Ss . 34.65 )4: Bul 2 Bulletin No, 42 ; rs ee MM. LEIGH TON COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS James F.. Woodward, Secretary eg en ee Ne tiem me BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY George H,. Ashley, State Geologis COAL BEDS IN JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA Introduction. In 1918 Jefferson County stood tenth in Pennsylvania 1s 2 bitu- minous coal producing county. In that year, 5,140,855 tons were Produced, valued at $14,660,229, and distributed as follows: . Meeewvece Fons, valued at 512,408,728 were looded at the mines TiO ees Siapment; 109,462 tons, valued at’ $286,249 were sold to local trade, @nd uscd by employees; 171,451 tons, valved at $355,408 were used at Ghe Mines for steam and heat; 719,696 tons, volucd at $1,629,844 were mide into ‘coke at the mines. There arc Gleven coal beds in the county;. Some are only a few mencnes thick, two are of great importance, and five others are docally minenble.. The Lower Freeport coal. is the most important, and Whey bower Kittanning second. The Brookville, Clarion, Middle and Upper Kittanning, and Upper Freeport are locally mineable. | Jefferson County, situated in the north-central part of the state, is bounded on the north by Forest snd Elk counties, on the east by Clearficld County, on the south by Indiana County, and on the west by Armstrong and Clxrion counties. Its greatest width from morth to south is 32 miles, and from erst to west 25.5 miles, ‘Its prea is shout 666 square miles. The popuiction in 1920 was 62,104. Jefferson County has many railroads. The Bellwood Branch of th- Pennsylvania Keilroad enters the county from the south near Bowers- Ville, runs northwest and brenches at Elk Run Junction: one branch runs north to Anita, ind the’ other west to Punxsutawmey and Fordham. The Low Grade Division of the Pennsylvania Railrond enters the county trom the west near Patton, runs northeast to Brookville, Reynoldsvill.: ev ae and to DuBois, Clearfield County. It runs north from that point, and crosses the northeastern comer of Jefferson County, serving the Brockwayville district. The Pittsburgh and Shawmut Railroad enters the county from the west near Timblin, runs northeast through Knox and Brookville, and terminates in the northeastern corner of the county at Delwood and Lanes Mills. The Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh Railroad follows Clarion River across the northeast corner and Mahoning Creek across the Southeast corner of the county. Several branches serve mining towns not on the main line. The New York Central Railroad has a few miles of track in the county west of Brookville. It has trackage right in Jefferson County on the Low Grade Division of the Pennsylvanian Railrozd east of Brookville. The Erie Railroad has a few miles of track in the northeastern part of the county. The Pittsburgh, Shawmut and Northern Railroad also-usem this track. Jefferson County is a maturely dissected region, with rolling flat tepped hills which represent the remnants of an old penmeplain. The valleys are greatly diversified; in places the slopes are steep and rugged, in others gentle. The streams have broad flood plains in the soft rocks, but in the hard rocks they flow through narrow ravines, ‘ STRUCTURE. The rocks of Jefferson County are folded in a regular succession of approximately parallel anticlines and synclines, having 2 general northeast-southwest trend, Chestnut Ridge anticline is a broad fold east of Punxsutawney On which the rocks rise 1000 feet in 9 miles. Pungsutawney syncline lies in the southeastern corner of the county, and passes through Punxsutawrey. In the center of the basin, ‘which is flat, the Upper Freeport coal has an elevation of less than 1150 feet above tide, From that elevation the coal rises gradually southeast