3465/4: 6u_ 36 Bulletin No. 36 April 27, 1922. M. M. LEIGHTON COMMON EALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF INTERVAL APFAIRS Janos HH, Woodward, \Scoretary ——— BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY George H. Ashley, State Geologist a eee Fe COAL BEDS IN INDIANA COUNTY, PEMISYLVANIA Ja Ds Sisler. Introduction, Indiana County for mmy years has been one of the most important bituminous coal producing countics in Pennsylvania. The greater part of the coal is mined from the Upper Freeport bed, which is the largest reserve of valuable ant casily accessible coal in the county, The Lower Kittanning, Lower “Freeport, and the Pittsburgh beds are important locally as sources of shipping coal. Many other beds have future value, but are not mined at present, The thick coal beds of the Allegheny formation, including the Kittannings and Preeports, are large reserves for future use, Practically all mining as yet is by drifts, although there are extensive areas where these beds are within easy shafting distance. The Pittsburrh bed; restricted to a small area in the southwestern part of the county, will be exhausted within 2 few years. In 19186 Indiana County stood sixth in Pennsylvania as 2 ditu- minous coal producer. In tmt year, 12,745,190 tons were produced, valued at $37,576,089. Of this emount, 12,209,067 tons, valued at $56,153,156 were londed at the mines for Shipment; -110,848 tons were sold to local trade and used by employees; and 189;056 tons were used‘at the mines for steam ana heat; 254,219 tons, valued at $646,828 were made into coke at the mines. Indian2 County is bounded on the north’ by Jefferson County, on the cast by Clearficla and Cambrian counties) on the south by Westmoreland County, and on the west by Armstrong County. Its greatest width from north tc south is 37,5 miles, and from cast to west 28,5 miles, Its area is 847,2 square miles, The population in 1920 was 80,910, 4 4 a Li ty \" ya’. a te t ‘ i “ye ‘ é \ a4 ¢ o-'4 t te ; ' ’ 3 of a } Ld Ai Gaek a, yr \ rn : ah ‘ ‘ vf H W + " if ‘i 1 : aw . oye i} i] ah wh ~ ‘ 4 ' . 1 ~ \ : r " ' +, . \ j { \ ‘ , ‘ont 4 ‘i ‘ ‘ md ‘ ' ik i P ‘ } r ‘ ' vt ’ w { - u f y Kk i \ , " mA } al | ° i 4 A N ‘ 4 ) " \ - ; \ f { 4 p + ’ \ ® ' ry } ’ i 1 t i \ 1 \, i - . t ’ | ' \f A L { , j Aye - 1 ¥t Lf 4 4 » We : tay K ‘ \ { ‘ ' og ' ba ‘ ' ¢ ‘ ’ y F , 4 A . Te i ‘ . ca he ee t Ce } 4 aa | ; i \* ¢* ae } ‘ ro sf , Flys ¢ — wm - >, “Te a Vie, 4 Transportation facilities are ample. The Pennsylvania Railroad follows Conemaugh River along the entire southern boundary of the county. , ,} 41 at we wed ll » ry P 7 4 + ‘ ‘ j oh ey Kee i a ride a } im Pe ’ . 4 4 i> é my \ ‘ A : } . F 4 . \ ’ x" y 1 ‘ Ferd > J) q Pi ' h 4 od f ie mi = y j Ni ; < tT : “ef | } J % ‘ ) i \ f “ ty 1x3 Me ae ( way : ‘ ° 4) H 7] ' i “yi 7, Py ? ‘ t f 1 ye By Saal t q t "¥ A is ) Shy ' ; J 44 : * A Fi ‘ 7 ‘ ’ s ‘ ‘ ' ] ' ‘ * i ' 4 ae, 4 § , ’ b on nu) iy ' sels he Aa ~ aay i ‘ yaa i + ”" hire a othe my! Ye, ‘ 4, Li a > hes ape a wh aie { “ “~~ be TP : 4 ‘ I \ ( : e ; * r } é ve SA, y > i bw phe ir ony 1S i \ i fe ~ 4 ie ‘ , 4 iy F CF ut ’ sy Ws > i ¥ r ‘ 29 ire ‘s eo La ' Se ‘ bY vm “4 t 4 y “A ° I te , : ¢ 4 iad Tr ya fae. * ‘ ; vas Pa Oe ae | od j i} . y 2 4 Va ‘ ; io ae oh j iy 9 wh " bis . ven hg a Ari tanya a nity dient Aik: ida ebndd 4 A 7 4 i, ae t I ar)? 4 ) *u : pia y ’ pias DSItAD » . tj : ri a ‘ ‘ be Pale rat wt Al ‘ cay ds litloar ek '® “ t. Fo { ae ra n At tllpin jek We RRA rs a , wei oateal ba) hey i Was 's te a ay fie by ‘yee we ay Lire ' 59 } ros 1 } aie + Rb ed A al ee Be yt a ate a CAL ae ay mi Oe bod sie Re CR ae ene ae ae Meena y | a a ‘hl Wer fie r : ag D 1 ae a dike oat ; v.10 f yratee r, ’ Br. Hg pai pu ‘ Nid ahig } | y Os ' be wr hy : vacpaeen et a Sena so wy 4 Thy. Pape, A wit yA A GAR nd £5: Hehe . a. Lee MASI nearly level from that point to the eastern edge of the county. Brush Valley syncline, the next structure to the northwest, hes its southern end in Indiana County, between Nole and Shestnut Ridge anticlines. It extends northeast near Brush Valley and Cookport, leaving the county about two miles north of Cherry Tree, It is a proad fold, with rather steep dips on both flarks. The axis 1s extremely irregular in elevation. | Chestnut Ridge anticline, the largest fold in the county, cross-~- es Conemaugh River about 2 miles west of Bolivar, and extends north- east near Penn Run (Greenville), Utah (Taylorville), and Hortens, leaving the county near the northcast corner, The west slope of the anticline is gencrally steepest; the fold is highest between Black Lick Creek and Conemaugh River, The northern part of the fold in Indiana County is broad and flat, and the axis is extremely variable in elevation, Latrobe syncline enters the county at Blairsville, extends north- east near Homer City, and flattens out at Indiana, It is a well marked structure, with the rocks rising rapidly on the eastern flank, and gently on the western. The axis is very regular in elevation. Dixonville syneline is a minor structure lying between Chestnut Ridge anticline and Richmond anticline near Dixonville. The basin ri narrow and flat. The greatest rise of the rocks is on the eastern lank. Richmond anticline is a short structure lying near Kintersburg and Rayne. The dips on both flenks are gentle, The axis rises sharply to the north, Jacksonville anticline crosses the Conemaugh near Saltsburg, and extends northeest to Curry Run where it flattens out. It is a well eam structure with a broad flat top, and gentle dips on both flanks, MickKee Run anticline is a low gentle fold lying between Indiana and Creekside. This anticline is important because of the occurrence of gas along its northwest flank in the vicinity of Creekside. Elders Ridge syncline enters the county at Edri, extends north- east near Elders Ridge, West Lebanon and Chambersville, and flattens out in the northern pert of the county. It is a canoe shaped basin, shallow at both ends but deepening toward the middle at Iselin. The Slopes on both flmks are rather steep but remarkebly uniform. Dutch Run anticline is a minor fold of small extent, lying just west of Willett. Punxsutewney syncline, Perrysville end Rocring Run anticlines lie in the northwestern corner of the county, but their exact locetions have not been determined by the Geological Survey, They are minor structures. - 6 = «| bis o f te: a ' “ ph Os ~ 1 j , P uy F le. ake ead ined i , eae ee % ao Bs lady \ ree AON Pe m e bhi : wreak r : aN uk aS +4 Nie ee . 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(N yaa geet ent) aad a td 1 x : yy Lipa "yi a aL ON MRT eicdh ah ae nes j i ; \ F ar oe rea ae wae i ya a if = 45 * ang ©) PE Oe eRe ones Fee STOLE TR EMM Ato (re Meare tte Ae fh 2, on ae a i aR | ' au ‘ i i > ‘ i ens alts é if i Me The 7 o wh i ' Jicsse ip tye) cil ella agen ieee cae Ch aan bt i) fy r abhieds J we Tee hei UR ee Vet eat ie Aha) : pate , Ae u uit Hi nex ha" i iia iM : ry Ne ‘ , ‘ " a jl F ie ali s ne eet Gr fae cee ae Beare *e oe 1 *s 4 hye ie ‘ fe ars pie z, Nat Gor, Higa Ay in iy ; fi Saar | bein SR 2) me j xt i \ , aa i 4 4 2 or) AY 4 he ye Pa ta, i" f - ¥ Aas J ? i 4 1) ] “tg 5 if, Hy ia s ny tad yi ¥{ yy ‘ ad a " 4 ne i i] in ee Hi, Mi ig ’ pt Me i wie 4 j \ ned, 42 i] i 7 : hohe! pcmcia is Rinnai We io , ieee GO ary ne Or Bers Oy 0), i* by Hh eee ye . rae Pa Pe aah i i Tats, ft pe ' A tin wie We! Ye 4 : iv By is i Bhi OLAS) tae Ao i ‘bid iat Ae i Hie} , p mat Rh * Na st et ; ARR aa iy \ pene i et tm } 4 “ Nal f pres oh tf ; b = ier oP ie ‘0 Ly Cy tah ( ¥) ‘ at 4 4] ; : . ; F ‘ 4 4 4 i ’ ~ ? y ? { ' f i i’ 7 - ney 4 | ; iS r yy ent ’ idee { ia \J , { COAL BEDS. The following table shows the stratigraphic relation of the beds and their range in thickness... Coal Beds in Indiana Covnty. I oes saan aoa Renge in Average thickness Neme of bed intervel of coal beds (Sewickley MAGS SY, al Geaidsea a REA eC ARIE StGncCAle{ Eh a al NOUN oy Oh ; ( 80 ET SR VR PO YU sae kal Ce cad oe ee la ks wc em 6" = Zton ( 45 SSCA Sack: Tat indo « Ui a ae mp2 pS Gali aed PA a LF AN BD 1 ( 400-425 tT a i © rr Oke 70-100 Ey OTS SET ie SUDA SRE Ti etry ep yin ter 650 ( 40-60 (Coal EN Sige A VR IRON ON eek [oy Bh Nahe Ok goalie Pid alll Cpl ae A/a a On waeeOu ( 50-75 (Upper Freeport ("EN) 214 Uy COD vat nS NA ae Ee AN a ( 25-80 TEE Sa aaah ae] 0d A LELT Ly BO a ea oN a Behan ( 40-80 | Upper cde Mr oy set arya GERI AN Sa 10 Se apy cat a Sa Oe 6" . 5ro" BOmEC Aitegheny (Middle Kittanning ("0") -~--..