S 39.68 /4: Bul Br Bulletin No. 32 M. M. LEIGHTON March 15, 1922. COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL APPAIRS James F, yYoodward, Secretary BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY George H. Aghley, State Geologist a a aE COAL BEDS IN FAYETTE COUNTY , PENNSYLVANIA By 1 BAS Sisler tg + * introduction. . , Coal was first discovered and burned in Payette County in 1759. From that early date production has steadily increased until the county is. the lnrgest producer of bituminous conl in Pennsylvania. This pre-emincnce is due to the ecasy acecssibility of large acreages of Pittsburgh coal, to its suprome quality a5 2 gas; steam, ond coking coal, and to ample transportation facilitics, both by water and rail. In 1918 Feyette County produced 32,925,888 tons of coal-valued at $72,818,426; of this total 11,531,224 tons, valued at $26,322,114 were loaded at the mines for shipment; 348,083 tons were sold to local trade and used by employees; 758,096 tons were used at the mines for stcam and heat; 20,288,485 tons having a total valuc of $44,100,486 wero made into coke at the mines, For many yoars Fayctte County has producod more than twicc as much coke as any other county in the State, The county also lcads all other coke producing districts in the United States, | Fourteen coal beds in the county are locally mincable, More than twenty other cosls are not mincablc, The importance of the Pittsburgh bed has so overshadowod the other beds in the county, that they sre little developed. ‘With the steadily approaching exhaustion of the Pittsburgh bed, these thinner coals will gradually assume importance, and will finelly furnish the entire output of the county. This state of affairs has boen long recognized, but it is only in the last few years that any considerable prospecting of ‘ \ * . My 1 a i x ‘ { ay ” ‘ ) * 4 £ hg ane tbh) Con Nil‘ i \ + tall ye ‘ ee quae a4 , mee ala ; ‘ 1 ¥ M ‘ ' P , ty ‘ ’ alee, el te ner \aatien f fA gap ea ape ee i) sot “i yt | re) 4 . - ‘ ‘ J S iy , \ A ‘ l y ve rn : ( : ¥ uy ‘ q 2 od ¥ ’ ! ‘ * " \ ~ 4 ue ny i I i 4 . c a | N / ’ ’ Me 5 1% { ¥ . y y é b . fa . * ‘ \ 4 l ‘ { F - j j Y 4 , 4 i ¥ i ? pa. VA pT a v \ y iy tee + AW 2, wi OG 2 AP “ ghia ene 4 - ’ es > ' : \ / , ! 4 ‘a Ms ri v / 4 ’ 4 ‘ io? = i ‘ Fe AE ’ CS ee AE y | rawe “well es & ee 4 4 ‘ 4s j / ee a 5 wae r Pa ao*t Sates on Ry at The ay Va, * ‘ ” 7 ‘ i] + { ‘ ~ fr to4 ’ oe | if F -y be : of +) e ¢ : Pabae! \ ot SP By } + ; ' 7 \ . J is . A ~ Y j 70 , A t.4 ee : } 9 Ws gue Dd pba eee ay be) i ‘ Ly pa ae these beds has been done. Even at the present time there are areas principally in the coals of the Allegheny formation in which little prospecting has been done, Fayette County is bounded on the north by Westmoreland County; on the east by Somerset County; on the south by West Virginia and Meryland; and on the west by Greene and Washington counties. Its area is 824 Square miles; its greatest length is 36 miles, and its greatest width is 30 miles. Its population in 1920 was 188,104. _ The county has a network of steam railroads. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad follows the east bank of Youghiogheny River across the county and with its branches opens up the district on the east side of the river, It gets some coal by chutes and aerial trams from the west side of the river. The Connellsville-Clarksburg branch of the Baltimore and Ohio: Railroad opens up large fields in the southern part of the county. The Pennsylvania Railroad has many lines through- out the county. MThe.Monongahela Division follows Monongahela River along the entire west boundary of the county; the Paircnance-Greens- burg Division with its branches reaches many mining localities in the central part of the county. The main line of the Western Maryland Railroad follows’the west bank of Youghiogheny River from Confluence to Connellsville, where it connects with the Pittsburgh and Lake frie Railroad which follows the Youghiogheny to Pittsburgh. The Pittsburgh and Lake frie Railroad runs along the Monongahela River between Pittsburgh and Browmsville. Monongahela River has been used extensively since 1841 for the transportation of coal mined in Fayette County. Fayette County has many improved roads and many miles of dirt roads that are kept in good condition. During war time much coal was hauled to sidings for shipment. At present very little coal is hauled over the highways for shipment by railroad. The country east of the western base of Chestnut Ridge is a series of long narrow ridges, roughly parallel, having a general northeast-southwest trend, and separated by rather wide valleys much dissected by mountain streams. Hlevations of 2800 feet are common on Laurel Ridge. Viewed from these high points the region to the west appears to be a featureless plain. It is in reality, a country of rolling land and numerous hills with gentle slopes, ranging from 1200 to 1300 feet in elevation; a much dissected peneplain. The slopes are steep where the streams have entrenched themselves or cut across anticlines. Youghiogheny River has cut a deep gorge across the Ligonier Valley. Remnants of old stream terraces and channels line the slopes of the Monongahela. STRUCTURE. - There are ten major structural features in the:county, each affecting the position of the coal beds. These are, in order from east to west: Laurel Hill