Eg Tet ee eae ee ae pe Ve KM atl Hg bte. pe tees D eh te HE or LP Bob De À FA See eh gl ie, es ee ee POS trips ee ee ee ee eh we AF Pe eee are Zt EO gE PG ATO tO À qe EEO IL Mae Tagg ee hy at mi se ah ri eid > tii LA bye ro’ ET LL OEP oF RES GS Sons id mt gh dre à ES he bats ltrs F Me ‘ x A etre TS = lo a Th et LCA ong ga8 Sats ealen Ao TE Re Net rte eee ah, Pate de y : = e = A aa Ve e ENT RER et etrnd 2 LSet hy agro tent © AO TA : PAR a À ee, ha Tg Meg Si LE de 3 gl te kom PM CS MR Et PRE er PE At di Pin oe Lo Ge ER TR PS LR ARE LE OL et Dat shin = aan? “as an a Nees = 2 = > à pS mit à Er mA o te Pic Roa aber tenn -" DER Fe * x = pa ‘ EST - = rit Sn = CUS - « à - ~~ . : Pose) po are SES D Rat NaN Ae Be he 8 I ts 4 Le NO PE PERRY RC SPACE eee LR = Fa € ate a ie tie: ode = TE > + war 2 ie = — x EH a SE dag TE PT es re DS ER ene eS) TaD eb > Ti Se pie Se =F À el nae bia ae i Py os (ures i S 5 Ne) CP AS A Ag? ARTE Ton on D Crimes. ER omg Settee TB "Fe hee nO ot Bache HM So” $f 000 M 0 es HE Se LS aod 7 * PR « % ere “ ° OR Fg Mh Pe MM ll LP On a tg in tng ng wt FT i main ES AG ee te ee rot FT PR LT AM AT a dau LS SL Solaris LS tet att Aye Pe Chg a Bt RP See tg eg OY ORE I PM ie Ps RTE Pag gh om A 6m Éd To LR LE TA SR At Rar eA Pitt ere fs tte. es Satara! ee ee MOTE: 3- - outs Anne Ces Der BP Mette? re ry £ ‘bina Pulte” A FPE ES Rnb eh TI M af À € er = — Pe EE i . oP oes ME Sint dt he dhe a a ee ee ee RE d a Pasta ng op at tae Pair Wig Pa Betta gS Egg Fa OE GB mo 5 € ion ate CRE PPT TE CP EURE RE CR EEE 7 Pa er ies Ex =. Mee ee ae Pre Tan Re, 2 =~ #2 ve ~ mA 9 ee A tte CR ee LD Eu ne ee Sanne thie, his Seeman 7 STP Pigg HES test ernie oie æ A À di. a he 1 4 FA oo eR ie =7 D Bie a el ge ea ant i i tg > ten RSS TR EEE Se Ee Or tr Pol ate etn RES ARE RS A em Vo Au à LS BD op En D ee th To Mo nS ata er. Po mn FRE er ee Dy ce aap on iP =e ~ areas 5 hy. iam ae +, faeces -s ans Tate er rl ee ~ =o ee ee ete ar PRs re FP. - - > s ee en + Fa et FR att D etre D a oe AE Mgr es Le LE rs Penn : = le el
ne re Pas pre Frères etn a ik etal De
ce 8
Ree eee a oe a ie ae
Pht, Pts Ve PT areca CORRE rime FSi he D, 4 : ah oe
tee a Ee € Cr Des D he tr ah Le >, e aoe =
Der Pr Pr vd
D eee ee Anes See REE a ee ES ee one + eee:
= ee tua PRÉ a Trier - i" * a un Fito oe 2 0
rs > PRE RE AT il x8 > +: pe à , es nan À Pre Aa yg re ee 2 te
rte Een tn —— nee es PAR, a SS — os » en gt teat tr = nt aie = het ary
tidal PP at she CT ES D El ee
~ RE ta Boye) = CS rm cé nat Sint innit a tac ae At, pl À era he mort d
oe + PASS nt *
Dm ashe rene Magie Som dye : ASF vn aon? La e ES Le ie Rens nr,
_ 2 RER ER SE ER EE Sa =
DR MS AS + ot., botany, botanique
brew., brewing, terme de brasseur
build., building, construction
butch., butcher’s term, boucherie
eabirret-mak., cabinet-making, ébénisterie
can. law, canon law, droit canon
oe
.» carpentry, charpenterie
h. lit., Roman Catholic liturgy,
catholique
Cath. rel., Roman Catholic religion, religion
holique
pm., chemistry, chimie
n.,chronology, chronologie
Civ., civil, civil
civ. engin., civil engineering, génie civil
civ. law, civil law, droit civil
coin., coining, monnayage
com., commerce, commerce
com. nav., commercial navigation, commerce
maritime
Comp., comparative, comparatif
conf., confectionery, confiserie
cenj., conjunction, conjonction
cook., cookery, cuisine
£ Oop., cooperage, tonnellerie
4
crim. law, criminal law, droit criminel
cust., customs, douanes
at., dative case, datif
ef., defective, défectif
em. pron., demonstrative pronoun, pronom
“démonstratif 2
dipl., diplomacy, diplomatie
distillery, distillerie
.» drawing, dessin
eccl., eccles., ecclesiastical, ecclésiastique
Hect., electricity, électricité
ngin., engineering, génie civil
g1., English, England, Anglais, Angleterre
agr., engraving, gravure
.y feminine, féminin
&., falconry, fauconnerie
sy familiar, familier
liturgie !
' 8694453
“* INDEX TO THE ABBREVIATIONS,
fenc., fencing, escrime
feud., feudal, feudalism, féodal, féodalit?
fig., figuratively, au figure
fin., finance, finances
fish., fishing, péche
fort., fortification, fortification
Fr., French, France, Français, France
fut., future, futur
geog., geography, géographie
geol., geology. géologie
geom., geometry, géométrie
Gr., Greek, Grec
gram., grammar, grammaire
her., heraldry, blason
hist., history, histoire
horol., horology, horlogerie
hort., horticulture, horticulture
hunt., hunting, chasse
imp., impersonal, impersennel
ind., indicative mood, indicatif
inf., infinitive mood, infinitif
instr., instrument, instrument
int., interjection, interjection
inter., interrogatively, interrogativemens
irr., irregular, irrégulier
jest., jestingly, par plaisanterie
Jew., Jewish, Juif
jowel., iswellery, joaillerie, bijouterie
lit., liturgy, liturgie
liter., literature, littérature
log., logic, logique
m., masculine, masculin
mach., machinery, machines
Mahom. rel., Mahomedan religion, religion
mahométane
manu., manufacture, manufacture
Hias., masonry, maçonnerie
math., mathematics, mathématiques
meas., measure, mesure
mech., mechanics, mécanique
med., medicine, médecine
metal., metallurgy, métallurgie
mil., military art, art militaire
mil. engin., military engineering, génie mili-
taire
min., mineralogy, minéralogie
mus., music, musique
myth., mythology, mythologie
n., neuter, neutre
nat. hist., natural history, histoire naturelle
mav., navy, marine
navig., navigation, navigation
need., needle-work, ouvrage à l'aiguille
neg., negation, negatively, with a negation, néga-
tion, négativement, avec une négation
neut., neuter, neutre
nom., nominative case, eee rb 7. 08
2 |
2 PLAN OF THE WORK.
O., one, un
Obj., objective case, régime direct
opt., optics, optique
O.’Sy ONe’S, SON, SA, ses
8., substantive, substantif x
school, term used in schools, terme @écoles
sculp., sculpture, sculpture |
shoot., shooting, chasse |
sing., singular, singulier
.|.Spin., spinning, filature
paint., painting, peinture
Pari., parliamentary language, langage parlemen-
tatre
part., participle, participe - ;,
pers., (said of) persons, (des) personnes _
pers. pron., personal pronoun, pronom per-
sonnel
persp., perspective, perspective
pharm., pharmacy, pharmacie
Philos., philosophy, philosophie
phys., physics, natural philosophy, pnysique
pl., plural, pluriel
poet., poetry, poésie
polit., politics, politique
pop., popular (vulgar), populaire
POSS., possessive, possessif
post., post-office, poste
prep., preposition, préposition
pret., preterit, prétérit
print., printing, imprimerie
pron., pronoun, pronom
r., reflective, réfléchi
rail., railways, chemins de fer
rel., religion, religion
rel. order, religious order, ordre religieux
rel. pron., relative pronoun, pronom relatif
rhet., rhetoric, rhétorique
rid., riding, manége
Rom., Roman, Romain
stat., stationery, papeterie
subj., subjunctive mood, subjonctif
substant., substantively, substantivement
super., superlative, superlatif
surg., surgery, chirurgie
tech., technology, technologie ©
theat., theatres, thédtres
theol., theology, théologie
univers., universities, universités «
V., vide, see, voir
V., verb, verbe
v.a., verb active, verbe actif
v.n., verb neuter, verbe neutre
V.r., verb reflective, verbe réflécht; verb re
ciprocal, verbe réciproque x
vers., versification, versification
vet., veterinary art, art vétérinaire
writ., writing, écriture
ZOOL., zoology, zoologie
PLAN OF THE WORK.