-- --0O - 20" B95 ( 350 LORS) Waa dees abel Male VA) eg aim ce a QO = 510" ( } 50-85 (Clarion ("A Py aia ietttonene Theres grt ein NEG AY CLP EIS eM 6 L: ( 20-55 FSD ay ofe teas gett Weta ULE A ce call 9 ape ne ge a a Q = 419" The coals in the Mercer grovp in the Pottsville are not mineable in Indiana County. On Black Liek Creek, a coal in the Pottsville for- mation is locally 14 inches thick, but appears to be very lenticular. Coal Beds in Allegheny Formation, | Brookville ("A") coal. This bed, lying 2 few fest above the Pottsville sandstone, is generally very impure, high in sulphur, and veries greatly in thickness, At 01d Conemaugh Furnece it is 4 fect thick, and at Bolivar, ten miles down the Conemaugh only 18 inches. Qn Black Lick Creek at Heshbon end Bells Mills it is between 3 and 4 fect thick, and hes been used for steaming purposes and for burning et at ES cele . |) oe mre. © = * “ ~ ‘ “uy * ar ” iu an ¥ ° : . le “6 t ‘ \ 7 fi $ % 4 1 j , n ' i f ei ‘ ‘ Ay xs Ps * " hy sf f ; i , ‘ 4 hy 5 Kis vag a ae als . | WA W ee os y 5 i . Py 6 ove ek ~- ay how + ; m “ 4 ’ ” ¥ / " i wy ay be 7 uly re ‘ } i ee he we s/ 7” { ¢ i - ' J } 1 0 oe ik Sey i: emaanue i fee ah ii APE TaN a oe AE uh - it he eM le ’ { ¥ ry hi # f { \ . . ; ‘ , if + >a - 2 ea bt fe ted a is | F 4 4 4 et SEAR es ae wa ee: cas, oa as pe Manes ihe Biol iss Hy 2) cp oy aig mo. , aa NRRL oper’ nein iy Jet wnrqite aoees ower dent & uy - ‘ gotant Ba & nde ret 4a ies os i Hf i “@ hd — TS od piv iattine ee, ; ie n L} Jeans brick. It is extremely high in ash and sulphur. In Pine township it renges from 2 feet 2 inches to 3 feet 10 inches thick. Clarion ("A‘") coal. This coal, lying 20 to 55 feet above the Brookville, is thin, but very persistent in the county. It averages 6 inches thick. bed is about 100 feet above Low the Upper Preeport coal. It is below drainage practically everywhers in the county, and few Openings have been made in it. The bed does not average more than 2 feet in the entire county, although in local areas it has a maximum - thickness of 5 feet, It generally hes 3 to 4 inches of bony coal at the top. Its floor is fireclay and is persistently rolly. The shaie roof is always regular, There ere no persistent purtings or binders, although locally there is a thick clay parting near the center of the bed. Local lenses of pyrite are coumon. The Lower Kittanning is important on Conemaugh River and on Black Lick Creek, It averages 2 feet 10 inches thick at Boltz, and locally thickens to 3 feet 2 inchos, and has 5 inches of bone on top. It is 3 feet 2 inches thick in Robindale shaft, where it is mined for use in the West Penn power plant; 4 inches of top coal are locally bony. The bead is 5 feet 3 inches thick at Lockport, including a 3 inch parting of bone and shale 18 inches from the bottom, and 6 inches Of bone coal at the top. It is very high in sulphur, mede so by numerous lenses of pyrite. The Lower Kittanning coal is mined exten- Sively at. Robinson (Bolivar), where it varies from 3 feet é inches to 5 foet thick. It carries « few inches of bone coal on top. A local binder from 1 tc 6 inches thick is sometimes present 18 inches above the bottom, The coal is locelly very clean, but tends to be rathex high in sulphur. The Lower Kittanning coal is mined extensively on “Black Lick Creek east of Josephine, where it is 3 feet 4 inches thick, and has 4 inches of bone coal on the top. The coal ranges from 2 feet 4 inches to 4 fest thick at Heshbon. The bottom is very rolly, end there is 2 inches of bone coei at the top of the bed. The bed is 3 feet 10 inches thick at Scott Glenn, but contains many lenses er pyrite, The Lower Kittaming is deeply buricd in most of the southwestern part of the county, It outcrops ct a few points on Crooked Creek where it averages 2 feet 6 inches thick, but it is extremely high in sulphur. The coal is 3 feet 6 inches thick where mined in Center township, ond has 3 to 4 inches of bone cool on the top. It is locally 3 feet 10 inches thick in Armstrong township. There are many old openings in this bed southeast of Indiana, where the coal is used for domestic purposes. On Furriers Run the coal is 3 feet thick; on Yellow Creek, 3 feet 6 inches, One mile above Ramsey Run on Two Lick Creek the bed is 6 fect 2 inches thick, includiug a 16 inch shele parting 14 inchos from the bottom. Just above Allen Run on Two Lick Creek the bed is 7 feet 2 inches thick, including a 12 inch shale parting 2 feet 6 inches from the bottom. There are several openings in the Lower Kittanning coal on Penn Run and its tributaries. At Greenville it is 3 feet 10 inches thick; at Atherson's on the North Fork of Penn Run, 13 miles due north of Greenville, the coal. ranges - 6 - ¢ 7. 