anticline, Ohiopyle syncline, Chestnut Ridge anticline, Elliottsville syncline, Dulaney anticline, Uniontown ane NR " Ui ar ay ’ ii rh pa Olen j f e Pee OF | ‘ ee vee arta 7 + V4 ih .S i Sf Ld \eoNaate Wy ad ‘4 whia lta? . Sale i 2 ‘ int heh 8 PoE mS Ye CSE) REO GR, CR eye Sea ae Fo MS Ge bee RO : } 4 i . Ee La is ‘ y PU) ae Lae ews ' ay ts ed pad Se ee 1! Lens eee rye te “pnt ne ' OU Scape a aS BAe Ogee ee J ‘ nn ae e+ FG Lit Babe a EY § 8 y Ratt Peeing J / a d rey hea bp te MM J. 8 we 4 ’ hat ai 5 OM BETIS Ry lw Teme Dade pn ee ae shah cai | Mu eli ueiiee pene eH NE, 7 oe ry nde a death oat: } ake vray) WS Aa ap We 7 site ae DD SI ty i 7 i caf [ uN, a, ; , Waren fie J vil Ay ai ghs 2 i ’ ‘ J ; f eked i = ; Fi a Tie ho oy wee ; eae 1G syncline, Payette anticline, Lambert syncline, Brownsville anticline, and Port Royal syneline. Each structure has a northeast-southwest trend. The structure contours of the county were originally drawn on the top of the Pottsville sandstone and the bottom of the Pittsburgh coal ~ because of the uniformity and persistence of those rocks throughout the county. : The Laurel Hill anticline, a great fold at the eastern edge of the county, brings to light the erosion-resisting members of the Mississippian series, with resulting rugged mountain topography of steen slones and deep narrow valleys. Its axis is well defined, and plunges rapidly to the southwest, with a resulting steep dip into the syncline on the northwest. The -Ohiopyle syncline, the southern extension of the Ligonier Syncline, is a well defined basin. On the southern part of this basin the rocks rise gentiy to the southeast. Northeast at Conflu- - ence the slopes become rapidly steeper. Its axis tails out just north of Blliottsville, and the Chestnut Ridge anticline begins near the same locality. The slopes west of the basin are regular and gentle. The Chestnut Ridge anticline makes’ its. appearance just north of Blliottsville, as a minor fold, with gentle slopes; Near Youghio-~ gheny River the slopes increase; the axis is level, and the siopes are about equal on both flanks. North of the Youghiogheny the fold is ~ greater, and foms the highest structural feature west of Laurel Hill anticline. Altitudes of 2300 feet above sea on the Pottsville sand- _« Stone-are comnon., Sa eT Ses yar aad att 2 * “he Elliottsville syncline,-a-‘minor structure associated with the Ohiopyle syncline, extends north from West Virginia, just west of Ellicttsville, to a point south of Youghiogheny River where it fades out between the Chestnut Ridge and Dulaney anticlines. Its eastern Slope is very gentle; on tne western slope the rocks rise 600 to 700 feet to the mile and fom the Dulaney anticline. : The Dulaney anticline, the next structural feature to the west, iS & minor fold where it originates just across the State line in West Virginia; its axis rises rapidly to the northeast until the Pottsville sandstone has an altitude of 3200 feet on the axis of the fold south of the Summit. Toward Youghiogheny River the fold , gradually widens and the Slopes become low and gradual. _ The Uniontown syncline, forming the well-know Comelisville basin in Payette County, is the largest structural feature in the ; county west of the Chestnut Ridge anticline. The deepest part of this basin is 33 miles northeast of Uniontown, where the Pistsburgh coal is 550 feet above sea level and 600 fect below the highest nill tops. The baSin is unsymmetrical in cross section. The castern flank is narrow and the slope steep; the western flank-is wider, and the slope more gentle. The bottom of the basin is flat, and has a maximum width pS, se TAL : ‘ elt a\ ; iy 4 . } ; ‘ ety ‘ ¢ . i % '. , ° > 2 TIES TAA dp ik fy OS cera Oe oS eat Te Vite Bey Oy" , SAM er yy pen ie | ““<" ra f { De a) Fac Fi + o. 4 (% f Om s ’ ‘ f ‘ * f cme ; has ; A id 3 7 \ mae ax : ’ Fi et) - Y "a rey Ay Jae 7 a Bil a : , ne a , ~ ea a os af eg aoe vw oe we as aie 4 A E 4 re ¥ | ) , fw p Alay ke 3 4 ul pi et Vek Fee | \ ey “ah y j ‘ ; ‘Kis ad ) ay \ ae a ae je Ky Na Mey rary. Mp > ‘ ida : ino ‘ ; vos \ OS a i ‘ Sy Bsa, ea cae i, ee F ‘ oot ’ { » Sars ' i c A t ; Py iY t ia ‘ Why ’ ji bi ‘ eet) v Ve a, Ra i oY ae yoy Ne ethene) Run aad yi ii Py ae 2 ey rc ' As \' ) i ry | , { Fat ae “ fr, taal iy "| ’ ay Dp ate ey eta toh . ' ‘ Nien We Nh Ah it } UI 1 4 aT 1 sat : ‘ ‘ 1 . . ye. 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PAP pe yw’ ae Pa 4 ‘ t } 4 ea ' s Pair in dis iad ta Da a c > | iw a ' } VR Be Pee ’ wi Hf UYU bs el) of i ; ws} “f UA ae x 4 : f ’ \ ; j , boty eth s dope Ohad le A vi e Ope 5 yee a es ote MS Crags Re ee ’ ‘ ty Atle of ¥ 'y 1" { vi 4 : yey! pre a, id 647, f Pa ALL hee Us dic bie eras \ ra me sud oe / ay ee Wey @ 2 i { t ei a x y i "by ' AGS sh Py ty, vi Eb nat j bin j ee a hs t ‘ ’ aT ¢ ‘A oe TL Pag WRT 1 i t ‘ ‘ F - yea Find 4 ey Ni Bite West a2 4 re sat ‘ ye Yi Ny al) ' Bs fA see ty; a aan) t ha i Ce a : "F MM eh me : 4h ORR at ta Gy) fe ‘ aS BN ae TG a dle AM al BY BET Le ' rd ‘ L . F ‘ ’ i wo % Luts Ute P a +} ay ¥ ye ibe 9 Ya Pye! we, 1” ‘ ‘i 1 ( ; 4 a v < A ’ 4 ‘ i Poe eer . A x ’ hy + ; re rl I ae ws i of about 13 miles. The axis rises toward the south. The northern end is rounded and canoe-shaped. The ‘Fayette anticline forms the western flank of the Connells- ville basin. This fold gradually increases northward across the county, and reaches its maximum development in