UNIVERST EY of LLINGIS: 
 
 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 
 
 Bulletin No, 3 vias x Biological Series No. 3 
 
 Summer Birds of Flathead Lake 
 
 Pp, M. SILLOWAY, 
 
 PRINCIPAL, FERGUS COUNTY HIGH SCHOOL, AUTHOR OF 
 SOME COMMON BIRDS. 
 
 PREPARED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA BIOLOGICAL 
 STATION, UNDER DIRECTION OF 
 
 MORTON J. ELROD. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 
 1901 
 
BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 
 
 Bulletin No. J Biological Series No. J 
 
 Summer Birds of Flathead Lake 
 
 P. M. SILLOWAY 
 
 RRICh aw ige 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 
 1901 
 
Summer Birds of Flathead Dake 
 
 P.M. SILLOWAY. 
 
 Notes based upon observations made between June 14 and 
 August 30, 1900. From June 14 to July 6, observations were 
 made from the University of Montana Biological Station at 
 the head of Flathead Lake as a center; from July 9 to July 
 18, at Sin-yale-a-min Lake, Mission Mountains; from July 19 
 to July 27, at McDonald Lake, Mission Mountains; from 
 July 28 to August 8, in the region between the foot of Mt. 
 McDonald and the foot of Flathead Lake; during the re- 
 mainder of the period stated, the Biological Station was again 
 the center of operations. 
 
 Additional observations were made in June and July, 1901, 
 which have been recorded in the appropriate /laces. 
 
 Prepared under direction of the University of Montana 
 
 - Biological Station. 
 
 SIN-YALE-A-MIN LAKE. 
 
 Sin-yale-a-min Lake hes in a depression of the Mission 
 ~ Mountains at an elevation of 3900 feet. The depression is 
 *= probably the result of glacial action, in which the bed of the 
 lake was scooped out by the moving ice-mass, the trend being 
 S nearly from east to west. The western end of the depression 
 =is blocked by what seems to be a terminal moraine, through 
 = which the outlet of the lake makes its way. The lake is fed 
 
 by a stream which comes dashing down a gorge on the north- 
 east, the descent being so steep about a quarter of a mile from 
 the lake that there is a succession of beautiful falls extending 
 over several hundred feet. Between the lake and the falls the 
 stream is thickly bordered by massive arbor vitae, whose nu- 
 merous standing trunks and accompanying fallen growth form 
 an almost impassable jungle. However, a trail can be followed 
 from the lake to the falls with no great difficulty. Along this 
 stream the cheerful chant of the winter wren can be heard, 
 and in the leaping spray of the falls the American dipper 
 loves to play. 
 
 1084t 
 
Tc ier 
 
 North of the lake, rising quite abruptly from the water’s 
 edge, lies the first of a series of ridges which culminate in 
 Sin-yale-a-min Mountain, whose bald head and snow-clad shoul- 
 ders can be seen very clearly from the outlet of the lake. 
 Between the lake and the summit of Sin-yale-a-min 
 Peak, whose altitude is approximately 9200 feet, there 
 rises nearly three miles of wooded mountain-side, the 
 home of Clarke’s nutcracker and Richardson’s grouse, 
 with other birds of Alpine habitat. As on the north, the 
 southern shore of the lake is the foot of a high, wooded ridge, 
 where the Rocky Mountain jay and black-headed jay flit among 
 the trees, and the ruffed grouse hides in the fir thickets. 
 
 Following an easy trail leading somewhat southeast. from 
 the lake, the collector passes through a wide ravine for about 
 a mile, and reaches a small lake or pond a few acres in extent, 
 surrounded by a woodland free from undergrowth. Here tall 
 handsome yellow pines (pinus ponderosa) abound, in whose tops 
 are seen occasional flocks of chirping crossbills, lisping cedar 
 waxwings, and other inhabitants of the woods. 
 
 West of the lake there les an extensive region of lower 
 primeval woodland alternating with bushy hillside, through 
 which the outlet of the lake dashes on its course to the prairie 
 region of the Flathead Indian Reservation, all forming an 
 ideal collecting ground, certain to repay the careful attention 
 of the ornithologist. 
 
 McDONALD LAKE. 
 
 McDonald Lake is at somewhat lower elevation than Sin- 
 yale-a-min Lake, being about 3,300 feet altitude. In area 
 it is not nearly so large, as its length measures only rather 
 more than half that of Sin-yale-a-min, and its width about 
 the same ratio in measurement. In our estimates we placed 
 the length of Sin-yale-a-min at 7,000 feet, and its width at 
 2,200 feet. Neither is McDonald Lake as deep as Sin-yale-a-min 
 Lake, the general depth of the former being about 70 feet — 
 while the deepest place in the latter is 250 feet. 
 
 McDonald Lake is evidently the bed of an ancient glacier, 
 whose resistless action can be traced by fine chisellings on 
 the sides of the jutting rocks along the lake shore. The lake 
 is fed by a smal] stream which hurries down between Mt. Mc- 
 Donald and an adjacent mountain. Along its eastern shore the 
 lake is overhung by a rugged, picturesque cliff, rising sheer 
 
—5— 
 
 two thousand feet or more, from whose crevices leap several 
 miniature waterfalls like threads of spray. Along this impend- 
 ing cliff hawks and ravens rear their young on shelving crags, 
 and the towering walls give back their harsh cries. 
 
 From the southern shore of the lake Mt. McDonald rises 
 abruptly, stretching southward in craggy outline and snow-clad 
 sides until it towers majestically into the clouds, the monarch 
 of the Mission range. 
 
 Owing to the precipitous margins of McDonald Lake, col- 
 lecting was attended with unusual difficulty and hardship. A 
 specimen only a thousand feet away up the mountain side 
 could be secured only by most arduous climbing, and even 
 then was likely to take its departure to a more inaccessible 
 station higher up the slope before the collector was within 
 gunshot. Unidentified Raptores circled near the top of the 
 cliff in perfect disregard of futile efforts to secure them. Once 
 a Townsend’s solitaire was shot, and it fell five hundred feet 
 down the cliff, entailing a half hour’s work to recover it and 
 regain the lost ground. However, to the northward of the 
 lake we found more accessible ground, in the heavy woods 
 through which the outlet of the lake threaded its way, and 
 forty-seven species was the result of our notes at this station. 
 
 FROM MT. McDONALD TO FLATHEAD LAKE. 
 
 From Lake McDonald, imprisoned at the base of Mt. Mc- 
 Donald by a small moraine, the descent to the general level 
 of the Reservation is rapid and easy, the difference being more 
 than a thousand feet. Within a mile of the lake the variation 
 in the avifauna is noticeable. 
 
 Between the base of the mountains and Flathead Lake, there 
 is a treeless valley, except such dwarf and _ water-loving 
 trees as are found along most of the Montana water-courses. 
 Scattered here and there over the plain, sometimes no farther 
 than a hundred yards apart, again separated by a mile or more, 
 are curious formations, depressions containing pools of stag- 
 nant water, often fringed by a growth of flags or coarse grass. 
 Most of these depressions become dry as the season advances, 
 though the larger ones retain a supply of water until the fall 
 or winter storms fill them and change the neighborhood into 
 spreading marsh. These pools attract the resident and migrant 
 shore and water birds, and offer a valuable collecting ground 
 for the ornithologist. The surrounding plain is inhabited by 
 
nw sae 
 
 the regular residents of the open prairies, such as the long- 
 billed curlew, western meadow lark, and species of similar 
 habits. 
 
 Traversing the open prairie of the Flathead Reservation are 
 several narrow, rapidly-coursing streams. These creeks are 
 generally fringed by a thin growth of shrubbery, with occas- 
 ional trees. At our camp on Crow Creek there were a few pines 
 of large dimensions, in striking contrast to the dwarf willows 
 and haw tree and other similar vegetation. Near the streams 
 the birds occur much more numerously than upon the barren 
 stretches at either side. There we found the catbird crooning 
 its lullaby to its helpless younglings in the bushes; the yellow 
 warbler and American redstart flitted among the foliage of the 
 smaller trees; the kingfisher plied his art beside the stream; 
 the song sparrow and the western yellow-throat frequented the 
 low coverts along the water’s edge. One of the delights of our 
 stay at the Crow Creek camp was the wealth of avian melody 
 which flooded our ears in the early morning hours. It is doubt- 
 ful whether any other place could vie with this spot in the 
 number of bird musicians in so limited an area. 
 
 The Biological Station of the Montana State University, 
 which served as the center of operations, is situated near the 
 mouth of Swan River, or Big Fork, as the stream is popularly 
 called by neighboring residents. To the west of the Station 
 building is the beautiful land-locked harbor, where the boats 
 are kept. At the right of the mouth of Swan River lies an 
 extensive low area, thickly set with tall, slender willows, sturdy 
 aspens, stately cottonwoods, pliant birches, and trees of similar 
 nature ,margined landward by remnants of the primeval ever- 
 green forest. This swampy area is annually overflowed by the 
 rising waters of the lake, and throughout the summer patches 
 of stagnant water obstruct the passage of the adventurous col- 
 lector. Among the dense willows the twilight gloom of the 
 forest ever prevails, yet such uninviting surroundings form 
 an ideal home for the vireos, American redstart, olive-backed and 
 willow thrushes, yellow warbler, and other denizens of the 
 wooded swamps. A generous portion of this region shows the 
 effect of the rancher’s axe, in the extensive growth of bushes and 
 young evergreens that have quickly sprung up to hide the rava- 
 ges of the lumberman; here are seen and heard the beautiful ev- 
 ening and black-headed grosbeaks, the energetic Wright’s and 
 Traill’s flycatchers, the gamesome ruffed grouse, and numerous 
 frequenters of the bush. 
 
 Up the river from the Station are bushy and wooded pas- 
 
—]— 
 
 tures. In the tops of the lofty pines growing there, flit merry 
 troops of pine siskins, and animated Audubon’s warblers; 
 Louisiana tanagers flash among the foliage, and utter their 
 charming carols; rufous and calliope hummers visit the clus- 
 tering honeysuckles; Macgillivray’s warblers and lazuli bunt- 
 ings chant among the lower shrubbery; Lewis’s and other wood- 
 peckers forage from the tree-trunks; and as the ornithologist 
 climbs the rocky crests of the foot-hills beyond, he enters the 
 summer home of the junco and Richardson’s grouse. 
 
 Across the river from the Station, east of the mouth of 
 the dashing current, are the Kalispell Club grounds, situated 
 at the terminus of the Mission Mountains, and enclosed by 
 extensive areas of the primeval forest. In these wooded regions 
 the resounding.tappings of the lordly pileated woodpeckers pro- 
 claim their presence; the milder though sturdy strokes of 
 the three-toed woodpeckers can be heard; troops of capricious 
 crossbills give animation ‘to the highest foliage; the western 
 wood pewee calls querulously from his bare perch in some 
 lightning-slain forest monarch; here representatives of the 
 warblers, the thrushes, the vireos, the hummingbirds, the 
 tanagers, and indeed, of all the feathered residents of the region, 
 find ample shelter and food, and consequently their days are 
 spent in melody and animation. 
 
 The lake itself is worthy of separate mention, as a field for 
 the attention of the ornithologist. Over its clear depth the 
 American ospreys wheel and soar, ever and anon uttering their 
 shrill whistles, and dipping into the water for their finny prey. 
 Along its occasional sandy beaches flit the interesting sand- 
 pipers, and over its wooded shores flap the unsocial ravens. 
 In suitable hollow tree-trunks families of golden-eyes are 
 reared, perhaps under the shadow of the platform occupied 
 by the osprey, a landmark for the adjacent shore. In the 
 willows of the submerged margins noisy kingbirds rear their 
 broods, and on projecting branches of deadened timber king- 
 fishers sit watching for their prey. 
 
 In the vicinity of the Station there are several centers of 
 avian activity which well repay the investigations of the bird 
 student. Along the road leading southward from the river 
 bridge, lies a small vale enclosing a stagnant pond called 
 Daphnia Pond on account of the large numbers of daphnia 
 pulex in it, among whose fringing rushes the western yellow- 
 throat, the mountain song sparrow, the sora, red-winged black- 
 bird, catbird, and other species find convenient retreat. To the 
 eastward of the road and pond lie several rocky crests and 
 
eae 
 
 ravines, well covered with bushy vegetation, harboring many 
 excellent “finds” attractive to the oologist. Continuing along: 
 the road to the southward, the collector finds a beautiful 
 pond encircled by unbroken forest. This sheet of water is 
 known. as Estey’s Pond, and along its wooded borders the birds 
 sing and thrive. In the darkened woodlands western 
 horned owls pass the day in meditative silence; over the open 
 area tree swallows ply to and fro in quest of hovering insects. 
 Golden-shafted flickers tenant the decayed boles of the over- 
 flowed margins; indeed, on every hand are seen signs of avian 
 activity, and the air is vibrant with wildwood melody. 
 
 It is scarcely necessary to add that the abundance of food 
 throughout the region under consideration is a predominating 
 factor in the presence and distribution of the recorded bird- 
 life. The damp and decaying vegetation of the swampy area 
 at the mouth of the river teems with such insect food as is most 
 attractive to the warblers and vireos. The cleared and burnt 
 patches abound with wild gooseberries, haws, elder, strawberries, 
 raspberries, and the foods which are favorites of the chiefly 
 frugivorous species. ‘The lake shore and the hillsides are clad 
 with wild honeysuckle, or snowberry, among which dart hum- 
 mingbirds on whirring wings; and in the waste spots of bushy 
 areas stand the giant hyssop and other seed-producing plants, 
 a ready larder for the pine siskins, sparrows, and related 
 Fringilline species. In few localities has Mother Nature pro- 
 vided so liberally for her wildwood children, and the region 
 is accordingly populous both in number of species and in in- 
 dividuals. 
 
ological Totes from flathead Lake 
 
 The following notes are based upon observations beginning 
 June 14, 1900, and ending July 5, a period when many of the 
 regular nesting birds of the region had concluded their nidifica- 
 tion and family-rearing for the season; hence it will be under- 
 stood that the notes are far from complete as a list of the 
 birds breeding near the head of the extensive lake where the 
 observations were made. Furthermore, the unusually early op- 
 ening of the vernal season rendered the period mentioned cor- 
 respondingly late for full records upon nidification; and it is 
 but justice to the collector to state that in no case was any 
 effort made to examine the tops of tall trees, with which the 
 region under consideration abounds, and which were tenanted 
 by many families of birds. 
 
 WESTERN ROBIN, Merula migratoria propinqua Ridgw. 
 
 The western robin is one of the representative breeding birds 
 of the Flathead region. Though this species begins nidification 
 quite early in the season, its habit of rearing more than one 
 brood prolongs its family cares into the nesting period of many 
 of the later breeders; consequently nests were found through- 
 out June, containing eggs in various stages of advancement in 
 incubation. The site is usually low, generally ranging between 
 six and ten feet from the ground, and most frequently situ- 
 ated in an upright crotch. The foundation of the nest is com- 
 monly made of fine leaves or coarse grasses, upon which are 
 constructed the mud walls characteristic of the robin and some 
 of the other thrushes. The cavity ranges between three and 
 four inches in diameter, and is generally less than two inches 
 deep, being warmly bedded with soft dried grass, the upper rim 
 of the walls being usually bare within. Four eggs, of a green- 
 ish-blue color, constitute the usual complement. Haw trees 
 are selected most frequently for the location of the nests. 
 
A 9g eel 
 
 OLIVE-BACKED THRUSH, TYurdus ustulatus swainsoni 
 (Cab.) 
 
 In number of individuals, in the frequency of its melody, 
 and in its adaptation to the sombre surroundings of the lake 
 region, the olive-backed thrush is the typical breeding species 
 of the lake shore. Belonging to a more northern habitat, it 
 has been attracted by the evident conveniences of our Mon- 
 tana summer resort, and great numbers of representatives of 
 the species rear their families in the firs and other trees of the 
 Station neighborhood. Unlike most of the recorded breeding 
 species, however, it was only entering the period of nidifica- 
 tion at the time of these observations, the nests found during 
 the first few days being either recently completed and not yet 
 occupied, or having only the beginning of the regular comple- 
 ments. 
 
 The opening of the nesting season for this species seems to 
 be quite uniform in the Flathead region, for nests examined the 
 same day showed remarkably equal progress in development 
 with others. Most of the nests found on June 14 and 15 con- 
 tained either one or two eggs, or else gave evidence of having 
 been just completed and not yet regularly occupied. It was 
 not until June 17 that a nest was examined containing a full 
 complement. 
 
 The olive-backed thrush is one of the low builders. Of 
 twenty nests, none was over ten feet from the ground; two of 
 the twenty were placed at the foregoing limit, two were nine 
 feet from the ground, three at eight feet, three at seven feet. 
 four at about six feet, and the remainder three and one-fourth 
 feet and six feet from the ground. The average site is a trifle 
 over six and one-half feet from the ground. Distances were 
 carefully measured with a two-foot rule. 
 
 The favored site of nests in fir trees was against the main 
 stem, at the base of one or more horizontal branches, and at a 
 point about three-fourths the height of the tree. In one in- 
 stance the nest was placed on a horizontal branch of a fir 
 tree about two feet from the main stem, at a place probably 
 measuring two-thirds the length of the branch from the trunk. 
 The nest nearest the ground was found in a triple crotch of 
 willow growing upright in a slender sprout. Another nest 
 was found made in an upright crotch of an oblique portion of a 
 dead, bent sapling bare of leaves. A syringa bush growing 
 beside a path where anglers were frequently passing was chosen 
 in one instance, and the nest placed in an upright crotch among 
 
Abe oS ee 
 
 nearly perpendicular stems. In another instance the chosen 
 site was in a larger fir, about ten feet from the ground, on a 
 horizontal branch four feet from the trunk. 
 
 The nest generally measures from three to three and one- 
 half inches in height, and about four inches in diameter, out- 
 side measurements, though the structure is somewhat elliptical 
 in outline. he cavity averages two and three-fourths inches 
 by two and one-fourth inches, major and minor axes, and more 
 than one and one-half inches in depth. It is founded on loose 
 coarse grasses, the walls being made of dried grasses, green 
 lichens, and fine weed-stems. The lining is generally fine 
 grass, horsehair, and scanty amount of moss. Frequently a 
 nest is found having fine bark as part of the wall materials, 
 and occasional nests are noted without moss or lichen either 
 in walls or lining. 
 
 The eggs of this thrush present noticeable variations in their 
 markings. The ground color is a light greenish-blue, which 
 in some eggs seems to be quite pale because of the lack of 
 other marks. In other eggs the ground color is almost ob- 
 scured by the number and size of the blotches of pale reddish 
 brown. On some eggs the marks are mere specks; on others the 
 markings are bold blotches of color. The distribution of the 
 marks is very irregular, there being no uniformity in this re- 
 spect. 
 
 The nest complement may be either four or three eggs. Of 
 seventeen nests examined containing full sets, ten contained 
 four eggs and the remainder contained three; hence it seems 
 that in this region nests with four eggs are found more fre- 
 quently among first sets than with only three. 
 
 The open habits in nidification of the olive-backed thrush are 
 seemingly at variance with its shy, secretive disposition. In 
 many instances the nests were quite unconcealed, being con- 
 structed in exposed crotches beside paths and roads, almost 
 within reach of the passing traveler. Furthermore, the sit- 
 ting bird will linger with her charge until the disturber has 
 approached to less than arm’s length. Having flitted from 
 the nest, however, the bird will disappear in the shrubbery 
 and remain hidden in silence, though sometimes she manifests 
 her uneasiness by chirping mournfully from her covert. 
 
 Nests of this thrush were found in all the localities men- 
 tioned in the opening paragraphs of this paper. The favored 
 localities, however, appeared to be the swampy area at the 
 right of the mouth of Swan River, and the wooded, bushy 
 lot across the road from the Station grounds. It is 
 
probable that extended examination of the woods around 
 Estey’s Pond, and the woods between it and the Station, would 
 show numbers of these birds as making their habitations in 
 the places suggested. A nest with full complement of eggs is 
 shown in Plate III. figure 1. 
 
 WILLOW THRUSH, Turdus fuscescens salicicola (Ridgw.) 
 
 It appears that the willow thrush is not abundant in 
 the Flathead region during the nesting season. One nest 
 was taken, but diligent search in the vicinity of the site, and in 
 favorable localities failed to reveal another nest, or even another 
 specimen of this subspecies. 
 
 The nest was found on the morning of June 29. It was sit- 
 uated among the stems of a clump of willow saplings, and its 
 exposed position indicated that there had been little or no in- 
 stinct of concealment in the selection of the site. The sitting 
 bird was startled from the nest, though not until the observer 
 was within six feet of her. As there were then only three 
 eggs in the nest, and the full complement was extremely de- 
 sirable, the nest was left undisturbed. The female mean- 
 while, had flitted to adjacent shrubbery, and occasionally ap- 
 peared momentarily to take a look at the movements 
 of her disturber, quickly flitting back from sight. 
 
 Visiting the place on the next morning, June 30, I found 
 the nest as I had left it on the preceding day, with only its 
 three eggs. The female at this time was less disposed to show 
 herself beyond the covert, but at length I was able to secure her 
 for positive identification. 
 
 The nest was built upon the ground, being exposed on all 
 sides for its full height, which was three and one-half inches 
 in situ. It was founded on coarse grass stems, which also 
 formed an external wall for most of its height. The main walls 
 are constructed of strips of fibrous bark, weed-stems, and por- 
 tions of delicate dried leaves. The fabric is lined with soft 
 bark and fine grasses, all of a dark brownish color. The rim 
 cavity is elliptical, its axes being two and three-fourths inches 
 and two and three-eighths inches. The cavity is two inches 
 deep. The three eggs were far advanced in incubation. One of 
 the eggs is greenish blue, unmarked; the others have faint 
 specks of pale brownish color, barely definable, upon the green- 
 ish blue ground. 
 
 The nest of the willow thrush was taken in the bushy re- 
 
—1I3— 
 
 gion of the swampy area at the right of Swan River. The 
 location seems ideal for this swamp-loving songster to be 
 found commonly, and it is likely that other nests were in the 
 field of examination, but were overlooked because of the ex- 
 tensive area and the limited time of the observer. 
 
