ad : We Ay ; ; é Vo! 4 7 Wiss! o ¢ ’ ‘ ° te Bigot ra : & * apa if TSR ‘ Ge SIM 7 iy Beach 2 Ps F ; 1 rae, > 4, ie Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. University of Illinois Library OU ~4 1995 FER 28 tbe L161—H41 \ a? a” GATS eR? mate iE S ain SSeS Sea ae Cah A ra PENSACOLA River _ (THE NAPLES OF AMERICA.) AND ITS SURROUNDINGS ILLUSTRATED. HOUSE AND POST-OFFICE, PENSACOLA. meeNEW ORLEANS MOBILE \ ae | AND PEE RESORTS OF THE GULF COAST. } | . COMPILED BY W. D. CHIPLEY, General Manager Pensacola R. R. BY REQUEST OF THE CONVENTION OF APRIL EIGHTEENTH. SSS ee : ee | Dg PUBLISHED FOR FREE DISTRIBUTION. COURIER-JOURNAL PRESS, LOUISVILLE, ie — W _“saitiunnoddas- ONY. — ASE SaAVaSaor ee o SS oS ay) sy} Zt sae WTIOOVSNdd, “lO dVW- ZF Cag = LE ae Zr-_D0OOVY 1) SZ Bee CS ee Z : a Nee . ; LLL rail | igaylit\ WIOOVSNAd Ula L———— wIpIO oud, (| e- = SS ~ ~ ~ SDA) QUO TH Sogn oaaes, pUL0 TT $f GF \ Z \\ \ : | | popbog Wwer~ 4 ‘ie TO} LOMO A CF Child UDUyOL, GQ noe i d0500SN J & qtariuo},Uurg Pee @ Rls) At SLHE ATR BREATHES UPON US HERE MOST SWEETLY.” HOW TO GET THERE. FTEN with the tourist, () still more frequently with the pleasure-seeker, and always with the in- valid or emigrant, the question, ‘‘How shall I get there,” is of the first importance, not being secondary to the desti- Zz nation. It seems, then, “aes a f entirely appropriate to = give first the best route to Florida, and tell after- wards of the soft, balmy © atmosphere, and the attractions for the sportsman Y with rod or gun. ‘Travelers from Pittsburg and - Cleveland, and west thereof, find their shortest line 1 f)\ta/ Ne FORT BARRANCAS, | - we to Jacksonville via Montgomery, Alabama. Consider these figures: : N } S oe BMEEECINCLY LOM) ACKGOHVINIG, % i094. Fo) Pre ecole ol ape iar 425. miles, ht Ber Caer etO PENSACOLA, i.) tice ele 5 accwa ee oe co ge 2) O09 males, whee) Difference in favor of Pensacola, .°... ..... . . 262 miles, Travelers from all the great Middle and North-western States must go to Montgomery to get to Jacksonville, if they are ticketed by the short line. Arriving at Montgomery, they can reach the Land of Flowers, at Pensacola, within seven (7) hours, against twenty-five (25) hours, the best known time to Jacksonville. At Pensacola, the resident of a colder and less genial clime will enjoy the most perfect transformation. The senses are rapt by the novelty %) 4 PENSACOLA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. of the surroundings, the suddenness and entirety of the change. As will be shown later, the traveler will experience, in addition to the charms of » climate, attractions and excitements unknown to other parts of Florida. from the East, passengers will find the distance by the most direct. routes as follows: NewYork to Jacksonville, :27 0 Sieg. ovo BeeW ie eh ny a Se New York ‘to Pensacola, i. i000 290 (20.5 Las ee ee Difference in favor of Pensacola, 2 % , 0.3 Ge s%4 sea With the further difference that Pensacola can be reached by a number of lines, all in perfect order, running double daily trains and long lines of sleepers, giving fewer changes than are encountered in reaching any other point in Florida. PALAFOX STREET WHARF, (ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS.) PENSACOLA. The splendid Bay of Pensacola, unrivaled for its beauty, depth, and security, was discovered by Panfilo-de-Narvaez, in 1525. Various adven- turers gave it different names, as Port-de-Ancluse and St. Mary’s Bay, but that of Pensacola, which prevailed, was the true name among the Indians, the natives of the country. The first settlement was made by the Span- iards, in 1686. The first governor was André Arivola, who constructed a small fort, called San Carlos, and erected a church upon the present site of Fort Barrancas. The French took Pensacola in 1719; the Spanish re-took it, and the French again took it in the same year and kept it until 1722, when it was restored to Spain. In the mean time, Pensacola had ee PENSACOLA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. 5 been removed to the west end of Santa Rosa Island, near the present site of Ft. Pickens, where the Spanish constructed a fort, which afterwards was improved by the English General Haldemand. The settlement remain- ed on the island un- til 1754, when, the town being partly inundated, the site was removed to the magnificent loca- tion which it now occupies. Pensaco- VIEW OF BAY FROM CENTRAL AVENUE AND SHOT PARK, NAVY YARD. la was ceded to the English in 1763, by whom it was laid off in regular form in 1765. The town surrendered to the Spanish arms in 1781. On the 7th of November, 1814, General Andrew Jackson, with the American army, entered the town, when the English fleet in the bay destroyed the BARRACKS AT FORT BARRANCAS, (FROM PHOTOGRAPH.) © forts, San Carlos (at Barrancas) and San- ta Rosa. Spain rec- ognized ‘‘manifest destiny” in 1819, and ceded to the United States the entire territory of Florida. She was admitted into the Union as a State in 1845. During the war between the States, a consider- able portion of the old Spanish build- ings were destroyed but many still re- 6 PENSACOLA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. Nea pe eT We LY ee 4 SS ee ee = aS Sviecd we = : . a main, and their quaint appearance strikes the stranger immediately. Since the war Pensacola’s advance has been marked. Its population has been more than doubled, and its progress in architecture can be seen by the illustrations in this book. Extensive docks have been constructed, and other improvements accomplished, which stamp .Pensacola as a growing city. || so: alls pee a { Ni| alll {i al i HE “CITY AND SANTA ROSA HOTELS. LUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGR APHS.) PENSACOLA’S COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE. As this publication is for the eye of the pleasure-seeker, invalid, tourist and sportsman, but brief mention will be made of Pensacola’s commercial importance. Pensacola Bay, spacious enough to accommodate the navies of the world, and deep enough to load and discharge the largest vessel alongside the railroad docks, renders Pensacola’s position unrivaled. Its easy access to and from the Gulf, its direct accessibility to and from the Western, North-western, and Central Southern States, must furnish a very large regular and rapidly increasing business in transportation to and from its ports, not only of lumber, but also of cotton, grain, coal, iron, and all the products of the West Indies and South America. ‘| It is but necessary to add Pensacola’s Annual Marine Statement for the year ending July 1, 1877, to astonish the uninformed. Foreign vessels entered. . . . 