 the Tennessee River, in southern Kentucky and 
 northern Tennessee. 
 
 Type 23: Kentucky-Tennessee fire-cured, western 
 district, Mayfield, and Murray; produced princi- 
 pally in a section between the Tennessee, OhiOj 
 and Mississippi rivers in western Kentucky and 
 northwestern Tennessee. 
 
 CLASS 3, AIR -CURED TYPES 
 
 LIGHT AIR-CURED (CLASS 3a) 
 
 Type 31: Burley; produced principally in Kentucky, 
 Tennessee, Ohio, Indiana, West Virginia, 
 Virginia, North Carolina, and Missouri. 
 
 Type 32: Southern Maryland; produced principally in 
 five counties of southern Maryland--Prince 
 Georges, Anne Arundel, Calvert, Charles, 
 and St. Marys. 
 
 DARK AIR-CURED (CLASS 3b) 
 
 Type 35: One Sucker; produced in north-central 
 
 Tennessee and south-central Kentucky. 
 Type 36: Green River; produced in the northern part 
 
 of Kentucky in the territory adjacent to Owens- 
 
 boro and Henderson. 
 Type 37: Virginia sun-cured; produced principally 
 
 in central Virginia, north of the James River. 
 
 CLASS 4, CIGAR-FILLER TYPES 
 
 Type 41: Pennsylvania Seedleaf; produced principally 
 
 in Lancaster County, Pa. , and the adjoining 
 
 counties. 
 Type 42-44: Ohio filler; produced principally in the 
 
 Miami Valley section of Ohio and extending into 
 
 Indiana. 
 Type 46: Puerto Rican sun-grown, including primed 
 (Deshojado) and stalk-cut (Mata); produced on the 
 
 Island of Puerto Rico 
 
 CLASS 5, CIGAR-BINDER TYPES 
 
 Type 51: Connecticut Broadleaf; produced in the Con- 
 necticut Valley sections of Connecticut and 
 Massachusetts . 
 
 Type 52: Connecticut Havana Seed; produced in the 
 Connecticut and Housatonic Valley sections of 
 Connecticut and Massachusetts. 
 
 Type 53: New York and Pennsylvania Havana Seed; 
 produced in the Big Flats and Onondaga sections 
 of New York, and extending into Pennsylvania. 
 
 Type 54: Southern Wisconsin; produced in Wisconsin, 
 south and east of the Wisconsin River. 
 
 Type 55; Northern Wisconsin; produced in Wisconsin, 
 north and west of the Wisconsin River, and in 
 eastern Minnesota. 
 
 CLASS 6, CIGAR-WRAPPER TYPES 
 
 Type 6i: Connecticut Shade; produced in the Con- 
 necticut Valley sections of Connecticut and 
 Massachusetts . 
 
 Type 62: Georgia and Florida Shade; produced in 
 southwestern Georgia and north-central Florida. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS TYPES OF 
 DOMESTIC TOBACCO 
 
 Type 72: Louisiana Perique. 
 
 Type 73: All domestic types of tobacco not otherwise 
 classified. 
 
 FOREIGN TYPES 
 
 Type 81; Cuba. 
 
 Type 82: Indonesia. 
 
 Type 83: Philippine Islands, 
 
 Type 84; Brazil. 
 
 Type 85: Colombia. 
 
 Type 86: Dominican Republic. 
 
 Type 87: Paraguay. 
 
 Type 88: All foreign-grown cigar-leaf not otherwise 
 
 classified. 
 Type 90: Foreign-grown cigarette and smoking 
 
 tobacco (Turkish and other). 
 
TOBACCO 
 
 AUCTION MARKETS AND PRODUCING AREAS 
 
 (cigar leaf producing areas noi shown) 
 
 KANSAS 
 
 MISSOURI 
 
 3U 
 
 U S, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
 
 MARKETS THAT SELL TWO Ofl MONC 
 
 bussellville. kt 
 owensboro, ny 
 
 hopkinsville, my 
 
 ri AOtfC VII I r TFH 
 
 rs Of BurERS' 
 
 10 NEW Aua 
 
 WAYFIELD AND PAOUCAH, KT 
 COLUMBIA AND MT PLEASANT, TENN 
 )DWLING GflEE*., CRANKLlN. AND 
 IUSSELLViLlE . KV (IN ADDITION r( 
 
 .PULL SET A* "-■'■■■-- -"- 
 
 ATHENS AND 
 
 BERS (1- 37 
 
 
 
 e TYPES: 
 
 
 
 TYPES 
 
 3. AMD 
 
 ^•^ 
 
 TYPES 
 
 31 AND 
 
 36 
 
 TTPE» 
 
 22 AND 
 
 31 
 
 TYPES 
 
 22 AND 3t 
 
 TYPES £f. 
 
 31, AMO 
 
 IS 
 
 TYPES Zi. 
 
