or fp PSE 3468/4: fue 19 Bulletin No. 19 | 1p pleat | 2 ‘M: M. LEIGHTON Me Meee COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL AFPAIRS James F, Woodward, Secretary BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY George H, ashley, State Geologist PRODUCTION Of HE McKEESPORT GAS POOL. By J, French Robinson introduction, For many years Pennsylvania has been a large producer of natural gas. Allegheny County has produced considerable gas but not until djugust, 1919, did the McKeesport Gas Pool come into very great promi- nence, The McKcesport Gas Pool is located in Allegheny County near the city of Uae csoart. 15 miles southeast of Pittsburgh at the junction of the Youghiosheny River with the Mononsahela, The Bureau of Topographic and Geological Survey is receiving many inquiries relative to the production of this pool and therefore it has been deemed advisable to issue a bulletin giving the productior to date, A detailed study of the field has been made, and a histori- cal report will be published later, \ ‘ ‘ a’ 4 , . ¥! ts r % ‘ ‘ 5 7 4 a i , i , i , Macs 1 Aaiy ey A vi 5 é . 7 Ven , Ny al Al A ron ‘ ; ea, \ : mat Ps . > ‘ ‘ hi , , i ‘| eat \ ‘ ' , . ; ‘ ‘ vw i" v y a) au j J % ‘ - 1 an : \ ‘ . ia ‘ as - . he ‘ \ Fa ! ao 4 ‘ i : \! iy { * il - «bh Rea “F t Lk ‘ hi 1 ¢ wi . heer? , r \ ary . . ‘ a (enh + - j : Ave i ' au « Ay i t f j 7 i i f Hl wa of t i ? SPs ies i \ helped 7 oh oi i f i ‘ ‘ ; ee Lia ) nA 1 ’ i ic . ' \ fins . ' Fg eh Wir J i } - ¥ fy " ¥ { 1 tp a ‘ j i< *. t A Diy i ' ‘ X s “4 4 i, et ine 4 ’ ‘ } » , AEN s . : , \ nT | . i h k ' Tyee bPh aes Fa) MP ee ‘ tha E c L ’ ' ‘ ‘ i ‘ ' 2 { 4 wit ‘ ¥ ‘ - thy iy ‘ m ‘ i ey it ¥ 1 - * 7 f } “ie iy ’ ; ] ; Mss * . iy ek ky Petey hs , ’ y 4 A x i i R } i} is dy st ol y > i ‘ hy 4) Se | a nL ta a ae a @ whe } 7 ‘ Vat \, ro) pe as au? fy 0) vi at ota p 4 ns i r Ae la pas vay fe art eh yi ‘7 wy | , aL ae Virtey es! 1 eet Bid t- = i” A ‘ wk * ag a mM hg eae + 1) Me wea lee 1 a rl ‘ a | wed 7 ; iw Ais : t ‘ a ‘ a) \) \ i STRUCTURAL LOCATION The term "McKeesport Gas Pool" is very vague, but in. this reyvort it is considered to include all the territory on both flanks and top of the southwestern extension of the Murrys- ? ville anticline in Versailles township, enc portions of Portyue , Lineoln and Elizabeth townships, The intense crilling, however, has not spread over 500 eeres and has been in the neighborhood of Vorsailles, Snake Hollow, and Five Ficlés. Development has ¢ now extended in all directions, towards the Bellevernon anti- cline on the sovtheast, the Pin Hook snticline on the northwest, and for many miles in cither direction along the Murrysville anticline. DEVELOPMENT The Mexcesport Gas Pool became a commercial pool on ? August 29, 1919" when the "big gusher", (the Foster and Brendlce~ 5 NE fouls Hamilton #3 woLl , was turned into the Peoples Natural Gas Company's mains. This well wes “drillcé in®™ on August 23, 1919, Vory little time was lost and very little gas wasted in getting the wolls connected to a distributing company's lincs as scvceral such pipc lines passed through or nearby the pool, Most of the wells in the Me¥cesport pool obtained their gas from the Speechley sand, although some obtaincd © gooc supply of gas trom the Murrysville, some from the One Hundred Poot and some from the Elizabeth sands. The Sneechiey sand lies about 3270 fect below the Pittsburgh coal and has an average thickness { 09 t “ ‘ - , ” / f Viren ‘ ie iy Pa sea ‘ 4 : } “r ay wh, re eo ana eM at Sys ahs i a mage if wey int ARs iad) 7 ay ak ¥ seh hee Shee ‘ } be Vy : s 4 pile Saye a Bi bo ¥ : Ww - ‘ n . " tat ee aa Ky 9 os aa Be u mea ¢ pl ¢ f Pp . ie Ae 7 * rt " j ‘ ee Se Ot Dae Bi) AR f AI 4 { yng oahw A siala cal ee t ie a MN} Se DEO mk Sa RL Py X : ore ; ; f Aen rge india ee Oe ee, DS nie nh ak" ORE + the A ae A ia ie hai Be ME AO RNR TMA ae ae a ae YE. CEOS . i ‘ y - P 1 , ‘ eran 6 PE WD ants Tee des biny Dirticealigiiah ah - atte, “2 / i baat Tomy heels f. i< # 9%) ell SWOT Rae ‘ es 5 5 ‘ 4 RY Att oatchti wis fia | ead bce ale aia ate ak ae Oe - Wig ba My i it mba fh ; 4a o % en } er , t ‘ | ml ” " on et ‘ / Ro eyed x Vr feat ‘ f, VA i ae eS Big ne MALL " im i Re PLaR bf { : Ua « »y . ‘ i its j * : Se , f f pe Tae pias > th DOM ep avy r i ; seule . RT Canad eit MON et ry yoy tbe SY - ‘ e . ; i 4 Z by, : . « ; by ext re 4 » WT tg We te] and get ge alt ‘ ws ; ‘ A 1 4 > HR aN P Pier ata \ ’ % 7 ’ Das reer eae wh ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘aa ‘ * yay, . * a m+ ¥ ie F t At aes ea ak SO iw ee Sh OP Ae aa ; * ‘ 3 ¥ . 