Youghiogheny River area. Its greatest altitude of 1800 feet is reached on the Fayette- Westmoreland county line, just northwest of Tyrone Mills on Jacobs Creek. The slopes on both flanks are gentle. The Lambert syncline, lying west of the Fayette anticline, is a basin Somewhat deeper but not as regular as that formed by the Uniontown syncline. The Lambert syncline originates in Greene County and deepens toward the north to its greatest depth just west of New Salem, where the Pittsburgh coal lies at an elevation of 450 feet above sea. The rocks rise rapidly on the east to the crest. of the. Fayette ahticline; on the west the slopes are more gentle. The Browmsville anticline is a minor structure composed of a series of elongated domes along a common axis. The Pittsburgh coal has an altitude of 800 feet at Browmmsville and at Gillespie north of which place the axis plunges sharply. The southern ‘tip of the Port Royal syncline extends into the county, but is an unimportant structural feature. STRATIGRAPHY. The Quaternary, Carboniferous, and Devonian systems have out- cropping members in Payette County. The Quaternary is represented by recent sand, clay and gravel deposits along river banks and terraces; the Carboniferous system is represented by both the Pennsylvanian and Mississippian series of sedimentary rocks, com-~ prising shales, clays, sandstones, limestones, and coals. The out- erops of Devonian rocks are limited to the Catskill formation, coml- posed of olive green and red shales, The Pottsville, Allegheny, Conemaugh, Monongahela, Washington, and Greene formations of the Carboniferous system are all coal bearing. The Washington and Greene formations are present where the Uniontown and Lambert synclines have deeply buried the lower rocks. These formations are composed of shaly sandstone and sandy shale, with numerous thin limestones, and several coal beds, some of which are workable. In Greene County the maximum thickness of these iyi formations is 1100 feet. In Fayette County, however, only 400 ree is present the remainder having been eroded. The Monongahela formation is composed of calcareous oH eolaetanat sandstones, limestones, and coal beds. It has been eroded sl Ba parts of the county. Its maximum thickness is 400 feet where 1 renains intact under the Washington formation. a A — \ ‘ 5 > Ay hy Us CON Ie ve me's vt ’ vee! TH y hy “ aul) Hemp eb ED (i) PE aaa) bP CEN sesberlee RMON Fe Oty aa a at “ab Cori GAL ARS eu Mae ee Ee ae See ae cents orto moe ‘aah i ee tis i q RN i i ahi ji, ay ‘i 4% f d Mah Mh sia ou: ie | joan ie on | : bese attk oS eA seks 4 , > ? ‘ ! . . ‘ ; ™ ay ie 2 bh a | ee nee ae Ce MRS SS mae Seep ath . Ti (eat | j Sd exemeen A D8 ai Je > hired, aa ee beh y : - %e y é oe “y ne * / ’ +d : ae .thetaing °) ; ae a Wt ~ ) a! ty oe " Eat rh K we ait 7 ¥ | { . " 4, , ? vi 3 x va F 7S Yok eee bee de Bon PRY SLgoeee ee So ee ave ‘ we rea | ¥iy A ae ei “ghee ed ¥ 8% a Be ter hi tw ayy: Ary i, ’ ays - a " ; _* i eo Ae dae ALG fe Oe Sate u ; % ea rob aR ade i realy Ab oi SY ete | i ‘ t / 7 . en 5 | a le ee : ald i ; pal ey ae z} iio * co a a Tey he ie fF. * 4 Tr > BWA * ves * 8 Stee ‘att We pasty anaes et Wee eh Lam her ait een. dae hE +e . ih * shes ye ; Bod oan te ; mK ; ‘Gite Hire ah hen Su tee SRR ee aa wean ied hee Afnet Se i + A ‘ As de ; We ae tr: aor ergt Tee peepee | A ae : ¥ ” . 4 3, i ‘ “ "5 € ; ; ‘ 5 ; 1 Hig) . i 7 , . ‘ y 7 , in r x iny “4 aed re oh 1 lg reir he, Ruz be hep rye : A, ‘- ei! rin XY .. Ay 4 RE e git vies Bi ‘ Li h eh ane Puy a s LE f / , iS = tae ; . ee, ts wet ney" y Abe s Mw ' Ne bls ig Vee \ » fredwnd orran m y r 5 A Rive bat Wiha Bal ' ‘ 4 f j [%. ‘ 3 » ‘ - LP id ae 5 Mik ? a 4 Dg Ay j + st yar A bi Pry rua iit H i 4 / YY ral were ee eas . "a Wi e Whetyh ee y y ; , hg ;, path , "4 a Se Pid tid oh i. ws | i ats tate, ae ee vs poe Oy auton Lil Baus i3t *y u.>* J , ‘ ¢ ing 14 he bs ‘ ees ae Bree te, Seah i é: i a fee Pane a Wa % a1 ye it wel. t : iy Le > +h pe as ton fo : Co ek CIR LAE ' SAD. CS DOSES BE A Oe ee Paths ae Coe 7 icobre, 4a | ay : FE Bee eS het 4 ate ee OS os we ; i ; ; ar hen hip peeve ao 4 yp pore’ ay i " | ane i Pion’, eit ee . Unie abt ‘al + i Ss yf ley de i SEND |) aOCR pan event tl Wp datet ENC Y be vk Lk by wl) dieu 9 Doky oe At 7 i :: ey hi i ‘ hy 1 * { ‘- te N a cat van aha . 7 5) oF K hy ys , if ‘ weet Nat 1 teh i? f ' San a) “e) “re LC) hw a my, : 1 a } as ¥) bh ag Bay - z + iy na DRA / my ; we : an ae ae tee ee ee S| ie *" A Wat 7 Paar, vy 9 ew ty en pe oe etatiol ; weteusns in a, es ee ER gs bas tit hd aah Milt OY Fiore ‘ae Gy acy - i . hay behient Aber tigS. > Ome. eae a 5 A aia! Pius ‘ ( fe ny h . : ” re at We ee Pee ik ate Via! orl. Cane my ey a A Bt ee : _% he of rath) i iu ge ij ig tas a eA a TRY oy "et ef ef fh i ie nf f Ay A eat A Oa el dy sid Yt * orp dap RA eae 5 xf ‘ ‘ ry 33 ah tgs yale 3 f es Y Aap gat w mI ay Bi ey We : i yet Oe iy) oh daha ied na : i wy iy. pH ys ae 4 * nif A Pint § j ‘ ¥y f 4 ‘ee 4 nm : 4 Preoty #4 vel OO ea ens Ki 5 f 4 Wks > ME 4s rau % @) «1 th hal m4 ae or ent 0k ; *t 4 > ay Hi ; Re A ) ; are : i ¥ pe |) | Jip ay ed “ Fis heady) a 5 ob, io (rt ta ym ‘ ae 1 . ‘ p's ae eine er i — **; " ; ; ‘ ; We rf 11) a a Gay j T ¥ 7% ht Hy i = nt ‘ “ : ! il re ee t " ’ ; AMEE tf 4 jis | UL eee eel { a ; ‘ LS f x _ iy - ’ s The Conemaugh formation is present in two-thirds of the county and outcrops on the flanks of the structural