,4% £ ytt* Technical Series, No. 27, Part II. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, HTJKE^VTT OF ENTOMOLOGY. L. 0. HOWARD, Entomologist and Chief of Bureau. CLASSIFICATION OF THE ALEYRODIM. PART II. BY A. L. QUAIXTAXCE, In Charge of Deciduous Fruit Insect Investigations, AND A. C. BAKER, Expert. -" — — -*, Issued September 9. 1914 WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1914. Technical Series, No. 27, Part II. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY. L. 0. HOWARD, Entomologist and Chief of Bureau. CLASSIFICATION OF THE ALEYRODIM. PART II. BY A. L. QUAINTANCE, In Charge of Deciduous Fruit Insect Investigations, AND A. C. BAKER, Expert. Issued September 9, 1914. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1914. BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY. L. O. Howard, Entomologist and Chief of Bureau. C. L. Marlatt, Entomologist and Acting Chief in Absence of Chief. R. S. Clifton, Chief Clerk and Executive Assistant. F. H. Chittenden, in charge of truck crop and stored product insect investigations. A. D. Hopkins, in charge of forest insect investigations. W. D. Hunter, in charge of southern field crop insect investigations. F. M. Webster, in charge of cereal and forage insect investigations. A. L. Quaintance, in charge of deciduous fruit insect investigations. E. F. Phillips, in charge of bee culture. A. F. Burgess, in charge of gipsij moth and brown-tail moth investigations. Holla P. Currie, in charge of editorial work. Mabel Colcord, in charge of library. u CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 95 Genera oi the Aleyrodin«e 96 Genus Dialewrodes 97 Species of the genua Dialeurodes 97 Genus Aleuroplalus 98 Species of the genus Aleuroplalus 98 Genus Dialeurodoidcs 98 Species of the genus Dialeurodoides 99 Genus Pealius 99 Species of the genus Pealius 99 Genus Bemisia 89 Species of the genus Bemisia 100 Genus Aleyrodes 100 Species of the genus Aleyrodes 100 Genus Aleurocybotus 101 Species of the genus Aleurocybotus 101 Genus Aleurotulus 101 Species of the genus Aleurotulus 102 Genus Aleurocanthus 102 Species of the genus Aleurocanthus 102 Genus Aleurolrachelus 103 Species of the genus Aleurolrachelus 103 Genus Aleurothrixus 103 Species of the genus Aleurothrixus 103 Genus Neomaskellia 104 Species of the genus Nm) Cet*J,lia 104 Genus Aleuro paradox us .."". r 104 Species of the genus Aleurnvaradoxus 104 Genus Asterochiton 104 Species of the genus Asterochiton 105 Genus Aleurotithius 106 Species of the genus Aleurotithius 106 Genus Tetraleurodes ' 107 Species of the genus Tetraleurodes 108 Genus Aleurolobus 108 Species of the genus Aleurolobus 109 Unplaced species of the old genus Aleyrodes 109 in ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATES. Page. Plate XXXV. Figs. 1-14. — Diali wrodes citri 98 XXXVI. Figs. 1-6. — Aleuroplatus quercus-aqiuiticx. Figs. 7-12. — Pi al- ius mash. Hi 98 XXXVII. Figa. 1-6. — Bemisia iruxmspicua. Figs. 7—11. — Dialeurodoides aureus : 98 X XXVIII. Figs. 1-13. — Alcyrodcs spirxoides 98 XXXIX. Figs. 1— i. — Ah'uroparadoxus iridescens. Figs. 5-8. — Aleuro- cybotus grami7iicolus. Figs. 9-11. — Aleurocanthus spinifirus. 102 XL. Figs. 1-9. — Aleurotulus nephrohpidis 102 XLI. Figs. 1-6. — Aleurothrixus* houardi. Figs. 7-9. — Aleurotrache- lus tracheifer 102 XT ill. Figs. 1-15. — Asterochiton vaporariorum 102 XLIII. Figs. 1-16.— Alcurot'dh'vis tiinberlaJ:ei 100 XLIV. Figs. 1-17. — Tetralcurodcs mori 106 XLV. Figs. 1-16.— Aleurolobus marlatti 106 XL VI. Fig. 1. — Dialeurodcs citri: Pupa case on leaf. Fig. 2. — Aleuro- paradoxus iridescens: Pupa case on leaf. Fig. 3.— Aleuro- canthus spini/crus: Pupa case on leaf. Fig. 4. — Aleurotrache- lus tracheifer: Pupa case on leaf. Fig. 5. — Pealius kclloggi: Pupa case on leaf. Fig. 6.- grades tpirxoides: Pupa case on leaf 106 XLVII. Fig. 1. — Aleurolubus marlatti: Pupa rase on leaf. Fig. 2. — Asterochiton abutilonea: Pupa case on leaf. Fig. 3. — Tetra- leurodes mori: Pupa case on leaf. Fig. 4. — Aleurothrixus houardi: Pupa case on leaf 106 XL VIII. Aleurotithius timberlahei, showing infestation of underside of leaves of Eridictyon tomentosum 106 IV CLASSIFICATION OF THE ALEYRODIM-PART II. INTRODUCTION. The present paper deals with the subfamily Aleyrodinse and, with Part I, completes the classification of the family. It has not been feasible to treat at this time the species of this subfamily in the manner followed in Part I. Monographic reports of the respective genera of the Aleyrodinse are, however, now under way and will be issued as rapidly as practicable. Students of the Aleyrodidse are well aware that the original and typical genus Aleijrodes had come to include a rather heterogeneous assemblage of forms. This fact was indicated some years ago by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell in his paper, "Classification of the Aley- rodidse," 1 in which several subgenera were proposed, as Dialeurodes, Tetraleurodes, etc. From the writers' studies of these insects it appears to them that Aleyrodes Latreille should be restricted to those species essentially like proletella L., the type species, and that other genera should be erected to include the remaining forms. This they have attempted to do, as set forth in the following pages. Unfortunately the Aleyrodidse are as yet largely known only from the pupal stage, a condition due to their mode of life. A comprehen- sive classification based on the study of the adults would not, there- fore, be possible for many years to come. In the generic diagnoses given herewith it has been necessary to place importance on the char- acters of the so-called pupa case, as has long been the practice in describing species of this family. In the majority of the genera pro- posed the adult stage of one or more species, however, is known, and so far as data at hand indicate, adult characters confirm the grouping of species followed, as based on the characters of the pupa case. The writers regret that there should be so many species (14 in num- ber) which they are unable to assign satisfactorily to any genus by reason of inadequate descriptions, or failure of authors to describe in sufficient detail those characters of most value in generic determina- tions. It is much to be desired that descriptions of Aleyrodidas be made as complete and full as possible. It should be added that careful examinations have been made of the types or cotypes of species described by Maskell, Bemis, Quain- tance, Britton, Morrill, Back, Kuwana, and Kotinsky, and of most of those described by Cockerell. i Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 279 (1902). 