toward the Chestnut Ridge anticline, There appears to be a broad bench on the slope between Chestnut Ridge anticline and Punxsutawney syncline in the region north and west of Juneau. This bench is believed to be responsible for the aceumulation of gas in that area. Perrysville anticline, lying northwest of Punxsutawney syncline, enters Jefferson County near Perrysville, and trends northeast across the county. This anticline has raised the Freeport coals, so that they are within easy mining distance of the surface. This fold is best defined on Sandy Lick, from which point it subsides in both airections. Na > ~ 4 ¥ \ 2b’ ‘ ‘ ey . “Yy a. 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P ia ay : t ne 0 tees ys) e Fae ’ ' Pe bile ~ r ‘ a 4 J i t p ‘ { At b vit % 4 ' ye 3 he, 1% : ‘ + | 7 ‘ ye : ne AY) Tuk NWR By he } : ye ; : , ‘ ep > ’ a) a 4 ; ' wi - ae : as i elt dnt “ey * rid feed ! x f \ ele WN y o 7. * “| on ve aoe (y 4 i : frees ae ad sith 5 ty 7 ity? i sho De iil Rae ae oh J We) i 4 < i Het RY) ay rca bee e Nas | Shag ce Rok ose Th ied , av * « ri ’ i‘ p ' H f ‘ oe a, te , e TAS wy a u hae Aes Pi 2% balls Sai ohh ial df ‘ bh ae « f 4 , re « ou will ee T a. A a Sr Lane cree ; fs ¥ 1 f. “Te ‘ n t ‘ ifn yee 3 , GRAV 1 pty a % J * in H sy Pie e/ is 4 Tee ' Aa % J H H a . ei Tae wed SG ¢ r, ' 4 ‘ - 1 " . eta re On hae i { j oe ee AEE Ae Ye at. fs ; Ts A Aw ph tae | Day Sy A De BL eG wm! Sih *! 1a 9 . + i . 4 i * " G . 4y ‘ t 5 { ie thy. if ‘ peek) ay ; ft: ae). M¢ gy J » - ‘ « 1% y - ~~ hdl uf ir? ¥ Mf . é é ) , Ws . Aad, ren SY : £ A nels ve , ! hi gi eyes _ y , Ms f Pi ee | ae be auf ‘ f u v i ‘ - ls a 7 3 A i x 1 ; ’ 7 is 4 | ’ hd . 4 ij j s Panty 2 i\ 2 ‘ et) ‘ t ; } { Smicksburg syncline lies between Perrysville and Roaring Run anticlincs. It is 2 broad shallow basin, lying about two miles north- west of Perrysville, and flattening out just northwest of Rockdale. Roaring Run anticline is one of the well defined structures of Jefferson County. It enters the county nesr the southwest corner, and trends northeast near Coolspring and Warsaw. The dips are rather gentle on botn flanks, and its axis varies greatly in elevation. Leechburg syncline, lying northwest of Roaring Run anticline, is & broad shallow basin, with the exis rising gradually northeast, Ringgold, Worthville, Bellview, Port Barnet, Richardsville, Warsaw and Schoffner's Corners are situated in this basin, Brookville anticline lies west of the Leechburg basin, and enters Jefferson County just above the mouth of Little Sandy Creek, extends northeast near Brookville, and leaves the county a few miles Horth or Schoffner*s Corners, The fold is well defined, and its axis a8 straight. The dips on the flanks ere rather gentle. Fairmont syncline enters the county eat Troy, and extends north- east into Eldred township, where it flattens out. It is 2 broad Shallow trough rising gently northeast, Anthony's Bend anticline crosses the county from near Corsica to Millstone on Clarion River. It is a well developed structure at Corsica, where the rocks dip strongly southeast, but flattens out northeastward. Centreville syneline enters the county about one mile northwest of Corsica, and crusses Clarion River east of Clarington, It is the Shallowest basin in Jefferson County. Kellersburg anticline, crossing the northwestern tip of the county, is 2 broad fold, with gentle dips on both flanks, The structure in the northeastern part of the county has not been studied in detail, but probably there are two or more minor structures in that region. STRATIGRAPHY, The outcropping consolidated rocks of Jefferson County are of Carboniferous and Devonian age; the Conemaugh, Allegheny, Pottsville and Mauch Chunk formations are Carboniferous, and the Pocong is Devonian. Sand, silt,. and gravel deposited by streams at times of