 .1, ANO 
 
 ^r> 
 
 TYPES is AND 
 
 51 
 
 TYPES 
 
 . ANO 
 
 31 
 
 .,,.G CREEN 
 »ATER. TENN 
 
 TYPE S9 
 
 FRANKLIN, R USSELLVILLE , MAYFIELD. ANO 
 
 HUBHAY. ",'. AMD iPHINCFlELO, lENN. 
 
 2 SETS 
 
 2 SETS 
 
 IN Flue-cured, * few markets are included in 
 ONE type grouping on the basis of opemimg 
 
 DATE BUT ARE LOCATED IN ANOTHER TYPE AR| 
 
 DATE BUT ARE LOCATED IN ANOTHER TYPE AREi 
 
 ALL MARKETS ARE OFFICIALLY INSPECTED 
 IBALTIMORE IS NOT AN AUCTION CENTER. IT IS A 
 HOGSHEAD MARKET) 
 
 SMALL NUMBERS WiT 
 OF SETS OF BUYEI 
 
 CIRCLES REPRESEN 
 
 NEG C&MS 2-65(2) CONSUMER AND MARKETING SERVICE 
 
TOBACCO 
 
 CIGAR -LEAF GROWING DISTRIQS OF THE UNITED STATES 
 
 ^^ 
 
 \ ;S5 
 
 ■V^i-° 
 
 m- 
 
 i&- 
 
 3'i^i 
 
 ,-M-' 
 
 ' p <« 
 
 Vc01!!t 
 
 #^ 
 
 lifK 
 
 \ 
 
 .^ 
 
 TYPE 46, PUERTO RICAN CIGAR FILLER 
 
 o 
 
 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT 
 OF AGRICULTURE 
 
 CONIUMEB »MOU*H«ETINC SERVICE 
 T0MCC9 DIVISXM 
 
 CIGAR-FILLER TYPES 
 TYPE CLASS 4 
 
 |42-44lOhl.» /iller 
 [46] Pu»rioltK">c'fr/ill*r 
 
 CIGAR-BINDER TYPES 
 
 TYPE CLASS 5 
 
 [ 51 I Cbnnvelicui fi'o*dW«/ 
 
 [54) ^auiMarn tVi»<onun 
 I 55] Norintrn Wiiconiin 
 
 CIGAR-WRAPPER TYPES 
 
 TYPE CLASS 6 
 
 [STI Ccn»««irt«( V«lrty thta* tnwn 
 
 E<ch Eyabol repre»ent» 100 •ere« 
 <19S9 h«rve»tcd «cre«g"l 
 
 U, 5 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
 
 NEG. C&MS 34-65(3) CONSUMER AND MARKETING SERVICE 
 
The Tobacco Inspection Act provides for three related services: 
 Inspection, market news, and demonstration. 
 
 INSPECTION SERVICE ; The inspection is done by highly trained specialists 
 in tobacco judging, who have taken training courses and passed tests to quali- 
 fy them for this type of work. They precede the auction sale and certify each 
 basket as to grade, according to Federal standards. This grade is, in reali- 
 ty, a description of each basket of tobacco as to group, quality, and color. 
 Grades can be readily understood by the grower, if he is given a little in- 
 struction in their application. 
 
 Class : The first and major division of tobacco is class . It is based on 
 characteristics caused by varieties, soils, or climatic conditions, or by the 
 method of cultivation, harvesting, or curing. \/ 
 
 Type ; Each class is subdivided into types . A type is a division of a 
 class of tobacco having certain common characteristics and closely related 
 grades . 
 
 Grade ; The next subdivision breaks down each type into grades . A grade 
 is a subdivision of a type according to group , quality , and color . 
 
 (a) Group : The first and basic factor of a grade is group , a di- 
 vision of a type covering closely related grades based on certain character- 
 istics which are related to stalk position, body, or the general quality of 
 the tobacco. Groups in Burley are; Flyings (X) , Lugs or Cutters (C) , Leaf 
 (B) , Tips (T) , Mixed (M) , Nondescript (N) , and Scrap (S) . 
 
 Flyings (X) . This group consists of leaves normally grown at the bottom 
 of the stalk. These leaves are flat and open-faced and have a blunt or 
 oblate tip. Compared with other groups on the stalk,- Flyings consist of 
 relatively thin to tissuey leaves which show the highest degree of maturity 
 and the most open leaf structure. Flyings show a material amount of injury 
 characteristic of leaves grown near the ground. 
 
 Lugs or Cutters (C) . This group consists of leaves normally grown at the 
 midportion of the stalk. Cured leaves from this stalk position have a tenden- 
 cy to roll, concealing the stem or midrib. Lugs or Cutters have an oblate to 
 rounded tip and are usually thin to medium in body. The leaves are spready 
 in relation to their length and show little or no ground injury. 
 
 1/ See Brief Classification of leaf tobacco, page 4. 
 