95 96 CLASSIFICATION OF THE ALEYRODID^. Genera op the Aleyrodin^e. I. Forewing of adult, with radius, present as a distinct \ (in Aleurochilon. II. Forewing of adult without radius,. A, Pupa case without a submaiginal row of papilla-like pores, and with dorsal disk aot separated from submazgina] area. 1. Pupa ease with thoraeie tracheal folds present. a. Thoracic tracheal folds ending on or near the margin in a mc less circular pore. (1) Vasiform orifice relatively small and roundly subcordate, operculum almost filling orifice and obscuring lin- gula Dialeurodes. b. Thoracic tracheal folds ending in a comb of teeth. (1) Vasiform orifice relatively small and transversely rounded, the operculum almost entirely filling it Aleuroplatus. (2) Vasiform orifice subcordate, acute caudad, the operculum filling about two-thirds of orifice and leaving caudal por- tion of lingula exposed Dialeurodoides. 2. Pupa case with thoracic tracheal folds not evident. a. Vasiform orifice situated in a pit or depression which is usually transversely ribbed or furrowed. (1) Operculum transversely rectangular, small, the knobbed extremity of the lingula visible caudad of it Pealius. b. Vasiform orifice not situated in a pit. (1) Vasiform orifice triangular, very elongate, operculum small and transversely elliptical, lingula long and visible for fully half its length caudad of operculum Bemisia. (2) Vasiform orifice subcordate, with cephalic margin straight. (a) Adults with antennae of seven segments, of which III is the longest, IV-VII being subequal . . .Aleyrodes. (b) Adults with antennae of seven segments, of which VII (in male) is much the longest, being as long as the remaining ones together Aleurocybotus. (3) Vasiform orifice small, roundly subcordate, or subcircular. (a) Lingula long and distally knobbed, extending caudad from orifice for one-third to one-half of its length. Aleurotulus. (b) Lingula short and obscured by the operculum, which almost entirely fills the orifice. * Dorsum with several series of prominent spines; margin with very distinct teeth. .Aleurocanthus. * Dorsum without such series of prominent spines. ** Dorsum with a central ridge or trachea-like elevation, the orifice situated on its caudal extremity; margin with a double series of teeth, the outer series lighter in color than the inner. Wax not abundant. AleurotracJielus. ** Dorsum without such a central trachea-like structure, but usually with several pairs of prominent spine-like hairs. Wax secre- tion very abundant, fiocculent, or woolly. ■irothrims. (1) Vasiform orifice transversely rectangular; operculum similar, very short; lingula broad and short, truncate caudad. Xconiaskcllia. GENUS DIALEURODES. 97 B. Pupa case with a submarginal row of papilla-like pores an J with the dorsal disk not separated from the submarginal area. 1. Vasiform orifice subcordate, with anterior margin straight. a. Thoracic folds visible and ending in a comb of teeth; operculum nearly filling the orifice and obscuring the lingula. A leuroparadoxus. b. Thoracic tracheal folds not distinct; lingula visible caudad of operculum, lobed Asterochiton. C. Pupa case usually without a row of submarginal papillae and with the dorsal disk distinctly separated from the submarginal area by a suture-like- line or depression. 1 . Dorsum covered with a large number of mammiform pores. .Aleurotithius. 2. Dorsum without large mammiform pores. a. Vasiform orifice rounded or cordate, elevated, and not surrounded by a lobed or palmate area Tetraleurodes. b. Vasiform orifice subcordate, surrounded by a definite lobed area with a channel extending caudad Aleurolobus. Genus DIALEURODES (Cockerel!) n. gen. (PI. XXXV, figs. 1-14; PI. XLVI, fig. 1.) Pupa case variable in size, elliptic to subcircular in outline; color usually yellowish, varying in some species to brownish; margin of case toothed, the wax tubes irregular in outline and but little devel- oped; submarginal area not separated from dorsal disk; dorsum without papillae or pores; tracheal folds evident, in some species very conspicuous, terminating on margin of case in a pore, the folds often showing dotlike, linear, or polygonal markings; wax secretion absent or very scant. Vasiform orifice relatively small, transversely oval or subcircular, with or without comb of teeth on inner lateral and caudal margins; operculum large, mostly filling the orifice and obscuring the lingula. Adult with one flexure in radial sector of forewing and no trace of media. Antennae of seven segments, segment VII not distinctly shorter than segments IV, V, and VI, but usually longer than these. Sexes about equal in size, the claspers of male with a few prominent spines. Type, citri Riley and Howard. Species of the Genus Dialeurodes. D. citri (Riiey and Howard), Insect Life, vol. 5, p. 219 (1893). (Southern Lnited States; Chile (?); China; India; Japan, etc.) Syn.: aurantii Maskell. D. citrifolii (Morgan), Spec. Bui. La. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 70 (1893). (Southern United States; Cuba; Mexico.) Syn.: fiubifcra Berger. D. eugenix (Maskell), Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 28, p. 430 (1895). (India.) D.fijiensis (Kotinsky), Bui. 2, Div. Ent., Board Comm. Agr. & Forestry, Hawaii, p. 100 (1907). (Fiji.) D.fodiens (Maskell), Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 28, p. 433 (1895). (New Zealand.) 98 CLASSIFICATION <>]■' THE ALEYRODHXE. ]>. hirhaldyi (KotJnwky), Bui. _'. Div. Ent., Board Comm. Agr. cV Forestry, Hawaii, p. 95(1907 (Hawi n.struthuitthi (\liu\]><\ . Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), vol. 7, p. 387 (1901;. i Brazil.) D. tol-yonis (Kuwanai. Pomona Jmirn. Ent., vol.3, no. 4, p. 622(1911). (Japan.) Genus ALEUROPLATUS n. gen. (PI. XXXVI, figs. 1-6.) Pupa case usually flat, medium to large in size, oval to subcircular in outline, often notched on cephalo-lateral margins; color yellowish, or more usually dark brown to blackish, many species variously dotted with darker markings; margin toothed, wax tubes moder- ately developed, incisions shallow; submarginal area not separated from dorsal disk; dorsum without prominent pores or papillae, though some species show 7 many minute porelike structures; tho- racic tracheal folds evident, terminating on margin of case in a comb of teeth from which may arise pencils of wax, differing in color from the more or less amorphous wax surrounding the case and secreted by the marginal wax tubes. Vasiform orifice small, trans- versely rounded and almost filled by the operculum, which hides the lingula. Adult with radial sector of forewing showing a single flexure; no spur of media. Type, quercus-aquaticse Quaintance. Species of the Genus Aleuroplatus. A. alcocki (Peal), Joum. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 72, p. 74 (1903). (India.) A. coclerelli (Ihering), Rev. Museu Paulista, No. 2, p. 393 (1897). (Brazil.) A. coronata (Quaintance), Tech. Ser. 8, Div. Ent,, U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 22 (1900). (California.) A. euryx (Kuwana), Pomona Journ. Ent., vol. 3, no. 4, p. 625 (1911). (Japan.) A. gelatinosiis (Cockerell), Canad. Ent., vol. 30, p. 264 (1898). (New Mexico; Cal- ifornia.) A. hoyx (Peal), Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 72, p. 78 (1903). A. quaintancei (Peal), Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 72, p. 7S (1903). (India.) A. quercus-aquaticx (Quaintance), Tech. Ser. 8, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 35 (1900). (Florida.) A. vinsonioides (Cockerell. Psyche, vol. 8, p. 225 (1S9S). (Mexico.) Genus DIALEURODOIDES n. gen. (PI. XXXVII. figs. 7-11.) Pupa case of medium size, subelliptic to subcircular in outline, usually yellowish or brownish in color; margin of case toothed, the wax tubes but little developed; submarginal area not-separated from dorsal disk; dorsum without papillae, though well developed pores may be present; tracheal folds present; wax secretion scant or absent. Vasiform orifice subeordate, rather acute caudad; oper- culum about half filling the orifice, leaving lingula exposed. Type, aureus MaskelL Tech. Series 27, Part II, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Plate XXXV. -^^222b^s^^ r: — ^- 13 DlALEURODES CURL Fk 1 —Pupa case, dorsal view. Fig. 2.— Thoracic tracheal fold and pore. Fig. 3.— Margin of case Fig. 4.— Vasiform orifice of pupa case. Fig. 5— Larva, third instar. Fig. 6.— Larva, first instar. Fig. 7.— Leg of larva, first instar. Fig. 8.— Antenna of larva, first instar. Fig. 9.— Leg. Fig. 10.— Antenna of adult. Fig. 11.— Wing. Fig. 12.— Claw of adult. Fig. 13.— Male genitalia. Fig. 14.— Margin of (brewing. ( Original.) Tech. Series 27, Part II, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agricu'ture. Plate XXXVI. Aleuroplatus quercus-aquatic/e and Pealius maskelli. AUuroplatus quercus-aquatkx: Fig. 1.— Pupa case, dorsal view. Fig. 2— Vasiform orifice. Fig. 3. -Thoracic tracheal comb of teeth. Fig. 4.— Forewing. Fig. 5.— Male genitalia. * l P : 6 -— Margin of pupa case. Pealius maskellv Fig. 7.— Pupa case, dorsal view. Fig. 8.— Margin ot gupa case. Fig. 9.— Vasiform orifice. Fig. lO.^Thoracic tracheal comb of teeth. Fig. 11 — audal comb of teeth. Fig. 12.— Egg. (Original.) Tech. Series 27, Part II, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. PLATE XXXVII. BEMISIA INCONSPICUA AND DlALEURODOIDES AUREUS. Bemisia inconspicua: Fig. 1.— Pupa case, dorsal view. Fig. 2.— Margin of pupa case. Fig. 3. — Vasiform orifice and caudal end of pupa. Fig. 4.— Forewing. Fig. 5.— Egg. Fig. 6.— Antenna of adult. Dialeurodoides aureus: Fig. 7. — Pupa case, dorsal view. Fig. S.— Tracheal comb of teeth. Fig. 9.— Vasiform orifice. Fig. 10.— Caudal margin of case. Fig. 11.— Pore of radial passage. (Original.) >gy U S. Dept. of Agriculture. PLATE XXXVIII v n ALEYRODES SPIR/EOIDES. Fig. 1. I'm il view. Fig. 2. Margin of pupa case. Fig. 3.— Vasiform orifice of pupa : i i. Abdomen of female, dorsal view, showing typical marking. Fig. 5. — Fori Fig. 6. Margin of forewing. Fig. 7. -Detaflsoi maculation of forewinj - Antenna ol adull fema rerminal distal segment of female, antenna greatly enlarged. Fig. 10. Distal portion of third segment of male. Fig. 11.— Abdomen of female, dorsal view, showing variation in marking. Fig. 12 Genitalia of male. Fig. 13 Claw. (Original.) GENUS BEMISIA. 99 Species of the Genus Dialei rodoides. A. aureus (Maskell), Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 22, p. 17' (1889); ibidem vol. 2, p. 215 (1879). (New Zealand.) A.fagi (Maskell), Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 22, p. L75 (1889). (New Zea- land.) A. simplex (Maskell), Trans. New Zealand lust., vol. 22, p. L75 (1889 Zealand.) Genus PEALIUS n. gen. (PI. XXXVI, figs. 7-12; PI. XLVI, fig. 5.) Pupa case medium in size, elliptic in outline; color variable; mar- gin of case toothed, the wax tubes well developed; submarginal area not separated from dorsal disk; dorsum without papillae or pores; thoracic tracheal folds not discernible, though there is a distinct furrow from vasiform orifice to caudal end of case. Vasiform orifice situated in a pit, which is more or less pyriform in outline and trans- versely ridged, the outline of the orifice being subrectangular ; oper- culum subrectangular, short, filling about half the orifice; lingula short, the distal extremity visible caudad of operculum, flattened and knobbed. Named for the late II. W. Peal. Type, mashelli Bemis. Species of the Genus Pealius. P. bengalensis (Peal), Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 72, p. 70 (1904). (India.) /'. hibisci (Kotinsky), Bui. 2, Div. Ent., Board Comm. Agr. & Forestry, Hawaii, p. 96 (1907). (Hawaii.) P. Mloggi (Bemis), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 499 (1904). (California.) P. maskelli (Bemis), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 524 (1904). (California.) Genus BEMISIA n. gen. (PI. XXXVII, rigs. 1-6.) Pupa case varying much in size, elliptic or oval in outline, broadest across the thorax; color usually pale yellowish; margin toothed, the wax tubes irregular in size and shape ; submarginal area not separated from dorsal disk ; dorsum without papillae or pores ; thoracic tracheal folds sometimes faintly visible. There is a distinct furrow present, extending from the vasiform orifice to the caudal extremity of the case. Vasiform orifice triangular, long and narrow; lingula long and less than half covered at the cephalic extremity by the short oper- culum. Adult with one flexure in radial sector of forewing and no spur of media. Antennae of seven segments, of which the third is the longest, the remaining distal ones being subequal. Named for Florence E. Bemis. Type, inconspicua Quaintance. 48454°— 14— 2 100 CLASSIFICATION OF THE ALEYRODIDjE. Species of the Genus Bemisia. B. berbericola (Cockerell), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 207 (1896). (New Mexico.) B. decipiem (Maskell), Trail*. New Zealand Inst., vol. 28, p. 428 (1895). (Aus- tralia.) B. giffardi (Kotinsky), Bui. 2, Div. Ent.. Board Comm. Agr. & Poreetry, Hawaii, p. 94 (1907). (Hawaii.) B. inconspicua (Quaintance). Tech. Ser. 8, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 29 (1900). (Florida.) B. leahii (Peal), Jouru. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 72, p. 87 (1903). (India; Fiji.) B. religiosa (Peal), Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 72, p. 07 (1903). (India.) Genus ALEYRODES Latreille. (PI. XXXVIII, figs. 1-13; PI. XLVI, fig. 6.) Pupa case small to medium in size, elliptic in outline; color usu- ally yellowish or brownish; margin of case toothed, the wax tubes irregular in outline and rather poorly developed; submarginal area not separated from dorsal disk. There are no well developed papillae or pores as in Asterochiton, though minute pores may be present in some species. Tracheal folds not discernible; wax secretion usually absent. Vasiform orifice subcordate, the operculum about hah fill- ing the orifice; lingula included within the orifice, but visible caudad of the operculum; the distal extremity setose and armed with a pair of spines. Adult with two flexures in radial sector of forewing, and media with a very short spur; forewings usually with faint patches of dusky coloration on flexures of radial sector. Antennae of seven segments, of which the third is the longest, the distal ones being subequal; seg- ments imbricated. Sexes nearly equal in size; claspers of male with a few spines. Type, proletella L. ; example, spirseoides Quaintanc-e. Species c*f the Genus Aleyrodes. A. akebix Kuwana, Pomona Journ. Ent., vol. 3, no. 4, December, p. 622 (1911 V (Japan.) A. amnicola Bemis, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 514 (1904). (California.) A. asarumis Shimer, Trans. Anier. Ent. Soc, vol. 1, p. 281 (1867). (Pennsyl- vania.) Syn.: actese Britton. A. aureodncta Cockerell, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, vol. 5, p. 42 (1897). (New Mexico.) A. brassicx Walker, Cat. Homopt. Brit. Mus., p. 1092 (1852). (Europe.) A. caprex Signoret, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (4), vol. 8, p. 384 (1867). (France.) A. errata Maskell, Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 28, p. 425 (1895). (New Zea- land.) .1. cotesii Maskell, Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 28, p. 427 (1895). (Balu- chistan.) 4- femaldi Morrill, Psyche, vol. 10, p. 83 (1903). (Massachusetts; Connecticut.) A.fragarix Walker, List Homopt. Brit. Mua., p. 1092 (1851); also Ann. Soc. Ent. France (4), vol. 8, p. 383 (1867V (England; France.) GENUS ALEUROTULUS. 101 A. lactea Zehntner, Mededeeleng Proefstat. Oost-Java, n. s. 37, p. 34 (1897); Arch. Java Suikerind., vol. 7, p. 459 (1897). (Java.) A. lauri Signoret, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, pt. 2, p. 158 (1881). (Greece.) A. lonicerx Walker, Cat. Homopt. Brit. Mils., p. 1092 (1852). (Europe.) A. prcnanthis Schrank, Fauna Boica, vol. 2, p. 147 (1801). (Germany.) A. proletella Linne, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10), p. 537 (1758). (Europe.) A. pruinosa Bemis, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mps., vol. 27, p. 491, pi. 2, fig. 8 (1904). (California.) A..pruinosa var. euphorbiara Cockerell, Ent. News, vol. 22, p. 462 (1911). A. pyrolce Gillette & Baker, Bui. 31, Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., Tech. Ser., p. 125 (1895). (Colorado.) A. quercus Signoret, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (4), vol. 8, p. 384 (1867). (France; England.) A. ribia Douglas, Ent. Monthl. Mag., vol.24, p. 265 (1888); ibidem, p. 255 (1899). (England.) A. rubi Signoret, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (4), vol. 8, p. 382 (1867). (France.) A. rubicola Douglas, Ent. Monthl. Mag. (2), vol. 2, p. 322 (1891). (England.) _i. schizuokensis Kuwana, Pomona Journ. Ent., vol. 3, no. 4, December, p. 620 (1911). (Japan.) A. spirxse Douglas, Ent. Monthl. Mag. (2), vol. 5, pp. 73, 154 (1894). (England.) A. spirxoidcs Quaintance, Tech. Ser. 8, Div. Ent., IT. S. Dept, Agr., p. 36 (1900). A. xylostei Westhoff, Jahresb. zool. westfal. Yerein, p. 61 (1886). (Germany.) A. youngi Hempel, Ann. Mag. Nat, Hist. (7), vol. 8, p. 385 (1901). (Brazil.) Genus ALEUROCYBOTTJS n. gen. (PI. XXXIX, figs. 5-8.) Pupa case of medium size, very narrow and elongate; margin toothed, the wax tubes very poorly developed; submarginal area not separated from dorsal disk; dorsum without papilla? or pores, though there is present a row on each side of median area of abdomen, a series of irregular pits; tracheal folds not discernible; secretion usually present as a short rim of wax, elevating case from leaf. Vasiform orifice subcordate, the lingula included within the orifice, but its extremity visible caudad of the operculum. Adult with a single flexure in radial sector of forewing and no trace of media. Antennae of male with segment VII as loug or longer than the other segments combined. Type, graminicoliis Quaintance. Species of the Gbnus Aieurocybotus. A. graminicolas (Quaintance), Canad. Ent., vol. 31, p. 89 (1899). (Florida.) Genus ALETJROTULUS n. gen. (PI. XL, figs. 1-9.) Pupa case small, elliptic to slightly oval, flat. Color yellowish; margin of case toothed, the wax tubes not prominent; submarginal area not separated from the dorsal disk and there are no papillae or pores; tracheal folds faintly evident. Vasiform orifice subcordate, somewhat rounded; operculum smaller, similar but shorter in pro- portion, occupying about two-thirds of the orifice; lingula long, 102 CLASSIFICATION OF THE ALEYRODIDiE. usually protruding considerably beyond orifice, ligulate, its protruding extremity knobbed and setose. Adult with one flexure in radial sector of forewing and no spur of media. Antennae of seven segments, of which the third is the longest ; segment VII considerably longer than IV, V, or VI. Type, neplirolejyidis Quaintance. Species op the Genus Aleubotulus. A. nephrolcpidis (Quaintance), Tech. Ser. 8, Div. Ent,, U. S. Dept. Agr.. p. -1\) (1900). (Pennsylvania, in Conservatory.) Syn.: extraniens Bemis. A.fdicium (Goeldi), Mittheil. echweiz. ent. Ges., vol. 7, p. 248 (1886). (Brazil; Rio de Janeiro; Kew Gardens.) Genus ALEUROCANTHTJS n. gen. (PI. XXXIX, figs. 9-11; PI. XLVI, fig. 3.) Pupa case medium in size, subelliptic in outline, usually dark brown or black in color; margin of case toothed, the wax tubes very prom- inent; submarginal area not separated from dorsal disk; dorsum without papillae or pores, though bearing many heavily chitinized spines variously arranged; tracheal folds usually not