hy, » ais) HREM ER NE ES eee . ; =) ia = he « yg a“ aS ~*~ fle. =) fe 3 =bN8 { S wy 4 Eo A % : = : : % L = = yas ss 5, x agge Th = I By EDWARD J. MIERS, eo eS 7 uy Re Oe oe RE RAO haele ON THE Cl EN Ty ee Ge esr les keS OF THE VOYAGE OF H.MS. CHALLENGER DURING THE YEARS 1873-76 UNDER THE COMMAND OF CarraIn IGHORGE: SNARES @ Renee ce Ras, Orr AND THE LATE Captain FRANK TOURLE THOMSON, R.N. PREPARED UNDER THE SUPERINTENDENCE OF THE LATE Sirota Ve LL bie TO Ms Ce NK ims srannckc, REGIUS PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH DIRECTOR OF THE CIVILIAN SCIENTIFIC STAFF ON BOARD AND NOW OF JOHN MURRAY ONE OF THE NATURALISTS OF THE EXPEDITION ZOOLOGY—VOL. XVII. PART XLIX.—REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA By EDWARD J. MIERS, F.Z.S., F.L.S. jOublishes bp Order of Her Majesty's Government PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE . AND SOLD BY LONDON :—EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE, EASTER HARDING STREET, FETTER LANE. EDINBURGH :—ADAM & CHARLES BLACK. DUBLIN :—HODGES, FIGGIS, & CO. 1886 Price Nineteen Shillings. ‘ail fs _ PRINTED BY NEILL AND COMPANY, EDINBURGH, % i Baht rt ” \ ‘FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE. a) 7 vs : ‘ ‘ EDITORIAL NOTE. THE present part is a valuable Systematic Report on the Bracuyura collected during the Expedition, by Edward J. Miers, Esq., F.L.8., formerly Assistant in the Zoological Department of the British Museum. It is to be regretted that Mr. Miers’ health did not permit him to revise the proofs of the greater part of the Report as it was passing through the press. Great care was, however, taken to render the text as correct as possible, and fortunately Mr. Miers has been able to look over the Report, and to point out a few errors, before the last sheets were passed for press. The Manuscript of the Report was received by me in instalments between the 1st April and the 25th November 1886. JoHN Murray. CHALLENGER OFFICE, 32 QUEEN STREET, Epinpureu, 6th December 1886. : 1 “i ie Orin: ent | 6 ‘ uy. i es ro. 4 fates ee TA THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. LOOLOGY. REPORT on the Bracuyura collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the Years 1873-76. By Epwarp J. Miers, F'.L.8., F.Z.8. DN RO DUC LILO IN: THE Collection of Brachyura obtained during the Expedition of H.M.S. Challenger contains a large number of new and very interesting types, which deserve perhaps a fuller treatment than it has been found possible to give to their description and illustra- tion. The groups assigned to me as Brachyura are those included in this group by Professors H. Milne Edwards and J. D. Dana, who may perhaps still be regarded as the leading authorities on the classification of the higher Crustacea, and the arrangement followed is, as regards the four principal subdivisions, that of those naturalists, although considerably modified as regards the minor groups. In the present Report no attempt has been made to enter into the anatomical or paleontological affinities of the Brachyura,—subjects which it seemed to me should be left to those students of the group, who, by special training and experience, would be better qualified than myself to discuss them—but merely to furnish a systematic account of the numerous species collected, to amend and modify the classification where necessary, and to give lists as complete as possible, of the recent species of each genus, so far as these are not included in the works of MM. H. and A. Milne Edwards, Professor J. Bell, F.R.S., and others who have revised families or subfamilies of the Brachyura; the numerous genera have also been redescribed on a uniform system, and it is thus hoped that the Report will prove, in the absence of any catalogue of the group, of assistance both to present and future systematists, and a useful supplement to the monographs of A. Milne Edwards (the first living authority upon this special group of the Crustacea), and to the (ZOOL, CHALL. EXP.—PART XL1x.—1886.) Cec a il THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S8. CHALLENGER. Histoire naturelle des Crustacés ; and may thus facilitate the preparation, at some future time, of a Catalogue of the Brachyura, a work much needed by all students of the higher Crustacea. The collection itself was well suited to the preparation of a memoir of this kind, on account of the relatively large number of littoral and shallow-water forms represented in it from nearly all parts of the globe, the sorting, determining and incorporation of which with the collection of the Museum occupied much more of the time which was originally allotted to me for the preparation of the Report than was anticipated, and although this time was generously extended by Mr. John Murray, and no limitations whatever placed upon me in the performance of my task by the authorities of the British Museum, yet in its accomplishment I am conscious of having fallen far short of what might have been effected, on account of the weakness of my health, and the necessary duties which fell upon me as the assistant (until quite recently) in charg, of the collection of Crustacea in that Institution. With regard to the collection itself, as I have elsewhere noted,’ the groups richest in new genera and species are the Oxyrhyncha (Maioidea) and Oxystomata (Leucosoidea), and to these belong most of the new forms collected at depths exceeding 100 fathoms. No Brachyurous crab occurs in those deepest abysses of the ocean (exceeding 2000 fathoms), _ where the Challenger dredgings have shown the lower forms of animal life may occur, and but very few at depths exceeding 500 fathoms. The localities furnishing the greatest proportion of new and interesting types are stations at, among, or near the Islands of the Malaysian Archipelago; e.g., at the Philippine Islands (Station 210), at the Ki Islands (Station 192), at the Admiralty Islands (Station 219), and also at the _ Fijis (Station 173). Some interesting types were also taken on the Agulhas Bank off the South African coast (Station 142). For further details, | may refer to the List of Stations, and that indicating the bathymetrical distribution of the species. As regards the geographical distribution of the species, a large number of the littoral and shallow-water species are widely distributed Atlantic or Indo-Pacific forms. Of the new species collected in deeper water, many, of course, are known from but a single locality, but instances are not wanting to show that of the species inhabiting deeper water some may also prove to have a wide geographical range; such are—Lispognathus thomsoni (Norman), and Ebalia tuberculosa, A. Milne Edwards. From.a geographical point of view, the collection is interesting, also, as furnishing indications of the Crustacean fauna of localities hitherto rarely visited or unexplored by the carcinologist. I may instance the island of Fernando Noronha, where nine species were taken in shallow water, of which two are apparently undescribed. Also the range of some well-known species has been shown to be more extended than was hitherto known, as, eg., Geocarcinus lagostoma, Milne Edwards. 1 Narr. Chall. Exp., vol. i. part ii. p. 585, 1885. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. lil With regard to the terminology employed in the descriptions of new genera and species, I have found the simple divisions of the ‘‘ regions” of the carapace, long ago indicated by Desmarest, and modified by H. Milne Edwards in 1834—40, sufficient for all practical purposes. These regions are (besides the frontal, orbital and antennal regions, and the epistoma) the gastric, cardiac and intestinal regions, situated in the median dorsal line, the hepatic, situated ordinarily behind the orbits and near to the antero-lateral margins of the carapace, the branchial regions, covering the whole of the postero-lateral parts of the dorsal surface, and the pterygostomian regions, situated on the inferior surface, and between the antero-lateral margins and the buccal cavity. The _ description. of the carapace and post-abdomen is followed by that of the appendages and limbs in regular sequence, a complicated terminology being avoided wherever possible. With regard to the synonymical citations, it has been thought sufficient, as a rule, in the case of well-known species, to refer to the original authority for the species and to a recognisable figure, also to the latest or principal authority for the group to which the species belongs, but the synonyma are occasionally given more fully when there has been anything to add or elucidate with regard to them. Had health and time allowed, I had hoped to give a complete bibliographical list of the works and memoirs relating to the Brachyura, but health, which necessitated the resigna- tion of my post in the British (Natural History) Museum, compelled also the abandonment of this idea, and I thought it right to place the manuscript of the Report in the hands of Mr. Murray for publication. The whole of the systematic part, which had been com- pleted as far as the description of the genera and species was concerned, though not finally revised for press, was accordingly printed off before my health again permitted me to return to the subject. I have therefore found it impossible to insert many details that would have been desirable regarding the affinities and limitation of the various families and subfamilies, &c., and a few errors and omissions occur, which are referred to in the list of errata at the end of the Report; perhaps also the lists of species are not in all cases as complete as a thorough revision of the literature would have made them. I have to thank the Editor of the Reports, and Mr. T. Wemyss Fulton, M.B., of the Editorial Staff of the Challenger Office, for the care that was taken to render the text as correct as possible while the sheets were passing through the press. The generic descriptions of the earlier part of the Report, relating to the Oxyrhyncha, and drawn up when I was much engaged with other work, might, perhaps, have been extended with advantage to embrace further structural details, and some of the earlier plates are inferior to the later in finish; nevertheless they will in all cases, it is hoped, -gerve the purpose for which they were intended, namely, to illustrate and identify the species ; and my best thanks are due to Mr. R. Morgan for the pains which he at all times bestowed upon this work, in which he had had previously but little experience. iv , THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. SYSTEMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF THE BRACHYURA. In place of a complete bibliographical list I subjoin the following brief notice of the classifications proposed by the leading systematists. If time and opportunity had permitted, even this short abstract of the subject could have been with advantage treated in greater detail and thereby rendered more complete.1 | Professor H. Milne Edwards, in 1834, in the first volume of his great work,? separated from the Brachyura of earlier authors, and designated Anomura, those forms in which the sternum is linear, and the post-abdomen is less closely inflexed beneath the sternal surface of the body, and bears more or less well-developed appendages upon the pen- ultimate segment. He divided the restricted Brachyura into the four great natural groups or subdivisions, Oxyrhinques (Oxyrhyncha), Cyclometopes (Cyclometopa), Catométopes (Catometopa), and Oxystomes (Oxystomata), which have been retained by most succeeding authors, and are adopted in the present Report, with these modifications only, that I follow Professor Dana in placing the Thelphusinea (which are regarded by Milne Edwards as a tribe of the Catometopa) and the somewhat heterogeneous group Corystoidea in the Cyclometopa; the affinities of the Corystoidea, however restricted, seeming to be rather with the Oxyrhyncha and the Cyclometopa than with the Oxystomata where Milne Edwards places them. This method of restricting the Brachyura, indicated in the Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, was apparently adhered to by Milne Edwards in 1852 in the article entitled ‘Observations sur les affinités zoologiques et la classification naturelle des Crustacés,” * where, however, the term Ocypodide is adopted for the group designated Catometopa in his earlier work, and an arrangement of the genera proposed, which I think to be in many particulars less natural and convenient to systematists than that of Dana, which appeared almost contemporaneously, and which in its turn has been modified by Dr. Stimpson and in the present Report. It will be unnecessary to refer in further detail to the arrangement of the families and subfamilies indicated in the Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, a work which is in the hands of every student of the group. De Haan, in 1835-1849, in his great work on the Crustacea of Japan,* which is a standard work of reference with all students of the Crustacea, divides the Brachyura into two great primary sections or groups, as follows:—(1) Brachygnatha, with the four subdivisions Cancroidea, Majacea, Dromiacea, and Trichidea, and (2) Oxystomata, 1 Reference is made here only to those works which deal in a general way with the arrangement of the whole group, and not to several papers where special families or subfamilies are dealt with, nor, of course, to many memoirs relating to the faune of particular regions, or describing collections from special localities. 2 Hist. Nat. des Crust., vol. i. pp. 247, 263, 1834. 3 Ann. d. Sct. Nat., ser. 3 (Zool.), xviii, p. 126, 1852. 4 Crust. in v. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, Introd., p. xi., 1849. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. V including the groups Dorippidea, Calappidea, Matutoidea, Leucosidea, and Raninoidea. In the first named division (Brachygnatha) the subdivision Cancroidea includes not only the Cyclometopa, but also the Catometopa or Grapsoid Crabs, and the Corystoidea (Corystiens) of Milne Edwards. This system, based in large measure upon the structure of the maxillipedes (upon the study and illustration of which in the different types of the Brachyura de Haan bestowed so much time and labour) has been adopted by few other authors.’ W. 8. MacLeay in 1849” somewhat fancifully divides the Brachyura into two primary sections, the first, Tetragonostoma, including the stirpes Pinnotherina, Grapsina, Cancrina, Parthenopina, and Inachina, the second, Trigonostoma, including the stirpes Drominia, Dorippina, Corystina, Calappina, and Leucosina. The value of the great subdivisions proposed by de Haan, and of his minor groups or genera, was discussed at length by Professor J. D. Dana in 1852, in the introduction to his elaborate Report on the Crustacea collected during the U.S. Exploring Expedition under Captain (Commodore) Wilkes, U.S.N.,’ and the defects of his classification are poited out. It will be unnecessary here to reproduce in detail the system of arrange- ment proposed by Dana, who not only characterised anew the families and subfamilies of the Brachyura, but gave diagnoses of all of the then known genera ; it will be sufficient to note, that the four great groups of the Brachyura proposed by Milne Edwards are retained nearly as they were defined by that author, and the Dromiacea and Raninoidea, included by de Haan in the Brachyura, are restored to the Anomura. Dana’s classification, as regards the subfamilies and minor subdivisions, has been considerably modified by A. Milne Edwards in 1861-65 as regards the Cancroidea,* and by myself in 1879 ’ as regards the Oxyrhyncha. He divides the Oxyrhyncha into the legions Maiinea, Parthenopinea, and Oncininea, the latter section restricted to the genus Oncinopus, which in my revision of the group is placed near Macrocheira in the subfamily Inachine ; the Cyclometopa or Cancroidea into the legions Cancrinea, Thelphusinea, and Cyclinea (the latter restricted to the genus Acanthocyclus); for the Catometopa and Oxystomata the division is into families only, for which I must refer to his Report; no primary sections or legions are established in these groups. , His subdivisions in the Oxyrhyncha, Cyclometopa, and Catometopa seem to me some- times needlessly numerous, but his primary sections and his arrangement of the leading eroups of the Oxystomata are followed in the present Report. Professor Dana’s system, offering as it does facilities for the classification and 11¢ was, however, followed by Dr. F. Krauss in his work entitled Die siid-afrikanischen Crustaceen, Stuttgart, 4to, 1843. : 2 Annulosa of South Africa in Smith’s Hlustr. of Zoology of South Africa, p. 54, 1849. 3 Crust. in U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii. (i.) pp. 69-75, 1852. 4 Archives du Museum, vol. x. pp. 309-421, 1861; Nouvelles Archives du Museum, vol. i. pp. 177-308, 1865. 5 Journ. Linn. Sec. Lond. (Zool.), vol. xiv. pp. 634-673, pls. xii., xiii., 1879. v1 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S8. CHALLENGER. determination of large collections beyond that of any other writer since the author of the Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, has been adopted by many later writers on the Crustacea, e.g., by Dr. Heller, in 1865, in his Report on the Crustacea of the ‘‘ Novara” Expedition,’ and by Professor Targioni-Tozzetti in 1877, in the volume dealing with the Crustacea of the Italian steam corvette “ Magenta,’’ and by myself,? and by Mr. W. A. Haswell,* and other carcinologists. This full and exhaustive report must be regarded, after the Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés, as the work by which the study of the Crus- tacea, at least the systematic study of the recent Crustacea, has been most advanced.’ Professor A. Milne Edwards in 1860, in the introductory article prefixed to his Histoire des Crustacés Podophthalmaires Fossiles,’ separated the Decapoda into two primary sections, the Brachyura and Macrura, in the first of which, the Brachyura, he included not only the groups included by M. H. Milne Edwards under that designation, but also the various Anomurous groups referred by the elder Milne Edwards to his family Anomoures Apterures. The remainder of the Anomura are referred-by A. Milne Edwards in this important memoir to the Macrura. The family Anomures Apterures of H. Milne Edwards becomes, therefore, in the classification of A. Milne Edwards, the section des Brachyures anormaux (tom. cit., p. 181). In similar manner, the section “ Brachyures proprement dits or Brachyures normauex,” which includes the groups constituting the Brachyura of H. Milne Edwards and of the present Report, is subdivided into two principal groups; in the first of which, Brachyures macrocephales, are ‘included the Oxyrhyncha, Cyclometopa, Catometopa, and the greater part of the Oxystomata. The second section, Brachyures microcephales, characterised by the very small facial region, rudimentary eyes and epistoma, and the form of the branchial chambers (which are closed at the bases of the legs, and open externally only at the antero- lateral angles of the buccal cavity), is restricted to the single abnormal family Leucosiide. The Brachyures macrocephales are further subdivided into two parallel series -— (a) Eustomés, including the Cyclometopa, Catometopa, and Oxyrhyncha. (b) Oligorhynques, including the Oxystomata, except the Leucosiide, and the Corystidee. This classification has been adopted by M. Brocchi, in 1875,’ and also by M. F. Mocquard in 1883,° but has not been generally used, so far as I know, by systematists ; ' Reise der Csterreichischen Fregatte “Novara,” Zoologischer Theil, Crustaceen, 1867. * Crostacei Brachiuri and Anomuri in Zoologia del Viaggio intorno al globo della R. piro-corvetta, “ Magenta,” 8vo, Firenze, 1877. 3 Gatalione of the stalk and sessile- aped. Crustacea of New Zealand, 8vo, London, 1876. * Catalogue of the Australian stalk and sessile-eyed Crustacea, 8vo, Sydney, 1882. ° For some later remarks on the classification of the Crustacea and of the relationship existing between the Brachyura and Anomura see a memoir by Professor Dana, in the Amer. Journ. Sci, and Arts for 1856, p. 14. 6 Ann. d. Sct. Nat., ser. 4 (Zool.), vol. xiv. p. 175, 1860. 7 Recherches sur 15 organes génitaux males des Crustacés Decapodes, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 6 (Zool.), vol. ii. Art. 2, 1875. § Recherches anatomiques sur l’estomac des Crustacés Podophthalmaires, op. cit., vol. xvi. Art. 1, 1883. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. Vil it, in several ways, however, brings into greater prominence true natural affinities existing between the different groups; as, ¢.g., in the approximation of the Oxyrhyncha to the Oxystomata, and perhaps in the definite separation of the Leucosiide from the latter group, nor can it be denied that the Dromiide, at least, are so nearly related to the Brachyura that they may with almost equal justice be arranged with them or with the Anomura, Perhaps, therefore, this classification will upon further study be adopted by systematists in preference to the older one, which is followed in the present Report. The classification proposed in 1861 by Dr. Strahl,’ who, basing his system upon the modifications of the structure and the position of the exterior antenne and especially of the basal joint, proposed four entirely new subdivisions of the Brachyura designated (1) Orbata, (2) Liberata, (8) Incuneata, and (4) Perfusa, needs no extended remark. The artificiality of his arrangement, and the inconvenience resulting from the dismemberment of the long-established groups, was exposed shortly after by the late Dr. W. Stimpson,’ the well-known American carcinologist, and it is to be regretted that the minor subdivisions of the Brachyura indicated by this author in his Preliminary Synopsis of the Crustacea collected by the U.S. Exploring Expedition to the North Pacific’? were never fully recharacterised, and the classification never worked out in detail. This latter remark applies also to his memoir on the Crustacea dredged in the Florida Straits,* where such definitions as are given are brief and incomplete. Several of the families and subfamilies indicated, but not always properly defined, by Stimpson, are adopted in the present Report. Dr. Camil Heller in 1863? limited the Brachyura in the sense indicated by M. H. Milne Edwards and Dana, and retains the four great subdivisions, Oxyrhyncha, Cyclometopa, Catometopa, and Oxystomata. Dana’s family Eriphiide is not sustained ; and the Corystoid genera Atelecyclus, Thia, and Corystes are classed with the Oxystomata as in H. Milne Edwards’ system. Professor C. Claus in his Zoologie® divides the Brachyura into five tribes :— (1) Notopoda (including not only the Dorippide, but also the groups Porcellanide, Lithodide, and Dromiide, which have been generally included in the Anomura) ; (2) the Oxystomata, including besides the groups referred to this tribe by Dana, the Anomurous family Raninidee; (3) the Oxyrhyncha (Majacea); (4) the Cyclometopa (Arcuata) or Cancroidea; and (5) the Catometopa. ‘The three last groups are limited as by Professor Dana; the Corystide and the Thelphuside are included in the Cyclometopa. 1 Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss, Berlin, pp. 713, 1004, 1862. 2 Amer. Journ. Sct. and Arts, vol. xxxv. p. 139, 1863; Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. xi. p. 233, 1863. 3 Prodromus descriptionis Animalium evertebratorum, &¢., Proc. Acad. Nat. Set. Philad., 1857, p. 216; 1858, pp. 31, 93, 159. 4 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. ii. p. 109, 1870. 5 Die Crustaceen des siidlichen Europa, Wien, 1863, 8vo. 6 Grundztige der Zoologie, 4ter Auflage, Bd. i. p. 632, 1880. Vill THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. The remainder of the Anomura (Hippide, Paguride, Galatheide) are included by Dr. Claus in the Macrura.* Dr. E. Nauck, in 1880,’ who based his classification on the solid stomachal plates of the Brachyura, proposed to divide this group into the following sections :— I. Heterodonta (to include the Gelasimide, &c., and Pinnotheride). II. Cyclodonta ; subdivided as follows :— A. Ceelostylidea, including the Catometopa of Milne Edwards (except the Gelasimide and Pinnotheridze), and the Oxyrhyncha, Milne Edwards. B. Platystylidea, including the Oxystomata, Milne Edwards; and Cyclo- metopa, Milne Edwards. Trapezia, in which the structure of these parts is very peculiar, is separated from the remainder of the Cyclometopa and establishes a connecting link with the Heterodonta. This classification is not very natural or convenient, and is not followed by M. F. Mocquard in his elaborate memoir referred to above. By J. E. V. Boas, 1880,’ the Dromiide are included with the Brachyura, and the group is divided into (a), Brachyura genuina (=Brachyegnatha, de Haan, except the Dromiacea and the Oxygnatha) and (b), Dromiacea. This author regards the group Oxystomata as of doubtful value. In the classification adopted in the following pages, a synoptical view of which is eiven below, the arrangement followed is generally that of Professor Dana, so far as the leading subdivisions are concerned. In subdividing the Oxyrhyncha, I have adopted the arrangement indicated by myself in a memoir submitted to the Linnean Society in 1879.* As regards the Cancroid Cyclometopa, I have followed Professor A. Milne Edwards in his monograph, unfortunately never completed, of the Canceride,’ in not sustaining Dana’s family Eriphide, but have not ventured to propose any detailed classification of the genera which are not very numerously represented in the Challenger collection. The Trapezinee, which are placed in a separate section, should probably rank as a distinct family intermediate between the Cyclometopa and Catometopa. As regards the swimming crabs (Portunidee), I follow A. Milne Edwards* in uniting 1 This classification has been followed by J. V. Carus in his recently published Prodromus Faunze Mediterranec (Arthropoda), Stuttgart, 1885. 2 Das Kaugerist der Brachyuren, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., Bd. xxxiv. pp. 17, 24, 64, 1880. ° Studier over Dekapodernes Slaegtskabsforhold, Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Skriv. (6te R.), Bd. i, ii, pp. 141, 159, 200, 202, 1880. * On the classification of the Maioid Crustacea or Oxyrhyncha, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.), vol. xiv. pp. 634— 673, pl. xii.—xiii., 1879. ® Etudes Zoologiques sur les Cancériens, Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., i. pp. 177-308, pls. xi—xix., 1865. ° Etudes Zoologiques sur les Crustacés recents de la famille des Portuniens, Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., x. pp. 309-428, pls. xxviii-xxxviil., 1861. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 1x Dana’s families Portunidee and Platyonychide, and the new arrangement of the genera, in which I have reduced the number of the subfamilies, is a modification of that indicated by the eminent French carcinologist. In the Catometopa, or Grapsoid Crabs, the increase in the number of the genera in the family Ocypodide necessitated a revision of their classification, and I have accordingly proposed a new arrangement, differing alike from that of Dana and of H. Milne Edwards in 1852-54." Here, also, I have somewhat reduced and recharacterised the subfamilies, regarding as sectional divisions several which have been proposed, and thereby, it is hoped, simplifying the arrangement. Dana’s family, Mycteride, is not sustained. In the Pinnotheride, I have constituted a new subfamily, Hexapodine, for those curious forms in which the fifth ambulatory legs are rudimentary or aborted. The arrangement of the Ocypodoidea now proposed agrees much more nearly with Dana’s than with that of Professor Milne Edwards, by whom the genera Mycteris, Scopumera and Dotilla (Doto) are separated from the Pinnotheride. In uniting these three genera as a distinct subfamily, Mycterine, of the Pinnotheride, I have, I trust, violated no natural affinities, but rather relegated them to their true position in the system. In the Oxystomata, a somewhat heterogeneous group, which it will perhaps be found hereafter impossible to sustain in its entirety,’ the arrangement followed is, as already stated, that of Dana. In rearranging the genera of the Leucosiide, however, I have thought it advisable to establish two new subfamilies, pending a more thorough revision of the subject than time and opportunity allowed to be made in the present Report. 1 Of. Milne Edwards’ Memoire sur la famille des Ocypodiens, Ann. d. Sct. Nat., Zool., ser. 3, vol. xviii. pp. 128-164, pls. iii., iv., 1852 ; vol. xx. pp. 163-224, pls. vi.—xi., 1853. 2 The diagnosis of this group, which was wanting in the MSS. when sent to Edinburgh, is supplied in the appendix to the Report. (ZOOL. CHALL. EXP.—PART XLIX.—1886,) Cee b THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. BRACHYURA. OXYRHYNCHA or MAIOIDEA. Oxyrhynchi, Latreille (pt. ). Oxyrhinques et Cancériens Orytopodes, Milne ee Maioidea vel Oxyrhyncha, Dana. Legion I. MAIINEA, Dana. Family I. Inacuipa, Miers. Subfamily 1. Leproropunz, Miers. Challenger Genera— _ Leptopodia, Leach. Metoporaphis, Stimpson. Stenorhynchus, Lamarck (pt.). Subfamily 2. Inacuina. Ewrypodidx, Stimpson. Challenger Genera— Platymaia, n. gen. Cyrtomaia, n. gen. Apocremnus, A. Milne Edwards. Achzopsis, Stimpson. Inachus, Fabricius (pt.). Oncinopus, de Haan. - Eurypodius, Guérin-Ménéville. Subfamily 3. AcanTHoNYCHINA. Acanthonychidz, Stimpson. Challenger Genera— Huenia, de Haan. Menzxthius, Milne Edwards. Oxypleurodon, n. gen. Family II. Marrpa, Miers. Subfamily 1. Marna. Maiens cryptophthalmes, Milne Edwards (pt. ). Challenger Genera— Egeria, Leach (Leptopus, Lamarck, pt.). Chorilibinia, Lockington. _ Hyas, Leach. Herbstia, Milne Edwards (=Rhodia, Bell; Micropisa, Stimpson) with subgenus Herb- stiella, Stimpson. Chlorinoides, Haswell. -Acanthonyx, Latreille. - Hyastenus, ee Chorilia, Dana; ; Lahaina, Achexus, Leach. Podochela, Stimpson, with Conan Kings- ley (= Podonema, Stimpson) subgenus (?). Gonatorhynchus, Hise Anamathia, Smith (= Amathia, Roux). Lispognathus, A. Milne Edwards (= De chus, Norman). Ergasticus, A. Milne Edwards. Echinoplax, n. gen. Macrocheira, de Haan. Dehaanius, MacLeay. Pugettia, Dana. Pisa, Leach (?= Arctopsis, Parte Dana). Nawxia, Milne Awards (= Naxioides, A. Milne Edwards ; Podopisa, TTR. Scyra, pens Notolopas, Stimpson. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. xl Subfamily 2. Scuizopurysinz, Miers. Challenger Genus— Schizophrys, White (= Dione, de Haan, nom. prexocc.). Subfamily 3. Micrppina, Miers. Challenger Genera— Pseudomicippa, Heller (?= Microhalimus, ~ Micippa, Leach. Haswell). Family III]. Periceripa#, Miers. Maiens cryptophthalmes, Milne Edwards (pt.). Subfamily 1. Pericerina. Pericering, Stimpson. Challenger Genera— Libinia, Leach. , Macroceloma, Miers. Pericera, Latreille. Microphrys, Milne Edwards (= Milnia, Stimp- Picrocerotdes, n. gen. son; Perinea, Dana; Fisheria, Lockington). Subfamily 2. Mrruracin #. Mithracine, Stimpson. Challenger Genus— Mithrax, Latreille, with subgenera Vemausa, A. Milne Edwards, and Mithraz, Latreille (= Mithrax and Mithraculus, Miers, and Teleophrys, Stimpson). Legion II. PARTHENOPINEA, Dana. Family IV. PARTHENOPIDA. Parthenopiens et Cancériens cryptophthalmes, Milne Edwards. Subfamily 1. ParTrHenopina, Miers. Challenger Genera— Lambrus, Leach, with the subgenera Lambrus Cryptopodia, Milne Edwards. (=Platylambrus, Stimpson, pt.; Rhino- | Heterocrypta, Stimpson. lambrus, A. Milne Edwards, pt.); Azlaco- ‘ lambrus, A. M. Edwards; and Partheno- lambrus, A. Milne Edwards (= Partheno- potdes, Miers). THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S CHALLENGER. “¥ . . ae - Subfamily 2. EumEponin2, Miers. Challenger Genus— é‘ ‘ : Ceratocarcinus, Adams and White. _ a CYCLOMETOPA or CANCROIDEA. Cyclométopes, Milne Edwards (pt. ). Cancroidea, Dana (pt. ). . , Cyclometopa, Miers, Cat. New Z Slant Crust, 4 _ Legion I. CANCRINEA, Dana. Family L CaNnonips/ ue: ie aat Cancride et Eriphide, Dana. Cancériens, Milne Edwards and A. Milne Edwards. zn Section J. Cancrinee. Cancériens arqués, Milne Kdwards. Cancériens quadrilatéres, Milne Edwards (pt.). ‘7 Challenger Genera— nak Cancer, Lamarck. Carpilius, Desmarest. Atergatis, de Haan. Lophactea, A. Milne Edwards. Lophozozymus, A. Milne Edwards. Medeus, Dana. Actzxa, de Haan. Atergatopsis, A. Milne Edwards. Xantho, Leach. Xanthodes, Dana. Panopeus, Milne Edwards. Micropanope, Stimpson. i Etisus, Milne Edwards (pt.). DENRA Carpilodes, Dana. 7 oe Zozymus, Leach, Actxodes, Dana. a. Leptodius, A. Milne Dt eaniet th Phymodius, A. Milne Edwards. - Lurytium, Stimpson. Pseudozius, Dana (subgenus Hwryozius, nov.). - Spherozius, Stimpson. . Pilumnus, Leach. Evriphia, Latreille. Section II. Trapeziinee. Trapézxides, A. Milne Edwards. Challenger Genus— Trapezia, Latreille. r REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. xiii Family Il. Portunips& Portunidex et Platyonychidxe, Dana. Portuniens, Milne Edwards and A. Milne Edwards. Section I. Portunine. Portuniens normaux, A. Milne Edwards. Challenger Genera— Neptunus, de Haan (subgenera Amphitrite, de Thalamonyxz, A. Milne Edwards. Haan; Achelouws, de Haan; Hellenus, A. Thalamita, Latreille. Milne Edwards), | Lupocyclus, Adams and White (subgenus Para- Xiphonectes, A. Milne Edwards. thranites, nov.). Scylla, de Haan. Cronius, Stimpson. Goniosoma, A. Milne Edwards. Platyonychus, Latreille (pt.). Portunus, Fabricius. Inssocarcinus, Adams and White. Section II. Podophthalminz. Portuniens anormaua, A. Milne Edwards. Challenger Genus— Podophthalmus, Lamarck. Legion II. CYCLINEA, Dana. Challenger Genus— Acanthocyclus, Milne Edwards and Lucas. Legion III. CORYSTOIDEA. Corystoidea, Dana. Corystiens, Milne Edwards. Challenger Genera— Hypopeltarium, nov. (= Peltarion, Jacquinot Gomeza, Gray. and Lucas). Legion IV. THELPHUSINEA. Thelphusiens, Milne Edwards. Challenger Genus— Thelphusa, Latreille (subgenera Potamonautes, MacLeay; Geothelphusa, Stimpson). XIV THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CATOMETOPA or OCYPODIIDEA. © Catométopes, Milne Edwards (pt.). Wh ee Aaa. aS ag Grapsoidea, Dana. Ms : ohne i A ae Lea Ocypodiens, M. Edwards, 1852-53. “ aE ee Catometopa, Miers, Cat. New Zealand Crust., p. 32. ae , et Geocarcinus, Leach. Geryon, Kroyer. Pilumnoplax, Stimpson. Bathyplax, A. Milne Edwards. Ocypoda, Fabricius. Gelasimus, Latreille. Gonoplax, Leach. Ommatocarcinus, White. Nautilograpsus, Milne Edwards. Grapsus, Lamarck. Leptograpsus, Milne Edwards. Metopograpsus, Milne Edwards. Pachygrapsus, Randall. Geograpsus, Stimpson. Pseudograpsus, Milne Edwards. CHALLENGER. ¥ Mica act “ht Mn: OR: Family lL GEOCAROINIDA peru Pi Gécarciniens, Milne Edwards. wa ; : ¥ tae Gecarcinide, Dana. ; ‘Challenger Genera— | Cardiosoma, Latreille. Family Il. OcyPoDID4. Ocypodiens, Milne Edwards. _ Macrophthalmidz (pt.), Dana. ‘ Subfamily 1. CARcINOPLACINE. Challenger Genera— | 7 Aes Intocheira, Kinahan. : wy Ceratoplax, Stimpson. ‘ Rarexiee: |: Notonyx, A. Milne Edwards. Subfamily 2. Ocypopixa. | ) aves 4 . Challenger Genera— Macrophthalmus, Latreille. Hemiplax, Heller. Euplax, Milne Edwards (subgenus Cheno-- stoma, Stimpson). Family III. GRaPpsipgZ. Grapsoidiens, Milne Edwards. Grapsidx, Dana. Subfamily 1. Grapsina. _ Challenger Genera— Platygrapsus, Stimpson. Brachynotus, de Haan. Varuna, Milne Edwards. ie Epigrapsus, Heller. st ea Goniopsis, de Haan. Felice, de Haan. Sesarma, Say. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. Subfamily 2. Piracusiin az. Challenger Genus— Plagusia, Latreille. Family IV. PINNOTHERID2. Pinnothériens, Milne Edwards. Subfamily 1. PinnoTHERiInaZ. Challenger Genus— Pinnotheres, Latreille. Subfamily 2. Mycrerinz. Challenger Genus— Mycteris, Latreille. Subfamily 3. HymMEnosomin#&. Hymenosomine, Milne Edwards. Hymenicine, Dana. Challenger Genera— Hymenosoma, Desmarest. Halicarcinus, White ( = Liriopea, Nicolet). OXYSTOMATA or LEUCOSIIDEA. Orbiculata, Latreille (pt.). Oxystomes, Milne Edwards (pt.). Leucosoidea vel Oxystomata, Dana. Family I. CaLapPPipa. Calappiens (pt.), Milne Edwards. Calappide, Dana. Subfamily Cauappinaz, Dana. Challenger Genera— Calappa, Fabricius (= Lophos, Gallus, de Mursia, Desmarest (= Thealia, Lucas). Haan, subgenera). Cryptosoma, Brullé (= Cyclées, de Haan). Paracyclois, n. gen. Family Il. Maturtipa, Dana. Subfamily Marutina. Challenger Genus— Matuta, Fabricius. Family IIL. a | ~~ Lewcosiens, Milne Edwards, Leucosiide, Dana. “Subfamily 1, Icrpr iy ene ae Iling, Stimpson, i, a Ebaliine, Stimpson. — “a Challenger Genera— ‘ ; Myrodes, Bell. Persephona, Leach ris Guia, Milne Pawan). ah Arcania, Leach (= Iphis, Leach). '. Myra, Leach, — ~ nee hae Iva, Leach. | Randallia, Stimpson. . i Dare rt Iliacantha, Stimpson. Lithadia, Bell. Kbalia, Leach (= Pee Kinahan ; Phiywia, | ’ Merocryptus, A. Milne naaacaet 7 Leach). . Philyra, Leach. migst Subfamily 2. Levcosiya. ; : Challenger Genus— fey | ; me Leucosia, Fabricius. | Family IV. DoRipripa. a : he oe Dorippiens, Milne Edwards (pt.). 