 7 - 
 
BURLEY TOBACCO PLANT 
 
 S LEAF 
 
 LUGS 
 
 FLYINGS 
 
 - 8 - 
 
Leaf (B) . This group consists of leaves normally grown above the 
 midpoint of the stalk. Cured leaves from the upper stalk position have a 
 tendency to fold, concealing the face of the leaf and exposing the stem or 
 midrib. These leaves have a pointed tip and generally are medium to heavy in 
 body. They are narrower in relation to their length than corresponding 
 qualities of the C group. 
 
 Tips (T) This group consists of leaves usually grown at the top of the 
 stalk. These relatively narrow and sharp- pointed leaves have the general 
 characteristics of B- group tobacco. Tips have a slightly lower degree of 
 maturity and leaf structure than other leaves on the stalk. 
 
 Mixed (M) . This group consists of tobacco of distinctly different 
 groups which are mixed together in various combinations. 
 
 Nondescript (N) . Extremely common tobacco which does not meet the mini- 
 mum specifications or which exceeds the tolerance of the lowest grade of any 
 other group. 
 
 Scrap (S) . A by-product of unstemmed and stemmed tobacco. Scrap ac- 
 cumulates from handling tobacco in farm buildings, warehouses, packing and 
 conditioning plants, and steiraneries. 
 
 (b) Quality : The second factor of a grade is quality , a division of 
 a group based on the relative degree of one or more elements of quality in 
 tobacco. The five degrees of quality in Burley are: Choice (1), Fine (2), 
 Good (3) , Fair (4) , and Low (5) . 
 
 (c) Color : The third factor of a grade is color , and is expressed in 
 degrees of visual difference related to a scale of values that are common to 
 the type. The terms used to describe color in Burley are: Buff (L) , Tan (F) , 
 Tannish Red (FR) , Red (R) , Dark Red (D) , Variegated (K) , Mixed (M) , Greenish 
 (V) , Greenish Tan (VF) , Greenigh Red (VR) , Green (G) , Green Tan (GF) , and 
 Green Red (GR) . 
 
 In addition to the above three main factors, if the tobacco is in unsafe 
 keeping order, the symbol "W" is added to the other symbols, or if unsound, 
 the symbol "U" . 
 
A combination of group, quality, and color can be made to form a grade. 
 To simplify the use of Groups, Qualities, and Colors, letters and numerals are 
 used to represent the words they stand for, as follows: 
 
 Groups 
 
 X - 
 
 Flyings 
 
 c - 
 
 Lugs or Cutters 
 
 B - 
 
 Leaf 
 
 T - 
 
 Tips 
 
 M - 
 
 Mixed 
 
 N - 
 
 Nondescript 
 
 S - 
 
 Scrap 
 
 KEY TO STANDARD GRADE MARKS 
 Qualities 
 
 1 - Choice 
 
 2 - Fine 
 
 3 - Good 
 
 4 - Fair 
 
 5 - Low 
 
 1/ 
 
 Colors 
 
 L - 
 
 Buff 
 
 F - 
 
 Tan 
 
 FR - 
 
 Tannish red 
 
 R - 
 
 Red 
 
 D - 
 
 Dark red 
 
 K - 
 
 Variegated 
 
 M - 
 
 Mixed 
 
 V - 
 
 Greenish 
 
 VF - 
 
 Greenish tan 
 
 VR - 
 
 Greenish red 
 
 G - 
 
 Green 
 
 GF - 
 
 Green tan 
 
 GR - 
 
 Green red 
 
 Special factors "U" and "W" may be applied to all grades. 
 Tobacco not covered by the standard grades is designated as No-G. 
 
 Exceptions : In the Mixed Group grades: F indicates light general color 
 and medium to tissuey body, and R, dark general color and heavy to medium body. 
 In the Nondescript grades: 1 indicates the best, and 2 the poorest; L indi- 
 cates light color and thin body, F medium color and medium body, R dark color 
 and heavy body, and G crude green. 
 
 Substituting symbols for words. Lugs of Good quality in Tan color would 
 be written C3F. The first symbol, C, indicates the group, the second symbol, 
 3, denotes the quality, and the third symbol, F, describes the color. Each 
 symbol used in a Federal grade for tobacco has therefore a definite and known 
 meaning. 
 
 To make this clear, assimie we are to determine a grade of a single lot of 
 tobacco. Upon examination we find from characteristics it is clearly a Flying 
 and we know the first symbol is X. Examining it more closely as to relative 
 degrees of quality, we find that it is tissuey, ripe to mellow, open to porous, 
 and wavy, and has dull finish and weak color intensity, and is 80 percent uni- 
 form and has less than 20 percent injury. We are thus able to arrive at its 
 degree of quality, which is Good or 3.. Assuming the major portion of the 
 Flyings are buff- colored leaves, we use the symbol L, making it X3L . Now we 
 have a complete description of the tobacco. 
 