 CATBIRD, Galeoscoptes carolinensis (Linn.) 
 
 Though not abundant, the catbird is regularly seen and 
 heard in the Flathead region in the vicinity of the Station. 
 Several pairs inhabited the shrubbery about Daphnia Pond along 
 the road leading southward from Swan River bridge, as well 
 as the bushy woods about the Kalispell Club grounds, nests 
 being noted in both these localities. On July 2, a nest of the 
 catbird was found on the Club grounds. It contained four 
 fresh eggs. Owing to the extensive distribution of this song- 
 ster and its mellenoait: characteristics, no notes were made 
 regarding it beyond its presence as a summer resident. 
 
 AMERICAN REDSTART, Setophaga ruticilla (Linn.) 
 
 The American redstart was noted in abundance as a resi- 
 dent of the swampy area ‘at the right of the mouth of Swan 
 River. So suitably adapted to the needs of this lively warbler 
 is the willow bottom mentioned, that there the redstart ap- 
 peared to be the most common warbler. Its ringing song 
 might be heard throughout the long spring days, and the flash 
 of its red and yellow might be seen as it fluttered here and 
 there in quest of its insect fare. Wherever willow or haw 
 thickets were found the redstart was certain to manifest 
 its presence by its cheerful ditty or its restless movements 
 among the vegetation in plying its vocation as a fly-catching 
 warbler. 
 
 The first nest noted was taken on June 28. The nest com- 
 plement was four eggs, far advanced in incubation. On that 
 date, four other nests of this warbler were examined, all con- 
 taining young birds recently hatched. It is likely that first 
 sets of eggs of the redstart are deposited soon after the middle 
 of June. However, on June 30 a nest was found containing 
 four eggs, rosy fresh. Young birds from the nest had mean- 
 while been seen, and it is more than lhkely that these fresh 
 eggs were second attempts at nidification. Furthermore, a 
 
nest was examined on July 3, whose complement was two eggs 
 somewhat advanced in incubation, a fact indicative of a second 
 laying at least. 
 
 All the nests of the American redstart examined by the 
 writer in the Flathead region were placed in upright crotches 
 formed by very small twigs branching from the main stem. 
 The sites varied between eight and twenty feet from the 
 ground, and were uniformly in the slender willows. 
 
 An illustration of a typical nest is given, Plate IV., Fig. 2. 
 It is a neat, closely-woven structure, made principally of soft 
 vegetable fibers, fine stems and rootlets, downy feathers, and 
 bits of delicate leaves, thatched with fragments of gossamer. 
 It stands two inches in height, with an external diameter of 
 ‘two and three-eighths inches. The cavity is one and five- 
 eighths inches in diameter, and one and three-eighths inches 
 deep. | 
 
 The usual nest complement seems to be four eggs; however, 
 a nest was mentioned containing only two eggs, well incubated. 
 The eggs are quite variable in amount of markings. The 
 ground color is white, upon which the markings of reddish 
 brown are found in irregular specks and blotches. 
 
 MACGILLIVRAY’S WARBLER, Geothlypis macgillivrayt 
 (Aud.) 
 
 Like the willow thrush, Macgillivray’s warbler appeared to be 
 less common than might be imagined from the suitable 
 environments. Only one nest was noted; however, as this nest 
 compiement was so far advanced in incubation that only one 
 of the eggs was saved for a specimen, it is likely that the 
 lateness of the season precluded the finding of other nests 
 of this elegant ground warbler. Favorable localities in the 
 neighborhood were searched repeatedly without results as de- 
 sired. 
 
 The nest mentioned was found in a grass tuft beside a 
 trail made by anglers in passing up and down Swan River. 
 It was noted on June 14, the day of the writer’s arrival at the 
 Station. The female flitted from the nest to adjacent shrub- 
 bery, acting quite indifferent regarding observation of her 
 movements. As there was no means at hand of securing her, 
 she was allowed to return to her nest for further ob- 
 
—I5— 
 
 servation. When the nest was approached later in the day, 
 however, she slipped away among neighboring stems, and gave 
 no opportunity of securing her. She succeeded in repeating the 
 trick several times the next day, but was finally taken for 
 identification. 
 
 The nest was placed in a tuft of grass growing among fallen 
 branches and sprouts. It was about eight inches from the 
 ground, probably having been raised by the growth of the 
 grass after the construction of the nest, as frequently happens 
 to nests of the yellowthroat and other birds that nestle in the 
 grass tufts. The outer wall of the nest was made of long stems 
 of dried grass; the inner of fine rootlets and horsehair. ‘lhe cav- 
 ity was two and one-fourth inches in diameter, and one and 
 seven-eighths inches in depth. There were five eggs, far ad- 
 vanced in incubation. The ground color of the eggs is white 
 with a faint creamy tinge. The markings are specks and 
 blotches of dark brown, the heavier marks being generally ar- 
 ranged around the larger end. In situation and construction 
 of nest, and in the appearance of the eggs, the home of Mac- 
 gillivray’s warbler is much like that of the yellowthroats, of 
 whom the former is a congener. 
 
 Like the other ground warblers, the warbler under consider- 
 ation spends most of its time among the shrubbery, and in 
 its movements it is much shyer than the western yellowthroat. 
 In the nuptial season, however, the male frequently takes a 
 favorite position in the summit of one of the less lofty trees 
 of the neighborhood, and there utters at frequent intervals a 
 pretty though short and unvaried ditty, likely to be inter- 
 rupted by the approach of any meddlesome ornithologist, as 
 the performer then generally flits to a less prominent place of 
 recital. 
 
 AUDUBON’S WARBLER, Dendroica auduboni (Towns.) 
 
 Away from the willow swamps, in the coniferous trees of the 
 higher woods, Audubon’s warbler is the most abundant repre- 
 sentative of its family in the Flathead region. Among the 
 firs, with pine siskins chattering in the lofty summits, Audu- 
 bon’s warbler flits in the middle and lower stories, chanting 
 its joyous measures, sporting with its fellows, or attending to 
 the cares of its family ensconced in a tuft of the fir branch. 
 Upon our arrival at the Station, this warbler was quite notice- 
 able in the animated life among the higher trees, and our first 
 
ag 
 
 day’s collection included several males of this beautiful species. ° 
 At that early date for warbler nidification, a pair was ob- 
 serve diligently caring for the wants of their young in a nest 
 in a large pine, far out toward the extremity of a long horizontal 
 branch; and as late as July 2 a nest was found containing young 
 birds recently hatched. 
 
 The finding of the first nest with eggs of this interesting 
 warbler was an event which I recall with pleasure. Like many 
 good finds of the collector, it was by the rarest fortune that 
 this one habitation of Dendroica audubont was taken, for 
 though the swampy area was thoroughly searched, no other 
 nest of this species rewarded our eager quest; however, another 
 nest with young birds was found in a different locality several 
 days later. | 
 
 On June 27, while hunting for soras in a small grassy open- 
 ing in the swamp, my attention was attracted by the peculiar 
 chirping of a pair of western evening grosbeaks flying overhead. 
 Noticing that they flew rapidly in one direction, I thought 
 perhaps there was a nest in their line of flight, or that. their 
 objective point might be their nesting place, a desideratum 
 far too valuable to be neglected. Entering the thick growth 
 of slender willows enclosing the grassy slough, I had proceeded 
 but a few steps when I espied a small grayish mass up in a 
 crotch of one of the willow stems. Without being certain that it 
 was a nest, I shook the stem, when a sitting bird flew downward 
 obliquely and was rapidly making away among the bases ot 
 surrounding trees as I caught her by a fortunate shot. The 
 prize proved to be a female of Dendroica auduboni, and I was 
 not long in ascending to the nest and securing it, with its five 
 fresh eggs. It is needless to add that 1 was not rewarded so 
 happily in my quest for the nest of the grosbeaks. 
 
 The nest under consideration was eighteen feet from the 
 ground, in a crotch of the main stem of the tree, so situated that 
 it was quite exposed to view, there being no foliage for many 
 feet above. In the gloom of the willow swamp, however, the 
 nest was scarcely distinguishable to an observer on the ground. 
 Tt appeared that the nest was rather accidental in location, for 
 generally this warbler seemed to prefer the tufts on horizontal 
 branches of the firs and pines. 
 
 The nest shown in Plate XIII., is two and one-fourth inches 
 in height, and three inches in diameter. The cavity averages 
 one and seven-eighths inches in diameter, and is one and three- 
 fourths inches deep. The structure is strongly made of dried 
 weed stems, vegetable fibres, and soft grasses, with feathers 
 
—i17— 
 
 and horsehair worked into the inner portion of the wall for 
 lining. The eggs are grayish white, with specks and blotches of 
 blackish brown principally at the larger end. 
 
 As stated in a preceding paragraph, an extended search of 
 the locality between the mouth of Swan River and the site 
 of the nest, a region about a half mile in length, failed to reveal 
 a second nest of this warbler. It seemed to the collector that 
 every tree in the willow tract was closely scanned, but without 
 results; hence the reason for the statement that this nesting 
 seemed to be accidental or unusual. On July 2 a nest of 
 Audubon’s warbler was found along the lake, upon a 
 rocky ridge which precipitously faced the water. It was in 
 a medium-sized fir tree near the shore, and was about twenty 
 feet from the ground, the site being five feet from the trunk, 
 near the end of a branch. Both parent birds were industriously 
 feeding the young birds in the nest. 
 
 YELLOW WARBLER, Dendroica aestiva (Gmel.) 
 
 The yellow warbler is a common summer resident in the 
 Flathead region, though outnumbered by the American red- 
 start in the willow swamps and by Audubon’s warbler in the 
 upland localities. The wide distribution of this warbler, and 
 its preference for younger vegetation in selecting sites for its 
 nest, give it more extended acquaintance than can be claimed 
 for most of the other warblers. The predominance of the 
 clear yellow in its attire makes this beautiful “yellow-bird” 
 an attractive mark for the eye of the observer, and its vibrant 
 chant causes the groves to ring with melody in the mating and 
 nesting season; thus striking color, noticeable sng, and neigh- 
 borly manners add to the popularity of the so-called “wild 
 canary’, and serve to make it the best known representative 
 _ of its family. 
 
 The accompanying illustration, Plate XV., is of a nest of the 
 yellow warbler taken on June 18. It was made in an upright 
 crotch ten feet from the ground in a clump of syringa which 
 grew on the margin of Swan River near the end of the bridge. 
 As can be seen in the figure, the nest materials are woven 
 around the oblique twigs forming the site. It is a thickly felted 
 structure, measuring two and three-fourths inches in height 
 and in diameter, the cavity being one and seven-eighths inches 
 in diameter and one and one-half inches deep. 
 
 The nest is made principally of fine grasses, with which are 
 
rhe 
 
 woven grayish downy materials, fibres of weed bark, and bits of 
 gossamer, with a lining of horsehair. This nest is almost gray 
 on its exterior surface from the amount of gossamer and 
 bleached vegetable fibers. It contained five fresh eggs. They 
 have a grayish white ground, variously flecked with pale brown. 
 Generally the dots are gathered into an imperfect wreath 
 around the larger end of the egg. 
 
 One of the handsomest nests of this warbler ever examined 
 by the writer was noted in a haw tree near the point of land 
 at the mouth of Swan River on the western side. ‘This nest 
 was lined throughout with white down of vegetable growth, giv- 
 ing the inner wall of the structure the appearance of the ma- 
 terial in a lady’s white slipper. As the nest contained young 
 birds at the time it was found, it was left for further use of 
 the owner; but when the place was re-visited about a month 
 later, to secure the nest, it could not be found, having been 
 destroyed while laborers were grubbing in that locality. 
 
 In this connection it will not be amiss to mention two nests 
 of this warbler found late in the fall in another region. Both 
 had evidently served their purpose as homes for families of 
 young warblers; but under the soft texture of the base each 
 of the nests had two eggs of the cowbird snugly covered. It 
 was apparent that when the nests were finished, the cowbird 
 had appropriated the snug cots before the owners had taken 
 permanent possession, and had left their eggs for the care of 
 the warblers. ‘The warblers, however, being apparently un- 
 willing to take upon themselves the care of the cowbird off- 
 spring, had immediately placed additional material upon the 
 eggs of the parasite, thus defeating the aim of the cowbird, 
 and relieving themselves of unwelcome inmates in their home. 
 Such action of the yellow warbler, to avoid the care of the young 
 cowbirds, is by no means uncommon. 
 
 Following the preceding paragraph, it will be in place to 
 state that in no instance was evidence of the cowbird found in 
 the Flathead region as one of the breeding residents. Nests 
 of vireos, sparrows, warblers, and other species were exam- 
 ined, whose homes are generally imposed upon by the parasite, 
 but no nest was found containing an egg of the cowbird. It 
 seems unusual that such should be the case; it would be far 
 stranger that the cowbird should be uncommon in this region 
 in the nesting season. 
 
—19— 
 WARBLING VIREO, Vireo gilvus (Vieill.) 
 
 The warbling vireo appeared to be one of the most abundant 
 species in the vicinity of the Biological Station. Every locality 
 described was enlivened by the presence and notes of this 
 charming greenlet. On the day of our arrival at the Station, 
 June 14, a nest of the warbling vireo was taken in the lot across 
 the road from the laboratory grounds. This nest was eight 
 feet from the ground, suspended in a small fork near the ex- 
 tremity of an oblique stem, and contained four eggs quite 
 advanced in incubation. The female occupied the nest when 
 it was discovered, and the male was singing in an evergreen 
 tree above the clump containing the nest. While the nest 
 was being disturbed, the female remained in the immediate 
 neighborhood, uttering ditties similar to those of the male. 
 
 On the following day, June 15, a nest of this species was 
 noted in a swampy woods at the right of Swan River. It was 
 nine feet from the ground, situated as usual in a dependent 
 fork, and contained three fresh eggs. As in the preceding 
 instance, the female was attending to her home duties, while the 
 male was singing near the nest. Indeed, the song of this 
 vireo is generally a sure index of a nest in the immediate vicin- 
 ity, during the nesting season. 
 
 Kast of the Swan River bridge and to the left of the road 
 leading thence southward, there is an extensive area of low, 
 damp woodland, which forms a very desirable home for the 
 vireos, the olive-backed thrush, and other species. A nest 
 of the warbling vireo was examined in these woods on June 18. 
 It was six feet from the ground, pendent in a fork near the 
 end of a low sprout. Four fresh eggs formed the complement, 
 upon which one of the parent birds was sitting when disturbed 
 by the collector. 
 
 Flanking the road and adjacent woods, a rocky ridge stripped 
 of tall timber by fires and overgrown with maple clumps 
 and small evergreens, invites the attention of the collector. 
 On June 20, a nest of the warbling vireo was found there, sit- 
 uated nine feet from the ground in a maple clump. It con- 
 tained four eggs advanced in incubation. 
 
 The woods around Estey’s Pond form coverts for numbers 
 of warbling vireos. While exploring the margins of this pond 
 on June 22, we took a nest of the warbling vireo from a 
 fork in bushes five and one-half feet from the ground. The 
 branch sustaining the nest overhung a trail along the pond, 
 so that anyone passing would likely brush against the nest 
 
BIG Yq ats 
 
 with his head. This nest contained four eggs advanced in in- 
 cubation. 
 
 The eastern or left bank of Swan River, from the bridge to 
 its mouth, has a well-worn trail made by fishermen. A nest 
 of the warbling vireo was noted on June 23 beside this path. 
 It was six feet from the ground, in a clump of syringa, and con- 
 tained three well-fledged young. ‘This instance and the pre- 
 ceding one illustrate a common tendency of several familiar 
 species to establish their homes along paths and trails in gen- 
 eral use, a trait mentioned in our notes concerning the nidifi- 
 cation of the olive-backed thrush. 
 
 The woods across the road from the laboratory grounds fur- 
 nished us another note for June 26. A nest of the warbling 
 vireo was found suspended as usual in a fork in a small clump 
 of maple, eight feet from the ground. This nest contained 
 four eggs, in which incubation had begun. 
 
 From the date last given until the end of our observations 
 on July 5, nests of this vireo were examined each day, but 
 at this period of the nesting season no more nests were found 
 containing eggs. The foregoing notes will suffice to show the 
 general location of the nest-site and the usual nest com- 
 plement. 
 
 Plate XII. shows an illustration of a typical nest of this 
 species. 
 
 The nest figured in the illustration is an unusually handsome 
 structure, having its exterior covered loosely with fragments of 
 gossamer and bits of soft birch bark, besides showing the 
 shreds of wasp paper woven into the outer wall. The walls are 
 made of fine grass fibers resembling delicate pine shavings. An 
 examination of the illustration will show the manner in which 
 the nest is suspended by its brim. The cavity is two and one- 
 fourth inches and two inches major and minor axes of the 
 brim, the walls curving outward below the rim to give the 
 cavity a sub-spherical form. 
 
 The form of this species found in the Flathead region is 
 described under the subspecific name of Vireo gilvus swainsonii. 
 
 RED-EYED VIREO, Vireo olivaceus (Linn.) 
 
 This persistent songster is fully as abundant in the Flat- 
 head region as I have found it anywhere in its Mississippi Val- 
 ley range. Everywhere throughout the wooded localities, either 
 in the low willow areas or in the heavily timbered uplands, 
 
ee te 
 
 the song of this tireless musician can be heard in the nesting 
 season. Frequenting the treetops with other avian neighbors, 
 it frequently falls a victim when the collector is hoping to 
 obtain a more valuable specimen. In general, it haunts a 
 somewhat higher level of the woods than does the warbling 
 vireo, as its nesting sites average farther from the ground; 
 and it does not manifest the same degree of confidence in 
 human associations as is noticeable in the manners of its 
 congener last described. On the day of our arrival at the 
 Station, the red-eyed vireo was one of the commonest 
 and noisiest (noticeable in song) birds of the woods, heard 
 everywhere at .all times during the day. Owing to the fact 
 that this vireo generally chooses a higher site for its nest than 
 the warbling vireo, not so many notes were made regarding 
 its nidification. 
 
 On June 16, an apparently abandoned nest of the red-eyed 
 vireo was found in the swampy woods at the right of the 
 mouth of Swan River. It was pendent in a fork of an oblique 
 willow stem, twelve feet from the ground, and contained four 
 fresh eggs, one of which was partially destroyed, as it had a 
 large hole pecked or gnawed in its side. The damage mav 
 have been done by a squirrel or chipmunk, the latter being 
 a very active agent in the destruction of eggs of native birds. 
 
 On the afternoon of the same day, June 16, a nest of the red- 
 eyed vireo was taken in the low thicket immediately west of 
 the laboratory. This nest was nine feet from the ground, in 
 a drooping fork of a haw tree. The complement was five fresh 
 eggs. Like the structure of the warbling vireo described in 
 the preceding notes, this product of the red-eyed vireo is finished 
 exteriorly with bits of gossamer, birch bark, and flakes of wasp 
 paper. It is attached less securely to the fork, and the walls 
 are somewhat thinner. The materials are much the same, 
 though those used by the red-eyed vireo are darker and less at- 
 tractive. In interior measurements the nests are about the 
 same size. The eggs of these vireos are quite similar, having 
 a clear white ground, with specks of blackish brown irregularly 
 and sparsely scattered over the surface, frequently more numer- 
 ous at the larger end. The eggs of the red-eyed vireo average 
 slightly larger than those of the warbling vireo. 
 
 In Plate XT. a nest with a full complement of eggs is shown. 
 Compare with Plate XIT. 
 
saci by pees 
 
 CEDAR WAXWING, Ampelis cedrorum (Vieill.) 
 
 The cedar waxwing is probably abundant everywhere through- 
 out Montana. In the Flathead region it was found commonly 
 in all localities mentioned in these notes. In the vicinity of 
 the Station it finds adequate supplies of food in the haws and 
 elder berries in season. As a flycatcher, the cedar waxwing 
 is as expert as the kingbird and pewees, for from a station 
 in the top of some denuded tree, it will sally forth for long 
 distances, take its prey with expert skill, turn in air, 
 and return to its post in true flycatcher-lhke manner. Except 
 in the nesting season, the cedar waxwing manifests its social 
 disposition by flocking with others of its kind, resembling the 
 crossbill in its restless movements from one treetop to another. 
 
 My first nest of the cedar waxwing was found on a trip to 
 the Cedar Islands, at the head of McGovern’s Bay, which 
 forms the upper end of Flathead Lake. The nest was in a 
 cedar tree, near the extremity of a horizontal branch at the 
 top of the tree. The site was eighteen feet from the ground, 
 but about nine feet above a rocky ledge under the tree. The 
 structure was made entirely of the long dark green lichen 
 or moss which droops so plentifully from tamaracks and other 
 evergreen trees. The mossy material was pinned together with 
 needles from the pine tree. This nest contained five eggs, in 
 which incubation had begun, June 24. 
 
 On July 1 a nest of this species was found in the lot across 
 the road from the laboratory. It was made in the top of a low 
 fir tree, the situation being similar to that usually selected 
 by the olive-backed thrush. The nest was nine feet from the 
 ground, made among twigs against the main stem of the fir. 
 Itfurther resembled the work of the thrush in being placed upon 
 a foundation of coarse dried grasses and weed stems. The nest 
 proper, however, was constructed of lichen pinned together with 
 needles, as described in the note upon the foregoing nest. The 
 nest cavity was two and one-half by three inches, major and 
 minor axes, and two inches deep. The complement was five 
 egos, somewhat advanced in incubation. The eggs are ashy 
 gray, marked irregularly with spots of blackish brown. 
 
 TREE SWALLOW Tachycineta bicolor (Vieill.) 
 
 This beautiful swallow was found nesting abundantly in all 
 suitable regions. Estey’s Pond, whose margin was fringed with 
 
2 faa 
 
 dead trees containing cavities made by woodpeckers in preceding 
 seasons, was a favorite resort for this species. East of the 
 ridge mentioned as flanking the Helena Club grounds and 
 the road leading southward, was a depression which contained 
 many tall boles with holes inhabited by the tree swallow. The 
 islands at the head of McGovern’s Bay formed attractive resorts 
 for the tree swallow, and there we found the only nest ex- 
 amined containing eggs. The site of the nest was a cavity 
 in a large cedar tree, about twenty feet from the ground, but 
 not more than half that distance from the top of a rocky ledge 
 beside the tree. The cavity was a natural crack in the decayed 
 trunk, about a foot deep, in which a nest of soft chicken feath- 
 ers had been made. On the day of observation, June 24, there 
 was but one egg in the nest. The egg of this swallow is pure 
 white, closely resembling that of the downy woodpecker, or 
 the chimney swift. 
 