4 " . : Te ca r ‘ly S ‘ , ‘ v 7 ” © Ans peo ‘ is Ff 4 & OL Pai . ' 1 ps : bi a eh Pit: “* Veet, al ] R egal t eeet s: » ae ees p Le heey! ‘ Se tals ny : pas ae ee DAS Wi Aaa Seg hh ne et by Ween! we . ' f Pig ‘ { \ ) -_ 4 , Ws 4 : , } ' A ; ie rd cme Mi ; Ae ; ‘ i . ) me Th ¢ y 4 he 4 - ty t ' ’ } F, , GN ope os dal fs a ere 2H ak ” hy 4 *... thy ¥ N . Aa Py \ 4 ae Oe a : See +4 f a Wir & ; Piven, wy st he eh (a ema. By ; ng Ma) ‘ i! Rit 4 , 1 . i ' my 's ‘ ho b ‘5 } ew ity. F i ae # ’ } Sn be oat Prong? iy i Fe ah es #4 I Me! 4 t 4 { ; . ere 7 44 oh j a ae Je ae ak ‘ ata A ue {Hy ; “ON Ore Be Fy seey LE, rea " tent ie Be mi . a, im _ _ n . y ot eA y ay Abie k 4 ye i\ i 4 A gd ae a Wie . - ie ek t } t i ( 1 as ni . i La ee Bia oe r ee rf , * j ' Mm rt : j . ‘ ; & b ns i " ' ’ j . 1 > te 1, ¥ . \ ‘ ‘ ' 7 $ . } ¢ ’ ' ; ii i . . $ . | it j : é " Pan i ry i ’ , a S| Noe , } eS aan Abie ; ee : » ‘ ; ia + ty i be ; ’ \ Fe. i - j ‘ ae | oh y . Lier is ~ ¢ ¥ ti f ' f / “ iy is le ‘ " , v / t y i i Sele Hae yh Be iy SS ir 4 AF ‘ 1 ware held ‘grt Bhef ily , ) yf 7 ai tf a ut < , Pi ‘ i 4 (a ets x Sehr ieee : 1 ; ia \ } Gd ate ' in i f ; ‘ , dhe . i F [ i ® fe r i "% yy : | APs hee ae on fe Wow : ‘ ; ’ ‘ Coste : ey ‘ i hon 4 yd y M . a ene ye Ye / : Dy ae G nae hi Ae OD ts i r 4 d * 7% ’ ¥ ‘ ; f : . 7 ; fee" i ee h } 4 ¥t ; ay * 4 ‘ a Ned ’ ib hed J 3 . ay a " P ir Z : { ‘ Ss i from 3 feet 10 inches to 4 feet 3 inches thick, The coal is mined extensively at Clymer, where it avereges 5 feet 3 inches thick, not including 2a few inches of bone coel at the top. Drilling in the eastern part of the county, where the Lower Kittanning coal is deep under cover, indicates thet it is locally thin, but mMineable in lerge “reas. The Lower Kittanning coal is exposed in the northeastern part of the county only in the Glen Campbell region, but is not an important bed at present. It is 3 feet 4 inches thick at Hillsdale; @ feet 10 inches thick near Arcadian, It varies from 2 feet 8 inches to 4 feet 2 inches thick at Glen Campbell. Locally it hos a $ inch bone part- ing near the bottom, end also locally o few inches of bone coal at the bottom. At Juneau the coal is 19 inches thick and clean; at Enterprise, 12 inches thick; at Richmond, 3 feet 8 inches thick, including a 14 inch shale parting near the middle of the bed, ‘The coal renges from 18 inches to 3 feet thick near the headwaters of Mehoning Creck, and is clean but for numerous “knife blades" of pyrite. The Lower Kittanning is deep under cover in most of the north- western.part of the county. Drill hole records indicate that it is locally 4 feet thick, although the average is less than 3 feet. The bed hes a persistent bony top, and carries large amounts of pyrite. Middle Kittanning ("C") coal. This bed, lying 35 to 70 feet above the Lower Kittanning coal, is thin end unimportant in the county, but has been opened for house coal in a few pleces,. Its maximum thickness is 2 feet, and its average is about 6 inches. It measures 18 inches on Black Lick Creek; 16 inches on Two Lick Creek; and locally 2 fect thick on Mchoning Creek. sates Kittanning ("C") coal, This bed, lying about 100 feet above the Lower Kittanning coal, ig thin and unimportent in this county. There are places near Deckers wheres it is 5 feet thick and in some spots it is overlain by 4 feet of cannel cosl. South of Richmond a 5 foot bed of clean coal is probably at the horizon of the Upper Kittanning. It is locally 4 feet thick on Black Lick Creek. It is extremely variable in thickness and is very bony end high in sulphur. Lower Freeport ("D", ees coal, The Lower Freeport lies from 40 to 80 feet above the Upper Kittanning coal in Indiana County. The coal ranges from 12 inches to 16 feet thick, and varics from a clean coal of excellent quality to a coal high in sulphur and ash. The Lower Freeport is thin and irregular in all the townships south of Indiana, averaging less than 2 feet thick; furthermore it is high in sulphur, In local areas betweon Black Lick and Homer City tae bed is 3 feet thick, including a two inch bone parting 4 inches from the bottom, On Neal Run, near Jacksonville, the maximum thickness of the coal is 5 feat 2 inches, On the divide between Dixon and Buck Runs, one mile north of Two Lick Creek, the coal is 4 fect 4 inches thick, South of Dixonville it ranges from 3 feet 6 inches to 4 fect, one-half mile north of Dixonville it is 4 feet 3 inches thick. The = Fe : } bay , rey ‘ +7 A 1 ‘d . : * 4 : ra "a Peeks : " | R Brg ued We) Wel Chi ac