E-7Q4 September 1946 United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Administration Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine COLONIZATION OF THE ORGANISM CAUSING MILKY DISEASE OF JAPANESE BEETLE LARVAE , 1939-1945 U By R. T. White and P. J. McCabe, Division of Fruit Insect Investigations It has been clearly demonstrated that certain spore-forming bacteria, such as Bacillus popilliae Dutky and B. lentlmorbus Dutky, are playing a major role in the control of the Japanese beetle ( Popillia japonica Newm. } • In order to supplement the natural spread and accelerate the build-up of the milky diseases caused by these organisms, an extensive program of distribution of one of the organisms, B. popilliae , which causes the type-A milky disease, has been in progress since 1939 • This colonization pro- gram has been conducted by the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine in cooperation with a number of State and Federal agencies. A resume of this work through 1942 was published in 1943 (E-605). Since that time distribution has been continued throughout the heavily infested beetle area. The purpose of this report is to make available to cooperative State and Federal agencies the information on the status of this program at the end of the calendar year 1945 • Since the method of production and distribution of this disease was discussed in the previous article, it need not be re- peated here. Some of the cooperating States sent diseased Japanese beetle larvae to the laboratory at Moorestown, N. J., for processing, after which the final spore-dust material was returned to them for distribution. The total quantities of spore dust produced in this manner to the end of 1945 are as follows: Connecticut 475 pounds, Delaware 2,208 pounds, Maryland 66,898 pounds, New York 10,376 pounds, Ohio 1,940 pounds. In addition, the Bureau produced 41>03° pounds. Some of this was used to augment the State totals above and some was given to various other States that did not furnish any material for processing, A summary of the distribution of type-A milky disease through- out the beetle area from 1939 to 1945 is presented in table 1. The colonization sites include government as well as nongovernment properties. Table 2 summarizes the colonization data according to States. 2 A map showing the distribution of milky-disease colonies throughout the area infested by the Japanese beetle from 1939 to 1945 is shown in figure 1. Each dot on this map represents a colony site. A single site may involve a number of individual areas, as on a golf course, and may vary in size from less than l/2 acre to 1,200 acres. Not included on this map or in the tables are over 250 strictly experimental plots in 10 States and the District of Columbia, which can also be considered as points from which the disease will spread. The small number of sites appearing in some counties as in North Carolina, Massachusetts, and upper New York, is due to the beetle occurring only in localized areas. Likewise, the compara- tively small number of sites in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania is due to natural spread of the disease making further treatment less urgent than in areas showing no natural disease occurrence. Table 1. — Number of sites treated with type-A milky disease, 1939-1945 State and County 1939 1940- 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Total Connecticut Fairfield — — 383 300 33 16 9 741 Hartford — — 33 870 393 ~ — 1,296 Litchfield — — 2 — — — — 2 Middlesex — — 2 — 174 — — 176 New Kaven — — 43 300 360 8 3 7U New London — — 4 — — — 2 6 Total — — 4S7 1,470 956" 24 14 2,935 Delaware Kent — — 913 833 46 1 — 1,793 New Castle — — 1,168 15 215 — -- 1,398 Sussex _ ZI _ — 209 825 319 — — 1,353 Total — — 2,290 1,673 ISO 1 — 4,544 District of Columbia — 26 10 8 18 5 — 67 Maryland Allegany — 453 350 603 246 32 46 1,730 Anne Arundel — 744 127 1 ,122 878 305 106 3,282 Baltimore — 433 846 775 856 2,226 470 5,606 Baltimore (city) — 1,285 1,146 2 ,240 1,330 642 751 7,394 Calvert 98 54 129 175 30 51 537 Caroline — 174 305 642 234 290 292 1,937 Carroll 66 677 327 168 132 105 1,475 Cecil — 583 584 334 715 475 341 3,032 Charles — 144 83 242 47 42 400 958 Dorchester — 1,191 488 317 188 272 75 2,531 Frederick 59 313 376 221 286 495 1,750 Garrett 15 15 - 3 - Table 1. — (continued). State and County 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Total Maryland