 LOUISIANA TANAGER, Piranga ludoviciana (Wils.) 
 
 The Louisiana tanager is one of the bird beauties of the 
 Northwest. The male, with his clear lemon-yellow attire, varied 
 with crimson-hued head, is a striking feature of the evergreen 
 woods. The female is not so attractively dressed, having a robe 
 of olive instead of brighter colors. In voice, also, this species 
 is worthy of unusual consideration. The male has a warble 
 quite like that of the robin, though careful discrimination may 
 note that it is uttered more hurriedly and sharply. Its usual 
 call consists of two syllables, which may be represented 
 by the word “truckee”, accented on the last syllable. 
 
 It was my fortune to find one nest of this tanager, and that 
 one contained young birds about three days old, on June 21. 
 I had been in the vicinity of the nest repeatedly on previous 
 days, but not until this occasion was my attention directed to 
 it. The fact of having young at this time led the parent 
 birds to disclose their secret by their anxiety, which had not 
 been so great when I had been near the place while the nest 
 contained eggs. The actions of other nesting birds in that 
 particular clump of woods, however, had aided to cause me to 
 everlook this tanager home on former occasions, for the 
 bushes had claimed my attention to the neglect of the trees 
 overhead. ee | 
 
 The nest of the Louisiana tanager was in the woods across 
 the road from the Station grounds. It was in a fir tree, twelve 
 
—24-— 
 
 feet from the ground, placed near the extremity of a drooping 
 horizontal branch. The style of architecture was similar to 
 that of the grosbeak, rootlets being the principal. material, 
 which were woven into a loose basket; the surrounding ma- 
 terial, however, afforded additional service in the nature of 
 nest walls. 
 
 LAZULI BUNTING, Passerina amoena (Say ) 
 
 The beautiful lazuli bunting is a bird of the bushes, clear- 
 ings or burnt areas overgrown with shrubbery being its favorite 
 resorts. In song and habits it is the counterpart of its eastern 
 congener, the indigo bunting, Passerina cyanea (Linn.) 
 Mounted in the top of a tall tree, it will chant at frequent 
 intervals its monotonous song, seemingly in happy enjoyment 
 of the sunshine. 
 
 Though the lazuli bunting is very common in the region 
 under consideration, but one nest was found; however, no 
 particular effort was made to find this one or another, chance 
 leading the collector upon it while diligently searching for the 
 nest of a less common species. It was in a growth of young 
 tamaracks on a ridge along Swan River. The ridge had been 
 fire-swept in a preceding season, and over the fallen trunks had 
 grown the tamaracks and bushes. The nest was two and one- 
 fourth feet from the ground, slightly suspended among up- 
 right stems of sprouts growing among the tamaracks. The 
 female was flushed from the nest, and while her home was 
 being despoiled she manifested considerable anxiety, flitting 
 here and there with her mate and chirping apprehensively. 
 
 The nest is figured in the accompanying illustration, Plate X. 
 It is a rounded basket-like cup made of long dried grasses and 
 weed fibers. The lining is made of fine grasses and scanty 
 horsehair. The cavity averages two and one-fourth inches in 
 diameter, and is two inches deep. The complement consisted 
 of three fresh eggs, which are pale greenish-blue in color, 
 almost white, unspotted. 
 
 BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK, Habia melanocephala (Swains) 
 
 This beautiful western congener of the rose-breasted grosbeak, 
 Habia ludoviciana (Linn.), is a common summer resident of 
 the Flathead region. Its charming song is so nearly like that of 
 
—25— 
 
 the rose-breasted grosbeak that the listener who is acquainted 
 with the latter might imagine that the eastern species had 
 wandered beyond its elm and maple groves of eastern local- 
 ities, and had taken up its residence in our western evergreen 
 woods. The lower trees and thickets are more congenial to 
 the black-headed grosbeak, haw trees being usually selected 
 for nesting sites. Like its eastern relative, it is a tireless song- 
 ster in the nesting season, everywhere proclaiming its presence 
 by its rich, mellow expressions of content. 
 
 On our first exploring trip, in the afternoon of June 14, I 
 found a nest of the black-headed grosbeak beside the road 
 leading up Swan River on the eastern side. The nest was in 
 a clump of saplings, built in a crotch twelve feet from 
 the ground, among upright stems so small that a bundle of 
 them had to be strapped together to support the weight of 
 the collector. When the nest was discovered, the male was at- 
 tending to family duty, a trait of the grosbeaks notable with 
 the rose-breasted species. The nest is made loosely of weed- 
 stems and rootlets, with a lining of fine grass stems, all hav- 
 ing a brownish color. The cavity is three inches in diameter, 
 and one and one-fourth inches deep. The nest contained four 
 eggs far advanced in incubation. They are light olive green, 
 marked irregularly with specks and blotches of pale brown, 
 usually more numerous on the larger end. One egg of this 
 set was destroyed by a gust of wind, which carried the egg 
 off a table and landed it upon a rock in the foundation of the 
 laboratory. The nest with the three remaining eggs is shown 
 in the accompanying illustration, Plate VI. 
 
 On June 19, a second nest was found in the woods at the right 
 of the mouth of Swan River. As in the preceding instance, 
 the nest was beside a road leading out upon the point at the 
 rivers mouth, though not generally used. The site was an 
 upright crotch thirteen feet from the ground in a haw, near 
 the extremity of an oblique branch. In this case the male 
 was likewise sitting upon the eggs. The nest was made like 
 the former, of brownish stems and rootlets, lined with fine 
 grass stems. There were four eggs, which were advanced in 
 incubation. This nest is also figured in an accompanying illus- 
 tration, Plate IX. 
 
sls Y pan 
 
 WESTERN CHIPPING SPARROW, Spizella socialis arizonae 
 Coues. 
 
 This familiar species was everywhere abundant, and its well- 
 known familiarity and very general distribution caused it to re- 
 ceive little attention beyond the note regarding its presence in 
 the various localities visited. Whether climbing rocky crests 
 in search of juncos or threading the bushes in quest of other 
 species, we were certain to find the omnipresent chipping spar- 
 row, generally with an insect morsel in its mouth to hand over 
 to its hungry younghings crouching in the bush. 
 
 Only one nest of the western chipping sparrow was taken, 
 the record being for June 15. It was found in a bush near 
 the edge of the woods at the right of the mouth of Swan 
 River. The site was three feet from the ground, near the 
 top of the bush. There were four eggs, in which incubation was 
 well advanced. ‘The nest is made altogether of very fine black- 
 ish rootlets, with a substantial lining of horsehair. The cavity 
 is an inch and three-fourths in diameter, and one and one-half 
 inches deep. These eggs are dingy pale green, marked prin- 
 cipally with pale rusty brown in blotches of varying size. Be- 
 sides these, there are blotches of black color irregularly found 
 as markings. 
 
 WRIGHT’S FLYCATCHER, Hmpidonaz wrighttt Baird. 
 
 Though common as one of the breeding birds of the 
 Flathead region, Wright’s flycatcher seems to limit its resi- 
 dence during the summer to a very short season, only sufficient 
 to rear its brood. Four nests of this flycatcher were taken 
 during the period under consideration in these notes, and in 
 each instance the female was taken to secure perfect identifi- 
 cation; upon our return to the Station in the first week of 
 August and during the month following, we were unable to 
 secure a specimen of Wright’s flycatcher in any of the localities 
 where they had been observed earlier in the season. How- 
 ever, this flycatcher is unusually shy under observation, gen- 
 erally managing to place itself behind friendly foliage, hence > 
 its presence could be easily overlooked. It is more than proba- 
 ble, however, that like Traill’s flveatcher, common in the 
 same localities, it takes its departure for southern climes to- 
 ward the end of July, or rather disappears from its accustomed 
 haunts about that time. 
 
mY Ba. 
 
 A nest of Wright’s flycatcher was found on June 15 in the 
 edge of the woods at the right of the mouth of Swan River. 
 It was in an upright fork five feet from the ground, in a clump 
 of maple sprouts. It contained four fresh eggs. The nest 
 stands three inches in height and three inches in diameter. 
 The cavity is one and seven-eighths inches in diameter, and one 
 and one-half inches deep. ‘The nest is constructed of grayish veg- 
 etable fibers and shreds of birch bark, with minute downy 
 feathers woven into the inner wall for lining, together with 
 fine grasses used sparingly. The eggs are pale creamy white. 
 
 The second nest was taken on June 18, on the ridge east of 
 the bridge. It was ten feet from the ground, in a crotch 
 near the top of: a maple clump, and contained five eggs ad- 
 vanced in incubation. This nest was also made of long grayish 
 vegetable fibers, the coarser ones being used externally. In the 
 inner portion of the wall were woven small downy feathers, 
 one noticeably yellow, besides cottony material which gave the 
 lining a felted appearance similar to some nests of the yellow 
 warbler, Dendroica aestiva. This nest is one and three-fourths 
 inches average diameter and one and three-fourths inches deep, 
 internal measurements. In outward dimensions it is the same 
 as in the preceding instance. 
 
 The third nest was found on the eastern side of the ridge 
 which lies east. of the Swan River bridge. It was situated in a 
 crotch four feet from the ground in a clump of maple sprouts. 
 In construction and appearance it is similar to the two nests 
 described. It contained three eggs, the set being evidently in- 
 complete, as the eggs were quite fresh, though the female 
 was sitting when the nest was discovered. The record is for 
 June 20. 
 
 The fourth nest of this flycatcher was taken on June 25, hav- 
 ing been found some days before but left for further examina- 
 tion. It was in the edge of the swampy woods at the right 
 of Swan River, eight feet from the ground in a crotch against 
 an oblique stem in the periphery of a clump of maple sprouts. 
 This nest contained four eggs, in which incubation had well 
 begun. 
 
 Thus our notes show that the average distance of these nests 
 from the ground was somewhat less than seven feet; all were 
 placed in upright forks or crotches in clumps of maple, gen- 
 erally in the periphery of the clump; all were made of grayish 
 vegetable fibers, having downy feathers woven into the inner 
 surface of the walls; and the complement generally consists 
 of four or five eggs. 
 
ey 
 
 KINGBIRD, Tyrannus tyrannus (Linn.) 
 
 The kingbird is common as a summer resident in the locali- 
 ties mentioned in these notes. It is seen most numerously 
 along the margins of the lake, in the willows whose bases are 
 submerged by the back water; there it is noisy and ubiquitous, 
 exercising its sway over its claimed domains with its usual 
 pugnacious disposition, and rearing its broods in the low trees 
 of the lakeshore. Several families were noted along the mar- 
 gin of Daphnia Pond; and because of an unusual nesting site 
 selected by a pair of kingbirds along the shore of this pond, 
 this note is made. The nest was made in a cavity in a dead, de- 
 nuded tree, the cavity being broken open so that the nest 
 was exposed to view on one side, and the sitting bird easily 
 seen as she faced the entrance or front of the cavity. As she 
 sat thus with observant eyes for passing events, the male fre- 
 quently visited her with some dainty morsel for her refresh- 
 ment. The cavity was about eighteen feet from the ground. The 
 bare stem, from which the branches had been swept by fire, 
 resembled a pole in appearance. 
 
 The kingbird in this region chooses sites much nearer the 
 ground and more exposed in situation than it does in more 
 eastern localities. On July 6, as we landed from the launch 
 that had carried us to the foot of Flathead Lake, it happened 
 that a nest of the kingbird containing young birds was in a 
 dwarf tree near our landing-place. A crowd of Indian lads as- 
 sembled to witness our landing, and some of them espied the 
 nest with its noisy young. It is needless to state that in a few 
 minutes the younglings had fallen victims to the heartless- 
 ness of the crowd, being pitched out upon the water and then 
 pelted with stones as they fluttered helplessly upon the ripples. 
 
 The dwarf trees and bushes found generally along the 
 streams of the Flathead Reservation are commonly populated by 
 the kingbird, and most of the nests are so low that they can 
 be examined without climbing or reaching. In notes made 
 later in the Reservation we find a nest in a corner of 
 a rail fence, at a point about half the height of the fence; an- 
 other in a bush by a streamside not three feet from the ground; 
 such instances are the rule and not the exception. 
 
 WESTERN NIGHTHAWK, Chordeiles virginianus henryi 
 (Cass.) 
 
 The western nighthawk is very common in the Flathead 
 
—29— 
 
 region. Its wonderful aerial evolutions at dusk, and in the 
 afternoon of cloudy days, have given it extended acquaintance, 
 hence it is more generally known than many of our avian neigh- 
 bors. Not all persons, however, who have witnessed its vola- 
 torial powers, have heard the strange sound, resembling a 
 steamer or gong whistle, which it utters sometimes as it 
 plunges downward in its flight. The rocky ledges near the 
 Station afford the nighthawk suitable nesting sites, and during 
 the day we frequently startled the drowsy birds as they sought 
 retirement after a period of activity at dusk and in the early 
 morning. | 
 
 One nest of the western nighthawk, or rather one set 
 of eggs, was found, and that was taken on the last day of our 
 collecting trip at the Station, July 5. The two eggs were on a 
 bare rock back of the store at Holt. No nest was made for 
 them. They were quite advanced in incubation. In color 
 they were stone gray, with spots of blackish brown. 
 
 RED-NAPED SAPSUCKER, Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis 
 Baird. 
 
 Most of the woodpeckers nest early, hence little attention 
 was given to their nesting habits; moreover, most of them nest 
 in sites which require strenuous climbing to reach, and as this 
 was not our purpose while making these notes, the woodpeckers 
 were generally passed with little notice. A family of red-naped 
 sapsuckers, however, had selected a site so obvious that this 
 note is given to them. It was in a dead aspen in the margin 
 of the grassy slough in the woods at the right of Swan River, 
 mentioned in an introductory paragraph. When the birds 
 were observed, they were feeding their young in the cavity, 
 the entrance being a small sub-circular hole about eight feet 
 from the level of the water, which had surrounded the foot of 
 the tree. On June 26, when the note was made, the young 
 appeared to be quite well-grown, judging by the buzzing clamor 
 they raised when the parent bird stood at the entrance with 
 food. 
 
 BLACK-BILLED CUCKOO, Coccyzus erythrophthalmus (Wils.) 
 
 While I am aware that the identification is questionable, I 
 submit the following note for what it is worth. No specimens 
 
—30-—— 
 
 of the black-billed cuckoo were taken or seen in the region around 
 Flathead, a fact which makes the note of even less value; 
 however, subsequent observation may give additional light upon 
 the question here raised regarding this species as a summer 
 resident of the Flathead region. 
 
 On July 3 the writer picked up an egg in a path through 
 the swamp-woods at the right of Swan River. In size and ap- 
 pearance, the specimen closely corresponds to the egg of the 
 black-billed cuckoo, or the western representative of the yellow- 
 billed cuckoo. It had evidently been dropped in the path, 
 and was fractured somewhat on the side on which it rested, 
 but it made a fair specimen awaiting identification. 
 
 AMERICAN OSPREY, Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (Gmel.) 
 
 The American osprey is the most noticeable bird of prey in 
 the vicinity of the Station. One of the regular noises of the 
 day was the peculiar whistle of the osprey, which has some- 
 what of a ventriloquial effect, as it seems to issue from a point 
 nearby when the author is much farther from the hearer. The 
 cry is uttered most frequently when the birds are approach- 
 ing or leaving the nest, or wheeling in the neighborhood of 
 their home. 
 
 On the bank of the river opposite to the Station, in the 
 Helena Club grounds, a pair of ospreys had established a 
 home at the top of a lofty pine stub. The site had been used 
 by ospreys in previous seasons, and was evidently a regular 
 tenement. At our advent to the neighborhood, on June 14, 
 the nest contained well-fledged young, which kept the elders 
 industriously engaged in supplying the demand for fresh meat 
 in the form of fish. We left the place on July 6, but upon our 
 return on August 6, the nest was still used as a place of re- 
 sort and as head-quarters for the parent birds in providing 
 for the wants of the dependent youngsters. The nest is shown 
 in Plate VIII. 
 
 SHARP-SHINNED HAWK, Accipiter velox (Wils.) 
 
 Owing to the retiring habits of this little Accipiter in the 
 breeding season, few notes were made upon its occurrence near 
 the Station. The thickets of the low swamp at the right of 
 Swan River doubtless formed congenial resorts for this hawk, 
 
—3I— 
 
 and as the same localities were abundantly populated by small 
 birds which the sharp-shinned hawk is known to prey upon, 
 there was little occasion for it to stir far abroad. Indeed, it is 
 unusual for this hawk to be found far from its nesting site; 
 if either of a pair is observed foraging regularly in a thicket in 
 the early breeding season, a nest is likely to be found in the 
 vicinity at the appropriate time. 
 
 A nest of the sharp-shinned hawk was taken on July 3, in 
 the swamp woods at the right of Swan River. A most admira- 
 ble site had been selected. ‘T'wo large birches grew in a clump 
 of fir trees, so that the stems of the birches and a fir formed 
 a triangle measuring about two feet on each side. The nest 
 was made on’ fir branches between the two birches, eight feet 
 from the ground, being thus exposed to view only upon one 
 side. It was a mass of small twigs fifteen inches in diameter, 
 the cavity being six inches across and one and one-half inches 
 deep. As is usually the case in the architecture of this hawk, 
 there was nothing whatever to serve as lining. The com- 
 plement was four handsomely marked eggs, well advanced in 
 incubation. 
 
 The eggs of this set are quite variable in marking, follow- 
 ing the rule with eggs of the sharp-shinned hawk. The gen- 
 eral ground color is pale bluish-white. Upon this two of the 
 eggs have their larger ends entirely covered with blotches of 
 bright umber, the thickness of the markings giving the ap- 
 pearance of one large blotch. Over the remainder of their sur- 
 faces there are scattering marks of the same color. The third 
 egg has the blotches arranged in a wreath around the smaller 
 end, forming a likeness to a band of pale umber, with scatter- 
 ing marks upon the remainder of the surface. The fourth 
 egg has the markings chiefly upon the larger end, but not so 
 solidly as in the case of the two first described; in addition, 
 the fourth egg has several prominent blotches of blackish brown, 
 seemingly upon the umber markings. Of the eggs of this 
 species, Oliver Davie says: ‘“Twhe eggs of the sharp-shinned 
 hawk, Mr. Norris states, are subject to great variation in 
 markings, and yet, as a rule, they can be identified at a glance. 
 With the exception of the sparrow hawk, they are the smallest 
 laid by any of the hawks found in North America, and among 
 the most beautiful eggs of any of the Raptores. Their ground 
 color varies from bluish-white to grayish-white, spotted, 
 blotched, speckled, streaked and clouded with light fawn color, 
 
——32—. 
 
 burnt umber, chestnut, lavendar-gray, chocolate, russet-brown | 
 and cinnamon, exhibiting an endless variety of bold and indis- — 
 tinct patterns of coloration and design.” 
 
 SPOTTED SANDPIPER, Actitis macularia (Linn.) 
 
 The spotted sandpiper was found breeding in abundance along 
 the lakeshore. Wherever there was sandy beach or gravelly 
 shore to any extent, there the spotted sandpiper could be heard 
 uttering its “peet weet”, and could be seen “teetering” in its 
 characteristic manner as it gleaned along the margin of the 
 water. The long sandy stretches between the mouth of Swan 
 River and of I"lathead River were favorite resorts of the sand- 
 pipers, and there they could be heard calling at all hours of 
 the day, and late into the evening. This shore was being 
 gradually exposed by the falling water of the lake, and the 
 great sandy flats were exactly suited to the tastes of the little 
 “‘teeter-up”’. 
 
 The first nest of the spotted sandpiper was found on June 
 18, on the sandy point at the right of the mouth of Swan 
 River. The female was flushed from the nest about dusk. The 
 site was under a bare drift log, and was made in a depression 
 three inches in diameter and one inch deep. It was made of 
 coarse weed-stems, bits of bark and rubbish. The complement. 
 was three eggs, two placed small ends together, the third 
 placed along the small ends of the other two. Incubation was 
 quite advanced in these eggs. Their ground color is a polished 
 clay, upon which are spots and blotches of dark reddish brown 
 and blackish-brown. 
 
 My notes for June 20 record a nest of this species found on 
 the wooded island below the Station, in Swan River, the island 
 afterward becoming part of the mainland as the water of the 
 river receded into its narrow channel. The nest was made 
 in the open sand, though under trees, about ten feet from 
 the water. It was three inches in diameter, and one and one- 
 half inches deep, made of refuse rubbish banked around the 
 depression in the sand. There were four fresh eggs 
 placed small ends together and downwards, almost half buried 
 in the loose materials of the structure. 
 
 A third set of eggs of the spotted sandpiper was taken on 
 June 25, on the same sandy point mentioned in the former 
 instance. The nest was in a little clump of sprouts, about 
 twenty feet from the water, and well concealed on all sides. 
 
It was three inches across, one and one-fourth inches deep, 
 and was made of pieces of dried weed-stems and rubbish. There 
 were three eggs, in which incubation had begun. 
 
 On June 27, a nest of the spotted sandpiper was found on 
 the sandy beach at a point near the mouth of Flathead River. 
 It was in a willow bush about twenty feet from the water, made 
 of drift rubbish, measurements as in the preceding instance. 
 This nest contained four fresh eggs. 
 
 A set of eggs is shown in Plate XIV. 
 
 Supplementary Motes, 1901 
 
 Fourteen nests of olive-backed thrush, Turdus ustulatus 
 swainsonii, were examined in the region under consideration, in 
 1901. Of these, the highest site was eight feet, the lowest 
 three and one-half feet, the average being six and one-half 
 feet from the ground. Ten of these nests contained four eggs 
 or young as the complement, and of the remainder, two held 
 three fresh eggs, which might constitute incomplete sets. Nine 
 of these nests were in upright crotches, of which eight were 
 in maple saplings and one in a birch; the other nests were in 
 firs, on horizontal branches beside the main stem. The first 
 was found June 18, with fresh eggs; the last one contained 
 eggs quite advanced in incubation, July 5. 
 