1a Dorippide, Dana. a We. Challenger Genera— | wun Dorippe, Fabricius | Cymopolia, Roux. Ethusa, Roux (with Ethusina, Smith, cna! . oe | : uy L 4 ‘ \ GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. STATION LIST, SHOWING THE LOCALITIES AT WHICH BRACHYURA WERE COLLECTED DURING THE EXPEDITION, WITH THE NAMES OF THE SPECIES OBTAINED AT EACH. As in my former Memoirs, four principal regions under which the higher Crustacea (or at least the littoral and shallow-water forms) may be distributed are distinguished. They are (1) the Arctic or Boreal Circumpolar Region (not represented by any species in the collection of H.M.S. Challenger) ; (2) the Atlantic Region ; (3) the Oriental or Indo- Pacific Region ; and (4) the Antarctic or Austral Circumpolar Region. In the present Report I have found it convenient to include in the latter region the species obtained south of 40° 8. lat.; those obtained at the Cape of Good Hope and on the Agulhas Bank are included in the Atlantic Region, to which their affinities show they decidedly belong. The only Brachyurous Crab distributed throughout the Antarctic Region is Halicarcinus planatus, Fabricius. Of these regions, Nos. 1, 3 and 4 were established by Dana.* The Atlantic Region includes not only the European Kingdom of Dana, but also in parts the Occidental Kingdom of that author, since it will embrace the Crustacean fauna of the West Indian Seas and of the eastern shores of the American Continent. Should this designation be generally adopted, it may be found convenient to restrict Dana's Occidental Region to the west coast of America and Islands adjacent, for the Crustacean fauna of these coasts must be regarded as upon the whole distinct from that of the Indo- Pacific Region, although the researches of naturalists are always adding to the number of species common to that Region and the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Regions. ATLANTIC REGION. Tenerife, 78 fathoms. Pisa (Arctopsis) tribulus (Linné). Neptunus (Amphitrite) hastatus (Linné). This species was perhaps obtained at the next-mentioned locality. 1 See the Appendix to his Report on the Crustacea of the U.S. Exploring Expedition, p. 1554, 1853. (ZOOL, CHALL, EXP.—PART XLIx.—1886.) Cec ¢ THE VOYAGE OF H.M.8. CHALLENGER. Off Gomera, Canary Islands, 75 fathoms. Xanthodes melanodactylus, A. Milne Edwards. Madeira. Leptopodia sagittaria (Fabricius). Azores, near Fayal, 50 to 90 fathoms. Inachus leptochirus, Leach. Pisa (Arctopsis) tribulus (Linné). Lambrus (Parthenolambrus) mas- sena, Roux. Lambrus (Parthenolambrus) ex- pansus, Miers. Heterocrypta maltzani, Miers. Xanthodes melanodactylus, A. Milne Edwards. Pilumnus sprmfer, Milne Edwards. Portunus corrugatus (Pennant). Calappa granulata (Linné). Station 73.—Azores, 1000 fathoms; June 30, 1873; lat. 38° 30’ 0” N., long. 31° 14’ 0” W.; bottom, Pteropod ooze ; bottom temperature, 39°°4. Dredged. Ethusa nucrophthalma, Smith. Station 75.—Azores, off Fayal, 450 fathoms; July 2, 1873; lat. 38° 38’ 0” N., long, 28° 28’ 30” W.; bottom, volcanic mud. Dredged. Heterocrypta maltzani, Miers. St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands. Leptopodia sagittarva (Fabricius). Acanthonyx lunulatus (Risso). Herbstia rubra, A. Milne Edwards. Herbstia violacea (A. Milne Edwards). Herbstia ovata, Stimpson. Lambrus (Parthenolambrus) mas- sena, Roux. Lambrus (Parthenolambrus) mas- sena, Roux, var. atlanticus, Miers. Xanthodes melanodactylus, A. Milne Edwards. Leptodius punctatus, Miers. Pilumnus africanus, A. Milne Edwards. Portunus corrugatus (Pennant). — Ocypoda cursor (Linné) Grapsus maculatus (Catesby). Pachygrapsus transversus, Gibbes. Plagusia depressa, Fabricius. Calappa gallus (Herbst). Cryptosoma cristatum, Brulle. Cymopolia caronu, Roux. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA: xix Cape Verde Islands, Porto Praya, St. Iago. Cardiosoma armatum, Herklots. — | Ocypoda cursor (Linné). Ascension Island. Pseudozus bouvierr, A. Milne Geocarcinus lagostoma, Milne Edwards, var. mellissa, Miers. Edwards. Grapsus maculatus (Catesby). West North Atlantic (Gulf weed). Neptunus sayt, A. Milne Edwards. Station 33.—Bermudas, 435 fathoms; April 4, 1873; lat. 32° 21’ 30” N., long. 64° 35’ 55” W.; bottom, coral mud. Dredged. Geryon incertus, Nn. sp. Station 48.—South of Nova Scotia, 51 fathoms; May 8, 1873; lat. 43° 4’ 0” N., long. 64° 5’ 0” W.; bottom, rock. Dredged. Hyas aranea (Linné). | Hyas coarctata, Leach. Station 49.—South of Nova Scotia, 85 fathoms ; May 20, 1873; lat. 43° 3’ 0” N., long. 63° 39’ 0” W.; bottom, gravel, stones; bottom temperature, 35°°0. Dredged. Hyas coarctata, Leach. | Neptunus sayi, A. Milne Edwards. Bermuda, shallow water and shore. Podochela rivset (Stimpson). Macroceloma trispinosa (Latreille). Microphrys bicornutus (Latreille). Mithrax (Nemausa) rostrata, A. Milne Edwards. Mithrax forceps, A. Milne Edwards. Lophactzxa lobata (Milne Edwards). Panopeus herbstu, var. serratus (de Saussure). Eriphia gonagra (Fabricius). Neptunus (Achelous) depressi- Jrons (Stimpson). Geocarcinus lagostoma, Milne Edwards. : Cardiosoma guanhum, Latreille. Ocypoda arenaria (Catesby). Grapsus maculatus (Catesby), Pachygrapsus transversus, Gibbes. Calappa flammea (Herbst). Calappa gallus (Herbst). xX THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Bermuda, Hungry Bay (swamps). Eurytium limosum (Say). Bahia, shallow water (7 to 20 fathoms). Leptopodia sagittaria (Fabricius). Metoporaphis forficulatus, A. Milne Edwards. Notolopas brasiliensis, n. sp. Picroceroides tubularis, n. gen. and sp. Macroceloma trispinosa (Latreille). Macroceloma septemspinosa (Stimp- son). Macroceloma concava, n. sp. Mithrax cornutus, de Saussure. Mithrax forceps, A. Milne Edwards. Lambrus guérinii, F. de B. Capello. Lambrus serratus, Milne Edwards. Goniopsis cruentatus (Latreille). Heterocrypta granulata (Gibbes). Actxa rufopunctata, Milne Edwards, var. nodosa, Stimpson. Micropanope spinipes, A. Milne Edwards. Pilumnus brasiliensis, n. sp. Pilumnus floridanus, Stimpson. Pilumnus fragosus, ~»A. Milne Edwards. Cronius bispinosus, n. sp. Ocypoda arenaria (Catesby). Sesarma miilleri, A. Milne Edwards. Persephona punctata (Browne). Inthadia cariosa, Stimpson, var. Ihacantha intermedia, n. sp. STATIONS 122-122c.—Off Barra Grande, 30 to 400 fathoms; lat. 9° 5’ 0” to 9° 10’ 0” S., long. 34° 49’ 0” to 34° 53° 0” W.; bottom,-red mud. Trawled. Leptopodia sagittaria (Fabricius). Metoporaphis forficulatus, A, Milne Edwards. Podochela riiser (Stimpson). Herbstia (Herbstiella) depressa, Stimpson. Mithrax hispidus (Herbst), var. pleuracanthus, Stimpson. Pilumnus floridanus, Stimpson. Neptunus (Hellenus) spinicarpus, Stimpson. Buthyplax typhlus, var. oculiferus, nov. Fernando Noronha Island, shallow water (7 to 20 fathoms). Apocremnus septemspinosus, A. Milne Edwards. Picroceroides tubularis, n. gen. and sp. Macrocaloma concava, 0. sp. Mithrax coronatus (Herbst). Mithrax sp. Mithrax (Mithraculus) sculptus (Lamarck). Mithrax forceps, A. Milne Edwards. Grapsus maculatus (Catesby). Calappa gallus (Herbst). REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. XX St. Paul’s Rocks, 10 to 80 fathoms (and shore 2). Stenorhynchus (?) spinifer, n. sp. | Grapsus maculatus (Catesby). Tristan da Cunha Group, Nightingale Island, 100 fathoms. Pilumnoplax heterochir, Studer. Cape of Good Hope, Simon’s Bay, shallow water (5 to 18 fathoms). Stenorhynchus falcifer, Stimpson. Pericera cornuta, Milne Edwards. Achzxopsis spinulosus, Stimpson. Plagusia chabrus (Linné). Dehaanius dentatus (Milne Ed- HHymenosoma orbiculare (Desmarest). wards). Calappa flammea (Herbst). Mursia cristimana (Desmarest). South Africa, Wellington and Cape Town (rivers). Thelphusa (Potamonautes) perlata, Milne Edwards. Sea Point. Mursia cristimana (Desmarest). Station 142.—Aculhas Bank, 150 fathoms; December 18, 1873; lat. 35° 4’ 0” S., long. 18° 37’ 0” E.; bottom, green sand ; bottom temperature, 47°°0. Inspognathus thomson (Norman). Pilumnoplax heterochir, Studer. Dredged. Intocherra kingsleyi, n. sp. Mursia cristuemana (Desmarest). Ebalia tuberculosa (A. Milne Edwards) (yg. ?). INDO-PACIFIC OR ORIENTAL REGION. Sration 161.—Port Philip, 33 fathoms; April 1, 1874; lat. 38° 22’ 30” S., long. 144° 36’ 30” E.; bottom, sand. Trawled. Achzus tenuicollis, n. sp. Portunus corrugatus (Pennant). Pilumnus tomentosus, Latreille. Halicarcinus ovatus, Stimpson. Ebalia (Phlyxia) intermedia, n. sp. XXil THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Station 162.—Bass Strait, East Moncceur Island, 38 fathoms; April 2, 1874; lat. 39° 10’ 80” S., long. 146° 37’ 0” E.; bottom, sand and shells. Dredged. Acheus tenwicollis, n. sp. Portunus corrugatus (Pennant). Chlorinoides coppingert, Haswell. Ebalia tuberculosa (A. Milne Micippa spinosa, var. affinas, Edwards). Miers. Ebalia (Phlyxia) crassypes, Bell. Actzxa peronu (Milne Edwards). Merocryptus lambriformis, A. Pilumnus tomentosus, Latreille. Milne Edwards. South Australian Coast, shallow water (2 to 10 fathoms), April 1874. Oncinopus aranea, de Haan. Inssocarcinus polybioides, Adams Gonatorhynchus tumidus, Haswell. _ and White. Micippa spinosa, Stimpson. Halicarcinus ovatus, Stimpson. Actza peronw (Milne Edwards). Calappa depressa, n. sp. Pilumnus rufopunctatus, Stimpson. Leucosia australiensis, n. sp. Neptunus (Neptunus) sanguino- Philyra platycheira, de Haan. lentus (Herbst). Ebalia (Phlyxia) crassipes, Bell. Thalamuta suma, Milne Edwards. Ebalia (Phlyxia) wundeciomspinosa Platyonychus bipustulatus, Milne (Kinahan), var. orbicularis, Haswell. Edwards. . Ebalia (Phlyxia) dentifrons, n. sp. Sration 1634.—-Off Twofold Bay, 150 fathoms; April 4, 1874; lat. 36° 59’ 0” S., long. 150° 20’ 0” E.; bottom, green mud. Dredged. Medzus haswelli, n. sp. Merocryptus lambriformis, A. Ebalia tuberculosa (A. Milne Milne Edwards. Edwards. New South Wales, Botany Bay (beach). Mycteris platycheles, Milne Edwards. New South Wales, Hawkesbury (brackish water). Sesarma schiitter (Hess). Station 164B.—Off Sydney, 410 fathoms; June 13, 1874; lat. 34° 13’ 0” §., long. | 151° 38’ 0” E.; bottom, green mud. Trawled. LInspognathus thomsont (Norman). REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. XXili Sydney. Pinnotheres villosulus, Guérin-Ménéville. Port Jackson, shore, 3 to 15 fathoms. Micippa spinosa, Stimpson. Pilumnus vestitus, Haswell. Pachygrapsus transversus, Gibbes. Helice crassa, Dana. Matuta levidactyla, Miers. ' Leucosia australiensis, n. sp. Port Jackson, 30 to 35 fathoms. Calappa lophos (Herbst). Hbalia tuberculosa (A. Milne. Edwards). Ebalia (Phlyxia) crassupes, Bell. Ebalia (Phlyxia) undecimspinosa (Kinahan), var. orbicularis, Haswell. Ebalia (Phlyxia) quadridentata (Gray), var. spunifera, nov. Ebahia (Phlyxia) crassipes, Bell. Station 167.—New Zealand, 150 fathoms; June 24, 1874; lat. 39° 32’ 0” S., long. 171° 48’ 0” E.; bottom, blue mud. Hbalia levis, Bell. Ebalia tuberculosa (A. Milne Edwards). Station 1674.—New Zealand, Queen Charlotte Sound, near Long Island, 10 fathoms ; June 27, 1874; lat. 41° 4’ 0” S&., long. 174° 19’ 0” W.; bottom, mud. Dredged... Hemiplax hirtipes (Heller). Ommatocarcinus macgullvrayr, White. STATION 172. Ebalia levis (Bell). Tongatabu, off Nukalofa, 18 fathoms; July 22, 1874; lat. 20° 58’ 0”S., long. 175° 9’ 0” W.; bottom, coral mud. Dredged. Menzxthius monoceros, Latreille, var. angusta, Dana. Lambrus (Parthenolambrus) calap- poides, Adams and White. Trapexa cymodoce (Herbst). Pilumnus longicorns, Hilgendorf, var. Xiphonectes longispinosus, Dana. Thalamonyx danx, var. gracilupes, nov. Thalamita sima, Milne Edwards, var. granulata, nov. Thalanata sexlobata, n. sp. Thalamita stumpson, A. Milne Edwards. XXIV THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. SraTIon 172A.—Tongatabu, off Nukalofa, 240 fathoms; July 22, 1874; Jat. 20° 56’0”S., long. 175° 11’ 0” W.; bottom, coral mud. Dredged. Randallhia granulata, n. sp. Tongatabu, reefs. Etisus levimanus, Randall. Thalamita prymna (Herbst). Thalamita admete (Herbst). Calappa hepatica (Linné). Fiji Islands, Matuku. Gelasiemus annulipes, Milne Edwards. Fiji Islands, Kandavu (reefs). Zozymus xneus (Linné). Gelasimus vocans, Linné. Trapezia guttata, Riippell, var. Gelasimus annulipes, Milne Trapezia areolata, var. inermis, Edwards. A. Milne Edwards. Ocypoda ceratophthalma (Pallas). Cardiosoma carnifex (Herbst). Metopograpsus messor (Forskal). Euplax (Chenostoma) boscu, Geograpsus grayt (Milne Edwards). Audouin. Pseudograpsus albus, Stimpson. Helice latreilles, Milne Edwards. Fiji Islands, Levuka (reefs). Thalamita admete (Herbst). Sratron 173.—Fiji Islands, off Matuku, 315 fathoms; July 24, 1874; lat/1 9°93 57 Gre long. 179° 41’ 50” E.; bottom, coral mud. Dredged. Pilumnoplax abyssicola, n. sp. | Mursia curtisprna, n. sp. Randallia granulata, n. sp. © SraTIon 1734.—Fiji Islands, 310 fathoms; July 24, 1874; lat. 19° .9' 327.8,, long. 179° * 41! 55” E.; bottom, coral mud. Dredged. Ethusa orientalis, n. sp. North Australia, Raine Island. SraTion 187. long.141° 55’ 0” E.; bottom, coral mud. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. New Hebrides, Api. Epigrapsus politus, Heller. | | Torres Strait (some 3 to 11 fathoms). Chorilibima gracilipes (Miers). Schizophrys aspera (Milne Edwards). Lambrus affinis, A. Milne Edwards. Lambrus hoplonotus, var. granu- losus, Miers. Actxa granulata (Audouin). Pilumnus pulcher, Miers. Pilumnus semanudus, Miers. XXV Sesarma (Holometopus) aubryi, A. Milne Edwards. Neptunus (Amplitrite) rugosus, A. Milne Edwards. Macrophthalmus podophthalmus, Hydoux and Souleyet. Ceratoplax ciliata, Stimpson. Pinnotheres villosulus, Guérin Ménéville. Myra affins, Bell. Ocypoda ceratophthalma (Pallas). Huenia proteus, de Haan. Menzxthius monoceros, Latreille, var. angusta (Dana). Pseudonucippa varvans, Miers. Lambrus (Aulacolambrus) hop- lonotus, Adams and White. Actxa hirsutissuma, Riippell. Lambrus intermedius, Miers. | Torres Strait, 6 fathoms; September 9, 1874; lat. Dredged. - Matuta inermis, Miers. Sration 186.—Off Cape York, 8 fathoms; September 8, 1874; lat. 10° 30’ 0” S., long. 142° 18’ 0” E.; bottom, coral mud. Dredged. Actxa hystrix, 1. sp. Pilumnus pulcher, Miers. Pulumnus labyrinthicus, Miers. Neptunus (Achelous) unispinosus (Miers). Thalanuta siuma, Milne Edwards. Thalamita intermedia, n. sp. TORS 6, 00" Se Myra australis, Haswell. Albany Island. Thalamuta crenata, Riippell. (ZOOL. CHALL. EXP.—PART XLIX.—1886.) Mycteris longicarpus (Latreille). Cee d XXVI1 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Station 188.—South of New Guinea, 28 fathoms; September 10, 1874; lat. 9° 59’ 0” S., long. 189° 42’ 0” E.; bottom, green mud. Dredged and trawled. Egeria arachnoides (Rumph). Chorilibinia gracilipes (Miers). FHyastenus planasius (Adams and White). Hyastenus (Chorilia) oryx, A. Milne Edwards. Lambrus longimanus (Linné). Lambrus hoplonotus, var. longvo- culis, Miers. Cryptopodia forncata (Fabricius). Atergatopsis granulatus, A. Milne Edwards. Neptunus (Amphitrite) hastatoides, (Fabricius). Arafura Sea. STATION 190. STATION 191. long. 134° 4’ 30” E.; bottom, green mud; bottom temperature, 39°°5. Oncinopus aranea, de Haan. Neptunus (Amphitrite) gladiator, (Fabricius). Neptunus (Achelous) whitei, A. Milne Edwards. Ceratoplax arcuata, Miers. Notonyx nitidus, A. Milne Edwards. Leucosia haswelli, n. sp. Leucosia ocellata, Bell. Leucosia whiter, Bell. Leucosia cranolaris (Linné). Myra fugax (Fabricius). Ebalia lambriformis, Bell. Myrodes eudactylus, Bell. Huenia proteus, de Haan. Macrophthalmus podophthalmus, Kydoux and Souleyet (yg. *). Arafura Sea, 49 fathoms; September’ 12, 1874; lat. 8° 56’ 0” S., long. 136° 5’ 0” E.; bottom, green mud. Trawled. Egeria arachnoides (Rumph.). Hyastenus diacanthus (de Haan). Goniosoma ornatum, A. Milne Edwards. Leucosia cramolaris (Linné). Myra fugax (Fabricius). Banda Sea, 800 fathoms; September 23, 1874; lat. 5° 41’ 0” G,, Trawled. Ethusa (Ethusina) gracilipes, var. robusta, nov. Station 192.—Ki Islands, 140 fathoms; September 26, 1874; lat. 5° 49’ 15” §,, long. 132° 14’ 15” E.; bottom, blue mud. Trawled. Cyrtomaia murrayt, n. gen. and sp. Oxypleurodon stumpsoni, n. gen. and sp. Pugettia velutina, n. sp. Hyastenus elegans, n. sp. Pilumnus normant, n. sp. LIupocyclus (Parathranites) orien- talis, n. subgen. and sp. Platyonychus videscens, n. sp. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. XXVII Moluccas, Amboina, 100 fathoms. Nawxa hystrix, n. sp. Lambrus longimanus (Linné). Amboina, 10 to 25 fathoms. Lambrus turriger, White. Calappa hepatica (Linné). Gonoplax sinuatifrons, n. sp. Calappa gallus (Herbst). StaTION 195.—Banda Sea, 1425 fathoms;/ October 8, 1874; lat. 4° 21’ 0” S., long. 129° 7’ 0” E.; bottom, blue mud; bottom temperature, 38°. Trawled. Ethusa (Ethusina) gracilipes, var. robusta, nov. Banda (fresh water). Varuna litterata (Fabricius). Station 196.—Moluccas Passage, 825 fathoms; October 13, 1874; lat. 0° 48’ 30”S,, long. 126° 58’ 30” E.; bottom, hard ground ; bottom temperature, 36°°9. Trawled. Oncinopus aranea, de Haan. Ternate. | Atergatis floridus (Linné). Thalamita prymna (Herbst). Neptunus (Neptunus) sanguino- Matuta wictrix (Fabricius), var. lentus (Herbst). crebrépunctata, Miers. Banda (fresh water). Varuna litterata (Fabricius). Arrou (Arée) Islands. Ceratocarcinus longimanus, Adams Ocypoda ceratophthalma (Pallas) and White. (yg.). Neptunus (Amphitrite) tubercu- Grapsus strigosus (Herbst). losus, A. Milne Edwards. Sesarma (Holometopus) aubryi, Gelasimus vocans (Linné). A. Milne Edwards. Gelasimus tetragonon (Herbst). Hong Kong, 7 to 10 fathoms. Neptunus (Amphitrite) hasta- Leucosia craniolaris (Linné). toides (Fabricius). Arcana septemspinosa (Fabricius). Gomosoma cruciferwm (Fabricius). Dorippe facchino (Herbst). XXVill THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Sration 203.