discernible, though evident in a few species; wax secretion usually present as a narrow fringe from marginal wax tubes. Vasiform orifice small, rounded or subcordate in outline, situated on a tubercle-like projec- tion of dorsum; operculum similar in shape and almost entirely filling it, obscuring the lingula. Adult with one flexure in radial sector of forewing and no spur of media; wings usually blotched or shaded. Males much smaller than females. Type, spiniferus Quaintance. Species of the Genus Aleurocanthus. A. bambusx (Peal), Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 72, p. 85 (1903). (India.) A. banlcsix (Maskell), Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 28, p. 423 (1895). (Aus- tralia.) A. calophylli (Kotinsky), Bui. 2, Div. Ent. Board Comra. Agr. & Forestry, Hawaii, p. 98 (1907). (Fiji.) A. citricolus (Newstead), Mitteil. aus dem zool. Mus. in Berlin, vol. 5, pt. 2, p. 173 (1911). (East Africa.) A. hirsutus (Maskell), Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 28, p. 434 (1895). (Aus- tralia.) A. uiibilans (Buckton), Indian Mus. Notes, vol. 5, p. 36 (1900). (India.) A. piperis (Maskell), Trans. New Zealand Inst,, vol. 28, p. 438 (1895). (Ceylon.) A. spiniferus (Quaintance), Canad. Ent,, vol. 34, p. 63 (1902). (Java.) A. spinosus (Kuwana), Pomona Journ. Ent., vol. 3, no. 4, p. 626 (1911). A. signatus (Maskell), Trans. New Zealand Inst,, vol. 28, p. 447 (1895). (Aus- tralia.) A. voeltzhowi (Newstead), Quarterly Journ. Liverpool, vol. 3, p. ] 2 (1908). (Mada- gascar.) Tech. Series 27, Part II, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agricultur Plate XXXIX. Aleuroparadoxus iridescens, Aleurocybotus graminicolus, and Aleurocanthus spiniferus Aleuroparadoxus iridescens; Fig. 1.— Pupa case, dorsal view. Fig. 2.— Vasiform orifice Fie 3 — pS™\i° P ?F a ° ase ,' ? owin S thoracic tracheal comb. Fig. 4.-Dorsal pore of pupa case, much enlarged Aleurocybotus gramtmcolus: Fig. 5.— Pupa case, dorsal view. Fig. 6 — Vasifann orince. *ig. ,— Irregular opening on dorsum of abdomen of pupa case. Fig. 8.— Antenna of adult male. Aleurocanthus spiniferus: Fig. 9.— Puna case, dorsal view. V% orifice. Fig. 11.— Margin of pupa case. -Pupa case, dorsal view. Fig. 10.— Vasiform Tech. Series 27, Part II, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Plate XL. f -f //' 6 ■MA 9 X 8 Aleurotulus nephrolepidis. Fig i Pupa case, dorsal view. Fig. 2. Vasiform orifice. Fig. 3. — Margin of pupa case. Fig. 4. Forewing. Fig. 5 Margin of forewing. Fig. 6 Egg. Fig. 7. Claw of adult. Fig. 8. Ami-mi i of adult male(?J. Fig. 9. Third segment of antenna of male. (Original.) Tech. Series 27, Part II, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Plate XLI. Aleurothrixus howardi and Aleurotrachelus tracheifer. Akurothriius howardi- Fig. 1.— Pupa case, dorsal view. Fig. 2.— Larva, first instar. Fig. 3 — Sword-shaped spine of first-instar larva. Fig. 4.— Egg. Fig. 5.— Margin of pupa case. Fig. 6.— Vasiform orifice. Ahurotraehclus tracheifer: Fig. 7.— Pupa case, dorsal view. Fig. 8.— Vasiform orifice. Fig. 9.— Margin of pupa case. (Original.) Tech. Series 27, Part II, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Plate XLII, ■^^^<^jmsC^wj^z^i ASTEROCHITON VAPORARIORUM. Fig. 1.- Larva, first instar. Fig. 2.— Larva, second instar. Fig. 3.— Pupa case, dorsal view. Fig. 4.— Papilla of pupa case. Fig. 5.— Yasiform orifice. Fig. 6.— Egg. Fig. 7.— Leg of larva, first instar. Fig. 8.— Antenna of adult. Fig. 9. — Distal end of third segment of antenna. Fig. 10.— Antenna of larva, first instar. Fig. 11.— Antenna of larva, second instar. Fig. 12.— Fore- wing. Fig. 13.— Genitalia of male, dorsal view. Fig. 14.— Genitalia 61 male, lateral view. Fig. 15.— Claw of adult. (Original.) GENUS ALEUROTHRIXUS. 103 Genus ALEUROTRACHELUS n. gen. (PL XLI, figs. 7-9; PI. XLVI, fig. 4.) Pupa case mostly of medium size, elliptic in outline, the cephalic margin somewhat pointed; color brown to blackish; margin of case with a double row of teeth, the wax tubes well developed ; submarginal area not separated from the dorsal disk; dorsum without pores or papillae, though body sutures are very prominent and aiong each side near center there is a prominent fold. Along median line of dorsum is a trachea-like ridge, terminating cephalad in an arrow-shaped figure and caudad in the vasiform orifice. Tracheal folds not discernible; wax secretion usually present as a fringe from marginal wax tubes, Vasiform orifice small, broadly cordate; operculum similar in shape, obscuring the lingula. Type, tracheifer Quaintance. Species of the Genus Aleurotrachelus. A. camellix (Kuwana), Pomona Journ. Ent., vol. 3, no. 4, p. 625 (1911). A. croceatus (Maskell), Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 28, p. 428 (1895). (Aus- tralia.) A.fumipennis (Hempel), Psyche, vol. 8, p. 394 (1899). (Brazil.) A. limbatus (Maskell), Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 28, p. 436 (1895). (Aus- tralia.) A. -parvus (Hempel), Psyche, vol. 8, p. 395 (1899). (Brazil.) A. tracheifer (Quaintance), Tech. Ser. 8, Div. Ent., 17. S. Dept. Agr., p. 38 (1900). (Mexico.) A. trachoides (Back), Canad.'Ent., vol. 44, p. 151 (1912). (Cuba.) Genus ALEUROTHRIXUS n. gen. (PI. XLI, figs. 1-6; PI. XLVIL fig. 4.) Pupa case medium to small in size, elliptic; margin sometimes angled; color variable, ranging from yellow to blackish; margin of case with double row of teeth, the wax tubes well developed; sub- marginal area not separated from dorsal disk; dorsum without papillae or pores, but bearing along median line a few pairs of long, spinelike hairs; tracheal folds not discernible; wax secretion usually copious, flocculent or woolly, secreted by marginal wax tubes. Vasiform orifice small, transversely elliptic; lingula obscured by the operculum, which nearly fills the orifice. Adult with one flexure in radial sector of forewing and no spur of media. Antennae of seven segments, of which III is the longest. Sexes nearly equal in size. Type, howardi Quaintance. Species of the Genus Aleurothrixus. A. aepim (Goeldi), Mittheil. schweiz. ent. Ges., vol. 7, p. 250 (1886). (Brazil.) A.floccosus (Maskell), Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 28, p. 432 (1895). (Jamaica; Mexico.) A. horridm (Hempel), Psyche, vol. 8, p. 394 (1899). (Brazil.) 