Oak Street UNCLASSIFIED TEXAS CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Number 2, Vol. XX. March, 1924 NATURAL HISTORY MANUAL OF THE T. C. U. VICINITY (Fourth Edition) THE LIBRARY OF THE OCT 7- 1937 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS Prepared by HORTENSE WINTON, W. M. WINTON and GAYLE SCOTT Published Quarterly by TEXAS CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY Fort Worth, Texas SUBSCRIPTION FREE - Entered as Second Class Matter at the Postoffice at Fort Worth, Texas, Under the Act of August 24, 1912. Tit LIBRARY OF THE © UNIVERSITY OF ILLINGIS FLOWERING PLANTS Po Z TCA BoLnerin DCU eee A. TREES Leaves compound (PI. II). Leaves once pinnate (PI. II, fig. 1). Leaflets without glands at the base.......... Family Leaflets with glands at the base............. Family Leaves twice (or more) pinnate (PI. II, fig. 8). Plants: thorny 3% fae ee eae ee Family Plants not/thomy 12:44 22 « ee eee ee Family Leaves simple (PI. I). Leaves opposites (PI. III, tig.) 8. oo eee Family Leaves alternate (PI. III, fig. 6). Margin of leaf entire, or nearly so (PI. III, fig. 1). Leaves cordate, fruit a pea pod (PI. I, fig. 1) . Family Leaves ovate, fruit a drupe (PI. I, fig. 2)... Family Leaves ovate, fruit orange-like, large, (Pl. V. fig. 1.)- soak eee Family Margin of leaf serrate or lobed (PI. III, figs. 2tand 3s Plants: thorny; «¢. {73 Pee neces 6 eee oe Family Plants not thorny. Leaves deltoid in general outline, (PL.cl,. fig? 5) cee eee ee Family Leaves not deltoid. Leaves ovate, serrate (Pl. I, fig. 2, PL. TI, fig. 32) oo ae Family Leaves lobed, not serrate (PI. III, fig. 3) Lobes rounded in outline (PI. III, hig. 3)... eee ee Family Lobes angular (PI. III, fig. 4)... .Family HERBS, SH:RUBS, OR VINES Division I MONOCOTYLEDONS. Plants with flowers 9 20 on the plan of 3 (or multiples of 3), Pl. VII, figs.1 and 2; with leaves parallel veined, Pl. I, figs. centric growth rings. Perianth free, or united only at the base of the ovary. Perianth in 2 series, the outer sepal-like (Pl. VII, fig. 1) . Family Perianth segments alike and petaloid (Pl. VII, fig. 2, PIE higael)): : Flerbs’ or. shrubs: s. estan teeter, ee Family Spiny :\Vinedsi.' 42s oaks A ae ee Family 10 and 11; stems not provided with con- I Wt lane 7 Oe BULLETIN 2, C0 ee Perianth attached to the ovary (Pl. IX, fig. 10). PU arc SP a) SO aE A ee edanl teens eS SS ee 4 ne Family 6 COURIER OMmeReSe Sree hk Ft Re Family 5 SURI IGE Tay 50 Soak Wet SA nt Et ei Ps a ee Family 4 Division 2. DICOTYLEDONS. | Plants with the flowers on the plan of 4 or 5 (PI. VII, Figs. 3 and 4); leaves netted veined (PI. I, fig. 12); stems showing concentric growth rings. Apetalous. Flowers with no corolla. (Although the calyx may be colored and petal-like, Pl. VII, fig. 5). Flowers in dense bunches, plants parasitic on other plants. Family 13 Flowers.not in dense bunches. Calyx parts petal-like. oy simepenion wl -Celledity:. nau. t ctesute oriaeols Sayin he Family 12 Ovary superior, 3-celled (Pl. VII, fig. 5)........ Family 33 Polypetalous. Calyx and corolla both present. Petals not united. GPEPey [ipetig. 6): A. Stamens more than 10: 1. Shrubs or vines. Plants leafless, stem fleshy and thorny (Pl. V, Pit: atte: bar tiene se ht ee Family 36 Plants leafy, stem not fleshy. Ovary |, simple. Fruit a pea pod (PI. IV. figs. | to 4)....Family 23 Hrulteaearipes (rie ver Tigh 9) eee wn Se cco Family 21 Ovaries numerous. : Trailing vines or shrubs with sharp spines. . Family 21 Climbing vines without spines....... Pad Evil 1) 2. Herbs. Ovaries several, simple (Pl. VI, fig. 7). Stamens on the receptacle (PI. IX, fig. 6)...Family 16 Stamens on the calyx (PI. IX, fig. 7)...... Family 21 Ovary compound (PI. VI, figs. 8 and 9). Stamens distinct (PI. IX, fig. 4).......... Family 18 latices united sete. 11g, 0) v, a aly oie Family 34 B. Stamens not more than 10: 1. Shrubs or vines. Stamens distinct, flowers small and in dense bea het we ocak, an Ader nil deh sikh Leet: Family 30 Stamens united in | or 2 groups, flowers pea-like, ; ale LVL atte ae lt) Sere ee gee ook AiR cao Family 25 2. Herbs. Ovary single, 1-celled. 4 TE GRE BUELETIN UCUDDDALEEA DESEO TEASE EEA EEU EEO EEA DEO DEODEODEED EEE OO EES ET EEUEEDE EEE EDESCOTEATEEGDEDEU PROT EAT TEPPEU EEO EGT EOP GE EEE EES TROL ED EERE EDESU PEA EEO DEO EEES EEO DEE EER DESDE TEODOR TERIA EEO EEE Corolla regular or nearly so. Leaves alternates... 02 ee ee oe Family Leaves opposite! t4 ecw etc See Family Corolla irregular. Fruit a pod, flowers pea-like (Pl. VIII, fig. A.) ot SoA ee Family Fruit a capsule, flowers not pea-like. Stamens}3 55 47. Recs ttoest Family Stamens 6, in two groups (Pl. VIII, figs (4) 8. core gee eal: ook eee Family Ovary single, 2-5-celled. Ovary 2-celled. Flowers in umbels (PI. [X, figs. 2 and 3) Family Flowers not in umbels (Pl. IX, figs. 5, 6sard"'7) Re es eee Family Ovary more than 2-celled. Ovary a 4-celled capsule, flowers 4-petaled . Family Ovary a 5-celled capsule, flowers 5-petaled. Fruit with an elongated beak (Pl. IV, fig. 12) “oS ieee eee eee Family Fruit without an elongated beak (PI. IV, fig. 10). Juice sharply acid ......: fe bk ote Family Juice: not’ acid? “(Ply » Vik whes: 4 and ‘5) +.: 27a eee Family Gamopetalous. Calyx and corolla both present. Petals more or less united. (Pl. VII, fig. 7.) A. Shrubs or herbs with woody roots. Flowers pea-like (Pl. VIII, fig. 1). Fruitia pod*(Pl. IV, figs! iste 4) 25. 5 eae Family Fruntsnot)'a, pod (PI... V Siew or 2s eee Family Flowers not pea-like. Fruit a 2-celled many-seeded capsule....... Family Fruit small drupes, arranged in fours (PI. V, figs 4) 0) 2 is. Lie ee alee Family B. Herbs or vines. 1. Ovary superior (Pl. IX, fig. 9). a. Flowers regular. Ovary in two distinct parts. Flowers. blue: .:).5 \ tus «ism e fe ae Family 24 15 ag, 35 18 38 19 af 26 ta 28 25 aie. 49 46 40 Flowers orange, green or purple....... Family 41 Ovary not in two distinct parts. et CUE BULLETIN 5 VU Ovary 1-celled. Pirtatraspod te 4 yuh) eee Oe oe ee Family Fruit not a pod. Leaves alternate (PI. III, fig. 6) . . Family Leaves opposite (PI. III, fig. 5). . Family Ovary 2-several-celled. Ovary deeply 4-lobed ........... Family Ovary not deeply lobed. Cells of ovary | or 2-seeded. Flowers’ yellows. 