 1^/ The details of the groups .qualities , and colors used in connection with 
 the grades for Burley tobacco are shown on page 12, 
 
 10 - 
 
Operation of Inspection Service : 
 
 (1) Growers deliver their tobacco to the market of their choice and to 
 any warehouse they may select. 
 
 (2) The tobacco is arranged for sale on flat baskets. 
 
 (3) Each lot, or basket, is then weighed and a warehouse ticket is placed 
 on the lot. The ticket shows the name of the seller and the number of pounds 
 of tobacco in the lot, and may give other information for the purpose of 
 identification. Space is provided on the ticket for the name of the buyer, 
 the grade symbol of the buyer, and the price at which the tobacco is sold. It 
 also has a space in the upper- right corner for the Federal grade (see page 14) . 
 
 (4) The lots, or baskets, are placed in line on the warehouse floor. 
 
 (5) As soon as there is good light, the official inspector starts at the 
 beginning of the "break" ahead of the sale, and makes a careful examination of 
 each basket of tobacco. He then writes on the ticket, in the space provided, 
 the Federal grade that correctly describes the tobacco in the lot, inserts the 
 date, and signs his initials. If the tobacco inspected is Leaf of Fair quali- 
 ty in Red color , the inspector writes B4R . If the tobacco is made up of Lugs 
 of Fine quality in Buff color , the grade symbols are C2L . If the lot is made 
 up of Flyings of Good quality in Tan color the grade mark is X3F . The 
 warehouse ticket then becomes a certificate of grade and shows the type of 
 tobacco as well as its group, quality, and color. 
 
 The Federal system of grades for tobacco differs from private systems in 
 that it must be more comprehensive, since it must describe any and all lots of 
 tobacco offered for sale. Each symbol has a definite meaning which is known 
 to the general public, and symbols are a complete description of the lot to 
 which they apply. 
 
 Farmers are sometimes confused by the fact that the combinations of the 
 several groups, qualities, and colors form such a large number of grades. 
 Because the total number cannot be applied to their particular crops, they say 
 that too many grades are recognized. However, it should be remembered that 
 grades are used only as required, and only a limited number are necessary to 
 describe all the tobacco in an individual crop. Crops from different farms 
 and from different areas show such a wide variation that a wide range in 
 grades is necessary to describe all Burley tobacco offered for sale. 
 
 11 - 
 
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 13 
 
BUKLEY MARKETS, WAREHOUSES, AND SETS OF BUYERS, 1964 SEASON 
 
 Market 
 
 Warehouses 
 
 : Buyers : 
 
 : Market 
 
 Warehouses 
 
 : Buyers 
 
 Kentucky: 
 
 Number 
 
 Sets : 
 
 : Tennessee (Cont'd). 
 
 Number 
 
 Sets 
 
 Bloomf leld 
 
 5 
 
 
 : Johnson City 
 
 8 
 
 
 Bowling Green 
 
 10 
 
 1/ 1 : 
 
 : Knoxvtlle 
 
 11 
 
 
 Carrollton 
 
 10 
 
 
 : Morris town 
 
 8 
 
 
 Covington 
 
 2 
 
 
 : Mountain City 
 
 5 
 
 
 Cynthiana 
 
 14 
 
 
 : Mt . Pleasant 
 
 3 
 
 1/ - 
 
 Danville 
 
 8 
 
 
 : Newport 
 
 5 
 
 
 Franklin 2/ 
 
 4 
 
 1/ 1 : 
 
 ; New Tazewell 
 
 8 
 
 
 Glasgow 
 
 10 
 
 
 : Rogersville 
 
 6 
 
 
 Greensburg 
 
 4 
 
 
 : Sparta 
 
 4 
 
 
 Harrodsburg 
 
 8 
 
 
 : Springfield 2/ 
 
 5 
 
 
 Henderson 2/ 
 
 2 
 13 
 10 
 
 3/ - : 
 
 : Sweetwater 
 : Total 
 
 1 
 
 1/ - 
 
 Hopkinsville 2/ 
 
 127 
 
 20 
 
 Horse Cave 
 
 
 
 Lebanon 
 
 6 
 
 
 ; Virginia: 
 
 
 
 Lexington 
 
 35 
 
 
 : Abingdon 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 London 
 
 5 
 
 
 : Gate City 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 Louisville 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 18 
 
 1/ 2 : 
 1/ 1 : 
 
 : Pennington Gap 
 : Total 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 Mayfield 2/ 
 
 19 4 
 
 Maysville 
 
 
 
 More he ad 
 
 3 
 
 
 : North Carolina: 
 
 
 
 Mt. Sterling 
 
 4 
 
 
 : Asheville 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 Owensboro 11 
 
 11 
 
 4/ 1 : 
 
 : Boone 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 Paducah 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 1/ - : 
 
 ; West Jefferson 
 : Total 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 Paris 
 
 17 4 
 
 Richmond 
 
 
 