high water are present in the larger valleys. The Conemaugh formation has been eroded in most of Jefferson County, and is nowhere intact, It is composed of sandstone, shale, thin limestones and unimportant coal beds, The Allegheny formation hss been entirely eroded in one-thiréd of Jefferson County, and the total thickness of 300 feet is present only eae * i. 5 4 ; : ; { OEY e feh & ‘ ¢ . aie 7 / dy “ f ‘ - Ad , ’ b ” i Le] . / . - ~*~ ’ ‘ : ts . . AS A @ v rh ete ety ae M “ al t * - - = - ag . * tJ 4 soe Co Rb \ y ‘ A ee . N } a f w Pt aly ee” if Barra vestry o> 8) b.: Gitta : ate i y he DN a Bea) es aa ig f 1 b / . < ie aMa n $49 e J “A ie eh : : j Cath go ak ae t a ed yy 4 Fav at yf? pee i 4 \ i * | ey oy = r a “he bt al ale i, f wre , recy cies + eee Be 4 : 7a F kK ” s ‘ft g ve re ao .) aa ‘ ot tee “ue i ‘ oe : : hi 1 pe Maes ANY in oo ee ey ey Se ‘ th 1. i eal Pe 1 he V6 , | ‘ P oh ait hey r ' ; ae t ‘ : A , we . Patt) ‘ Py , vind an { on ¥ hee y Ly he ’ pe a é ‘ ! ' Au i ie La vo <3 ‘ ie ee, ek a ri 1 he oe eS y / Cad Bode CEO ey eS a Bee ree : f eal ; ; , ys Saar " tar uo \ * Le) ' 5 ce fom, aM nt cee , ni ay ‘a j i bleu hile A ued hy) Naf’ dew j : hej a inal TH ee ple ¥ r ‘ \ as F ; a : ; Nene PRI Wee A " , POLS Al fs edu! f . + ~ 5 Laat ey Pie / ay riya ot eon! 9 fe cee Cr a Ant att rie: Dik ees oe RTD etn iy al i Oe + soa ASE ft: ‘ to? avd W ; ia ‘ ie yes A x eo a aN rhe! ji i; ane ara eae tee a kee grim om ee cy CO ly Ae ' f if { vy. s § oF eb ie sf hel ’ ¥ wd i yey mayer ¥ P i dadtal, aah ras 7 : , wht 3 ; ¥ en Ta boat &* ; ‘ F / Ly . ? Ay ’ t i fs yf . D : ma i What EN ULNG tS i , i" if. Paid DRED AN ST ty A iden hoe j ‘ es Oe = gtorg. wii hd ae ost i iy i BO oe ae | RR A A a ah deo Ph ete | AAs Mig ry “ ) ante a f ‘ ’ Occ St a , 18 4 : SION Nye Pear “spe qi yes pee 6% ees ati oh fist i: ’ a t her roi 4; Be) ae ihr sigh yy is bya me wie ut Vd Tel at Wein! S ety ; they 4 ; eke Ay oe ele ay Mae wea * ne : fide ye, MP Toa: MRL AL OER ae ab ds hes Ay rae te a ae P may, gal en as vi | ae it Dagny homerh Sea oe MEY | al Gs a -*, on io, - i a ‘ae au wes { ie Md i ee i Helens ihe li 2 Ba ‘4 wg: wnt 3 + het is bis oN te: « ” V i nee 1 i f 4 ‘ ik i 3 F ney oa PEA aie Yi bad ei 4% i 4 d 4 ey. ak ey . . ' —_ ¥ A we Oey 9 er ee eke ee Ny eka aif ings ah Saag at ime a Dey Lem 2° aod & 4 Soa re gi kt pea. Pa ie nk A The Wek Loon baht re Ra, } j ae ee ee ‘ We ae oe fk y “4 (y OR ENAG ota: & LO Ye onal 1, | Gt lees ash ap iy rx 7 ; , Ny 5 «4 Te) ci eae veriie, Temes ae NEA Rae ate yaatort ih is We di iraeagh a enennonnpacrmarmenrarenrmr eas TONE J , “ie S ¥ . \ f f " 44 a f z veg ¥ My newis ihe de! hs Bie! i Le ¢ ve ‘eka ia ; " 1 Nae . peirtat yi cuit Sh Suet Aas es Pie aaa we lbh ah ie) hse” at an » ‘wi thy chy a Ws Rot Ps wht " ae Mons OT! F note" tity gt be hare ! oe ok mi "i Ty eo ne ni ad ve ait Ape *) Pow: in the eastern and southem parts of the county; The Allegheny for- mation is composed of massive sandstones, clsys, shales, limestones, and several important coal beds. The Pottsville formition, outcropping in the northern ané west- ern parts of the county, is 300 feet thick and composed of massive sandstones, Shales, clay, and cocl becs. The Mauch Chunk formation, outcropping below Summerville on Mahoning Creek and on Clarion River, is composcd entirely of shales. The Pocono formation has 2 very limited outcrop on Manoning Creek and Clarion River. It is composed entirely of sandstone, COAL BEDS. abere are eleven coal beds in Jefferson County, three of which Ope, Of great importance; five others sre locally mincable, one the remesincer are only 2 few inches thick. The following table shows the stratigraphic interval and the range in thickness of the cosl beds. a a ee Conl beds in Jefferson County. Range in ; Ave rage thickness Neme of coal bed interval of cool beds