270, tonnage 200,801, men in crew 4,273. American ‘¢ Ss Bee PSTN, cs 35,500, 4 sf 987. Coasting”) *§ 8 ek eee lO. &s 59,208, 3s ama Bi 2} * Total vessels . . .’ ....590, sh 295,569, cs 6 Tenn The value of Exports from Pensacola during the same year amounted to $2,291, 822, | \ "GVOUTIVA VIOOVSNGd SONINUAL ANIYVIN (‘SHdVUDOLOHd WOU SNOILVULSATTI) ay SN Ny in = ar “W Vi AT AN: ISTRY aL / eh | i Wii sri) in il il S PENSACOLA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. Consider 7,458 men coming to Pensacola each year from every quarter of the Globe, the 1,200 stevedores and assistants who make Pensacola their winter home, and its resident population of 6,000, and it can truly be said that Pensacola offers more stir, variety, and reality of life than any city in Florida. What port in the State, or in America, can show over 200 square rigged vessels in its harbor at one time, as is often the case at Pensacola? This attraction will steadily enhance, as arrangements are being perfected to export iron and coal in increased quantities, via Pensacola; and cotton and grain shippers have at last awakened to the remarkable facilities that are offered by the port, and the exportation of both has been fairly started. CLIMATE, HEALTH, SOCIETY, CHURCHES, SCHOOLS. Florida has been called the Italy of America, and the thousands who have breathed its genial, healthy, life-giving atmosphere will cheerfully testify that it is no misnomer. In summer the heat is tempered by a gulf breeze of softness and purity unsurpassed, and the thermometer seldom reaches 92°. Dr. J. C. Whiting, from thermometrical observations at his hospital, in Pensacola, gives the following ta- ble of mean tempera- ture for 1876: January... . <0 epg February 0.5 20 Sanse March ~.. 7 7p April... 223 50 eee May) 20.62. dey ae June. <.) 9 o J. July... 0) Soa August’. . 2. Saat September. . 5) ig .noatees | October. 7.2 5 eae November. . . . . 58.89 December. ‘... - 49.60 The ‘Indian Sum- mer” of the Middle and more Northern > States closely resem- bles a Florida winter, and will convey a bet- ter idea than can be written of a season which in Florida ad- mits of life in the open WINTER RESIDENCE OF A. STODDART, OF 175 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. air, while citizens of PENSACOLA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. 9 the North are hovering over great fires or shiv- ering in heavy wraps, as the rude blasts of winter emt to the bone. The fact that the thermom- eter rarely falls below 32° fits Pensacola as a grand sanitarium for the whole country. Three times within twenty-five years yellow fever has scourged Pensacola, but in every instance the ep- idemic was traceable to some ship from an infect- ed port. In no instance has the disease ever orig- inated in the city, nor does it ever extend into the country beyond the city limits. A proper quarantine always protects the city, and in 1875 it kept Pensacola free from fever, even when it was raging at the navy yard, where it was carried by a marine who surrepti- tiously visited an infected vessel for the purpose of trading. Liability to yellow fever being controlled, Pensacola’s baths, boating, and fishing are rapidly increasing its popularity as a summer resort. Winter and summer its healthfulness is marvelous, except during epidemics. To winter visitors the fever is of no concern, as it is gone before they come. They luxuriate in a soft, salubrious atmosphere, with health in every breath. All classes of chronic diseases, such as diarrhea, dysentery, SG fi ell % A Soe ANT .AT NAVY YARD. RESIDENCE OF COMMAND rheumatism, diseases of the kidneys, and incipient pulmonary cases are benefited and relieved by a visit to Pensacola. Invalids in the advanced stages of phthysis pulmonalis who have visited St. Augustine have experienced the too stimulating effect of the salt air. This class will find the same difficulty at Pensacola, with this difference _and advantage: They can remove into the interior, and among the piney woods breathe the salt air of the gulf modified into gentle zephyrs, which _ the invalid may safely inhale, and which never fail to re-animate and ben- efit. At the same time the location is not out of the world, but within less _ than twelve hours’ journey from the cities of New Orleans, Mobile, Pensa- cola, and Montgomery. Statistics testify to the healthfulness of Florida. Notwithstanding the fact that so many thousands of consumptives resort > 10 PENSACOLA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. to the State for relief, the proportion of deaths from pulmonary complaints in it is less than in any other State in the Union. The census of 1870 showed that these deaths were as follows: Massachusetts . . . one in 283 Maine! 5.) ae So ey Vermont. “si Spee ees New York’. | 2atpeee eg Pennsylvania’... Veen Ohio » 2... .°.94.4 Ree on California .°. 3 eer Virginia... Gee Indiana = eee fe 8G Illinois - 2.4.) Florida>;” 3 eee soy Ao The Presbyterian, Meth- odist, Episcopal, Baptist, and Catholic congregations have comfortable church buildings. The illustration shows the Episcopal Church the oldest house of worship in the city, having been constructed more than half a cen- ; tury ago. The system of public schools is liberal and efficient, and in addition a number of private schools are well supported. Principal among the charms of Pensacola is its society. The people are pleasant, refined, and intelligent, and the stranger is surprised at the cor- dial hospitality extended from every quarter. TTT FY | tm ieseaeiingie i ¢ T N «\ SS! Veeeasscusescel o-s sn hom t he@ PemmeceatertirmicterereerMiteenersTSisey) AY ee es HUNTING, FISHING, BOATING, BATHING. By consulting the map of Pensacola and its surroundings, the reader will | observe the net-work of water-courses, bays, and bayous centering at that — city. The water is clear, bright, and beautiful. Surf bathing upon Santa Rosa beach as enjoyable as language can express, the salt water bathing