104 CLASSIFICATIOM OF THE ALEYRODID.3E. A. howardi (Quaintance . Tech. 8er. 12. Bur. Ent., V. S. Dept. Agr., p. 91 (,1907;. Cuba; Florida. .1. tnUrru'jaliunix Bemifi . Pruc. I". S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27. p. 510 ^1904). (Cali- fornia. Genus NEOMASKELLIA Quaintance and Baker. -,Tech. Ser. 27. Pt. I. PL XXXIV. figs. 1-8.) Species of thk Genus Xkomaskellia. If. comata (Maskell), Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 28, p. 426. (1895). (Fiji., AT. bergii (Signoret>. Ann. Soc. Ent. France (4), vol. 8, p. 395 (1867). (Isle of Mauritius; Java: Fiji; Levuka; Rena; Manila. Philippine Island*. Syn.: sacchari Maskell. Genus ALETJROPARADOXTJS n. gen. (PI. XXXIX. figs. 1-4: PI. XLYI. in. 2.) Pupa case medium in size, elliptic in outline, margin toothed, the wax tubes only moderately developed; submarginal area not separated from dorsal disk; just within margin a series of papilla-like pores and dorsum with numerous large irregular pores; tracheal folds present, terminating on margin in a comb of teeth; wax secretion brittle glass-like rods from the submarginal papillae and a secretion from the dorsal pores. Vasiform orifice subcordate or triangular, the oper- culum similar in outline, obscuring the lingula. Adult with a single flexure in radial sector of forewing and no spur of media. Antennas seven-segmented; III the longest; distal seg- ments subequal. Sexes nearly equal in size. Type, iridescens Bemis. Species of the Genus Aleiroparadoxuu. A. iridt.Ktus (Bemis), Pruc. U. S. Nat. Mus.. vcl. 27. p. 4S7 (,1904 •. (California.) Genus ASTEROCHITON Maskell. 1 (PI. XLII, figs. 1-15: PI. XLVII. fig. 2.) Pupa case medium to small in size, elliptic, usually elevated from the leaf by a palisade of white wax ; color variable, ranging from whit- ish to dark brown; maronn of case toothed, the wax tubes moderatelv developed; submarginal area not separated from dorsal disk; sub- marginal area with a row of, or a number of, large papilla? or pores; thoracic tracheal folds rarely distinguishable; usually a distinct furrow from vasiform orifice to caudal margin of case; wax secretion ries of brittle, glassy rods from dorsal papilla? or pores and a 1 Maxell erected this genus with his hcanioidcs as type and placed it in theCoccida?. He later described a species, papSUfer, indicating that his hcn^ioida: was in part a synonym of this. The name hcanioida. however, should have been use 1 lor the species. We have examined the type of papilliftr in the Maskell collection and find the species to he nothing other than vaporariorum Westwood. This latter species. ■re, become* the type of the genus. GENUS ASTEROCHITON. 105 palisade of white wax elevating case from leafj vasiform orifice sub- cordate, usually notched on caudal end; operculum transversely elliptic, about half filling the orifice; lingula spatulate, the distal extremity exposed caudad of operculum, lobed, and usually armed with two prominent spines. Adult usually with one flexure in radial sector of forewing and no trace of media excepting in freshly emerged specimens. Antennae of seven segments, segment III the longest, IV to VI subequal; segments imbricated. Sexes nearly equal in size. Type, vaporariorum Westwood. Species op the Genus Asterochiton. A. abutiloneus (Haldeman), Amer. Journ. Sci. & Arts, vol. 9, p. 108 (1850). (East- ern United States; Pennsylvania to Florida.) Syn. : Jitchi Quaintance. A. ambrosise (Cockerell), Canad. Ent., vol. 42, p. 370 (1910). (Colorado.) A. asplenii (Maskell), Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 22, p. 173 (1889). (New Zealand.) A. coryli (Britton), Ent. News (Phila.), vol. 18, p. 337 (1907). (Connecticut.) A. diasemus (Bemis), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 516 (1904). (California.) A. dubius (Heeger), Beitr. Naturg. Ins., p. 223 (1858). (Austria; Germany.) A. erigerontis (Maskell), Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 28, p. 429 (1895). (Mexico.) A.floridensis (Quaintance), Tech. Ser. 8, Div. Ent,, U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 26 (1900). A. glacialis (Bemis), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 518 (1904). (California.) A. hutchingsi (Bemis), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 532 (1904). (California.) A. immaculatus (Heeger), Beitr. Naturg. Ins., p. 1 (1855). (Europe.) A. madroni (Bemis), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 507 (1904). (California.) A. merlini (Bemis), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 512 (1904). (California.) A. morrilli (Britton), Ent. News (Phila.), vol. 18, p. 340 (1907). (Connecticut.) A. packardi (Morrill), Canad. Ent,, vol. 35, p. 25 (1903). (Eastern United States.) A. pergandei (Quaintance), Tech. Ser. 8, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 31 (1900). A. phillyrex (Haliday), The Ent. Mag., vol. 2, p. 119 (1834). (Europe.) A. rolfsii (Quaintance), Canad. Ent., vol. 31, p. 90 (1899). (Florida.) A. ruboru.a (Cockerell), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, vol. 5, p. 9 (1897). (Florida.) A. sonchi (I'otinskv), Bui. 2, Div. Ent. Board Comm. Agr. & Forestry, Hawaii, p. 97 (1907). (Hawaii.) A. tentaculatus (Bemis), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 494 (1904). (California.) A. vaporariorum (Westwood), The Gardener's Chronicle, p. 852 (1856). (Thought to be a native of Brazil; now quite generally distributed.) Syn.: nicotianae Maskell. Syn. : papillifcr Maskell. Syn.: lecanioides Maskell. A. variabilis (Quaintance), Tech. Ser. 8, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 39 (1900). (Florida.) A. vitrineUus (Cockerell), Ent. News (Phila.), vol. 14, p. 241 (1903). (Mexico.) A. vittatus (Quaintance), Tech. Ser. 8, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept, Agr., p. 42 (1900). (California.) A. waldeni (Britton), Ent. News (Phila.), vol. IS, p. 339 (1907). (Connecticut.) * A. ivcllmanx (Bemis), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 525 (1904). (California.) 106 liii: a!.k\ BODID.fi. Genus ALETJROTITHIUS n. gen. (PI. XX III. figs. ! -16, PI; XXVII] Pupa <•.