—Philippine Islands, near Masbate, 20 fathoms; October 31, 1874; lat. 11° 6’ 0” N., long. 123° 9’ 0” E.; bottom, mud. Trawled. Neptunus (Neptunus) pelagicus (Linné). Manila, 1 fathom. Ixa cylindrus (Fabricius), var. megaspis, Adams and White. Sration 207.—Philippine Islands, 700 fathoms; January 16, 1875; lat. 12° 21’ 0” N., long. 122° 15’ 0” E.; bottom, blue mud; bottom temperature, 51°°6. Trawled. — Ethusa (Ethusina) gracilipes, n. sp. Station 208.——Philippine Islands, 18 fathoms; January 17, 1875; lat. 11° 37’ 0” N., long. 123° 31’ 0” E.; bottom, blue mud. Trawled. Hyastenus diacanthus (de Haan). Hyastenus oryx, A. Milne Edwards. | Pilumnus dehaani, Miers. Samboangan, 10 to 20 fathoms, and beach. Nama hirta, A. Milne Edwards. Lambrus contrarius (Herbst). Xantho bidentatus, A. Milne Edwards. Carpulodes bellus (Dana). Actxodes tomentosus _ (Milne Edwards). Leptodius exaratus, var. san- guineus (Milne Edwards). Phymodius monticulosus (Dana). Pilumnus scabriusculus, Adams and White. Trapeza cymodoce (Herbst). Trapexa rufopunctata (Herbst). Philippine Islands, Zebu (reefs). Neptunus (Amphitrite) rugosus, A. Milne Edwards. | Neptunus (Amphitrite) spinapes, n. sp. _ Neptunus (Achelous) granulatus (Milne Edwards). Thalamita prymna (Herbst). Thalamita stimpsonui, A. Milne Edwards. Gelasimus rubripes, Jacquinot and Lucas. Gelasimus annulipes, Milne Kd- wards. Ocypoda ceratophthalma (Pallas), (yg. *) Felice latreille:, Milne Edwards. Matuta victrix (Fabricius). Matuta banksit, Leach. Atergatis floridus (Linné). REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. XXix Philippine Islands, Mindanao, Pasananca (rivers). Thelphusa sinuatifrons, Milne Ed- wards. Varuna litterata, Fabricius. Station 210.—Philippine Islands, 375 fathoms; January 25, 1875; lat. 9° 26’ 0” N., long. 123° 45’ 0” E.; bottom, blue mud; bottom temperatnre, 54°°1. Trawled and dredged. Anamathia pulchra, n. sp. | Oxypleurodon stinypsoni, n. gen. Echinoplax moseley2, n. gen. and sp. and sp. StaTIon 212.—Celebes Sea, 10 fathoms; January 30, 1875; lat. 6° 54’ 0” N., long. 122° 18’ 0” E.; bottom, sand. Trawled and dredged. Ligeriva arachnoides (Rumph). | Inssocarcinus levis, n. sp. Neptunus (Amphitrite) rugosus, Leucosia haswelli, n. sp. A. Milne Edwards. Myra darnleyensis, Haswell. Neptunus (Amphitrite) giadiator Cymopolia jukesu, White. (Fabricius), var. argentatus, Gomeza bicornis, Gray (10 to 20 White. | fathoms). ‘Sration 214.—Tulur Islands, 500 fathoms; February 10, 1875; lat. 4° 33’ 0” N., long. 127° 6’ 0” E.; bottom, blue mud; bottom temperature, 41°°8. Dredged. Cyrtomaia suhmi, n. sp. Off North Coast of New Guinea (drift wood). Varuna litterata (Fabricius). | Plagusia immaculata, Lamarck. Admiralty Islands, Nares Harbour. Cardiosoma carnifex (Herbst). Sration 219.—North of the Admiralty Islands, 150 fathoms; March 10, 1875; lat. 1° 54’ 0”S., long. 146° 39’ 40” E.; bottom, coral mud. Trawled. Platymaia wyville-thomsoni, n. gen. Lupocyclus (Parathranites) orien- and sp. talis, n. subgen. and sp. Ergasticus naresit, n. sp. Paracyclois milne-edwardst, n. gen. and sp. XXX THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Admiralty Islands, 16 to 25 fathoms. Neptunus (Achelous) granulatus (Milne Edwards). Admiralty Islands, Wild Island (beach). Sesarma (Holometopus) aubryi, A. Milne Edwards. StaTion 232.—Japan, off Inosima, 345 fathoms; May 12, 1875; lat. 35° 11’ 0” N., Jong. 139° 28’ 0” E.; bottom, green mud; bottom temperature, 41°:1. Trawled and dredged. Macrocheira kéimpferi, de Haan. Japan, off Yokoska, 10 fathoms. Pugettva incisaw (de Haan). Pilumnoplax vestita (de Haan), var. sexdentata, Haswell. Japan, Kobé (some 8 to 10 fathoms). Thelphusa (Geothelphusa) dehaanii, | Macrophthalmus serratus, Adams White. and White. Arcana septemspinosa (Fabricius). STATION 233a.—Japan, near Kobé, 50 fathoms; May 19, 1875; lat. 34° 38’ 0” N., long. 135° 1’ 0” E.; bottom, sand. Dredged. Achzus japonicus, de Haan. Neptunus (Amphitrite) hastatoides, Scyra compressipes, Stimpson. (Fabricius). Lophowzymus (Lophoxanthus) Goniosoma variegatum (Fabricius) bellus, Stimpson, var. Jleuco- var. bumaculatum, nov. manus, Lockington. Platygrapsus depressus, de Haan. Spherozius nitidus, Stimpson. Leucosia cranolaris (Linné). Pilumnus minutus, var. hirsutus, Dorippe japonica, v. Siebold (8 to 50 Stimpson. fathoms). Pilumnus globosus, Dana. Japan, Oosima (pools). Brachynotus (Heterograpsus) penicillatus (de Haan). REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. XXX STATION 233B.—Japan, 15 fathoms; May 26, 1875; lat. 34° 18’ 0” N., long. 133° 35’ 0” E.; bottom, blue mud. Trawled. Neptunus (Amplhutrite) hastato‘des, Pilumnoplax vestita (de Haan), var. (Fabricius. ) seadentata, Haswell. Arcama septemspinosa, (Fabricius). Japan, near Lake Biva. Thelphusa (Geothelphusa) dehaann, White. Japan, Hakouni (2500 feet). Thelphusa (Geothelphusa) dehaani, White. STaTIon 237.—Japan, near Yokohama, 1875 fathoms; June 17, 1875; lat. 34° 37’ 0” N., long. 140° 32’ 0” E.; bottom, blue mud; bottom temperature, 35°°3. Trawled. Ethusa (Ethusina) challengeri, n. sp. Sandwich Islands, Hawaii. Neptunus (Neptunus) sanguinolentus (Herbst). Sandwich Islands, Hilo (beach). Metopograpsus messor (Forskal). Sandwich Islands, Honolulu (reefs), some 16, 18 to 20 fathoms. Carpilius maculatus (Linné). Neptunus (Neptunus) sanguinolentus Lophactza granulosa (Riippell). (Herbst). Actxa nodulosa, White. Thalamita integra, Dana. Etisus levimanus, Randall. Podophthalmus vigil (Fabricius). Trapexa rufopunctata, var. gut- Calappa hepatica (Linné). tata, Riippell. Society Islands, Tahiti, Papiete. Scylla serrata (Forskal). Gelasimus tetragonon (Herbst). Cardiosoma carnifex (Herbst). Metopograpsus messor (Forskal). XEKK A THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Chili, Valparaiso (shore). Cancer longipes, Bell. Leptograpsus variegatus (Fabricius). Acanthocyclus gayi, Milne Edwards and Lucas. Messier Channel (fresh water). | Acanthocyclus gayi, Milne Edwards and Lucas. ANTARCTIC OR AUSTRAL CIRCUMPOLAR REGION. Station 304.—Chiloe, off Cape Tres Montes, 45 fathoms; December 31, 1875; lat. 46° 53’ 15” S., long. 75° 12’ 0” W.; bottom, green sand. Dredged. Eurypodius latreillec, Guérin- Lnbima gracilipes, n. sp. Ménéville. Hypopeltarvum spinulosum, White. Station 308.—Chiloe, 175 fathoms; January 5, 1876; lat. 50° 8’ 30” S., long. 74° 41’ 0” W.; bottom, blue mud. Trawled. Eurypodius longirostris, n. sp. STATION 311.—Coast of Chiloe, 245 fathoms; January 11, 1876; lat. 52° 45’ 30” &., long. 73° 46’ 0” W.; bottom, blue mud; bottom temperature, 46°. Trawled. Lnbima smuthir, n. sp. Magellan Strait, Port William. Eurypodius latreidler, Guérin-Ménéville. Station 312.—Magellan Strait, Port Famine, 9 fathoms; January 13, 1876; lat. 58° 37’ 30” &., long. 70° 56’ 0” W.; bottom, blue mud. * Dredged. Eurypodius latreiller, Guérin-Ménéville. Stations 313, 314.—Magellan Strait, 55 and 70 fathoms; January 20, 21, 1876; lat. 52 20 LD misao Sle 8 oO aero long. 67°39’ 0” “We to 65080 Os bottom, sand. Trawled. Eurypodius latreiler, Guérin-Ménéville. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. XXXlil Stations 315, 316.—Falkland Islands, 12 and 4 fathoms; January 26 and February S718 76- dat 51° 400788. to 5132) 0. S lonenb7 950° 07 W.\to 58° 6/.0" W.; bottom, sand, gravel (Station 315), and mud (Station 316). Dredged. Eurypodius latreille:, Guérin- Hypopeltarium spinulosum, White. Ménéville. Halicarcinus planatus (Fabricius). Port Stanley. Hypopeltarvum spinulosum, White. Port William. Halicarcinus planatus (Fabricius). Near Marion Island, 50 to 75 fathoms. Halicarcinus planatus (Fabricius). Off Prince Edward Island, 85 to 150 fathoms. Halcarcinus planatus (Fabricius). Off Kerguelen Island (rock pools). Halicarcinus planatus (Fabricius). New Zealand, South Island, Cape Campbell. Halicarcinus planatus (Fabricius). (ZOOL. CHALL, EXP.—PART XLIX.—1886. ) Cee e XXXVIil Varuna litterata (Fabricius). Epigrapsus politus, Heller. Gonopsis cruentatus, Latreille. Felice latreille:, Milne Edwards, var. Helice crassa, Dana. Sesarma miilleru, A. Milne Edwards. Sesarma schiittei, Hess. Sesarma (Holometopus) Milne Edwards. Plagusia depressa (Fabricius). Plagusia immaculata, Lamarck. Plagusia chabrus (Linné). Pinnotheres villosulus, Guérin-Ménéville. aubryi, Heller, Crust. des siidlichen Europa, p. 86, 1863. . . Miers, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 33, 1879. t 5 carcinoides, Kinahan, Dubl. N. H. Rev. Proc. of Soc., vol. iv. p. 66, pl. ix. fig. 3, 1857. strigilis, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 38, 1858. ¥ by A. Milne Edwards, tom cit., p. 402, 1861. » subcorrugatus, A. Milne Edwards, Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., tom. cit., p. 402, pl. xxxvi. fig. 2, 1861, var. Off Fayal, Azores, 50 to 90 fathoms (Station 757), a small female ; ‘Cape Verde Islands, St. Vincent, July 1873 (an immature female); Australia, Victoria, Port Philip, 33 fathoms, Station 161 (an adult male and three small specimens); Bass Strait, off East Moncceur Island, 38 fathoms, Station 162 (an adult male and three small specimens), April 1874. The largest Australian male measures as follows :— Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, . : ; ; . : : 63 13°5 Breadth of carapace, nearly . ; ; ‘ : ; 8 165 REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 201 Portunus corrugatus is now for the first time, I believe, recorded from the southern hemisphere ; its occurrence in the Japanese Seas was noted by de Haan so long ago as 1835, and again by Dr. Stimpson in 1858 (as Portunus strigilis), and by myself in 1876. The form designated by A. Milne Edwards Portunus subcorrugatus, from the Red Sea, is probably, as I have already noted, a variety of Portunus corrugatus. Platyonychus, Latreille. Platyonychus, Latreille (pt.), Nouv. Dict. d. Hist. Nat., vol. xxvii. p. 4, 1818. Y Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i. p. 435, 1834. 2 A. Milne Edwards (pt.), Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. x. p. 410, 1861. Anisopus, de Haan (subgen.), Crust. in v. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, p. 12, 1833. Carapace depressed and transverse; the dorsal surface without tubercles or trans- verse ridges ; the front is rather narrow, and armed with three or four lobes or teeth; the antero-lateral margins arcuated, and armed with five teeth or spines, including the lobe at the exterior orbital angle and the lateral epibranchial tooth, which is no longer than the preceding tooth; the orbits are rather widely open above, and have one or two fissures in the superior, and one in the inferior margin. The ridges of the endostome are obsolete. The post-abdomen is usually distinctly seven-jointed, but in Platyonychus ocellatus it is five-jointed, with the third to the fifth segments consolidated. The eyes are of moderate length. The basal joint of the antenne is short and not dilated, and occupies, but does not wholly fill, the interior hiatus of the orbit, and is not united at its distal extremity with the front. The exterior maxillipedes are rather large; their ischium joimt is not produced at the antero-internal angle; the merus is obliquely truncated at the distal extremity, with the antero-external angle rounded and not at all produced. The chelipedes (in the adult males) are subequal and not greatly elongated, with the palms externally more or less distinctly longitudinally costated ; the fingers elongated, and armed on the interior margins with large, triangular lobes, alternating with smaller teeth. The ambulatory legs are of moderate length, with the dactyli styliform and compressed ; the fifth or natatory legs have, as usual, the penultimate and terminal joints compressed and dilated; the terminal joint not lanceolate as in Portumnus, but broadly ovate and rounded at the distal extremity. I have elsewhere’ proposed to restrict this genus to the forms with broader carapace and more broadly dilated and ovate dactyli of the fifth or natatory legs, and to separate, under Leach’s designation Portwmnus, the other species included by A. Milne Edwards in Platyonychus. Thus restricted, the genus Platyonychus will include the tollowing species, the first two of which are, I believe, confined to shallow water :-— ? Crust. in Zool. H.M.SS. “Erebus” and “Terror,” p. 2, 1874. (ZOOL, CHALL, EXP,—PART XLIx.—1886.) Cee 26 202 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Platyonychus ocellatus (Herbst). East Coast of United States; Gulf of Mexico, New Zealand (Dr. J. Hector). Platyonychus bipustulatus, Milne Edwards (=Anisopus punctatus, de Haan ; Portunus catharus, White; Platyonychus purpureus, Dana). Indo- Malaysian, and Australian Seas; New Zealand; Chili; West Patagonia, Trinidad Channel. Platyonychus iridescens, n. sp. Ki Islands, 140 fathoms (Station 192). Platyonychus bipustulatus, Milne Edwards. Platyonychus bipustulatus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i. p. 437, pl. xvii. figs. 7-10, 1834. is - A. Milne Edwards, Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. x. p. 413, 1861, and references to synonyms. | Corystes (Anisopus) punctatus, de Haan, Crust. in v. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, pp. 13, 44, pl. ii. fig. 1, 1835. Off the South Australian Coast, 2 to 10 fathoms, April 1874. Three small specimens (two males and a female). Adult: 3%. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, . 94 20 Breadth of carapace to base of lateral epibranchial tooth, . : 11 23°5 Platyonychus iridescens, n. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. 2). The carapace in this fine species is shaped nearly as in Platyonychus ocellatus and Platyonychus bipustulatus; it is moderately convex, broader than long, with the antero-— lateral margins arcuated and shorter than the concave postero-lateral margins; its surface is rather coarsely granulated, except near the front, and in the posterior parts, near the posterior margin, the shallow depressions indicating the cervical suture are as distinct as in Platyonychus ocellatus. The front (as in that species) is armed with three spines (the lateral spines being those of the inner angle of the orbit), the median spine, although somewhat more prominent than the lateral spines, is not nearly so large as in Platyonychus ocellatus. The orbits have a notch in their upper: margins, and a spine at the inner subocular angle. The antero-lateral margins are armed with five rather distant spiniform teeth ; the first (or exterior orbital tooth) is rather prominent, the second and third smaller and rather more closely approximated than are the other antero-lateral teeth. The pterygostomian regions are granulated, and are marked (as in Platyonychus ocellatus) with an oblique granulated line extending to the antero-lateral angles of the buccal cavity. The segments of the post-abdomen are distinct, in the male the first and- second segments are small, the third transversely carinated; the sixth segment is longest, with 1 Trans. New Zeal. Inst., vol. ix. p. 473, pl. xxviii. fig. 1, 1877. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 203 the sides slightly arcuated, and it is strongly excavated at its distal extremity, where it receives the very small transverse terminal segment, which is distally rounded. The eyes are large and thick, and their cornez occupy a large part of the inferior surface of the peduncle. The antennules are long, with the basal joints considerably enlarged, and they terminate in two short flagella. The short oblong basal joints of the antennee occupy the whole of the space between the inner subocular spine and the basal joints of the antennules; the second and third joints are slender and short, the flagella (in the male) rather long, composed of upwards of thirty joints. The outer maxillipedes have the ischium (as in Platyonychus ocellatus) longitudinally canaliculated ; the merus is longer than broad, obliquely truncated at its distal extremity, with the antero-external angle rounded, the antero-internal angle not (as in Platyonychus ocellatus) greatly pro- duced, but terminating in a small rounded lobe as in Platyonychus bipustulatus. The chelipedes (in the adult) are robust and elongated; the merus-joint is armed with three to five spinules on the distal half of its anterior margin; the carpus is granulated above, and is armed with three spines (one on its inner surface, one on its outer, and one, distal, above the articulation with the wrist); the palm is about as long as the merus, longitudin- ally concave, and very coarsely granulated, on its upper surface more finely granulated, with two longitudinal ridges on the outer surface, and with four or five spinules on the distal half of its upper and inner margin; the fingers are longer than the palm; the dactyl has five or six strong spines on its upper margin, both fingers are incurved at the tips, and strongly dentated on their inner margins, the teeth disposed nearly as in Platyonychus bypustulatus. The second to fourth legs are compressed, nearly smooth, with the dactyl slenderer and more elongated than in Platyonychus ocellatus and Platy- onychus bypustulatus ; the fifth legs are nearly as in Platyonychus ocellatus, with the antepenultimate joint carinated above, the penultimate and terminal joints greatly compressed, the terminal joint large and ovate. Colour (in spirit) yellowish-brown ; the legs, and especially the chelipedes, are strongly and beautifully iridescent (hence the specific name). The largest male and female have the following dimensions :— Adult 9. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace and rostrum, .. ; , ; : 23 48°5 Breadth of carapace, i : i , ' . 