in the bath-houses of the bay, and: bathing in fresh water as clear as crystal, can all be had within a distance of seven miles. One may weary of St. John River, which at first impresses the beholder as grand, but soon becomes monotonous. How different the broad, beautiful Bay of Pensacola! On its rolling waters one can never tire. For lovers of St. John scenery the — Santa Rosa Sound offers a magnificent substitute, with Live Oak Planta- tion skirting its bank on one side, and only Santa Rosa Island, with its | narrow strip of soil, between it and the blue waters of the Gulf of Mexico © on the other, The Perdido Bay is one of the loveliest sheets of water in the PENSACOLA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. II State, rivaled by the Escambia Bay, with its bluffs and ever-movings fleets. Any attempt to particularize becomes confusing, as the special beauties and attractions of the different bays and bayous are remembered. Escambia River is the ‘‘Ocklawaha” of West Florida. The stranger who wishes to enjoy a short trip will be pleased as the steamer plows through the broad, placid waters of Escambia Bay, and then delighted with the luxuriance of the tropical growth as the vessel winds its way up the narrow and tortuous channel of Escambia River to Molino. At this point the excursionist can take the train and return by rail to Pensacola. The fresh water fishing is superb. The waters literally swarm with all kinds of fish, notably trout, black bass, and pike. All varieties of perch abound, including a special kind, a very game fish, called bream. It is not unusual for a good angler to pull out fifty to.sixty of these fish in an hour, weighing from a half to one pound. Both in salt and fresh water fishing is carried on with pleasure and profit the entire year. In the bay and bayous every description of salt water fish abound, and in the season fifty cents will purchase half a dozen Spanish mackerel of the size for which the epicure pays seventy-five cents for one half in the restaurants of New York City. ‘These fish, and the salt water trout, give special excitement to those who love a contest with a very game fish. No one can claim to have seen what fishing is until they have visited the snapper banks off Santa Rosa Island. There the famous red snapper can be caught, two at a time, weighing from five pounds to sixty, as rapidly as the line is thrown in. The lhmit to the quantity catch- able is commensurate with the physical en- durance of the catch- er. An illustration is here given (from a photograph) of four fish caught by a party in Pensacola Bay. One weighing 214 pounds was drawn out after it was killed by shooting, by Thos. R. Hopkins, No.194 SPECIMEN OF PENSACOLA FISH. (FROM PHOTOGRAPH ) Fulton st., New York. 12 PENSACOLA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. = —————— ae Saw It is claimed that no one can know the flavor of fresh fish until he has eaten a Pompano, at Pensacola. Pensacola’s importance as a fishing point is best described by the true statement that its dealers ship all kinds of fish to Mobile, New Orleans and other points, by the car load. An- other very attractive amusement is turtle hunting, on Santa Rosa Island. It is not unusual to find as many as 180 eggs in one nest. From the Junction to Pen- sacola, all around the city, and oppo- site it, in Live Oak Plantation, every de- scription of game can be found, in large numbers, including deer, turkeys, and partridges, with an occasional bear. It should impress every one that it is not necessary to exile one’s self, and endure all the imaginary pleasures of camp life, to secure the best possible sport with rod and gun; both are within from one to three hours’ drive, sail, or walk of the hotels. The splendid duck shooting at the mouths of the rivers, in season, should not be forgotten. Oysters of the finest size and flavor are taken in any quantity wanted. Attention has been turned to planting the bivalve, with fine results. Last winter, Mr. Alexander Stoddart, of No. 175 Broadway, New York, set out 750,000 in Bayou Texar, along the water front of his fine estate. This chapter would not be complete without mentioning the facilities for reaching, via Pensacola, St. Andrews’ Bay, St. Joseph, Apalachicola, and other famous fishing grounds and hunting fields of the Florida coast. Wild turkeys are seen between the rails of the Pensacola Railroad, and along its line partridges roam apparently without fear. From its coaches the crack of the rifle can be heard as it brings down a deer. It is when the sportsman tires of this game, and desires an encounter with a bear, wild-cat or panther, that he needs to seek St. Andrews and the contiguous country. RUINS OF FORT M’RAE, WITH FORT PICKENS IN THE DISTANCE. fists t PENSACOLA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. 13 THE VICINITY OF PENSACOLA. The pleasure of boating at Pensacola is not confined to fishing or idly rolling on the mighty wave, or smoothly plowing the placid waters; but added to these charms are the numerous places in the vicinity to go to. The stranger who may visit it will not wonder at finding first on this list Santa Rosa Island. Upon its beach, mid-day in its overflowing brilliancy, makes the beholder feel as if, according to Milton, ‘‘Another morn had risen on mid-noon.” ‘The sunset comes with a splendor and glory un- known to more Northern climes. As the ever-moving waves roll, with per- meated and ever-varying colors, upon the snow-white sand, one feels the awful supremacy of the Almighty, and the littleness of man, in a manner conveyed by no other sight in nature. While on the island, very few visitors fail to find an interest in coliecting shells and sea-beans. Then comes a visit to Fort Pickens; this grand and historic old edifice, though denuded of a portion of the iron dogs of war that used to bay, not ‘‘deep mouthed welcome home,” but roars of defiance, still possesses a multitude of pleasant and interesting sights and objects that make a visit there both profitable and agreeable. Across the bay is the Navy Yard, and just west of the Navy Yard is Fort Barrancas. Both are beautiful and will interest the most indifferent. ° Added to the novelties to be seen, is the delightful society enjoyed by all who know the hos- pitable and _ intelli- gent officers of