MWe | ‘ A's 4 ven : ; mit a { ‘ : more Pa hale \ r A ’ CRG of i iis 4 : i ¥ q / fit RIDA A Vee oh 8 Pat ORGS ae st \ Sy é sgh ; OES: BEST ay ORT , . * t | ‘ ’ Mnf MEER i sk ee oy: Goh we aes ameter tem ant he ae $28 Oe mie i'n heat DUR OR de aly Odes mate Cy a : i : ' i iia a i rey " is . y ae Te) | y aly ree tod eg 3a tie Be ek ee gar’ ve ‘ Me) ELS Dos A ‘ oo wi) wi AS +e nl } Gg Lies bey ‘ ae ee od hae ee uh . ty aed ri phates bis ak acy at ly ONL Be PEE Ry Woe Va AMS ay) Gor? ant ie St he Bon Be ae a ime \ mira bt a yee nes :} ee ee! ‘ WON Fe Md ya if { a ue , re te rf eects ‘a Ww ri Sim 4 aa , ‘ s A ty : A 4 ’ ah te *Y Wes ae pee CrP, i as i ame P i” i i, Sa i mt % Om 4 £95 OR rae Bae ee ORR sot baa Gn, ree ne . i ae d i ‘ ThA +P as [ 4} a ii ; ; p mt aS x jake penal! Ae * | Bal 4 Aas RAG RRO A) APS es a 1M etal SRR hata " . es i ae cS } 1: AS '‘ PPR Ty ze “t . ob & } y Hage Ge BS Riad Banks Seam a had S 2 Ty Re ‘ ‘ } vs py - x A] a " : u 64 hOGA OA: CINE a eee oe af eels: oxy ; i . * a o ee | Walk | alter . i tb, 9 3 > “ Yk” TOUT RAG NR th. PAS APR TEL YA a we ik BGS bei A \ ; ~ rt ‘ - + Arey ig i of * uF ‘ . iy y i 4 ¥,} : 4 ¥ L * fim * 1 a as ’ ee . iT) bee , y f! { Bat i g ¥ . ie i " be ) Ae, fy RTL Pike ee | nit i : "w* Bay : } = Magus ats Mei it ni! ary nie oi y py Chetin® h ba i LM ek we fy? } ae ba ae A ake ‘ , ie i . ey ’ ‘ hit ¥ 5 ney , tl 7 J i ‘ bits ett ye : + Ai 4 ‘ , ' % ) aR eh iigtatalno land ; ¥ ee ws £ shite yc Livi % a 6 iP ; r 7 ua \ a ee bys i 47) : ‘ , ane f ’ Br goa oy im tue t eo ; - { j (ene) a! a ee A OURS AM amy AN 18 2 SU og vat Pr ie, , , y } } 5 a i y wa ny Thies bee) fa 7 A Dy a a a my Fi tr ay yay a ' ‘ i FN aE Ey | isis b¢ Al Po. 2: pa ¥ Pa iain prongs MWe. 2 ant ny Mc. ety, dh 2 Haney Manley FR hcl CLO Petit I A GIO Be p (44 ESAS ald 5 / ie, ; WO er ay st at he y Se MS. Ms md eS HER hab ee ; gay ee ek) oe Pee ae 4 "ae ivi bt & Laikiyy arold, igi ue i ‘ oes ae m fed any ‘ P Cy a a i : ay ‘ +, ae ‘ oe 4 on Bm (yi fe. Nae 4 4 Pi) ih ahve ones Aol eg iy by toae Wg ot “ORE sas “1 f Be ore | * pe? wa ) 2. 1 a Sse ia ree re i mM bait! ial Gib Aside: aon Laas Vacate ny it ‘ ge Y bah) oe, men te VER SO 8 meal BAILA, a: ie gs #¢ ihe att 3 f we TE Aj Re 4 ee 4 f% Yeweil ange we jeu ei A) of ia hi te ne Ls Re Deg li is. 4 i aes AN BMA. a or Ak eone i ik ) i : », t < q h 4 ‘ ; * ‘ ae ip $ jit , coal is oxccllent, although locally there are many small bands of pyrite scattered through it. The bed ranges from a fow inches to 4 foct 9 inches thick in Armstrong township. The only development of the Lower Freeport in the district east of Indiana is at Heilwood, where the bed has a maximum thickness of 3 feet 6 inches. The coal is clean, low in sulphur and ash, and minos out in lerge lumps. In Grant township, between Richmond and Mahoning Creek, the bed averages 2 fect 6 inches thick in a smell areca. Locally it hes 5 inches of bone coal at the bottom, end a 1 inch bone binder 10 inches from the bottom. An unusual thickness - 16 feet - together with exceptionally good quality is found in Montgomery and Banks townships, in the Glen Campbell district, However it diminishes rapidly to 2 feet or 1lceSe Where thickest the bed is divided into several benches by rather thick partings. The main bench, 6 fect thick, is separated from & lower bench 2 feet to 2 feet 6 inches thick, by a 5 inch clay part- ing. Over the main bench is a parting of light-drab clay end shele nearly 3 feet thick, containing a 7 inch band of coal near the middle. Above the thick parting is a local bench of coal 4 feet thick, In @ few pleces the coal is a solid bed 4 to 5 feet thick. Generally it ranges from 3 feet to 3 feet 6 inches thick, with benches of bony coal about 8 inches thick, either above or below the main bench. At Juneau, on Canoe Creek, the coal has a local meximum thickness of 3 feet 8 inches, but the average thickness is less than 2 feet. The coal is thin and irreguler in the northwestern townships. It has & Maximum thickness of 3 feet in very smsll areas on the nerth bank of Plum Creek. On Mahoning Creek in North Mahoning township the Lower Freeport coal is locally 5 feet thick, end has only one thin perting near the bottom. The coal is rather high in sulphur, but mines out in good sized lumps, The Lower Freeport coal averages about 27 per cont volatile matter; 59 per cent fixed carbon; 9 per cent ash; and 1.5 por cent sulphur. In general it is a hard, compact