+ Indicates that the gn, 1, or ll, is liquid.
Ÿ Means that ch is sounded like k.
* Denotes that the h or o or y is aspirated.
* Indicates that the u in quis sounded as in
“* Aquatic.”
§ Indicates that the win qu has its pure French
sound.
Qu not preceded by either of the above signs, is
sounded like g alone: thus quatre is pronounced
qatre, qui is pronounced qi, &c.
— Stands for the repetition of the leading word.
- Before final letters or syllables, shows the
masculine termination, when followed by the femi-
nine: as Curieu-x, se, curieux, m., curieuse, f. ;
Protec -teur, trice, protecteur, m., protectrice, f.
Words being essentially French, though used to
some extent in England, will generally be found
only in the French-English part, where they are
reestablished by translatir à into their old English
form,. from: which there never'was any reason to
deviate.—But all words like boudoir, amateur,
parachute, &c., borrowed from the French and
having no English equivalent in one or more
senses, are duly given in the English-French part.
French words in common use, for which there is
no English equivalent (as bavaroise, entresol, feuille
ton, bois satiné, &c.) have been inserted, but with
a definition (an accurate one) instead of an attempt
at an impossible translation.
English words for whieh there is no French
equivalent, such as ‘teapoy,’ ‘ pulled bread,’
‘valentine’ (letter), and.a multitude of others,
have been cast aside, as they can only be badly
translated.
Every barbarous word from the dead languages,
of which there is a good duplicate either in French
or in English, has also been kept out.
Fancy denominations. partaking of the nature
of trade-puff advertisements, &c., have of course
been deemed quite unworthy of a place in this
Dictionary.
Adjectives being part of a vers, such as Encou-
rageant, ‘encouraging,’ ‘inspiriting,’ from Encou-
RAGER, ‘to encourage,’ ‘to inspirit,’ Critiqué,
‘criticized,’ ‘censured,’“from CriTIQuER, ‘to criti-.
cize,’ ‘to censure,’ &c., have been omitted when-
ever they have not a distinet serise from those
given under the verb; ät.is the province of a
Er not that of a dictionary, to conjugate
verbs. |
| $1. English and French words ending as men-
tioned below, generally differ only in their termi-
nation :—
Substantives derived from the Greek, and end-
ing in English with logy, sophy, graphy,
pathy, tomy, or any such way, change y into
ie in French, and are feminine. ay
Examples :—
English. French.
chronology, chronologie, f.
philosophy, Philosophie, f.
geography, géographie, f.
antipathy, antipathie, f.
anatomy ; &c. anatomie, f.; &c.
Adjectives ending in English with ic or ical,
generally end in French with ique for both genders ;
Adverbs formed from those adjectives, end in
English with ically or icly, and in French with
iquement.
Examples :—
i ’ English. French.
patriotic, patriotique
historic, historical, historique
historically, historiquement
publicly ; &c. publiquement ; &c.
But the adjective ‘public’ is in French publique only in
the feminine gender, the masculine being public, as in
| English.
Substantives ending in English with ism, gene-
rally end in French with isme, and are masculine,
Example :—
English.
patriotism, &c.
French,
patriotisme, m., &c.
Substantives and Adjectives ending in English
with ist, generally end in French with iste; they
bare masculine when applied to a man, and femi-
nine when applied to a female.
Examples :—
English. French.
dentist, dentiste, m.
pianist; &c. pianiste, m.f.; &c.
Substantives ending in English with bility or
| bleness, generally end in French with bilité, and
are feminine; as ‘impossibility,’ impossibilité (£),
‘instability’ or ‘instableness,’ instabilité (f.), &c.
So the student can easily coin for himself, if he
pleases, those which, like ‘palpability’ and a
multitude of others, are not sufficiently current to
_be allowed to fill, to the exclusion of far better
words, whole pages in this Dictionary.
_ § 2. It would be impossible to insert even in the
largest dictionary all the compound nouns that
may be formed in English. The following rule,
about those which can be translated almost lite:
“rally into French, will be useful. The order of the
English nouns is to be inverted in French, and de
or & placed between them:
__ DE, where of, of the, made of or from, composed
of, forming part of, coming from, &c., may be
understood ; .
_A, where for, used for, intended for, for the
purpose of, by means of, with, &c., may be
}
f
&
understood.
“
4
3
| OBSERVATIONS.
Examples: table DE cuisine (kitchen-table), table A
thé (tea-table); robe DE soie (silk-dress), ver a seie
(silk-worm), ver DE terre (earth-worm); sac DE
papier (paper-bag, made of paper), sac A papier
(paper-bag, for putting paper in); sucre DE canne
(cane-sugar), canne A sucre (Sugar-cane) ; moulin
A eau (water-mill), chute p’eau (water-fall); boîte
A couteaux (knife-box) ; bain DE pieds (foot-bath) ;
huile DE foie DE morue (cod-liver oil); vin DE
Bourgogne (Burgundy wine); confitures DE fraises
(strawberry jam);
train); gare DE Paris (Paris terminus); &c.
train DE Londres (London.
There are a few exceptions, as ‘salle de bains,” .
‘salle de danse,’ ‘cabinet de toilette,’ and the like.
But, with a verb, à is always used; as chambre A
coucher (sleeping-room), salle A manger (dining-
room), papier A écrire (writing-paper), cire A
cacheter (sealing-wax), &c.
In a determinate sense, the article du, dela, des,
is used instead of de only, and au, à la, aux, ins
stead of à only: as, ‘ the street-door ” (the door of
the street), la porte DE LA rue; a ‘letter-box’ (for
the letters to be sent by post), une boîte aux lettres;
&c. In speaking of made-dishes and drinks,andin
the sense of ‘mixed with’ or ‘done in’ or ‘come
posed chiefly (but not entirely) of,’ au, à la,aux,are
also used ; as, du café AU lait, une glace A La creme,
une tarte AUX confitures, &c.—So, according to this
and to the principal] rule, ‘ a currant jam tart’ is,
in French,une tarte aux confitures DE groseilles; &c.
Connected with the above rule are phrases of
the following kind : ‘ silver-mounted penholder,*
porte-plume monté en argent ; ‘ marble-top dining-
room table,’ table de salle à manger à dessus de
marbre ; ‘blue-striped waistcoat,’ gilet à raies
bleues ; ‘double-cased watch,’ montre à double
il
nag
boîte ; ‘double-bedded room,’ chambre à deux lits; ~
‘a one-horse carriage,’ une voiture à un cheval ;
‘a four-horse goods van,’ un fourgon de mar-
chandises à quatre chevaux ; *a two-storied house,’
une maison à deux étages ; ‘ivory-handled knife,’ —
couteau à manche d'ivoire ; &c. In these examples
it will be noticed that à is used as corresponding
to the English ‘ with,’ in the sense of ‘ having,’
which is understood. See Gasc’s Second French
Book, pp. 75, 76, and 151.
An essential difference of construction in the
two languages is this: the French people always
go from the general to the particuiar, while the ©
English go from the particular to the general.