 Russellville 2/ 
 
 7 
 
 1/ 1 : 
 
 : West Virginia: 
 
 
 
 Shelbyville 
 
 10 
 2 
 
 
 : Huntington 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 Somerset 
 
 
 
 Springfield 
 
 7 
 
 
 : Indiana: 
 
 
 
 Winchester 
 
 ■; 
 
 
 : Madison 
 : New Albany 
 : Total 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Total 
 
 245 
 
 39 : 
 
 1/ - 
 
 
 
 
 4 1 
 
 Tennessee: 
 
 
 
 Athens 
 
 1 
 
 1/ 1 : 
 
 : Ohio: 
 
 
 
 Carthage 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 
 : Ripley 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 Clarksville 2/ 
 
 
 
 Columbia 
 
 2 
 
 1/ 1 : 
 
 : Missouri: 
 
 
 
 Fayetteville 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 : Weston 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 Franklin 
 
 
 
 Gallatin 
 
 7 
 26 
 
 2 : 
 
 : Total Va. - Mo. 
 
 49 
 
 12 
 
 Greeneville 
 
 
 
 Hartsville 
 
 5 
 
 1 : 
 
 : GRAND TOTAL 
 
 421 
 
 71 
 
 !_/ Same buyers used for Louisville. Ky . , and New Albany. Ind . (2 sets) ; Columbia 
 and Mt . Pleasant. Tenn . (1 set) ; Mayfield and Paducah, Ky . (1 set) ; Athens and Sweet- 
 water. Tenn. (1 set) ; Bowling Green . Franklin and Russellville. Ky . (2 sets - in 
 addition to one complete set at Bowling Green) . 
 
 IJ This market sells more than one type. 
 
 _3/ Same buyers used as for dark air- cured (Type 36) , at Henderson. Ky . 
 
 4/ In addition, the Green River set of buyers at Owensboro. Ky . . operates on Burley 
 sales until the opening of the dark air-cured season, and thereafter also, when allot- 
 ted time permits . . , 
 
MARKET MEWS SERVICE ; A principal purpose of market news reports is to 
 provide tobacco growers with information on prices and market conditions as 
 eissistance to them in mftklng sound decisions in marketing their tobacco. The 
 average grower cannot spend enough tl'ne on the warehouse floor to keep posted 
 on the approximate value of the different grades of tobacco, but he must have 
 this information if he is to get a fair price for his tobacco. The tobacco 
 market news service gathers this information as a companion activity of the 
 Inspection service. 
 
 The value of the Inspection and market news services lies in the fact 
 that the certificate of grade on the warehouse ticket provides tobacco growers 
 with \mbiased information regarding the grade or quality of each lot of tobacco 
 offered for sale, and the price reports fiuTiish a definite basis for making an 
 intelligent decision on whether or not to accept a bid. 
 
 During morning sales, on representative markets located over the entire 
 Belt, a record is made of grade, pounds, and price for each lot sold. These 
 data are transmitted to a central market news office, where averages are 
 calcvilated for representative gradee and issued in the form of a daily press 
 release . This report carries quotations on grades which represent aro\md 
 three -f oxorths of the total volxaoe of offerings. The release reviews the high- 
 lights of the day's sale covering such items as quality, price, trend, high 
 and low price for individual baskets, etc. Sales figures for the Belt axe also 
 included. Newspapers and radio and television stations are ftimished with the 
 release daily. 
 
 Dally price reports are sent to every market showing the average price at 
 which each grade sold the preceding day, along with the support price for the 
 grade. This Information is made availaljle to growers selling on the market. 
 In addition, weekly market news reports and press releases are issued which 
 review the marketing activities for the week. 
 
 Market price reports furnish growers with current average prices and 
 sxipport prices by grade. If a certain grade is averaging well above the 
 siipport price, it is well for the grower to think before accepting the loan 
 price. For example, if the average for B5FR was $62.00, and the s\q)i)ort was 
 $14-9.00, and the grower was offered a bid below the support price, it would be 
 worth his time to reject this bid and offer the lot at the next sale. He is 
 assured that the loan price will be the saaie all season, and in most cases his 
 lot will bring a price nearer the average on the second sale, and thus give 
 him a nice profit over the first sale. 
 
 - 15 - 
 
(name of warehouse) 
 
 Tobacco lospectioD CerUficMe 
 
 TUi tobacco lBap«et*d by tb« U. 9. D«putmeat ot Agrlraltars 
 siid«r tb* Tobaoeo I«^»oetIoB Aet, la c«rtined to bei 
 
 NO. i^ 3, L 
 
 BASKET ^ i^ 2i H.. 
 
 Type 31 
 Grade 
 
 (!>«•) 
 
 -BY_ 
 
 (lj»[>«etoT D. 3. D. A.) 
 
 GROWER 
 
 A, 
 
 ■^ 
 
 
 ..S?i*^.M\:y>w Jb^.<ar^.. 
 