folds. This formation is composed of shales, limestones, sandstones and many coal beds, few of which are mineable, Its average thickness is about 580 feet, The Allegheny formation is present over the entire county with the exception of spots on the anticlines where it has been eroded, It has an average thickness of 270 feet and is composed of sandstones, shales, limestones, and several valuable coal beds, associated with clays which are sometimes valuable, The Pottsville formation is composed of two massive sandstones, variable in thickness, with shale and one unimportant coal between them. Its maximum thickness rarely exceeds 100 feet, The Devonian rocks have a limited outcrop on the largest anti- Clines, They are not coal bearing. COALS. The correlation of the coals in Payette County is based on the reports of the Second Pennsylvania Geological Survey, and the Mason- town-Uniontown end the Brownsville- Connellsville folios published by the United States Geological Survey. These reports were made when the Pittsburgh coal was the only bed being mined commercially, and more attention was paid to it than to the other coal beds. Since these A were published no detailed geological work has been ee done. - The writer recently made a reconnaissance of the newly developed areas. The correlations in this report, therefore, are- Subject to revision when a detailed re-survey of the economic arog} sources of the county is made, However, with the well known Pitts- burgh coal as a datum, the correlations of the other beds may be assumed as reasonably correct. } Mercer Coal. The Mercer co { has a limited outcrop in the county. It is best exposed:along tJoughiogheny River, where it averages less than 12 inches, but locally is over 2 feet thick. Openings made for local use are now fallen shut. The bed was opened at Wharton Furnace on Chaney Run to make coke for use in the old furnace but the coke was poor. On Braddock Run the coal has a maxi- mum thickness of 4 feet, but is dirty at the top. It has possibili- ties as a domestic fuel east of the Chestnut-Laurel ridge in the vicinity of the National Pike. re : . ie . , + 3 \ rs - - - ~~ . “ ds > ‘ me . 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Lead ya 1 ne (fu. aa ‘ ‘ ‘ nt - < t + Mb 7 ae... m | Us Cae ? ix rh GA eer a) Py ) ‘ é we 4 wae « ” { s \ : ° + f \ art pare ly 4 ’ Pik od ALA { bs, a ub \ A y re f ; 4 { aS Ops : 4 x a) “ yt i ey ' hit sl : ‘ oh! - i : | y A deka Se LS s cg Pulte ¥ Mi P “ i i j , eae ie, 7 vi uty 4 ne ' d ee | i? i. Ww \ we a) bat 4 is ’ 7 ‘ \ M4 7 i a ee ea j ; , , “ ‘ . , - j } 4 4 _ Vw * i ct ‘ re : sh) ls % ’ : J 7: * 4 1 a > ‘ ." / i] ry ; ; a "hd 4 7 i V s t ‘ on / i r P) My i a 4 ‘ i i, . t 4 ‘ 1 if J m an e + y 4 F f ; ; is “af ; ; eS oe yr f i 4 Wei es ths be % o ‘ "4 vs. wn f omg ¥ a 2 . i, hs By batt, > r rt a % p cod nf ’ 7 * H b ! ; : we , a ra Pe ON ie Puce fac onee [i ny Rae | . - ale 1 , r y we Pre an Y , Lt Nias API A a vai Mis fr eet > af a8 + ‘j tes) rhs ofa i Ba, iy » ah ‘ \ ae ig x r t 4 .. , \ ’ j ‘ , V ; cy { q f ' j 1 j 4 ; ; Ky { Aa Cotas “ej i LCi eaten hot) abe ve cy Ss , ; i Wa Ve lhts: Mite uf [od a4 f nae peut) ‘ { Gs rf lag Hy ; cy A ay aed Oe ey gird Upver Kittanning Coal. This coal is present in several town- Ships but is workable only in the Confluence-Indian Creek district, and in isolated tracts in the central and western parts of the county. The coal is more or less dirty, carrying either bone or clay part- ings, or several inches of boney coal at the top of the bec. The presence of "sulphur balls" locally makes it very high in sulphur. The ash varies from 2.5 to 13 per cent. The Upper Kittanning is the most valuable and the only bed mined in the Confluence area. It is mined by drift along its out-° crop on Youghiogheny River. It is characteristically a double bed, with a fire clay parting 6 inches to 6 feet thick, The upper bench of good coal ranges from 1 foot 6 inches to 3 feet thick. The lower bench is from 1 foot to 23 feet thick, and is rather high in sulphur. In the vicinity of -Ohiopyle the bed is 2 to 33 feet ‘thick, has many thin bone partings, and althouzh very clean locally, it varies much in quality. In the vicinity of Dunbar the Lower Kittanning is a single bed averaging 2s feet thick. The bottom clay is 6 feet thick in some places and is mined with the coal for making brick. The coal outcrops in many other localities and ranges from a few inches to 4 feet in thickness. Where thickest it'‘carries several bone or shale partings which lessen its value. The Upper Kittanning in most places is better than the Lower Kittanning. The sulphur content averages less than 3 percent, and the ash around 7 percent, The fuel ratio is always about 3, Lower Freeport Coal. This is the most irregular bed in the Allegheny formation in Fayette County. It ranges from a few inches to 5 feet in thickness, carries bone or clay partings and never is clean. Where thickest the partings are numerous, This bed has been mined on Indian Creek, where its maximum thickness is 5 feet, including at least two binders having a total thickness of over 1 foot. The top bench, usually 3 feet thick, is good coal. The lower bench is seldom mined, Several mines were opened in this bed when the prices of coal were high, but it is ale if the small mines can be operated at a profit in normal ames, The bed is thin and worthless almost