DE 1 2 3
Examples:‘ Cod-liver oil,’ huile de foie de morue; —
1 2 >
‘annual general meeting,’ assemblée générale an-
5 4 3 D 1
nuelle ;— Thames iron ship-building company,
1 2 3 , 4
compagnie de construction des bateaux en fer de la
5
Tamise ; &c.
*,* After names of recipients, such as verre
(glass), bouteille (bottle), tasse (cup), &c., DE always
means ‘of,’ or‘ made of,’ and the construction is
then usually the same in English and in French:
as, verre DE vin, ‘ glass of wine,’ bouteille D’encre,
‘bottle of ink,’ tasse DE café, ‘cup of coffee’;
bouteille de grés, ‘stone bottle,’ tasse de porcelaine,
‘china cup,’ &c. But, on the contrary, after the
same names, A is not translated into English,
and an inversion of the words must then always
be made: as, verry A vin, ‘wine-glass,’ bouteille
A encre, ‘ink-bottle,” tasse-a café, ‘ et &c,
2
\
\
\
4 OBSERVATIONS. ; {
§ 3. PLURAL or SUBSTANTIVES. —Substantives
generally end in the plural with s, in French as
well as in English ; as, pere, ‘father,’ pères, ‘fathers,’
&c. Adjectives, in French, generally end also with
s in the plural; as, bon père, ‘good father, bons
pères, ‘good fathers.’
Yet œil, ‘eye,’ makes yeux in the plural (except in the
compounds @il-de-beuf, wil-de-chat, &c., used ina figurative
sense, plural œils-de-bœuf, &c., where œils is pluralized
regularly) ; likewise ciel makes cieux in the plural (except
when it signifies the testers of beds, the roofs of quarries,
‘skies’ in painting, or climates, in which senses it makes
ciels); also aïeul, in the sense of ‘ancestor,’ makes aieux in
the plural, but in the sense of ‘ grandfather’ it makes aieuls,
to designate both grandfathers, the paternal and the ma.
ternal (sometimes also both one’s grandfather and grand-
mother considered together). The following, bonhomme,
gentilhomme, mcnsieur, monseigneur, madame, and made-
moiselle, make in the plural bonshommes, gentilshommes,
Messieurs, messeigneurs, mesdames, and mesdemoiselles,
Besides the general rule just mentioned, the
following peculiar rules and exceptions are worth
notice :
FRENCH SUBSTANTIVES AND ADJECTIVES ENDING
IN THE SINGULAR WITH—
al change L into ua for the plural; as, cheval,
plural chevaux; royal, plural royaux; &c.
EXxCEPT :—
SUBSTANTIVES. ADJECTIVES.
PLURAL. PLURAL,
aval, avals
bal, bals
bancal, bancals bancal, bancals
cal, cals choral, chorals
cafital, cantals fatal, fatals
caracal, caracals final, finals
carnaval, carnavals glacial, glacials
cérémonial, cérémonials | naval, navals
chacal, chacals tribal, tribals
choral, chorals
festival, festivals
galgal, galgals
narval, narvals
nopal nopals
pal, pals
régal, régals
rorqual, rorquals
sandal, sandals
serval, servals
val,* vals
verdal, verdals
* Val makes vaux only in the old
phrase par monts et par vauz.
ail take s at the end for the plural ; as, détail,
plural détails; rail, plural rails; &c.
Excerpt :— PLURAL.
aspirail, aspiraux
bail, baux
corail, coraux
diguail, diguaux
émail, émaux
fermail, fermaux
soupirail, soupiraux
travail,* travaux
vantail, vantaux
vitrail, vitraux
* Travail, in the sense of ‘ brake’ (farriers’ term), makes
travails instead of travaux. Bercail and Bétail are not used
in the plural.
au, eu, take x at the end for the plural; as,
tuyau, plural tuyaux ; chapeau, plural chapeaux;
nouveau, plural nouveaux ; jeu, plural jeux; &c.
EXCEPT :— PLURAL,
dizeau (substantive), dizeaus
bleu (adj. and subst.), bleus
feu (adj.),* feus iy
landau (substantive), landaug
But feu, subst., makes feux in the plural,
:| um arc-en-ciel,
|
|
|
|
ou take s at the end for the plural; as, ve
plural verrous; fou, plural fous; mou, olan
mous; &c. . +
|
EXCEPT :— PLURAL. +
bijou, bijoux 4
caillou, cailloux = |
chou, choux
genou, genoux
hibou, hiboux
joujou, joujoux
pou, poux
8, X, Z, do not change at all for the plural ;-as,
bras, plural bras; divers, plural divers; noix, plura]
noix; sérieux, plural sérieux; net, plural nez; &e,
No ExCEPTrIoN.
* The adjective tout makes tous in the plural_masculine,
and toutes in the plural feminine; but the substantive tout
makes touts in the plural.
Words naturally invariable, and which are only acciden- |
tally employed as substantives, do not take the mark of the
plural in French; thus we write les Pourquoi, les car, les si,
les oui, les non, les on dit, &c.
§ 4 PLURAL or COMPOUND SUBSTANTIVES.—
Compound substantives which have not yet passed
to the state of words, that is to say, whose distinct
parts are connected by a hyphen, are written in
the singular or in the plural, according as the
nature and particular sense of the words of which
they are composed require the one or the other
number. [In compound nouns, the only words
susceptible, by their nature, of taking the mark of
the plural, are the substantive and the adjective.)
Such is the general principle, whose application
will be facilitated by the following rules. |
1. When a word is composed of a substantive
and an adjective, both take the mark of the plural;
as,
wne chauve-souris, a bat,
pl. des chauves-souris,
tene basse-cour, a poultry-yard,
— des basses-cours,
To this rule there are a few exceptions; as, UNE
grand’mere, plural DES grand’ meres.
N.B.—Granp, without apostrophe, always agrees in
gender and number with its substdéntive, but GRAND’ is
always invariable.
2. When a compound word is formed of two
substantives placed immediately one after the
other, both take the mark of the plural ; as, ;
un chef-lieu,
a county town, pl. des chefs-lieux.
un chou-fleur,
a cauliflower, — des choux-fleurs. «
The exceptions to this rule take place when
there is no plurality in the idea conveyed by one
or the other of the two substantives; as in UN
hôtel-Dieu (un hôtel de Dieu), a name given to the.
principal hospital, or infirmary, of several towns
in France ; plural pes hétels-Dieu. Also UN timbre-
poste (un timbre de la poste), a ‘postage-stamp’ ae
plural pes timbres-poste. Also UN appui-main (un
appui pour la main), a ‘maulstick’; plural DES.
appuis-main. Also UN brèche-dents (une personne.
qui a une brèche dans les dents), plural DES brèche
dents. 4
3. When a compound word is formed of two
substantives joined by a preposition, the first onl
generally takes the mark of the plural; as,
a rainbow, pl. des arcs-en-ciel.
un chef-d'œuvre, a master-piece, — des chefs-d’euvre.
Except when there is no plurality in the idea
eonveyed by that first substantive; as, uN téte-a-
tête, plural DEs téte-a-téte. UN cog-d-l’dne, an un-
connected, nonsensical speech, passing from one
thing to another quite opposite, as from a cock to
an ass; plural DES cog-a-l’dne. UN pied-û-terre,
plural Des pied-a-terre; &c.
4 When a compound word is formed of a sub-
stantive joined either to a verb (though used sub-
stantively), a preposition, or an adverb, the sub-
‘stantive alone takes the sign of the plural, but
only if there be plurality in the idea. So we write
with an s in the plural:
2.
unavant-coureur, a forerunner,
‘un contre-coup, a counter-blow,
pl. des avant-coureurs.
— des contre-coups.
But we write without an s in the plural, because
‘the expressions are elliptical, and there is unity
‘in the idea:
‘Des réveille-matin (clocks which awake in
the morning),
1Des contre-poison (remedies against poison), counter-poisons.
Des grippe-sou (people who gather Tine gl k
sou by sou, or a ‘halfpenny’ at a time), j ”°”€7-9rubbers.
} alarm-clocks.