Mahoning - - -----+-+-+-+--+-+-+-+-- - 0% - 2t0" es ae Re Rte Nace atte bun bo or Sa ee PR a BOM 45 (Hower vFrecport (¥D'}— = =< 2) sae ee ee Te ten ( | : 50 | Upper Rittenning ("Oi")! -'- =. - =. - -)--% = OF - 380" 5O Alle zheny aes FA Goeninitieto ) Sea a em ee OT SA hon 55 (Lower Kittanning ER INR re a gO OE A od ie ah rir Mg wR A @ ( ; 60 (Clarion ("A'") Sag oe lye Boag Re alle ety Pied To Reg tie Eee 1 Cg ek eam @) See band 4 BJ ( 30 eae Ce eek ret wen am tak feet oe en ae OT ae, BG EQN nee Pe ha eye at eee ba on ale le OE OT ON ‘A Leneinig’ . ap wh afte Mcreer r Coal. Tne Wiercer coal is prebably of workable thick- ness in Some areas in the equnty. Its thickest outcrop’ is 9 feet at Pullers Station on Sandy Lick Creek. It is dirty end carries three thick shale peartings. The Mcreer coal has been mined at Port Barnet, where it averages 2 feet 4 inches thick, is é@irty anc high in sulphur. : Brookville ("4") coal, This coal, lying at the base of the Allegheny formation, is mined extensive ly in the Brookville district, its type locslity. "In the vicinity of Summerville the Brookville coal ranges from 2 feet & inches to 5 feet 6 inches thick, and Carries a 2 to 6 inch bone parting 14 inches from the top. The lower part of the bec is hizh in sulphur, It averases 4 feet 4 inches thick at Cornifer, inclucing an 8 inch bone partinz 11 inches from the top, At Heidrick Junction the coal averares 4 feet thick and Carries the characteristic parting. Where opened in country banks north of Brookville in Eléred to. ship the” coal averages © feet 2 inches thick, an¢ is Le ty and, high in sulphur. “In the vicinity of Puller in K ox bOn us hip, tie coal averages 4 feet, and has a meximum thickness of 6 feet; The bed contains a 4 inch bone bincer about 18° inches from the ton, thet 4 extremely hare to separate from the Coal. The bed is locally 5 feet thick in: th vicinity of Reynolcs- Walle, including 1 inch-of shale near the miccle, At Falls Creek it ae Loeatly 4 feet thie%, including 1 to 2 inches of shale near the micdle » is . ‘ *y 5 . } § a i. 7 _ The Brookville coal is ceep uncer cover in most of the southern part of the county, but drill records indicate that it is rarely too thin tp be minec, althouzh it varies zreatly in thickness. The Brookville coal is hard, has uneven fracture, and cull austre. it varies from 34 to 36 Saws cent volatile matter, 49 to 53 mer cent fixed carbon, 8 to 14 per c 2 ent ash, and 2.5 to 7 per cent sulphur. Glerion ("A'") coal. This coal, lying about 30 feet above the Brookville, averages less than 6 inches thick in Jefferson County. It has never been mine c bower Kittanning ("B") coal, This coal, occurring 90 feet above the Brookvilie, is locally important in "Jefferson County. It is thin anc unimportant; anc only locally is of mineable thicimess in Barnett, Heath, Polk, Eldred, Union and Warsaw townships. diy The Lower Zittanninz coal has a local maximum thickness of 3 feet: in the vicinity of Brockvayville. Its average thicimess is less than 2 feet. In Washington, Winslow, Hencerson, Pine. Creek, MeCalmont, Oliver, ‘mox and Rose tovmships the bed seldom exceeds 2 feet 6 inches thick, and averages about 2 feet. The Lower Kittanninz averages 2 feet 3 inches thick in Clover, Beaver, Ringgold and Porter tovmships.: Probably its greatest thick- ness anc best quality is on Pine Creek, where it is extensively mined. At that locality it averages 3 feet thick, including a inch bone parting 12 inches from the top, anc locally 2 or 6 of bone coal at tle topl = See nehes a a 4 ¥ aie Bi ysae pa f NA a Sey * res Pay oF bs 7 : a 7 ee os 4 " , Bear ‘ ru Pay alee Te ’ ‘ WE AAS Eat sin Day NGS aN ‘\ ye i) d E a Alyy ey ; } ‘ Avie pe ary eas +P , Adios 4 no i l - a 4 ‘ 7 ‘ + -_ i * “ vet an i ‘ i i a i - . i , i e ' { Me } . n iY j YVR . » Ne | a Sea hy 