7 ‘ - *. ‘ ~ & Py ' “a Ul f i 6 ee wan dies WL 4 ‘ ' j i ose , ¢ , - + new yy Py { TF 4, ~ Ae Poy Vaan * i } a ) Bete WAN y Fae, Piet ANC WES} a te 2 ‘ ; he y ye ‘ P a ee 2 + ns i “ee i, x mT , , i) haa ee, Oh} COU a pice aes ‘) 4 1 ba Tuy its Sah Ss eee EAR OT pirse ee ae eh at ee ier ' try r rea, Ary Lug Ve ity | aor See Teh bea at - $ orm: rae ue” « 7 ti f 5 " : ‘ v# r « - M “Me i veo f , 4 DP li AS % : ; ; y ie wh, ee * Fe ale VOR MRA ae weeb oor a ‘ * ‘ J ’ 4 ) Ld i we : ae ype: fy degs Bios sind: yan a / ae re ‘ | ewe ee eee uy ? i “wt hak Aa, ‘ ee me eh AS é So BEA in A d- vlitge vn eet i re i Pee? tats a 5 \ ‘ Hr J AM ’ ba aie The say ‘ : 3 \ 4 . Ae ‘ nag - i “ u ‘ ' 4 Pines pia ele AE tee ies by ue, wow ie wid dS , a : ‘ ' ' : . ; f np 8 , a i d ? f es ie f s } J eS ae ae » Ha hy ai Ra TAB ee de Sw wi a rae Nee ht Wetted aA Hat peat . ay . ' a ed A Ge 18 tak he, ye Ce ee Rene tad rien a ; ren mn We : ie BONS I CO EA lane ih ame ea as se cae Vind ea x dexy: ne sser * ; ’ ' my * a Fae be 5 r PP Realy te r ae rr Py vals 4 : ‘ . d Cee, 1 Re een diy ig Ey AWS S, ti i \ oe my tt bs Bah oe ity Ng is i nd) the peneep ye of 50 Leet; the Blizabeth sand died ee hae hance Aeon eat has an -verase thickness of 20 feet; the One Wundred Poot sand is 1955 feet below the coal and has an average thiekness of 80 feet; the Murrysville sand lies 1850 feet below the coal. and hes @e thickness of 90 feet, iiost of the wells in the Mekeesport pool sterted érill- ing 2 few hundreé feet below the Pittsburgh cool horizon, de pend- ing upon whnether they were located on the hills or in the vellevs,. Several wells have been drilled to the Bradford sand but no gas was obtained, PRODUCTION The daily production, total nroduction, nuxnber of pro- cucing and cry wells, “closed-in" pressure, and average pipe line pressure are shown graphically on the acconmanying chart. . The daily and total production of the Poster ana Brend le-Yamilton #O well is also shown on this chart. To those not familiar with the use of graphic charts the following explanation will be helpful: from the attached chart one can observe the daily production for any dey desired trom August £9, 1919, to December 31, 1920, For example, November 10, 1919, gives the peak or "big day” produetion for the pool, namely 71,530,000 cubic feet of gas. Just above the daily »roduction curve is shown the graph of the number of oro- dueing wells. On that aay the number was five, The average daily production ner well at this time was 14,306,000 cubic feet of gas. On the total production curve at November 10 is given - 3-« ‘ id ‘" nr’y e .4 , 4 : vv , ‘ @ A% * T Q * w ' Q ; - ny in! t eitih ‘. 4 os S ! oy MUD. Ata. 4 i ri ' igh og ae * im ¥ r bu ue ty { r te Pe a ee ae se iu: ie he ie’ a 4 ie fag) ie, Kear OE, wil ts fd: ‘akton i £1 er lyrte trary hth |e Lee Sei wk tee Ia i hd i co eet PS tae: bibis’'s wt <5 ED Oat, AY eee, re , oth J - wis way 1 ae ‘ “ | m0 itoaris 5 antaia te ide wing A the emount of gas the fielé has produced to that time, nomely 3,725,939 000 cubic feet. The pressure curves for the seme da ‘te Show the “closed in” pressure to be 900 pounds per sevare inch, anc the average line pressure to be 250 wounds ver square inch. The daily production of the "big" well can be read in the same manner 2s the daily production of the ficld and is 42,772,000 eubic feet; its total production to November 10, 1919 wes 5,336 ,423,000 cubic feet of gas. In like manner the behavior Of the whole field can be had for any day during the sixteen producing months. | On May 1, 1920, the daily production from 90 wells , was 32,900,G00 cubic teet of gas, and the total production to > that cate was 12,792 “100,000 cubic feet with 119 dry wells in the field. The "closed in” pressure was 130 pounds per square inch while the average line pressure was about 25 pounds, The daily production of the Foster 2nd Brendle-Hemilton #3 well was nothing, as the well was being cleaned out. Total production 4 - of this well to May lst was 5,708,137,000 cubic feet. Hence tO May 1 the "big" well produced 44,6% of