28 59°5 Length of a chelipede, nearly : ; ‘ 43 91 Length of first ambulatory leg, : ; ; : 36 76°5 Length of fifth ambulatory leg, : , ; : ; 292 61 Adult ¢. Length of carapace and rostrum, about : f , : 18 38°5 Breadth of carapace, é : { ; ; ‘ 214 45 Length of a chelipede, about ; ; : 5 35 74 Length of first ambulatory leg, : 3 : ; 30 63°5 Length of fifth ambulatory leg, : : : ‘ 27 56°5 204 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. An adult and two immature males, and two adult females, were dredged near the Ki Islands, in 140 fathoms, lat. 5° 49’ 15” 8,, long. 182° 14’ 15” E. (Station 192). In the adult female the post-abdomen is rather narrow, broadest at the sixth joint. In the small males the carapace is more convex and uneven, the eyes very large, the marginal spines of the carapace are relatively longer, and the penultimate and terminal joints of the fifth lees are fringed with longer hairs. One of these has the following dimensions :— | Young ¢. * Lines, Millims. Length of carapace and rostrum, . ; , ; : 64 13°5 Breadth of carapace, : . : 74 15'5 Length of a chelipede, : ; f . 1 23°5 Length of fifth leg, . : : 83 18 This very remarkable Platyonychus is allied to the East American Platyonychus ocellatus in the form of the frontal spines, and to the Oriental Platyonychus bipustulatus in the structure of the merus of the outer maxillipedes, but differs from both in the strongly-granulated and spinuliferous palm and dactyl of the chelipedes, the more slender dactyli of the ambulatory legs, the iridescent reflections of the limbs, &c. Lissocarcinus, Adams and White. Lissocarcinus, Adams and White, Crust. in Zool. H.M.S. “Samarang,” p. 45, 1848. > A. Milne Edwards, Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. x. p. 417, 1861. Carapace depressed, smooth, transverse, little, if at all, broader than long, with the frontal margins and the antero-lateral margins of the carapace thin, acute, the lateral margins either subentire or divided into five lobes or teeth. The front projects some- what beyond the level of the orbits, and is either subentire or divided by a median notch into two lobes, which may be separated on each side by a slight incision from the interior angle of the orbit. The ridges of the endostome are usually developed, but indistinct. The post-abdomen of the male in Lvssocarcinus orbicularis* is five-jointed, with the third to the fifth segments coalescent. The eyes are very short. The basal antennal joint is dilated, but not transverse, occupies the interior hiatus of the orbit, and is slightly produced at its antero-external angle. The ischium of the endognath of the exterior maxillipedes is not produced at its antero-internal angle, the merus is longer than broad, obliquely truncated along the interior margin, and is not greatly produced at its antero-external angle. The chelipedes are short, subequal; merus trigonous, carpus with a spine on its interior margin, palm short, either smooth or costated externally, fingers strongly dentated on the inner margins, the dactylus some- times carinated above. Ambulatory legs very short, with the dactyli styliform ; fifth or 1 This is the only species of which I have examined males. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 205 natatory legs with the penultimate and terminal joints moderately dilated, the terminal joints either ovate or ovate lanceolate. This genus is evidently very nearly allied to Carwpa, Dana, and transitional forms may hereafter occur, which may render it desirable to unite Carwpa with Lnssocarcinus. Carupa has, however, a less prominent front, and a narrower basal antennal joint. Of the species already described, one, Lnssocarcinus boholensis, Nauck, is found at Bohol, one, Lissocarcinus polybioides, occurs in the Indo-Malaysian and Australian Seas, the other, Lissocarcinus orbicularis, Dana, throughout the Indo-Pacific region. In the collection of H.M.S. Challenger is an apparently undescribed form from the Celebes Sea (10 to 20 fathoms) which I will designate Lzssocarcinus levis. Tissocarcinus polybioides, Adams and White. Lissocarcinus polybioides, Adams and White, Crust., in Zool. H.M.S. “Samarang,” p. 46, pl. xi. fig. 5, 1848. A. Milne Edwards, Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. x. p. 417, 1861. 39 39 South Australian Coast, 2 to 10 fathoms, April 1874. An adult ova-bearing female. Adult 9. Lines. Millims, Length of carapace and front, nearly . : ‘ : , Git! 12 Breadth of carapace, ‘ : ; : ; ‘ : 6 12 Tnssocarcinus levis, n. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. 3). The carapace is broader than long, in its median portion moderately convex, and to the naked eye it appears smooth and shining, but under the microscope punctulated and minutely granulated. The front is four-lobed ; the median lobes scarcely more prominent than the lateral ones, broad and truncated, separated by a small median notch, the lateral lobes (or inner orbital angles) small and dentiform. Orbits entire. Antero-lateral margins shorter than the postero-lateral margins and armed with five teeth, whereof the first is very small and little prominent, the second, third, and fourth subequal and not acute, the fifth small and dentiform ; the postero-lateral margins are strongly concave ; the eye-peduncles are very short. The antennulary fossettes are transverse. The basal joint of the antennz is much enlarged, longer than broad ; its inner and distal angle fills the inner orbital hiatus, and is produced into a strong tooth or lobe, which projects con- siderably beyond the inner subocular lobe; the two following joints are small and subequal; the ischium of the outer maxillipedes is longitudinally canaliculated on its outer surface, the merus is narrower at its distal extremity (which is truncated) than at the base. The chelipedes (in the female) are subequal; merus without teeth or spines, but with a small tubercle on its anterior margin near the distal extremity; carpus smooth, but 206 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. with a strong spine on its inner margin; palm smooth and rounded on its outer and upper surfaces, without either teeth, spines, or carine; fingers as long as the palm, acute, and regularly toothed on their inner margins. The three following legs are smooth and very slender, with straight styliform dactyli; the posterior or swimming legs moderately robust; merus without spines, but obscurely dentated at the distal inferior angle; penul- timate joint thin and compressed, terminal joint ovate, the margins almost destitute of cilia. Colour (in spirit) yellowish-brown, carapace rather obscurely marked with irrecular purplish spots and blotches, as in Lissocarcinus orbicularis. Adult 9. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, 54 11°5 Breadth of carapace, 64 13°5 Length of a chelipede, about 74 16 Length of first ambulatory leg, . 7 15 The single specimen (an adult ova-bearing female) was dredged in the Celebes Sea, south of Mindanao, in lat. 6° 54’ 0” N., long. 122° 18’ 0” E., in 10 fathoms (Station 212). The nearest ally to this species in the genus is Lvssocarcinus polybioides, Adams and White, from which JLissocarcinus levis is distinguished not only by the less pro- minent, more distinctly truncated front, but also by the different form of the antero- lateral marginal teeth. Inssocarcinus levis in some particulars is intermediate between the genera Lissocar- conus and Thalamonyx. The Challenger species has a broader, less prominent front than the other species of Lissocarcinus, and herein resembles Thalamonyx, from which it is distinguished by the absence of distinct spines from the palms of the chelipedes and from the inferior margin of the merus-joint of the fifth (natatory) legs. | Lnssocarcinus boholensis of Semper (ined.) and Nauck, from Bohol, in the Philippines, is (although very briefly characterised), distinguishable from Lissocarcinus levis by the more rounded frontal teeth and the rougher chelipedes. Section II. Podophthalmine. Portuniens anormaux, A. Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 4, vol. xiv. p. 283, 1860; Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. x. pp. 311, 419, 1861. Carapace transverse and widest anteriorly, with the front very narrow, spatuliform and inflexed. Orbits extremely large. Hye-peduncles very greatly elongated, occupying nearly the whole width of the carapace in front. This section includes only the genera Podophthalmus, Lamarck, and Euphylax, Stimpson.* 1 According to Dr. E. Nauck (Das Kaugeriist der Brachyuren, Zettschr. f. wiss. Zool., vol. xxxiy.), the genus Hedrophthalmus, Nauck, is allied to ‘Podophthalmus, but it will not enter into the Podophthalmine as above characterised. REPORT ON THE BRACHYUBA. 207 Podophthalmus, Lamarck. Podophthalmus, Lamarck, Syst. Anim. sans Vert., vol. v. p. 152, 1801. i Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i. p. 465, 1834. = A, Milne Edwards, Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. x. p. 419, 1861. In this long known but remarkable genus the carapace is depressed and very broadly transverse, anteriorly truncated, and widest in front; the exterior angles of the orbits terminate in a strong spine, and posterior to this, upon the lateral margins (in Podoph- thalmus vigil), is another spine ; the lateral margins converge very rapidly to the posterior margin. The front or space included between the bases of the eye-peduncles is linear (as in some species of Gelasemus), but below the eyes it is transversely dilated and prolonged for a short distance beneath the bases of the eye-peduncles. The orbits are enormously developed, and extend along the whole of the anterior margin of the carapace. But very obscure traces (if any) exist of the longitudinal ridges of the endostome. The -_post-abdomen (in the male) is five-jointed, with the third to the fifth segments consoli- dated. The eye-peduncles are very slender and extremely elongated. The antennules are placed beneath the bases of the eye-peduncles, in large quadrate fossettes, into which the considerably elongated flagella cannot be retracted. The basal joint of the peduncle of the antennze is short and moderately dilated, it occupies the interior hiatus of the orbit, and reaches the lateral process of the front. The ischium of the exterior maxillipedes is not produced at its antero-internal angle; the merus-joint is obliquely truncated at the distal extremity, and its antero-external angle is somewhat produced and_ broadly rounded. The chelipedes (in the adult male) are subequal and very large; their merus and carpus-joints are armed with spines, the palms are considerably elongated and longitudinally carinated on the exterior surface; fingers nearly straight and unequally dentated, as in other genera of Portunids. The ambulatory legs present nothing abnormal; the merus-joint of the fifth natatory legs 1s somewhat compressed, and has a spine on its inferior margin near the distal extremity; the penultimate and terminal joints are dilated, as in other Portunide. ‘The single recent species of this genus (Podophthalmus vigil) is distributed throughout the whole Indo-Pacific region. Podophthalmus vigil (Fabricius). Portunus vigil, Fabricius, Entom. Syst. Suppl, p. 363, 1798. Podophthalmus vigil, Leach, Zool. Miscell., vol. ii. p. 149, pl. exviii., 1815. BF », Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i p. 467, 1834, et synonyma ; Crust. in Régne Animal de Cuvier, atlas, pl. ix. fig. 1. “3 » A. Milne Edwards, Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. x. p. 420, 1861. Honolulu, on the reefs (a fine adult male). 208 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. The principal dimensions of this specimen are as follows :— Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, : ‘ : : : 224 47 Breadth of carapace to base of antero-lateral marginal spines, ; 43 91 Legion II. CYCLINEA. Cyclinea, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii, Crust. 1, p. 294, 1852. This section was established by Dana for the single genus Acanthocyclus, which is intermediate in structure and position between the typical Cancroidea, the Plagusiine, and, as pointed out by Dr. Strahl,’ the genera Bellia and Corystoides, which in Dana’s system constitute a distinct subtribe, Bellidea, of the Crustacea Anomura. The nearest ally to Acanthocyclus is, I think, Beilia, which resembles Acanthocyclus in the more or less orbiculate carapace, in the form of the front, chelipedes, and ambulatory legs, but is distinguished by the narrower, more elongated merus of the exterior maxillipedes, by the broader post-abdomen of the male, and the less distinctly defined buccal cavity. Perhaps, nevertheless, as in Dr. Strahl’s arrangement, this genus should be placed in the same section of the Brachyura as Acanthocyclus. The Cancroid genus Cymo, and the genus Crossotonotus, which is placed by A. Milne Edwards in the Catometopa (which have a more or less orbiculate carapace) are distinguished from Acanthocyclus by the form of the front, the well-developed flagellum of the antenne, &c. Acanthocyclus, Milne Edwards and Lucas. Acanthocyclus, Milne Edwards and Lucas, Crust. in d’Orbigny, Voy. dans lAmérique Méridionale, Zool., vol. vi. p. 29, 1843. Plagusetis, Heller, VerhandL d. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, vol. xii. p. 522, 1862. In this genus the carapace is subcircular, moderately convex, with the cervical and cardiac-branchial sutures distinct, the lateral margins are arcuated, or, in adult examples of large size, the carapace is somewhat quadrate, with the angles rounded. The antero- lateral margins are dentated. The front is rather narrow, with a prominent median lobe, which projects considerably beyond the interior angles of the orbits, which -are small and without fissures. The post-abdomen (in the male) is narrow and five-jointed, with the third to the fifth segments consolidated. The epistoma is very small. No longi- tudinal ridges are developed upon the endostome. The eye-peduncles are short. The antennulary fosse are very small, and receive no more than the bases of the antennules. The basal antennal joint is short, moderately dilated, and fills the interior orbital hiatus ; 1 Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 714, fig., 1861. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 209 the flagellum is obsolete. The ischium-joint of the endognath of the exterior maxilli- pedes is much longer than the merus, and very slightly produced at its antero-internal angle, the merus is small, distally truncated, very slightly emarginated or obliquely truncated at the antero-internal angle, and the antero-external angle is not produced. The chelipedes (in the adult males at least) are unequal and well developed, or rather large, the joints are smooth, without spines; palm of moderate length, rounded above ; fingers rather shorter than the palm, with the teeth of the inner margins small or sometimes indistinctly developed ; in the larger chelipede the dactyl is arcuated, and the fingers have between them a wide intermarginal hiatus. Ambulatory legs of moderate length, with the joints smooth without spines; dactyli terminating in a strong arcuate claw. | The type species of this genus, Acanthocyclus gayi (= Acanthocyclus villosus, Strahl; Plagusetes elatus, Heller) occurs commonly on the shores of Chili and Patagonia, and in the Magellan Straits. Acanthocyclus gayi, Milne Edwards and Lucas. Acanthocyclus gayi, Milne Edwards and Lucas, Crust. in d’Orbigny, Voy. dans l’Amérique Méridionale, vol. vi. p. 30, pl. xv. fig. 1, 1843. . », Miers, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 69, 1881, and references to literature. A male and also an adult female of extraordinary size were taken at Valparaiso on the beach, and a small male in Messier Channel, Patagonia, in January 1876 (in fresh water). The dimensions of the adult female are as follows :— ; Adult 9°. Lines. Millims., Length of carapace, nearly . ‘ ; : ; ; 143 30°5 Breadth of carapace, 154 33 Length of larger chelipede when extended as far as its conformation will allow, ; , ; : : ; : 214 45'5 Legion (?) Il. CORYSTOIDEA. Corystiens, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 139, 1837. Corystoidea, Dana (subtribe), U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii., Crust., p. 297, 1852. The Corystoidea, which are placed by Milne Edwards between the Leucosiide and Dorippidee at the end of the Brachyura, in the classification proposed by Dana constitute a distinct subtribe between the Cyclometopa and Catometopa, and are regarded by Dr. Claus* as a distinct family of the Cyclometopa, and placed by him between the Portunidz and Thelphusidee. This is perhaps their most natural position, As limited ! Grundziige der Zoologie, p. 636, 1880, (ZOOL. CHALL, EXP.—PART XLIX.—1886.) Cee 27 210 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. by Dana, they constitute a somewhat heterogeneous and not very well-defined group, generally distinguished by the extension of the exterior maxillipedes over the anterior margin of the buccal cavity, and the elongated flagella of the exterior antenne, and include forms related to widely separated families, as, for instance, Trichocarcinus, Miers =(Trichocera, de Haan), which is scarcely distinguishable from the genus Cancer. The Challenger collection includes but two genera of this group ; the first, Hypopel- tariwm (= Peltarion, Auctorum), on account of its orbiculate carapace, may be regarded as establishing the transition from the Corystoidea to the Cyclinea, the other, Gomeza, in the elongated carapace and the greatly developed flagella of the antenne, is altogether a typical representative of the Corystoidea. Hypopeltarvum, n. gen. Peltarion, Jacquinot and Lucas, Crust. in Voy. au Pole Sud. Zool., vol. iii. p. 80, 1853; name preoccupied. Carapace nearly orbiculate, about as broad as long, moderately convex, with the dorsal surface uneven; the lateral margins and the margins of the orbits armed with spinules. ‘The front is narrow, about one-sixth the greatest width of the carapace, and three-spined, the median spine sometimes notched at the distal extremity. There are two slight incisions in the superior margins of the orbits, and a much deeper and wider hiatus in the inferior margin, near the exterior orbital angle. The epistoma is but slightly transverse. The anterior margin of the buccal cavity is not distinctly defined ; the ridges of the endostome are partially developed. The post-abdomen in the male is narrow and five-jointed, with the third to the fifth segments consolidated. The eye-peduncles are rather slender and of moderate length. The antennules are longitudinally plicated. The antennz occupy the interior hiatus of the orbits; their basal joints are short, but slightly enlarged, scarcely any wider than the following joint, which is longer than the basal joint and slightly compressed; the antennal flagella, as in other Corystide, are elongated, but not half as long as the carapace. The maxillipedes are normal; the ischium is not produced at its antero-internal angle, the merus is subtruncated and spinuliferous at the distal extremity, and rounded at the antero-external angle; the antero- internal angle is not emarginated. The chelipedes (in the adult male) are well developed, but not very large; merus trigonous without spines; carpus with a strong spine at its antero-internal angle; palm compressed, short, spinuliferous above; fingers robust, scarcely as long as the palm, and rather obscurely dentated on the inner margins, distally acute; the dactylus spinuliferous on the superior margin. The ambulatory legs are moderately elongated, with the joints, except the dactyli, more or less granulated or spinuliferous ; dactyli styliform, slender, and much longer than the penultimate joints. The single species of this genus (Hypopeltarium spinosulum) is common in the REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 211 Straits of Magellan, at the Falklands, and on the coasts of Chili and Patagonia, in shallow water (to 45 fathoms). It is nearly allied to Atelecyclus, which is found both on the shores of Europe and Chili, but is distinguished by its narrower, three-spined front, the spinuliferous, not dentated, antero-lateral margins of the carapace, and the shorter, more truncated merus- joints of the exterior maxillipedes. . Hypopeltarium spinosulum (White). Atelecyclus spinosulus, White, Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, vol. xii. p. 345, 1843. Peltarion spinulosum, White, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 52, 1847. Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii., Crust. 1, p. 304, pl. xviii. fig. 6, 1852. Cunningham, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. xxvii. p. 494, 1871. 4 Miers, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 68, 1881. Peltavion magellanicus, Jacquinot and Lucas, Crust. in Voy. au Pole Sud. Zool., vol. iii. p. 83, pl. vii. fig. 1, 1853. 9 rb) ” 9 Off the coast of Chiloe; 45 fathoms, Station 304 (a small male); Port Stanley, Falklands (a fine male taken in the trawl); near the same locality, 5 to 12 fathoms, Station 315 (five males and a female); Station 316, 4 to 5 fathoms (a small male). Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, and breadth, about ; ‘ : ; 224 47 Gomeza, Gray. Gomeza, Gray, Zool. Miscell., p. 39, 1831. Ciidea, de Haan (subgenus, in part), Crust. in v. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, p. 15, 1833. Carapace elongated, dorsally convex, and granulated, with the lateral margins rounded and armed with teeth or spines along their whole length ; the front is narrow, compressed, laminated; it projects over the bases of the antennules, and is emarginate or biemarginate at the distal extremity. The orbits are small, and are armed with a prominent tooth or spine at their interior angle, and with a smaller spinuliferous lobe at the interior sub- ocular angle. The epistoma is distinct and transverse. The longitudinal ridges of the endostome are developed, but do not reach the anterior margin of the buccal cavity. ‘The post-abdomen of the male is five to seven-jointed. The eyes are short and completely retractile within the orbits. The antennules are longitudinally plicated; the antenne terminate in long flagella, sometimes exceeding the body in length, their basal joints are moderately dilated and reach the margin of the front, they occupy the space between the antennulary fossettes and the orbits from which the antennal flagella are excluded. The merus-joints of the endognathi of the exterior maxillipedes are either distally 212 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. truncated or narrowed and rounded, and bear the next joint at their antero-internal angles. The chelipedes (in the adult) are of moderate length, usually somewhat unequal, with the merus trigonous; carpus armed with a strong spine on its inner margin; palm short, compressed; dactyli distally acute and dentated on the inner margins. The ambulatory legs are rather slender and of moderate length, with the joints smooth ; dactyli in all slender, styliform. One species of this genus, Gomeza bicornis, is rather common in the Indo-Malaysian, Japanese, and Australian Seas, another, Gomeza serrata, Dana, occurs on the coasts of Chiloe, Patagonia, and in the Straits of Magellan, in shallow water (to 30 fathoms). Gomeza bicornis, Gray. Gomeza bicornis, Gray, Zool. Miscell., p. 39, 1831; Crust. in Griffith, Animal Kingdom of Cuvier, vol. xiii. p. 296, pl. xxiv. fig. 1, 1833; List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 52, 1847. Corystes (CEidea) viginti-spinosa, de Haan, Crust. in v. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, p. 44, pl. ii. fig. 5, 1835. Gomeza viginti spinosa, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. x. p. 52, pl. ii. fig. 5, 1874. Celebes Sea, 10 fathoms (Station 212), lat. 6° 54’ 0” N., long. 122° 1870” HK. A small female. an Lines. Miullims. Length of carapace, about ; ‘ ; : 5 : 74 15 Breadth of carapace, . ‘ ‘ : : : : 5 10°5 Legion IV. THELPHUSINEA. Thelpheusiens, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 11. p. 7, 1837. Thelphusine, Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., Zool. xx. p. 207, 1853. Thelphusinea or Cancroidea Grapsidica, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii, Crust. 1, pp. 145, 292, 1852. This section of the Cyclometopa includes in Dana’s system those terrestrial or fluviatile crabs which are intermediate in structure between the typical Cancroidea (Cancridee) and certain Catometopa (Gecarcinide). They resemble these latter in their terrestrial habits, and approach them in many particulars of structure, e.g., in the form of the carapace, which is more or less dilated at the branchial regions, and in the usually spinu- liferous dactyli of the ambulatory legs, but as in other Cancroidea the male verges pass directly through the basal joint of the fifth ambulatory legs and not through sternal ducts, and the carpal joint of the endognath of the exterior maxillipedes is articulated with the merus at or near its antero-internal angle or at the apex, not at the antero- external angle. , This group includes the single family Thelphuside. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 213 Thelphusa, Latreille. Thelphusa, Latreille, Nouv. Dict. d. Hist. Nat., ed. 2, vol. xxxiii. p. 500, 1819. - Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 10, 1837 ; Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool. xx. p. 209, 1853. FA A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. v. p. 163, 1869, et synonyma. i Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 35, 1880. Carapace transverse, with the antero-lateral margins arcuated and usually armed with a single tooth, placed at a short distance behind the tooth or lobe at the exterior angle of the orbit, sometimes moderately convex, with a more or less distinct post-frontal crest, sometimes very convex, and the post-frontal crest obsolete. Front deflexed, of moderate width. Orbits usually without marginal fissures, and with the interior sub- ocular lobe but little developed. Epistoma narrow, transverse. Endostome not longi- tudinally ridged. Post-abdomen (in the male) usually distinctly seven-jomted. Eyes of moderate size. Antennules transversely plicated and usually almost concealed beneath the front. The basal jomt of the antennze is very short, and does not always reach the frontal margin; the short flagellum les within the anterior hiatus of the orbit. The ischium-joint of the exterior maxillipedes is not produced at its antero-internal angle ; the merus is small, usually distally truncated, with the antero-external angle rounded, the antero-internal angle (at or near which the next joint articulates with the merus) slightly emarginate. The chelipedes (in the males) are well developed and usually unequal, with the merus trigonous; carpus with a strong spine on its inner margin, palm rounded above ; fingers usually not so long as the palm, distally acute, and dentated on the inner margins. The ambulatory legs are rather long, with styliform dactyh, which are armed with spinules disposed in longitudinal series. The described species of Zhelphusa are very numerous; one, the common Thelphusa fluviatilis, occurs not only on the shores of the Mediterranean, but also in Asia Minor, Syria and Persia; the others are found in all the warmer temperate and tropical regions of the Old World, extending southward to the Cape of Good Hope, Madagascar and Australia, but not to New Zealand ; a species (Thelphusa chilensis) occurs in Chili. The genus may be divided into three sections or subgenera, characterised mainly by the form (when developed) of the postfrontal crest; the Challenger collection includes a species belonging to each of these sections, which are connected with one another by insensible gradations. I. Carapace moderately convex, but little dilated in front of the branchial regions, with the epibranchial tooth usually distinctly developed. Postfrontal crest distinct, but not continuous. Typical Thelphuse. The species are mostly Mediterranean and Asiatic. II. Carapace moderately convex, usually antero-laterally dilated, with sometimes one 214 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. or more lateral teeth developed in front of the epibranchial tooth. Postfrontal crest extending in an unbroken line from the median incision to the antero-lateral margins. Potamonautes, MacLeay. The species are mostly African.. III. Carapace dorsally very convex and dilated in front of the branchial regions, with the post-frontal crest and epibranchial tooth obsolete or nearly obsolete. Geothelphusa, Stimpson. Species mostly Indo-Malaysian, Japanese and Australian. Thelphusa nilotica, Milne Edwards, which has a continuous post-frontal crest, and the carapace armed with lateral marginal spines behind the epibranchial tooth, should perhaps be regarded as the type of a fourth section of the genus. The following are species which were inadvertently omitted from the most recent list of species of the genus (that published by Mr. Kingsley in 1880) or have been since described :— Thelphusa borneensis, v. Martens. Borneo. Thelphusa dubia, B. Capello. West Africa. Thelphusa kuhli, de Man. Java. Thelphusa limula, Hilgendorf. Senegambia. Thelphusa longipes, A. Milne Edwards. Pulo Condore, China Sea. Thelphusa madagascariensis, A. Milne Edwards. Madagascar. Thelphusa pealiana, Wood-Mason. ° Assam. Thelphusa sumatrensis, Miers. Sumatra.’ Thelphusa sinuatifrons (%), Milne Edwards, var. (Pl. XVIII. fig. 1). Thelphusa sinuatijrons, Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool. xx. p. 211, 1853 (2). 3 : A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. v. p. 177, pl. x. fig. 2, 1869 (2). - ts Miers, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. v. p. 305, 1880. Philippines, Mindanao, Pasananca (in the river). An adult male and female are referred to this species. The female agrees nearly with the description of A. Milne Edwards in the obscurely trisinuated frontal margin, and in other characters. The male presents a very curious and remarkable variation in the form of the front, which I am inclined, however, to regard merely as an individual peculiarity, since it differs in no other particulars from the other example from the same locality. The front, 1 T have quite recently proposed the names Thelphusa cumingui and Thelphusa leichardti, as alternative designations for specimens which are allied to but may be distinct from Thelphusa crassa, A. Milne Edwards, and have described a new variety, johnstont, from Kilimandjaro, Eastern Africa, of Thelphusa depressa, Krauss. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 215 instead of presenting an obscure median and two lateral sinuses is divided into two lobes by a deep, triangular median notch (see the figure). I have never observed such a varia- tion to anything like the same degree in any other species of the genus.’ These specimens have the following dimensions :— Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, nearly . : ‘ : : AG yan A Re) 27 Breadth of carapace, nearly . : : : : 164 . 34°5 Adult ¢@. Length of carapace, nearly . ‘ ’ : : : 14 29 Breadth of carapace, : : : : ; : 174 Thelphusa (Potamonautes) perlata, Milne Edwards. Thelphusa perlata, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii, p. 13, 1837; Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool. xx. p. 209, 1853. 4 _,, A, Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. Mus, Hist. Nat., vol, v. p. 179, pl. ix. fig. 3, 1869. 5 », MacLeay, Annulosain Smith, Zool. of South Africa, p. 64, 1849, Potamonautes in text. South Africa, Wellington and Cape Town (in the rivers). A good series is in the collection. The largest male has the following dimensions :— Adult ¢. Lines, Millims. Length of carapace, : : ; ‘ : , 22 46°5 Breadth of carapace, : , 304 64'5 Length of large chelipede, . : ‘ 474 1005 The postfrontal crest is distinct and continuous in the smallest specimen in the series, a male, whose carapace is not 4 lines (8°5 mm.) in length, and 5 lines (10 mm.) in width. Thelphusa (Geothelphusa) dehaanir, White. Cancer (Thelphusa) berardit, de Haan, Crust. in v. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, p. 52, pl. vi. fig. 2, 1835, . Thelphusa dehaanti, White, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 30, 1847. ‘4 », - Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci.. Nat., ser, 3, Zool. xx, p. 212, 1853. - “ A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. v. p. 174, 1869, and references to synonyma. Japan, in paddy fields near Lake Biwa, May 1875 (a male); at Hakona, at an eleva- tion of 2,500 feet above the sea-level, May 1875 (two small males); near Kobé, June 1875 (three males). 1 An obscure median excavation of the front is, however, occasionally seen, as for instance in an adult male Thelphusa africana, A. Milne Edwards, in the collection of the British (Natural History) Museum. 216 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Scarcely any indications of a postfrontal crest exist in this species, but the proto- gastric prominences are obscurely developed. Ordinarily there is no lateral epibranchial tooth, the antero-lateral margins of the carapace being simply granulated, but occasion- ally, as in the specimen collected near Lake Biwa, it is distinctly defined. This, the largest specimen, has the following dimensions :— Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, about . : : : ; : 94 20°5 Breadth of carapace, 4 : ; : : ; 12 25°5 CATOMETOPA or OCYPODIIDEA, Quadrilatera, Latreille (pt.), Fam. Nat. du Régne Anim., p. 269, 1825. _ Catométopes, Milne Edwards (pt.), Hist. Nat. Crust. vol. i. p. 264, vol. ii. p. 1, 1834-37. Ocypodide, Milne Edwards (pt.) Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool. xviii. p. 140, 1852. Grapsoidea, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii., Crust., pp. 67, 306, 1852. Catometopa, Miers, Cat. New Zeal. Crust., p. 32, 1876. Carapace broad in front, often subquadrate, sometimes subglobose, truncated or arcuated anteriorly, but not rostrated. Hpistoma short, often almost linear. Afferent branchial channel as in the Oxyrhyncha. ‘The carpal joint of the exterior maxillipedes inserted at the summit, or more usually at the antero-external angle of the merus, very rarely at its antero-internal angle. Branchie usually fewer than nine in number. The male verges are inserted either in the sternum itself or in the basal joints of the last pair of legs, thence passing through channels in the sternum beneath the post-abdomen. Family I. GEOCARCINIDA. Gécarciniens, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 16, 1834. Gecarcinacea, Milne Edwards (pt.), Ann. d. Sci. Nat., vol. xvii. p. 200, 1852. Gecarcinidx, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii., Crust. 1, p. 374, 1852. Carapace dorsally very convex, and especially dilated over and in front of the branchial regions, with the antero-lateral margins usually entire and very strongly arcuated ; the front of moderate width and strongly deflexed. Orbits and eye-peduncles of moderate size. The post-abdomen of the male usually covers at the base the whole width of the sternum, between the bases of the ambulatory legs. The carpal joint of the exterior REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 217 maxillipedes is sometimes inserted at the antero-external angle of the merus, sometimes at the apex or near its antero-internal angle, and may be completely concealed beneath the merus. The chelipedes in the adult male are very robust and usually unequally developed. The dactyli of the ambulatory legs are nearly always granulated and armed with spines disposed in longitudinal series.’ Geocarcinus, Leach. Geocarcinus, Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. xi. p. 322, 1815. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i. p. 26, 1837; Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool. xx. p. 201, 1853. +P) Carapace transverse and anteriorly convex, with the mesogastric and cervical sutures strongly defined, and the branchial regions antero-laterally convex and greatly developed; the antero-lateral margins not distinctly dentated. The front is deflexed and narrow or of moderate width, anteriorly truncated, nearly reaches the anterior margin of the buccal cavity, and almost completely covers the antennules. Orbits of moderate size, with the superior margins subentire, no distinct tooth at the exterior angle, and with a well-marked hiatus in the inferior margin, near the interior sub- ocular lobe, which is in contact with the front, and excludes the short antennee from the orbit. No distinct ridges are developed upon the endostome or palate. The post- abdomen in the male is usually distinctly seven-jointed. The eyes are set on rather short, thick pedicels. The antennz are very short and occupy the angle formed by the contact of the inner subocular lobe of the orbit with the front, their basal joint is slightly dilated and does not reach the frontal margin. The exterior maxillipedes bulge out externally, and enclose a lozenge-shaped interspace ; ischium and merus are _ broad, the ischium not produced at the antero-internal angle, merus distally rounded and prolonged so as almost entirely to conceal the following joints, it has sometimes a fissure in the antero-lateral margin ; the following joint is articulated with the merus on its inner surface. The chelipedes (in the adult male) are considerably developed and usually unequal; merus trigonous and somewhat elongated ; carpus without a spine on the interior margin; palm rounded above; fingers distally acute and dentated on the _ inner margins. The ambulatory lees are robust and somewhat elongated, with the penultimate and terminal joints, and sometimes the antepenultimate joint, compressed, and armed with spinules disposed in longitudinal series. The species included in this genus are not numerous and inhabit, for the most part, the West Indian Islands, Brazil, Central America and California. One species, Greocarcinus lagostoma, has apparently a very extensive range, 7.e., from Australasia (?) to the Cape 1In Uca they are compressed and unarmed. (ZOOL, CHALL. EXP,—PART XLIX.—1886.) Cec 28 218 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. of Good Hope and West African coast, and thence to eens Island ane Bermuda (see below). The following are species which have been described since Milne Edwards’ account af the genus in 1853 :— Geocarcinus planatus, Stimpson. California, near Cape St. Lucas. Geocarcinus depressus, Saussure.- West Indies, Hayti. This species 1s perhaps not distinct from Geocarcinus lagostom«a.* Geocareinus lagostoma (?) (Pl. XVIIL. fig. 2). 1 Geocarcinus lagostoma, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 27, 1837; Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool. xx. p. 203, 1853. Two adult females, from Ascension Island, are referred to this species. The largest specimen has the following dimensions :— Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, . : : ; : ‘ 334 ip Breadth of carapace, . : : ; ‘ : 434 92 A small male from Bermuda differs so slightly from small examples of Geocarcinus lagostoma that I do not venture to separate it as a distinct species. It is distinguished principally by the form of the merus of the outer maxillipedes, which, although notched as in Geocarcinus lagostoma, has the antero-external lobe less produced and rounded, so that the notch is more nearly terminal than in the specimens of (reocarcinus lagostoma I - have examined. ‘The spinules of the inferior margin of the penultimate joints of the ambulatory legs, which are well developed in small specimens of Geocarcinus lagostoma, are, in the specimen from Bermuda, nearly obsolete. In the coloration it nearly resembles specimens of Geocarcinus lateralis. This specimen may perhaps be referable to Geocarcinus depressus, Saussure,’ in which, however, the maxillipedes (as figured) are of rather different form. The specimen from Bermuda is of the following dimensions :— eu Lines Millims. Length of carapace, . Me: : ; : ; : 154 32°5 Breadth of carapace, : < : : : : 184 39 Geocarcinus lagostoma has been but briefly described, and never, I believe, figured. I think it useful, therefore, to figure the adult female from Ascension Island in the Challenger collection, to facilitate its identification by future authors. The adult males 1 Geocarcinus barbatus, Peppig, from Chili, is thought by Milne Edwards (tom. cit., p. 205, 1853), ie be a species of Cardiosoma ; Geocarcinus regius, Poeppig, also from Chili, is perhaps not a Geocarcinus. . 2 Vide Mém. Soc. Phys. d. Gendve, vol, xiv., pt. i. p. 489, pl. ii. fig. 14, 1858. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 219 differ little from the females in the series | have examined. They sometimes, but not invariably, have larger and more robust chelipedes.* Cardiosoma, Latreille. Cardiosoma, Latreille (Cardisoma), Encycl. Méth. Hist. Nat., vol. x. p. 685, 1825. iy Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 22, 1837; Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool. xx. p. 203, 1853. _ = S. J. Smith (Cardiosoma), Trans. Connect. Acad., vol. i. p. 142, 1870. Carapace transverse, elevated, and sometimes very convex anteriorly; with the branchial regions antero-laterally convex, and very greatly developed, as in Geocarcinus. The antero-lateral margins are sometimes armed with a small tooth placed at a short distance from that at the exterior angle of the orbit. Front deflexed, and usually broader than in Geocarcinus; it nearly reaches the anterior margin of the buccal cavity, and conceals, in part, the antennules. Orbits large and widely open, with the margins entire; the interior subocular lobe is separated by a wide hiatus from the frontal margin, and this hiatus is occupied by the antenne. Endostome without distinct longitudinal ridges. Post-abdomen (in the male) distinctly seven-jointed. Eye-peduncles of moderate size and thickness; they do not nearly fill the orbital cavities. The basal joint of the antennee is short and somewhat dilated, and does not usually quite reach the frontal margin; the flagellum is very short. The exterior maxillipedes do not meet along their inner margins, but enclose a lozenge-shaped interspace; the ischium and merus-joints of the endognathi are rather broad and truncated, the merus even rather concave at the distal extremity ; the carpaljoint is articulated with the merus at its antero-external angle. The chelipedes are usually unequal, and the larger one sometimes (Cardiosoma guanhum) enormously developed ; merus more or less trigonous ; carpus usually with a spine on its interior margin ; palm often shorter than the fingers, which, as usual, are more or less dis- tinctly dentated on the inner margins. Ambulatory legs robust, and more or less elongated ; the merus-joints with the superior margins acute, and armed with a subterminal spine; dactyli as in Geocarcinus, armed with spinules ranged in longitudinal series. The species of this genus which, like Gieocarcinus, are terrestrial or subterrestrial, are not numerous, and their discrimination is often difficult.? . One, Cardiosoma carnfex (Herbst)= %.Cardiosoma obesum, Dana, Cardiosoma 1 The types of these species were from the Australasian seas, whence also there is a good series of specimens in the British Museum collection, obtained during the voyage of H.M.SS. “Erebus” and “ Terror”; the Museum also possesses a specimen designated as from the Cape of Good Hope, and another from the West African Coast (Fraser). With these specimens the Challenger examples apparently agree in all particulars. In adult specimens of large size the branchial regions are very considerably dilated, and the granulated line which defines their antero-lateral margins is partially or even entirely obsolete. In the smallest examples this line is very distinct, but the lateral series of spinules on the dactyli of the ambulatory legs is not developed, and they are therefore armed with only four (marginal) series of spinules, 2 Several of the species here placed provisionally as synonymous with Cardiosoma carnifex, are regarded by M. de Man (Notes Leyden Mus., ii. pp. 31-36, 1879) as distinct species, but A. Milne Edwards is inclined upon the whole to doubt their specific distinctness (Nowy. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. ix. p. 264, 1873). 220 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. hirtipes, Dana, Cardiosoma urvillei, Milne Edwards, is widely Aisnabated throughout the Oriental region ; another, Cardiosoma armatum, Herklots, occurs on the West Coast of Africa and at the Cape Verde Islands; a third, Cardiosoma guanhum, Latreille= Cardiosoma diurnum, Gill (fidé Smith), and Cardiosoma quadratum, Saussure ( fide von Martens), is common at the West Indies and Florida Keys, and occurs also in Brazil and at the Cape Verde Islands (Stimpson) ; a fourth, Cardiosoma cressum, Smith (= Car- diosoma latimanus, Lockington ?), inhabits the West Coast of America and Lower California ; and a fifth, Cardiosoma (?) barbiger (Peeppig) referred to by Milne Edwards as Cardiosoma barbatus, occurs in Chili. Cardiosoma guanhumi, Latreille. Cardisoma guanhumi (Latreille), Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 24, 1837; Atlas in Regne Animal de Cuvier, a 3, pl. xx, fig. 1; Ann. d. Sci. Nab., ser, 3, Zool. xx. p. 204, 1853. Cardiosoma guanhumi, 8. J. Smith, Trans. Connect. Acad., vol. ii. p. 143, pl. v. fig. 3, 1870, where references to synonyma. Bermuda, April 1873 (two adult males). The largest example has the following dimensions :— Adult ¢. Lines. Maillims. Length of carapace, about : i ; > ; : 46 98 Breadth of carapace, ; ‘ : } 564 120 Cardiosoma armatum, Herklots. Cardisoma armatum, Herklots, Addit. Faun. Carcin. Africe occidentalis, p. 7, pl. i. figs. 4, 5, 1851. : 3 Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool. xx, p. 205, 1853. * 7 de Man, Notes Leyden Mus., ii. No. 5, p. 32, 1879. Cape Verde Islands, Porto Praya, St. Jago (an adult female). Adult ?. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, ‘ : ; ‘ : : . 32h 69 Breadth of carapace, 5 s ; . : . 404 86 This species is always distinguishable from the Oriental Cardiosoma carnifex by the more strongly spinuliferous merus and granulated palm of the chelipedes.’ Cardiosoma carnifex (Herbst). Cancer carnifex, Herbst, Naturgesch. der Krabben u. Krebse, vol. ii. p. 163, pl. xli. fig. 1 ¢, 1794. Cardisoma carnifex (Latreille), Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 23, 1837; Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool. xx. p. 204, 1853. * Ss A. Milne Rdwards, Nouv. Archiv. Mus, Hist. Nat., vol. ix. p. 264, 1873. - . de Man, Notes Leyden Mus., ii. No. 5, p. 31, 1880. Specimens were in the Challenger collection from the following localities :— Tracey Island, Nares Harbour, Admiralty Islands (three adult males and an adult 1 Cf. Hilgendorf, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 801, 1878. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 221 female) ; Kandavu, Fiji Islands (an adult female); Tahiti, September 30, 1875 (two adult males and two females); Papiete (Tahiti), September and October, 1875 (three adult males and an adult female). An adult male from Tracey Island measures as follows :— Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, about . : j : : ‘ 314 67 Breadth of carapace, about . : tr a ae ‘ , 40 85 The Challenger examples fall into two very distinct series which may thus be characterised :—In the first, to which belong the specimens from Tahiti, the carapace is moderately tumid at the branchial regions; the postfrontal and postorbital prominences of its dorsal surface are not very prominent; the exterior orbital tooth is prominent, although small, and is followed rather closely by the epibranchial tooth; the antero- lateral margins are defined by a very distinct raised line, which extends halfway along the postero-lateral margins, and the exterior suboecular angle of the carapace is about a right angle. These are apparently the form distinguished by M. de Man as the typical Cardiosoma carnifex. In the second form, to which belong the specimens from the Admiralty Islands and Kandavu, the carapace is much more swollen and arched at the branchial regions, the postfrontal and postorbital prominences are much more prominent, the exterior orbital tooth less prominent, the lateral epibranchial tooth more remote from that at the outer angle of the orbit ; the raised line defining the antero-lateral margins of the carapace is shorter, and the exterior subocular angle more acute. I may add that the merus of the exterior maxillipedes generally narrows more decidedly to its base in the typical Cardiosoma carnifex. This form may, I think, be identified with Cardiosoma hirtipes of de Man (tom. cit., p. 34), though perhaps not of Dana, but the basal antennal joint is usually somewhat excavated, and the chelipedes in the male are often unequally developed. Family Il. Ocyrpopip/. Ocypodiens, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat, Crust., vol. ii. p. 39, 1837. Macrophthalmide (pt.), Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii., Crust. 1, pp. 308, 312, 1852. Ocypodiacex, Milne Edwards (pt.), Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool, xviii. p. 140, 1852. Carapace usually moderately convex, cancroid or trapezoidal, with the antero-lateral margins straight or arcuated, but the branchial regions not greatly dilated, as in the Geocarcinide ; the front of moderate width, or very narrow. Orbits and eye-peduncles sometimes of moderate size, sometimes very greatly developed. The post-abdomen does not always cover the sternum at the base between the bases of the fifth ambulatory legs. The carpal joint of the endognath of the exterior maxillipedes is inserted at the antero- internal, or, rarely, at the antero-external angle of the merus. The chelipedes (in the 992 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. adult males) are usually of moderate size, sometimes rather slender and very considerably elongated; the dactyli of the ambulatory legs are styliform and are not armed with strong spines as in the Geocarcinide. The species are for the most part small and littoral or shallow-water forms, but occasionally occur in deep water. Subfamily 1. CarRcINOPLACINA. Carapace transverse, usually convex, and more or less cancroid in form, with the -antero-lateral margins arcuated, spinose, or dentated, rarely entire. Frontal region usually of moderate width, orbits rather small. The post-abdomen at the base usually covers the whole width of the sternum between the bases of the fifth ambulatory legs. The fifth joint of the exterior maxillipedes articulates at the antero-internal angle of the merus. Chelipedes in the adult male usually subequal, and sometimes considerably elongated. Ambulatory legs moderately elongated, slender, with the dactyli styliform, sometimes compressed. The genus Pseudorhombila must be taken as the type of this family, since in it the characters are most evident, and it is the only genus included in the Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés; moreover the designation has priority over Carcinoplax, which is the name proposed by Milne Edwards in 1852, for the species of Curtonotus, de Haan, Curtonotus having been previously used in the Coleoptera. The genera have been divided into the following sections, which are apparently con- nected by insensible gradations :— Lay ol eG ie ee, Huryplacine, Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. ii, p. 150, 1870. Eucratopsine, Stimpson, tom. cit., vol. ii. p. 151, 1870. In this section the antero-lateral margins of the carapace are dentated or spinose, and the post-abdomen in the male does not entirely cover the sternum at the base. In the typical genera, which are.nearly related to the Cancroidea through Panopeus and Galene, the last seoment of the sternum is exposed at the anterior corners only; these genera are, Euryplax, Stimpson, Panoplax, Stimpson, Hucratopsis, 8. J. Smith, and perhaps Glypto- plax, Smith (this genus is placed by Milne Edwards in the Cancroidea near Panopeus). In other genera, e.g., Speocarcinus, Stimpson, Hucratoplax, A. Milne Edwards, and Prionoplaz, Milne Edwards (if this genus truly belongs here), the post-abdomen of the male is much narrower at the base, and a large part of the posterior segment of the sternum is exposed. : . The genera of this section, except perhaps the typical species of Prionoplaa, are all American, and are not represented in the Challenger collection. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. os 2. Carcinoplacine. Carcinoplacine, Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool. xviii. p. 164, 1852. In this section the antero-lateral margins of the carapace are usually dentated or spinose, and the post-abdomen completely conceals the sternum at the base (except rarely in Pilumnoplac). The genera referred to the section Carcinoplacinze are :—Carcinoplax, Milne Edwards (= Curtonotus, de Haan); Pseudorhombila, Milne Edwards; Geryon, Kréyer (= Chalepus, Gerstaecker); Hucrate, de Haan; Lntocheira, Kinahan (= Brachygrapsus, Kingsley); Pilumnoplax, Stimpson; Heteroplax, Stimpson; Bathyplax, A. Milne Edwards; F’revillea, A. Milne Edwards; and Camptoplax, Miers; also perhaps Catoptrus, A. Milne Edwards, and Lubystes, A. Milne Edwards, where the form of the post-abdomen in the male is not known, and Camptandrium, Stimpson, which is regarded by Dr. Sans as the type of a distinct family (Camptandriide). 