both the garrisons. Below Barrancas is the Pen- sacola Light-house, illustrated on the cover of this book from a photograph, . and said to be the finest light on the Gulf. Near by is Fort McRae, once familiar with all the ‘pomp and circum- stance of glorious war,” but where now _ the solemn bat reigns supreme, in a silence cape" only broken by the CENTRAL AVENUE, NAVY YARD. 14 PENSACOLA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. never-ceasing roll of the mighty ocean, as the wild waves dash upon its once proud walls. Years ago it was built upon a foundation which seemed as enduring as granite, but the Gulf threatened, - and fora time its fall was averted by the construc- tion of an immense sea wall. The rolling waters could not be withstood, and the illustrations will show the condition of its ruined battlements, case- mates, ramparts, and posterns, which are now tumbling to decay. It is at McRae that the searcher after shells and other marine treasures is most successful. With the old Spanish fort, the pretty villages of Milton and Bagdad,the LiveOak RUINS OF FORT M’RAE, WITH LIGHT HOUSE IN THE DISTANCE. Plantation, bays, bayous, sounds, and rivers, this chapter might be extended indefinitely.. Suffice it to say that the visitor at Pensacola must tire of going, seeing, enjoying, long before the list of attractive places to go to have been exhausted. WEST FLORIDA—ITS LOCATION AND PRODUCTIONS. West Florida is in no respect an agricultural country at present, for the reason that heretofore the timber interest has absorbed the entire energies of the country. The timber wealth is on the surface, but under the surface lies hidden wealth which is yet to be dug out of the soil. The climate, as explained in a previous chapter, is semi-tropical and devoid of extremes in > heat and cold. The country is the best watered in the world, and its health- fulness is as near perfect as that of any section of the Globe. It is only necessary to let its attractions and advantages be known to see in a few years the entire State dotted with happy homes, churches, schools, and villages. Great fertility by virtue of soil the lands of West Florida do not. possess, nor can the combination of extreme fertility and health be found in any new country. But vegetation here performs the prodigy once attrib- | uted to the chamelion, it lives on air. Let it but obtain a hold in the earth, and an atmosphere which seldom knows a freeze seems to compel it to grow — w _ < Pa 4 te] nw th n | coed o oF Zz ie) fey wi rd ica} Z n > ra) ) cs cg (‘SHaVMDOLOHA WO) hx PFU Kanto / 15 16 PENSACOLA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. and come to bloom and fruitage in the fine yields of the country. Drouths are not usual, but when they occur crops seem to stand them much better than in higher lati- tudes. The soil gives a generous return for all applications of fer- tilizers. Nothing is grown in East Florida north of Melonville, that will not grow in West Florida, with the difference that eligible land can be bought in the latter section for one tenth the prices charged in the form- er. The first settlers in West Florida will find a large and re- @ eS : a munerative market at 5 home for their truck and other products; articles now brought from the up-country by the train-load to supply the resident and visiting population. When the home supply has been met, the farmer will find the lines of trans- portation cheap, quick, and reliable, leading to the great Middle and North- western States, where the fruit shipper from Florida will not encounter the disastrous island competition met with in the cities of the East, where East Florida finds its principal markets. The nearer proximity of West Florida to the interior markets, by nearly twenty-four hours express and over thirty- six hours freight train travel, must create a steady and rapid advance in its agricultural interests. The new-comer will find lands on the’ railroads for sale, but should other points be preferred it requires but a glance at the map to note how all the rivers, bays, sounds, and bayous, from the Perdido to the Choctawhatchee River, center in Pensacola Bay, making Pensacola their natural business metropolis, to whose market crops can be floated safely and cheaply. Every description of melon and vegetable, and all the cereals can be crown, and of the latter suitable kinds can be used successfully for green soiling or for winter pasturage, to assist the immense ranges during the months when the grass and cane are least nutritious. It would astonish a ‘‘down-country”’ planter to see the yield of rice upon these uplands; and sugar cane also makes a remunerative return. It is when fruits are consid-— ered that the advantages of the country appear pre-eminent, Lands within PENSACOLA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. 17 a stone’s throw of the railroad, worth from $2 to $3 per acre, make the finest peach orchards in America, the yield being of superior size and flavor, and the trees are remarkably long lived. Lands for oranges, lemons, and other semi-tropical fruits, unsurpassed by any in the State, can be had at from $5 to $25 per acre, which with similar location in East Florida would cost $50 to $100 per acre, notwithstanding the advantage of transportation is with the cheaper lands. It would be a grave oversight to omit mention- ing the prolific pecan tree, the luscious pears and plums and very fair apples which the soil produces. West Florida seems to be nature’s vineyard, so great is the yield of the numerous varieties of grapes. First, the fruit can be sent to supply the early markets of the North, and later, wine can be manufactured. For the latter purpose the scuppernong, which grows to special perfection, is very greatly prized. Lord Raleigh landed in North Carolina, near Newbern, nearly two centuries ago; he there tasted the scuppernong for the first time, from a vine still in existence, which three years ago, it is said, yielded forty-two barrels of wine. White, in his description of this grape, says: ‘‘We consider this very peculiar grape one of the greatest boons to the South. It has very little resemblance to any of the grapes of the other sorts. It is a rampant grower and requires little, if any, cultivation. It blooms from the fifteenth to the last of June, and