5 | f , ” j ’ 4 de® . \ ) a 4 ’ tl pily i is " 4 , if 4 ’ . > ‘ } 4 hs : 4 * , ‘ ‘ 4 + 4 ‘ 4 1 | ’ i 1a * , ‘* ‘ Ve RK i r n nm ’ : 4 4 ? ‘ © ? i * ‘ ‘ e 7) i . Way x | is ey { ¥ vt é Fad ere . A ‘pices ” iW... ae u ‘ Fi . ay & Rene» ty we! { - ' Pa et . an : \ ; Ag t . , Np. vee! 5 hai y vik se ie . pate ? . h ron i oh — ' $ { ; — ae CNet ’ 5 , . : ‘ A ee ‘ ‘at " 4” bh ee ; / % / i Md q fi ‘ TT, Oe A } i i ny Vai i 1 : wa ; ' ‘ a oe i 4 ep Lop eae Shiny » é ile f { ihe jee i uy 4 » ‘ My i ay é “4 nh J ‘ ‘ it (are roa tibie » 44 ig d Fa ' Ps i. 4, oh 1 \ P eee ty ’ yore 7 Yr waa 4 9 bi ee i's Ro ns ( co i) vr 4 \ i i { 1 Ll ; f x" ri as 1 (eet The coal is locally 2 feet 10 inches thick in Perry, Young, Bell, Gaskill anc Henderson townships. It is deep uncer cover and little is known of its quality and thickness. The Lower Kittanning coal is soft and friable, and breaks up when mined, it has a dull lustre, and an irregular cubical cleavage. The volatile matter ranges from 33 to 37 per cent, the fixed carbon from 46 to 57 per cent, the ash from 6 to 14 per cent, and the sul- phur from .9 to 3 per cent. ; Middle Kittanning ("C") coal. This bed lies about 55 feet above the Lower Kittanning coal, .It is thickest and best in Union township, where it averages 2 feet 6 inches, and has a maximum thick- ness of 3 feet 6 inches. The bed hag been opened for house coal at many places in Knox, McCalmont and Union townships. It is locally 2 ee nick in other townships in the county, but openings in it are ..: ew. | aN The Middle Kittanning coal is locally 3 feet thick om the middle branch of Pine Creek; 2 feet thick on Big Run in Oliver township; «on the headwaters of Little Sandy Creek it is 4 feet 10 inches thiok, with a 10 inch shale parting in the middle of the bed, In Clowr township near Troy it igs 18 inches thick; at the head of Beaver Ruy in Rose township 4 feet thick, but is mostly bony coal. It is uni- formly 3 feet thick in the vicinity of Rose.’ In Union township, South of Corsica, it is locally 3 feet thick, and north of Corsica 2 feet 10 inches thick, The coal is clean and good. East of Corsica it is 2 feet 6 inches thick but rather impure, The Middle Kittanning coal is locally 3 anc 4 feet thick in Warsaw and Washington towr- ° Ships. The coal is clean, without partings, and has excellent quality. The Middle Kittanning coal ranges from 29 to 34 per cent vola- tile matter, 48 to 55 per cent fixed carbon, 7 to 12 per cent ash, . and 1 to 3 per cent sulphur, Upper Kittanning (1071) coal. This bed, lying about 105 feet above the Lower Kittanning, is generally thin and unimportant in the county, although locaily it is thick and mined, In Ringgole township, on Pine Run, the coal has a maximum thick- ness of 2 feet 9 inches. In Union tovmship, near Corsica, it ranges from 2 feet 6 inches to 3 feet thick, and is opened for loeal fuel, The Upper Kittanning is rarely over 2 féet thick in the northern townships and is poor in quality. It is deep under cover in large areas in the eastern and south- ern townships, and little is know of its quslity am thickness. It is mined extensively along the Pennsylvania Railroad iz Winslow and Washington townships and is persistently 2 feet thick, having a local maximum thickness of 3 feet. It carries no distinct partings or binders. y ! yb ‘y ‘ le 5 4 von : r ok . 