everywhere in the Ligonier Valley, its average thickness being less than 1% feet. West of the Chestnut-Laurel ridge the bed is thicker, but is mineable in few places, It is a thick bed in several townships, but three clay partings destroy its value, At Dunbar the bed averages 30 inches thick, and carries a two inch bone binder about 5 inches from the top, It is difficult to Separate this binder from the coal. The coal is very low in sulphur, but high in ash, Sane AAS xt . Tact 2 ’ ‘ \ ae af b i F * ; : yh < \ < oe es - ‘ ‘ : ‘ ' ew 7“ we fae tu we | | chen’ 7) eM et & , td We ‘ S : ” a ak \ ‘ W fi} “y ' r ‘ a . F ‘ Yr ‘ s d : bf v ‘ % ite i ah to) AI TY | 4 4 . { a“) ‘ % “4 ’ ’ , \ 1 oe . LA / “ ) Lut ¢ as ny : res we Tee ‘ ‘ , ; g = . A + ee 1) 3 pl 5 i ; ‘ ¥ iF FF 8 cnteaty A ele cre gy ies ee a - Pa Seay yh ” hr wh. ct rie t i 7 x; es Palen ie opie v | at i ea ; Wh ¢ grey ; ¥ ; ole a es 4 i ; , A "UL LAs a ae Me PA a uy iv Ri ie} \ j P } ; “ Ki ¥ Mi hel a i if ta tT tJ % Gy ‘ . k f i ten de ey - ; " aa ‘eure we Ay & ‘ ae ee ; A a OS ff qe ey £ il a Ny ms Shee yar A to SS a ie ATW Fae ply : - Boke ( i i r v ie Oe $ bore fON - wrt wt ¥ oy 4 We ie. hen Pg a oe I i x Pah er ee =~ . Cth POL VR x " 4s Pe Eee al ie dys, fs a ay esac bs ts Omeae. 6) TT) { J Le : aad a me y daar por ‘ ah », » he he ib ae rar %-<¢ wt Sopsy fee ec A Enter RN NS” Aas ‘ h “a A 1 ‘ } " ay I ae rey, ‘ Rien! eb On ee, as : ei ‘wo eet Pg Og ROR ie ete a Ayr ri , : i f *) i/o) . «i i , a * ey ¥ 1 © oh) y en J . f pt sey : } ar Avs t ome rs 4 tem, a) 4 Teale i Uy Nal, if re Pe wal vt bccn ie PAM Hee an wy. :. de egy taped BRR Di hg i vee ‘a r 7 ‘ Wwe ve VAs Vas @ Oe 7 ie roe ay "a v (eels oa} yeh Ae 7? 3) on 5 D, i 5 rie \ : y : rs wr 5 9B 2 ar ‘ nD art y i Late Pyiay vf Anas tien Le wh he é % ted ial re aff , y \ Ns yn aye oe «/ . ‘ %,) hi v i . Ae Oe ees Ms th ey Lh an vy a we) een yt ry : : a yah Dake a Wat 4 1 : Ara x Z ne ae [ “ A f : “Cd Se Ba fe Tits his ; gf EL ey bad ee iM bs end" onny tue im” eh a's a ae a a Obes oper’ ee gris oe gee ae ie . ganed bad ‘astanh oe RAG ee, SEL IR eae Hobhed’ wre PAU TOUS RE: 9 «| ae bau es ‘oe Hy, wor A aw ha hid. ¢ ee | mee f a iy 1 tak Aycth j tee Ke t Aoki ae PyS: Ti ) aid RB. Yah eA, \ sa Er Hl Sete ”* “a w Z ryt ae + £ ime BARN y CB Shn uy er Vine i i if i 4 b i i oo . . we ~ mi + eB . yt + Le with ie! hak bes if Vet aelty mb bY ce: { wh 4 ; rhe % ; fe hy nt M Me 6 ‘| me at ne oe vs Be me Le vr ly a " 4 m ? ty ave ; yi pk rs fr aah unt RM Roe Sahin . $ c : ey a ee ae Ae Ka Need AG oF pee Pt hs ei, | to vi fA rolee act ORES baa eae LO ee MES eh : 9 Lh ae ote a te ; \ riety , { y “ei : | au mn . i s~ t : q ¢ : e ; “ ie rs) < Ma) ay ii " LG | - y ws ; - wat digo A oe eo 2 rk Nd ; pres ae i. ‘) “aN , iyi , ai "a rs tee i i Ny var R % rine ee ey t 2 ; ' am | ‘ H (eva ew 4 P ee Pty on Sa oe pia! me Se aa ySON YW hee Ne ag a SEN one Cee ee nhs a rb action Onstage ie ay Lays aan a ie S f Bee) The bed is usually concealed in the southern part of the county, - but on Little Sandy Creek it is a good coal 4 feet thick. It is very thin in the northern part of the county and is never opened. Upper Freeport Coal. This bed is the most persistent of the Allegheny coaIs in Fayette County. Its thickness varies from a few inches to 6 feet; it also varies from a clean coal to a coal with many partings and high in iron pyrite. It is a well known bed in the eastern and central parts of the county where it outcrops, ‘but in the western part of the county where it is deep under cover, it is known only from drill records, Many openings have been made recently in this bed in Henry Clay and Stewart townships. The coal shows great variation in quality and thickness, but in most places is in two benches separated by 6 inches to 4 feet of fire clay. The top bench varies from $ to 3 feet, and the lower bench from 1 to 24 feet thick. Locally two or more bone partings appear in the coal in addition to the main clay parting, Large areas in Springfield and Saltlick townships are yet unprospected, but may contain some mineable tracts. The Upper Freeport coal has been opened in a-‘great many places: in the central part of the county. In Springhill, Georges, Wharton, Dunbar and North and South Union townships, the bed averages about 4 feet thick, but has several thick bone and clay partings. Locally, however, it is thinner and cleaner. At Dunbar the bed averages 4 feet 2 inches thick, but carries many partings near the top and bottom. There is 30 inches of good clean coal in the middle of the bed. ‘North of the Youghiogheny the bed varies from 3 to 7 feet thick, and is best at South Connellsville where it is 7 feet 2 inches thick, with only three very thin bone partings. Drill records indicate that the Upper Freeport coal is lenticu- lar, but is thick and excellent in some of the townships bordering the Monongahela, This coal ranges from 1.5 to 4 percent in sulphur, and from 6 to 15 percent ash, depending upon the amount of impurities left in the coal after it is mined. When the Pittsburgh coal has been worked out this bed will assume importance, as it is 2 fair steam coal, It does not make satisfactory coke. Conemaugh Coals, The correlation of the Conemaugh coals is most Vague and this Survey will attempt none wntil detailed studies of the limestones and their faunas have established the real’ identity of the beds, In the absence of