ripens its fruit in West Florida about the latter part of August. It has no disease in wood, leaf, or fruit, and rarely, if ever, fails to produce a heavy crop. We have never known it to fail. Neither birds nor insects ever attack the fruit. We are credibly informed that a vine of this variety is Nes Ow Ine near Mobile, which has produced two hun- dred and fifty bush- els of grapes in a year, and we know that vines ten years . old have given and will give thirty bush- els per vine. From _ three to three and - a half gallons of juice can be gotten from a bushel of these grapes, ac- cording to ripeness. It is the sweetest and most luscious 4 4:5 BLUFF SPRINGS MILL, (FROM PHOTOGRAPH.) of any grape we 18 PENSACOLA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. . have ever seen or tasted, makes a fine, heavy, high-flavored, fruity wine, and is peculiarly adapted to making foaming wines.” It would run this theme through innumerable pages to dwell upon the luscious strawberries and other delicacies, but, at the risk of being prosy, the fig must not be overlooked. This fruit, so delightful when eaten ripe from the tree, is the best dried fruit known, and is without a parallel as a preserve or pickle. Mr. Alexander Stoddart, of 175 Broadway, New York, has now every known variety (twenty-two) on his place, and in a few years the pickling for market from his place alone will reach a large amount annually. Mr. Stoddart added sixty acres last year to his orange and pecan groves and orchards of peaches and figs. His vineyards and straw- s Live aa ne a me MSlalels EEN BLUFFS, ESCAMBIA BAY. (ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS.) berry beds have been more than doubled, and in another year he will be running refrigerator cars to the various markets of the North. The Escambia bluffs shown in illustration above are on the place of the Yniestra Brothers. At this beautiful spot, a veritable Eden, can be found all the products of Florida, including several thousand orange trees. The buildings under the bluff are the sheds under which the bricks for the Dry Tortugas forts were made. These bluffs extend for miles, offering the most desirable location in all Florida for orange groves. The land is slightly rolling, dry and arable, except occasional swamps near the mouths of rivers and heads of some of the bayous and bays. The rain fall is sufficient, and on the streams,with which the country is so_ magnificently watered, can be found numerous and superior water-powers. J | 4, | PENSACOLA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. a. = 19 TURTLE-EGG AND ALLIGATOR HUNTING ON SANTA ROSA. Santa Rosa Island is a sand key of the Gulf, forty miles long, and varying in breadth from a fifth of a mile to over a mile across; it is the breakwater of Pensacola Harbor, and receives the shock of the rolling seas of the Gulf of Mexico which often break against it in fury, while the waters of the bay within are still as a mill-pond and scarce a ripple washes the beach of the city front seven miles away, though the water at the city is as salt as that in the center of the Gulf. The sea beach of the island is a gently sloping expanse of white sand, back and forth on which the advancing and receding waves will glide for hundreds of feet. .You can stand where no water is one moment, and the next be struggling waist deep against a surging wave that is climbing up the strand. This beach is the incubator of the great turtles of the Gulf. Its gradual incline, the easily excavated sand beyond, and the warm southern exposure,adapt it to their approach, the making of nests, and hatching of their eggs. So they resort to it for ——— this purpose, and in due Ss time the young turtles are hatched, unless the RESIDENCE OF HON. C. W. JONES, U. S. SENATOR, eggs are captured by the various creatures, biped and quadruped, who seek them in the season. From Pensacola over to the island is about seven miles, and as the land breeze of the night sets fair across the bay, it is a pleasant trip of moonlight nights to run over on a sail-boat, land on the bay shore, walk across the island, which is not a third of a mile wide opposite the city, and seek for ‘‘turtle crawls” on the Gulf beach, or bathe luxuriously in the surf. The ‘‘crawl” shows on the sand where the under shell has been dragged along, and following this up toa point above the wash of the highest waves, the nest is found, usually about two and a half feet below the surface. A single nest will contain from roo to 300 eggs. At Sabine Pass, on Santa Rosa Island, alligators are found by the ten thousand, and are killed in large numbers by hunters who frequent the place. PENSACOLA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. 20 PENSACOLA’S TIMBER TRADE. The immense forests of pitch pine tributary to Pen- sacola, notwithstanding the large business annually trans- acted, have as yet only been worked on the edges lying alongside the creeks, rivers, lakes and bayous. Untold acres of virgin forests remain to be stripped of the growth of many centuries, to give place to the farmer, whose labor will make the land smile =< CLG Za MUSCOGEE SOUTH MILL. with a luxuriant wealth of vegetation. This transition must be gradual, and for years to come Pen- sacola’s superior supply, in connection with its absolutely secure harbor and a depth of water which can load a vessel to twenty-three feet within six feet of cars on the railroad docks, must continue it as the chief timber port of the country. The busy whirr of the saw will be heard for at least a quarter of a century before existing forests are gone, and as one growth is cut away another will spring up where the plow of the farmer does not prevent. On the line of the Pensacola Railroad are four mills, two belong- ing to the Muscogee Lumber Company, the Molino and Bluff Springs, with | a cutting capacity of over sixty millions of superficial feet per annum: At Millview, connected with Pensacola by the Pensacola & Perdido Railroad, are six mills, with a capacity of sixty-five millions of superficial feet each twelve months. Simpson’s mills, Blackwater, Skinner’s, Wright’s, Bay Point, Bayou, and others make the aggregate cutting capacity of mills contiguous to Pensacola exceed two hundred million feet per annum. In addition to this sawn stuff, thousands of