4 hi i Ay A ‘ “at ea ae . of’ wie An Aw What ae . hae { iy ; e ie cet he ea f t ; Tra, a? SF bs CD Ms - ' : “As . r i ou at , , sy ne" “4 . Ae acer Ms i. 4 vy, 5 a ¥ hy ny! ele eA ‘ag ann a a ¥ etd boy a a tear 2 2 ates AL. te a an | 4 aS Pape ie Ny vy iy? +. va rm thy Hi ’ ) P : ti ed) i Nis 0 ; Kit 4 E j 6 Lr ig cae Ut he the aS + To : f Ve tt 4 4 4 Je ) y i i i | PVR Ok SRC Ae, nm ‘99 J Al , 4 ' ie y ay SS , } ° i f 4 wy y { eh ; + Meer, A) la ‘ i an 7 i 7” “ \ , tf Ny I ps ee a) | A i f f " y 1 rn j Mat | : * ‘ 4 Avs Wie . ua i i ' y hoe Thea : i : 2 @walii-y es 1 4 5 ‘ - A yaw . « i ra ‘ ay 4 hr | Ne | ‘ ‘ - aT, 4 - ‘\ : 4 f ¥ > » ‘ a } ) . , ¥ ; ‘ nr] Ny ‘ Nt | yi bs oe “he he ‘ } ¥ , , pe ' ; A i ( ‘ ; z , ‘ a ‘i y ' ; ¥ " ‘ é * i ’ ' ) m . j is j P : , Re) Hy th 4 ‘ y 4 r ee I ‘ ; ‘. f ; se a. \ * } ? . oP " ‘ ' w p ane | 4 \ \ , h t } 3 ; MY : ; / v L" bine * 4 Ciplind A ‘ ‘ 7 A ® ay we? nt . { y! } 1 ah" Fo) 44 aie DAR ; é 4 : K > i + i ; 7 2 =e Aus ‘ 1 y yi i “ ; ¥ ) % | sy f + at ; ‘ - » . > . 4 e ai , ' "4 i A ' het t , * ‘ Ml fy a> ; ik pS fap hoy od He ek ‘ A ) * Pia hod if 1 . F : j f f i WIA idee ¥, ~ my We ' as b , a ’ Hi Ale Os moe ry bi oe, ne, aA ary os \% ; Nah 5 ayy A ? v 1% J My ) 4 } 4 / nt } f + } \ eR r r Ps io that qh ‘ ‘ ne > q i ¥ h) ; fi i} if as Ve at ar ane a Bye nee ‘ ' i Pa Lil - / j j Lie wis wivik Litre / {ey eee | " ‘ \ ' 7 . p ¥ <] ia Me 7 + on “a : 4 Kein haa MT ab Keane tt igh ta bat 4 i f ay » Pig Tae x ‘ " » 7 4 iy) ‘ , Sa j he Ta nig F : oa Vi "oe ie , ae oe ‘id i" 3) Fibs: te ae ‘, : ya 4 , aus Mi nh ae f 1 ‘ Pr AS i eu 4 é wi tg¢ yy f a oe fea) vy Aan 4 Deny] | gly MERE The Upper Kittanning coal commonly has 30 to 35 per cent volatile matter, 52 to 56 per cent fixed carbon, 7 to 11 per cent ash, and 1 to 4 per cent sulphur. Lower Freeport ("D") coal. The Lower Freeport coal, lying 155 feet above the Lower Kittanning, and 45 feet below the Upper Freeport, is the most important coal in the county. The Lower Freeport coal averages less than 3 feet thick in Porter township, but is good clean coal, In Perry township it ranges from 3 feet 2 inches to 6 feet 6 inches thick, and is extensively mined. It averages 5 feet 6 inches thick on Mahoning Creek, and Carries one or more bone partings, irregular in thickness and position, In the vicinity of Frosthurg the coal is 4 feet 6 inches to 5 feet thick, occasionally slaty and bony, but generally clean, The Lower Freeport has been mined extensively for many years at Anita, Adrian, Horatio, Walston, and Punxsutawney in Young township. The coal a as: "to (ae feet thick, including a bony bench at the top, averaging 4 inches, and local bands of ‘bone and pyrite. At Walston the coalis 8 feet thick in some mines, and free from partings and binders. The coal is 4 feet to 6 feet. 6 inches thick in Bell town- Ship, and carries no distinct impurities except a bony ben@gh at the top, usually not over 4 inches thick, The Upper Freeport coal ranges from 2 feet 6 inches to 6 feet thick in Gaskill towship. It is usually free from partings an@ binders, but in some places is split aoe: two benches by an 8 inch shale parting about 12 inches from the ottom, _ Probably the greatest thickness of the Lower Freeport coal in Jefferson County is in Henderson township, between Big Run and Desire, Here the bed is locally 13 feet 8 inches thick, including a Qe foot shale parting, 2 feet from the top of the bed, At Eleanora it ranges from 3 to 8 feet thick, It is clean where 3 feet thick, but: the greater measurement includes a bone parting 1 to 2 inches thick, about 10 inches from the bottom, and 8 inches of bony’coal at the top. The Lower Freeport is mined extensively at Sykesville, where it is 5 to 6 feet thick, including a bone parting l to 2 inches thick, 8 to 10 inches from the bottom. The top coal is aiso bony in places, In McCalmont township the coal ranges from 3 feet to 6 feet 6 inches thick; averaging over 4 feet. A bony parting averaging @ inches thick, about 2 feet from the botton, is persistent in exten- Sive areas. A local bony parting about 1 ‘inches thick is present about 5 inches from the bottom. In Oliver township the Lower Freeport coal averages 5 feet thick, is regular in thickness, and only locally is split by one or more thin bone partings. In Ringgold tovmship the Lower Freeport coal is variable in thickness, reaching a maximum of 5 feet, Its average is much less, = we 5\ ay Sera ee ED ne ay PR, Oo ne ee aS eas | Peds ae: - ad Wy wthiy Ly Hy: ths , 4 aya a! 