better designations, local names will be used, Farmington Goal. This coal, 65 feet above the Upper Freeport, is 3 feet thick at the tovm of Farmington in Wharton township. On Jonathon Run northeast of Youghiogheny River this bed averages 2 feet, and is even thicker in southern Wharton township where it carries several bone and clay partings. It has no commercial value at present. ied = pu a ‘ Df o\ hei yy ' i fap fi p s ” 5 f. t my ‘ 4 i ” » ‘Ky OW 4 " : , 4 J, : \ ‘ Mm se : ¢ ‘ ' my: ty 9, ; iyi rie - 1 : » Mi) ; ON \ that ites haa. + \ 4 be 4 " i A 49 g ’ ray vet } ’ 3 . i P i 4 . +e ave ) “" st Abaya ss ay i : STAM v : u as al 1 EA a , 7 r i” ’ y ‘ wi mie i f > [ “9 r 4 > * ri ‘i t : ' i i ’ 4 . : oe Ld LF - } r i we aes ‘ mar aie: \ ‘ ‘ * 4 4y ’ ‘ B hd ’ ‘ . é Ce PORN id 3) nat ) \ j A ‘ f i We at ¢ s ‘ ; | ‘ 1 j i ie “i 4 4 4 , Le > ty 4 ’ Fi eX : 4 lig AB sb'sln, ‘oe was " i" . r } wy 4 ‘ 5 ; s i " ‘ Hith : Ly } , “ oy ' \ + al yk ] r r Nn 4 ‘ \ W 4 *y AA ‘ i 4 - \ ’ ‘ / ig y ry Wek i ' } t vey ‘ { 4 1 ae Hy ails ! ii “ ef 4 he fl 5 i oe” 1 br aoa ae Qe nien ly My d ray er ey ; ’ j ' a Wiig Pe a Wh hag meet Fae calateal Sneha ay” a ' » r oe) Wat ‘ ae 4 ed ae iL Cae ae) » Re | {aa hep acs eis, i z wv Liie 1 ee Bes ie, Uae "a as), iu Wa” ‘ ‘ " Oa VO Lan! A led ¢ / * fas ‘ | / ‘ ( A hes Bal he ‘Ae hr ie 7 be 4 4 " - A hid 5 ii ae ‘ 4 | (ORAS Re ERE cme SS { ; f ' P ‘ ae | ’ \ ‘ ; ve } 4 ‘4 a bh | a ae | A ant he bs i 4" Pe) ,. iy Ids se A sr ~ : y ( j ‘, y \ Tie iin “a | vlawey? y) / eae SO Re TET hat dW gether $ ; 4 tat ' ght ah nee ye ‘ j , ' s ; “bbs MP Teen yee Th a Pra 4 ea aT ay hel (ee ean yi uz ’ nh 0 NRE TRY GY ihe abate REA iy : « : earn \ Wey Ae pity wr eae | Ve RTT | ae er LAF ‘l to tan ae j hw elas : PANT T ail ial fA / . y Vee fae ' ‘oe et] ‘ Te de A iy i ‘ x y ‘ft ‘wary fi 1 “ it ae | are Fi LV ie ety ag og ; My , - i ss Wiebe ve 4 ; eat tine di i Ra pay ney ; et eA ect AV ONT at iy FC | oe NaN jeri ne H Ane ' Ved? pat 4 ‘ ’ : iad . a at eas ai . oe , ¥ f \ W j A f woes } ‘ sv Piney? ey 1 ee) nigh ake ? y Wd 1 } : ; A 1 Y 4 \ ioe \ yi { iS cat ‘ 4 7 , 4 y 5 } hiv ’ ie a a) NOR eA fig Nie Wogsd Hager Coal. This bed, lying about 180 feet above the Upper Freeport, has been mined in the vicinity of Yager Hill where it is 5 feet thick; On Tharp Knob south of Yougniogheny River it is 5 to 7 feet thick, but contains several bone partings. It was once mined for local use on Redstone Creek, Barton Coal, This bed, found about 115 feet above the Ames limestone, was mined years ago near Wharton Furnace in Wharton tow- Ship where it varies from 18 inches to 4 feet thick. Elsewhere it is not mineable and in some large areas is absent. Pittsburgh Coal, The Pittsburgh coal in Payette County is naturally divided and can be conveniently discussed in two natural districts or basins, the Uniontowmn-Connellsville district and the Monongahela River district, Differences in quality and physical character of the coal are marked in the two districts. Pittsburgh Coal in the Uniontown-Connellsville District. The Pittsburgh coal in this district ranges from 8 to 11 feet thick, It is unusually clean, and carries but one persistent bone binder varying from 4+ to 3 inches thick, about 18 inches from the bottom, In many places several bone partings,averaging less than & inch, separate the benches in the lower Givision. The upper division is present, but is not as characteristic of the bed as in the river districts It is left on the roof to insure safety; some~ times a few inches of top coal from the lower division is also left for safety. The floor is remarkably uniform and free from "rolls." The coal has alternating dull resinous and bright shiny streaks, and contains numerous small lenses of bone, and some pyrite; it is compact, tends to break into cubes; is tender, and falls apart with handling. The latter character is not objectionable, as it puts the coal in the best form for thorough coking. The Pittsburgh coal in the Connelisville’ basin is also used successfully as a steam coal, To avoid a long discussion by townships, a table showing the general average thickness of the bed in the townships included in this district, has been compiled from a great number of sections, _DZocally the coal may vary as much as a foot from these generalized sections, but in the main they illustrate the representative thick- ness of the bed. Roof Lower Coal in Roof Township Division Clay Division Division | Rich Mia pate Wate Pts Tn oo Bese Ime Springhill 4 0 0 6 8 8 as 6 Georges 4 O 2 8 9 2 gt 10 North Union 2 0 @) 5 8 a 0 8 Dunbar 3) as 1 @) 9 6) 3 % Connellsville 5 0 1 @) 8 2 3 8 ) : 1 erm, \ , . ‘ 7 . ‘ e ° j i * . » : « i | 1 %y 4 ! - \ yy oP ) ’ Lad f. Wo j ] * y ' , iy eta ‘ hh nue . ‘ rh * - aa anf 1 - a Wy) ety + Mle, « 4 ‘! ae | a ap aw | w Da \ i ae ¢ » a“ , ‘ iaty Ngee ie oa rye st ” 4 fr i ia 4 FS Dhry fy esi al Mia MAE oer fey my wed, apie hing ahi oY A: ’ i ive , 7A, eit jas ; , Peck prnn cgl ae By amis ie . hae ? wy CATR } a ens cane ay ij Re rok ey (iwiely gee es MEAS Cee os a. f ~ | "4 egy 1 | ta? a! ae at bed $3 : my Pr ‘ oe Be AR ge ESOT, 5 pau eel lay + ‘ey hy ey may oo [ al ae ae } he in i} a Dy’) Bar ah re, Mo Rae Sipe i fl ht ay iepetlar es ©») ige aiee ak ’ PAR ~ t3 # ‘ “a a ee ie wie + 5 2 * ; } * t ? avd if mis ’ Pa Pr ; A byt ae iat i 1 et Fa : : fai ; a 4 A i ' Aah RO ote REINS Y , ne , eer, set psieees ah