 A nest of the willow thrush, T'urdus fuscescens salicicola, 
 was found in the swamp-woods bordering the Jocko River at 
 Selish, on June 16. It was made on a heap of dried and decayed 
 leaves on fallen branches, one foot from the ground. The 
 nest was similar in construction to that described on page 12. 
 It contained four eggs, incubation well advanced. From the 
 frequent notes heard, it seems that this species is more com- 
 mon than we supposed from our observations in the preceding 
 season. 
 
 A nest of the American dipper, Cinclus mexicanus, was taken 
 at Lake McDonald, from a shelf of rock about four feet above 
 the water of the lake shore. It was constructed entirely of 
 green moss, and was situated in an angle of the rock, the 
 site giving it an ellipsoidal form. It was nine and one-half 
 inches long, and seven and one-half inches high, with a width of 
 seven inches from front to back. The entrance was a sub-cir- 
 cular hole three inches in diameter, near the middle of the 
 
met ai et 
 
 front side immediately above the floor. The walls varied from 
 one to two inches in thickness, forming a neat spherical cavity 
 as yet unoccupied, June 24. 
 
 A nest of Wilson’s warbler, Sylvania pusilla (Wils.), was 
 taken on June 24, in the vicinity of McDonald Lake. It was 
 found under the projecting shelter of a moss-covered, decayed 
 prostrate log in a dense arbor-vitae swamp-woods. The brim 
 was flush with the surroundings in decayed leaves, moss, and 
 punk. The walls were made of coarse weed fibers, and the 
 lining was a scanty layer of reddish-brown fibers and horse- 
 hair. The cavity measured two inches in diameter, and one 
 and one-fourth inches in depth. ‘There were four eggs, incuba- 
 tion quite advanced, and one egg was broken in blowing. The 
 female was startled from her cozy home as I stepped over the 
 log almost over the nest. In size and appearance, the eggs 
 closely resemble those of the chickadee, having a whitish ground 
 irregularly marked with fine specks of thin reddish-brown, the 
 markings being thickest at the larger end. 
 
 On June 29, a nest of western yellowthroat, Geothlypis trichas 
 occidentalis Brewst., was taken on a mountain-side near Flat- 
 head Lake, at an elevation of 5,000 feet. It was in the base 
 of a low bush, eight inches from the ground. It was made 
 entirely of coarse weed-stems, with a lining of horsehair. The 
 cavity was one and five-eighths inches across, and one and 
 three-eighths inches deep. There were four fresh eggs, which 
 had a pinkish white ground, with irregular dots and blotches 
 of thin reddish-brown. Besides this nest, several others of the 
 year were found, one in Daphnia Pond in a tuft of rushes 
 being made of coarse rush blades, with a scanty layer of fine 
 stems for lining. 
 
 Macgillivray’s warbler was noted more frequently than in 
 1900, though no nests with eggs were taken. On June 30, a 
 nest of this warbler was found in the base of a low bush in the 
 woods near Flathead Lake. It was eight inches from the 
 eround, made of coarse dried grasses and lined with horsehair. 
 The cavity was two and one-fourth inches in diameter, and 
 one and three-fourths inches in depth. I accidentally brushed 
 against the nest, which was filled with fledglings about ready 
 to fly, and they fluttered out quickly into the adjacent. bushes, 
 entailing a great degree of chirping by the parents to collect 
 the scattered younglings. 
 
 This year we were more fortunate in our search for the home 
 
saeco renin 
 
 of the junco.. A nest of Shufeldt’s junco was found on July 
 9, in the woods near the base of MacDougal Peak. It was on 
 the side of a small moss-covered mound, which had been formed 
 by the uprooting of a tree in other years. The nest 
 was in a recess, and was made of coarse weed-stems 
 and lined with fine light grasses. It was four inches across and 
 two inches high after removal from the site. The cavity meas- 
 ured two and one-half inches in diameter, and one and one- 
 fourth inches in depth. Its complement was four fresh eggs, 
 which were greenish-white, marked with reddish-brown, the 
 larger end as usual having the greater amount of markings. 
 
 While at Sin-yale-a-min Lake, a number of used nests were 
 examined, the work of the black-headed jay, cyanocitta stelleri 
 annectens (Baird). They were found in small firs, invariably 
 along the streams, and generally about twelve feet from the 
 ground, on horizontal branches beside the main stem. The 
 chosen site was usually about three-fourths the height of the 
 tree. They were made of an outer framework of coarse twigs, 
 and were about eight inches across in exterior measurement, 
 and five inches high. The outer wall was made of muddy moss 
 and coarse stems, the lining being of coarse brown rootlets. The 
 cavity averaged four and three-fourths inches in diameter, and 
 three inches deep. 
 
 On June 28, I found a nest ef the’ black-headed jay near a 
 bridge over a small stream where we stopped for lunch. The 
 nest was eighteen feet from the ground, in a stout upright fork 
 of the main stem, which leaned over the water. It was made 
 as described in the foregoing paragraph, having an outer frame- 
 work of coarse twigs, walls of mud about a half-inch thick, an 
 inner wall of coarse black rootlets, and a bedding of finer 
 rootlets. There were four eggs, on which the female was sit- 
 ting. She was secured for identification, and later, when the 
 male came near, with a mouthful of grasshoppers, he was also 
 taken. The eggs were quite advanced in incubation. They 
 were light green in color, irregularly spotted with dark-brown. 
 About twenty feet from the tree containing this nest. was an- 
 other with an old nest similar in construction, situated in a 
 small fir as previously described. It is hkely that the nest 
 with eggs was a second nesting of this pair of jays; if such 
 is the case, it will account for the late date of nidification, as 
 the usual season of this jay had apparently closed in the neigh- 
 borhood. 
 
WG oe 
 
 While passing through St. Ignatius, on the Reservation, our 
 attention was attracted by the Arkansas kingbird, Tyrannus 
 verticallis Say, and a nest was found in a corral, on the groove 
 of a windlass, beside one of the uprights. It was about twelve 
 feet from the ground, and was made of soft fibers, stems, and 
 cordage. It contained three eggs, in which incubation had _ 
 begun. The eggs of the Arkansas kingbird closely resemble 
 those of the kingbird, being cream-white with irregular spots 
 of reddish-brown. 
 
 Conclusion 
 
 If the foregoing were intended to be a list of the breeding 
 birds of the Flathead region, there are many notes which might 
 be incorporated in this report. However, it is intended simply 
 as a record of what was done in the period mentioned; hence 
 every note stands for a nest or specimen actually seen. On 
 June 18, a brood of young ducks was led to the water by the 
 parents, American golden-eye, Glaucionetta clangula americana 
 Bonap., from a hole in a cottonwood near the boat-house on 
 the Helena Club grounds. The parent birds were observed 
 visiting and leaving the hole by younger members of our 
 party, and upon their reporting the matter to me, we went to 
 the place, to find that the family had taken to the water and 
 doubtless forever abandoned their woody cell. On another oc- 
 casion, when a pleasure party was spending a day near the 
 bridge, one of the boys discovered a nest of a hummingbird, 
 doubtless the rufous hummingbird, Selasphorus rufus Gmel., as 
 it was taken from bushes overhanging the bank of Swan River. 
 Before it was brought to my notice, the two eggs were lost and 
 the nest destroyed. These instances are mentioned to show 
 that no attempt has been made to prolong this list beyond the 
 actual observation of the collector, nor was it the intention to 
 secure a lengthy list. As a record of private collecting, it is 
 given here in the desire to contribute to a more general dis- 
 tribution of the natural history data of the state. 
 
Vist of Birds of the Flathead Dake Region 
 
 List of birds, with notes on their habits and distribution, ob- 
 served in the Mission Mountains, the Mission Valley, and at 
 Flathead Lake. The list comprises the birds seen from June 5 
 to August 29, 1900. Skins of most of the species here men- 
 tioned are deposited in the museum of the University. The 
 numbers correspond to the A. O. U. check list. 
 
 4. AMERICAN EARED GREBE, Colymbus nigricollis cali- 
 fornicus (Fleerm.) 
 
 On June 20, 1901, a brood of American eared grebe was 
 seen on Sin-yale-a-min Lake. There were nine or ten speci- 
 mens in the family, and three were taken. The brood had 
 evidently been reared on the lake, as the youngsters were in- 
 capable of extended flight, though they were in full plumage. 
 A specimen was taken later at Mud Lake, near Flathead. 
 
 6. PIED-BILLED GREBE, Podilymbus podiceps (Linn.) 
 
 Not common at the northern end of Flathead Lake. One 
 specimen noted on the eastern shore, below the mouth of Swan 
 River. 
 
 7%. LOON, Urinator wmber (Gunn.) 
 
 Common on Flathead Lake, singly and in pairs. Also 
 common on Swan Lake, where its clear Jaughing calls resound 
 far over the little valley enclosing the lake. Not noted at Mc- 
 Donald Lake. 
 
 It is not likely that the Loon is more than a summer visitant 
 to Sin-yale-a-min Lake. This sheet of water is a desirable 
 stopping place for passing birds at nightfall. A pair of loons 
 spent one night at the lake during our visit, and an effort was 
 made to secure a specimen the next morning, but without 
 success. 
 
—358— 
 
 11. RED-THROATED LOON, Urinator lumme (Gunn.) 
 
 A female of this species was taken at Mud Lake, near Flat- 
 head, on July 15,1901. It was alone, though several American 
 mergansers were near it. 
 
 49. WESTERN GULL, Larus occidentalis Aud. 
 
 A common visitor at the northern end of Flathead Lake. A 
 specimen was taken on Aug. 29, at the sand-bar near the mouth 
 of Hlathead River. associating with Larus delawarensis and 
 Sterna forstert. 
 
 54. RING-BILLED GULL, Larus delawarensis Ord. 
 
 A regular visitor to the upper end of Flathead Lake, appear- 
 ing in pairs and flocks of eight to twenty, generally after bois- 
 terous days on the lake. It manifests unusual curiosity, 
 as a poat or launch will attract it to hover about, often to its 
 harm. Specimens were frequently taken, Aug. 23, 24, and fol- 
 lowing dates. 
 
 69. FORSTER’S TERN, Sterna forster1 Nutt. 
 
 Irregular visitor to the northern end of Flathead Lake. On 
 Aug. 23, a specimen was taken near the mouth of Swan River, 
 from a small flock that flitted capriciously over the water. 
 
 129. AMERICAN MERGANSER, Aferganser americanus 
 (Cass.) 
 
 On Aug. 23, a flock of six or eight mergansers appeared in: 
 the bay immediately west of the station, near the boat landing. 
 A specimen was taken from this flock on Aug. 24, and there- 
 utter this fishing duck was regularly noted. When one of the 
 flock succeeded in capturing a fish, the others would pursue the 
 successful fisher, and a playful scuffle for possession of the prey 
 would ensue, in which the victim was generally dismembered 
 by the harsh teeth ci the captors. 
 
 131. THOODED MERGANSER; Lophodytes cucullatus (Linn.) 
 
 On July 15, 1901, a female hooded merganser was taken 
 
at Mud Lake. This was the only specimen noted, though this 
 merganser is common in this region as a regular resident. 
 
 132. MALLARD, Anas boschas Linn. 
 
 This fine duck is a common migrant at the upper end of 
 Vlathead Lake, appearing in flocks there as elsewhere. A spec- 
 imen was taken on Aug. 24. Numbers were noted at the right 
 of the mouth of Flathead River, where a small cove offered ne 
 convenient anchorage. It often breeds in the neighborhood. 
 
 139. GREEN-WINGED THAL, Anas carolinensis Gmel- 
 
 A flock of green-winged teal appeared on Daphnia Pond 
 about the middle of August, and a specimen was taken on 
 August. 17. Thereafter this teal was noted regularly on the 
 pond, and in the mouth of Swan River. 
 
 148. PINTAIL, Dafila acuta (Linn.) 
 
 The pintail doubtless breeds at the north end of Flathead 
 Lake, as specimens were regularly noted in the swampy area 
 between Swan River and Flathead River, during our observa- 
 tions in June. Numbers were accumulating in the cove west 
 of the mouth of Flathead River during the latter days of Au- 
 gust, with the mallard, green-winged teal, American golden-eye, 
 American merganser, and other species. 
 
 144. WOOD DUCK, Aix sponsa (Linn.) 
 
 A brood of young wood ducks appeared on the grassy slough 
 in the swamp-woods between Swan River and Flathead River, 
 and a young male was taken, July 31, 1901. Residents of the 
 neighborhood report that the wood duck is disappearing, be- 
 ing seen much less frequently than it was several years ago. 
 
 151 AMERICAN GOLDEN-EYE, Glauctonetta clangula ame 
 wcana (Bonap.) 
 A pair of American eolden- eves were seen about Sin-yale-a- 
 
 min Lake at various times, and. one specimen was taken. On 
 the little pond in the ravine to the southwest, a family ot 
 
—40— 
 
 American golden-eye was found, and several specimens of 
 the young were taken with the parent birds. [very little 
 sheet of water, along whose margin cavities can be found in 
 convenient trunks, seems to have its family of American golden- 
 eye. This species appeared to be by far the most abundant 
 of the summer ducks in the Flathead region. 
 
 A common breeder at the north end of Flathead Lake, and 
 on the adjacent ponds. Specimens were frequently taken, in 
 June and in August. The numbers are increased by migrants 
 toward the end of August. 
 
 153. BUFFLE-HEAD, Charionetta albeola (Linn.) 
 
 On July 30, 1901, a flock of young buffle-heads was noted at 
 the head of Flathead Lake, and a specimen was taken for iden- 
 tification. It is likely that broods are commonly reared along 
 the lakeshore, as several families are regularly observed to 
 appear on the lake at the appropriate season. 
 
 172. CANADA GOOSE, Branta canadensis (Linn.) 
 
 Abundant during the migration early in August, ap- 
 pearing in flocks of ten to twenty on the sand-bars near 
 the mouth of Flathead River. When approached by the ob- 
 server, a flock will line up in single file along the shore before 
 taking flight, and thus take wing while the observer is beyond 
 shotgun range. 
 
 190. AMERICAN BITTERN, Botaurus lentiginosus (Montag.) 
 
 An American bittern was seen at nightfall on June 25, 1901, 
 flying low over our camp at Post Creek. On July 16, 1901, a 
 specimen of American bittern was taken in the reedy bog 
 
 fringing Mud Lake. 
 
 214. SORA, Porzana carolina (Linn.) 
 
 The Sora occurs commonly on the reedy ponds and marshy 
 areas of the lake shore. A pair inhabited a small weedy opening 
 in the swampy woods between Swan River and Flathead River, 
 and others were noted at Daphnia Pond. Specimens were 
 taken at both places. 
 
—4I— 
 
 223. NORTHERN PHALAROPE, Phalaropus lobatus (Linn.) 
 
 Occurs regularly on the migrations at the north end of Flat- 
 head Lake. A specimen was taken near the mouth of Swan 
 River, August 27. It generally appears with the yellow-legs, 
 swimming along the water’s edge somewhat beyond the depth 
 of its companion, and feeding near it. 
 
 230. WILSON’S SNIPE, Gallinago delicata (Ord.) 
 
 This “Jacksnipe” is noted commonly near Flathead Lake. A 
 specimen was taken on August 18, on the shore at the right 
 of the mouth of Swan River. 
 
 241. BAIRD’S SANDPIPER, Tringa bairdia (Coues ) 
 
 Appears regularly along the lake shore about the middle of 
 August, in flocks of fifteen to twenty, feeding along the water’s 
 edgein restless, irregular movement, and taking flight simultane- 
 ously upon sufficient alarm. In air the flock retains a close 
 formation, sweeping low above the water, and generally flying 
 some distance before alighting, if previously alarmed. 
 
 248. SANDERLING, Calidris arenaria (Linn.) 
 
 Regular migrant at the north end of Flathead Lake. Speci- 
 mens were taken near the mouth of Swan River, August 29. It 
 frequents the reedy shores, in company with the spotted sand- 
 piper, Baird’s sandpiper, and other shore birds. 
 
 254. GREATER YELLOW-LEGS, Totanus melanoleucus 
 (Gmel.) 
 
 Noted commonly on the pools of the Reservation, and along 
 the creeks. A pair were taken on one of the pools when we 
 crossed from Lake McDonald to Post Creek. Specimens were 
 noted at Crow Creek, and also at the foot of Flathead Lake. 
 Common near the mouth of Swan River, on the sand-bars near 
 the boat landing, and also on the sandy shores between Swan 
 River and Flathead River. 
 
 255. YELLOW-LEGS, Totanus flavipes (Gmel.) 
 
 Usually seen in company with T’otanus melanoleucus. Speci- 
 
—42— 
 
 mens were taken on the pools of the Reservation. Common at 
 the foot of Flathead Lake. Also common near the mouth of 
 Swan River. 
 
 256. SOLITARY SANDPIPER, Totanus solhtarvus (Wils.) 
 
 This sandpiper was common on the Reservation, generally 
 along the creeks. Specimens were taken on Crow Creek. In 
 its habits it closely resembles the spotted sandpiper, though 
 its larger size aids in distinguishing it from the latter. T'wo 
 specimens were taken near the mouth of Swan River, August 8, 
 and it was regularly noted in our daily lists. 
 
 261. BARTRAMIAN SANDPIPER, Bartramia longicauda 
 (Bechst.) 
 
 The Bartramian sandpiper was found locally distributed over 
 the Reservation, meadows near ranch-houses being the favored 
 haunts. A family or small colony inhabited a meadow on Mr. 
 Felsman’s ranch, near Sin-yale-a-min Lake, where a specimen 
 was taken, June 21, 1901. On the same day a young Bar- 
 tramian sandpiper, vet in downy plumage, was captured alive on 
 the prairie between Post Creek and Mt. MacDonald. An- 
 other pair of these birds was found on a ranch near the foot 
 of Flathead Lake, and several miles up the Lake a small colony 
 or family was noted, June 26. 
 
 263. SPOTTED SANDPIPER, Actitis macularia (Linn.) 
 
 Noted everywhere in the localities visited. Abundant as a 
 summer resident along the north end of Flathead Lake. Nests 
 were frequently found in June on the sand-bars. 
 
 264. LONG-BILLED CURLEW, Numenius longirostris Wils. 
 
 Young birds of this species were running about over the 
 prairie when we crossed from Lake McDonald to Flathead 
 Take. Several young of the year were taken. The curlew was 
 common in the vicinity of Flathead Lake, near Polson, where 
 flocks were forming on the prairies. 
 
 2738:. KILLDEER, Aegiahtis. vocifera (Linn.) ._ 
 
 The killdeer was common throughout the Reservation. Spec- 
 
imens were noted on the pools, and along the streams, as well 
 as at Flathead Lake. 
 
 Frequently observed near the boat landing, on the gravelly 
 bars of Swan River. Specimens were taken on August 8, and 
 regularly noted thereafter. 
 
 289. BOB-WHITE, Colinus virginianus (Linn.) 
 
 This fine game bird has been successfully introduced in the 
 locality between Flathead Lake and Kalispell, where the varia- 
 tions of meadow, grainfield, and brushy ravine are particular- 
 ly suitable to the needs of the bob-white. His mellow whistle is 
 delightfully gratifying to the ears of those who knew him in 
 his native habitat, and we may hope that he will take kindly 
 to his trans-mountain conditions. Friends of this partridge 
 should see that he is permitted to adjust himself fully to his 
 new environments and to multiply in peace, before he falls a 
 prey to the desire to kill. No true sportman will molest the 
 bob-white whose rich piping greets his ears, nor will he raise 
 his destructive gun when a startled bird may whir away from 
 the covert at his feet, until the numbers are sufficiently great 
 to warrant the taking of an occasional bird. 
 
 29%b. RICHARDSON’S GROUSE, Dendragapus obscurus 
 richardson (Dougl.) 
 
 This form of the sooty grouse was common in the vicinity 
 of the Sin-yale-a-min Lake. Specimens were frequently taken. 
 In a trip to the summit of Sin-yale-a-min Peak, on July 12, 
 chicks about three days old were taken with the female, at 
 an altitude of 7,000 feet. The chicks were easily caught with 
 the hand. Several similar instances indicate that this 
 grouse nests much later than is usually given in data re- 
 garding its nidification, or that it is generally unfortunate in 
 the issue of its earlier attempts. 
 
 This grouse was common on the slopes leading up toward 
 Mt. McDonald, and elsewhere on the bushy hillsides. Speci- 
 mens were frequently taken. 
 
 On June 23, a fine male Richardson’s grouse was taken on 
 the eastern side of the ridge east of Daphnia Pond. He 
 was feeding on the red berries growing in profusion on the 
 hillside, having his crop full when taken. When disturbed, 
 he strutted among the clumps of sprouts, spreading his large, 
 
fan-like black tail, and puffing out the naked air-sacs on the 
 sides of his neck. He did not attempt to fly or to make any 
 effort to escape. 
 
 On August 16, a female Richardson’s grouse was taken on 
 the same hillside. 
 
 299. PRANKLIN’S GROUSE, Dendragapus  franklinir 
 (Doug!].) 
 
 Franklin’s grouse was common in the vicinity of Lake Me- 
 Donald. A female with young about two weeks old was taken 
 on Mt. McDonald at an altitude of 7,500 feet. Other speci- 
 mens were taken near the lake. This grouse is the “fool hen” 
 of popular reputation, by which name it is very generally 
 known in this region. 
 
 300b. GRAY RUFFED GROUSE, Bonasa umbellus wmbel- 
 loides (Dougl.) 
 
 The gray ruffed grouse was found as a common resident of 
 the thickets near the lakes. At the time of our first observa- 
 tions, females with young just beginning to fly were frequently 
 flushed. When disturbed with her brood, the female some- 
 times utters a strange hissing noise, and running at her dis- 
 turber with inflated air-sacs and outspread wings, she pre- 
 sents a very peculiar appearance. At such times, when she 
 does not threaten the observer, she slinks among the bushes 
 uttering a cat-like “meow”, which is a close counterpart of 
 the characteristic feline cry. Toward the close of the warm 
 July afternoons, these birds were most likely to be found near 
 the water’s edge; at other hours of the day, they generally re- 
 sorted to the clumps of small firs. 
 