Finally, we write with an s, in the singular as
‘well as in the plural, because there is always
plurality in the idea:
‘wn essuie-mains (that
which wipes the
hands)
la towel,
‘un-porte-mouchettes |
pl. des essuie-mains.
- (that which bears >a snuffer-tray, —des porte-mouchettes.
the snuffers)
“an eure-dents (that }
which cleans the >a@ tooth-pick, — des cure-dents.
teeth)
“um tire-bottes (that
which pulls off a
pair of boots)
um garde-côtes (a man
or a vessel that he coast-guard,— des garde-côtes.
guards the coasts)
a boot-jack, — des tire-bottes.
Le But we write un des tire-bouchons
tire-bouchon (that (utensils which
which draws the (% C07k-screw, — draw the corks
ork of a bottle) of bottles).
ty
|
PS
_ da
OBSERVATIONS. 5
5. When a compound substantive contains only
such parts of speech as the verb, preposition or
adverb, none of its components takes the mark of
the plural ; as,
un passe-passe, a sleight of hand, pl. des passe-passe.
un passe-partout,a master-key, a pass-key,— des passe-partout.
VERBAL ADJECTIVES.
Participles of verbs used as-adjectives agree, in
French, in gender and number*with the noun or
pronoun to which they refer; a$,
Un homme charmant (from Charmer, ‘to charm’),
Une femme charmante.
Des hommes charmants.
Des femmes charmantes,
Un livre bien écrit (from Écrire, ‘te write’).
Une lettre bien écrite.
Des livres bien écrits.
Des lettres bien écrites.
NOUN-ADJECTIVES OF COLOUR.
Substantives used adjectively to express colour
remain invariable, as, Des gants’ PAILLE (straw-
coloured), des robes NOISETTE, des rubans CERISE:
and so forth with MARRON, ORANGE, PUCE, MAUVE,
CARMIN, PONCEAU, MAGENTA, and the like, which
are all substantives used as adjectives. But rose,
violet, pourpre, blanc, jaune, bleu, vert, and the
like, being adjectives, take of course both gender
and number.
ADJECTIVES, &C. USED SUBSTANTIVELY.
Adjectives used substantivély to express the
names of languages are all masculine (the substan:
tive masculine idiome being- understood): as, le
français, l'anglais, l'allemand, Vitalien, le latin, te
grec; parler français, en français, parler anglais,
en anglais, &c.
In general, adjectives, verbs, and the uninflectiNi|}
parts of speech taken substantively, are mascu~ *
line. Examples: le bon, le mauvais, le dormir, un
oui, un non, un mais, wn si, le pourquoi, le parce
que, &c.
TABLE OF
FRENCH MONEY, MEASURES AND WEIGHTS,
REDUCED TO AMERICAN MONEY, MEASURES AND WEIGHTS.
Centimes.
Soe 8° 8 6-8 SNS es £::s Ss 2128s esse €
Dollars.
ao ww
C9
Cents.
00
ITINERARY MEASURE.
Métre (ten-millionth part of the arc of a
meridian between the csi = the equa- 3°2808992 feet.
GON) ues as Bee PUR TVR )
Décamètre (10 metres). . PAS Le 32808992 feet.
Kilomètre (1,000 metres)... ........ .eeee 1093633 yards.
Myriamètre (10,000 metres).................. 6°2138 miles.
NRE SO On |
LONG MEASURE.
Décimètre (10th of a metre) 224700 8987079 inches.
Centimétre (100th of a metre)............. 0°39371 inch.
Millimétre (1,000th of a metre)... ......... 0‘03937 inch.
eee EE eee
SUPERFICIAL MEASURE.
Are (100 square metres).............. 0°098845 rood.
Hectare (10,000 square metres)..........,... 2°471148 acres.
Centiare (1 square metre)............... 1196033 squareyard.
Ne
| MEASURE OF CAPACITY.
Litre i (1 cubic decimetre)........... 1°760773 pint.
Décalitre (DO ITTES) En 22009668 gallons.
Hectolitre (100 Litres}.s2. 2 eves rt eee
Kilolitre, mètre cube (1,000 litres)........... CR ve
Décilitre (0th of aditre) CAES 0-176 pint.
Centilitre (100th of a litre)........... 00176 pint.
SOLID MEASURE.
1°31 cubic yard or
Stére (l cubic metre). ere 35 cubic feet, 547
cubic inches.
Décastère (10 steres):........... 4... 1 AR. pu aS
Décistére (10th of a stere).........,........ ; * cubic feet, 918° 7
WEIGHTS.
Gramme (weight of a cubic centimetre of
water in its state of maximum density or + 15432349 grains troy,
39; Fahrenheit or 4 degrees Con Ape s
Décagramme (10 grammes).. 5648 drams avoird.
Hectogramme (100 grammes)............ ; Pea oe ay d. or
Kilogramme (1,000 grammes)........ . » À sl rs oe aie gr
Quintal métrique (50 kilogrammes) 110°281 Ib. avoird.
Millier, tonneau de mer (500 kilogrammes) 9 cwt. 94 1b. 5 oz.
Tonne (1,000 kilogrammes) 19 cwt. 86 1b. 10 oz.
Décigramme (10th of a gramme)....... 1°5432 grain.
Centigramme (100th of a gramme) aug eae 01543 grain.
Milligramme (1,000th of a gramme)....... 0:‘015432 grain.
THERMOMETER.
0° Centigrade Melting ice ................ 32° Fahrenheit.
100° do. Boiling water... ........ 212° do.
0° Réatimurs, Melting ees. 220 Pre 32° do.
80° do. Boïlling'watér:.- ren 212° do.
* The ‘* par * of French Exchange in New York is 5 francs to the dollar. It fluctuates
by eighths of centimes. Perhaps the most frequent quotation is 5.1244, which makes
the franc represent, $0.19512192.
FRENCH-ENGLISH.
A
A (first letter of the alphabet), s.m. a. Deux —,
two #’s. Marqué à ’—, a man of honour; a
superior man ; first-rate, A 1. Ne savoir ni —
ni B, not to know A from B
A (or à, with a grave accent), prep. to tatin
within; into; on; upon;asa,as; a; by; through ;
‘by means of; with; for; of; after; about; at-
tending to; as to; from; under; against ; after
the manner of; according to; between ; among;
before ; enough, sufficient ; reason (to), occasion
for ; the means of ; in such a way as ; SO as;
such as; calculated to; capable of ; likely (to);
so far as; sold for; worth; or; and; till; good-
bye till; something; anything. — moi, (toi, lui,
&c.) to or at me; to or at myself; mine, my
own ; of mine, of my own; peculiar; to spare ;
my turn; (to or at thee or him, &c.). — moi
ä, my turn to; for me to. — moi de, my duty
or part to; for me to. — moi seul or tout seul,
alone, unassisted. — la française, after the
French fashion. Table — thé, tea - table.
Machine — coudre, sewing-machine. C’est
— qui, they vie or try who. C'était — qui
passerait le premier, they vied or tried who
should pass first. — qui à jouer? whose turn
is it to play? Ils sont — jouer, — écrire, they
are playing, writing. Il n'y a pas — hésiter,
there is no hesitating. Cela n’estpas — craindre,
that is not to be feared
| A (without any accent), v. has, gets, &c. (7.