weeny ¢ * ‘ “ Pas bee <1 hee hed beet ik + ry a fp oy oe t MLN Bae ‘ * neh - * eee ee b wel, 4 . yo - aia ry, ‘ be ® nt & aw * . wk ak +7. het ae Sate eg re eng aging gow dgay Pm hw etotn h pianaenet omy op pws iat Bad peeves’ - ma. i 7 z Por ‘ fy r oe at a Wey y F ae TA AH Ost | a rn Le ee < eae ' § Ak othe ie Dh ae Nan ee Yas 4 | ' ley ‘re TNR Ps" ou a4 Ow ig i 4 ot Pact . a 3 ere ALD i ih ay a f edd Sa { 14 gene 4 i Rare tes ‘ } . i Lore) fal es Aa er ae ee pad a See": Ri ite’ Vit tm \ a a #6 as ath, Paper he re 4 ‘ } Rack WA Cbs (ee i, af f R é t * at ‘a dia : x4 - m r i ‘ id ‘ ae. ; 2 x - . i ‘ ¥ ‘ ha ¢ > Vea é Ww voor Yel ina Se a rn ¥ A f : iy / ( id “ W, i] } af ° * a > 1 ’ , : : ¥ = + y ia) ) t : des ‘ : , oie , ’ » huis eng * 4 i ney’ 4) rt 4 * ' i y ia » . ‘ a wih’ ¢ , rg 7" ” de x ~ , ‘ ie est 5 * elt 4. ‘et Wes ' dt i he fy # ~ & 4, “ Pay 1% ! ue heer ah sgt > i n ‘ Wy ik 7 F ' bel a ay 1 APN r trie # ¢ 4 i Py ary > fj ‘fe fe Bae satA Fu (i fea ed +e +» oer *“ ~ 4 1 i} 5 , et by et aS aS ae) NG i / : 4 ’ ohe ia er a5 oth “fy { ry , ! Pa oy he Bes (i Sil $s, Prt ky van ek 2 5 be ap ig hm > ' ¢ te ee) ti ry eb Ce EE Pere Ka { ry ms 8 | 9% pret So ox ve ¥ a gta es =e x Pi fr +4 , 0. via “y Ve! Se + a = ES ft, By FA PS COC ae a LG. ise 4 ‘ c ve th ; { <7 on o 4 a - bs he \ - vi Pr" oh Tate vey AO ts t * Pe me Pint ‘he ue ¥ a a ’ Va : aT ae wet on) ‘ie apa 1 ane ay > ‘ ts ‘ft M ‘an 4 : Peat ty cere Bip ei i Me a oat le eg LA Bas whl A oe ee: + mS wre ig ek’ ae ao 7 2 L at Ncw gm a he a ait RE SPD OEE Pe Yi ‘ Met os J ne . AN ie i ys! one HALE: cn WES aH yal at poeey at Re a aD IE ob dL cof SA eh , ti. eae pe ad ER i) t wk Ont w Pig ‘ ary ke nM Gi [woe f ‘ * P 4 } ry) dary ny : th , ah eas © a ‘ f : +5 PF Gl wa Not i ! “ ary AT TADS ee ot OM Hethe C Boke he tes Ww ah t Bll OG rise i 1 wee 5 or Ob bs re keine poeta | | Rut Mace ae Sian Sty Ry Oe go 6 eh Bice, USO RSE | old Moni he Ue ye ie WR bet, hhh val ree ‘bees aa ins ahi pO a | u Aue fe pepe ea Wt ty or “Migehs stark aiden his gn hh ees eased penieenstehs. te ‘saga nee TOL AS ae nS a Sicldhon 1? antibacorna! an aie we pat ~ In the central part of Jefferson. the western part of Perry, and the southeastern part of Washington townships it averages about 8S feet. In the western part of Jefferson and Washington townships, and in Lower Tyrone township the average thickness is 7 feet. Recstone Coal, The correlation of this bed anc of the Sewickley coal above it, is uncertain in several areas, and only tentative until more detailec geologic work can be cone. These beds are very lenticular, irregular, and poorly exposed. Their distance above the Pittsburgh bec appears to ciffer from place to place. Becs ranging from 40 to 126 feet above the Pittsburgh coal have been correlated as the Redstone. The Redstone coal commonly is about 60 feet above the Pittsburgh bed. Although extremely variable in thickness, it is a valuable bed locally, and is minec for domestic use in several places. With the exhaustion of the Pittsburgh-bed, it will assume some importance as @ Shipping coal, It is hard, and mines out in fair sized lumps; it is rather high in sulphur and ash. ‘At Lemont air shaft the coal is 4 feet thick; at Hill Parm 3 feet, and at Leith shaft 5 feet 7 inches thick. [It carries several very thin bone partings that lessen its value. South and southwest of Uniontown the bed has been openec for domestic use and averages about 3 feet thick, Many thin lenses of bone, and “knife blades” of pyrite make its ash and sulphur rather high, ‘In Springhill township the bed averages 4% feet thick and is mined for house coal. It is poor in quality, and will probably never be valuable as a shipping coal. The Redstone coal is persistent in the river cistrict, but averages less than 2 feet thick. \here the bec thickens, partings of shale and bone make mining unprofitable except for house coal, Sewickley Coal. A. coal 120 to 175 feet above the Pittsburgh bec, is opened at many places both for domestic and shipping coal. This bed varies from a few inches to 6 feet in thickness. As a rule it is very dirty and impure, but locally where thick has excellent quality and commercial mines have been opened PTV Dw es Oe a hs variable in its physical and chemical qualities. Its sulphur will average about 3s per cent, and its ash about 11 per cent. The volatile matter is very high. Washing and picking make it an excellent steam coal, In the vicinity of Masontown the Sewickley coal has a maximum thickness of 6 feet, and averages 5 feet 10 inches. A few inches at the top of the bed is a mixture of pyrite bancs and coal, but the remainder is clean. At FPairchance the bed averages 4 feet 2 inches . thick, with 5 inches of bone at the top, a4 inch binder 3 feet from the roof, and a % inch parting near the bottom. At Uledi it averages 4 feet 6 inches thick, with a 3/4 inch bone binder 2 feet from the bottom. Rolls in the clay floor make mining difficult. The coal is minec at many other places in the county, but variations in thickness and quality in a short distance make successful mining uncertain, mae dee " te ‘ 7 “¥ 4 wy ‘ 4 vw s j 4 e yess ee * ‘ ae é & as Py trae ‘ 46 ts / a j + , { “ - \ - a ‘ \ 7 ite i haere eS ee Ny od 4 * z der ; = ee 6 ‘ $ t ° r 4 j ' 4 Ay abe ‘4 ce) ‘ t ti , ’ 4° % Bercy ; ‘ cod EA: Vivetgy et ; argl. Nee’ al a} i Ro ay EOS eh aa >, 5 i. aan. - * oh, re » ay iv rs A 4 " VC foe ot yas wel ci So ihe ge? be pee ts ny Ma Ath of gy 7 on < 5 SA 15 ah “aiage ‘ “4 y ’ j . NN ea ay linc Nhe Cet ook ‘ . : ‘ i e ‘ . r+ ” ‘ er ee an Wen Pe (sp kame ate f Ae Speke ere me Sha Tew’ ’ PO ree Mabe 1s END ee £ At | ; " Pe hy % At aes: eae 3 4): be Aap se ey aes Eel F ee way serene RA: b | Pg ' . ’ , i 4 a j % " } ‘ x vyak > ea Wie | ee hyr : ~s Dy | a F , 4 , ‘i H af 5 ‘ ‘ +2 AS w 4 , 4 ae > ay? LBD Het op es La i ’ i ‘ 1 KS ‘ f iY , y * : Tat H ba, tt y t 7 “ oe i ‘ ; y WA fe) w Wa) vee r ~ . P) 7 r + . A\'- as ¢ fav 7 lo ' ‘ 1 4) oo hiey gine ‘ 'y ‘ i ah ae vat r I é ( ? a 1 y nen ‘et f aki £50 | y 5 4 i 6 ; 4 i 4 * ‘ pele t ‘ 4 j ‘ 5 Py bet, bel dy Me tet ‘ 4 e pi ' j ‘ ber hae 5 : ~ ea r DA Mew, weer i pA h i Ba eds ob : one. ; a f = 7 ; iv?) aoe i vA if 5 iF f de 4 e ‘ ' y - / ; ty i é ’ " % 7 i ‘ t ) ‘ Lia : ‘ . i - i \ t ; ; : 4 ¥ Ls ’ : ; r “f ) 4 ! , , ‘ rr; ; ‘ { ; , } wil / ‘ . 4 rit e ‘ ; A TM j , i 4 - i y Y / ” . j wee 7 + Y Y fvond wee Nive : ‘ r 7h my o / F J , x — - ‘ i . ; ? ; , : \ 7 - ‘ t % i H a " i. ve . r . ; 4 wr j i ONG Os vt sae ON ' We 4 ah an t 7 Pin 5 Age oe by wit ‘ ; ‘ : oy 4 of 4 > ety Noe: Pan = i 2 : ‘ wd Me wi f eae De al P ¥ ’ } of 1 y j 8h . Tn! a hie eR, ' MEP Gis MAN TON CEP eg Mae a ta oe tes ‘ ‘ y i F ry i ‘ oa «! ’ > i, . Bhs cei g ater Ve oT. af pe hah EE. MVE opts pe AE — H 4 Y " ¥i " y 4 fia f , Ni i, + ‘ j py * j by Ms fy MR Ki * i ea 2B; Ky mate ‘ : i . rey 4 ae ot rips Pe ea ik: Le id - ine | ated ie ' oped ty ind ba hi Pk ‘ viel ete rate Bie ae i met) Fab Wie ee f { ; ran | mA Lane mr ye Wh gt ate y Pere bet by Dress A es ; se ae ee rl ae oe eae oe { ? “t . Lag (AAA ile, amare so2 ap Le asia ue ped, fe s os ‘ ’ x A a pe & | y he . 7 a * is ys re Ro Oe ile yer es help { Lvs » ~ Y agi iz a oe ni ied’, ‘eau oe ig ny ; a! tw { wr ry 4 “i a) th hehe tidal y ‘ | | auperd sh adi : oe Se {x ide Pid Sia Reson j “ay ot ‘*e sa | i pehs ie tie cue nee a anne A ‘eats ne amma me 8 Sant 4 ean iy | wee igs rg he ii tee LSE haan paca > eg. ote’ re be BY WAN PL ie fee ¢ i ‘ hr as te De en f me Des ae ig v4 a! 5 f ' ‘ i id / . yee | ‘ “ ‘fi ; : ia Me ‘ ae ic ,* a } a a ‘ee A be ar Ler eae \s ay ‘ V é Artap’ 4" he Ga ee Ai. tae I ffi WA Ae, ee saat . a ete) rae ot of ‘ " ri | gaat et a= ay tog RS RR oe ie: : 3 f ye | BAe ey mA } ws ee ee earn ea ak ee i Or ‘ Lak : 4 Ray BA 4 Ah AOE De® AGN ig? i ead. gir jay , . Pmt em ee ans fi ae sa ark Sis: t y H Py A a ge, Ths ver uy fe Ms . eat Y> Poti Polis | at 7 Mes bee eet: y By Wiehe RG i. a a i. Uniontown - he This coal, lying 250 to 505 feet above thé Pi ttebazen bed, is thin and unimportant everywhere in the county. In the vicinity of Uniontown, where it furnishes a small supply of house coal, it is 3 feet 2 inches thick, including 4 inches of clay in the center of the bed. It has been recorded in many shaft sections and drill holes, but is seldom thick enough for mining. Waynesburg Coal. © This bec is unimportant in the Uniontown- ConnelIsville district, and has been opened in only a few places. It is mined in Dunbar township, where its maximum thickness’‘is 3 feet 4 inches, A 3-inch bone binder, 13 inches from the bottom; cuts the bed into two benches, The coal is extremely high in ash, and rather high in sulphur. The Waynesburg coal has been mined more extensively in the river district, but it is not persistent. On Redstone Creek the bed is ° locally 10 feet thick but is composed of alternating bands of coal and clay, Where the bed is thinner the quality is better, and the coal is used-for domestic fuel, On Dunlap Creek the bed is very impure. In the vicinity of Heistersburg and Merrittstown it averages 5 feet thick, and occurs in Several benches, one of which is often clean‘enough.to be mined. On Wallace Run ‘the bed is 4 feet 5 inches thick, with a few inches of bone coal 12 inches from the roof. North of Masontown it ‘is split. by pater clay partings, iit is 7 feet 2 inches thick. * | Pe f x x ’ My 3 Waynesburg: NA" Coal,. This bed, lying about 60 feet above the Waynesburg coal, is thin but has good quality, It is almost entirely absent in: Pele Uniontown-Connellsville district. In the river tis- trict it has been opened far house fuel, It is 3 feet 6 inches thick in the Lambert. shaft section; on Midcle Ruri 4 feet 6 inches, and on Antrim Run 3 feet thick, The coal thins within a few feet. Washington Coal. The Washington coal is 2 feet 5 inches thick in Lambert. shaft, and 141 feet above the Waynesburg. It rarely is over 2 feet- thick. in the county, and has never been mined, | Several other beds lying above the Washington coal are too thin to be mined in Fayette. 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G0 ' * i ‘ ~ a ) ‘ ’ \ ; 4 . ’ * } = , ‘ ‘ a ea i t > : oF 1 / ‘ 7 , ‘ / iy | 4 i - 4 , ° os er) pe ; GENERALIZED SECTION OF COAL BEDS FAYETTE COUNTY Average Coal bed interval Average in eet thick Washington Washington Otten ‘ ; 2 Waynesburg "A" 110" ,s«s aymesburg Dig Uniontown 1'O" Monongehe la *. 375 ; Sewickley prey Fe OhL Redstone Pye Pittsburgh SLOr Wellersburg 1'O" Conemaugh 600 Hager OLS Parmington gM bye Upper Freeport 215" Lower Freeport oS ht Upper Kittanning .9N Alle gneny 275 Middle Kittanning ro" Lower Kittanning ptgu Brookville-Clarion DE Pottsville < Pottsville sandstone 125 180 + Marcer oe ol or - 13 - a 5 ‘ ae a. , » hia “TA ; ’ ‘ | Oe nanery ane: —y i Ee %, 3 i 0 4 ho ; 7 iS n i