 .^i!^/..v;:r^...LBs. 
 
 (name of warehouse ) 
 
 Tobacco InspectloD Certificate 
 
 TUi t«lM«ee b«pMt*d bj tba U. 8. PopartM—t »f A|Erlc«lrw 
 ■wl«r tlw TobMOo iMqMotloa Act. U tmHttvd to bm 
 
 NO. 4 ^ 'a 
 
 BASKET 2....M---2i...% 
 
 GROWER ::±sf..^^r:a:s. fc.rSiA-- 
 
 Type 31 ^ ^ ^ 
 
 (D«i«) ' (l«if~tef P. g. P. A.) 
 
 M 
 
 '^..'^..<5....LBS. 
 
 u 
 
 TOBACCO WAREHOUSE TICKET - BEFORE AND AFTER INSPECTION AND SALE 
 
 16 
 
SAMPLE PRICE REPORT 
 
 Zokcco MuFket Prices 
 
 EURIEY - TYPE 31 
 
 U S. DEPT OF A'jRICULTURE - CONSUMER AND MARKETING SERVICE ■ TOBACCO DIVISION 
 
 . i&s J. X^Kl'ji .7a*. .^. }{.• . YlL* .?eEt s_j._ of _ A^ri ._ Cooperating _ _ , 
 
 DAILY 
 
 Dec. 16, I96U 
 
 NO 13 
 1964 Crop 
 
 Gross sales in the eisht-state area Tuesday, December 15 totaled 31,711,907 
 pounds and averaged C>59<-82 per hundred. Season sales amounted to 395,113,363 
 pounds averaging v6l,83e 
 
 Auction bid 
 
 averages and advance prices 
 
 per hundred pounds 
 
 by U, S, 
 
 grades 
 
 
 ADVANCE 
 
 Wednesday, December I6, I96 
 
 h 
 ' U. S. 
 
 'AUCTION 
 
 
 D. S. AUCTION 
 
 U. S. AUCTION 
 
 ADVANCE 
 
 ADVANCE 
 
 GRADE AVERAGE 
 
 PRICE 
 
 GRADE AVERAGE 
 
 PRICE 
 
 GRADE 
 
 AVEPJIGE 
 
 PRICE 
 
 FLY I SOS 
 
 
 Lies (Coiud) 
 
 
 ^^•5 
 
 
 