Avoir). Robert — de l'argent, Robert has mo-
ney. Il — du talent, he has talent. Robert y —
été, Robert has been there. Il y — été, he has
been there. Il y —, (imp.) V. Avoir
t Ababouiné, e, adj. (nav.) becalmed
! Abaca, s.m. abaca, Manilla hemp
! Abaisse, s.f. piece of rolled paste
! Abaissé, e, part. adj. lowered, &c. (V. Abais-
ser); down; downcast
! Abaissement, s.m. lowering ; pulling down ;
falling; fall; sinking; sloping; dipping; dip ;
decrease, diminution, abatement ; reduction ;
humbling, humility, humiliation ; humble con-
dition; abjection; subjection; abasement; de-
gradation ; debasement ; disgrace ; stooping ;
demeaning ; depression; (her.) abatement; (—
de la cataracte) couching (in surgery)
| Abaisser, v.a. to lower; to let down ; to let
fall; to bring down, to bring lower; to cast
down ; to pull or draw down; to lessen, to
diminish, to abate ; to reduce ; to humble ; to
humiliate ; to subject ; to abase ; to degrade ;
to disgrace ; to debase ; to demean ; to dispa-
rage, to depreciate ; to roll ; to flatten ; to de-
press ; to lop, to shorten ; (surg.) to couch ;
(nav.) to strike; (her.) to abate
s’—, v.r. to lower oneself ; to be lowered; to
» be laid; to bring oneself down; to go down; to
descend; to decrease ; to subside, to abate; to
decline; to fall ; to sink ; to slope ; to dip ; to
humble oneself ; to stoop; to demean oneself ;
_ to cringe ; to submit ; to express oneself with
simplicity; to fall into vulgarity [depressor
| Abaisseur, adj.m. (anat.) depriment ; — 8.m.
| Abait, s.m. (Jish.) bait
| Abaiter, v.a. ( fish.) to bait [flobber-chops, chops
| Abajoue, s,f. cheek-pouch ; —s, pl. (pers., jest.)
ABAT
Abalourdir, v.a. V. Hébéter
Abalourdissement, s.m. V. Hébétement
Abandon, s.m. abandonment ; forsaking ; leav-
ing ; desertion ; forlornness ; destitution ; giving
up or over; renunciation, relinquishment ; sur-
render; neglect; negligence; carelessness, in-
difference ; want of watchfulness ; ease, uncon-
straint ; confidence; trust ; resignation ; release;
dereliction ; depravity. A l—, at random ; in
confusion, in disorder ; at sixes and sevens ;
uncared for, unprotected, unprovided for ; in
utter neglect ; (nav.) adrift
Abandonnataire, s.m.f. (law) relessee
Abandonné, e, part. adj. abandoned, de-
serted, &c. (V. Abandonner); forlorn; easy,
careless ; unbridled ; depraved, shameless ; —
s.m.f. profligate, rake; reprobate ; unfortunate
Abandonnement, s.m. abandonment ; deser-
tion ; relinquishment; giving up ; surrender ;
renunciation; resignation; profligacy
Abandonner, v.a. to abandon ; to forsake; to
desert; to leave; to give up; to renounce; to
relinquish; to surrender; to deliver up; to re-
sign ; to commit; to quit; to let go; to let
loose ; to neglect ; to fail ; to give over; to release
s’—, v.r. to abandon oneself; to give oneself/*
up ; to give oneself; to give way; to indulge
(in); to give vent (to); to be addicted (to), to
take (to); to trust ; to trust oneself; to throw ,
off all constraint, to be natural; to despor* 4s
to rush on desperately ; to give vent to pa |
inspiration ; to be careless of o.’s personal ap-
pearance, to neglect oneself; to be careless ;
to lead a dissolute life ; to begin to toddle ; to
slacken o.’s pace
Abaque, s.m. abacus; raised table
Abas, s.m. shower
Abasourdir, v.a. to stun, to deafen ; to astound
Abat, s.m. shower ; —s, pl. showers ; offal, cats’
and dogs’ meat, tripes. V. Abattage and
Abattis
Abatage, s.m. (bad spelling) V. Abattage
Abatant, s.m. (bad spelling) V. Abattant
Abâtardi, e, adj. degenerate, debased
Abâtardir, v.a. to debase, to corrupt
s’—, v.r. to degenerate [tion ; degeneracy
Abâtardissement, s.m. debasement, corrup-
Abatée, s.f. (bad spelling) V. Abattée
Abat-faim, s.m. large joint [loft, loft-trap
Abat-foin, s.m. opening or trap-door of a hay-
Abatis, s.m. (bad spelling) V. Abattis
Abat-jour, s.m. reflector; shade; skylight ;
trunk-light ; sun-shade, sun-blind, shutter,
awning, bonnet {window, lufferboard
Abat-son, s.m. (arch.) louvre-boarding, louvre-
Abattage, s.m. cutting down, felling ; lopping;
slaughtering, slaughter, killing ; (mech.) power,
purchase; (nav.) heaving down, careening
Abattant, s.m. flap [son —, to cast, to fall off
Abattée, s.f. (nav.) casting, falling off. Faire
Abattement, sm. prostration ; depression,
dejection, low spirits, despondency ; languor,
faintness ; weakness; weariness; sadness ;
affliction
Abatteu-r, se, s.m.f. feller ; cutter ; knocker,
off ; slaughterman, slaughterer. Grand — d
guilles. hard-worker; fussy person ; boaster
ABAT
Abattis, s.m. pulling down, demolition ; cutting
down, felling; pieces, materials, rubbish ; gib-
lets ; slaughter ; destruction ; (fort.) abattis ;
(hunt.) V. Abattures
Abattoir, s.m. slaughter-house
Abattre, v.a. to bring down, to fetch down, to |
throw or knock or strike or pull or cut or blow
or beat down, to hew or break down, to let
down, &c. ; to abate ; to cut or knock off; to
carry away ; to lay; to fell ; to demolish ; to |
kill ; to slaughter ; to destroy ; to overthrow ; |
to put down; to prostrate ; to cast down, to de-
press, to deject ; to dishearten, to discourage ;
to damp; to weaken; to weary; to humble; to |
lower; (nav.) to heave down, to careen; — v.n.
to lay down o.’s cards; (nav.) to cast, to swing
s’—, v.r. to fall down, to come down; to fall;
to break down; to abate ; to burst ; to alight ;
to make a stoop (at), to come down (upon), to
pounce ; to be cast down or discouraged, to
despond
Abattu, e, part. adj. brought down, &c. (V.
Abattre); depressed, downcast, dispirited, low-
spirited ; low ; down ; languid, faint ; weary ;
drooping ; sad ; afflicted _. [slot
Abattures, s.f.pl. (hunt.) abature, foiling, foil,
Abat-vent, s.m. penthouse, lean-to; garden-
mat, matting, screen ; weather-board ; luffer-
board, lufferboarding, louvre, louvre-boarding
Abat-voix, s.m. sounding-board [abbey
Abbatial, e, adj.s. abbatial, abbot’s ; abbacy,
Abbaye, s.f. abbey; abbacy. — de Monte-a-
regret,(pop.) scaffold,maiden,guillotine; gallows
Abbé, s.r. (obsolete) abbé ; abbot ; (modern sense)
ecclesiastic; priest; clergyman; reverend
gentleman; reverend. , Monsieur l’—, Reverend
Sir, Sir. Monsieur 1— Paul, the Reverend
Father Paul, the Reverend Mr. Paul
Abbesse, s.f. abbess :
ABC, s.m. ABC, beginning, elements, rudi-
Ÿ ments; primer; spelling-book ; alphabet, letters
Abcéder, v.n. to turn to an abscess, to gather,
to come to a head; to break
Abcés, s.m. abscess, gathering
libcisse, sf. V. Abscisse à ;
‘‘Abdéritain, e, Abdérite, adj. s. Abderite
Abdication, s.f. abdication ; resignation ; re-
nunciation; surrender :
Abdiquer, v.a. to abdicate ; to resign ; to re-
nounce; to lay aside; to give up; to forswear ;
— v.n. to abdicate [privileges; to be abdicated
sS’—,v.r. to abdicate or resign o.’s rights and
Avdomen, s.m. abdomen
Abdominal, e, adj. abdominal [abductor
Abducteur, adj.m. (anat.) abducent ; — $.m.