all gas produced from the pool, As one observes the chart closely it can be seen that e« well or group of wells being tumed in has a noticeable effect on the rise and fall of the daily production curve, The pro- duction from November, 1919, remained more or less constant, declining slightly until February 1, 1920. At that time twenty- eight wells were producing instead of five as on November 10, 191$. The daily production on February 1, 1920 was 64,000,000 Cg hes ha ri pera ie ‘Toys! ear ee } \ CST ¥ hie 4 ’ > ; ¥ hss ae a ot Nh ent) te TA aeaasedas Vere 4 ' “ Shien, wh a SARE Oo RE GR ID Se eae vi) £ ret One, ‘ie oy “ ' i? i + Pe oe re ee SOME pT aoe: tak we itor at , " ‘ z Wo ” J j ' 7, unty : ‘ ‘ ‘ ¢ \ ‘ / 4 f . * ¥ ‘ ‘ An . (he val A Gee ~ a z + Cc cheng "Se uaa Rp A |: arch + yys ; . ‘ tit ie ve b Wa 4 i vk a : ’ ety di ABs re. K, vt i P 2): em chai ae j ' f BRK artist ea Wns ve ies ‘yas 7 "Pe a) ” y ni | iy : y) i, a Ay “¥ ae } - tae oe j Robe Ne apy fi Es ead ly Le nt LA A ee eR s a i) CD OD . Met , ‘ | Lg wen hy 4, fr Aye : * § “. a A > i eae a ‘ ; Cas ae rata % ate h + , | 7 Py \ ty 'y ‘ | ‘ 1 ey i S Sa Ks hs iy’ i +} ia Crp > ' i 0. j : i iar ( *g } f ‘ yea easy ay ag We RE LOTR) eae \ i ‘o oP ” med & mi ° : ie AY i “io om By ies Ca i's ' aie } « et ae eae eons 7 ¥ inet de us * } j i t 4 4 Rie 7 1 i Wet , \ se b thd j f 4 ( ry tf Hs j : (he bs ue aN 3 : a b j g Aa } - ey . Df : 4th ad: ere 7 K Y ; , 7 ‘ 4 ni ae ia Pe ee | ay R tN Ca AE RA ae 2 ee “ ( + , 7 i a Nie if aoe AA omy Py tee D8 kd. ods shiek let dst n Wneade” eek Ube ; f i. (ata ype Tk eh, de WAP) sf ae we ie | te bs Ot biks ro very a 4 es ; 4 ‘ Vee Nie : ¥ Ry oo Me : ‘ * d gk Seti ay aed Mand 1 Rey 7 ati y 19 re ay ee. py ee ale ee + s 4 j ho, an sh aN athe Tote gseil bh) hh sy ‘ } ‘ 4 ri a! \ ‘ ty 4 ap), 5 Feet Boat) 4 2 SL Rge Betis PAY ta - a (ARCO OR: io i Saints aati! 1 Sint agate | ke ETO: a bias nor, ES bunt an: “san i i » * i 7 Phe ayy : oi Z Ah he a1 aN gf inane me eee f ay , r ie ee? ae in Y aah tp Mee | * vi - SS ! i i F ny fl . Pe AR Bee, ‘ J y) i ia sya! 7 . eye 4 } ( 4 if { : - ‘ ) } i cubic feet of gas or an average of 2,400,000 cubic feet per well. Dne total yiele of gas from the pool to Pebruary 1, \ls20 was 9,009, 300,000 ewdic feet. From February 1 to June 1 the decline in production was very ncticeable even thouch the number of con- nleted wells was inereasing paid ea The daily prodvetion on way OL, from 117 wells was 19,400,000 cubic feet of gas or 170,000 cubic fect por well, There were 294 wells completec to the sveechley sand in the MeXcesnort gas pool to May 31, 1920, one hundreé. anc seventy-seven (177) of this number f2iling to »roduce paying quantities of gas. From the period May first to Fifteenth, fiity-four wells were completed to the ane sand, and of 1.4 onis number fourteen producec g25s, August 29, 1920 was the first birthday of the MeNeestort 82S pool. On that day there were 167 nrodue ing wells, ane a totr1 of 528 knowm wells completcd to the Sycechicy sand, The deily production from the 167 wells was 17,000,000 eubic fcet or an average of. 101,800 cubic fect for cach procucing well. The nool weoeistered durine the first yedr 15, 255,100,000 ewdic feet of eas, fostcr § Rrendle=Hamilton 3-3 well produced the first year py7203521,000 cubio Zeét of gas or'a Little morc than’ one .third of the total production. On September. 30, 1920). one hunéreé and eishty-five (165) wells were producine 12,600 ,000 cubic feet of gas ver day or 7000 cubic feet per well. The total proauction to this time Was (15,7567100,000, cubic fect. of igas. (To this. date 382 weils have ~ been recorded as dry or having ceased to produce gas, Of the Oricinal producers 53 welis hac been exhansted, About 400 wells i )) { 4, . ar 4 ’ i | ae oy, . ‘Chak ca Heats Se SOR RE OS aa: eA dc ( é ) Mae g ‘i 1 ‘ ; | : uw 1 Uhm» iy K Ate a ‘ f bad Waly \yhide te ee PaRAE e e ir eonspee ma te eee MATES RON hh i. ' Moses ‘ , “3 4G g j ) _ Wy rl + Ye d , ‘ ; me, ; a i we pate ph ree. i m PS mee te Bho aR | ea et rire were ’ Bak, Tihs t eae uae | Fy i ar ek es, ae * tyes Wa A ‘ C2) ia ‘ ‘ ‘ ay hy eee se ‘ bd . : ‘ oe Ml ‘t bak) ae 1 if ae ae) ¥ “ 7 cg Waa > bb has OWL ar ii a: i he Fay xi : aby. cae aN, P ‘ ~ ‘ “> ‘Ot l ha | 4 . was f Mt 4 , r *e i . " je + R Se) etl Raat T fa Oe r rysy’ cme a