 ELL S7I<* 
 
 74 
 
 C5M $67 
 
 55 
 
 T3F 
 
 $61* 
 
 59 
 
 ELF 7l»* 
 
 74 
 
 CSV 
 
 C5G — 
 
 LEAF 
 
 BIF 72* 
 
 58 
 41 
 
 71 
 
 T3FR 
 T3R 
 
 60* 
 
 51* 
 
 55 
 
 X2L 7I4* 
 
 73 
 73 
 
 45 
 
 X2F 7U 
 
 'fiF 
 T4FR 
 
 60* 
 57 
 
 54 
 
 X3L 73* 
 
 72 
 
 SO 
 
 X3F 73 
 
 72 
 
 BIFR 67* 
 
 64 
 
 T4R 
 
 li8 
 
 42 
 
 X3R 
 
 62 
 
 BIR 
 
 57 
 
 T4D 
 T4K 
 
 liO* 
 li3* 
 
 35 
 
 X4L 71 
 
 69 
 
 B2F 71 
 
 69 
 
 32 
 
 X4F 70 
 
 69 
 
 B2FR 65* 
 
 62 
 
 T4VF 
 
 52* 
 
 47 
 
 X4R 61* 
 
 58 
 
 ELR 61* 
 
 55 
 
 T4VR 
 
 1>2 
 
 37 
 
 X4M 6U 
 
 58 
 
 ESF 68 
 
 67 
 
 T4QF 
 
 li2* 
 
 39 
 
 X40 
 
 46 
 64 
 
 D3FR 62 
 B3R 57 
 
 59 
 52 
 
 T4GR 
 
 36 
 
 32 
 
 XSL 67 
 
 T5F 
 
 
 SO 
 
 X5F 67 
 
 64 
 
 BSK 60 
 
 56 
 
 tSFR 
 
 5U 
 
 45 
 
 X5R 61* 
 
 51 
 
 S?.M 6h 
 
 57 
 
 T5R 
 
 U5 
 
 57 
 
 X5M 6h 
 
 47 
 
 B5VF 62 
 
 61 
 
 T5D 
 
 36* 
 
 32 
 
 X50 53* 
 
 39 
 
 33VR 50* 
 
 46 
 
 T5K 
 
 37* 
 
 29 
 
 LUGS 
 
 
 B3GF — 
 
 49 
 
 T5VF 
 
 li7* 
 
 43 
 
 CIL 
 
 74 
 
 B3GR 
 
 38 
 
 TSVR 
 
 38 
 
 32 
 
 GIF 7lj* 
 
 74 ^ 
 
 B4F 68 
 B4FR 61 
 
 65 
 56 
 
 T5GF 
 \ TSGR 
 
 39* 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 C2L 
 
 73 
 
 29 
 
 C2F 7lj 
 
 73 
 
 B4R Sh 
 B4D U6* 
 
 49 
 39 
 
 MIXED CROUP 
 
 K3F 68* 
 
 
 C3L 72* 
 
 72 
 
 57 
 
 C3F 73 
 
 72 
 64 
 
 B4K- 57 
 B4M 61 
 
 51 
 52 
 
 M3R 
 
 -_ 
 
 45 
 
 C3R — 
 
 M4F 
 
 62 
 
 62 
 
 C3K 63* 
 
 60 
 
 B4VF 60 
 
 57 
 
 M4R 
 
 -_ 
 
 40 
 
 C3M 69 
 
 63 
 
 B4VR L8 
 
 44 
 
 M5F 
 
 60 
 
 49 
 
 CSV 69* 
 
 67 
 
 B4QF 50* 
 B4aR lil* 
 
 46 
 35 
 
 M5R 52* 
 ,VOV/)£SCR//T 
 
 55 
 
 C4L 7Ht 
 
 71 
 
 
 C4F 72 
 
 71 
 
 B5F 63 
 
 60 
 
 NIL 
 
 61 
 
 51 
 
 C4R 6li* 
 
 62 
 
 B5FR 56 
 
 52 
 
 NIF 
 
 55 
 
 4S 
 
 C4K 62 
 
 58 
 
 B6R 51 
 
 46 
 
 NIR 
 
 lil 
 
 29 
 
 C4M 68 
 
 60 
 64 
 
 BSD 37<<- 
 BSK 52 
 
 34 
 41 
 
 ' NIG 
 
 3k 
 
 1?6_ 
 
 C4V 66* 
 
 -. N2L 
 
 57 
 
 40 
 
 C4G 
 
 47 
 
 B5M 58 
 
 42 
 
 N2R 
 
 33 
 
 23 
 
 C5L 69ft 
 
 67 
 
 B5VF 51* 
 
 51 
 
 N2G 
 
 27 
 
 22 
 
 CSF 69 
 
 67 
 
 B5VR US 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 C5R 63* 
 
 57 ^ 
 
 BSGF Ui* 
 
 41 
 
 
 
 
 CSK .to. 
 
 5?, 
 
 ,.B5Qi>, ho. 
 
 .3?, 
 
 
 
 
 ♦Latest average established. 
 
 Tobacco graded "W" (Doubtful Keeping Order), "U" (Unsound), or "No-G" (No Grade) 
 
 will not be accepted for loan. 
 
 (SEE OTHER SIDE) 
 
 17 - 
 
PRICE REPORT (Reverse) 
 
 " NOTICE TO GROWERS " 
 
 THE INFORMATION FURNISHED IN THIS REPORT IS INTENDED TO HELP YOU IN OBTAINING 
 THE MARKET PRICE FOR YOUR TOBACCO. 
 
 USE PRICE REPORTS REGULARLY 
 
 Note both AUCTION average and ADVANCE price shown. You have one of the 
 following three choices: 
 
 1. Accept Auction Price Offered. 
 
 2. Reject Auction Price and Re-offer. 
 
 3. Deliver to the Association or Stabilization Corporation at Advance. 
 BE PRESENT WHEN YOUR TOBACCO IS SOLD. Consult your warehouseman about 
 delivery of any tobacco to the Association. 
 
 CAREFUL PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR MARKET PAYS A PROFIT 
 
 1. Keep GREEN and RIPE tobacco separated. 
 
 2. Be sure to remove all "rubber bands" before tying leaves into bundles. 
 Failure to do so will result in the tobacco being graded "No-Grade" if 
 detected by the Government Tobacco Inspector. "No- Grade" tobacco carries 
 no support price. 
 
 3. Tie heads of bundles uniformly - about size of silver dollar. 
 
 4. Handle and market your tobacco In proper keeping order. WET TOBACCO IS 
 ALWAYS SOLD AT A LOSS TO THE GROWER. 
 
 CONSULT YOUR TOBACCO GRADER. ASK HIM ANY QUESTIONS OR ADVICE ABOUT MARKETING 
 
 YOUR TOBACCO. HE IS ON THE MARKET TO ASSIST YOU. 
 
 KEY TO STANDARD GRADE MARKS FOR BURLEY TOBACCO 
 
 GROUP QUALITY COLOR 
 
 B-Leaf 1-Choice L-Buff V- Greenish 
 
 T-Tlps 2-Fine F-Tan VF- Greenish Tan 
 
 C-Lugs or Cutters 3-Good FR-Tannish Red VR-Greenish Red 
 
 X-Flyings A-Fair R-Red G-Green 
 
 M- Mixed Group 5-Low D-Dark Red GF- Green Tan 
 
 N-Nondescript K-Variegated GR-Green Red 
 S- Scrap M-Mixed 
 
 For example: B3F designates leaf, good quality, tan color. 
 SPECIAL FACTOR: "U" and "W" may be applied to all grades. 
 