Abduction, s.f. (anat., log.) abduction
Abeausir (S’), v.r. (nav.) to become or get fine,
to appease ; |
Abécédaire, s.m. spelling-book ; primer ; — adj.
alphabetical; of A B C; rudimentary, element-
ary; beginning [(a bird)
Abecquement, Abéquement, s.m. feeding
Abecquer, Abéquer, v.a. to feed (a bird)
Abée, s.f. mill-dam
+Abeille, s.f. bee
Abencérage, s.m. (hist.) Abencerage
Aberration, s.f. aberration
Abétir, v.a. V. Hébéter ; — vn. S’—, v.7.
to grow dull, to get stupid, to become besotted
Abétissement, s.m. V. Hébétement
Ab hoc et ab hac, adv. (Latin) at random,
confusedly [detest
Abhorrer, v.a. to abhor, to loathe, to hate, to
Abime, s.m. abyss; hell, pit, gulf, chasm; deep ;
unfathomable depth; mine, treasury ; mystery,
enigma; ruin, perdition, destruction; misery ;
Heyl fesse-point, heart-point
Abimer, v.a. to sink ; to lose ; to swallow up ;
to destroy ; to ruin; to undo; to damage, to
spoil; to waste; to overwhelm, to crush; to cut
to pieces, to cut up [or ruined; to get spoilt
S’—, v.r. to sink; to ruin oneself ; to be lost
8 ABOR
| Ab intestat, adv. abintestate. Succession —,
intestate’s estate, intestacy
| Abject, e, adj. abject, mean, vile, base, low
Abjectement, adv. abjectly
| Abjection, s.f. abjection, abjectness, means
ness, baseness; (theol.) outcast
| Abjuration, s.f. abjuration; renunciation
| Abjuratoire, adj. abjuratory :
| Abjurer, v.a. to abjure ; to forswear; to re-
nounce, to give up, to relinquish ; to quit ; to
S’—, v.r. to be abjured, &c. [lay aside
Ablatif, s.m. (gram.) ablative, ablative case
| Ablation, s.f. (surg.) ablation
Ablativo, adv. higgledy-piggledy
Able, s.m. V. Ablette
Ablégat, s.m. ablegate, sublegate
Ableret, s.m., Ablerette, s.f. ( fish.) purse-net
Ablette, s.f. whitebait, ablet, bleak
Ablier, s.m. (fish.) purse-net
| Abluant, e, adj. Abluant, s.m. abluent
Abluer, v.a. to cleanse, to wash; to revive
| Ablution, s.f. ablution; washing
| Abnégation, s.f. abnegation, renunciation ;
sacrifice; self-denial. Faire — de, to renounce,
to set aside, to sacrifice
Aboi, s.m. bark, barking. Tenir en—, to feed
with vain hopes. Aux —s, at bay; hard pressed;
at o.’s wits’ end, at or to o.’s last shift, at the
last extremity, to extremities ; in a desperate
condition; driven to despair; exhausted; near
its end ; at the last gasp ; about to give way;
hard up, in distress
Aboiement, Aboiment, s.m. bark, barking
Abolir, v.a. to abolish; to do away with; to re-
peal; to annul; to suppress; to obliterate
S’—, v.r. to be abolished ; to fall into disuse,
to become obsolete or extinct
Abolissable, adj. abolishable
Abolissement, s.m. (obsolete) abolishment
Abolition, sf. abolition; repeal ; suppression
Abolition-isme, -iste. V. page 8, $ 1
Abominable, adj. abominable
Abominablement, adv. abominably
Abomination, sf. abomination. Avoir en —,
to abominate. Être en — to be abominated
Abominer, v.a. to abominate
A-bon-compte, sm. payment in advance,
advance-money, advance
Abondamment, adv. abundantly, copiously,
plentifully ; plenty ; in abundance, in great
quantity; amply, fully
Abondance, s.f. abundance, plenty, plentiful-
ness, copiousness ; affluence; richness; fulness;
fluency; flow; diffuseness; heartiness; (weak)
wine-and-water, washy stuff, wishy-washy, wish-
wash, swipes, water bewitched (plenty of water
with a little common wine, in schools). D’—,
of plenty, &c.; (adverb.) extempore; off-hand
Abondant, e, adj. abundant, plentiful, co-
pious; rich; teeming; ample, full; fluent,
flowing; diffuse ; hearty
Abonder, v.n. to abound; to overflow. 11
abonde dans votre sens, he thinks as you do, he
is of your opinion, he concurs entirely with
you. — dans son sens, to be wedded to o.’s cwn.
opinion {holder
Abonné, e, s.m.f. subscriber; season-ticket
Abonnement, s.m. subscription; contract,
agreement; composition ; season ticket; annual
ticket ; (mil.) allowance, indemnification. Carte
d’—, season ticket; annual ticket. — de lecture,
subscription to a library; subscription or vircu-
Abonner, v.a. to subscribe for [lating library
S’—, v.r. to subscribe, to become a sub-
scriber; to contract ; to compound $ to take a
season or an annual ticket
Abonnir, v.a.n., S’—, v.r. to improve
Abord, s.m. access, approach; landing, arrival;
meeting ; attack ; contact ; resort, affluence 3
manner, address; first instance, first. Au pre-
mier —, at first view ; at first.: D’—, de prime
. —, first, at first. first of all. in the first place,
LS
ABOR
“ to begin with ; at once; at first sight. Dés l—,
from the very first, at first, at once. Tout d—,
at first; at once
Abordable, adj. accessible, approachable
Abordage, s.m. landing ; boarding; running
foul, collision. Aller or sauter à —, se battre a
—, to board an enemy’s ship, to grapple.
Prendre or enlever a V—, to board
Aborder, v.n.a. to land, to arrive; to come; to
approach ; to accost ; to come to ; to come up
to; to meet; to address; to attack; to charge;
to touch; to board; to run foul of, to run into,
to come into collision with, to collide with ;
to enter upon; to broach
Abordeur,s.m.(nav.) boarder [gines,aboriginals |
Aborigéne, adj.s. aboriginal; —s, s.m.pl.abori-
Abornement, s.m. V. Délimitation
Aborner, v.a. V. Délimiter
Aborti-f, ve, adj., Abortif, s.m. abortive
Abosir (S’), v.r. (nav.) to become or get fine,
Abot, s.m. clog [to appease
Abouchement, s.m. conference, interview ;
welding, fitting; (anat.)anastomosis,inosculation
Aboucher, v.a.to bring together ; to weld, to fit
s’—, v.r. to have an interview; to confer; to
have a talk, to talk ; to intrigue ; (anat.) to in-
Abougrissement, s.m. stuntedness [osculate
Abouler, v.a.n. (pop.) to give, to let have ; to
fork out, to come down; to cut on,to come on;
Aboument, s.m. joining end to end [to pop in
About, s.m. end, butt-end
Aboutage, s.m. joining
Aboutement,s.m. joining; butt, abutment, end
Abouter, v.a. to place end to end, to join toge-
s’—, v.r. to meet at the ends (ther
Aboutir, v.n. to end ; to be at the end (of); to
border or abut (on); to adjoin ; to open (into);
to come out (into) ; to come (to); to lead ; to
meet; to join; to converge; to tend; to termi-
nate; to have a result; to break ; to bud
Aboutissant, s.m. abuttal, butting, butt, end.
V. Tenant
Aboutissement, s.m. piece to lengthen ;
drawing to a head ;, breaking, suppuration ;
termination, end, issue, result; success, happy
result [the first
Ab ovo, adv. (Latin) from the beginning, from
Aboyer, v.n. to bark; to snarl; to cry out
(against) ; to long (for); to dun
Aboyeu-r, se, s.m/f. barker; street-news-
vendor; touter, cad; snarling critic ; dun;
_ seeker, hunter; —s.m. (zool.) greenshank (bird)
Abrac, s.m. abraxas
Abracadabra, s.m. abracadabra
Abracadabrant,e, adj. (slang) V. Mirobolant
Abraquer, #.a. (nav.) to haul taught ‘
Abrasion, s.f. (med.) abrasion 3
Abraxas, s.m. abraxas
Abrégé, s.m. abridgment, epitome, compen-
dium, abstract, summary; brief account. En
—, in a few words or lines or pages, shortly,
briefly, concisely, summarily, compendiously ;
by abbreviation; abridged; on a small scale
Abrégement, sm". abridging, shortening,
abridgment
Abréger, v.a. to abridge ; to epitomize ; to ab-
breviate ; to shorten; to cut shorter, to cut
down. Pour —, to be brief
S’—, v.r. to become short or shorter
Abreuvage, Abreuvement, s.m. watering ;
soaking; steeping; priming; preparing
Abreuver, v.a. to water ; to give to drink to,
to make (...) drink; to soak; to steep; to
_ drench; to imbibe; to imbrue; to fill; to satu-
_ rate; to load; to overwhelm ; to prime; to
prepare
S’—, v.r. to drink ; to soak ; to quench 0.’s
' thirst ; to satiate oneself; to revel; to fill or
+ cover oneself; to wallow; to bathe ; to melt
(into tears), to shed (abundant tears)
“Abreuvoir, s.m. watering-place ; horse-pond ;
trough; drinking-spot
A
ABST
Abrévia-teur, trice, sm.f. abbreviator,
abridger, epitomizer; — adj. abbreviating,
Abréviati-f, ve, adj. abbreviatory [abridging
Abréviation, s.f. abbreviation ; contraction
Abréviativement, adv. by abbreviation
Abrévier, v.a. to abbreviate, to shorten
Abreyer, v.a. V. Abrier
Abri, s.m. shelter, cover; refuge ; home; shadow;
shade; defence; screen; protection; conceal:
ment. A l’—, under shelter; under cover ;
under the protection (of); protected (from);
sheltered ; secure, safe; beyond (...). Mettre à
’—, to shelter; to screen; to protect; to secure
Abricot, s.m. apricot. — -péche, s.m. peach.