pieces of hewn timber are floated down the streams to market. Even the forests of the Tombigbee and Alabama rivers have been made tributary to Pensacola, by an arrangement to float the timber to Tensas Station, Alabama, and transport from that point by rail, after it has been loaded by steam machinery. This timber will be dis- charged at Pensacola into a boom whose capacity exceeds ten thousand sticks. As it is alongside the railroad docks, within the corporate limits of the city, and not more than three hundred feet from water thirty feet deep, the arrangement must give a wonderful impetus to Pensacola’s timber trade. It affords absolute security against blows, and avoids the expense and risk of towage from Ferry Pass—in short, it is perfect. (‘SHdVYDOLOHd WONA SNOLLV ULSATI) << —— Es % (aan az Pa Se Pp << ae EX Sm GAS: xa ‘ye — fn O, MN SSN —LZ- EK = | = mu i 7, 7, = -~ = i — _— = = = = a J eS = ae nut ti —— <= ge Tih. 2 _ — *MAIATIIN SITTIN S,ANVdNOD NAAWAT AVA OdIdUdad SSS LE =————— Ss 7 = 3 Ze Zi SF == ——— == SSS = 5 = = =5 rf = = at ae a Ww SS eee f ee —— 4 — Se ANY = === OF ii AHA it AAG Wii iI \ Ana “al I Hii HI 1 Wilh i MIT Mh | Wt i | Hil I HN) Nl ; AY ] i | i) if WW i =H / | } a | i RA = / i {} } IHhi IW) i i] iH | nll TR Be ; , WWW | | ! 1 l | | HT 1 | | | Nl | l| | \ Hl HH i I ATE | a AE i ai 22 PENSACOLA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. ESCAMBIA RIVER SCENERY. SWEET FLORIDA, GOOD-BYE! A SONG. - WRITTEN BY MR. DRAKE, CLERK OF MAJ. OGDEN, U. S. ENGINEERS, UPON HIS DEPARTURE FROM FLORIDA. (Popular in Pensacola thirty years ago.) Sweet Florida, good-bye to thee! Thou land of song and flowers, Where generous hearts and beauty dwell Amid thy fragrant bowers. The interest deep, the love I feel, Bound by each genial tie, Bloom like thy sweet magnolia. Sweet Florida, good-bye! Sweet Florida, good-bye! I go to seek another clime, But go where e’er I may, | The love I bear to thee and thine No change can chase away. Santa Rosa’s snow-white sands Are fading from my sight; Farewell awhile to thee and thine. Sweet Florida, good-night! Sweet Florida, good-night! PENSACOLA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. 23 MOBILE, NEW ORLEANS, AND RESORTS OF THE GULF COAST. MOBILE. Mobile lies in latitude 30° 41’, at the head of the bay and mouth of the river of the same name. ‘The surrounding country, broken into beautiful undulations, is covered with pine timber, the resinous exhalations from which give such celebrity to this region as conducive to health. These hills and valleys are carpeted all the year with green grass which grows luxuriantly amid the tall pines of the forest. Mobile possesses peculiar attractions to the seeker after pleasure, com. fort, or health. Its climate is mild and salubrious; its inhabitants genial, hospitable, and refined; its residences abound with evidences of a culti- vated taste, and here may be seen during the entire win- ter flowers in full bloom and trees loaded with oranges. Here also the mere seeker after ease may enjoy that com- fort denied in a colder and more inhospitable climate,and the more robust may enjoy » field sports within easy reach of the city. The bay swarms with fish and ducks. Snipe and woodcock frequent the savannahs of the pine lands, and the rolling hills, rising hundreds of feet, are haunts of the partridge and deer. The water of all this pine region is peculiarly pure, and its streams are clear and beautiful. The soil is sandy, and consequently, even in wettest weather, there is practical freedom from mud. Fruits and vegetables are grown during the entire year in the open air, while fresh and salt water fish, and game, complete the attractions of the market. No place affords more delightful drives or smoother roads. The visitor is confined to no special one, though the loveliest of all is the shell road, which leads through groves of magnificent magnolias along the margin of the broad and lovely bay. This bay lies between many points of interest to the student of history. Near its outlet:is Fort Morgan, occupying the site of old Fort Bowyer, WOOLSEY ENTRANCE TO NAVY YARD, PENSACOLA. 24 PENSACOLA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. which once repelled a large British fleet, and where recently a yet more famous strife took place. Near this and opposite is Fort Gaines, and further on Fort Pow- ell, while at the head of the bay is Spanish Fort. Around all of these many memories cluster. At various contiguous points are mounds erected by an unknown people, and in these mounds are found the re- mains of these ex- tinct races. Near the city, on the line of the Mobile & Ohio Railroad, are many healthful re- sorts, chief among which is Citronelle, a village rapidly becoming famous for the salubritry of its atmosphere, so peculiarly favorable to those suffering from pulmonary disease. This town is reached by a special accommodation train in addition to the daily mail service. And along the eastern shore of the bay are villages, with cheap and comfortable accommodations for boarders, as far as Point Clear, where there is a large, commo- dious, and well-kept ho- tel, all reached daily by a pleasant trip on a fine low-pressure steamer. From Mobile to New Or- leans, distant 140 miles, the railroad skirts the Gulf of Mexico, and all along are villages and cottages where may be combined the peculiar attractions of this coast - and all the appliances of civilization—daily mails, : il = ———— BIRD’S-EYE VIEW OF NAVY YARD, PENSACOLA. RUINS OF OLD SPANISH FORT NEAR PENSACOLA. telegraphs, and rapid PENSACOLA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. 