 Abundant in the swampy area between Swan River and 
 Flathead River, where several broods were noted in June; also 
 on the ridges east of the lake, where several families were 
 found. By the first of August, young birds were taking 
 to the trees and higher bushes when disturbed. 
 
 308a. COLUMBIAN SHARP-TAILED GROUSE, Pedio- 
 caetes phasianellus columbianus (Ord.) 
 
 This grouse was observed in the meadows near Crow Creek, 
 where it appeared to be common as elsewhere in the cultivated 
 
cemeed, Se mints 
 
 bottoms of the state. Hillsides near water-courses, along which 
 are hay meadows and erainfields, are the summer resorts of this 
 fine gamebird of the Northwest. 
 
 Abundant on the prairie between Flathead Lake and Kal- 
 ispell. On Aug. 30, a large flock was seen beside the road 
 a short distance beyond Holt. The open districts north of the 
 lake form the regular resorts of this common gamebird, and 
 every ranch doubtless has its flock of “chickens”. 
 
 316. MOURNING DOVE, Zenaidura macroura (Linn.) 
 
 The mourning dove is not uncommonly noted in the Reserva- 
 tion, being “observed most generally near the water-courses. 
 We listed several specimens at Crow Creek, though no others 
 were seen until we reached the head of the lake, and there only 
 sparingly. It is evidently nowhere abundant in this portion. of its 
 range. Specimens were regularly noted along the road from 
 the Station to Holt, near the margin of the swampy region 
 between Swan River and Flathead River. 
 
 331. MARSH HAWK, Circus hudsonius (Linn.) 
 
 The marsh hawk is common along the foot of Flathead Lake. 
 We did not note it elsewhere in the Reservation, though it is 
 undoubtedly found at suitable localities along the water- 
 courses. 
 
 332, SHARP-SHINNED HAWK, Accipiter velox (Wils.) 
 
 This spirited little accipiter was found regularly near Mc- 
 Donald Lake. On one occasion a specimen darting around a 
 clump of dwarf trees nearly flew into my arms; seeing me, 
 he quickly darted upward and tried to escape, but a fortunate 
 shot brought him to earth. 
 
 This hawk was found nesting in the swamp woods between 
 Swan River and Flathead River, where a female was taken 
 when. flushed from her nest, in which were four eggs, July 3. 
 On August 16, a male sharp-shinned hawk was taken on the 
 bushy ridge east of the road leading to Daphnia Pond. 
 
 333. COOPER’S HAWK, Accipiter cooper (Bonap.) 
 
 Cooper’s hawk was common along the cliff east of McDonald 
 Lake. We frequently observed them feeding young, or heard 
 
the cries of the young as the elders brought supplies to their 
 rocky eyries. Once we climbed about half way up the cliff 
 toward a nest of young birds whose cries attracted us; but as 
 we neared the site the elders quitted the place and the young 
 birds ceased their cries, thus defeating our object of finding 
 the nest. 
 
 On August 14, a male Cooper’s hawk was taken on the road 
 leading from the bridge up Swan River. Specimens were 
 taken successively on August 22 and 23, on the ranch at. the 
 right of the mouth of Swan River. This hawk was not noted 
 during our observations in June. 
 
 337 b. WESTERN RED-TAIL, Buteo borealis calurus(Cass.) 
 
 This fine large hawk was found breeding along the eastern 
 shore of McDonald Lake. One specimen was taken. 
 
 A mutilated specimen of the western red-tail was found in 
 the road through the woods leading to the point at the mouth 
 of Swan River, August 22. It had probably been shot by one 
 of the parties staying at the Club houses, and had fallen or 
 been dragged there by one of the dogs scouring the woods 
 for game. 
 
 347a. AMERICAN ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK, Archibuteo 
 lagopus sancti-johannis (Gmel.) 
 
 The American rough-legged hawk was commonly seen soar- 
 ing overhead above the woods and hills east of the lower end 
 of Flathead Lake. Several efforts were made to secure a speci- 
 men, even to scaling the cliff in hopes of getting a shot, but the 
 game was always beyond reach. 
 
 349. GOLDEN EAGLE, Aquila chrysaetos (Linn.) 
 
 The Mission Mountains and adjacent regions offer congenial 
 resorts for the golden eagle. Frequently it was observed soaring 
 over the ranges, but no specimen was taken, though effort was 
 frequently made to get within range of one. A fine specimen 
 was observed feeding on a carcass and it allowed us to ride 
 within fair view of it, but departed before we were within ef- 
 fective shotgun range. 
 
 352. BALD EAGLE, Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Linn.) 
 Though not noted by our party, the bald eagle was reported 
 
on Swan Lake near its head, by Mr. Leffingwell, who took a 
 fine specimen there during our stay at the Station in the latter 
 part of August. His accurate knowledge of this species war- 
 rants the including of the bald eagle in this list upon his identi- 
 fication. 
 
 3860a. DESERT SPARROW HAWK, falco sparverious de- 
 serticolus Mearns. 
 
 This species did not appear to be as common near Sin-yale- 
 a-min Lake as elsewhere in its usual range. We noted it oc- 
 casionally in our daily lists. In our ascent of Mt. Sin-yale-a- 
 min, this lttle faleon was seen at an altitude of 7,700 feet, 
 pursued by five or six pine siskins. It was found regularly 
 on. the hillsides, though not abundantly, but was common every- 
 where over the prairies of the Reservation. 
 
 The sparrow hawk was not uncommon in the vicinity of 
 Lake McDonald. It was noted most frequently near the outlet 
 of the lake, and along the cliff on the eastern shore. No speci- 
 mens were taken here. A small butte near our camp at Crow 
 Creek was used as a sort of watch tower by the sparrow hawks, 
 and generally several would be flushed when we climbed to its 
 rocky summit. 
 
 Abundant on the ranches near Flathead Lake, preferring 
 the edges of the woods. It resorts to rail fences, flying from 
 one station to another ahead of the observer; or from a watch 
 tower in the top of isolated trees in the meadows it scans the 
 subjacent ground for venturesome mice, grasshoppers, crickets, 
 and similar prey. 
 
 364. AMERICAN OSPREY, Pandion halhaetus carolinensis 
 (Gmel.) 
 
 The osprey was noted only occasionally in our daily lists 
 at Sin-yale-a-min Lake. It is likely that a pair of ospreys in- 
 habited the ravine leading to the little pond, for the speci- 
 mens we noted were generally seen in that locality. The lake 
 did not appear to he frequented to any extent by the osprey, 
 though it certainly afforded a generous supply of fish, which 
 forms almost the entire bill of fare of this species. The inlet 
 and outlet of the lake, which are stocked abundantly with 
 trout, doubtless offer easier larders than the deeper waters of 
 the lake. | 
 
sans Hp 
 
 Common at Flathead Lake, especially near the mouth of 
 Pend d’ Orielle River, Swan River, and Flathead River. A 
 family had possession of a large nest at the top of a tall, 
 naked stub near the river on the Helena Club grounds, (see 
 Plate VIII.), and two specimens were taken from this family 
 during our stay in August. The osprey was also found very 
 commonly on Swan Lake, where we spent two days near the 
 foot, August 20 and 21. 
 
 366. AMERICAN LONG-EARED OWL, Asio wilsonianus 
 (Less.) 
 
 The long-eared owl, being more generally nocturnal in its 
 habits than the other owls, is less frequently noted than others. 
 Only one specimen was observed, which was in the dark swamp- 
 woods of the Jocko River at Selish. 
 
 3873 e. ROCKY MOUNTAIN SCREECH OWL, Megascops 
 aslo maxwelliae (Ridgw.) 
 
 A specimen of this screech owl was taken on Post Creek, 
 where it was shot from our camp as it was perched in a dead 
 tree beside the creek, having begun its nocturnal foraging soon 
 after dusk. 
 
 3875a. WESTERN HORNED OWL, Bubo virginianus sub- 
 articus (Hoy.) 
 
 This form of the great horned owl apears to be common in 
 the parts of the Flathead region included in our itinerary. 
 The dense woodland are peculiarly adapted to this powerful 
 nocturnal marauder. It manifests its presence more particu- 
 larly in the fall and winter months, when many specimens are 
 captured by the ranchers. The only individual of this species 
 we saw at McDonald Lake was taking an evening outing along 
 the low shore near the outlet, resting occasionally on the sum- 
 mit of some tall stub ere continuing his perambulations. 
 
 The western horned owl was reported as common along Crow 
 Creek, though we did not take any specimens. The abundance 
 of food would imply its presence. For some reason the Raptores, 
 which we expected to find at this station, seemed less common 
 than usual. 
 
On June 22, a specimen was seen at Hstey’s Pond. On 
 August 6, a fine specimen was brought to the Station by Mr. 
 Estey, who reported the species very common on his ranch. 
 No notes were made concerning its occurrence nearer the 
 Station. 
 
 390. BELTED KINGFISHER, Ceryle alcyon (Linn.) 
 
 The belted kingfisher is a common resident in summer along 
 the shore of Sin-vale-a-min Lake. No specimens were taken, 
 but were easily accessible, and were noted in all our daily lists. 
 The clear waters of the lake furnished this avian fisher very 
 attractive accommodations. By measurement it was found that 
 we could see objects to the depth of thirty-five feet, and the 
 schools of minnows playing near the shore were easy prey for 
 the kingfisher. However, the kingfisher is not always success- 
 ful in its dashes for its finny victim; in my opinion it fails more 
 frequently than it succeeds. It always seizes its prey with 
 its bill, and frequently finds it necessary to thrash its victim 
 against a stake or branch before it can stow the morsel away 
 in its gullet. 
 
 It was daily noted plying its vocation near the inlet of Lake 
 McDonald. At the mouth of the inlet the fishing was par- 
 ticularly fine, and the fact that the water from the ravine 
 above the lake entered the reservoir by several small mouths 
 rendered: the sport unusually excellent. It appeared that only 
 one pair of kingfishers claimed the fishing rights of this lake 
 No specimens were taken. 
 
 The kingfisher was seen at all times near the Station, fre- 
 quenting the banks of Swan River near its mouth, and es- 
 pecially near the boat landing, where the shallower water afford- 
 ed easier fishing grounds than the more turbulent flow 
 of the river proper. This species was also found abundantly 
 on Swan Lake, where we took several specimens while stand- 
 ing in our camp at the foot of the lake. Though we had rea- 
 son to believe that there were no fish in Daphnia Pond, and 
 few in Estey’s Pond, the kingfisher was observed at both sta- 
 tions, and we concluded that the numerous frogs along the 
 margins of the ponds offered the avian fisherman easier prey 
 than the sport at Swan River. 
 
—50-—— 
 
 893d. CABANIS'SS WOODPECKER, Dryobates villosus hylo- 
 scopus (Cab.) | 
 
 This species or form of the hairy woodpecker is not un- 
 common in the vicinity of Sin-yale-a-min Lake. Specimens 
 were generally noted and one was taken. It is doubtless a per- - 
 manent resident. 
 
 A specimen was noted visiting the large pine trees at our 
 Crow Creek camp. It was not included in our list for the 
 foot of Flathead Lake. Doubtless regularly found in the tall 
 trees of the water-courses. Specimens were frequently taken 
 near the Station at Flathead Lake. 
 
 394b. BATCHELDER’S WOODPECKER, Dryobates pube- 
 scens oreoecus Batch. 
 
 The downy woodpecker in this Rocky Mountain form did 
 not appear to be common in the immediate vicinity of Sin- 
 yale-a-min Lake. No specimens were taken, and those noted 
 were more frequently heard than seen. More thorough exam- 
 ination of the locality might disclose its presence in greater 
 proportion than our notes indicate. It is common in the vicin- 
 ity of the Biological Station. 
 
 400. ARCTIC THREE-TOED WOODPECKER, Prcoides 
 arcticus (Swains.) 
 
 noted as commonly as the Alpine three-toed woodpecker. 
 A specimen was taken at Swan Lake, August 3, 1901. 
 
 401b. ALPINE THREE-TOED WOODPECKER, Picoides 
 americanus dorsalis Baird. 
 
 One specimen of this three-toed woodpecker, a young male, 
 was taken in the woods north of the lake. The vigorous, 
 deliberate, though intermittent tapping of this woodpecker is 
 a pretty certain index of its presence near the observer; how- 
 ever, the wary nature of the woodland carpenter leads him to 
 desist when the collector approaches his station. This speci- 
 men allowed me to walk past without my discovering him; 
 but began his tapping immediately after my back was turned. 
 Not uncommon near the mouth of Swan River. A specimen 
 was taken in the woods east of the Club grounds, Aug. 16. 
 
<Smit y fe 
 
 402a. RED-NAPEL SAPSUCKER, Sphyrapicus varius nu- 
 chats Baird. 
 
 On the day of our arrival at Sin-yale-a-min Lake, and on 
 the following day, a pair of red-naped sapsuckers claimed quar- 
 ters along the trail near our camp, and were frequently ob- 
 served sporting on the tree-trunks, uttering their harsh calls 
 as they flitted restlessly about their claimed domains. On 
 the second day, a party of Indian campers stationed themselves 
 near the plice, and used the trail for their racing and shoot- 
 ing frolics. The sapsuckers disappeared, and we made no 
 {urtl.er notes regirding the presence of this interesting species. 
 Unlike other members of the woodpecker group, this sap- 
 sucker {frequents the lower story of the woods, doubtless be- 
 eause of its fondness for the sap-laden inner fibers of the 
 bark which it finds nearer the bases of the trunks. Its nest- 
 ing site is also much lower or nearer the ground than the av- 
 erage of those of the other woodpeckers. 
 
 It is common in the woodlands in the vicinity of Lake Mc- 
 Donald. One specimen was taken, and it was regularly included 
 in our daily lists. Its harsh, impatient call betokens its pres- 
 ence In any neighborhood, its noisy ways being decidedly in 
 contrast with those of the three-toed woodpecker. 
 
 A pair of red-naped sapsuckers reared a brood in the weedy 
 area in the swamp woods at the right of the mouth of Swan 
 River, where specimens were frequently taken. Also frequently 
 observed in the woods east of the Helena Club grounds. 
 This species was apparently more frequently noted than either 
 the Alpine three-toed woodpecker, Cabanis’s woodpecker, or 
 Batchelder’s woodpecker, in the vicinity of the Station. 
 
 405. PILEATED WOODPECKER, Ceophloeus pileatus (Linn.) 
 
 The pileated woodpecker was not uncommon in the woods 
 near the Station, and occasionally a specimen would even visit 
 the Station grounds, uttering its loud flicker-like call from the 
 top of one of the taller trees. On August 15 a specimen was 
 taken in one of the trees on the western side of the grounds. 
 This woodpecker was frequently heard in the swamp woods 
 at the right of Swan River, and even more frequently in the 
 Helena Club grounds at the left of the river. Two specimens 
 were taken on August 27, in the woods west of the road lead- 
 ing to Daphnia Pond. Both were tapping on medium-sized 
 
5 2-— 
 
 trunks, at points about half way up the boles. The shooting 
 we had done in the woods during the preceding three 
 weeks did not appear to have had any effect in frightening 
 away this wary woodpecker from the old landmarks. How- 
 ever, the woodsman’s axe will doubtless hasten this undesirable 
 outcome. 
 
 This lordly inhabitant of the primeval woodlands is common 
 in the vicinity of Sin-yale-a-min Lake. A pair had a home in 
 the ravine leading westward from the lake. ‘heir favorite 
 haunts were tall denuded pines and tamaracks, though they 
 were not often seen near the summits of the boles, apparently 
 preferring a middle station. Their loud, resounding tapping 
 generally disclosed their presence, together with their loud, 
 vibrant, flicker-like call. Our frequent shooting in the neigh- 
 borhood and in the ravine where they made their head- 
 quarters did not seem to disturb them, though when we tried 
 to stalk them they managed to keep out of range, silently flap- 
 ping away when we aproached, so that no specimens were taken 
 at this camp. 
 
 Likewise at McDonald Lake, after we had been in camp 
 some days and had been shooting in the immediate neighbor- 
 hood at all times during our stay, two specimens, an old female 
 and a young male, were taken within a hundred yards of the 
 camp. 
 
 408. LEWIS'S WOODPECKER, Melanerpes torquatus (Wils.) 
 
 This peculiar woodpecker was common in the woods near the 
 outlet of Lake McDonald. It prefers the largest pines, from 
 which it will fly out and capture an insect in air as expertly 
 as a kingbird or other flycatcher, and return to its chosen sta- 
 tion. There is a degree of wary secretiveness in its nature, 
 however, for when an observer is near, it will remain silently 
 lurking 1 in the top of the tree until the ae of the observer 
 is likely to be exhausted. 
 
 A pair were seen feeding young birds in a hole about fifty 
 feet from the ground in a living pine, July 28, at Post Creek. 
 This woodpecker was a common visitor to our camp at Crow 
 Creek. We also noted it among the scrubby haw trees near 
 our camp at the foot of Flathead Lake. 
 
 On the day of our first arrival at the Station, June 14, 
 Lewis’s woodpecker was a noticeable visitor to the Station 
 grounds, and two specimens, which were making frequent sal- 
 
iies into the air from the tops of tall dead trees in quest of 
 passing insects, were taken as a tribute to our curiosity in 
 regard to this peculiar woodpecker. Upon our return to the 
 Station, in the first week of August, Lewis’s woodpecker was 
 abundantly represented by specimens along the road leading 
 toward Holt, where they would sit on the rail fences like crows 
 or robins, each sitting quite upright and bunched together like 
 an owl a-perch. On August 16 a specimen was taken that had 
 one inner toe missing, which had apparently been severed close 
 to the place of insertion. Around Daphnia Pond this wood- 
 pecker was also abundant, as well as at other stations in the 
 neighborhood. 
 
 413. RED-SHAFTED FLICKER, Colaptes cafer (Gmel.) 
 
 This flicker is common everywhere in localities visited where 
 trees of any size can be found. On one occasion at Sin-yale- 
 a-min Lake, three red-shafted flickers were observed flirting and 
 eoquetting at the top of a tall denuded stub. In our ascent 
 of a ridge of Mt. McDonald, this flicker was noted at an alti- 
 tude of 7,700 feet. It is the most common woodpecker in the 
 vicinity of McDonald Lake. In the wooded localities in the 
 open regions of the Reservation, the red-shafted flicker ap- 
 pears to be less numerously represented than the Lewis wood- 
 pecker. 
 
 420a. WESTERN NIGHTHAWK, Chordeiles virginianus 
 henryt (Cass.) 
 
 The western nighthawk was not common at Sin-yale-a-min 
 Lake, though specimens were noted occasionally in twilight 
 flight. No specimens were taken. 
 
 It was commonly seen flying about at nightfall at McDonald 
 Lake. One specimen was taken as it was flying to and fro 
 over the water at early dusk. 
 
 Abundant in the vicinity of Crow Creek. A small butte near 
 our camp was a favorite haunt of the nighthawk, and from 
 its top we secured several specimens at nightfall. We also 
 found it abundant at the foot of Flathead Lake, and at the 
 upper end as well, where it was found breeding. 
 
433. RUFOUS HUMMINGBIRD, Selasphorus rufus (Gmel.) 
 
 This hummingbird was a common visitor to our camp, and 
 was noted regularly near the lakes. A female was taken while 
 sitting on a naked branch near our tent, at McDonald Lake. 
 
 Very common in the vicinity of the Station. On-the day of 
 our arrival, a male rufous hummingbird was taken in the woods 
 across the road from the Station, and others were noted. In 
 the swampy woods between Swan and Flathead Rivers, this 
 hummingbird was frequently observed darting at Traill’s and 
 other flycatchers, and pursuing them angrily for short dis- 
 tances, as though the latter were intruding upon its domains. 
 Later in the season, August 11, a family was noted visiting the 
 snowberry, a species of honeysuckle, and also feeding on the 
 giant hyssop growing rankly beside the fences near the Station 
 grounds. 
 
 436. CALLIOPE HUMMINGBIRD, Stellula calliope Gould. 
 
 The calliope hummingbird appeared to be common along the 
 cliff east of McDonald Lake. It was noted particularly in the 
 vicinity of the waterfalls that dashed from the crevices of the 
 cliff, where it would alight within a few feet of the observer, 
 sitting on some dead twig to preen its plumage or rest after 
 a journey along the rocky wall. 
 
 A family of calliope hummingbird was observed on the east- 
 ern side of the ridge east of the Helena Club grounds. Both 
 elders and young were darting about from bush to bush, 
 and apparently had one or two chosen stations for perching, 
 generally bare twigs projecting from the periphery of a maple 
 clump. The male parent bird was shot, and I had turned from 
 picking him up, when another of the family was seen perched 
 upon the same twig. No other specimens of this humming- 
 bird were noted near the Station. 
 
 444, KINGBIRD, Tyrannus tyrannus (Linn.) 
 
 Abundant in the willows of Flathead Lake shore at the north- 
 ern end, and also near Daphnia Pond. Nests were observed in 
 the early season. 
 
 The kinghird was abundant along the streams of the reserva- 
 tion, and also along the foot of Flathead Lake. Many pairs 
 were yet feeding young birds in the nest. 
 
 It was not observed at the smaller mountain lakes, 
 
—55-- 
 44%, ARKANSAS KINGBIRD, Tyrannus verticalis Say. 
 
 This noisy, handsome kingbird was abundant about the 
 ranches of the Reservation. It is very noticeable in its move- 
 ments and demonstrative in manners, having a short musical 
 twitter which it utters generally upon alighting, accompanying 
 the twitter with a fluttering or quivering movement of the 
 wings. Like its congener the kingbird, it is very pugnacious 
 in its disposition, chasing away the magpie or other invader of 
 its domains. Its calls is vigorous in enunciation, resembling the 
 syllable “ki”. We noted it at Post Creek, Crow Creek, and at 
 the foot of Flathead Lake, at all of which places it was mani- 
 festly prominent’ because of young birds lately upon the 
 wing. The familiarity of this kingbird is measurably beyond 
 that of Tyrannus tyrannus, as it will boldly establish itself in 
 the midst of the busiest scenes. A pair had a nest on a cross- 
 piece upon a telephone pole on Main Street in Missoula, on 
 one of the busiest corners in the city. There the female would 
 sit jauntily while people were hurrying along below her; and 
 there the male would visit her with refreshing tid-bits regard- 
 less of the evidences of activity around their chosen domain. 
 