coal that mines out in good sized lumps, Its extreme irregularity in thickness has greatly hindered its development, and will continue to do so until the more valuable Upper Preeport coal has been exhausted. Upper Freeport ("E") coal. This bed, lying about 50 feet above the Lower Freeport and about 190 feet above the Lower Kittaming, is the most important coeal in the county. Its thickness is verieble but it is exceptionally regular in lerge areas, The bed averages 3 feet 5 inches thick in the entire county, and only locally has any partings end binders, It invariably hes a reguler fire clay bottom. The roof, where sandstone, is "rolly." r The Upper Freeport has been mined extensively on Conemaugh River in Indiana County, It averages less then 2 fect thick at Cremer, but at Seward it is 3 fcet thick, There are meny small mines at Lockport where it is very irreguler, ranging from 3 feet to 6 feet 6 inches thick, A top bench of coal 24 to 28 inches thick carries much pyrite and is separated from the middle bench by 8 to 12 inches of bony coal. ~ 8B m= e ; te iN SS ONY Nae f ie ; tZ ft ir t} Dae ; i AN Jy . Dae a gt tinh bd” wks +1 AR oe 3 YS i a BiMan'y. i oak Oy oy aan x — , | eo aoren f j wR i : sie Vie SRE RR ere ee ie ota ta : ¢ ' ~~ it . } “4 i iN hy sy od ERY «a cane LP wens a tetas ee Ow eee r . at Gute Oo EU aed WO Ge OR a . a ‘ * . » - ) Ae. , f pa . Tt na ae ne we *) Ne! . ‘4 aus ie oe , Be . . ay ge awe Neh ¢ i rey yer vy. f Ae vis in Ah ; Se VO yet rts eh Fuss lat Ve a e. y 5 ne RY . ee ee ~- i , ee wr “ mi ; ; a SO oe e¢ SE OER ce , \ U { uli hint ae qe tucme hry, aunt Wing Os Se a af ‘conceit Bae f HOPS \Ge ara 5 " ve n : I : oe i, af hae nit Pree’ Ww ¥e saa, mae f in Ries ¢ = ye ee Heroes ry ae sry) ve Mae aes 2 ey cakes beni oe eater eas od +o hee oth a | re ; d y " . le NOME ANA eb ea ut ho Me Ramet ee rao ts vidi. ; A a : a ae rd 7 ‘ Peta he ae eh ge eaee SAEae | , f i Hae oog ae 2 2.7 Gn: ‘hat i shy « OF Monod wise Ce te i y ive f ee an SHS : , ' an ‘a f By “at K aa tt ss Yh, $ . a ae ae tet COE ittag ae Th eek ae ee hoa eisk. Eee ae pee ; j Sy ORR PP RE a Zee " ¥. Bway uw % te] » be ° a 3 ry ’ ‘i é } . s4 ¢ LTRs ey wi gO im a ; ; ’ | } ‘ : >) Mi “t A) r x yay rf rat “¢ age #4 ? , _ } ' Me 5 oh ey Lap de roe be hr i ‘ee A ws he my ) ho VAP BLOW, sap’ ” ; . Ph muen Tear eae i Ae u ea ee Ua ASIA Nt) Ae .o ey A ¢ ie! 7 , aN ies i eH y Rant reek A - Be gi Se OS , sidig Roky bed eee wa bic Treane | | Se not wants ek Ee ee ey ha 3 re os pa “ , bibeny ni Esta ak % shi a nae a | pa ate nhs, Aes ae ie i Hf j sty ki Deut en 1 oe er sey eres int ‘ send \ | - . wie vontk hy odo TAG me j es 3 rf j ; ‘ae ae oT ed ‘bore gaya “2th 3 Vv ve \ " - ! Ma b Fae we ~ ay ay & aes “ me rh ; . aie" baling AD Bade Padiiise re he say Oh ah pif) & tis ie | >? 44-6. FAAS hee Aa hh, aoe. 2 rae 4 ¥: * f i eoge' no, ¥ yt baie vert i ou g p ee a iu G kd acest : i * é P ia “e as apa - a A mi F ae j f F ‘ R , Ags A We Ae : wt ae ii) Ge » Lis @ et ‘ ae ae Yop. Pit, ae eee , is hog ' , Tee “td tf ». ayy? Pr.» soa ide Ye ns ant p soul he al \; eat Y. 3 SOG LANCE 5 he: f i t% i as AL eM Bil ed hy ye 9 B wt ‘GR ae sein PNprine” amd Mecha OR» Cetra eat oe Laas x8 208 i aT J “ , \ i : b te a + sae $ * He EA). ete We iy rth BO SULA Oe ES A Oe fae f >: r P SF i Me 4 a, Pie | 16 Ga, f ot eg iy Pte Ss ‘ v ha pe a fee k ee Gane? ME pox “~ ‘ " ae i 7. “4 ary | : v# ¥ Cie) ute mts) ig ee aT a. | Cap ea : J D ‘ f 4 -% ets re Nghe eel a ‘ u. ah tau" “f C Aignaniees Fi ry ; / TAO bese ‘ . ~ ; ; ae . x f shi fro, ie ove ae © ae pps. eat. Ft vareot a “4 5: ae Oss Se ie aes sok water wy ae “ da ; wr hae ES cores!) heres ae ee ee - ee ot ae a ; \ wen? 0. Oe, ee S sien? Pe AES rate ”) bi hoshitie ie r vue Ap A i ei a , yee ; ale » i ite ; i ¥ at, f ba ber hy he iS ve) L mw AD) oe The mi@@€lc bench is excellent co2l, 20 to 22 inches thick. A shale parting + to 14 inches thick suparates it from a lower bench 20 inchcs to 2 feet 2 inches thick, The coal in the lower bench is high in ash, but has been used with much success for steaming purposes. At Robinson end Condit, the coal is 6 to 7 fect thick including a porsistent bony top 10 to 12 inches thick, end two bone partings, ono averaging 4 inches and the other 6 inches, On Black Liek Creek the Upper Freeport coal averages less then 12 inches thick and where 3 foot thick it is very bony and extremely high in sulphur. In the western townships it averages 4 