2.1 ons Family Flowers pink, white or blue... . Family Cells of ovary several-seeded. Stigma simple (PI. IX, fig. 11) . Family Stigma 3-lobed (Pl. IX, figs "| 2): ee ee. Fees” Family Stigma 5-lobed (Pl. IX, fig 13: ath aie. Sie ee Sl Family b. Flowers irregular (Pl. VIII). Flowers pea-like, ovary I-celled, a pea-pod, (Dies be VAN Bas Tait bBo oe RE RE aie Family Flowers not pea-like; ovary 1, 2 or 4 cells. Ovary a |-celled, elongated capsule. . . . Family Ovary 2-4 cells. Cells each 1-seeded Ovary deeply 4-lobed, plant stems SqUaTe TGR sete. O) ae Family Ovary not deeply lobed. Stamens 4 ee... Lisa ett Family Stamens? Hass a. ahha ane Family Cells each several seeded. Plants: ereen pe hoe eee.» 2 Family : Plants without chlorophyll... . . Family Z. Ovary inferior (Pl. IX, fig. 8). Flowers in an involucrate head (Composites, CRON figssiv toe): uae ae Family Flowers not in heads. Stamens 3. Leaves alternate. Flowers yellow, large. Plants are trarlinpevinessty. SoMean. scey ster ct Family Flowers purple, small. Plants erect. . Family ae 44 39 46 45 42 48 54 55 6 eG TRB GEcEerIN Tee eee ee eee Leaves opposite, flowers white and small. Family 53 Stamens 4 or 5. Flowers pink, petals 4... Family 51 FAMILY 1 (Commelinaceae) 1. Commelina crispa. Day flower. Petals blue, unequal, two large and one small. Leaf blades lanceolate. Leaf sheaths thin, pale. slimy and viscid. (Pl. VII, fig. 1.) FAMILY 2 (Liliaceae) Plants withia woody root,.no»bulb’ 7)... 2. 2 > see Yucca Plants with bulbs or corms. Flowers umbelled (PI. LX, fig. 1). Perianth 6-parted. ‘ Late. yer Tradescantia humilis. Spiderwort. Petals 3, equal, blue. Sap &7 Odor (Pl. IX, fig. 2.) Leaf in many finger-like divisions, each divis- ion being very narrow. ‘Iwo sexes present, each in individual flowers. Plant stem “‘grooved.’’ Late. yo, Eryngium leavenworthii. Plants thistle-like. Flowers in dense oval umbels. Flowers purple. Late. (Midsummer. ) 93. Chaerophyllum teinturiert. Spanish needle. Flowers small, white, in loose open umbels. Fruit long, narrow.’ (PI. [X, fig. 3.) FAMILY 39 (Gentianaceae) 94. Sabbatia campestris. Rose pink. Small plants, rather pale green in color. Flowers bright pink or rose color, fragrant, with yellow centers and conspicuous stamens. Plants grow in dense clumps in low, marshy places. Not very common around the campus. 95. Eustoma russellianum. Texas Blue Bell. Plants two or three feet tall. Flowers large, showy, rich blue in color, tubular or bell shaped. Abundant in certain localities. Late. FAMILY 40 (Apocynaceae) . Amsonia texana. Texas Blue-Star. Amsonia. Small, erect plants, growing in clumps on the uplands. Abundant. Flowers pale blue, petals 5. Leaves many on the stem. _ Juice milky. Early. =a FAMILY 41 (Asclepiadaceae) 97. Asclepias tuberosa. Chiggerweed. Milkweed. Plants with masses | of bright orange colored flowers. Stems with milky juice. ¢ 998. Asclepiadora viridis. Milkweed. Flowers green. Plants with® Na sticky milky juice. Seed pods large. Seeds flat and provided with Gls BOLLETIN 17 PUCUDEVEEUT ETE eee tufts of cottony hairs. Leaves lanceolate or lance-shaped. (PI. I, fig. 3). This is the common milkweed of this region. 99. Aslepiadora decumbens, Milkweed. Like above, but leaves 100. L101. pu on Arr 104. 105. 106. “107 i108. isto 110. heavy, ovate; and plant procumbent. Vincetoxicum biflorum. A shrubby vine. Flowers liver-colored, star-shaped, with 5 petals. Fruit thick, fleshy, oval, large, hairy. Leaf blades ovate, cordate at the base. FAMILY 42 (Convolvulaceae) Evolvulus mollis. Low branching plants with small pinkish flow- ers which are tubular or bell-shaped. Leaves linear. (PI. I, fig. 4.) Flants grayish and silky. Convolvulus hermannoides. Wild Morning Glory. Trailing plants, with small pink to white flowers, having reddish centers. Leaves with wavy margins. FAMILY 43 (Polemoniaceae) Phlox pilosa. Phlox. Sweet William. Plants small, erect. Flow- ers range in color from white to purple, salver-form.. Leaves very narrow, opposite. Plants hairy. Gilia rubra. Flame Plant. Wild cypress. Erect plants, with conspicuous spikes of bright red flowers. Flowers small. Leaves numerous and finely dissected. Late. FAMILY 44 (Hydrophyllaceae) Phacelia -glabra. Flowers salver-form. (PI. VIII, fig. 10.) White to purple, mostly purple. Corolla fused at the base. Plants small. Leaves somewhat dissected, with serrate margins. Phacelia imbricata. Small white to purple flowers arranged in spirally coiled spikes. FAMILY 45 (Boraginaceae) . Lithospermum angustifolium. Yellow puccoon. Flowers bright yellow, petals fusing into a long tube at the base. Petals crinkled at the edges. Leaves narrow and linear. Onosmodium molle. Flowers white, very small. Ovary separat- ing into 4 hard nutlets at maturity. FAMILY 46 (Verbenaceae) Verbena bipinnatifida. Wild Verbena. Flowers small, lavender. Plants low, bushy. Stems with minute hairs, usually in 2’s. Early. Verbena officinalis. Plants erect, stems often branching. Stems 18 };C2lUS BULLETIN TOC eee 111. ti2, ii: 1/114. only slightly hairy. Flowers arranged on a loose spike. Leaves deeply lobed, lobes in turn dissected. Phyla nodiflora. Stems procumbent or trailing, and jointed, tak- ing root at the joints. Leaves arranged in whorls around the stem at the joints. Flowers in small heads, white or pinkish in color, very small. -Leaves spatulate to ovate, toothed along the mar- gins. Plants very common, forming a carpet-like mat in moist places. FAMILY 47 (Labiateae) Flowers blue. Plants densely hairy. Plants small with long bristly hairs.......... Salviastrum Plants large, stem and calyx of flower covered with white to ‘violet’ hairs). .5./. 0...) 1 ee Salvia Plants ‘not densely*hairy .°. me ste te Scutellaria Flowers pink to rose. Leaves heart-shaped, edges notched, the upper leaves clasping the stem. Flowers deep rose .......... Lamium Leaves narrowly lanceolate, edges toothed above the middle, :plants..erect; ...255 AGles. = eee Brazoria Leaves lanceolate, edges not toothed, plant strongly aromatic 2%) ..69. tA ee ie eee Be Hedeoma Flowers white. Flowers in “‘terraces’’ clasping the stem.......... Monarda Flowers ‘notin. * terraces’ /4.c sais bene let ae eet Melosmom > Salviastrum texanum. Flowers blue. Plants covered with long white hairs. Corolla 2-lipped, the upper lip concave, much smaller than the 4-lobed lower lip. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip 3-lobed, erect and crest-like; lower lip 2-parted. Throat of the calyx densely bearded. Leaves linear. Salvia farinacea. Blue salvia. Plants large, pranching freely from the base and covered with white to lavender hairs. Flowers deep purplish blue. Corolla 2-lipped—the upper lip small, con- cave and covered with conspicuous purple hairs. Lower lip much larger than upper; 3-lobed, middle lobe notched. Calyx entire or faintly notched. Plants aromatic. Leaves linear to lanceo- late. Scutellaria drummondi. Plants not conspicuously hairy, small, much branched from the base. Flowers pale blue. Corolla 2-lipped, upper lip small, lower lip much larger, spreading 3-lobed, middle lobe notched. (PI. VIII, fig. 2.) Calyx 2-lipped; upper I q a9 1G. Ye BOLLETIN 19 HU eee eee 115. 118. ELS: i21. lip entire, erect and crest-like; lower lip sometimes slightly toothed, calyx closed after corolla has fallen off. Leaves oval. Lamium amplexicaule. Pink skull cap. Plants weakly trailing. Upper leaves clasping the stem. Lower leaves heart-shaped, edges serrate. Plants sparingly hairy. Flowers small, rose col- ored, 2-lipped. Upper lip erect, deep rose color, hairy. Lower lip cleft and drooping, often spotted with red. Early Spring flower in yards and gardens. aa Lite: ~Brazoria scutellarioides. Plants small, erect, single. Lower part of plant usually smooth, flowering parts bearing short, straight hairs. Flowers pink, spotted with red. Corolla 2-lipped, upper lip broad and concave, lower lip 3-lobed and spreading. Calyx 5-parted, upper 3 sepals joined near base, but spreading at tips; lower 2 sepals narrow and sharp pointed. Also united near the ‘base. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, edges toothed above the middle. ta Re Hedeoma acinoides. Lemon Mint. Pennyroyal. Plant small, 6 to 8 inches, with opposite, linear or linear-oblong leaves. Corolla pinkish. Plants having strong lemon-odor. Monarda clinopodiodes. (Pl. VIII, fig. 3.) Horse Mint. Rather large, erect plants, with pale bluish white flowers arranged in circular “‘terraces’’ around the stem. Bracts as well as flowers often colored. Leaves. narrowly lanceolate, edges sparingly toothed. Plants strongly aromatic. Late. Melosmom laciniatum. White Mint. Plants small, inconspicu- ous. leaves 3 or 4-parted, and linear. Flowers axillary and greenish white. Flowers very irregular, lower petal being larger and more spreading than other 4. Stamens and style erect. Cor- olla tube flecked with purple and containing many white hairs. FAMILY 48 (Solanaceae) Flowers yellow. Plants spiny, flowers rich yellow......... Solanum rostratum Plants not spiny, flowers pale yellow....... Physalis viscosa Flowers not yellow. ieavesisilvery Halrvorta coe. Soe ees oe Solanum eleagnifolium Leaves not silvery hairy. Leaves incised, plants spiny.......... Solanum carolinense Leaves entire, plants not spiny.......... Solanum nigrum . Physalis viscosa. Small plants with ovate leaves. Flowers green- ish yellow with dark centers. Solanum rostratum. Yellow Nightshade. ‘‘Nettle.’’ Leaves oval, deeply lobed, hairy. Plant armed with many yellowish 20 Pe, Cee BULEETIN AUEEUUECCUEEEDECGT ECCT ECED ECG TE CLEP E ES EUEPE EET PEPE DE DED ED APPEASE PEEP EEE EET 122: Peay 124. ae 128. 129. 130. spines. Flowers yellow, one stamen much larger than the others and beak-like. Late. Solanum eleagnifolium. Silver Leaf Nightshade. Leaves finely hairy, with wavy margins. Flowers light blue in color. Solanum carolinense. Horse Nettle. Leaves and stems spiny. Flowers blue to lavender. (PI. I, fig. 9.) Solanum nigrum. Black Nightshade. Leaves and stem smooth. Leaves ovate. Flowers small, white. Late. FAMILY 49 (Scrophulariaceae and Acanthaceae) Flowers blue. Flowers small, 14 inch or less; with spur.......... Linaria Flowers large, | inch or more; bell shaped, without spur. Pisul: bearded.. ¢:s:: hes snake ee Penstemon Pistil not bearded. Corolla flecked with purple, leaves slender. . .Calophanes Corolla not flecked with purple, leaves large and heart-shaped .”.\....2 ¢5 5.) Aeneas Ruellia Flowers white or rose colored. | Flowers white, plants growing mostly in water... .Dianthera Flowers rose, surrounded by scarlet or rose-colored bracts’ ., ¢ dh-cggy-e eo skp eee ecole ae ne Castilleja . Linaria texana. Toad Flax. Slender plants with,small blue flowers. Flowers with a 2-lipped corolla, with a spur at the base of the tube. . Penstemon cobaea. Beard Tongue. ‘‘Foxglove.’’ Corolla tubu-@ lar or bell shaped, blue to purple. Flowers large, 2 inches or more long. Plants abundant on the uplands in the late Spring. (PLigailaficse:) Calophanes linearis. Corolla flecked with purple. Leaves oppo- site, narrow. Plants about one foot tall. On rocky uplands in late Spring. Ruellia ciliosa. Blue flowers, funnel-form, 14 inch long. Plants small, hairy, leaves oblong. Calyx about half as long as the corolla. Ruellia strepens. Like above, but larger and plants not hairy. In shady, rather moist paces. Dianthera americana. Water Willow. “Orchid.” Erect herbs, growing in water or wet places. Flowers small, pale violet or eG Sh OLE TIN 21 DUC eee — ioe: 13: ~ 134. NES. 136. 137. white. Corolla 4-parted; upper petal erect and notched; lower petal flecked with purple. Stamens 2. Leaves narrowly lanceo- late. Late. Castilleja purpurea. Indian Blanket. Painted cup. Small plants, o erect with conspicuous scarlet bracts around the scarlet or rose- colored flowers. Early. FAMILY 50 (Orobancheaceae) Thalesia uniflora. “‘Beech drops.’’ Entire plant flesh colored or white. Parasitic on other plants at the roots. Flowers white, tubular, terminal. Stamens 4. Late. FAMILY 51 (Rubiaceae) Houstonia angustifolia. Leaves linear; stems slender and branched. Flowers in clusters, small, pink. Late. — FAMILY 52 (Caprifoliaceae) Viburnum prunifolium. Black Haw. A tall shrub or small tree. Leaves oval. Flowers small, white, and in large flattened bunches. Petals 5, stamens 5. Fruit a 1|-seeded drupe with a hard stone, fruit purple-black. E:arly. FAMILY 53 (Valerianaceae) Valerianella amarella. Geometrical chickweed. Small plants with regular and ““geometrical’’ branching in 2’s. Flowers small, white. FAMILY 54 (Curcubitaceae) Curcubita fetidissima. “Gourd.” ‘Trailing, vine-like plants. Coarse large leaves. Large bright yellow flowers. Fruit spher- oid, gourd-like, 2 to 4 inches in diameter. (PI. V, fig. 2.) Late. FAMILY 55 (Campanulaceae) Specularia perfoliata. Venus’ Looking Glass. Flowers purple, 5-lobed. Leaves simple, rough, heart-shaped, clasping the stem. Late. FAMILY 56 (Compositae and allies) Flower heads white. Flowers 2 to 3 inches in diameter, plants coarse and Dristi var meer tarutcye ear cepa eie cg eee. kno RSs a Silphium Flowers small, 2 inches or less in diameter. Flower heads globose or rounding............ Marshallia Flower heads not globose: Plants lowly, 2 to 6 inches, covered with white J 22 T. C. U. BULLETIN QU eee eee ‘ woolly fibers, flowers having a “‘pitted’” ap- pearance) ts eae SR ee Filago Plants 18 inches to 2 feet in height: Flowers ‘daisy-like:” Plants strongly aromaht’.... o 45). os see Achillea Plants. notzaromatics.,.. =. | succeed aa Erigeron Flowers not daisy-like, lacking ray flowers, and greenish white in color........ Hymenopappus Flower heads yellow: The heads large, 3 inches or more in diameter..... Helianthus The heads small, 2 inches or less: . Flowers pale yellow, juice of plant milky.......... Sitilias Flowers orange yellow, juice not milky: Disk an elevated cone, brown in color. (PI. VID. figs 8) So8 eo ee eas eee Dracopis Disk flat or nearly so. (PI. VIII, fig. 9). Disk flowers brown in color, the leaves finely dissected "3°23 SE ee eee Thelesperma Disk flowers yellow: Plants tall, 4 or 5 feet: Leaves spiny and arranged in a “‘north- south’’ direction on the stem........ Silphium Leaves not spiny, but coarse and hairy; flowers greenish yellow, very incon- spicuous; fruit a spiny burr........ Xanthium Plants 3 feet or less in height: Flowers characteristically having 5 yel- low rays sensei a eee ee Lindheimera Flowers with more than five rays: Plants hairy: Plants coarse, the leaves coarsely dissected<.: .. J ido ecvneeene Engelmannia Plants low growing, the leaves nar- LOWS SOOw Loe oats cee ee ‘Tetraneuris Plants not hairy: Leaves ‘diséécted {3 Gyre a ae Senecio Meavesshinear iS, Sat Rie Amphiachrys Flower heads pink, blue, lavender or red: ‘ Plants with spines, flowers bluish lavender......... Carduus Plants without spines: Flowers davender 2.°ae: Pees as ee Centaurea. Flowers pink or rose-colored................ Brauneria Tee Cow.“ BULLVETIN ya. COUT eee eee 138. PS. aia . Achillea millefolium. Yarrow. Milfoil. . Helianthus annuus. . Helianthus maximilianit. . Sitilias multicaulis. oJ og ST? he . . Dracopis amplexicaulis. Flowers bright red, the ends of the rays tipped with yellow Gaillardia Silphium albiflorum. Coarse, rough plants with coarsely dissected leaves. Rays white. Fairly common on dry, rocky hillsides. Late. Silphium laciniatum. Compass Plant. ‘Tall, slender, rather spiny plants. Flower heads yellow. Leaves during the very dry sum- mer weather take on a characteristic ‘‘north and south’’ direction. Late. . Marshallia caespitosa. Slender plants, leaves linear and mostly basal. , Flowers small, white and in round or globose heads. Filago prolifera. Indian tobacco. Small, inconspicuous plants, very abundant in dry waste ground. Stems and leaves white- woolly; flowers minute, “buried’’ in small woolly heads. Very common on north end of campus. Tall-growing aromatic plants, having finely dissected fern-like leaves. Flower-heads small and in flattened corymbs. Erigeron tenuis. Slender Rough Fleabane. Fairly tall, branch- ing plants, slightly hairy. Flower-heads distinctly daisy-like, with many fine white rays. . Hymenopappus corymbosus. Flower heads small, greenish white. Disk flowers perfect, no ray flowers. Involucres white. Stems and leaves “‘woolly.”’ Sunflower. Rays yellow, disk dark purple Heads large, 4 inches or more across. Leaves toothed. Rays yellow, disk yellow. or brown. Sunflower. Late. Leaves linear. Dandelion. Flowers bright yellow, almost canary in color. Appearance like that of the common garden dan- delion. (Rudbeckia amplexicaulis.) | Clasping- Leaved Cone Flower. Rays yellow, usually with dark brown spots at the base of the rays. Disk an elevated brownish cone. (Pl. VIII, fig. 8.) Leaves broad and clasping the stem. . Thelesperma trifidum. Rays yellow, edges notched. Disk pur- sd plish brown. Leaves finely dissected. . Very common. . Xanthium speciosum. Cockle Burr. Flowers yellow, small and Plants bright green, with short coarse hairs. Texas Star. Plants lowly, with yellow inconspicuous. Lindheimera texana. 24 ent Oh Bu aE POPSEETELELEESL ISI LIOU RI ELLLELSERPLLLIELPrELPLLESLILiESHLiLitliretisitiiisPetitshitiietii stilt isi itor l beret ie tt flowers, about one inch across. Rays yellow and few, usually 5. ’ Bracts have minute stalked glands along the margins. 152. Engelmannia pinnatifida. Leaves deeply incised, the lobes in. turn being toothed. Entire plant covered with bristly hairs. Flowers yellow and about one inch across. 153. Teiraneuris linearis. (Picradenia.) Leaves linear, forming basal rosettes. (Pl. II, fig. 8). Flower stem long, slender and leafless. Flower heads yellow, about | to 2 inches across. Very common or rocky hillsides in early Spring. 154. Teiraneuris linearifolia. (Picradenia.) Plants much smaller than above. Leaves linear, arranged alternately on the slender branch- ing stems. Flower heads yellow. less than | inch across. Much . ai PES os above, blooming in late Spring, usually. “155. Senecio lobatus. Groundsel. Plants tall, about 2 feet, smooth. Leaves much dissected and lobed. Flower heads small, 34 inch or less; rays yellow, disk yellow. Plants showy. 156. Amphyachvris dracunculoides. Broom weed, August flower. Very common on upland prairies during late spring and summer. Plants about 2 feet high, leaves narrowly lmear. Flower heads yellow, small, 14, inch or less across, numerous, on the ends of the branching stems. This plant contains a resinous sap, highly inflammable and constitutes a very real fire menace. This menace exists while the plants are still green, as the upper stems and flowers will burn with almost explosive violence at any time dur- ing the flowering season. 157. Carduus virginiana. Common Thistle. Heads lavender to purple. Leaves wavy and lobed, the lobes armed with long sharp spines. Plants bristly hairy. 