 459. OLIVE-SIDED FLYCATCHER, Contopus boreals 
 (Swain.) 
 
 First observed on July 11, 1901, on the ridge leading to Mac- 
 Dougal Peak, at an altitude of 6,500 feet. A specimen was 
 sitting in the bare top of a tall tree, uttering its harsh, quer- 
 ulous call. Though not then taken, it was readily identified 
 by the white flank-tufts which show prominently between the 
 wings and back when the bird is at rest. On August 10, 1901, 
 a specimen was taken in the woods at the base of MacDougal 
 Peak. 
 
 462. WESTERN WOOD PEWEE, Contopus richardsoni 
 (Swains.) 
 
 This interesting species was common on the hillsides near 
 the shores of the mountain lakes. Its sharp call, 
 though suggestive of the plaint of the wood pewee 
 of eastern regions, is quite different from the far- 
 away-sounding call of the latter, being uttered in a more 
 impatient, garrulous manner. The western species appears to 
 
—56— 
 
 prefer higher stations as its lookout, consequently seeking its 
 food in a higher story of the forest than its eastern congener, 
 and building its nest in sites higher in the trees. It generally 
 chooses a station in a tall tree on a bare limb above the middle 
 point, and there utters its sharp, querulous call, making oc- 
 casional sallies into the air to capture passing insects. ‘Trees 
 on bushy hillsides are its most favored resorts. 
 
 466. TRAILL’S FLYCATCHER, Empidonazx traillit (Aud.) 
 
 Common in the woods and bushy localities during. August. 
 It was not observed during our first visit to the Station. ‘This 
 flycatcher frequents a lower story than does the western wood 
 pewee, being seldom observed higher than the middle of med- 
 ium-sized trees, and usually preferring the clumps of maple and 
 willow of fire-swept districts. It was most frequently noted 
 in the woods between Swan River and Flathead River. Com- 
 mon near McDonald Lake. 
 
 469. WRIGHT’S FLYCATCHER, LHmpidonax wright 
 Baird. 
 
 No specimens of this little flycatcher were taken at Sin- 
 yale-a-min Lake, but it appeared to be common on the hill- 
 sides south of the lake, where there was an extended growth 
 of bushes and younger trees. There it could doubtless be 
 found nesting in the breeding season, though no nests of the 
 season were noted. In fact, it seemed that few birds had nested 
 near this lake, judging by the absence of nests for the year. 
 I am of the opinion that the lake is used by the birds more as 
 a place for occasional resort than as a breeding ground. 
 
 Wright’s flycatcher was found nesting in bushy localities 
 near the Station, generally inhabiting the clumps of maple 
 sprouts in the edges of the heavier woods or on ridges where 
 former fires had prostrated the taller growth and given place 
 to bushes. Four nests were found during the June collecting, 
 but this flycatcher was not observed during our visit to the 
 same localities in August. 
 
 474 ¢. DESERT HORNED LARK, Otocoris alpestris arenicola 
 Hensh. 
 
 This horned lark was abundant on the prairie regions of the 
 Reservation, and is doubtless the prevailing form in summer. 
 
The pallid horned lark, Otocorts alpestris leucolaema (Coues), 
 is probably the prevailing winter form in Montana. The desert 
 horned lark was found regularly from the base of Mt. Mc- 
 Donald to the shore of Flathead Lake, generally feeding along 
 the roads, or flitting about in the vicinity of the pools. Most 
 of the specimens taken were young of the year. 
 
 475. AMERICAN MAGPIE, Pica pica hudsonica (Sab.) 
 
 Abundant in the thickets of the foothills and along the 
 streams; also in the dwarf trees along the shore of Flathead 
 Lake. Many nests of the spring were noted, some high in the 
 pines, though most of them were within reach without climb- 
 ing, in dwarf haws and similar growth. 
 
 The magpie was not listed at Sin-yale-a-min Lake, but it was 
 noted at McDonald Lake. 
 
 478 c. BLACK-HEADED JAY, Cyanocitta stellert annectens 
 ' Baird. 
 
 This mountain form of Steller’s jay was quite common in the 
 vicinity of Sin-yale-a-min and McDonald Lake. Such speci- 
 mens as were wanted were taken, for they did not manifest a 
 suspicious nature when the collector was near. All our speci- 
 mens were in very poor plumage, undergoing the moult during 
 our visit to the lake. 
 
 484a. ROCKY MOUNTAIN JAY, Perisoreus cannadensis 
 capitalis Ridgw. 
 
 The Canada jay in its Rocky Mountain form did not seem 
 to be common near our itinerary. One specimen was taken at 
 Sin-yale-a-min Lake while lurking in a fir clump near where 
 we were sitting, on the southern shore of the lake; its curiosity 
 perhaps led it to betray its presence. No other notes were 
 made regarding its occurrence. 
 
 486. AMERICAN RAVEN, Corvus corax sinuatus (Wagl.) 
 
 A family of this species had a home up the hillside on the 
 western shore of McDonald Lake. The noisy croakings were 
 heard throughout our visit, and the birds were frequently 
 
—5o— 
 
 seen flying over the lake. Several unsuccessful attempts were 
 made to secure specimens. The American raven appears to be 
 generally distributed over the Flathead region. 
 
 It was represented near the Station by a pair that frequented 
 the swampy woods at the right of the mouth of Swan River. 
 These were noted regularly when we visited the locality named, 
 and frequent efforts were made to capture one, but the wary 
 creatures invariably kept well beyond shotgun range, generally 
 flying away with hoarse croakings to another part of their 
 claimed domain when we entered the area anywhere near them. 
 
 488. AMERICAN CROW, Corvus americanus Aud. 
 
 Not listed at Sin-yale-a-min Lake, but noted frequently in 
 the woods near the inlet of McDonald Lake. On one occasion 
 four or five were observed in a group in the tree-tops at the 
 upper end of McDonald Lake. 
 
 It was regularly noted in our lists, both at Crow Creek and 
 at the foot of Flathead Lake. It was most generally observed 
 in the vicinity of the water-courses, where the fringing trees 
 offered more congenial resorts than the bare prairies of the 
 intermediate areas. 
 
 The American crow occurs only occasionally near the Sta- 
 tion. On June 30, one was seen flying over the station grounds. 
 No other notes were made concerning its occurrence in the 
 vicinity of the Station. 
 
 491. CLARKE’S NUTCRACKER, WNucifraga columbiana 
 (Wils.) 
 
 No specimens of Clarke’s nutcracker were seen except in our 
 ascent of the peak near Sin-yale-a-min Mountain, when the 
 first nutcrackers were noted at an altitude of 4,700 feet; thence 
 they were observed while we were in the timber, which ceased 
 at an elevation of 7,700 feet, owing to the bare, rocky charac- 
 ter of the ridge forming the higher regions of the mountain. 
 The hillsides surrounding the lake are probably congenial re- 
 sorts of the nutcracker, but as our observations were practi- 
 cally confined to the immediate margins of the lake, no other 
 record concerning this species was made. 
 
 494. BOBOLINK, Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linn.) 
 
 A troop of bobolinks visited our camp at Crow Creek, doubt- 
 
less attracted by the shorn grainfields and meadows near the 
 stream. Their metallic “clink” revealed their presence, and 
 several specimens were taken. They are likely quite common in 
 the creek bottoms in the fall migration. The bobolink of this 
 region is now placed in the subspecies albinucha. 
 
 495. COWBIRD, Molothrus ater (Bodd.) 
 
 The cowbird was only occasionally noted in our lists, and 
 then only at Crow Creek and the foot of Flathead Lake. One 
 specimen, a young of the year, was taken at our camp at the 
 outlet of Flathead Lake. This species seems to occur in smaller 
 ratio in this region than might be fancied from knowledge of its 
 wide distribution. 
 
 498. RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD, Agelaius phoeniceus 
 (Linn.) 
 
 Common at suitable places near the head of Flathead Lake. 
 It was found nesting in the reeds at Daphnia Pond, where a 
 small colony had established itself. Very few specimens were 
 seen near the pond in August. 
 
 501b. WESTERN MEADOWLARK, Sturnella magna neg- 
 lecta (Aud.) 
 This meadowlark was abundant in the prairie regions, es- 
 pecially in the neighborhood of the ranches and water-courses, 
 everywhere from the foothills to the shore of Flathead Lake. 
 
 It was most abundant near the stubble fields in the vicinity of 
 the lake. 
 
 508. BULLOCK’S ORIOLE, Icterus bullocki (Swains.) 
 
 We found Bullock’s oriole common in the groves at the foot 
 of Flathead Lake. Nests of the year were observed, and sev- 
 eral specimens of adult birds were taken. 
 
 510. BREWER’S BLACKBIRD, Scolecophagus cyanocephalus 
 (Wagl.) 
 
 Abundant everywhere in the vicinity of the ranches and 
 
60s 
 
 water-courses. [locks were forming for summer feeding and 
 fall migration, and were much in evidence near the lake shore. 
 
 514a. WESTERN EVENING GROSBEAK, Coccothrausies 
 vespertinus montanus (Ridgw.) 
 
 Comparatively common in the vicinity of Swan River and 
 Flathead River, in the swampy woods. Specimens were seen 
 and heard every day during our visit in June, and it is very 
 probable that it nests in the locality, though no evidence of such 
 nesting was observed. Specimens were frequently taken, both 
 in June and in August. The fruit ranches in the vicinity of 
 the woods mentioned appear to offer unusual attractions to the 
 birds of the neighborhood; our first specimen of this gros- 
 beak was taken as it was being allured by the store of rasp- 
 berries at hand. The call of this species is closely imitative of 
 that of a young chicken; if intensified and greatly increased in 
 volume it would resemble the ery of the osprey. 
 
 This handsome bird was common along Crow Creek, where 
 a specimen was taken immediately upon our arrival, before 
 our camp was established. The tall pines in the neighborhood 
 were regular stations for this grosbeak, and frequently a troop 
 of six or eight would take possession of a treetop and chirp 
 cheerily for a few minutes. It is not likely that the grosbeak 
 is found far from the streamsides in the prairie region of the 
 Reservation, as trees and thickets are its usual resorts. 
 
 518. CASSIN’S PURPLE FINCH, Carpodacus cassini Baird. 
 
 This purple finch does not appear to be common in the Flat- 
 head Lake region. A male was taken at Swan Lake on Au- 
 gust 3, 1901. It was resorting to the grounds around an un- 
 occupied cabin, associating with pine siskins in gleaning from 
 the dooryard. Only one specimen was seen. 
 
 521. AMERICAN CROSSBILL, JLozia curvirostra minor 
 (Brehm ) 
 
 Along the immediate shore of Sin-yale-a-min Lake, the cross- 
 bills were not often noted; but around the pond mentioned 
 as being southeast of the lake, the American crossbills were 
 abundant, frequenting the tops of the tall trees in small flocks, 
 
 Pita ae 
 
CeO i 
 
 and announcing their presence by their sharp chirps. Both 
 adult specimens and young of the year were taken, always from 
 the summits of the loftiest trees. 
 
 The American crossbill was regularly noted at Crow Creek 
 and at the foot of Flathead Lake. Like the evening grosbeak, 
 it is partial to the streamsides in the prairie regions, moving 
 restlessly from place to place in troops of small numbers, and 
 chirping merrily from the treetops. 
 
 It is common in the vicinity of the Station, frequenting the 
 tops of the tall trees in small flocks, uttering short, sharp me- 
 tallic chirps. It generally associates with the pine siskin and 
 other frequenters of the upper story of the woods. It is rep- 
 resented more numerously in the fall, and during the latter 
 part of August we found it abundant in the neighborhood of 
 Daphnia Pond and Estey’s Pond, moving about capriciously 
 from one treetop to another and chattering its enjoyment in 
 the liberty of its wildwood domain. 
 
 5338. PINE SISKIN, Spinus pinus (Wils.) 
 
 The pine siskin was commonly seen in the tops of the tallest 
 trees, though at Sin-yale-a-min Lake and McDonald Lake it 
 is more generally heard passing overhead, uttering its goldfinch- 
 hike call, or chirping vigorously to its fellows. It is a social 
 creature, and its familiarity will lead it to alight in the midst 
 of the camp to glean refuse from the tables. The only speci- 
 men taken at Sin-yale-a-min Lake was shot in camp while it 
 was picking up morsels of food near the cooking-tent. 
 
 This animated resident of the higher woodlands was abun- 
 dant near the Station. During our visit in June, the pine 
 siskin was one of the most noticeable birds of the neighbor- 
 hood, flitting in sportive enjoyment among the treetops, and 
 uttering a loud sibilant chirping as it bounded from tree to 
 tree. Frequently specimens visited our camp and alighted at 
 the door of our tent, to glean from the refuse of the table, 
 manifesting all the familiarity of the chipping sparrow. One 
 evening about sunset, while I was exploring the woods on the 
 Helena Club grounds, a nest in the top of a small fir tree 
 caught my attention. Giving the tree a vigorous shake to alarm 
 any occupant of the nest, I was surprised to see a brood or 
 flock of pine siskins, five or six in number, flutter out of the 
 nest and away from the neighborhood, chattering with lively 
 scolding at being thus rudely routed from their home. 
 
BAD Gy a 
 
 The pine siskin is commoner up the mountain slopes than 
 near the lake shore. We noted it at all elevations up to 9,200 
 feet. Its call is so much like the plaintive “pee” of the gold- 
 finch, which it also closely resembles in appearance except when 
 the latter is in nuptial plumage, that one unacquainted with 
 the pine siskin might fail to notice it as a different species. 
 The young of the year appear to show brighter yellow in their 
 plumage than the elders, which further adds to its likeness to 
 the goldfinch. 
 
 In August the pine siskins were observed clinging to the 
 heads of the giant hyssop, which grew extensively along the 
 roadsides near the Station. A small flock would thus congre- 
 gate in a patch of the hyssop, feeding from the heads in the 
 manner of goldfinches, the resemblance being increased by the 
 bright colors of some of the young of the year and by the gold- 
 finch-like chirps of the pine siskins. The horse mint, Monarda 
 fistulosa, was also a favorite food of this species. 
 
 540a. WESTERN VESPER SPARROW, Poocaetes gramineus 
 confinis Baird. 
 
 This vesper sparrow occurs abundantly throughout the prairie 
 regions of the Reservation. -It frequents the grainfields and 
 margins of the ranches in numbers, and is especially noticeable 
 near the lake shore, where it visits the water’s edge to refresh 
 itself from the heat of the summer afternoons. Near the lake 
 it appeared to be almost as numerous as Brewer’s blackbird, 
 at the time of our visit. 
 
 546a. WESTERN GRASSHOPPER SPARROW, Ammod- 
 ramus savannarum perpallidus (Coues.) 
 
 This sparrow was found to be common on the prairie local- 
 ities of the Reservation, and several specimens were taken for 
 identification. The males would frequently sit on a post of the 
 rail fences and utter their queer songs, and also emit a sharp 
 stridulating chirp or call, scarcely regarding our presence. 
 
 560a. WESTERN CHIPPING SPARROW, Spizella socialis 
 arizonae Ooues. 
 
 The western chipping sparrow was found abundantly every- 
 where throughout our travels in the Flathead Reservation. 
 
—63— 
 
 Everywhere we found it the same unsuspecting, social character, 
 industriously caring for the wants of its younglings. It pre- 
 fers the bushes and smaller trees for its resorts, and lke the 
 pine siskin, will frequently enter the camp in quest of morsels 
 of food. 
 
 On August 24, the chipping sparrow was noted in flocks of 
 twenty-five to thirty, near the borders ‘of the ranches in the 
 vicinity of the Station, probably preparatory to migration. 
 
 567b. SHUFELDT’S JUNCO, Junco hyemals  shufeldtr 
 : Coale. 
 
 This mountain form of the slate-colored junco is abundant 
 in the vicinity of Sin-yale-a-min Lake and on Mt. McDonald 
 to an altitude of 7,500 feet. It undoubtedly breeds in the 
 neighborhood, as several specimens were taken while carrying 
 food evidently for young birds. On one occasion the writer 
 was convinced of the existence of a nest of this junco near a 
 fallen log and adjacent brush, and searched closely for it, but 
 was unable to discover it. The rattling ditty of the junco 
 was heard regularly in the woods near Sin-yale-a-min Lake, a 
 performance quite similar to that of the chipping sparrow, 
 though uttered with more force and less rapid enunciation. 
 
 The junco is common on the wooded ridges near the Sta- 
 tion, and undoubtedly breeds there. On June 20, a female was 
 observed carrying food, and chirping anxiously at our presence, 
 as if she had a nest or dependent young in the immediate 
 neighborhood, but search for the nest was unavailing. 
 
 581b. MOUNTAIN SONG SPARROW, Melospiza fasciata 
 montana Hensh. 
 
 Common along the margins of Crow Creek. It was still in 
 song, in accordance with its usual habit of singing throughout 
 its entire summer residence. Several specimens were taken 
 in the coverts near the water. The song sparrow was not noted 
 at the foot of Flathead Lake, nor at the other lakes in the 
 Mission Range. 
 
 The song sparrow was common in the brushy borders of the 
 lake near the Station; also in the shrubbery along Daphnia 
 Pond. Its melodious cadenzas were regularly heard in suitable 
 surroundings, and specimens were frequently taken. 
 
—64— 
 
 583. LINCOLN’S SPARROW, Melospiza lincoln (Aud.) 
 
 This sparrow was not infrequently noted near the Station. 
 A specimen was taken on July 3, from a troop of three flitting 
 among the bushes along the road bordering the Station grounds. 
 
 584. SWAMP SPARROW, Melospiza georgiana (Lath.) 
 
 Though far to the westward of its regular range, a specimen 
 was taken on August 11, in the bushes along the road border- 
 ing the Station grounds, that seemed to be no other than an 
 undoubted swamp sparrow. It was in company with several 
 other sparrows, apparently of the same species, but only one 
 was secured. If the identification is correct, it will perhaps 
 establish a record for the western range of the species. 
 
 585¢e SLATE-COLORED SPARROW, Passerella ilaca 
 schistacea (Baird.) 
 
 This sparrow was found at our camp near Echo Lake, on 
 July 12, where the loud, clear song of the males was heard in 
 the vicinity of a small slough. Later a male yet in song was 
 seen feeding young, and on the following morning a singing 
 male was taken in the bushes bordering a small stream flow- 
 ing through the slough. The slate-colored sparrow was not 
 heard or seen elsewhere on our itinerary. 
 
 588. ARCTIC TOWHEE, Pipilo maculatus arcticus (Swains.) 
 
 Not uncommon near the Station in the shrubbery of the 
 hillsides surrounding the ponds. It was noted regularly in the 
 vicinity of Daphnia Pond, but was not observed generally in 
 our collecting near the Station. 
 
 This towhee was common in the bushes of the mountain- 
 sides in the vicinity of McDonald Lake. Specimens of adults 
 and young in first plumage were taken. 
 
 596. BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK, Habia melanocephala 
 | (Swains.) 
 No specimens of the black-headed grosbeak were taken or 
 
 noted along the shore of Sin-yale-a-min Lake, but this species 
 appeared to be common in the vicinity of the pond southeast of 
 
—65— 
 
 the lake, and there its rich notes could be heard in the warm 
 July afternoons. On our visits to the pond we always ob- 
 served it in the higher trees, though elsewhere it manifests a 
 . preference for the smaller and dwarf trees. However, when 
 away from the immediate vicinity of its nest, it generally 
 rises to a higher level to enunciate its song or to glean for its 
 insect fare. We found it still in song at McDonald Lake. 
 
 Its singing was one of the enjoyable features of the swamp 
 woods during our June visit to the Station, and upon our re- 
 turn in August it still regaled us with its melody as late as 
 the 12th. The song is almost an exact counterpart of the rich 
 performance of the rose-breasted grosbeak, which the black- 
 headed grosheak also greatly resembles in habits. Several 
 nests were found in June. 
 
 599. LAZULI BUNTING, Passerina amoena (Say.) 
 
 Common in the shrubbery of the bushy hillsides and ridges. 
 It was found nesting in June. Its song is very much like that 
 of its congener, the indigo bunting, so that a person familiar 
 with the eastern species will readily recognize the lazuli bunting 
 by the likeness of its musical performance to that of its relative. 
 
 607. LOUISIANA TANAGER, Piranga ludoviciana (Wils.) 
 
 The Louisiana tanager is one of the commonest birds of the 
 vicinity of Sin-yale-a-min and McDonald Lakes. It was seen 
 and heard daily in our observations, and such specimens as were 
 needed were taken. Its chirping whistle is a familiar feature 
 of the evergreen woods, and its brilliant livery is in noticeable 
 contrast to the sombre regions it inhabits. 
 
 Tt is abundant everywhere in the woods near the Station. 
 Its song so closely resembles that of the robin that the differ- 
 ence is not readily detected except when both are performing 
 within hearing. I[t breeds regularly in the neighborhood, nest- 
 ing in June. In August the Louisiana tanager was observed 
 feeding on the raspberries of the fruit ranches near the Station. 
 On August 20 we noted that the tanager was no longer ob- 
 served in our daily collecting, and it is likely that it departs 
 rather early for its southern winter-quarters. 
 
OG 
 
 612.. CLIFF SWALLOW, Petrochelidon lunifrons (Say.) 
 
 This swallow was regularly noted near the creeks, where ranch 
 buildings furnished it sites for its bottle-shaped mud homes. 
 At the foot of Flathead Lake it was represented by a colony at 
 Polson, and specimens were a-wing at all hours of the day, 
 coursing over the meadows near the shore and above the haw 
 groves in quest of the insects that swarmed the trees and rip- 
 ened fruit. 
 
 618. BARN SWALLOW, Chelidon erythrogastra (Bodd.) 
 
 Small colonies of the barn swallow were noted at St. Ignatius, 
 Ronan, and other settlements of the Reservation. 
 