feet thick, Openings have been made * in the vicinity of Jacksonville, where the coal ranges from 3 feet 6 inches to 4 feet 7 inches thick, It is high in ash end sulphur, In Conemaugh township the coal is 3 feet 11 inches thick, with 5 inches of bony coal and shele 6 inches above the bottom. The Upper Fresport is 5 feot thick on Crooked Creck and its tributaries, including a 6 inch shale parting 18 inches from the top. In Armstrong township the Upper Freeport ranges from 2 to 3 feet thick. New operations are starting in this bed et Shelocta. The col thivs northward and is Pa fect 10 inches to 3 feet 6 inches thick on South Branch of Plum Creokz, and is partec by 1 inch of shele 5 inches from the bottom. The bed is very importont in the northwestern townships. The coal locally averages’6 feet on North Fork of Plum Creek. It carries numerous pyrite lenses, and is parted by 1 inch of shele near the bottom and 5 inches of bonc coal near the top, The bed is 4 fect thick on Mahoning Creek in Indiane County, end has 8 inches of bone coal at the top, a4 to 2 inch bone binder 8 to 10 inches adove the bottom, and numerous streaks of pyrite. The Upper Freeport coal is also very importent in the central tier of townships. It is mined extensively on ‘two Lick Creek, At Graceton it is 6 feet 8 inches thick, including an 8 inch shale part- ing 2 fect 6 inches from the top. The upper bench corries considerably pyrite, and the lower bench is used after washing, for making coke. The coke is bright, herd and has well developed cell structure. On Tearing Run the bed is 6 feet thick, including an 8 inch shale part- ing 19 inches from the top. A number of openings have been made on the Upper Freeport coal on Chestnut Ridge, and measurements show thet in this region there is little veriation in the thickness of the coal. On the road between Homer ond Heshbon, 1+ miles east of Graceton the coal is 5 feet thick, ineluding 9 inches of shale end bone, 6 to 8 inches from the cp, Southeast of Indiann on Two Lick Creck the coal is 7 feet 3 inches thick, including 10 inches of shale 27 inches from the top. This thickness is persistent in most of White township. The Upper Freeport coal again decreases in thickness northwerd, On the top of the ridge in the vicinity of the road between Indiana and Greenville, the coel’is 4 feet thick, inclu .ug 2 1 ineh shele porting 9 inches from the bottom, and another 6 inches thick’, 8 inches from the top. It is even thinner near Penn Run, and has two 3 inch shale partings. In the eres directly north of Penn Run the Upper ‘Freeport is thin snd unimportent. On Dixon and Rayne Runs the coal is thin and in large areas is entirely Lacking. sa: eee {oe : ey 4 Do we iN at , J] 4 £ i 4 » ‘ wv av oii ee Oe Se oy bat otk ia bbicheteie AS | tt Bes 7 j : peers is ay af yi Ea, ae ne vbr ar t f eh Ae a Oe Tabet i a, ee ee ee Cie f Wiig hal AAR eae a | 4 Be 4 ay $ P P ‘ a ra Wie eh i, , Ad a ie RR i rie Wisin as hey a neonck at of ae hea hale Re fest Pe ere > : - , Bey avis bs Sa eee ea ot et c. HAS ne: {pte rs ante & he Ta” wl I fod a | %) le i ‘ ; . fe > = ase Fa Pe i. elif ao ya: ; eemans nth ; i Bake | 4 ft Hath ye re Os is x me 7 as a ei Are Ni ae Be pay rig * cae gateie pe ML HAE BORD aR ee inane one ht “ ven vee te Rover *r ite |S ap’ ak 7 A ae ee Pc ef at aie donk ie 8 oe ain Ya TE : ‘ ‘ vi h te Ta aS a Runs past Aeon Se" See a ce Ae ip ¥ oO edad BP st oe! ath ay Ae ae ty. c Fi diape + PRGA: Cha A Sn oo ae fd ecise oe oy ae Re pass® n; a Se A A eM mmr andn tn ah Snape AGED US Og ne ea my +3 | ( i y t ae | wt Ae {La Sa } Ea d ble } ab a e y hw LIN ap" iy ‘Tote , \s iy: | mi ayn ‘a a bi Hf wach y t red rf ‘ medley x a . el) r h Lobe ns) . yw a eat ines Hee idea by | . | sth . ae ‘ ane we rh ws |. AHN nf ’ "tewii Lica Moe a aed e ra iN Ae a oy oe ad As ite igang te yh er denice: eas ee EP * ’ at Py ae } i . n 5 Neg «] 44 , my } t} vt PP ae ; Py te ei t . a Pe aay ie Fee, he i x is ‘ “ is yt ee eae mgt vee RE aii mt 7 az { ’ { > ’ : ren bed al . a : er te VI ad : ; 7 » nice : , eh < j yk j “ : 7 D i Unt we of wi re ? 5 P ois de Luntts it ah Bh 4 } " aaPaad Ms sighs. tidhens abe p ~ ‘ ~ i / on iam 4 5 & ! PS eB ee OF ¢ hoy ‘ f wey uy ) , a a ee PY Mt a 5 2 t a h 1 Ue. ry Lah eo! f We) *% yi td ’ y y 4 uy ra f # 4 . .< ¥ ‘ 7 i af Nf : ate j 5 1 ; \ if Pxp ; eve ae | ‘ . inp \ { ‘id ‘ ‘ "Wa 2 } , ‘£ee- 4 1 y uv ia - } } cs Dera bears ‘ Ny hee one Aid td Ane ee ee mM MP ur ‘hee Le | Po erally ek * : : ii Pils : I He \ N Ay y ini i 1 ! “4 ce Yh oe ¥ i ad A, hein i Eo. ‘ } ‘ . 