25 transit to near and great centers of population. All this region is expedi- tiously and pleasantly reached by the Mobile & Ohio R. R., which stretches out its arms 500 miles northward, and by the Montgomery & Mobile R’y, extending to Montgomery, with connections to all points west and north, inviting from colder climes the pleasure seeker, tired man of business, and invalid, to enjoy themselves and recuperate in its balmy air. | F i hw “As jUNUDUOUDAUOOUONEOUS YNIESTRA BLOCK, PENSACOLA. (FROM PHOTOGRAPH.) NEW ORLEANS. New Orleans! How the mere sound comes freighted with visions of pleasure, luxury and comfort. The Paris of America it certainly is, but its delights are not confined to the gayeties of life. Within its abundant resources every taste and disposition find their full measure of pleasure and ease. It would be a superfluity for these pages to dwell upon the attractions of this glorious old city, for they would repeat things charming enough in themselves, but as familiar all over the country as household words. | The tourist would be well repaid by a visit to this grand old city, filled with monuments of historic lore. Here are the famous plains of Chal- mette, memorable by the rout of the British by Jackson. Here also Forts St. Philip and Jackson defending the entrance to the city. 26 PENSACOLA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. The French Market is a unique feature of New Orleans, with its many varied and attractive stalls laden with every luxury in the shape of game, fruit, vegetables, fish, oranges, etc. One meets representatives of all the nations of the earth, all talking at the same time in their respective tongues, and making a perfect Babel of sounds. ‘This market is celebrated over the entire country for its delightful coffee, and no visitor to the city fails to visit the market for the purpose of trying it. Numberless lines of city railway cars traverse the principal streets, affording rapid transit from one point of interest to another. The Branch Mint, on Esplanade Street, when in operation, is well worth a visit. ! l Columbia Z Coad x even : H J a 0 rest ; DY) Denison E I og Bs i Vig Zi ' ‘ o —_—— oo 5 v ; . A : y ifr, Ci ee \ Vickab : oa Yoniar Es eee acksOuUrg = a Colurnbus® VA ZA Ne fe LEZ p o,, Eufaula Ay) y y’ ae “Mzomery (> Wi Z VE x 4 ON of Pensa la Jc. \ i Wy Gens Z TR NA PpensACOLAT “gy, Ve Sais at ORLEA SAS a= EENS ) Lora SI Me SRLS zw AZ . Sail ~ 5 \X : ~ " —{ ALY | AS LEA TANS: = Ss Uf ' = LEA SN vt = LLELBN \\\ a \\ SS US WS ~ e: KO) Kingsto. Ws UJ -_——<= x 7 Qe = Z Wp “BRS cles - WITH = a CAM (). oe FROM ALL POINTS NORTH, EAST AND WEST THE DIRECT LINE To Pensacola, ie LS TWO DAILY EXPRESS 2 haa RUNNING Pullman Jlalace Cars Chrangh LEAVE LOUISVILLE, MAKING CLOSE AND DIRECT CONNECTIONS ALL THE WAY THROUGH. THERE ARE NO DETENTIONS ! NO UNPLEASANT CHANGES! The Route Through is composed of A No.1 RAIL LINES, unsurpassed by any Route in the South. ShEEG ANG COMEOCRE CUSE4NSEES. Eg al eB iY Louisville and Great Southern Line. C. P, ATMORE, Gen’l Passenger and Ticket Agent. MOBILE & OHIO RAILROAD THE POPULAR LINE BETWEEN New Orleans, Mobile, dda AND ALL POINTS SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST, AND ONG, O=———- fae VECO ST AND Si. LOWS. THE ONLY LINE RUNNING PULIMAN PALACH AND SLEEPING CARS Between St. Louis and Mew Orleans, SV rtOouUT CHANGES CONNECTIONS. -_ At COLUMBUS, KY., with St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway. At UNION CITY, with Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway. At RIVES, with Paducah & Memphis Railroad. At HUMBOLDT, with Louisville & Nashville & Great Southern Railroad. At JACKSON, TENN., with Mississippi Central Railroad. At CORINTH, with Memphis & Charleston Railroad. At MERIDIAN, with Ala. & Chat., Ala. Cent., and Vicks. & Meridian R. R’ds. At MOBILE, with New Orleans & Mobile Railroad. At MOBILE, with Mobile & Montgomery Railway for PENSACOLA. PASSENGER TRAINS ARE FULLY EQUIPPED WITH Westinghouse Air Brake and Miller's Safety Platform and Coupler, Tickets can be obtained via this Route at all PRINCIPAL TICKET OFFICES IN THE U.S. AND CANADA. RATES ALWAYS AS LOW AS VIA ANY OTHER LINE. A. L. RIVES, . C. FLEMING, CHAS. L. FITCH, Gen’! Manager. Ass’t Gen’] Sup" te Gen’! Pass. cil Soak B&S-For a Copy of this Book Free send your ae to W. D, CHIPLEY, Gen'l Manager P.R.R., Pensacola, Fia FLORIDA. The wonderful salubrity of the climate of Florida is destined to make it the refuge of those who seek to escape the rigor of a Northern winter, so that the choice of a route is, of course, the first and most important consideration to those who intend going there. We would, therefore, invite the attention of our friends and patrons to the splendid facilities afforded by the ST. LOUIS & SOUTHEASTERN RAILWAY. Being the SHORT LINE between St. Louis and the Southeast, the traveler saves many miles by purchasing his tickets via this popular route. pia he St. Wonis RAILWAY, G=THE SHORT LING And positively the Best Route from ST. LOUIS T0 NASHVILLE, TENN, Where it connects for all points SOUTH AND SOUTEHHAST. INCLUDING outheastern Chattanooga, Atlanta, Augusta, Macon, Brunswick Savannah, Jacksonville, Fla., Charleston, Decatur, Huntsville, Montgomery, Pensacola, Mobile, New Orleans, Bristol, Knoxville, Lynchburg, Petersburg, Norfolk, and Richmond, THUS FORMING THE Great Trunk Route between these Points, St. Louis and the Great West, Travelers, remember this is the PASSENGER AND MAIL ROUTE. It affords you the advantage of Bullman Palace Sleeping Cars on all Might Zrains . Arrangements have. been made whereby we are enabled to furnish Tourists with ROUND-TRIP TICKETS TO PENSACOLA, FLORIDA AT GREATLY REDUCED RATES. Also, EMIGRANT TICKETS have been placed on sale by this Line, and special inducements are offered to Colonists and Emigrants. J. H, WILSON, Gen’l Manager. JNO. W. MASS, Gen’l Pass. & Ticket Agent. B&S-For.a Copy of this Book Free send your address to W. D, CHIPLEY, Gen’l Manager P:R.R., Pensacola, Fla. New Grleans § Mobile Raitroal NEW ORLEANS ) AND (— A Tits POINTS TN ex AS VIA THE WEawW ORLaANS, via. Washington, Richmond, or Lynchburg and Atlanta. THROUGH PULLMAN CARS PHILADELPHIA to NEW ORLEANS WITHOUT CHANGE, TNE VV 5s OoR LA BASIN SS) VA. CINCINNATE LOUISVILEZ+ MOBILE Through Pullman Cars New York to Cincinnati—Through Pullman Cars Cincinnati to New Orleans, ae via Montgomery can take Pensacola en route, or passengers via Mobile can diverge at that point for a visit to the Bay City. As an additional feature for the accommodation of Western Travel going South, attention is called to the RieOUGH PULEMAN SLEEPING CAR Leaving St. Louis daily, at 10 P. M. on the St. Louis & gron Mountain, Mobile & Qhio and Mew @rleans & Mobile Road Arriving at New Orleans at 11.25 A. M. the second morning. Connection with this car is made from Eastern Cities, via Chicago or Indianapolis by either of the Great Trunk Lines Westward, without change of Cars. Peer, [HE ADVANTAGES OF MODERN TRAVEL Are thus given to every section of