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Po a aw 5 wae th ni at ’ aA \ wat ry ss » ; oN ‘ j He ; ’ r' ie EAS in Ae Vig « - jak ei . » 7 ‘ j { i ( Pay ei ee? my) > es eh ; Pap ah aa nahi NRE 1a ie CEL a. A? ay Se Oe ‘at ad , : ; ; i res ba eee ‘ *, "apa In Beaver; Rose, Clover, Pine Creek, Union, Eldred, Warsaw and Polk townships, the Lower Freeport coal varies greatly in thickness and quality, although there are large areas in which it averages 5 feet thick, and has fair quality. It has not been mined extensively in these townships, as it is generally rather dirty and higher in Sulphur than in the eastern and southern parts of the county. In Some places several thick bone partings make it useless. The Lower Freeport coal has been eroded in Barnett and Heath townships. In Knox township the bed averages about 4 feet 6 inches thick, anc is usually clean coal. The coal is mined extensively in the Ramsaytown and Knoxdale districts, where it averages 4 feet 6 inches eae a hitaaeng two thin local bone partings, at varying positions in e bed. The Reynoldsville district in Winslow township for many years has been the center of extensive development of the Lower Freeport coal in eastern Jefferson County. The bed is extremely variable in: physical character. Partings and binders are present in some mines, and are lacking in others; in some areas there are bony benches at the top.or bottom. The entire bed averages over 5 feet thick, ranging from 4 feet to 8 feet 6 inches, The ‘Lower Freeport coal averages over 4 feet thick in Washington township,-and has excellent quality. In the vicinity of Falls Creek, it is 5 feet thick, including a 1 ineh parting, 12 inches above the bottom of the bed. It has been mined extensively for several years in the vicinity of Coal Glen, where it averages 3 feet 8 inches thick, In some places it has one or more thin bone partings, and is high in gulphur, In Snyder township the Lower Freeport coal averages 3 feet 6 inches thick, locally reaching a maximum of 5 feet. It has a @haracteristic l-inch bone or clay parting 8 to 12 inches above the bottom. At Brockwayyille and Crenshaw, the coal is almost worked out. The Lower Freeport coal is soft and friable, but mines out in good sized lumps. It is a "stick" and "block" coal, with alternating bands of bright lustrous and dull "mother" coal, It ranges from 28 to 35 per cent volatile matter, 51 to 60 per cent fixed carbon, 4 to 13 per cent ash, and 1 to 5 per cent sulphur. Upper Freeport ("BE") coal. This bed, lying about 45 feet above the Lower Freeport coal, is very irregular in thickness and variable in quality. In some places, however, it is a fine bed of good coal. In Porter township the Upper Freeport coal generally is thin, and is never over 4 feet thick. On Pine Creek it is a good clean coal and is mined at several places. The Upper Freeport varies greatly in thickness in Perry township, Mf ~~ 8 - NY Te tee ed oo ‘ 4 : 5, ie i i , * 1, . . . cee 1 Rp. Pee HALE tahini Ave APRS eh it ps t : bins 7 fe ar oars Ss A h ’ ll Fe RS) , ’ * ‘ re tt ae Be OE bat - a” + ‘ ‘ } ‘ e ; ‘ 7 \ AL Yat } eM ‘ 4 \ . ~ P 7 ay, . \ j ’ hy > a gue 7 . 4 d a DI 4 i, Ws 7 ‘ 5 ae f " ) i bags ' } ' 4 \ ‘ { t b 1 f if x y ' : ‘ $ Sn, ca et ‘ : vk ty ‘ , é ‘ i v A, Te ‘ \ w > 4 t | ete y ie ee LS a>, ¢ rion, pela C980 Soa pel 4 Reon dc Mc * ‘Sin % ‘ bt dra iE BY aq i 8) PES Ase bf eb “ee , ta . Pa $6 f ' : ore . ‘ J { Hy he ay ‘ i \ be’ Aw ER | ict, Pl ty = Eh eka y." = fh a Co dy Rie Ee Aig es ae tes BRR 9 eh RR en ae | | ot Aw nya hie Hey a Oba Cait Lavi aa Gamior wolenth. Ae ate Lee RO a ARS A et f ACen a Roe y Giro. Mies is «OT OD. 0 hes Eee a Pik ee: Sad ee! 