•»><• of medium size, elliptic in outline, yellowish to darker in color; margin toothed, the wax tube but little developed; Bub- marginal are bed from dorsal disk by an irregular row of -mall papillae and marked by many suture-like lines; dorsal disk covered with patches of large mammiform papillae; {radical folds not dis- cernible, cretion copious, .like threads from the <: papilla 1 . Vasiform orifice broadly subcordate, the operculum about half filling it; caudal extremity of lingula exposed, lobed, and bear- ing a pair <>f spines. Adult with one flexure in radial sector of forewing and no trac< media; antennae of seven segments, of which the third is the longest, the four distal segments subequal. Ovipositor and labium extremely Type, timberlakei Quaintance and Baker. Speciks or thk Genus AiiBuboothius. Aleurotithius timberlakei n. sp. (PI. XLIII, figs. 1-16; PI. XLVIII.) This species is represented in the collection by three lots of material. The first, Quaintance No. 8732, was collected by Mr. P. II. Timber- lake, July 14, 1912, in the upper Sonoran Zone, San Jacinto Mountains. California. The second, Quaintance No. 8818, was forwarded by II. S. Smith and represents specimens collected by Mr. R. K. Bishop at Santa Ana. Cal. The third lot was sent by Mr. Bishop from Santa Ana, May, 1913. All specimens were collected on I\r'«>n the leaf, t here is a prominent rim of waxy secretion which elevates the case extremely from the leaf and there is an abundant dorsal secretion composed of more or less fused waxen rods from the mammiform papillae. Tech. Series 27, Part II, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Oept. of Agriculture. Plate XLIII. Aleurotithius timberlakei. Fig. 1.— Pupa case, dorsal view. Fig. 2.— Margin of pupa .Case. Fig. 3.— Dorsal papilla of pupa case. Fig. 4.— Papilla? of submarginal area of pupa case. Fig. 5.— Vasiform orifice. Fig 6.— Appearance of dorsal papillae seen in dorsal aspect. Fig. 7.— Forewing. Fiu r . 8.— Margin of forewing. Fig. 9.— Distal segment of tarsus in claw of adult. Fig. 10.— Vasiform orifice of adult. Fig. 11.— Genitalia of male, dorsal view. Fig. 12.— Genitalia of male, lateral view. Fig. 13.— Ovipositor of female, showing ovipositor folded. Fvi. 14.— Ovipositor of female with ovipositor extended. Fig. 15.— Mentum of adult. Fig. 10.— Antenna of adult. (Original.) Tech. Series 27, Part II, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Plate XLIV. 3 TETRALEURODES MORI. Fig. 1.— Forewing of female. Fig. 2.— Forewing of male. Fig. 3.— Antenna of adult female. Fig. I— Genitalia of male. Fig. 5.— Distal end of valves of male genii aha. Fig. 6.— Adult claw. Fig. 7.— Tarsi of adult. Fig. 8.— Egg. Fig. 9.— Polygonal markings ol egg surface. *ig. 10.— Larva, first instar. Fig. 11.— Larva, second instar. Fig. 12.— Margin of case of larva, second instar. Fig. 13.— Pupa case, dorsal vhw. Fig. 14. -Margin of pupa case. Fig. 15.— A asiform orifice of pupa case. Fig. 16.— Vasiform orifice of adult. Fig. 17.— Lateral view, vasiform orifice of adult. (Original.) ' Platl XLV. 10 S«J| Aleurolobus marlatti. Fig. L. — Egg. Fig. 2.— Larva, firsl insl it. 1 ig. Vasiform orifice of larva, first b i. Larva, second instar. Fig. 5. -Margin of case of Ian i, second a aform orifice of larva, second instar. Fig. 7. -Lingula of larva, g. &. Larva, third instar. Fig ' irva, third instar. Fig. 10. Vasiform orifice of larva, third instar. Fig. 11. -Pupa casa, dorsal view. Fig. 12. — Vasiform orifice and surrounding tnlobed area of pupa case. V\j:. 13. -Margin of ; Fig. 14. -Thoracic tracheal comb of teeth of pupa case. Fig. 15. -Forewing. Fig. 16.— Male genitalia, lateral vn Tech. Series 27, Part li, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. r< Agr PLATE XLVI. Pupa Cases of Aleyrodin/e. Fig- \.—Diahurod(s citri, pupa case on leaf. Fig. 2.—Aleuroparadoxus iridescens, pupa case on leaf. Fig. 3.— Aleurocanthus spinifcrus, pupa case on leaf. Fig. -i.-Ahurotrachdus tracheifer, pupa case on leaf. Fig. 5.— PecUius kdloggi, pupa case on leaf. Fig. 6.— Aleyrodes spira pupa case on leaf. (Original.) Tech. Series 27, Part II, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Plate XLVII. Pupa Cases cf Aleyrodin>e. Fig. l.—Aleurolobus marlatti, pupa case on leaf. Fig. 2.—Asterochiton abviilonea, pupa rase on leaf. Fig. Z.— Tetraleurodes mori, pupa case on leaf. Fig. 4. — Aleurothrixus howardi, pupa case on leaf. (Original.) Tech. Series : <:-au of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. PLATE X LV 111. Aleurotithius TIMBERLAKEI. Aleurotithius timtierlakci showing infestation of underside of leaves of Eriodictyon tununtosum. (Original.) GENUS TETRALEURODES. 107 Adult female. — Length from vertex to tip of ovipositor with this organ folded 1.392 rnm. ; color brownish yellow, dusky on appendages; eyes and tip of labium dark brown. Forewing (PI. XLIII, fig. 8) 1.52 by 0.64 mm., slightly shaded with dusky; radial sector in about the middle of the wing: margin (PL XLIII, fig. 9) armed with rounded teeth which appear to be devoid of hairs. Legs long, hind tibia 0.608 mm., hind tarsus, proximal segment 0.26 mm., distal segment 0.112 mm. Labium (PI. XLIII, fig. 11) extremely long, particularly the distal segment, which is 0.384 mm., while the second segment is 0.08 mm. Ovipositor (PL XLIII, figs. 13, 14) extremely long and acute, usually carried folded (PL XLIII, fig. 13), in which position it measures 0.32 mm. ; when extended, 0.608 mm. Antenna! segments (PL XLIII, fig. 16) with the following proportional lengths: II, 0.067 mm.; Ill, 0.17 mm.; IV, 0.067 mm.; V, 0.075 mm.; VI, 0.0625 mm.; VII, 0.05 mm.; distal segments subcylindric, imbricated; III with a distal fringed sensorium and a stout spine; V and VII each with a circular fringed sensorium. Adult male. — Similar to the female in general characters and color. Length 1.04 mm.; forewing 1.2 by 0.48 mm.; hind tibia 0.56 mm.; hind tarsus, proximal segment 0.192 mm., distal segment 0.096 mm.; labium with the distal segment 0.384 mm., and the second 0.08 mm. Claspers (PL XLIII, figs. 10, 15) somewhat straight, 0.208 mm. long, each clasper with a median longitudinal angle which is armed with a row of six or seven stout spines. Type. — No. 1479, L T . S. National Museum. Described from males and females in balsam mounts and pupa cases in balsam mounts and dry upon foliage. Quaintance No. 8830. This species shows a remarkable adaptation to its host plant. The leaves of this plant, Eriodictyon iomentosum, are very hairy, so much so that aleyrodids with mouthparts of usual length could not feed upon them. In this species the mentum and setse are much elongated, enabling the species to reach through the hairy covering and puncture the leaf tissue for food. Similarly the ovipositor is greatly elongated to enable the female to place its eggs directly on the leaf epidermis — the universal habit among species of this family. Genus TETRALEURODES (Cockerell) n. gen. (PL XLIV, figs. 1-17; PI. XL VII, fig. 3.) Pupa case variable in size, elliptic to broadly oval in outline, usually dense black in color; margin of case with distinct teeth, the wax tubes usually well developed; submarginal area separated from dorsal disk and conspicuously fluted by suture-like lines; dorsum without papillae, though minute