gellar Ne a ht ae ; f ‘ bik * Ah é f “ ; ct eRe Wee Reomep een em ei ji ngee a i ag ee bo eee | EE ae oeen) yeaes ae gaan BM nh ‘Ape, a Rrgts ne any are eS i a t ” oy re vot $ebckile » ) | A. Dar nee OF fe en nt eal dees on ¢ ait; ' ‘ ' _ dep " fied tas Be et ‘ Co er aes rn ‘ up . iy 2, (tang Own eer rr Trane Na Ot hin pet | A Nese NP TW ils Ves te hs Soa ROAR UU ee ee Py ee . ‘ Ri! ee Caen | ? * 4 4 \ | f a is Ie . P| - ~ » i } “ . xi'¥ i Car. ims eres wi. t : bay f % t \ ! , \ ' i ’ ‘ ‘ | . f r ‘ os | ot wk iy Pe 5 ‘ eee ae pd val a r + ! s ties : ; \ rr 5 9, " a) , \ . / Mya hee Ie ‘ 4 if ? , 4 : a ‘ts ab 88 beat 4 Waré €lther ariidine, SN ee ¢ Llocstions ebvantoned, All‘in ali, this mekes in the neighborhood of 1,000 wells for the Ifc- ree sport Gas Pool, On Yoverer BO aay Ov ae Pe a cn nineteen (419) welis had been oluecvec. and one hundrec and seventy- Seven (177) wells were ororucing 9,618,000 cubic feet of gas a Gay with = total production to thet date of 16,444,444 ,000 eubic feet of gas. On this same date. the Toster and Rrendle-Hemilton fo well was producing 354,000 cubic feet of gas daily with 2 total ‘ a production of 5,725,771,000 cubic feet. This well has produeec $4.8% of all the pas »rocucec in the pool. At the close of the year 1920 there were 180 wells still producine ges in the pool with 441 wella ary. Tne’ procuc- tion ror the month of Jecember was 293,211,000 cubic feet or an averaze of 9,460,000 cubic feet daily, te tote production Prom the vool to Deeember 31, 1920 was 16,737 ,650,000 crbic- feet, 7 poe) Big Wwele bas “‘procuced 5,724,638,000 cubie feet or 34.1% of uae Bi th total. It may be of interest to commare this curve with the statement made’ by the State Ccologist in his press bulletin of Mecember 29, 1919, “If this recuetion (of rock pressure) eon- banuies,; and the numbor of wells now boinc’ drilled would seem to Syisure its’ continuance, it ean rozcily bo calculetce how long the pressure will ‘be sufficient to drive the gas into the pipe line. Inceed were that recuc tion un continue to the end, it would ; mucicave the total life .of the -ficld to be nine months. As 2 matter of fact, as the output of the field decreases with the deerease of »ressure, the curve of production tends to flatton id Ap % he I “,! £ ‘ sy ‘ A een es img | OE ig ts fi 3 Roe The Ae eer we rf a oe, by i Veh Be ain I iy J Pn | Pe Ae i eae Moog AN a eed eR Wee ea ] bi! Va 7 CP iis ‘ ai kN ead nn ®t , ae = + ny Jane are ; hn A ON ; is y sees Sai, ‘ ‘ ie : }! N ‘ ‘ : at SAP PA APs: om) un f \ A DIP) eevee ny, yar i 4 rey > | Very SAL { Ne ih in dt ia “al ( Mh rat 1 | % At ity ties eee Ce feet! ee Bad r, eA PU i a ape SOE A Aca Oe 2 On kas ’ ; ‘ \ { j an a ; Say a bath ‘ he cashew yaa © mia ee ay ib ek ’ ; PRR ANU f7Le hic : RP Ae “ : ' \ af) er Syd be Des we oe ree’. 3 oar « . ‘ ie wr ‘ 4 ‘ ¥ Me 7 j ‘ ‘ Phares CR oy ret BEES Sedat PS a © Ret ORT IR Raat | ee ] ; i , a a a j i : ‘ he | He Va vie i f ki ; Ah ru) A more as wh 4 Neate ‘ a y it oy) Camel ‘ nen n ’ RY ' i var | f tog A MG an ft py (y ‘ i aad a tty’ Yt) ae ee ae i 9 vy 7 cf ¥. Pye PA We ek BAM a ak ANY EN 2 aN oR aths 4 rk Me \ ae Tat tal tte, ey any ? . yj 7 oh sy ay i, Wiocaaeiin Cer el bic Par yaa Sei Aes i ‘ nye, \ \ ’ ha i. \ ' \ rt RAY a Ae a Mee " eres wligs LARA heyy ake SN 8, An re ; Vimar \ 4\ ke } ft ‘ ' pS! i Fy at , a! \ f , , PY a ‘ (t i ett | ; h Vinge A oy £15 a " fe oe ’ 7 ue , \ ’ ? (ite feet} re eat , yee bi ih} > i ty ik Tie ee, wy AO AS USES NaN Ls RAG ee DOT 8 are” CA ( f ‘ iv un ret hie 0 i | =! ’ H i a hens rat 4 7 ae te, t } + P * ; ‘ a] 4 ’ q \ * ee Ma d mt po a ' + Of fi OLA, Oi io ig id ~ l= i rx ' ¢ aT * ‘ Rican Say ie i aN ee a, Pris) y atte Sy , af} hy » 4 ae jh : P : he ry! ane erat age a | rt Ae eS Wes at Ay ae Ad 1 V5 ADIN AMER Uen PY Miss th ap ewe ANS SE Oa peal eM } ef a Ay) ; 5 | ; * . >t oe Te ane / iy } ) SC : ‘ i ae ( ‘ Giallo) a "> i ' ‘ j ro ‘ f 4 ‘*, ik his | Wy ; Paste { ( at an (ugh a " } f Pie , hy ae eae ily : ; ee f 5 ‘ : ‘ ; ‘ eth ; (ts nt 5 y i { << a is dali pe j ; . rf ’ p, i i Y bi ran eye irk y Ar than ng eam sk d mi ae ay > . ye ae Vilch oh ve! Ral De as, 9: a. ard “e nat . s / ‘ } s a ve i 7 hy i . ? me } , ; ta eu j : i i ‘ t , . u Ki ' oe Jt me P A; Ole rear ey, 1)! pt ai de BALA TL er ft A dit a " b oaks Mata ety POND MAL SON BABI Hn 