 614. TREE SWALLOW, Tachycineta bicolor (Vieill.) 
 
 Small colonies of the tree swallow are found at. suitable local- 
 ities at Polson and near the Station. Valleys between hill- 
 sides denuded by former fires, where tall boles and bare spires 
 are standing, are generally inhabited by this swallow, as well 
 as the margins of ponds where naked dead trees are found. 
 It was found nesting at the Cedar Islands, in McGovern’s Bay, 
 in cavities of the decaying cedars. 
 
 616. BANK SWALLOW, Clivicola riparia (Linn.) 
 
 The bank swallow was regularly noted at suitable places in 
 our travels through the Reservation, mingling with the cliff 
 swallow in aerial evolutions above the meadows and the water 
 in about equal numbers. It was observed at Crow Creek and 
 also at the foot of Flathead Lake. 
 
 This swallow breeds regularly in the vicinity of the Station, 
 and the graceful aerial movements of the bird a-wing gener- 
 ally called attention to the presence of the species in the neigh- 
 borhood. Specimens were regularly seen near the buildings of 
 ranches, and near a house the only bank swallow taken, for 
 positive identification, was shot as it flitted over the road with 
 others in its restless pursuit of food and pleasure. 
 
 619. CEDAR WAXWING, Ampelis cedrorum (Vieill.) 
 
 This handsome bird, though lacking the power of song by 
 which many of our avian friends call attention to their pres- 
 
 ) 
 
—-07—~ 
 
 ence, was seen and noted in all our daily lists. Near the pond 
 in the vicinity of Sin-yale-a-min Lake, this waxwing was very 
 common, for above the stagnant water it found the hovering 
 insects that furnished it a plentiful larder. Though the cedar 
 waxwing has only the well-known lisping note with which to ex- 
 press all the scale of its avian emotions, it can vary its utterances 
 of this feeble call to a considerable degree, even to such an 
 extent that it sounds like another note. 
 
 The species was abundant in occurrence at the Crow Creek 
 station and at the foot of Flathead Lake. At the latter place 
 it was resorting to the haw thickets, where it feasted on the 
 swarming insects, catching them among the branches in true 
 warbler-lke manner, and lisping its pleasure in the bounteous 
 banquet spread for it by Mother Nature. 
 
 The cedar waxwing was found nesting in June at the Cedar 
 Islands and in the woods adjacent to the Station grounds. At 
 times it alights on oblique stems of low bushes, flies outward 
 to capture passing insects, and returns to a similar station, 
 acting greatly lke a small flycatcher such as Traill’s. On 
 August 18 a cedar waxwing was taken which had the bill de- 
 stroyed except the bases, as though the mandibles had been 
 amputated while the bird was yet in the nest. The waxwing 
 is very fond of black haw berries; it will generally swallow two 
 or three berries, and then fly away with another in its bill. 
 Between August 22 and 27, a medium-sized haw tree heavily 
 laden with fruit was completely stripped by the waxwing, with 
 the assistance of a half dozen western robins. Later in August 
 the cedar waxwing was observed feeding on elder berries. 
 
 ~ 
 
 624. RED-EYED VIREO, Vireo olwwaceus (Linn.) 
 
 Everywhere in our travels we noted the red-eyed vireo as 
 quite common. Regularly we heard its emphatic monitorial 
 song, and caught frequent glimpses of the performer as he 
 zleaned industriously among the foliage near the branches 
 which supported him. During our stay at Sin-yale-a-min Lake, 
 the young vireos recently from the nest were claiming the at- 
 tention of the parent birds, and upon hearing the harsh “gay” 
 of the elder, we knew that one or more youngsters were crouched 
 in the foliage nearby waiting for some dainty tidbit from the 
 fond parent. This vireo breeds abundantly in the vicinity of 
 the Station. 
 
aes 3 ae 
 
 62%. WARBLING VIREO, Vireo gilvus (Vieill.) 
 
 The warbling vireo was found regularly in all localities under 
 consideration. Like the red-eyed vireo, it breeds abundantly 
 in the Flathead region. The charming song of this vireo, 
 which is not interrupted until the author takes its departure 
 for its winter home, enlivened the bushy woods near the lake, 
 and frequently regaled the ear of the collector when all other 
 songs had been hushed by the mid-afternoon heat. It is inter- 
 esting to watch this songster as it warbles forth its ditty while 
 engaged earnestly in seeking its insect food, seldom lifting 
 its head from its task, singing as it works. 
 
 652. YELLOW WARBLER Dendroica aestiva (Gmel.) 
 
 The yellow warbler was found abundantly in the haw thickets 
 at the lower end of Flathead Lake, where its song was still 
 heard, and its movements observed as it flashed among the 
 branches in its active pursuit of insect fare. We also noted its 
 common occurrence at Crow Creek, in the thickets fringing the 
 streamside. 
 
 It is abundant in the swamp woods between Swan River and 
 Flathead River, nesting regularly in the breeding season. 
 
 656. AUDUBON’S WARBLER, Dendroica audubon (Towns.) 
 
 This handsome warbler was found to be common in the region 
 under consideration. ‘The clear, ringing songs of the males 
 were regularly heard in the earlier part of the season, uttered 
 from the middle and upper stories of the taller evergreens. 
 It was observed on the sides of Mt. MeDonald to 7,500 feet 
 elevation. | 
 
 Common everywhere near the Station in the higher woods, 
 and nesting regularly in the earlier season. Very common in 
 the woods in middle August, when the fall migration probably 
 begins. In a day’s collecting at Estey’s Pond, August 27, the 
 most active bird of the surrounding woodland was Audubon’s 
 warbler, and several specimens of adults and young of the 
 vear were taken by accident beyond what we needed, from diffi- 
 culty in identifying them in the tall trees which they generally 
 prefer. 
 
ee 6ges 
 
 668. TOWNSEND'S WARBLER, Dendroica townsends 
 | (Towns.) 
 
 Whenever we entered a particular clump of small firs and 
 bushes at Sin-yale-a-min Lake, a Townsend’s warbler would 
 appear and manifest great anxiety by chirping in nearby shrub- 
 bery. The place was searched repeatedly for evidences of nest- 
 ing, but without avail. It is hkely that the parent bird was 
 feeding a youngster in the thicket, for before the end of our 
 stay in the neighborhood the warbler had disappeared. We 
 noted one or two other instances of the occurrence of this 
 warbler at this camp. 
 
 Townsend’s warbler was noted only occasionally in our col- 
 lecting at the head of Flathead Lake. A specimen was taken 
 August 6, on the Helena Club grounds, opposite the Station 
 across the river, and an occasional note made thereafter re- 
 garding its presence in the woods in the neighborhood. It 
 was generally observed in a lower story of the woodland than 
 Audubon’s warbler, frequenting about the same level as the 
 smaller flycatchers or the yellow warbler. 
 
 680. MACGILLIVRAY’S WARBLER, Geothlypis macgilh- 
 vray (Aud.) 
 
 Not uncommon near the Station, where it was found breed- 
 ing in June, though only one nest was noted. Specimens were 
 taken frequently in the woods during our August collecting. 
 This warbler is a bird of the bushes, like the yellow-throat, but 
 prefers bushes in low woodland to bushes near water. It was 
 frequently noted in our lists at Sin-yale-a-min Lake; and a 
 family just from the nest was found at McDonald Lake. 
 
 68la. WESTERN YELLOW-THROAT, Geothlypis trichas 
 occidentalis Brewst. 
 
 This yellow-throat was not uncommon in the bushes along 
 Crow Creek, where its song was heard and specimens were 
 taken. It was also frequently noted in the shrubbery near our 
 camp at the foot of Flathead Lake, bordering the haw thickets. 
 
 Common in the bushes and weeds of Daphnia Pond, where 
 it undoubtedly breeds, as it was regularly noted there both 
 during June and August. It was also frequently observed in 
 the bushes near the hoat landing, in August. 
 
=O 
 
 6838a. LONG-TAILED CHAT, Icteria virens longicauda ' 
 (Lawr.) 
 
 This western form of the chat was abundant in the bushy 
 localities near the Jocko River at Selish. Apparently the nest- 
 ing season was just beginning, June 16, as the males were in 
 full song and persistently voluble; but though the bushes were 
 thoroughly searched, nothing was found but structures in the 
 first stages of erection. 
 
 685. WILSON’S WARBLER, Sylvania pusilla (Wils.) 
 
 This warbler, regularly making its summer home north of 
 the United States, sometimes lingers in the Rocky Mountain 
 regions along its northward course, and rears its brood within 
 our borders. One note was made of its occurrence along our 
 itinerary, where it was found nesting at McDonald Lake, June 
 24, 1901. 
 
 687. AMERICAN REDSTART, Setophaga ruticilla (Linn.) 
 
 Abundant in ail suitable localities near the Station. In June 
 it was found nesting in numbers in the swamp woods be- 
 tween Swan River and Flathead River. Not frequently ob- 
 served in the higher woods. Its songs were heard until the 
 middle of August. 
 
 This species occurs commonly in the trees and shrubbery 
 along the streamsides. We found it abundant at the foot 
 of Flathead Lake, frequenting the haw groves and willows. 
 
 701. AMERICAN DIPPER, Cinclus mexicanus Swains. 
 
 Along the dashing waters of the falls above Sin-yale-a-min 
 Lake the American dipper finds a congenial home. Its dark 
 gray attire is quite in harmony with the rocks upon which it 
 stands in the midst of the roaring rapids, as well as the sombre 
 hght of the thick forests which surround its chosen domains. 
 Though we searched diligently among the rocks along the 
 falls, we were unable to find a nest. The American diper was 
 also observed along the outlet of the lake, where the little 
 stream dashes among the boulders on its way down the ravine. 
 We also noted it at the outlet of Lake McDonald. 
 
 The American dipper occurs not uncommonly along Swan 
 River, between the head of the rapids and the mouth. Very 
 likely breeds, as it was observed both in June and August. 
 
af vel 
 
 704. CATBIRD, Galeoscoptes carolinensis (Linn.) 
 
 We found several families of the catbird near our camp at 
 Crow Creek, one nest containing three helpless young and an 
 infertile egg. The low crooning of the catbird was frequently 
 heard in the thickets, and occasionally the louder recitals at 
 daybreak. At our camp near Polson we found it to be one of 
 the common visitors to the haw thickets, and it is very proba- 
 ble that nests were in the adjacent shrubbery. 
 
 Regular summer residents near the Station. Nests were 
 found on the Helena Club grounds and in the shrubbery bor- 
 dering Daphnia Pond. No notes were made concerning its 
 occurrence in August. 
 
 721b. WESTERN HOUSE WREN, T'roglodytes aedon aztecus 
 Baird. 
 
 Not uncommon on bushy hillsides near the Station. It was 
 regularly noted in June, and notes were made regarding its 
 presence in August. 
 
 715. ROCK WREN, Salpinctes obsoletus (Say.) 
 
 The rock wren was regularly noted at Selish, where it in- 
 habited the rocky mountain-side east of the Jocko River bot- 
 tom. No specimen was taken. 
 
 722. WINTER WREN, Troglodytes hmemals Vieill. 
 
 The dark shades of the arbor vitae forest at the head of Sin- 
 yale-a-min Lake, through which the inlet dashes in its tortuous 
 course, is peculiarly suitable to the desires of the winter wren. 
 There is whiles away its hours in happy content, pouring forth 
 with astonishing persistency its little roundelay of song, and 
 whirring from one side of the stream to the other at fancy’s 
 impulse. As in the case with the American dipper, we searched 
 for a nest of this diminutive songster of the brookside. With 
 equal result we tried to secure a specimen without its falling 
 into the hurrying water. There is no doubt, however, that 
 the winter wren is a regular summer resident at this place, 
 rearing its young undisturbed by wandering collectors, and 
 making melody unheard except by occasional visitors to the 
 
 falls. 
 
—72— 
 
 Noted regularly in the thick woods along the inlet and outlet 
 of Lake McDonald. It was still in song. As at Sin-yale-a-min, 
 we were unable to secure a specimen without destroying or 
 losing it in the hurrying water. This diminutive hermit of the 
 arbor vitae forest is wonderfully expert in dodging observa- 
 tion, whisking in and out of the observer's view with provoking 
 restlessness, and generally perching upon branches extending 
 over the water. 
 
 726b. ROCKY MOUNTAIN CREEPER, Certhia familvaris 
 montana Ridgw. 
 
 The Rocky Mountain creeper was not uncommon in the 
 
 woods near our various camps. It occasionally visited the ad- 
 
 jacent trees, and was generally noted in our daily lists. Spec- 
 
 imens were frequently taken on the grounds of the Biological 
 Station. 
 
 W2%a. SLENDER-BILLED NUTHATCH, Sitta carolinensis 
 aculeata (Cass.) 
 
 Common in the vicinity of the lakes and water-courses. Like 
 the creeper, it frequently manifested its presence near our 
 camp by its weak, penny-trumpet call. 
 
 728. RED-BREASTED NUTHATCH, Sitta canadensis Linn. 
 
 Quite common in the woods near the Station. On the first 
 day of our return to the Station, a specimen of this nuthatch 
 was taken on the Club grounds. We also noted its occurrence 
 at Hstey’s Pond, and in all suitable localities included in our 
 August collecting. 
 
 735 a. LONG-TAILED CHICKADEE, Parus atricapillus 
 septentrionalis (Harris.) | 
 
 Common throughout the Flathead region. 
 
 738. MOUNTAIN CHICKADEE, Parus gambeli Ridgw. 
 
 This handsome chickadee is doubtless a common resident of 
 the mountainous regions in the vicinity of Flathead Lake, but 
 
it was not noted by us until Aug. 11, 1901, when a specimen was 
 observed on MacDougal Peak, at an altitude of 6,500 feet. No 
 other note was made regarding its occurrence. 
 
 748. GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLET, Regulus satrapa 
 Licht. 
 
 The golden-crowned kinglet was rather common in the moun- 
 tainous woodlands of our itinerary, and undoubtedly breeds 
 here, as it was noted regularly in the middle of June, always 
 active in the tops of medium-sized evergreens and birches. 
 
 749. RUBY-CROWNED KINGLET, Regulus  calendula 
 (Linn.) | 
 
 This diminutive inhabitant of the evergreen foliage was not 
 uncommon in the wooded mountains. It was noted at Hcho 
 Lake, near MacDougal Peak, in the middle of July, several 
 individuals generally associating in restless movements as they 
 foraged among the trees fringing the water. One specimen was 
 taken. 
 
 754. TOWNSEND’S SOLITAIRE, Myadestes townsendu 
 (Aud.) 
 
 A young of the year of this species was taken on the cliff 
 at the lower end of McDonald Lake. The female parent bird 
 was observed at the same time, but she was not secured. No 
 other specimens of Townsend’s solitaire were noted, but its 
 calls were often heard near our camp. 
 
 756a. WILLOW THRUSH, Turdus fuscescens salicicola 
 (Ridgw.) 
 
 One nest was found in June, in the willow swamp between 
 the two rivers. The female was taken with the nest. No other 
 specimens were taken, or other notes made concerning its oc- 
 currence. Later it was found to be not uncommon in the willow 
 swamp-woods. 
 
 758 a. OLIVE-BACKED THRUSH, Turdus ustulatus swain- 
 soni (Cab.) 
 
 This thrush is common in the region near Sin- 
 
yale-a-min and McDonald Lakes. It did not appear 
 to be nesting as commonly elsewhere as at Flat- 
 head Lake, as no nests of the season were found. 
 However, a nest was found along the trail beside Sin-yale-a-min 
 Falls, on a horizontal branch directly above the head within 
 reach of the hand, containing two eggs, July 11. The notes 
 of the olive-backed thrush were regular features of the woods | 
 during our stay at Sin-yale-a-min. 
 
 Abundant in all localities near the Station, and breeding in 
 numbers in June. Probably disappears from the neighborhood. 
 about the middle of August, as our last notes regarding its 
 presence were made on August 9. 
 
 T6la. WESTERN ROBIN, Merula migratoria propinqua 
 Ridgw. 
 
 We did not find the robin as common near Sin-yale-a-min 
 Lake as might be fancied. With the exception of one family on 
 the northern shore of the lake, we did not note the occurrence 
 of this species. In this instance, the parents were feeding 
 young still in the nest. 
 
 A nest was found on the cliff-side east of McDonald Lake in 
 a clump of maple, with three eggs. The robin was observed 
 visiting the water falls in the face of the cliff, to bathe and 
 drink. 
 
 Abundant in the vicinity of the Station as a summer resident. 
 In the second week of August, the robin was observed in small 
 flocks of ten to twelve. During the last week of August, the 
 robin was feeding greedily on the black haws, associating with 
 the cedar waxwing at the plenteous banquet. 
 
 768. MOUNTAIN BLUEBIRD, Si%alia arctica Swains. 
 
 Not common, but occasionally observed and noted in our lists. 
 A specimen was taken on Mt. McDonald at an elevation of 
 7,500 feet. 
 
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 
 
 Of the one hundred twenty-eight species included in the 
 foregoing list, it is probable that at least eight are fall mi- 
 grants, breeding in the far north and entering the United 
 States early toward the close of summer. It is likely that the 
 remaining one hundred twenty species breed in the Flathead 
 Lake region or near the northern border of the state. At 
 least thirty of the birds listed are permanent residents of the 
 region; the others are summer residents only, spending the 
 colder months in more southern localities. 
 
 In this connection it may not be amiss to make a brief 
 statement of facts, gathered from the preceding notes, which 
 are considered as worthy of special emphasis. The long-tailed 
 chat, Icteria virens longicauda, according to the A. O. U. 
 Check List of North American Birds, ranges north to southern 
 Montana; our observations continue the northward range 
 of this chat to beyond the middle line of the state, as we 
 found it common at Selish in the middle of June. The note 
 relating to the occurrence of the swamp sparrow, Melospiza 
 georgiana, may require revision, as the specimen passed from 
 the bands of the collector, who was unable to obtain author. 
 itative identification; the skin is now in the University collec- 
 tion, and will receive careful attention in due time. The same 
 statement applies to the specimen labeled western gull, Larus 
 occidentalis, as there is a doubt regarding its identification. 
 If authentic, it may denote an unusual eastern range for this 
 gull 
 
 The abundance of the western evening grosbeak in the vicin- 
 ity of the Biological Station should be remarked. From the 
 middle of July the characteristic chirp of this grosbeak was 
 especially noticeable, and at that time parent birds were gen- 
 erally observed feeding young of the year in the trees near the 
 station. ‘There is no doubt that this grosbeak breeds plenti- 
 fully in the neighborhood, and I am of the opinion that it 
 nests later than is generally supposed, thus causing its nest- 
 ing to be frequently overlooked. 
 
 In conclusion, the writer desires to thank the Director of 
 the University of Montana Biological Station, Prof. M. J. 
 Klrod for the excellent facilities afforded and the opportunity 
 of a thorough study of the summer birds of the region under 
 consideration; also to thank the President of the University of 
 Montana, Dr. O. J. Craig, for the neat and artistic manner 
 in which this report is presented for public distribution. 
 