pores may be present; reniform "eye spots" often evident on cephalic portion of case; tracheal folds, as a rule, not discernible; wax secretion usually a more or less copious 108 CLASSIFICATION OF THE ALEYRODID^E. fringe from marginal wax tubes. Vasiform orifiec small, subcordate, sometimes rounded; operculum similar in shape and almost entirely filling the orifice, obscuring the lingula; orifice usually elevated on a tubercle-like projection of the dorsum. Adult with one flexure in radial sector of forewing and no trace of media. Antennae of seven segments, of which the third is the longest. Sexes about equal in size. Type, perileuca Cockerell; example, mori Quaintance. Species op the Genus Tetraleurodes (Ckll). T. abnormis (Quaintance), Tech. Ser. 8, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 17 (1900). (Florida.) T. acaciae (Quaintance), Tech. Ser. 8, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 19 (1900). (California; Mexico.) T. asparagi (Lewis), Journ. Quekett Microsc. Club (2), vol. 6, p. 88 (1895). (Natal.) T. aucubse (Kuwana), Pomona Journ. Ent., vol. 3, no. 4, p. 625 (1911). (Japan.) T. corni (Haldeman), Amer. Journ. Sci. & Arts, vol. 9, p. 109 (1850). (Penn- sylvania.) T. dorseyi (Kirkaldy), Bui. 2, Div. Ent. Bd. Comm. Agr. & Forestry, Hawaii, p. 52 (1907). (California.) Syn.: quaintancei Bemis. T. errans (Bemis), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 500 (1904). (California.) T. marginata (Newstead), Mitteil. aus dem zool. Mus. in Berlin, vol. 5, pt. 2, p. 172 (1911). (East Africa.) T. melanops (Cockerell), Bui. 67, Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 665 (1903). (California.) T. mori (Quaintance), Canad. Ent., vol. 31, p. 1 (1899). (Eastern United States.) T. mori maculata (Morrill), Psyche, vol. 10, p. 81 (1903). (Massachusetts.) T. mori arizonensis (Cockerell), Science Gossip, n. s., vol. 6, p. 366 (1900). (Ari- zona.) T. nigrans (Bemis), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 522 (1904). (California.) T. perileuca (Cockerell), Bui. 67, Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 664 (1903). (California; Texas.) T. plumosa (Quaintance), Tech. Ser. 8, Div. Ent,, U. S. Dept, Agr., p. 33 (1900). T. splendens (Bemis), Proc. IT. S. Nat, Mus., vol. 27, p. 489 (1904). (California.) T. stanfordi (Bemis), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 508 (1904). (California.) T. stellata (Maskell), Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 28, p. 442 (1895). (Australia.) T. stgphelix (Maskell), Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 28, p. 442 (1895). (Aus- tralia.) T. ursorum (Cockerell), Canad. Ent., vol. 42, p. 171 (1910). (Colorado.) Genus ALEUROLOBUS n. gen. (PI. XLV, figs. 1-16; PI. XLVII, fig. 1.) Pupa case of medium size, subelliptic to oval in outline ; color usually dark brown to blackish; margin toothed, the wax tubes only mod- erately developed; submarginal area separated from dorsal disk and much fluted by suture-like lines; dorsum without papillas, though minute pores may be present; tracheal folds evident in some species, though obscure or wanting in others; when present terminating on margin of case in a few specialized teeth; reniform "eye spots" UNPLACED SPECIES OF OLD GENUS ALEYRODES. 109 usually present on cephalic portion of case; wax secretion usually present as a narrow fringe from marginal wax tubes, and sometimes on dorsum. Vasiform orifice subcordate; operculum similar in shape, almost filling the orifice, obscuring the lingula; orifice sur- rounded by a definite trilobed figure, the lobes of which form a channel from the orifice caudad to margin of case. Adult with a single flexure in radial sector of forewing and no spur of media; wings usually marked with reddish. Antennae of seven segments; in the female, III longest; in the male, VII often as long or longer than other segments together. Type, marlatti Quaintance. Species op the Genus Aleurolobus. A. barodensis (Maskell), Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 28, p. 242 (1895). (India.) A. longicornis (Zehntner), Arch. Java Suikerind., vol. 5, p. 381 (1897). (Java.) A. marlatti (Quaintance), Canad. Ent., vol. 34, p. 61 (1902). (Japan.) A. niger (Maskell), Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 28, p. 437 (1895). (Australia.) A. Simula (Peal), Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 72, p. 81 (1903). (India.) A. taonabx (Kuwana), Pomona Journ. Ent., vol. 3, no. 4, p. 623 (1911). (Japan.) UNPLACED SPECIES OF THE OLD GENUS ALEYRODES. The writers have not been able satisfactorily to place the following species of the old genus Aleyrodes in any of the foregoing genera on account of inadequate descriptions. It is hoped that those familiar with these species will indicate their proper s} T stematic position. A. atriplex Froggatt, Agr. Qazette New South Wales, vol. 22, p. 757 (1911). (New- South Wales.) A. avellanx Signoret, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (4), vol. 8, p. 385 (1867). (France.) A. carpini Koch, Die Pflanzenlaiise Aphiden, p. 327 (1857). (Europe.) A. complanatum (Barensprung) D' Alton & Burmeister, Zeit. f. Zool., vol. 1, p. 169 (1849); Spec. Bui. 88, Mass. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 330 (1903). (Germany.) A. tuphorbix Loew, Verhandl. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 17, p. 746 (1867). (Austria.) A. Jilicicola Newstead, Mitteil. aua dem zool. Mus. in Berlin, vol. 5, pt. 2, p. 174 (1911). (East Africa.) A.fraxini Signoret, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (4), vol. 8, p. 386 (1867). (France.) A. gossypii Fitch, Third Rep. Nox. and other Ins. N. Y., p. 332 (1857). (Ningpo, China.) A. goyabx Goeldi, Mittheil. schweiz. ent. Ges., vol. 7, p. 248 (1886). (Rio d« Janeiro, Brazil.) A. jelinekii Frauenfeld, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, p. 799 (1867). (France; Austria.) A. tabaci Gennadius, Agricolt. Ellenica (Gennaio) (1889) ; also Targioni-Tozetti, Animali ed. Ensetti del Tobacco, p. 246 (1892). (Greece.) A. tinxoides Blanchard, Hist. Fisica y Polit. de Chile, Zoologia, vol. 7, p. 320 (1840). (Chile.) A. vaccinii Kunow, Ent. Nachr., vol. 6, p. 48 (1880). (Germany.) A. zimmermanni Newstead, Mitteil. aus dem zool. Mus. in Berlin, vol. 5, pt. 2, p. 173. O ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT 01 DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING 011X3 WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 15 CENTS PER COPY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA Mill llllllll 3 1262 09216 4887