0 SSE AD YE A a hei jet ; ER eva " . . . ENED a OS ae ‘ a +t ipa * : i tv ok pare ‘ a | ry) his yi hee ; Pat Hee He Rainy fee RO, MO Cee Daa ne & m aes it i pe le slit Pi f } : / ' : ‘ ’ v*) bt tae Ay . J ey fi 4 . i é ¥ i z ‘ : é Vi Y i / ‘PApPerD t : A PCN ae 4 , yey oa at i) ji: “ # EF ge hee! ied ae At Toa ; ; f od ig vi ee hos 4 is eee an } Ds) 1% co) if ‘ Re iY vast . Pv muy Up Sala) Melita: Ce 2: A Me i ci ‘as : ve i :. Wit 4} ‘“gupee BE NS Str et inl hes caer uh | Pi : , WN bey i We Rye , i a he uj ry ibe oe f 4 i Sen is We) 4 wh ; ag i/\ ai ti i ie bia ; 4 ai te 5 ; ie, = ffi5 A } i di fy ehh . f oo Md es a ee gi Are Wigs ie ape ) ei i ‘Or ay % a } ‘ 1 ae fis : rid ’ q weg : m at a LAL awAy ti’ pth pil ri } ; y re 4 a "big out, particularly after the installation of the pumps, $0 that it may be between one and two years and possibly a little longer before the field is abandoned," In the later more detailec report, dated January 12, 1920, the State Geologist said, "It is estimatec that the Long Run Pool (Mekeesport Pool) did not contain at the beginning over 15 to 20 billion cubic yveet of gas." In 1906, Pemsylvania reachec its maximum yearly production ot netural gas which was 138 billion oub ic feet. In 1918 the yearly production was 123 billion cubic feet. West Virginia's maximum yearly prouuetion of natural gas was zeachec in 1617 and was 308 billion cubic feet, which cdeclinedc curing the year 1913 to 265 billion cubic feet, The MeXeesport Gas rool in the year from August ,29, 1919, to Ausust 29, 1920, wroduced 15,255,100,000 cubic feet of gas or 11% as much gas as the big yeer for Pennsyl- vania and nearly 5% as much gas as West Virginia produced eae hm By ge The de@line in pressure +f "closed in" wells and in pipe line »ressvres is ag follows: (Pounds per souare inch) ns bee wa SH ARO NR Oh ae ie Oita Rd ie ik, 3 ei ies ye) “nai RG hy war PSH pie Sy ene Ie A Neenasney ait 7 ae We ait nti “ he ‘a ; f Be Beit ‘Wisma athe oe iy is. wn ‘aot ef ee a + dur NY , “ee | caseeees i 6 HB mn i ae 9! 2 ee } DRTC. ae: ORE Spon: Sa ity ene a -_* SE, ORT: TC aa oad aed “ath ee, Pay tae alan . RO. Soren Oe Ne Lae SORE IRR thous! ¥ | EMD siguihc eased iahitaclt oi arora ik ee o3 ; i bin) Pov MN SR ona Ug Ane hd Rin ty dade ee Hed ce aa - ety sa le \ eS ht eg th i» tie > , obdan BORE ELE INE naw okie Ging y Reet roe PM on 40 . “ Ayn a Yee Ae a aah WV ay big rf ue me ere ." BA f ‘ae 4 ; eT fy rir Pop EES) ‘ei es ad ath) eh a) ieee? 4 rs aay. PAYS wT “e fa Lama unt Hid pa ay aliiath ia. Sd dey le | ne vie ae ~~ e > ps ~ = ¥ te LS 4 — “~e. > = ‘ é > si z 4 ¢ Sry f bi Ff ¢? i) yy Wit} im i Od | % A REY 1 Sy ae le az eh yah & mah, Ho % 7 * , EEE RE ae ay eG at My boot sei “Pro wien att: ; m een iis { dey a Yahi ie Lh BME ih hs ae os A rE 6) ety aig nee (Ober ‘ ik oe: iol) i . i & 7) Phies Y ph POT Ri at RR ED Gath eon, owt uf Bi at “ee Bae ae: ” Oi Ooty. AFORE Ce ae Bie: cyan oy 0s ct yhtean ag 4 . i id " { j £ mu | . peas Nor, ree Way val ay f 4 Ms a uy " Be nt ue ; < i : Abie hie © vig) ’ Ay Fe | sig | ven ; uae CO tr eu 8 Sudan Lyte emuelay ae Aedes ihe OC me AP teres hy, de j le r NN id bine ry ih | } C ‘ : 7a ea orks we } wrt waste, hay Sie Ma Bhi { . A} r Lin ey ae H ‘ i i ? R’ wy dy D a ; ji ‘ ‘ 7 e é Apt is i f at mi vais 5) ceaw Sindee) Cae tiray a, Average \Jell Pressures and Line Pressures ~ McKeesport Gas Pool. Date Roens o£ . Lee Bcotenber 50 1919 Doboper 31; 1919 Woverbewr becermber 30; vi, January S31, Pebruary: 29 , Maron Bl : 1920 April 30, 1920 May 31, 1920 gune 350; 1920 aL LoZO are USt 31, : ‘eotember 30, ni Juli Vv Recher oe November 30; 1920 December Bi Coe The followiig table gives a G20 "ell Pressure ay Las 1400 aan 950 740 955 320 244 85 1353 105 90 80 60 50 40 20 10 of the pool from time to time, Producing Welis Date 8-31-19 9-50-19 10-31-19 11-50-15 12-51-19 1-31-20 2-29-20 5-51-20 | ~ 4-30-20 H-9°1-20 6~ 30-20 T~51-20 6-51-20 9-50-20 10-51-20 11-30-20 12-51-20 ( summarized hak tyre Froauction 50 71 26° O12 432 A000: Data - MeYeesport Gas Pool Re por tec ) ~ OL “000/000 - 500-000: 142 890 :000 157,042 ;000° ;54e poe.) B12: ,;OC0 , O00 “000 612; 624 000 734. : 814 ; 565 oy “O00 ; O00 841.925 -000 be 879 8&6; 586: 000 “000 879 $36,000 880-936-000 681,000 , 000 per sq. Lis Sood Dead 8 . Dine Pressure tT UB. er So ein, Inches vecuum HOQOFr®d © oF Oo idea ¥ Procuction 2s or date ey br a % Initial wLoeUO O00 62.4 54.919 000 88 .4 65 ;244 ;000 91.2 70 ; 564 , O00 49.2 64 ;525 ;000 41,0 64 -500:000 B44 46 ; 200 ;000 14.7 45 ,290-000 205 6 she 5700 - O00 4.7 ;400 ; 000 Bek BH 500.000 ALY 18,000 ; 000 fa a 16 ;000 ; OCO 1.8 Le 6007000 Lit 11;600;000 AEN Ke 9-618. “O00 eke | §,190,000 Thee of the 040 300 260 pee 182 139 102 63 Zo 14 LO LO to Vacuum 4" Vacuum Ww W behavior Averace dailv Produc tLion cer well 31-200 :000 27 ;460 ; 00° Lee OU 8 ; 800; 000 Sree US Rae Ree PRESSURE AND FLOW. Phe rock pressure and the onen flow are the two common factors in determinin: the cenacity of ges wells. The term ‘roe’ pressure" is usec to cesienate the pressure under which the cas occurs in the sand. It is measuread in »ounds per scuare inch by means of a gauge attachec to the well enc read when the »ressrre has attained a maximum after the well has been closed for 48 hours Or longer, The “open flow" of the well is the volume of sas de- livereé against atmospheric pressure in a given length of time. It is ceterminea by mea surin? the pressure or velocity of. the gas, from which the Saline may be conmputed. The volume of gas celivered by @ well under a given ‘onen flow" pressure cenends nartlr on eacn or three factors: the Ciameter of the casing, the depth of well, and the porosity ond thic:mess of the sand Since in the McKeesport pool the size of Casing and depth of the vells were nearly all the same the difxerence in the flow of neighboring wells mey be ascribed to aifiference in porosity of the sands from which ther draw their Supply, -The rock pressure, on the other hance, is not arrected by minor variations in the porosity of the sand, and the whole body of gas in a pool of mo-erate size is theoretically under about the same rock pressure. If two neighboring gas wells, one producing a large volume anc the other a small volume of ges are closec, the rock pressure registerec by both will be about the game, but the larvzer well will register this pressure almost immeciately, whereas the smaller one may remain closec for Some time before its >»ressure i oO t se Phe ae 7 ~ eyeiy ' Le re wl vue ¥ i ry i ~ han i aad WEEE \ 4h Ln Aa ee 7 t i sie f a, Te * ‘ :, Be) wire aM ‘ - 4 , p ulin ere } ia) TAIN ANE! Asie nave, h- ; , f we ARN hie. 9 ads me tae iwi’ dae I aha Sy et ie a died ae oe ‘ 4 : } oy is N ; mt 4 f a ca oul) ® + es a ns | ~ iJ ms bak & ed COM Sa ie val «(Oe pm * a . 1 ) ' ; ; Feats mn 8 ; mt ' i ; uy ‘ , { ‘ ay ears | { ‘ he a Aas ne Pal yan } , Ve wrx ’ yf my , eee ee t At + + am nA / , i si ‘ vi ‘ . i ; , ; wala i aay 7 hh 4 ; : , wae were 4 J hha Fe 4 j s ‘ 1 rae ‘ AYne ~ 7 " ' fii i ~. , k ¥ we i, i; ' \ ine ae he 21k od . % v i Pi * ” 6 ) ; i } ‘ ‘ ath ‘ i ae At ran ¥ 4 x y ; 4 = ’ a eat Fea Dee i a Att Ve - ‘ y ba ole f x * Puls bri e af nl va ae 3 el, See t¢ i ne ay Lake cae Pas bes \ We bh hg ie seid il odhd i Sh h fat Ao yay beak mi M5 dade v rh el if At) if ’ 2 ksh Same el AS a efron Carers uy ME ea Beds Fre oe en ae hm 2) IN EER ay Ui (HQ ey fee , Sheet ial ps : i ys 2 ime ote ei y Sats tt wks + ‘ a ee ‘ a ie wane me . ‘ , i rm apa a e) ' , 9 { a fi } f , et id ; ¥ TN DaPeENN © ete ome a ys f VLAG ls Ut Gey: er ere LU giy Lae Lae) » % s A jot ) Ns | he ome ae “eh cu ‘ ) { ; Rae ks | wat Meant. | a i el Yel ae i! as Fated ey ) i CLL Uap ureg tal’ Fi ‘ ‘ ' or 4 Pa 4 ‘ith 0 Ml | ; ; , 7 ; Dlink MiNi tte ot ition ee ster ; “ae 4 an } mt H Pes Pe hhh ee AT i ee he 4) dee BE praca gee! Seety ur AR ' a. F a ery? tied Wea, vt a s ee | ; 4 Nt et r p f if Heaney ) ES ee th os Was ee ges he i , aL , J ys ; 4 . ra tt : 4 Tor, i » \ +. : 7 Oy Wi, Bone 2 ‘ ba] bod , Taye age - : f : > \ iT 4 A a ti my oF 7 . . ena f ps ee A a SL Hy Beye pate fig Stage ie GAT) ae a a ‘ : ial* * eid , ai Py aoe it Dey 4 rf take Mh ra? ; , 7] hits eR OA Te ee eRe tT i. Oe LAs 1st Sih tel reaches the same figure. haut ore, a high rock pressure does not necessarily mean a high flow, but on the other hand 2 high flow is usually cecomanied by a high rock pressure, and the open flovy and pressure decline at sbout the sare rate. The flow of a well is greatly influenced by local cons ditions, such as the porosity of the sand, thickness, ete., bu% the pressure decline in a smll pool is a very accurate index of the stage of exhaustion