158. Centaurea americana. Star Thistle. Heads lavender, altho whites and purples are found. Plants tall, 2 to 3 feet, leaves smooth and entire. Plants not spiny. 159. Brauneria angustifolia. (Echmacea.) Pink Cone Flower. Very showy plant. Rays rich pink or rose-color, disk elevated some- what and purplish brown in color. 3 160. Gaillardia pulchella. Indian Daisy. Leaves lanceolate, deeply A toothed. Flowers showy, with rays yellow at the apex and red at the base in typical forms. Pure reds, pure yellows, doubles and many other variations-are found.’ These plants are extremely abundant in the late Spring and are found in clumps of many thousands on the uplands. This is easily the characteristic flower of the T. C. U. vicinity. T. C. U. BULLETIN 25 DIRECTIONS FOR-PLANT COLLECTIONS Each student is expected to present at the end of the term, a collec- tion of twenty wildflowers, neatly pressed and mounted. In making such a collection, there are several things for the student to bear in mind: 1. It is practically impossible to correctly identify a flower that has been pressed and dried. Bring mm from the field at least two of every kind—one to press and one to identify. It is often necessary to tear up a flower in identification, hence the need of a margin. 2. Wherever possible, collect plants that have been in bloom long enough to develop fruits. This is important, because seeds are produced im a special organ, the ovary. In a newly open flower, this structure is so small that the unaided eye cannot make out the number of cells, seeds, etc. A\s these are factors which often form a basis for separa- ton, the importance of seeing them clearly is obvious. 3. The root of a plant is often a basis for separation. Most of the Monocots and some Dicots have special root structures, which should be included in a pressed specimen. To Press a Plant: _ On a sheet of gray felt paper, place the plant in the desired position. Press gently with the fingers until the flowers and leaves lie flat. If the leaves or flowers seem too thick, trim or pick out a few where they will not show. When the plant has a thick bulbous or woody root, it may be thimmed away with a sharp kmife on one side. Of course, m mounting, this cut side should be placed next to the paper. Only the most general directions can be given for the actual press- ing, as every student will have to learn by experience what procedure will give the best results. For each successful press there will be an inevitably large number of failures. When the plants are small, several can be placed on the same sheet of felt. Take care, im such a group, to press only those plants having the same relative thickness. This will msure an equable distnbution of pressure, and the results are bound to be more satisfactory than those obtained by a haphazard groupig. After the plants are arranged satisfactorily, cover with another sheet of the felt and place m the plant press. Adjust the thumb-screws so that the contents are held firmly, but not mashed. Too much pressure does far more harm than not enough, and one careless individual can undo the work of several painstaking students, who, through necessity, are forced to share the press with him. 26 Ty Ge U-BULLETIN PUT eee Remove the plants from the press after two or three days. If the plants have been pressed satisfactorily, they can be laid away between folded sheets of newspaper until thoroughly dry, and then mounted. Do not, under any circumstances, let the plants remain in the press longer than a week, as they are apt to mould or mildew. Composites are most successfully pressed ‘“face down,’ with all the ray flowers extended. Many more flowers should be pressed and classified than the re- quired twenty, as the percentage of failure is very high. ‘This gives a margin from which to select the best twenty, as neatness is an important basis for grading. To Mount: L Place the pressed plant on the blank sheet of mounting paper in the desired position. If the root, stem or seed pod has been cut to aid. in pressing, place this surface next to the paper. Cut narrow strips from the roll of transparent tape that was issued with the other materials. Moisten the gum side and fasten the plant to the page at several critical points. (This tape may be used to cover very frail flowers that shed the petals readily. ) The generic and specific names should be printed in the lower right-hand corner of the page. TCG UsBuLerin 27 HAN eee - INDEX TO FLORA Page Page PATO A We tan seste sec, coh Family 56 Chaerophyllum _............ id 38 PROUT) rage Beene a ss Boa Chick WOGUy terra aes ‘ 15 Adder’s tongue .............. f: 2 Chickweed, geometrical ” 53 Aalanthus ofc. secu ay 29 \Chigger weed....:-:-.--0:-1-:- 2 Al PAALATINN eee eles ites re v PE CIIN ADELE ek eats cco x 31 Alpine mustard................ ” 1OaClaretvcup.. cso. ee 4 34 ORL ETL oe, Se ih! T5Glematisanwsene cee wv 16 Amnhiachrys ice eee: e BO CockIC DUET ales Bee fe 56 FAROUI Peet ee. " 40 Compass plant................ a? 56 Androstephium ............ as 22 Commelinaae..0s oes #4 1 FAMEM ONG ia sci net nee i 168Cone sfloweras..a ie 56 ATR PAI Bicesa ure toca) hed be DR COnVOlVillis 1ster eee 1 42 APO CMIONG: a:.025...5c2 sf. z LS Gooperia, teiiy..tese ee " 4A Asclepiadora ...............-.- B AtaG@oral beads. sere ? 17 INSClON aS awees A tients 5 a AleCorioelinn 6.24 eee a 10 PVE Pa Ca WI Steet ess ey hos: 4 De CO maa la Media d Welter i ee i. 18 August flower................ ? BEIRCOLLONWOOd fac. natcantct 8 BOAT eOTASS 018 Se 4 PAGrane se Diklesd ive i 26 Beard tongue.................. ? AVP Cratserus fch.0 fees 3 22 Beechin Drops tic =. 2 BO’ Creek: plum yecc-ceteceenec--20 ¥ 21 Black-jack oak................ um St Cropoiin se sien ah hae ¥ 33 Black nightshade............ " A8° Crow poison..........-.------.- Q 2 iplue cbell, Lexas..2.0 ). a SOM Curcubitad ae. iq 54 Pile moOTNet. 2. 2k a2 DAG a ndelionsw Ack eee oe 56 Blue-eyed grass............ 3 prellart: planted cc ao 4 38 BURY Te LA Ey ade oo een a ” PMR PATI CUS eae use et eevee 4 38 ASMIGIIRALY I distal. ict so 0380 23 is A Twat lO Wer ters = 28 4 56 Yellow nightshade ........ Z 48 SLOTK DiHIh. oo ch ‘ef DO mAVUCCAS osc UN. ea 2 2 SST 65350725 ge eee a ae 56 30 Alek tle Butte TIN AVUUTDOGUEU EOD TEEDDECLEREDS UES UADTAOEEDEEODEOTEQUEEEUEDETEUUSEPERU ERE DSEDER DESO PELL EREEOS ET CEEG PEED EES EEE EP Lanceolate Linear Deltoid Spatulate Elliptic PLATE I. AC POL SBULLESTIN 3| TICE OLEH CULL LLEOELCOPG LUCE CUCLER UEC LELLLE CECE LUCE CEU ULE CULL CULL CLLLLLLCCLUP EL CLLLLL be Palmate Trifoliate T PLATE I. fe T. C. U: BULLETIN TE eee eee Entire Serrate lobed (rounded) Lobed (angular) PLATE III. le GC ABULLETIN 33 PTT Pod with beak Circular PLATE IV, 34 Bb haa wre & BULLETIN SUEDDAPUUUECED ESTE ENTEAEEGEOEEOEG EEO EOEELSOEESEO TEU EATEOEEGEO DEORE DOD EOGEUGOTEO TERE EE DEO EODEO EO EACECEUDEUEEGEA TEGO EECEC CEU CECECLETEASEEEUTECEE ERODE EEO EEGEEREGECREOSATOUDESEOGSTOEOSEECES EDT é Plant stems Fone fs BF _ Stems in disks Square Qf ci tonBrown) PLATR V.' T..C. U.- BULLETIN 35 dvvvvuuecnccauouucceseannenencucotueasscacencnzcanauocevnceecagecaauensenesencngcgacongacusengrccnccoonoevessseeececocegegseeneeeeg vn ueeeaeeecen cee a eneeereRR ALAA EHLte oe Stare Ae. 1 om Ae — Pistil yy, 4 — Petal 2 ( Ay Lip oem Sect es ee Ctl er wee erladient 4 Stamen -_> —Stig Ma ; Coy aie Style Compound Ovaries PLATE VI. 36 PoCw. BULLETIN" ’ Gamo petalous Poly petalous PLATE VII. it Se te ee hy et BULEETIN 37 DUVAUDVAOVSEAAUAOANDUSLOGEAASUASSUEAATERADOU EOE DDSOEEU EELS SOENOEODECHUPEREOCOEDOGERU ODOM EEDEOPOOGEQEOEDOO SEE CEEEO DEON TUOOTEAOOEEAOTRMOOOEDEOAESODTONUDAOOUERSEDODOORO SOOO OENIO ESOS BOOS ‘ Mint flowers racts — — —% Composite 8 (Flowersin an involucrate head) (after gray) § T aE er ' a . A> HAI, LN PLATE VIII. 9 Disk flat elevated cone} 38 T. C.'US BULLETIN CUCEUEE EOE EU TOPE EEUU y gerne ha) é \) Den Perianth attached to Ova Jy! ; ‘ Ova ry Superior Ovary inferior i i2 \3 Simple stigma s-lobed J 5 -lobed PLATE IX. INSECTS 40 T. C. U. BULLETIN QECUUEOUCEUECEDESECEOECECEOEGEEEEEOEO LECTED DESO DEE ED CED EPEC E REECE EGE PEEP ETE EEE E EEE ARTIFICIAL KEY TO NINE COMMON ORDERS OF INSECTS A. Insects with hard mouth parts, adapted for gnawing or biting, but not including forms with stabbing beaks. Wingless insects. Small, flattened, pear-shaped bodies st: .3. 5. « ates Soa at te ee APTERA Under pair of wings folded lengthwise under the up- per pair. Incomplete metamorphosis. .. .ORTHOPTERA Upper wings hard and _shield-like. Lower wings folded both lengthwise and crosswise beneath the up- pet (palteoes ickers oaks suse eee ane COLEOPTERA All four wings nearly alike, fully veined and trans- parent. (a) Hind wings slightly smaller than the fore, NEUROPTERA (b) Hind wings equal to or larger than the fate? ees aE hae glk bee ae ODONATA B. Insects with soft mouth parts or with stabbing beaks. The base of the upper wings leathery, and other half thin and membraneous. Lower wings thin, translu- cent. ‘The lips forming a tube or beak which is fold- ed beneath the *head*; 9 2....24- gees 5 so HEMIPTERA All four wings covered with dusty, downy scales. Jaws elongated into a sucking tube, which is coiled spirally beneath the head ........... LEPIDOPTERA (a) With knobs on the antennae, insects mostly Guutnal-\:.4 bids ee eee ee Butterflies (b) Without knobs on antennae, insects mostly noctornal ) see Pee Ase my te All four wings membraneous (may be absent in worker castes). Hind wings locking with the fore along the edges. Mouth has lateral moving jaws as well as soft parts. [he abdomen is usually provided with a:.stng och: Ss oe a enn HYMENOPTERA Only the fore wings developed, the hind wings being — 8 represented by a pair of inconspicuous knobs. DIPTERA 9 Common or conspicuous examples found in the T. C. U. vicinity. TG | BULEETIN 4] HH eee “APTERA. | Silver Fish or Fish Moth (Lepisma Saccharina). Found in libraries. Feeds on the paste and sizing of books, on the paste of wall pa- per, etc. ORTHOPTERA. , Grasshoppers. _An unknown number of genera and species. Exam- _ ples are the Lubber (Brachypeplus sp.), which is very. large and “has very small wings; the Red Leg (Melanopus femur rubrum) ; the Red Wing (Psinidia sp.), which has bright red under wings exhibited only when flying; the Bird Locust (Schistocerous sp.), which is large and a very powerful flyer; the Spine Back (Acry- dium sp.), which has the triangular hard portion on'the’ back extending beyond the soft parts of the abdomen. Praying Mantids or ‘Devil Horses.” A large green form (Stago- mantis sp.), and a smaller brownish or straw-colered form (uni- dentified) - Katydids (Pterophylla sp.) green, with leaf-like wings. Cockroaches. —Two common forms, the small German roach or “‘Cro- . ton Bug’’. (Blattella germanica), and the large American (Peri- planeta americana ). Walking Stick Insect (Diapheromera femorata), a peculiar wingless form. Mole Cricket’ (Gryllotalpa’ 'sp.), somewhat resembles ‘a grasshopper, but has shovel- like igont legs. An underground fo but fairly common. — Cricket ‘(Nemobrius sp). Brownish to black. Often migrates in great numbers. COLEOPTERA. May Beetle (Lachnosterna arcuta). Very common small brown beetle of summer. Its larvae are the familiar ‘“‘grub worms’’ of ‘this region. Ground Beetle (Lebia grandis). Small. ‘The anterior part of body reddish, the rest black or very dark brown. Tiger Beetles (Cicindela sp.). Small, slender, very agile beetles. Many species. The most common are green with flecks of yellow. Com- mon along the bank of the Clear Fork. Prey on gnats and other small insects. Sung Beetles or ‘“Tumble Bugs’ (Canthon sp.). Black, oval-bodied. | ais a large ball of dung around the eggs. At least two species ere 42 - T. C. U. BULLETIN DUDEGDEAEDEDELUEEUEEDAS DEEDES Snout Beetle or Weevils, many genera and species. Great range in size and habits. All forms characterized by the snout. Museum Beetles (Dermestes sp.). Minute beetles whose larvae do most of the damage (in this region) credited to the clothes moth. Lady Beetles (Cocnella sp. Adalia sp., etc.). Very small spheroid forms, mostly reddish in color and spotted with black. Water Beetles or ‘“‘“Whirligigs’’ (Dysticus sp.). Several species and sizes. Borer Beetle (Cyllene robinia). Slender bodied; black with yellow markings. Black Wood Beetle (Possalus cornutus). Large form, smooth thorax and corrugated wings. Powerful jaws. Flour Beetle (Tenebrio obscuro). Much like above, but much smaller. June “‘Bug’’ (Macrodactylus spinosus). Large, metallic bronze-green. Smooth. Caterpillar Hunter (Calosoma scrutator). Large green form, readily distinguished from the June Bug by its corrugated wings. This form is as useful as the June Bug is harmful. Blister Beetles. Slender forms. Several species. (See museum speci- mens). Goliathus Beetles. A very large brown oval-bodied beetle; found along the water courses in late spring and early summer. NEUROPTERA. May Fly (Ephemera varia), swarms in enormous numbers for a short time in the spring. Ant Lion or ““Doodle Bug.’ Several genera and species. The adults of this insect are seldom recognized as such, but are extremely common in spring and are very annoying at night. Dobson Fly (Corydalis sp.). A large insect. Rare in this region, but extremely conspicuous on account of its size and its large jaws. ODONATA. Dragon Flies. An unknown number of genera and species along the water courses. HEMIPTERA. Note: All of the common members of the sub-order of the True Bugs have been collected and classified. To get species names, check your specimens against those in the museum. Cicadas or ““Locust.’’ Several species. The Two-year form most com- mon. Plant Lice (Aphis.sp.). Pink bodied insects, very small. Imbed them- selves in masses of cotton down. TMA BULLETIN 43 CHEE Water Striders (Hygrotechus sp.). Common aquatic insects which run on the surface of the water. Several species here. Assassin Bugs. Black, red-spotted forms. All stab viciously. For names check against museum specimens. Wheel Bug. (Arillus cristatus.) Large black bug, with a wheel-like crest on the back. Another stabbing form, whose victims usually refer their trouble to “‘spider bites.”’ Stink Bugs. Green and bronze forms. Strong aromatic odor on which they seem to depend mainly for protection, as they seldom bite. _ The stab is very painful, although seldom resorted to. Nezera sp. is the most common. Electric Light Bug. (Belastoma sp.). The largest insect of this region. It is aquatic in habit, but flies at night and is attracted by strong lights. LEPIDOPTERA Butterflies Monarch (Anosia Plexippus). Common large brown form with black markings. Clouded Sulphurs (Colias sp.). Pale yellow, medium sized. Papilios. Several forms. All rather large and characterized by the “‘tails’’ on the hind wings. MOTHS Sphinz or ‘“‘Humming Bird” moth. (Hemaris sp.). Large, gray trian- gular bodies and wings. Underwings and Cutworms. See museum specimens for names of most common. Polyphemus. Several species with velvety wings and eye-like mark- ings on the hind wings. Tent sed Moth (Malacosoma americana). Small, reddish rown. Borer Moths (Sanninoidea sp.). Small moths with the hind wings translucent. These insects are often not recognized by the be- ginner as moths. The larvae bore under the bark of trees, and are harmful. HYMENOPTERA Agricultural Ant. (Pogonomyrex occidentalis). The large red ant. Very common. Soldier Ant. Half red and half black. House Ant. Small, red. Bumble Bees (Bombus sp.). Several species, all black, rurkee with yellow. 44 T. C..U,. BULLETIN ge lid lla ITE tla a Cow Killer Wasp. (Sphaerophthalma sp.). Large, red, Lae wing- less. Often mistaken for ant. Tarantula Hawk. (Pepsis formosa). A gigantic red wasp. Danger- ous, but good-natured. Dirt Dauber Wasp. (Pelopoeus sp.) Build mud nests of several tubu- lar cells. Ichneumon Flies. Several genera and species. All with slender abdo- mens. DIPTERA House Fly (Musca domestica. ) Stable Fly (Stomoxys calcitrans). Much like above, but with a stab- bing beak. Horse Fly (Tabanus sp.). Very large form. Several species here. Blow Fly (Calliphora sp.). Blue green. Screw Worm Fly. ‘Two flies which are so called. A small greenish fly (Chrysompia macellaria), which deposits eggs, and a large gray fly which deposits maggots. Both harmful. Robber Flies. Powerful slender bodied flies which attack small insects. Mosquitoes. Three. forms. One diurnal (Edes sp.), and two noc- turnal (Culex sp.,and Anopheles sp.). DIRECTIONS FOR INSECT COLLECTIONS. The following materials are necessary for collecting: A bag of mosquito netting, or other close-mesh fabric, sewed on a wire hoop, which is attached to a handle three or four feet long; a wide-mouthed bottle, and a small bottle of gasoline or chloroform. The bottles will be issued to students, but the bag may be home-made or bought. To Catch: | _ Most insects that fly rapidly, should be captured in the net. This includes Moths, Butterflies, Dragon-flies and some Grasshoppers. Beetles, true Bugs and slower-moving forms are easily captured with the hands. Many of the true bugs have dangerous bites and caution should be exercised when handling them. Insects with stings should be caught in the net, “wrapped j in a bit of cotton or cloth, and anesthetized with the killing fluid, after which they can be handled more freely. To Kill: ely Drop the insect in the wide-mouthed bottle, pour in a little gaso- line or chloroform, and replace the cork. All insects may be killed this way except large beetles. To insure a quick and certain death, drop these into boiling water for ten’ or fifteen seconds. TC US BULLETIN , 45 DOU eee Preparation of Specimens: After insects are dead, but before they become stiff, remove from the bottle, and arrange for mounting. Beetles, true bugs, etc., do not require much preparation. Lepidoptera, Odonata, Neuroptera, and many of the Orthoptera should be ‘“‘spread’’ before mounted. Place such insects, back down, on a sheet of corrugated cardboard (such as that in which books and light-weight parcels are packed for shipping). Spread the wings and fasten with narrow strips of paper to the cardboard. Pin near the wing edges, but not thru them. In ten or twelve hours, the strips may be re- moved, and the insects mounted. To Mount: Thrust the point of an insect pin through the thorax of soft-bodied forms, such as butterflies, moths, etc. Raise the specimen to the middle of the pin or above. Beetles are pinned through the right wing cover. Small, soft specimens, such as silver-fish, may be glued to bits of stiff paper, and pinned through the paper. Take care not to break off legs, antennae, etc., as all insects includ- ed in this collection should be as near perfect as possible. To Arrange: Group the insects according to orders. Print or typewrite the names of the orders on small labels, and paste in the bottom of the collection box. Each student is expected to use his own judgment as to arrange- ment, etc., exercising care as to accuracy and neatness, however. The requirement for Biology II, is a collection of twenty-five to forty insects, Tepresenting the nine common orders. bs > taf ita “ v tied) py Ge ” ated (5. aly > ‘ * + . ’ 4 4 ? ° t . 