Harford 317 1,137 542 326 339 200 2,861 Howard 199 157 371 232 126 175 1,260 Kent 573 855 565 499 286 182 2,960 Montgomery 607 1,279 1,027 431 310 252 3,906 Prince Georges 627 1,293 1,122 296 389 372 4,099 Queen Amies 238 855 806 291 118 281 2,589 St. Marys _ J, 11 51 10 72 Somerset 319 285 389 127 155 331 1,606 Talbot 180 329 613 206 198 224 1,750 Washington 172 513 618 301 166 50 1,820 Wicomico 88 221 465 25 228 53 1,080 Worcester 283 243 481 64 116 32 1,219 Total 8,844 12,191 14,106 7,866 \ ',163 i >,299 55,469 Massachusetts Berkshire — — — — — — 1 1 Hampden — — — 6 — 1 — 7 Hampshire — — — — — 11 2 Middlesex — — — -.11 Total ~ — — 6" 3 2 11 New Jersey Atlantic — 8 11 — — — ~ 19 Bergen — 16 — — — — — 16 Burlington — 38 2 — — — — 40 Camden — 12 — — — — — 12 Cape May — — 17 — — — — 17 Cumberland — 27 3 — — — — 30 Essex — 12 — 1 — — — 13 Gloucester — 19 — — — — — 19 Hudson — 3 — — — — — 3 Hunterdon 37 — — — — — — 37 Mercer 18 — — — — — — 18 Middlesex 26 — 1 — — — — 27 Monmouth 44 — 2 — — — — 46 Morris — 34 2 — — — ~ 36 Ocean — 30 — — — — — 30 Passaic — 10 — — — — — 10 Salem — 27 5 — 1 — 33 Somerset 28 — — — — — — 28 Union 8 — — — — — — 8 Warren — 20 — — 1 21 Total TET 250" 43 1—11 4o7 Table 1. — (continued) - 4 - State and County 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Total New York Albany — — 2 ~ 16 65 76 159 Bronx — — — 4, 30 50 — 84 Broome — — — — 2 6 — 8 Chemung ~ 4 ~ 2 6 ~ 12 Columbia — — 1 6 — 7 Dutchess — — 8 15 43 113 233 412 Erie — — — ~ 2 2 Greene — — — — — 3 — 3 Herkimer — — — — 4 9 13 Kings — 2 4 28 18 2 54 Livingston — — — — — 1 54 55 Monroe — — 1 — — 11 26 38 Montgomery — — — — — 3 — 3 Nassau ~ — 38 172 242 527 264 1,243 New York -- -- 3 13 10 10 3 39 Onondaga — — — — — 14 — 14 Oneida — — — -- 9 9 Ontario — — — 1 — — — 1 Orange — — 2 33 37 52 39 163 Oswego — — — — 12 2 — 14 Putnam -- 5 3 14 35 15 72 Queens — 5 8 121 112 11 257 Rensselaer — — — 12 17 20 Richmond — — 6 20 10 — 1 37 Rockland -- — 24 63 44 75 3 209 Saratoga — — — — 6 — 2 8 Schenectady — — — 4 2 34 40 Schuyler — — — — — 5 — 5 Seneca — — — — — 5 — 5 Steuben — — — — — 10 50 60 Suffolk — — 2 45 34 89 147 317 Sulliyan — — — — — — 1 1 Tioga — — — — — 3 — 3 Tompkins — — — — — 5 — 5 33 2 885 Ulster 2 3 5 11 12 Warren 2 Westchester 8 45 108 210 404 110 Total 8 149 492 8^4 1,660 1,109 North Carolina Buncombe 1 1 Henderson 6 1 Rowan 3 Watauga 1 Total 1 9 1 2 2 7 3 1 13 - 5 - Table 1. — (continued). State and County 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Total Ohio Cuyahoga — — 2 108 52 147 9 318 Gallia — — — 10 — — 1 11 Guernsey — — 1 — 1 — 15 17 Jeff orson — — — 2 — — — 2 Lake 1 — 2 1 4 Licking ~ — — — 2 2 Mahoning — 2 5 24 22 4 57 Tuscarawas — — — 7 — — — 7 Trumbull — — -- — — — 4 4 Total -- -- 5" 132 79 170 35 422 Pennsylvania Allegheny — — 2 — 1 3 Armstrong — — — 1 — 1 — 2 Berks ~ — 9 — 19 — — 28 Beaver — — — 1 — — — 1 Bucks — 3 8 — — 11 Chester — — 6 215 34 — — 255 Clinton — — 1 — 1 2 Cumberland — — — — 18 — 97 115 Dauphin — — 3 234 — 1 — 238 Delaware — — 12 37 — — — 49 Lancaster — -- 803 286 1 — 1 1,091 Lebanon — — 4 272 1 86 363 Lehigh — — 3 — — — — 3 Luzerne — — — 1 24 2 — 27 Lycoming — — 1 — 13 1 — 15 Montgomery — — 18 92 172 — — 282 Monroe — 1 1 78 — 80 Northampton — — 5 — — — — 5 Northumberland — — 7 — — — — 7 Perx*y — — — — — — — ? Philadelphia — ~ 7 53 — — — 60 Pike — — — — 1 1 Schuylkill — — — — 2 2 Westmoreland — — 12 1 10 — -- 23 York _-- _l 410 324 338 — 1,073 Total — — 891 1,347 9oT 349 184 3773o~ Rhode Island Newport — — — 1 — — — 1 Providence — — 6 19 17 1 17 60 Washington — — 1 — ~ 2 3 Bristol — — — — 2 2 Kent _-- _-- — _-- _-- — 1 1 Total — — o~ 21 17 1 22 "67" - 6 - Table 1. — (continued). State and County 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Total Virginia Arlington — 7 — — 17 10 1 35 Alexandria (city) — — — — 19 — — 19 Accomac — — 100 50 56 — — 20 6 Chesterfield 4 12 2 3 1 22 Fairfax — 1 62 40 107 21 12 243 Henrico — 4 — 24 6 — 11 45 Loudoun — — 102 237 47 65 49 500 Norfolk 3 — 2 — 2 7 Northampton — — 12 79 U6 — — 237 Prince William — — — — — 1 1 Princess Anne — — — 2 2 — 4 Powhatan — — — — — — 1 1 Roanoke — — — 3 — — — 3 Stafford — — 2 — — 2 4 Spotsylvania — — — 6 3 — 1 10 Shenandoah — — — — 1 — — 1 Westmoreland — — ~ — — 2 — 2 Total — 15 256" 457 4O0" 103 79 1,340 West Virginia Berkeley — — 2 — — 1 — 3 Mineral — — 3 — — 1 — 4 Ohio — — 1 — — — — 1 Taylor — — 2 — — — — £. 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