of its reservoir of gas. EPFECT OF PUMPS ON PRODUCTION About June 12, 1920 the Peoples Natural Gas Company bergan operating their pump station on the Mekeesyort Gas Fool, BY means of the pumps the pressure at the wells was lowered and lowered until at tne present time the pumps heve reachec on eleven inch vacuum. The pumps did not increase the daily pro- duction noticeably but did check the decrease and since then the decline has been very slow anc gradual. (See production curve) The Manufacturers fight and Heat Company put their pumps into operation on September 15, 1920, at which time a little increase in daily production was recordec but the prodvuc-~ tion is still on its downward course. They are operating on about an eight inch vacuum. It must be remembered that with the pumps operating, the volume of gas produced from time to time is a poor index 2s to the actual life of the pool. Notice the curve for thé past three months - the debline in production is very small, but on the other hand the effect of the pumps have created a vacuum from about zero to eleven inches. No doubt the production will ty ta ane 7 fi i wre PUNY at MUAH " LK Peart yoy wl Wie (eng wiih ‘iy KY WM vie mth ( Wtin Mit AN { an AM ale y } rT A J] | MDT hat tae ey ‘) + f , , 4 \ Mi 4 hah i Wit hal i! ; ° ; Lh * t : Wi : ry oh Wy t\. el me mi ie) i ‘ ne ee 1 f h i i ‘ Hy i | | \ \ We vw iV 4 dls! Day jy AY 1h * ; ) ype) ‘ k 1 yey N . , ihe i ik wy Me, vane 8 ‘) . N 7 | if u Me iY ’ mI iy ais i L i ' J \] \ AS ALR IS A e NS ARO yt Wh ‘ : hs Wee ve Wd ; tal) } ' wanes v PHA) { y ) y ey Pat y he ARE PW ty it Be AYN Va Wii Mae ff ae ARON, 4 HARP SB SRE a ah gee Wi if d , i ii My ¥ | ) | { aia My i re Mi ” itn EN Wi a } ) \ : NaN Yi \ishi r {diet ‘a yj) \ f " ey Wea Ns YY ai / iy DAG ne \ \ mr hay ! Wii h id yl ys 0 4 Wats, f / Hf / Y Mi oh MONG be AW) CHE Ps ER Gye a net HbAS 5 i ] 1 Att TANG ie NRA Ct \ ene Ree AS Ny iB Noa ay * yi ; 1 | ity a ) ny 4 x Wt ay © : viv { i i , Nah fee | f Nay ayia Hi h HAYA AD Ane) Me ed aA VA aad { > ale wt A iH hada es DV a5 j \\ ; Hi) Keay im i \ ' ' \ y ¥ 4 Ls ' \ » i i \ i } 3 : 4 ‘ Vay eT | uh | Ohad MRA emt nn ‘ a) | pts | ! f ‘ ~ RH) A Nay el) 1 SARE RAD RL AA FIV, A \ Ae ef ‘ ON Wert \\ Hi) fony ‘ 1 * ’ 4 | \ \ t ’ ; { » \ ery H | | hs i ” ; » ‘ y ‘ ' 6 - } y 4 : | \ ¢ 4} Mo ! j * P ts ; {y 4 wily ‘i WW | ; ti : f ; f i i : I { } Mid ia 6 Ae i j } i iy HTN oe Wy \/ 1 AL ' ; ' rn , | ‘ i sf ' 4 A n ‘ Ae \ , \ 4 Wi: ( ' ; Ff " i Cd i i | \ ii y bi ; Pet ; .) / i rane i ial me h Vd i f 4 : 7 ‘ i f 4 ) up i ‘| Fy ’ | { | ‘ 4 if >! K ¥ \ wi tly Ara " + , j | ih) f Wy " 4 y i aya, } 4" Hi a Wy ; ' ( ‘agi « ' } ' j ; | " A’ | ; - Y | ; Wks i fy ‘ { { } - ; VA \ uma 5 y } iY, i { i y < \ lan ety | ( Aa AVAL Oe awe ante M be a TAN MO Na gh da Pi a hid { i : ? 7 1 i nA) \ j { Why } i f / { 1 y 7 - { : ; iM { { iy Bie ; ' MM, eee » ! 4 ‘ ky i vy aT) C2 #} 4y Wiha} m I fi ¥ Pei fe f ae i ih en nt ) uy Pini yA) - i" ib: \ ; \ ry aN Veg \ ) ; h an 16 Kats become auy | WAN Yih ha bing ald { ji - WP ada baa A Joe : ¢ y , vt be ay Hah remain more or less constant cs the vacuum is increased, but of course this cannot go on indefinitely. The writer estimates that the commercial life of the pool will enc about June 1, 1921, and the totel procuction of gas Will be 18,000,0%0,000 cubic feet. The tcetal production of the Foster and-Brendle-Hamilton ;:3 well will be about 5,730,000, 000 Cusic £t. ("Big™ well: will have produced 31.8% of all the gas.) Using these figures the »ercentage of exhaustion of the well and percentage of cenvletion of the pool follows: Percentege of Exhaustion at End of Hach Month. Foster & Brendle- Pool Homilton 3 Vell 3 days of August & Sentember 1919 24..77¢% 8. October ep aon iS, November hd ake) 28,3 cty. BE oy 2940 January 1920 $6.04 5O%*~.0 Tebz i ey 9375 bo .7 Merch 99,54 65.3 April 99.62 “1. Mav 99.73 pepe June 90.77 v8.6 July 99.80 ROG August 99.83 55.2 Sentenber 9° .86 a Re. October 99,88 oo 7 November 99.89 91,4 pecember $9.90 ora Again, the average flow from the Foster and Brendle~ ny SA ree py coke Hee + I ton "5 well for the firat month was 24% of the initial : flow of the first day of that month, while the flow for the pool was 24.3% for the same time. In 4 comparison of the rogistered flow of the Poster and Rrendle-Hemilton #3 