Abricoté, s.m. candied apricot [apricot
Abricotier, s.m. apricot-tree
Abrier, v.a. (nav.) to becalm, to belee
Abriter, v.a. to shelter; to shield, to screen ;
to shade ; to protect; (nav.) to becalm, to belee
Abrivent, s.m. garden-mat, matting, screen;
hut, shed, sentry-box [ment ; abolition
Abrogation, s.f. abrogation ; repeal ; annul.
Abroger, v.a.to abrogate; to repeal; to annul;
to abolis [fall into disuse, to grow obsolete
S’—, v.r. to be abrogated or repealed, &c.; to.
Abrome, s.m. ( bot.) abroma
Abrouti, e, adj. nipped, browsed
Abroutissement, s.m.damage from browsing
Abrupt, e, adj. abrupt; craggy, rugged
Abruptement, adv. abruptly ; with a craggy
appearance
Abrupto (Ex), adv. adj. ex abrupto, abruptly,
suddenly, unexpectedly, on the spur of the
moment; off-hand; sudden ; impetuous [to besot
Abrutir, v.a. to brutalize, to brutify ; to stupefy ;
S’—, to become brutish or depraved ; to de-
grade oneself; to get stupid; to be besotted
Abrutissement, s.m. brutishness, brutaliza-
tion, sottishness [talizing, stupefying
Abrutisseu-r, se, s.m.f. adj. brutalizer ; bru-
Abscisse, s.f. (geom.) absciss, abscissa " le
Abscission, s.f. (surg.) abscission
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*
Absence,s./. absence ; non-attendance ; absence À
of mind ; fit of absence; inattention, inadcveyy —
ence; wandering; want nt
Absent, e, adj. s. absent; away; not at home)
missing, wanting ; absentee
Absentéisme, s.m. absenteeism [away
Absenter (S’), v.r. to absent oneself, to stop
Abside, s.f. V. Apside
Absinthe, s.f. wormwood ;. bitters, absinthe
Absinthé, e, adj. absinthiated
Absinthine, s.f. (chem.) absinthine
Absolu, e, adj.absolute; positive; peremptory ;
magisterial ; imperious ; despotic ; arbitrary ;
* unlimited; unrestricted; unconditional; com-
. plete; full; strict
Absolument, adv. absolutely ; positively ;
peremptorily; unconditionally; arbitrarily; by
all means; indeed; entirely; completely; alto-
gether; exactly ; strictly {acquittal
Atsolution,s./. absolution ; pardon ; discharge;
Absolut-isme, -iste. V. page 3, §1
Absolutoire, adj. absolutory
Absorbable, adj. absorbable
Absorbant, €, adj. absorbing; engrossing;
absorbent ; — s.m. absorbent
Absorber, v.a. to absorb ; to imbibe; to drink
in; to swallow up; to drain ; to consume, t@
waste; to engross, to take up
s’—, v.r. to be absorbed or swallowed up, &c.
Absorption, s.f. absorption ; consumption; dis-
Absorptivité, sf. absorptivity [appearance
Absoudre, v.a. to absolve; to discharge, to
acquit ; to pardon, to forgive ; to exculpate, to
exonerate ; to give absolution to
Absoute, s.f. absolution ; general absolution
Abstéme, adj. abstemious
Abstenant, e, s.m.f.abstainer
Abstenir (S’). v.r. to abstain ; to refrain ; to
forbear; to forego [drawal, declining
Abstention, s.f. abstention ; abstinence; with-
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ABST 10
Abstergent, e, adj., Abstergent, s.m. abs-
tergent, detergent ;
Absterger, v.a. to absterge, to cleanse [gent
- Abstersi-f, ve, adj., Abstersif, s.m. abster-
Abstersion, s.f. abstersion [ing
Abstinence, s.f. abstinence; temperance; fast-
Abstinent, €, adj. abstinent, abstemious, sober
Abstracti-f, ve, adj. abstractive
Abstraction, s.f. abstraction. — faite de, set-
ting aside ; exclusive of. Faire — de, to abs-
tract; to set aside. Par —, abstractedly
Abstractivement, adv. abstractedly
Abstraire, v.a:to abstract
Abstrait, e, adj. abstruse; abstracted; abstract
Abstraitement, adv. abstractly
Abstrus, e, adj. abstruse [absurdity
Absurde, adj.m.f., sm. absurd, preposterous ;
Absurdement, adv. absurdly, preposterously
Absurdité, s.f. absurdity
Abus, s.m.abuse; misuse; breach; bad custom;
nuisance; grievance; disorder; error; mistake,
illusion. Appel comme d’—, appeal by writ of error
Abuser, v.a.to deceive, to delude; to iead away;
— v.n. to abuse; to misuse, to make a bad
use (of), to use ill ; to misconstrue ; to use too
freely; to take advantage (of); to impose (on);
to intrude, to trespass (upon); to ofertax ; to
* overtask, to overwork [mistaken
S’—, v.r. to deceive or delude oneself ; to be
Abuseu-r, se, s.m.f. abuser ; deceiver; — adj.
deceptive, deceitful
Abusi-f, ve, adj. abusive; improper
Abusivement, adv. abusively ; improperly
Abuter, v.a.n. to throw for first go; to aim
Abuter, Abutter, v.a. (in shipbuilding) to
place end to end; — v.n. to abut, to butt
Abyme, s.m. V. Abime
Abyssin, e, Abyssinien, ne, Abyssin-
ique, adj. s. Abyssinian
Acabit, s.m. quality ; sort, stamp, kidney
Acacia, s.m. acacia [demic
Académicien, ne, s.m.f. academician ; aca-
Académie, s.f. academy; (draw., paint.) aca-
' ucmy, figure; (obsolete) riding-school (8, § 1
Acadéni-ique, -iquement, -iste. V. pace
Académiser, v.n. to draw or paint figures
Acadien, ne, adj. s. Acadian [from models
+Acagnarder, v.a. to make lazy
S’—, v.r. to get lazy; to idle
Acajou, s.m. mahogany. — à pommes, cashew-
nut tree. Noix d’—, cashew-nut
Acaléphe, s.m. (zool.) acaleph, jelly-fish
Acalifourchonné, e, adj. astride
Acalifourchonner (S’), v.r. to sit astride
Acanthacé, e, adj. thorny, prickly
Acanthe, s.f. acanthus
Acare, s.m. V. Acarus
Acariatre, adj. peevish, cross, crabbed
Acariatreté, s.f. peevishness, crabbedness
Acarides, s.f.pl., Acariens, s.m.pl. acarides,
acari (cheese-mites, bird-lice, ticks, &c.)