Accipiter 
 COOPETINE, Ort sta ota Ema Ga AO eS 45, 
 VL ORE Ee el te pide gees RPGS e Came we deere ete Cone BEd o> 
 ACUTE MnACUlaTIa 2 ants oss iy Puree heals, Eh ohms 32, 33, 41, 
 ECA aS WOU OTe Gs Lee cie lay eee rte diene 
 Agelaius phoeniceus .......... A eG 548 
 PAUR ASO IGA UN 2 Nea ine wat (ete mie easels oa at , 
 Ammodramus savannarum perpallidus....... 
 A TODE IS “COG TOM Wein eed, ck tan arene reese 22, 66 
 Anas 
 DOSCNSS Vi cisaee eae be ee ee ee rere eee 
 CaTOIIMENSIE: Pa Oa. chm nn tt seen ere en eee 
 PLO tala ch TyVSACLOS Mtr icy ite ie ens urea ne eee 
 Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis.......... 
 PAOLO. AW PSOTLIATV IES greta, here tee nen GPRS Wa aoe 
 Asi Nal gz. sabe Feval eat ce: Wi ES hha aay ae tideuly oF Mia yea 0 
 Bigtern.American (2 AS yo, rasan gic 
 Blackbird 
 TO WEI Sl cutie wars bis es aa hee ee Reet Pepe 59, 
 Riedewingeds vat ca thee esses we en eee ae 
 Bluebirds MLouytain avec eee oe eee nee 
 BODOG pr tevaa erat oe er Rr Ps SSRI i ag el Gla 58, 
 BO DSWOLDO eee ee a nan east we eee ee Wr ee RA | 
 Bonasa tumbellus umbelloides ............... 
 Botaurns lentiginosus, 7. ..js. 6% n ae 
 Branta canadensis ....... aR MTR PO LR ie Poet 
 Bubo -yirginianus subarciacus 2.02. es . 
 Diitie-leads (cae ahd oe comcast Monee cae re amen 
 Bunting 
 aval leven y leet et Mev re a5, aa ey oe pias 24 
 See A FIR Oi ere gre Nay IA Me 2 TAA sia i lea Lee 7, 24, 
 Biteo. borealis walurisc Gore ve Va eee 
 Calida warenaria (asian eh veg. Whur see re ciate 
 Cav nOGaOUS WCREGINI co a vlead sanmll co ate oe 
 CUCU Pare oes pike oot Seen we ac cee PEE GE es sce MR eye i iat 
 Deon loens spilea tus. jee .uersgu Se ie oan a 51, 
 Vertiia damilians wmontana. .0.> jek see ae 
 Very le 7alevOnrge cou eet coie ae eee she rene cate 
 Charionetta albeola ....... AEA ene Mia SO gh 
 Chat, lone-sailen at cen tam sane A a Marae 70, 
 
Page 
 
 Chelidon erythrogastra ........ MLE Eta 66 
 Chickadee 
 
 AC UAE CRE ONS et a «yD, Coeze less Vingse va, Shea 34, 72 
 
 WEOMIMAIIG ce. want Peep oc ary eee CES mare V2 
 Chordeiles: virginianus henryi .............. RS, ao ae 
 Cinclus mexicanus ........ ae aie NERA para 33, 70, 71 
 ESTERS, UOWHEG SIA a TH) Clee i arr ue ge evi) Se i aU oe ar eri 45 
 PEE Ie Cleat Ol tums pedtonrer sa: ftleeeeroastehd 8 tb o/s 66 
 Coccothraustes oeperuine POULUATIIGS phy sua: 60, 61 
 Coceyaus <erythrophinalnig i. 04.1% 5 lakes - 29, 30 
 Golapres caler)e.e 52. os. ess Ne sie asa ar 53 
 OTIS VAT OU ta Ns folic os ataye Whe Aa as 43 
 Colymbus nigricollis californicus ............ 37 
 Contopus 
 
 |i ASRS Ie owe ears eae pera La Pilea eras Bd 
 
 PACH ALCS ON Litre ed aseal at Ga eed, Wha aus snes os bd, 56 
 Corvus 
 
 PURKUE RCE ALU MM OR A ALUN coche oe ug gies Cal 58 
 
 UTA UN UTES TNS Gs ot ieee ae OL a eet SY peleate: 
 MeN CMOS ORR Parg hs ciieyes ee Sy hal gies ie Rha wk 18, 59 
 Race rer LOCUM NOUN ie, fad baths 3 «44 rene Doss 72 
 Chess or lea A MOTICaT ae slug yp akss cis, & ote s fococp's De cee OUR Gd. 
 POW NTIGLICANY Net yy aly oie vhnswie ible wae Ra’ 5a. o8 
 APU Oars AO SOTLET gir. et yee a gts. fie ae Ee ome 29, 30 
 Gr ere benea ter POC yy sce lacs a ieus-p pie.d © op 06 = 42 
 Cyanocitta stelleri annectens’..............-. 30, 57 
 rad LEMS CULLAER MRED RRD Dl ass eae eed as 39 
 Dendragapus 
 
 caine | becaae cee Petcare dete ya Sun eye 44 
 
 PeCU Res MICH APOAGOMIE wae cs oace so ce eee ied eon 3+ 43, 44 
 Dendroica 
 
 OSL EV am red et oe Pair ss eG Lara pone U7a6o 
 
 STS A ICOSE TR gg esa Car as EPA AO ae ae NE ee 15, 68 
 
 eS NUIE CNG) Pun ose hate Gene OES RS, os TAP a Se ig” Hawi sg 69 
 er mee Or Oia arcws We cada Fas ee cea Dee gout Used 
 PTI CHON MN OT MIVOIU Gey sa eic ist cia h cca hace e 58 
 Veh fem, et Ga Wa tn ee Ma Re Mia ae Pane A5 
 Dryobates 
 
 PALNGSGETIA OFCOCCUSE ld tg ue sia anaes Weis in is 50 
 
 PRL A ILA UTR VEOSCODIGs on eta stievera din nce Atlee ts 50 
 IEEE VOOM E fate ans) Atel PF tistava sd sca mee tat 39 
 Eagle 
 
 EC | ONE ANE Sg a an epee are 46, 4 
 
GPOLden mS as erg cee Perle eames ee eee 
 Empidonax 
 
 iit NDE T Poe meme g ea RD Bite SOW ta eS Ye ae ye Ag Opi a 
 
 WES EL ae ot aia ts ee ere oe eee eee 
 Falco sparverius deserticolus ..........2..4.4 
 Bineh.-Gagsinis Purple: otis, sire. vce ee 
 Flicker 
 
 Golden-shafted. Hrratwm: read Red-shafted. 
 
 Red shatted Mor secon ee eee ee ieee eens 
 Flycatcher 
 
 Rive Bi Od So hav tee esrb ty auc tete ast ta Ca uamaeann ee 
 
 Eagle aS Ose ee ER Ea ER ENE EEE 6, 26, 54, 
 
 WiPro ats: yan ois ak Bee a ana eints beeen eter 6,320, 
 Galeoscoptes;carclinensig: eae ren, 
 Gallinago belied tases. tact emer cer ce rcceh remeber 
 Geothlypis 
 
 macoillivia yi asec ee ker ee bile ee 14, 
 
 LPT CWS OCCLOGCTILANIG pe met ond cte fila Ate haere tke 
 Glaucionetta clangula americana ........... 36, 
 Golden-6ye,. American 057.00 tie. raeeeastints ne tdons ey Sole 
 Goldiingh American”... sak bis sees ae ete pee 
 GooseseCanmatlarn is: Aiea conewr otk oe eae caret 
 Grebe 
 
 AMELICal -ared os yer ane heen et eee 
 
 Paede billed ox. eee PRR DAE 3 
 Grosbeak 
 
 ‘Biack-headedisi ce eee. ecu ee ee eres eres 6, 24, 25, 
 
 Rose-breasted? siesta tek wee te ee 24, 
 
 Western ivening <<).77. oe uss e fees ee 6, 16, 60, 
 Grouse 
 
 Columbian 2eherp-tailedic a ce cde ee eee 
 
 Lip 20a ¢ Wald Weave RR aCIKIE RON Ia ag Rav Air cl a9 
 
 Gray Rifled 525) ci. ances ae ay See eee 4, 
 
 RiGh arason wae c ate mat Re enn ee ASAT « 
 Gull 
 
 Ran ol Led trrcy ghetto auroras ar raed hie nen ee 
 
 WNIGSTOTM Hols ctime car ahs cain Gh aur eat iat ae ee atpn ee 
 Habiaemelanocena glass <tcstc a sae ee ene 
 Halisetusleucorephalis 246.544). «2s see 
 Hawk 
 
 American Rough-legged ...............06. 
 
 VJ O8ert Oy PE Eno Wee neces es ea ane eae 
 
 OO PEL Hes Bina eee id lesa sida oc ah taal och dt a 
 
 64, 
 
 31, 
 AB, 
 
Page 
 
 IETRSITOS MCU AB Es JAN oe ER letra a ee re 45 
 
 SEE ASS SITET? ies Sa ag IN, Sea i Oe aie 30, 31, 45 
 Hummingbird 
 
 aH Dem anmis teen eerie seer ise ete mA 7, 54 
 
 Bice se THITEES 9 2 a fir ce, a pe ean aaa Pare 7, 86, 54 
 Teteria, virens longicatida® v2.0. e.. ee ek ee phipeie gs. 
 » PICT ISSO SUINRTEN a Vee OER AS ni A lee 59 
 Jay 
 
 mele CAO te waster tS er Mae ate ols siet eos ao yt 4, 35, 57 
 
 ERGeOMme ROM INGATE ea tics Ra ace copie rks 4, BY 
 UR CCeR PU OM REge tM tu CR TS Tee Oy cor. Oo 
 are tamerrst ete oie bc hc casita dor ak ROWS: chs, 42 
 StL rete ere coe eh 7, 22, 28, 36, 52, 54, 55 
 
 gS AS ICT IDET oo de ie ei a er Sr ie pe i er tote 36, 55 
 POS OPA OL CU cies Cte ae heats, Gt 49 
 Kingtet 
 
 (ROlg Orricr O WIN ters 2 oe le thi des tee cal tca ba i> 73 
 
 LES UW ETO) An (od UPR pli a ce Waa eS ae ead Pun 73 
 Lark 
 
 PACEOrL ALLOINGty weer ines unt cata hee ea. 55 
 
 Om BLO LCM tamer ate et etn gs hk ws cos 57 
 Larus 
 
 Cosy ON GLLGIR aM ne Pe mail eu otrs tele se vw gat 38 
 
 CECH GIT A omer erie atu ee AC ee hs Wel so on 38, 75 
 EO renee eek at terete ahy ei aiee wale 37 
 
 PVG nT On Ge era eres re hs akg am we ee 38 
 Ppinrociomborer Guleu lads sete. GAM fail ho 38 
 Mex awl Ort rae NOT we Leo wrg weet e 8 60 
 ire A IMONICH eM iiss celina) toyics ws Aly aaa ee 55, 57 
 DUES Ce Oy cy es a 1s i ce a 39 
 REE One lark W\WCSUCTIN: \ <.cr coer ss che eee wbte es 6, 59 
 Megascops asio maxwelliae ................6. 48 
 Moelamerpes LOrgUAtUuSMeie iat tht ctw tee ne es 52 
 Melospiza 
 
 Pate ava OU GANA Mt whee ate. tye aes Sk NG te ls 63 
 
 POCCOLATS Not Tea emie eta res Gains: so earar rite (nh 8 64, 75 
 
 RECOM et eae tee oe WAS ON eet, 6-4 
 MEE CARROT AMERICANUS Oss ci ete act a ee 38 
 miopraneer,OATIOTICRIT (i. cattle sare Mine ton as 38, 39 
 
 USE WNT SER AE Beast iii vent atl Pane aa Me AE 38 
 Merula migratoria propinqua ............... 9, 23, 74 
 UV TRESS CE, Wo MSA ae A Ave rs toa gr @ Pen 59 
 Dyacestes TOwnsendit | h03 i's ileal Noelle "3 
 
Page 
 
 Nighthawk, Western ............ SRR eyecare 28, 53 
 Nucilraga feo int bia na ig see eee ee ees 58 
 Naumenius ongrostites | Gc yee enone ee 42 
 Nuteracker, Clarkeaitcy, si eis seh ie eae nee 4, 58 
 Nuthatch 
 
 Redabreasted.. u.io: cs es oe tek meena cee eee ee 72 
 
 Slendersbilled, eis 2k Shiu. cere een a tae 72 
 OnioleeBuihociss suse uce son gee cleke emer smee 59 
 OSOre ye LMericaly <a. gieadne eerie see 7, 30, 47, 48, 60 
 Otocoris alpestrre: arenicola (10.5 cere eee 56 
 ion PEPCSLPIN LeUCOlAe MAN ST oo mea alent fete 57 
 Owl 
 
 America nsbono- eared ve iar tae fia iisGe eccrine, 48 
 
 Rocky Mountam Sereect. oye een ean 48 
 
 WGSh@TITRELOITIGG alc yy oier ORNS bee la ens eappee aw 8, 48 
 Pandion haliaetus carolinensis ............-. AY 
 Parus 
 
 atricapillus septentrionalis ............... 72 
 
 Cambell cae ce tee eee eee 72 
 Passerella iliaea, schistaceay.c. . Sab ue meee wae 64 
 Passerina amvena. 3. pu cn peat aee erence 24, 65 
 Pediocaetes phasianellus columbianus........ 44 
 Perisoreus canadensis capitalis .... 752. .5.5.- oO” 
 Petrochelidon: Innitrons (ean see ee es 66 
 Pewee, Western Wood 2.2.5 sss, 06 sees (RS © 
 Phalarone;: Northern = iri lee: .ee ere eee 41 
 Phalaropus: lobatus 00 vane Gone a eee ee pee 41 
 Pica nica sh ude onic. tag Crteires ease rere ee Pere 5Y 
 Picoides 
 
 EUICLC US heads i Gls eon ety ae orci net teres Caron 50 
 
 AMCTICANUS GOPELLIS cue ence sul ore ne nee 59 
 jGAN EY) | Roem ety SNP ROMO paTy ou en Ahm atn SL aed Lela Ans 39 
 Piolo MaACulatusvarchicua tic. eye tee Minas oye 64 
 Piranea AUCOViCINS ute Cie mae Bees it Me Eee igh 28, 65 
 Podilemibus so0dise ganas trceeires a uigemeiatc nes 37 
 Pootactes OTaMINEUS: CONLMNIG Measure cewek 62 
 POrtiar carolina ciees ce, Uae nore eee ea ale A() 
 Ravenel Mericady.tes te «aleios wae eee Sees Date Ou aoe 
 Reueiart, GVIMerGAN oh. ts eater ene ere Ge. ei ey 
 Redetail 1 Wesbern 72), we aie aes sea ne eee 46 
 Regulus 
 
 AOAGS AGRIC ea MANN Go Oe es ge 
 
 SALTS koe 1 7oe Gin W joe Wig aie eat Crane eins ne RR 73 
 
HECLULIV AR) COLOT HM ete ais 2h 9, 23, 53, 65, 
 Salpinctes obsoletus 
 Sanderling 
 Sandpiper 
 LEY SRD Sbo on AOU deeelaet neh Ras oleae et ee ee 
 Bartramian 
 SYIEL EDS HOR CSR By lang ane Mae Mae a ar ee a 
 URE MeL G DT eS ne el ce a ake gr ne a rea LES SO Bye 
 Pa OSUCK EC MmRCGlTADC merch (0. Sle ys cadd'a. che 
 Scolecophagus cyanocephalus ............... 
 BIIPYTOLNVeR HEY PHVARVISS (eo) gate ear mrs Sepa eae 
 pre GU Ue toe idan aes teh ayy. OP us ieee 13, 14, 
 PLU LChICO eee eres eaten Pt a, ess oy teal 
 eHEA SUR Bi 712 cg die ota trai a ata 7, 8, 15, 47, 60, 61, 
 Sitta 
 SWAP TA RSIS GG ree ia eae ne eR ta, 
 CRTOMMNEMSIS POULCATR MCC stasis lens, 2k cow coo cae 
 Baie seViLSO ls ree otra pity ae rec ioY e a oui hoa 
 Bolte LOW Sen deren y mire y) cake n ura atarei ceeds 
 SA AGS bat ag yl etn a Oe a eR a; 
 Sparrow 
 POSILG LUl Gtnrarreyerns Mama tla tee, ol Poi aks at 
 REUTERS ULM LIC mmtater stale ale dirip. sitar es thatthe 2. 6, 
 SILER CORT Cen meme ia ta Gico tgs te state noolg! 
 pia CEN Varo eee sete Wee Rie oi, als ital’, v4 oo 
 Vlog sh veriaeh (CU Tay erbal tay sea cse cn eaten Tieton trereat PASSAT 
 WASLOITI GTASBERODDOR I: saj2 505 es 6 wee lane oss 
 VWeSEOr Ty CS TCTM ae ete te taken at tale eg «dees sae 
 mpltyrapicus varius nuchalis'). 4. ..0..0.. 5. 
 PUEREMELCS URE Lee SSL vale Gt up ria ear aan nga ae 
 PDIZelaCBOCLAIISN ALIZONAG cena eo crice a save gee < os 
 SCM ame iO olecwemsemr merece etter ec 
 perm OPOLeL ign neta AC, a arene oto 
 RVeM A Magna NeOlECtR sic). cot cuss sees + 
 Swallow 
 oan Rae oe edt ep eee Mie 5 a A eke 
 
 O81 MO O18: 7.6 6) we 8)'0) a 6 8h & 18 OO Or 6 we 
 
 o 0) Seale “s) 6:8) Oe 6, “6; (0, 60) 0) 06 6) we. (ele e €. ee 
 
 Sere IIT CV etme eer ee Se Sea eta ait 
 Bere aTitan vist diel GS arenes ee ee oh erie ata eets 
 AormeNeLAn DICOLOT mae oz uw iiereiers ele aay 22, 
 aM aarp GIA Ais etree a cives's sa sare ob re 
 
 23, 
 
 34, 
 23, 
 23, 
 
oH Page 
 
 eal aGabeenaw iced Stennett eee 39 
 Wern, SHorsterg ben ants or tee ee eee 38 
 Thrush 
 
 Olive:backed eae 6510, 1119205522, 530 one 
 
 Willdwiicc as Vesa ce hee mee amend 6, 13, 14 Bo ae 
 Totanus 
 
 HAVIDeR Dee eles oT ec een CRN eae eee 41 
 
 MCIATLOLEUCUB Wow ae cee ais ee ee eae ene 41 
 
 SOUT ATT US bn pe 6 te tr Oe Ree 3 anne Se a 42 
 SL OWLGO, SA TCLIC 2: Qe erry ne otc eine ace ee 64 
 TTS a Tar diieest sisi eae Lae acaeh Gh ete ee ane 41 
 Troglodytes 
 
 HeON PATLCCUB Laeger ke Ngee Onn tae eae gpl 
 
 TVA TS EA Bett, UNA Ree eet al ane eee ree 
 Turdus 
 
 LUSEESCCNARCAIICICOINS Mae te rane ee ee 12; 14, 33, 7%3 
 
 VESEULATUS BS WOINGON mater ett cn ee eee eee 10, 19 Soe 
 Tyrannus 
 
 VBR TRORCAUE Rite ONO RDA A tues. Geary whale rand 22, 28, 36, Sot 
 
 VELUICH ITO pe Mie een Le eae teen ee Ror eae 36, Do 
 Urinator 
 
 AVS 5) at eR RE DUANE arch Minin) itn icmathc At, 37 
 
 Trini Go phy BO el, eterna eee ean een 38 
 Vireo 
 
 CUEVAISS Sacra ace ate Phil ee eee ome ee 19, 68 
 
 OLVACOUS Bic. creer onthe: veh yk ne eee ee 20, 21, 67 
 
 Hedseved Wie ey catia ae ee eee eee 6; 20,021,460 eee 
 
 Wearolinig (cin Ieereiace haere ten eat ten tee 6, 19.20, 2) sso 
 Warbler 
 
 NUCL DOUIS 2 ects end cate oO ee a Y, LD, LT bose08 
 
 IM acoillivray soi tier acdsee 2 ere eo ee 7, 14, 34,69 
 
 PO Wnsend's 9 teh ete: Lote cee eek whee erate 69 
 
 Wilsoriis (rate) ea teroe i cm tasers tecnea ono iad 34, 70 
 
 PY GLOW iain Aue Stee tn cee arte et eae aie! eee 6, 17, 27,008 
 IW ecw AC OULAT anne ae, LA ete a etiens one ome 4, 22, 66, 67, Tt 
 Woodpecker 
 
 Alpine -bhree-t0ed sieGta hie Set screen cee f D0 .gom 
 
 Archie In ree-F0Rd 2 ie cee ern tenets a eee 7 oO 
 
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 . Series No. 
 
 Biol 
 
 Univ. of Mont., 
 
 Bul. 
 
 and the Upper End of Flathead Lake: 
 
 at the Biological Station 
 
| ge RAR 
 
 OF THE FA Ra 
 
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Plate'll. 
 
 Bul. Univ. of Mont., Biol. Series No. 1. 
 
 Swan River, at the Biological Station, Showing characteristic Forest of the Region. 
 
isa; h 
 et 
 
 Pa 
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Bul. Univ. of Mont., Biol. Series No. 1. 
 
 ‘YSNIU YT, PayoVq-9aAl[O JO sdsqy pue JsoN 
 
 Plate III. 
 
Bul. Univ. of Mont., Biol. Series No. J. Plate LV. 
 
 Fie. 1. Nest and Eggs of Wright’s Flycatcher, Zmpidonax wrightii 
 Baird. Compare with Plate VII and XVI. 
 
 Fie. 2. Nest and Eggs of American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla L. 
 
ae 
 
 ' ; m 
 ¢ J me ros ae y 
 ae - s 7 ff 7 at 3 7 
 
 a 2S otaey ew OL) SS Re re 
 
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Plate V. 
 
 Bul. Univ. of Mont., Biol. Series No. 1. 
 
 Nest and Eggs of Cedar Waxwing, 
 
 Ampelis cedror 
 
 - 
 
 um Vieill 
 
Bul. Univ. of Mont., Biol. Series No. 1. Plate VI. 
 
 Nest and Egg of Black-headed Grosbeak, Habia melanocephala Swains. 
 
-Bul. Univ. Mont., Biol. Series No. 1. Plate VII 
 
 Nest and Eggs of Wright’s Flycatcher, Hmpidonax wrightii. Com- 
 pare with Plate IV, Fig. 1, and Plate X VI. 
 
ee 
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Bul. Univ. of Mont., Biol. Series No. 1, Plate VIII. 
 
 Fig. 1. Fig. 2, 
 
 Fig. 1. Osprey Nest on the Bank of Swan River, opposite the Biological Sta- 
 tion. Taken with wide angled Lens, orthochromatic Plate. 
 
 Fig. 2. Same Nest as Fig. 1, taken from the same Place and at the same Time, 
 with telephoto Lens, magnification eight Diameters. 
 
Plate IX. 
 
 Bul. Univ. of Mont., Biol. Series No. 1. 
 
 Nest and Eggs of Black-headed Grosbeak, Habia melanocephala Swains. 
 Plate VI. 
 
 Compare: with 
 
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 LIBRARY 
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Bul. Univ. of Mont., Biol. Series No. 1. Plate X. 
 
 Nest and Eggs of Lazuli Bunting, Passerina amoena Say. 
 
Bul. Univ. of Mont., Biol. Series No. 1. Plate XI. 
 
 Nest and full Complement of Eggs of Red-eved Vireo, Vireo oliva- 
 ceus L. From Photograph with Orthochromatic Plate and Ray 
 Filter. 
 
vi i 
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 eee’ 
 
Bul. Univ. of Mont., Biol. Series No. 1. Plate XII. 
 
 Nest and Eggs of Warbling Vireo, /ireo gilvus Vieill. 
 
Bul. Univ. of Mont., Biol. Series No. 1. Plate X11 1. 
 
 Nest and Eggs of Andubon’s Warbler, Dendroica auduboni 'Towns. 
 From Photograph made at the University of Montana Biological Sta- 
 tion, with Orthochromatic Plate and Ray Filter. 
 
Plate XIV. 
 
 Bul. Univ. of Mont., Biol. Series No. 1. 
 
 Eggs of the Spotted Sandpiper, Actitis macularia Linn., in 
 modelled after a Nest found on the Beach. 
 
 an artificial Nest of Sand, 
 
088 graeme gm 1 
 
 ay Amo 
 
Bul. Univ. of Mont., Biol. Series No. 1. Plate XV. 
 
 Nest and Eggs of Yellow Warbler, Vendroica aestiva Gmel. From 
 Photograph made at the University of Montana Biological Station. 
 
ing 
 
 4 
 
 hi 
 
 LIBRARY 
 (OF THE. 
 CN 1 Shieh. 
 
 wate es ~ Smee 
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 Cs. a : 4 
 
| Bul. Univ. of Mont., Biol. Series No. 1. Plate XVI. 
 
 Wright’s Flycatcher, Ampidonax wrightii. Top View, looking into the Nest. 
 Compare with Plate IV, Fig. 1, and Plate VII. 
 
OT 
 
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