well for each month with the first month (September 1919) as well as that of the total - ll « t ai hy, f At 4 a , ) ’ yd ", 4 ay PI eal a, Ate} rN H L's 7 ’ f ry te { Mita") | | ik Be ATR WG Riv. a nh wis ‘aah Kea Wal) SS = Mi HH a i ir P US ‘ Pe ) i? " & . Ninh } ban ; \ i Ww * » x hye oe f j : (J ee pe 8) oe * By bon Biel \ » a4 ea) adi - ws , \ : al! : Kay Aya Yt atva key Nays \ th \¥y pesviel ahs WS aa oN ey Mi vy xy N ANE at eat ates Je ; 4 NM Gh wh lat * a NY hy! aN, We Ja 4 A \ ; i i i y RIALS aa “ i } ye hae ri ‘ ’ ‘ \ yon i SAME ey ae AWA S iy ‘ y 4\ ' : » at 1 *» M4 \ ‘ huh iy * Ve WF ; Wy j i ; RH ee Tory cs Ae ee AIC SN ha ial tly Ail Ath é, } " Ui) tt | j i ‘ i hak ta MM } j ‘ j ti ; } at Say Na EN aA bid She whee (Walt ahitt ha or ; ly miwie y ke Baa ies rt a / tl WY A) OP Vet ha ivi Ki} nee Ma. ‘eh hs) 4 9 4 } M " Ve fh Ni ; : we Re Ctra ane IE a me Nab hee AU Oy Petal wit 4 hy , ( Nyt elt f y © i Ab inl As u Adin) y i As i ; A ee ED : i rr) peas J Y he \ ‘ \ ae } \ h ‘ st i ’ Ve my \ ‘eh ar \ : “k ere ’ Nai we Noi | ‘ ohn : ive \ je 4 My \ f APES } ‘ ; * ani b Se it i i iv / my \ A i ‘ Pi: vis yi st) idl Neer \ ar NAT OD \ * j 44 by ey f SC YAAG Mat re f j \ : iit +) i 4 j ; | ' ; : hu yy ih } ay 4) i ) AS iy | A { | ) i a) i i AL, uy) a a yee) hia uy) Ah iene a ed as: a ‘ vi : Hite Se gis yey oT He Hy eae TAL t) i whey te ¥ a sali itis By ti Ty ed )! pool, the following result was obtcined: Comparison of Flow for Each llonth with September (1919) Foster & Brendle-Hamilton 3:3 Potal October - 1919 111.5% 121.2% Novenver 91.9 150.0 December « ate ee al 143.14 January - 1920 35.0 148.7 February 11.62 111.5 March 3.46 S640 Bors 1 «54 69 4 May 49 ai a June ans! 44.7 July mS Bs: 45,4 August ae 41.5 september .09 35 4 October ~08 ASW Novernbex ~06 2169 December gO7 ad ORs In making use of the above figures it must be remen~ bered that many wells were being completed each month which net > oniv affected the total production of the pool, but had a direct bearing on the production of the Foster and Brendle-Hamilton 33 well. It must also be remembered that during the first month's flow of the "Big" well, some gas escaved into the air, the ete line not being sufficient to care for the total discharge. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writer takes pleasure in ecknowledging his indebted- ness to the various gas companies who so generously furnished the information which made this report possible, and to the members of the Survey wno aidec materially in offering suggestions, checking tables, etc. Stencilecé and mimeographed by Elizabeth B. Garner January 24, 1921. aL Writ. » i d ‘t patie wil och i \ p : ‘ ‘ » Pee * ‘ aah A “ ‘ ‘ re i ne wav : h Mu y al oP ye i é us ree ba ae va ae I wn "i \e 1) ga wee P. ye ay te IM, ae Ke Af iP 4 he eal Man? 1) f ey | jn wif ; : r pipe yew \ ” i j if rare. j er “Fas | 5 ae! ad aie gat i a y : A iY ¥ . ) . ¥ thar he at A \ . 4 4 f . Peas ” *)! Vie ) eT AIR (oA y . / ‘ c i iy : : ‘ ‘ ma ie a at f { A ij ' y's) r , heyy +t Th Ae ab hier d ' ates 4 FPR ee A we 9 ee Dc AN #3 B lar fi enn Ry j te 1 , ih Agr it d Pita iny } wa ’ Waa ile ks A yy ? Ket ge OU Coe | Ae eh Ce oh. Vie ote) Cs reas ‘ bi dy UPA me PR ROE DP Ny RON 9 AN Ay RY Gh abl 9 rr r ; its ' A zi i y 1h Pee Wr Pees PY aes lh vy : I Fee ere awe t “4 ; fe ee J ve y 1 : a al Fi Preatih p- Mist : ee il : ' i 1 Md "4 'f 4) i 7 Ae Py \ ty 1 ka rai kl A a - i x ‘ . / pe Vy Ny; mies) { ‘ ‘ 7 * ; a ‘\ » a ‘ : ¢ f 7 i i Ae pies fete 0 iy 3 r Z : f in a 4 eae fi he abt ny i |) e ye Wi 2 ; t iy ’ Ae il x ioe an Ui a oo at te Bape ; F i 7%, »' ‘ Le he Qiiteaed 4 ‘ aa! a an we aN P We 4w at Wem NE ate fetal ; ie ae Gat did Bede Sp ve Ap eS By hme dy Vea ee te A wih a 4 ve dt t ae el ; : : y : fa! 5 je A . ‘ gee Wan pigtun ; ms Were ny ta & eh ratte wah ol Th L Mar, tae) bei | { pe 1 “ fal vey AN bhai ie a chy j Pay bee 4 if EG aa ia rps mT A pra a | t Wha nt iA Ag A ‘ a hee i Ri: Ws Et 4 ae ‘a ns PGs ’ Vie ay “wy Ge iene I 1 : : sre ui j HO ak eiheen ed om EEE EE HEE Poo et aia POT APR RERRGROGRRERES FSAUuOuuEUELureauaeresuuereanuresntiesiisit HT aeeeen 75 600 ‘70 1400 OF 1300 60 1200 — Ww WwW L 55 © $00 > = r3) S| z | lear 0 LL +1000 gy ies 2 3 iS n 45 > }+900 =y a a3 Ww = a 40 Z [800 i z2 2) > é ° a 700 35 S Z z Ww F bn 30 oO ee 2 o WwW ° a 25 x 500 O Z