the country over eee e/a ee a EIN, et! The equipment of this line ‘‘has no equal south of the Ohio River.” The engines are of the first class, and always in perfect order. The Day Parlor Cars are models of elegance, fully equipped with the Automatic Air Brake, and all conveniences for the toilet. Elegant Eating-Houses, smooth track, beautiful views and fast time. S. HE. CAREY, F. P. MARSH, D. B. ROBINSON, G. P. & T. A, New Orleans. EK. P. Agent, New York. Sup’t, New Orleans. B@S~For a Copy of this Book Free send your address to W. D, CHIPLEY, Gen’l Manager P.R.R., Pensacola, Fla, Speen AO oe Ea bi St onis, ron fountain & Souther RAILWAY OFFEHRS THH BHST HROVUTTSH ENSACOTS Mobile and Mew Qrleans. | iv €. mk Soh ~ sa _ b Ay : : a (ih. " uy v , ‘TZ Moxy PRS S kA res WITH PULLMAN SLEEPING CARS TO PRINCIPAL POINTS Through Without Change. For Particulars call upon or address E. A. FORD, Gen’l Passenger Agent, Louis, Mo.; or H. H. MARLEY, Northern Pass. Agent, 104 Clark St., Chicago, Ill. B@&For a Copy of this Book Free send your address to W, Ds CHIPLEY, Gen’! Manager P.R.R., Pensacola, Fla, co Pe Bg ce BEST fe Mosite & MonteoMeay ee Aes ee Wee Patan pacer Is THE Sook PA OROUGHPFARE 22 SO RE Ss a ot 285. \* — \ SAY w= WY Seley onan = ae Soe) Ge Ee LS AND THE Cities in Southern and Central Texas. The longest continuous lines of Sleeping Cars in the world are run over this line, which, on account of its Natural Position, Rapid Transit and Sure Connections, Has been awarded the Fast Southern Mail. This line is equipped with all the modern appliances—Westinghouse Automatic Air-Brakes, Miller Platforms, etc. Consult the latest official Time Tables, AND COMPARE THEM WITH ALL OTHER ROUTES, and see the advantages gained in points of time and seasonable hours of arrival and departure at all principal cities. EDMUND L. TYLER, Vice-Pres’t and Sup’t, GEO. NASON, Gen. Pass. and Fr’t Ag’t, MONTGOMERY, ALA. MOBILE, ALA. B&-For a Copy of this Book Free send your address to W D, CHIPLEY, Gen”! Manager P.R.R,, Pensacola, Fla, EXCURSION RATES 43 FLORIDA! % Pensacola Railroad IS THE ONBY Ei Nes Flovitla can be reached with Hxcnesion Cichets INQUIRE OF TICKET AGENTS EVERYWHERE. CHEAP HOM a ON LONG CREDIT. THE PENSACOLA RAILROAD WILL SELL 80,000 ACRES OF LAND UPON THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS: EVERY ALTERNATE QUARTER SECTION (:60 Acres), OR EVERY ALTERNATE HALF SECTION (320 Acres), Will be sold to actual settlers who will make improvements, at 10 Cents per Acre Cash; 25 Cents per Acre in one year, no interest; 25 Cents per Acre in two years, no interest; 25 Cents per Acre in three years, no interest; 25 Cents per Acre in four years, no interest ; $3 for Cost of Deed. Let the many who are looking to Florida as their future home ‘‘ prospect ”’ in the West, as well as the South and East, before they determine on localities. The Western portion of Florida can well afford to risk the comparison. For further information, or a copy of this Book /7ee, address W.D. CHIPLEY, Gen’l Manager, Pensacola, Fla. ee eer ee et rae RA VOR La ee 2? ae: EORETISES ¢ CLNCLTTS TE ee eee | LN E $= ie See he RAILROAD. THE QUICKEST, BEST AND ONLY LINE | ® | With which Passengers from the South make direct connection at Louisville with meer VAN PALACE SLEEPING CARS Running through to Gitisburg, Harrisburg, Bhiladelphia, New York and other Eastern cities BV erotik teem. Grete ASIN CoH. This is the Only Line by which Pullman Southern Sleepers are run from New Orleans, Mobile, Jackson, Miss., Montgomery, Grenada, Decatur, Jack- son, Tenn., and Nashville to Cincinnati, and from Cincinnati to same points without change. The Only Line by which Pullman Palace Sleepers are run between Louisville New York and other Eastern Cities without change. Passengers en route to or from Pensacola have no change of cars via this line between Cin- cinnati and Pensacola (Junction.) Through Sleepers from Atlanta, Chattanooga, Little Rock, Memphis and Vicksburg make direct connection at Short Line Junction with Through Sleepers to New York and other Eastern Cities. This ts the only line running its entire trains from Louisville to Cincinnati and vice versa thereby causing no delay to Passengers (incident to other lines) by having to wait at Junctional Stations for delayed trains from other points in order to proceed to their destination. lt is Stone Ballasted, has a smooth track, and Is entirely free from dust. Tickets can be purchased via this line at all Ticket Offices in the North, East and South. Ask for Tickets via the Louisville and Cincinnati Short Pinenrces Cac LR. R.) S. S. PARKER, Gen'l P. & T. A. JOHN MAC LEOD, Gen'l Sup'’t. ‘JOHN KILKENY, Gen’l Traveling Passenger Agent. B2-For a Copy of this Book Free send your address to W. D. CHIPLEY, Gen’! Manager P.R.R., Pensacola, Fla. The Best Route to Florida, The Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railway (Bee Line) is the only Direct and Commodious Route from Ontario, Western New York, Northern Pennsylvania, and Ohio, To Pensacola, New Orleans, Mobile, BILOXI, MISSISSIPPI CITY, PASS CHRISTIAN, | And all Pleasure Resorts of the Gulf Coast. ONLY ONE CHANGE Of UDCA THREE TRAINS DAILY VIA INDIANAPOLIS. TWO TRAINS DAILY VIA CINCINNATI. (Morning Trains from Cleveland do not run Sunday.) For particular information inquire of your nearest ticket agent, or address the under- signed. S. F. PIERSON, Gen’! Ticket Agent. € ouier- -Hewrnal | Hob Yoon: BR, W. MEREDITH & CO., Proprietors, ailroad Qrinters ENGRAVERS, LITHOGRAPHERS, = BINDERS, |BLANK BOOK MAKERS. —~-—»—4- = 2 Hailroad Stationers and Supplies. ao , | . Ki | CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. ESTIMATES FURNISHED. This pamphlet was issued from our Establishment. For a Copy Free send your address to W. D. CHIPLEY, General Manager Pensacola Railroad, Pensacola, Fla. Ye ret ‘ée i Wf ee as a ae ee _ = -- oe — ‘etoowsueg Jo OPH 9.4n0Y UY UIGIA [Tv JUyWIwE pus Furysty7 s9xeM Yeer” pus yfeg ‘Suyvog ‘Supyung_ pessedinsup "TALOH OL LN39VIQV HLNOS JHL NI ONIHSIS Y3LVM HS3Y4 aNY INILNAH LSANIS PENSACO OWNED BY THE LA RAILROAD COMPANY. i Hh i \ i | ; e@ : : TS. VE > = > + “ (00 THLOH (NV SWAN AVMIVY NYAHLNOS z EHO AG CaeLvaerso f, % yf. 7 Pee i \ aA ¢@ ‘BjOOBSUSY WO sot oy RT AY Fr a soBeusyw Rs * a . { 4 , i # . ri ' 4 "a iy ial by +i j ’ ate | x ‘ yy yu 4