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UR Me 210 ve fe ak PM BUR eae “on ahd pret ' m ; RNY Ma ¥ yen ) - " ti : ity ob ie Pts if Len iy MW Yj rae 12 Sea RM ee Rh att a ih et ae lhe picks aipe yee ace j a > i, fe a: / ‘ ome fanart Av OB SE, Api Delite D2 AAs: yh aye 4g as ie “A ebe a le : q u 4 3 * me F a) Ae We cat t if WEP GnbN a Ieee) Paes es Os ate cade: ape iy Paha} ASR Maes ae ei 4. j Maa ‘ a ink Fiabe? ag Mt _ i iy & he i i, ; ieee é ie , oH ’ i ee Oy “i ys Ee netseanyarah, ea 4 '* +4 “a Pe * A 4 t ue kg ot aa ih ah sy) Dh WAT ‘fb? ! Pook ta tl Pg) Bo pay F } ay i be t « y ‘ as ap ain ‘ [ps i “+4 ws “ " cag ark dia: Hil aa omg ai ‘oat L: Ma but is locally a good thick coal. It is mined extensively at Frost- burg, and averages 5 feet thick. Thin bone partings may be present. At Anita, in Young township, the Upper Freeport averages 3 feet of good clean coal. It is 3 feet-‘6 inches thick at Punxsutawney,not including a bony bench at the top, usually 8 inches thick. The bed has a maximum thickness of 6 feet in this township; but invariably carries numerous "knife blades" of pyrite and bone, making the coal much inferior to the Lower Freeport, The ‘Upper Freeport coal averages over 3 feet thick in Gaskill township, and although it is not as good quality as the Lower Free- port, it is mined at many places along the Pennsylvania and the Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh Railroads. Near Hillman it is 2 feet 10 inches thick, including a thin bone parting, In the Big Run djstrict it ranges from 2 feet 8:inches to 4 feet 4 inches thick, Where thickest a bony bench, which is 2 inches thick and hard to Separate from the coal, occurs about 8 inches above the bottom. It is mined at Onondago, where it averages 4 feet thick, including a l to 3 inch bone parting 8 inches from the bottom, In Henderson, McCalmont, Oliver, and Ringgoid townships the Upper Freeport coal ranges from 12 inches to 5 feet thick, averaging less than 3 feet. It is impure and locally carries many bands of pyrite, The largest development of this coal in these townships is along Pine Creek, Here the bed averages 4 feet 4 inches thick, ° including a bony bench at the top, usually about 9 inches thick, and & local parting of bone coal 2 inches thick near the bottom. It is Mined just north of Anita, in McCalmont township. Here it is 2 feet 8 inches thick, not including a bony bench of variable thickness at the top. The Upper Freeport coal has not been minec extensively in Winslow township. It averages about 3 feet thick, but is dirty and rather high in sulphur, When the Lower Freeport coal is exhausted, it will be mined more, The Upper Freeport coal is mined extensively in Washington and Snyder townships in the Coal Glen, Brockwayville and Crenshaw dis- tricts. Here the Lower Freeport is rapidly being worked out, and the Upper Freeport is the next best coal, It averages about 2 feet 6 inches thick, and is fairly clean but high in sulphur. The Upper Freeport coal ranges from 12 inches to 2 feet 6 inches thick in the central, western and northern townships, not already mentioned, It has been eroded in large areas, and is opened only for local fuel, The Upper Freeport coal’'is soft and friable, and breaks up when mined, It has a dull lustre, am an imperfect cubical fracture, The volatile matter ranges from 28 to 355 per cent, the fixed carbon from 53 to 59 per cent, the ash from 4 to 12 per cent, anc the sulphur from 1 to 4 per cent. Mes Ua Ae el ae ee ’ Pity \ aay fhebwe we it i r e | ‘ y : : M4 y) ' ‘ ’ . NU : j be aw i ‘ “iy \ t "yy Pit 1 my 4 ti ee Lona 9 at fo Sia - n a a “ x) " f | 4 woh 11 Oe ae Bye ae hk ve , \ Ni vy OE 7 a ote a yl ee f ah tio f a ae ; f . ' -. ae Py : wip . 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