1] hal ‘= Gi eee ' v , Mi me ay Mr a's in OS Tc a Oy hd i wists it Bs : i 4 \ : ; } ills " hiryay Sas mR Ne ey " ? \ Nari apatite dea Wy es ‘4 , MAE) ‘BY AME a .* Ny j j ; Mi eA HAAN ' son { 1 La Ptah Bl Sie, A : ; ya Nr iaailaaie cE TLL a mab A ¥ : ry. i aa fe" ‘ ; 4, , “ \ ‘ ' 5 a OPT PY is i me, "t % cy ps we nt A | " "ii veh ES Reh ys bik of A me K i , a ¢ ap itns fel L i 3 4 ‘ ’ rt v oy ¥ - e ie Ail ie + | ‘ N ».\¢ ' ‘ one CE) ng ay i ‘ ‘ P ‘ J % 4 ; Pee re. Hip NM ou ay "*J % ie) a seh 4 hy Mew iy f i Manag | a ee ‘ ie i yen e mit mers ame Oe § ITS FD ta} \ . ‘ re ala Wea i * ; 1 ee a 4 i’ ‘ “~ ‘ i 7 STRAY ‘ « : a . + da ok eee ate i a f eS ne sabia Alte } . . Yao i f Pe de: ‘ 1 , ‘ { ol ‘ . . 7 + f ‘ . i Sank aie eb ; F A a Me i ee coi erg. Ame Ot A eS Berle Ri q 4 “40 iy eo Tay bho TF ibe 43 5 a, TW ae te: ek y op es }. ian AY ston ne Ages lod " Hy ee eo A mate, Prien | f } we a a F ; ; ‘ ae Pay p : r 7 Ba rer st, : Ps See ae og y OEY GS a SOAR? Baris ote nia ise . i ~ yt 2 ty ali 5 : j - ‘ ‘ » zs! ' id io. ve , 7 ued ; ’ at ‘ ‘ ‘ F Phd elk > © i ef} *h "i i oN 4 J wt Pt ae Fay ae peat a maar AR ieee ey become ge wet NE RL RE * a ain BL OY Pienced is india, See RG? wailed MMO LE. \ . ¥ , Y 3 | ap | 7a o Bei 4g j P ofp} Aayall! ok Wr py, pre we tay y h api ; ' ; ; Lg f wh, a ty Chee bd it ‘\ 4 oe aa ot Pot ei +h » st - Fi + : % ay ts i" a Y ; Lew Ph Bt ws AP ry bas Sil ne oe ; ; fx sey ‘ fy f ea ‘ fg ! i - grey «aby ey. (oe a Art aby * n’ Ke A oe Se A a ae ¥ A ch ‘i ay iM. i £ Sidut { ) \ 1 ! , , ‘ wh 4 . % . aj ‘ } we *? ‘ ' : F f é oad . indefinite. No attempt will be made to name them in this report. Near Gaibleton there are two co2ls ebout 60 end 130 feet above the Upper Freeport. The lower one is 2 feet thick, The higher coal is 3 feet thick on Brush Run and on the hills west of Rayne Run. On the headwaters of Crooked Creek between Onberg and Ideal, there are several openings in the Conemaugh formation on a coal bed abové the Mahoning sandstone, and about 100 feet above the Upper Iree~ vort, The coal is 2 feet 10 inches thick, including 4 inches of bone coal, 6 inches from the top. . On Brush Creek, 14 miles southwest of Mechanicsburg, a coal about 200 feet above the Upper Freeport has been opened, and is reported %o be 3 feet thick, A coal bed about 225 feet above the Upper Freeport is 3 feet thick near Kellers Mill, and appeers to be rather persistent in a consider éhle area. The lower part of the bed is dirty, but the upper part is excellent, clean coal. A coal at the Harlem horizon has been seen on Two Lick Creek. It is very irregular, has a maximum thickness of 28 inches, but is of excellent quality. Coal Beds in Monongahela FPoruation. Pittsburgh Coal. The northern most «rea of Pittsburgh coal in Pennsylvania is in the highland on the Arnstrong-Indiane county-line south of Crooked Creek, The bed underlies 124 squore miles in Indisne County. It ranges from 6 to 10 feet,thick, including partings and roof coal, Generally the roof coal is so dirty that it is not Mined, but used as a roof to hold up the soft shales above it. The dol is 7 feet 2 inches thick at West Lebanon, including a = inch shale wicting 2 feet 2 inches fron the bottom’, and 4 inches of bony coal’, 2 ‘oot 2 inches from the top. The coal is 9 feet thick at Iselin, in- Luding a 6 inch shale parting 2 feet from the botton; on Big Run € set thick’, including 12 inches of shale 20 inches from the top; on -igkiminitas River the bed is 6 feet 9 inches thick and carries a 1$ .neh shale perting 2 feet 5 inches above the bottom. The Pittsburgh coal averages 56 per cent fixed carbon, 34 per | eent volatile matter, 8 per cent ash, and 1.5 per cent sulphur. It “<5 a hard stick and block co2l, and mines out in fair sized lumps. Redstone Coal. This bed, lying about 45 feet above the Pitts- burgh bed, and composed of alternating bands of shzle end coal, is very thin and irreguler. It hes a maximum thickness of 3 feet at Elders Ridge, but is too impure to be mined. sewickley Coal. This bed, lying 125 feet above the Pittsburgh, underlies a small @rea in the highest hills near Elders Ridge. It is 2 to 5 feet thick’, but has not bean mined because of its high ash and sulphur content, - ll « 4 ’ ) 7 2 y ' t ‘ oe | 1 wo 4 — \ wy ‘. i Ay’ ‘9p s sa iii sii re % & Fae +e sanany sl aaiiaas tiny aes ea ait 5