 - 18 
 
Information like this will enable every farmer to know after his tobacco 
 is sold whether the prices, lot by lot, are in line with those already 
 established on a grade basis by the buyers. This information will enable 
 farmers to market their tobacco on a basis of fair competition. 
 
 Records of offerings and sales, compiled by the Department of Agriculture, 
 show that when bids are materially below the price range per grade, farmers 
 make money by rejecting the bids and putting their tobacco up for sale again. 
 The data also show that when bids are within the price range per grade or 
 above the average for the grade, farmers seldom profit but usually lose by 
 rejecting the bid. The point is that if farmers are to benefit from the 
 operations of the inspection and market news services they must apply the 
 information obtained. Information which enables farmers to reject low bids 
 and to obtain for their tobacco substantially higher prices at the second 
 offering is of great value to producers in marketing their tobacco. 
 
 In addition, the Department issues market reviews each year which cover 
 such information as opening and closing dates of all markets, number of 
 warehouses and buyers on each market, warehouse charges, summary of sales by 
 crop years, summary of sales by States and months, producers' sales and re- 
 sales by markets, price charts showing fluctuations over a period of years, 
 average price per grade each week of marketing season, percentages of each 
 group, quality, and color in each crop, and other valuable data. 
 
 Any or all of these reports will be sent without cost, upon request to 
 Market News Service, Tobacco Division, AMS, 1409 Forbes Road, Lexington, Ky. 
 
 DEMONSTRATION SERVICE : The demonstration service is educational. It 
 acquaints farmers with the objectives of inspection and market news and how 
 these services can benefit them, and instructs them how to prepare their 
 tobacco so that it will be sold at the highest price consistent with quality. 
 
 In cooperation with county agents and agricultural teachers, tobacco 
 inspectors hold meetings directly at tobacco barns, where actual stripping 
 demonstrations are given. These demonstrations show the farmer the best way 
 to prepare his tobacco for market so that he will get the best possible price 
 for it. Inspectors will also explain to agricultural students the advantages 
 of knowing how to use the inspection and market news services. 
 
 19 
 
Sianmaxy ; The object of Inspection, Market News, eind Demonstration is to 
 svrpply information regarding the factors pertaining to the value of tobacco 
 offered for sale. 
 
 Nwhen a lot of tobacco is sold at auction, many factors other than type and 
 qtiality may influence the selling price. As a result, it is not \iniisual to see 
 parts of a split lot sold for different prices. Nor is it uncommon for selling 
 prices of tobacco of the same quality and other identical characteristics to 
 vary considerably among different auction markets. This price behavior is to 
 a large extent inherent in the system of auction selling. 
 
 For many years, this sitviation created considerable uncertainty and con- 
 f vision among farmers. To help overcome the problem, farmers foxmd that they 
 needed: 
 
 1. A system of standard grades, uniformly applied, for classifying 
 their tobacco according to type, quality, sad other significant 
 cheiracteristics . 
 
 2. A good working knowledge of how to properly prepare their tobacco 
 for market, 
 
 3. Reliable reports on current market prices according to standard 
 grades. 
 
 These needs are met by the services authorized in the Tobacco Inspection 
 Act of 1935 • The Federal inspection, demonstration, and market news services 
 of the U. S. Depeirtment of Agriculture, which are based on Government standard 
 grades, provide an inpartial and relatively acc\irate measuring stick of grades 
 and prices which each grower can use. 
 
 In effect the services provide a common language which ceui be understood 
 by all people engaged in growing, selling, or processing tobacco. Uniform 
 standard grades remxwe much doubt and uncertainty in the minds of bviyers con- 
 cerning the quality of tobacco offered for seQ.e. Fanners are assured that 
 their tobacco has been carefully examined and accurately described. The sale 
 can then proceed at a more orderly pace with less confusion. Furthermore, 
 since the svcpport price is based on Government grade standards, the grower is 
 assTxred of a reasonable market price for his crop. The information provided 
 by the market news service on all aspects of the marketing system provides both 
 buyers and sellers with reliable data enabling them to make more accurate de- 
 cisions. When tobacco is sold from loan holdings, each hogshead is eigain in- 
 spected by a Government inspector^ensiaring the buyer of a uniform pack. 
 
 The services are informational . The inspection service does not promote 
 s6LLes; it only supplies information regcurdlng the quality of tobacco offered 
 for sale. The market news service does not establish prices; it only records 
 current average prices established by sales of tobacco. If the service is 
 rightly used it will go far toward preventing losses stif fered by growers when 
 tobacco is sold at less than its current mstrket value. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 
 
 - 20 - 
 
 III 
 
 3 1262 08856 4223