1 ‘ ' i 7 ’ s 2 s . e 4 te ne oe er E sa + : ae me ABN 4 y jes c 4 a moras f be! De = ae mi ag i ee ‘ “4 .“~ 4 be + ‘2 3 ~ ¢ aR, + ’ t e- . = , , » et ‘ t P ‘ . eee 3 4 ca -¥ oi? F; ‘ e i. - ee { 8} r 7 : y ' j 7: 7 inte © D , PD) + RE OTS ry : ~ , 4 rs a : ' 2 *- a > = / se - a4 > = 4 * . * ' ~ S's Tg!) ‘ppt , v2. , wohl Dw? Le ni bw 74) a o4 ve é <4 et A ¥ » -. FOSSILS 48 Lees BUR ELM Tee COMMON FOSSILS OF THE T. C. U. VICINITY PHYLUM PROTOZOA: Colontal “forms? 2%. ; Pe hieee. cae ee Ce See Nodosaria — PHYLUM COELENTERATA: Corals: Small, angular, less than 15 mm. in height...... Placosmilia Large, fairly smooth, 15 mm. or more in height. . . . Parasmilia PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA: Tests circular or nearly so: Tubercles prominent. More than 20 mm. across, no cap on apical system |... sos ute ME Oe ee Diplopodia Less than 20 mm. across, cap on apical system. Cap “circular. 66 2 s00k fcc ee Salenia Cap’ pentagonal. ..j04 . Ask. oe ee Goniophorus Non-tuberculate, or tubercles minute............ Holectypus Tests heart-shaped or oval: All pores in apical system slit-like. Rays on surface, indistinct)... .=. . 6.2. oe Holaster Rays depressed;-conspicudus 2) 22.8. vo saree Hemiaster ‘Two rows of pores in each branch of apical system slit-like, and two rows citcular........2..70... Enallaster PHYLUM MOLLUSCOIDEA: Bivalve, 10 mm. to 20 mm. across... .. 2. 2. yeeeee Kingena Very fine net-like structure found on rocks and fossils. . . .Bryozoa PHYLUM ANNELIDA: Wormelike ‘fossils ..% v.50. 6s os Ce Serpula PHYLUM ARTHROPODA: | | Various*claw-like. structures . .. 22.2, oe ce ee Crustacea PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: Class Pelecypoda. Clams, valves symmetrical. Large, more than 40 mm. Circular or sub-circular. Elat; smooths. 5) acts: 5 staeua tun Se Cyprimeria Growth lines in two directions ......... Protocardia Not circular. Longest diameter from umbo to ventral mar- gin, 80 mm. to 150 mm. Prominent growth lines............64. [noceramus Thin, smooth, razor-like, elongate...... Gervilliopsis Le Gre BULLETIN 49 CO Small, less than 40 mm. Ribs Prominent. FRIDSBONTIT EH cAI PA War haae ae eeaiesa sTebidad sea be ence Lima Rabsstuberculate onesie ae states nee V enericardia Ribs not Prominent. Narrow hinge, fine growth lines.......... Nucula Wide hinge, usually pyritized ............ Arca Valves unequal. Valves ribbed. Riborentirese acute on ee hoe aia Oe, Pecten bcinsstperculates fa ako ek cee he ke Plicatula Valves not ribbed. Prominent beak on one valve curved over the nrg, Toe ee is Ae ae See eee oe Grvyphea Beak curved spirally or to one side.......... Exogyra Valve without prominent beak............... Ostrea Class Gastropoda. Last whorl small. Owe Osmm. toto) Tamar tale ee eee oS Nerinea any 20smm. toc+0 mm tall) ie ie ee Turtitella Last whorl large. ow. whorls about threes fe 2 eee Pe Gyrodes iftallAvhorls*fouror mores. ee eet. eee ee Lunatia Class Cephalopoda. Straight or only slightly curved................. Hamites @ailedmspirallynaet ie eA Pee LOS Sem. Turrilites Coiled in a plane. More than 60 mm. across. Without keel. Very fren heen SULLTE sees heen Desmoceras Dimple euttiiersse fast. on eras ais tae Nautilus With keel. | Ribs large, straight and spoke-like..... Schloenbachia Ribs small, recurved and flat.......... [nflatoceras ips than 60 mm. across. Prominent keel. Ribs large and tuberculate........... Mortoniceras No keel. | Ribs fine, numerous, non-tuburculate....... Scaphites PHYLUM CHORDATA: Teeth and vertebrae .............. EL MELO; ... «Sharks 50 ' TaC., U-ABULLETIN TITTIES NODOSARIA 1. Nodosaria texana. A colonial form, consisting of a linear series of collar-like chambers averaging about nine in number. The cham- bers increase slightly in size toward the mouth, which is terminal and consists of about four prominent apertures. Average thick- ness of fossil | mm.; average length, 5 mm. PLACOSMILIA 2. Placosmilia sp. A small, tapering, exceedingly angular form, about 8 mm. tall and about 5 mm. across the top. Base marked by a small attachment scar. PARASMILIA . Parasmilia texana. Large, simple and conical in form. Septa on the plan of six. Average height about 35 mm.; average meas- urement across top about 25 mm. At the base there is an attach- ment stalk, which is rarely preserved. DIPLOPODIA 4. Diplopodia texana. Small, 20 mm. to 50 mm. across; low, bicon- cave, greatest concavity being on the ventral side. Several double rows of tubercles extending from the apical center over the peri- pheral edge to the ventral side. “These double rows of tubercles are sometimes interspaced with a few scattered tubercles. No cap over apex. luv SALENTIA 5. Salenia mexicana. Almost spherical in form, covered with several rows of prominent tubercles. Apex covered with a distinct cap- like structure, in which the large anal pore is eccentrically located. Height about 9 mm., largest measurement about 14 mm. GONIOPHORUS 6. Goniophorus sp. An echinoderm very much like Salenia mexicana, but smaller. Tubercles prominent; apical cap a five-pointed star in which the large anal pore is eccentrically located. About 2 mm. to 4 mm. tall, 4 mm. to 6 mm. across. HOLECTY PUS . Holectypus limitis. A circular echinoderm, ventral side flat with large mouth opening. Dorsal side distinctly conical in shape. Surface smooth with the exception of rows of minute tubercles closely spaced. Height 10 mm. to 15 mm.; diameter of base 30 mm. to 50 mm. “I T. C. U. BULLETIN 5] Hee eee eee HOLASTER 8. Holaster simplex. Base flat and heart-shaped; arms*of apical sys- tem not in furrows, or in very shallow furrows. Fossil smooth, or covered only with small indistinct tubercles. Sides steep, anal pore posterior. Greatest measurements across base 50 mm. to 70 mm.; height, 20 mm. to 30 mm. HEMIASTER Large Diameter 60 mm. to 100 mm............ Hemiaster elegans Small. Less than 60 mm. Relatively smooth, apical system well cen- it Soh, ~