Acarus, s.m. acarus, mite, tick
Acaule, adj. (bot.) acaulous, acaulose
Accablant, e, adj. overwhelming; overpower-
ing; oppressive; crushing; grievous; trouble-
some, annoying; sweltering, sultry
Accablement, s.m. heaviness ; faintness, weak-
ness, languor; extreme dejection; oppression;
great pressure ; crushing weight ; affliction ;
grievousness
Accabler, v.a. to overwhelm ; to overpower; to
load; to overload; to oppress; to weigh down;
to encumber; to crush Gown, to crush, to crush
to death; to overthrow; to overcome; to stifle ;
to ruin ; to plague; to harass; to afflict; to be
too hard upon; to cast down, to depress
Accalmie, sf. V. Embellie
Accaparement, s.m. forestalling, buying up;
monopoly; engrossment
Accaparer, v.a. to forestall, to buy up; to mo-
nopolize ; to secure, to obtain ; to engross, to
captivate ; to seize upon
ACTO *
Accapareu-r, se, s.m.f. forestaller, monopos
list, monopolizer, engrosser
tAccastillage, s.m, (nav.) upper works ; fit-.
tings, ornaments, accommodation
+Accastillé,e, adj.(nav.) with upper works,fur: |
nished with upper works. Haut —,deep-waisted |
Accéder, v.n. to accede; to consent ; to com:
ply ; to agree; to have access ; to come |
Accéléra-teur, trice, adj.accelerating,acce. |
lerative [patch
Accélération, s.f. acceleration; haste; des-
Accéléré, e, adj. accelerated, quickened ; fast;
quick; — s.m,f. tast boat; fast coach; light van.
Pas—, quick march or time or step. Au pas —,in
quick time [hasten; to forward; to despatch —
Accélérer, v.a. to accelerate ; to quicken ; to
Accenser, v.a. to annex, to join, to unite
Accent, s.m. accent; tone; voice; sound; cry;
note ; tune ; song; strain; word ; pronuncia- |
tion; emphasis; stress; expression
Accenteur, s.m. (bird) accentor
Accentuation, s.f. accentuation
Accentuer, v.a. to accent, to accentuate ; to
mark with an accent ; to emphasize ; to lay a
stress upon; to mark, to define ; to fix, to de-
termine ; to make positive or evident ; to set
off. — ses gestes, to accompany o.’s gestures
(threats) with the act
S’—, v.r. to be accented ; to be or become
marked or defined or fixed or determined ; to
become positive or evident
Acceptable, adj. acceptable
Acceptant, e, s.m.f. (law) accepter
Acceptation, s.f. acceptance
Accepter, v.a. to accept ; to take ; to receive ;
to admit ; to consent to; to submit to, to resign |
oneself to, to bear; to undertake
S’—, v.r. to be accepted or taken, &c.
Accepteur, s.m. (com.) acceptor, accepter
Acception, s.f.respect, preferehce, regard, dis-
tinction ; acceptation, sense, meaning
Accès, s.m.access; approach; admittance; fit;
attack; paroxysm; burst
Accessibilité, s.f. accessibility
Accessible, adj. accessible, approachable
£ccession, s.f. accession; consent, adhesion
Accessit, [Latin, “proxime—”] s.m. honourable
mention
Accessoire, adj. accessory; minor; — s.m.
accessory ; (theat.) property; minor part. Four.
nisseur d’—s, property-man |
Accessoirement, adv. accessorily |
Accident, s.m. accident ; chance; casualty;
misfortune ; occurrence; incident; unevenness, |
irregularity, undulation ; varied aspect ; acci-
dental effect ; accidental; (med.) accidental
complication ; case |
Accidenté, e, adj. undulating, undulated; un: |
even; hilly; Lroken; intersected; interspersed;
varied; picturesque; eventful, full of incidents; |
checkered [titious, fortuitous |
Accidentel, le, adj. accidental, casual, adven- |
Accidentellement,adv.accidentally, casually |
Accise, sf. V. Excise [— adj. cheering |
Acclama-teur, trice, s.m.f. shouter, cheerer;
Acclamation, s.f. acclamation, shout, shout- |
ing, cheer, cheering, applause, plaudit, hurrah |
Acclamer, v.a.n. to proclaim, to acclaim ; to |
salute,to hail; to cheer, to applaud; to welcome; |
to respond to; to shout |
Acclamper, v.a. (nav.) to clamp
Acclimatable, adj. acclimaiizable |
Acclimata-teur, trice, s.m.f. acclimatizer |
Acclimatation,s.f., Acclimatement, sm.
acclimatization [become acclimatized |
Acclimater, va. to acclimatize. S—, to.
Accointance, sf. acquaintance, connection, |
intimacy [quainted or intimate |
Accointer (S’), v.r. to become (or get) ac- |
Accoiser, v.a. (old) to calm, to appease, to quiet |
Accolade, s.f. embrace, hug, kiss ; accolade; |
(cook., print., writ., mus.) brace; (jest.) blow,
Acco
slap. Donner ’— à, to embrace; to dub ,a
knight. Recevoir l'—, to be made a knight
Accolader, v.a. to bracket
Accolage, s.m. propping, tying up, nailing up
Accolement, s.m. bracketing ; putting toge-
ther; coupling; pathway, side
Accoler, v.a. to embrace ; to hug; to kiss; to
bracket; to put together; to couple, to join;
to associate; to attach; to apply; to prop, to
tie up, to nail up; to entwine, to wreathe
Accolure, s.f. (agr.) band of straw, withe, osier
Accommodable, adj. accommodable, that
may or can be arranged
Accommodage, s.m. dressing
Accommodé, €, part. adj suited, &c. (V.
Accommoder); favoured ; well-off, well-to-do,
in easy circumstances
Accommodement, s.m. accommodation ; ar-
rangement, settlement ; agreement; composi-
tion; compromise ; means of conciliation; dis-
position
Accommoder, v.a. to suit; to adapt; to ac-
commodate; to fit up; to dress; to cook; to
prepare; to trim; to arrange; to settle; to
mend; to reconcile; to putin order; to dispose;
to spare, to let have; to ill-use, to serve out,
to give it to
s’—, v.r. to accommodate oneself; to agree;
to come to terms; to arrange ; to make a bar-
gain; to take; to comply; to put up (with); to
bear; to make shift (with); to be content or
satisfied or pleased (with); to like, to relish; to
settle; to take o.’s ease, to make oneself com-
fortable; to make free (with); to dress, to
adorn oneself; to be arranged; to be dressed
or cooked (nist
Accompagna-teur, trice, s.m.f. accompa-
Accompagnement, s.m.accompanying; at-
tendance; accompaniment; appendage, acces-
sory [to wait on; to escort; to suit, to match
+Accompagner,v.a. toaccompany; toattend;
s’—, v.r. to accompany oneself; to be ac-
companied, &c.
Accompli, e, part. adj. accomplished ; perfect;
complete, completed, finished; fulfilled; per-
formed
Accomplir, v.a. to accomplish ; to perform ; to
fulfil; to complete; to finish; to achieve; to
execute ; to carry out; to effect; togo tarough;
to observe, to obey
s’—, v.r. to be fulfilled or fulfilling, to be
accomplished or accomplishing ; to happen; to
be past, to be spent, to pass, to elapse
Accomplissement, s.m. accomplishment ;
performance; fulfilment; completion; execu-
tion; achievement
Accon, s.m. flat-bottomed boat, lighter, punt
Accoquiner, v.a. V. Acoquiner
Accorage, s.m. propping ; props
Accord, s.m. agreement; good understanding ;
union; harmony; concord; accord; accord-
ance; ‘consent; keeping; uniformity; tone,
strain ; chord ; tuning ; —s, pl. agreements, «c. ;
espousals. D’—, agreed ; together ; leagued ;
granted ; beit so; in accordance, in conformity ;
in harmony; in keeping; in tune. Demeurer or
tomber or étre d’—, to agree, to be agreed, to
come to an agreement; to admit. Mettre d’—,
_ to make (...) agree; to reconcile; to suit; to
tune. Tenir l—, to keep in tune
Accordable, adj. reconcilable ; grantable ;
allowable, admissible; tunable
Accordage, s.m. tuning
+Accordailles, s.f.pl. espousals
Accordant, e, adj. (mus.) concordant
Accordé, e, s.m.f. bridegroom; bride
Accordéon, s.m. accordion
Accorder, v.a. to grant; to allow; to give; to
admit; to make (...) agree; to reconcile; to
un