3. Rhizopine. Rhizopine, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 95, 1858. In this section the antero-lateral margins of’ the carapace are entire or subentire, and the post-abdomen in the male very rarely covers the whole width of the sternum at the base. The genera included in it are Scalopidia, Stimpson (= Hypophthalmus, Richters) ; Rhizopa, Stimpson; Typhlocarcinus, Stimpson; Ceratoplax, Stimpson; Notonyzx, A. Milne Edwards ; Xenophthalmodes, Richters ; and perhaps Cryptoceloma, Miers. The species are all of small size and are almost exclusively Oriental or Indo-Pacific forms. Carcinoplacine. Carcinoplacine, Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool. xviii. p. 164, 1852. Geryon, Kroyer. Geryon, Kroyer, Nat. Hist. Tidskr., ser. 1, vol. i. p. 20, 1837. ’ Chalepus, Gerstecker, Archiv f. Naturgesch., vol. xxii. p. 118, 1856. Carapace cancroid in form, moderately convex, slightly broader than long; the antero-lateral margins shorter than the postero-lateral margins, and armed normally with three spines, including the spine or tooth at the exterior angle of the orbit, which is sometimes less developed; the intermediate spines (the second and fourth of the normal series) are sometimes present but rudimentary. Front slightly deflexed, of moderate width, and divided into two or four lobes or teeth. Epistoma short, transverse. The ridges of the endostome or palate are faintly indicated or obsolete (in the species I 224 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. have examined). The post-abdomen in the male is distinctly seven-jointed, and covers the whole width of the sternum at the base between the bases of the fifth ambulatory legs. The eye-peduncles are short and robust. The antennules are transversely plicated. The basal antennal joint is slender, and occupies the interior hiatus of the orbit, and its: distal extremity is free, not united to the front. The merus of the exterior maxillipedes is shorter than the ischium, truncated or slightly rounded at the distal extremity, and the next joint is articulated at its antero-internal angle. The chelipedes (in the male) are subequal and moderately robust ; merus trigonous; carpus with a spine or tooth on its interior surface; palm short, rounded above and below; fingers distally acute and denticulated on the inner margins. The ambulatory legs are somewhat elongated, with the joints subeylindrical; dactyli slender, styliform, but slightly compressed and not ciliated. The genus Geryon is very nearly allied both to Pseudorhombila and Pilumnoplaz, and to the Cancroid genus Galene; it is distinguished from them by the considerable development of the lateral marginal spines of the carapace, and from Pseudorhombila, as figured by Milne Edwards, by the more slender basal antennal joint, which does not reach the front. The species, which occur at considerable depths'in the North Atlantic, may attain a large size. ‘The following have been described :— Geryon tridens, Kréyer. Damish and Scandinavian Coasts; off Valentia, Ireland (80 to 808 fathoms). Geryon quinquedens, Smith. Nova Scotia and East Coast of the United States (to 740 fathoms). | Geryon longipes, A. Milne Edwards. Mediterranean and North Spanish Coasts (to 700 metres). Geryon (2) incertus, n. sp. Off the Bermudas (435 fathoms, Station 33).’ Geryon (2) incertus, n. sp. (PI. XVI. fig. 3). This species is represented in the collection by the carapace of a single specimen (probably immature), since it is of very small size, and as the fifth ambulatory legs are deficient, I am somewhat uncertain as to its generic identification. It may belong to a genus of the Portunide, near to Bathynectes, where I originally placed it. The carapace is little broader than long; its surface is very uneven and marked with transverse granulated ridges, of which there are two on the gastric region, placed one on either side of the median line, and one (a continuous ridge) crossing the 1 On account of the form of the basal antennal joint, which is said to resemble that of Galene, de Haan, the genus Chalepus, Gersteecker, is identified with Geryon, rather than with Pseudorhombila, but the identification is somewhat uncertain; the typical species Chalepus trispinosus (Herbst), is said to occur in the East Indies. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 225 middle of the carapace and originating on each side from the base of the posterior antero-lateral marginal tooth, from behind which, also, a granulated ridge extends along the postero-lateral margins of the carapace nearly to the postero-lateral angles, which are rounded, not spiniform, and not prominent. ‘The orbit has two small incisions in its superior margin. The antero-lateral margins are shorter than the postero-lateral margins and are armed with four teeth; of which the first, second, and fourth are pro- minent and spiniform, the third is almost obsolete on one side and exists on the other merely as a small tubercle. The front is rather prominent, about one-third the width of the carapace, and divided by a small median notch into two broad and slightly sinuated lobes, which are rounded at the lateral angles. The post-abdomen (in the female) is sub- triangulate, with the segments short, the fourth to the sixth apparently partly coalescent, the last segment rounded at the distal extremity. The antennules are transversely plicated ; the basal joint very large. The basal antennal joint is slender, and longer than the two following peduncular joints, but it is free and not conjoined with the infero- lateral process of the front, as in that genus; the flagellum is somewhat elongated. The ischium of the exterior maxillipedes is longer than broad, with the inner margin convexly arcuated; the merus is almost as long as broad (and much shorter than the ischium), it is subtruncated at its distal extremity, with the antero-external angle rounded and not at all prominent, and is scarcely at all emarginate at the antero- internal angle, where the next joint is articulated with it. No limbs remain attached to this specimen, but two ambulatory legs, which occurred in the same tube, and probably belong to it, are moderately elongated and very slender, with the joints smooth; the dactylus styliform, nearly straight, elongated, slightly longer than the penultimate joint (see figs. 3b, 3c). Colour (in spirit) whitish. Young? Lines. Millims. Length and breadth of carapace, 24 5 Length of ambulatory leg, about 54 115 Off the Bermudas, in 435 fathoms, in lat. 32° 21’ 30” N., long. 64° 35’ 55” W., Station 33 (a young female). From all the described species of this genus, Geryon incertus is distinguished by the form of the front, and from the typical species of Bathynectes, Stimpson, not only by this character, but also by the structure of the basal antennal joint, which is free and _ not united with the lateral subfrontal process. — Pilumnoplax, Stimpson. Pilumnoplax, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 93, 1858. Carapace moderately transverse, and longitudinally slightly convex, or rather de- pressed ; the antero-lateral margins are very short, much shorter than the postero-lateral (ZOOL. CHALL. EXP.—PART XLIx.— 1886.) ; Cee 29 226 THE VOYAGE OF H.MS. CHALLENGER. margins, and are armed with .three or four teeth, which are rarely as spinuliform as in Pilumnus, to which this genus is somewhat nearly allied. The front is of moderate width, slightly deflexed, and distally truncated, and often has a small median notch in the anterior margin. The orbits are of moderate size, and their margins are sometimes notched, but not ‘spinuliferous. The epistoma is very narrow and transverse. The ridges of the endostome or palate are very obscurely defined. ‘The post-abdomen in the male is distinctly seven-jointed, and is broadest at the base, where it covers the whole, or nearly the whole, width of the sternum, between the bases of the fifth ambulatory legs. The eyes are set upon rather short, stout pedicels. The antennules are transversely or somewhat obliquely plicated. The basal antennal joint is short and rather slender, and usually does not reach the infero-lateral process of the front; the flagellum arises from within the interior orbital hiatus. The exterior maxillipedes are closely applied to the buccal cavity; their ischium and merus-joints are distally truncated, the merus shorter than the ischium, and bearing the next joint at its antero-internal angle, which is very slightly, if at all, emarginated. The chelipedes are either subequal or unequal in the male, and if unequal, the palms may be dissimilarly tuberculated; the merus-joint of the larger chelipede is trigonous, and prolonged little, if at all, beyond the antero-lateral margins of the carapace; the carpus ha’ a spine on its antero-internal margin ; the palm is compressed, rounded above, and tubereulated or smooth on the exterior surface; the fingers are distally acute and denticulated on the inner margins. Ambulatory legs moderately elongated, with the joints slender and unarmed; the dactyli usually styliform, but slightly compressed, and ciliated on the margins. ' The species are all of small size, and inhabit the Chinese, Japanese, and Australian Seas, in water of moderate depth. Pilumnoplax heterochir, Studer, is a deep-water species occurring in the Challenger collection, near the Cape of Good Hope, on the Agulhas Bank and at Nightingale Island (Tristan da Cunha group), in 100 to 150 fathoms; and I have described a variety (atlantica) of the Oriental Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons, Stimpson, from Senegambia (Goree Island). In the Challenger collection is another deep- water species, Pelumnoplax abyssicola, n. sp., from the Fiji Islands (315 fathoms). The following is, I believe, a complete list of the species which have been assigned to this genus, but not improbably some others which have been referred to allied genera may hereafter be included in it :— Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons, Stimpson. Hong Kong; Port Molle, North-East Australia (var. australiensis, Miers), and Goree Island, Senegambia (var. atlantica, Miers). Pilumnoplax longipes, Stimpson. Oosima, Japan. Pilumnoplax sculpta, Stimpson. Oosima, Japan. Pilumnoplax ciliata, Stimpson. Limoda, Japan. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. Boy, Pilumnoplax vestita (de Haan). Japan; North and North-East Australia (var. sexdentata, Haswell). ete Pilumnoplax heterochir (Studer). Off Cape of Good Hope and Agulhas Bank (to 150 fathoms); Nightingale Island, Tristan da Cunha (100 fathoms). Pilumnoplax abyssicola, n. sp. Fiji Islands (315 fathoms). The nearest ally to this genus is perhaps Pseudorhombila, Milne Edwards, of which I formerly regarded Pilwmnoplax a subgenus,’ but the species of Pilumnoplax may be distinguished by their much smaller size, and by the narrower basal antennal joint and compressed and ciliated dactyli of the ambulatory legs. From the species of Pilumnus, and, I think, Hucrate, de Haan, Pilumnoplasx is distinguished by the less convex carapace with shorter antero-lateral margins, and more slender, longer ambulatory legs, not to “mention other more important but generally less constant characters.’ Pilumnoplax heterochir (Studer) (Pl. XIX. fig. 1). Pilumnus heterochir, Studer, Abhandl. d. k. Akad, d. Wiss. Berlin, Abh. ii. p. 11, pl. i. fig. 3, 1882. _ Pseudorhombila (Pilumnoplax) normannt, Miers, Narr. Chall. Exp., vol. i. pt. ii. p. 587, 1880. The carapace is little broader than long, somewhat depressed, and granulated near the front and antero-lateral margins, and with short, obscurely defined, transverse ridges on the gastric region and on the front of the branchial regions. The antero-lateral margins are much shorter than the postero-lateral margins, which are straight and converge to the postero-lateral angles, and the former are divided into three teeth, of which the first is broad and obtuse, and the second and third dentiform and acute; behind these, on the postero-lateral margins, there is usually a small tuberculiform rudiment of a fourth tooth. The interorbital frontal carina is entire or slightly notched in the middle line and granulated; the frontal margin is divided into two lobes by a shallow, triangulate median notch. The orbit has two small notches in its superior margin, but none at its exterior angle or on its inferior margin. The third segment of the post-abdomen in the male is the broadest, and laterally angulated ; the sixth segment is slightly longer than the fifth, the seventh segment slightly transverse and distally rounded. ‘The eyes are of moderate size. The basal antennal joint is short and slender, and does not attain the lateral subfrontal process. The merus of the outer maxillipedes is shorter than the ischium-joint, distally truncated, with a rather prominent antero-external angle. The chelipedes (in the male) are unequal, the right usually the larger; the Crust. in Rep. Zool. Coll. H.M.S. “ Alert,” p. 241, 1884. ? As has been noted under Pilwmnus, the European species described by Maitland as Pilumnus tridentatus, may belong to Pilumnoplax or to Heteroplax, which latter genus is, according to Dr. Stimpson’s diagnosis, separated from Pilumnoplax by characters of scarcely more than subgeneric value. Besides the species mentioned by Dr. Stimpson, I have described one, Heteroplax(?) nitidus, from the Corean Seas. 228 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. merus and carpus-joints are granulated, and the carpus has usually two spiniform teeth on its inner margin; the palm (in the larger chelipede) is robust and somewhat turgid, oranulated near the base, and elsewhere smooth; the fingers dentated on the inner margins and rather shorter than the palm; in the smaller chelipede both wrist and palm are externally covered with numerous, crowded, acute granules, and the fingers are relatively longer; the ambulatory legs are slender, with the superior margins of the fourth to the sixth joints granulated; dactyli styliform, slightly hairy, and terminating in a short claw. The male verges are inserted very near the bases of the fifth legs. Colour (in spirit) yellowish-brown ; fingers black or brownish. Adult ¢. Lines. Millims, Length of carapace, about : ' : ; ; : 3 6°5 Breadth of carapace, nearly . ‘ ‘ ; ‘ : 4 8 Off Nightingale Island, Tristan da Cunha Group, October 17, 1878, in 100 fathoms (a good series of specimens); Agulhas Bank, off Cape Agulhas, South Africa (Station 142), in lat. 35° 4’ 0” 8, long. 18° 37’ 0” E., in 150 fathoms (several specimens). 7 This species is distinguished from all its congeners by the dissimilar development and tuberculation of the right and left chelipedes.’ Pilumnoplax abyssicola, n. sp. (Pl. XIX. fig. 2). The carapace is everywhere closely granulated, nearly glabrous, with a scanty pubescence near the margins. The front is about one-third the greatest width of the carapace, its anterior margin is straight, entire, without a median notch, and is not transversely sulcated; the antero-lateral margins of the carapace are shorter than the postero-lateral, and armed with three teeth behind the exterior angle of the orbit, which is not at all prominent; the first tooth is very small (on one side scarcely discernible), the second and third spiniform and acute; the postero-lateral margins are straight, and converge to the postero-lateral angles of the carapace; the orbital margins are entire; the inner subocular lobe is small and not prominent. The epistoma is very short and trans- verse ; the pterygostomian regions are finely granulated and somewhat pubescent; the post-abdomen of the male is triangulate, broad at the base, where it covers the whole of the sternal surface, its segments are distinct and short, the terminal segment subtriangulate. The eyes are borne on short, thick pedicels. The basal (or real second) joint of the peduncles of the antenne is rather slender, and does not reach the subfrontal process. The merus of the outer maxillipedes is nearly quadrate, distally truncated, and not pro- duced at the antero-external angle; the narrow straight exognath does not quite reach 1 The foregoing description was drawn up, and the figure was outlined, before I had identified the Challenger specimens with Dr. Studer’s species, and both may still be useful for the identification of this remarkable deep-water form, which in the preliminary account of the Brachyura published in the Narrative of the Challenger Expedition I had designated Pseudorhombila (Pilumnoplax) normanni. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 229 the antero-external angle of the merus-joint. The chelipedes are moderately robust, with the joints very finely granulated; the merus short, trigonous, with an obscure tooth on its upper margin, near the distal extremity; carpus with a spine on its inner margin; palm without spines or tubercles, finely granulated, rounded above the fingers, distally acute and denticulated on the inner margins. The. ambulatory legs are slender and somewhat elongated, with the joints slightly compressed, but not dilated, pubescent, and clothed on the margins with some longer hairs; the dactyli are slender, styliform, and about as long as the penultimate joints. Colour (in spirit) yellowish-white ; fingers. of the chelipedes chocolate-brown. On Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, about . : : : : : : 4 9 Breadth of carapace, about : : : : , 4s 10 Length of a chelipede, : ; : ; : : 64 13°5 Length of second ambulatory leg, . : , 9 19 Off Matuku, Fiji Islands, im 315 fathoms (Station 173), Ilaie lS est... long 179° 41’ 50” E. (a male, perhaps not fully grown). The bases of the male verges (external genital appendages) originate very near the bases of the fifth ambulatory legs. Pilumnoplax vestita, var. sexdentata (Haswell). * Cancer (Curtonotus) vestitus, de Haan, Crust. in v. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, p. 51, pk v. fig. 3 9, 1835. ¢ Carcinoplax vestitus, Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool. vol. xviii. p. 164, 1852. t Eucrate sexdentata, Haswell, Cat. Australian Crust., p. 86, 1882. Pseudorhombila vestita, var. sexdentata, Miers, Crust. in Rep. Zool. Coll. H.M.S. ‘“ Alert,” p. 240, 1884. Ta, off Yokoska, 10 fathoms (a female, not fully adult?); Japanese Seas, 15 fathoms, in lat. 34° 18’ 0” N., long. 133° 35’ 0” E., Station 2338 (a young female). The specimens referred to this species resemble de Haan’s deseription of the male in that the pubescence of the chelee covers only the upper part of the palm and the base of the dactylus ; the spines of the antero-lateral margins are more strongly defmed than in his figure of the female; the small spine of the outer surface of the wrist is obsolete, and the ambulatory legs (of the first three pairs especially) less hairy. It Bey be, therefore, that the Challenger specimens belong toa distinct but nearly-allied species." The largest specimen has the following dimensions :— Q. Lines, Millims. Length of carapace, . : ‘ ‘ . . : 43 9°5 Breadth of carapace, . : : ; F ‘ . 5S 11°5 1 Whether or not this species be identical with the very briefly-deseribed Eucrate seadentatus, Haswell, must remain uncertain. Haswell’s types were from the North-Eastern Coast of Australia (Port Denison, 20 fathoms). The Challenger specimens certainly belong to the same species as those from the Arafura Sea, referred to in my Report on the Crustacea of H.M.S. “Alert,” as Pseudorhombila vestita, var. secdentata (Haswell). 230 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S8. CHALLENGER. Bathyplax, A. Milne Edwards. Bathyplax, A. Milne Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. viii., No. 1, p. 16, 1880. In this genus the carapace is slightly transverse, longitudinally convex and finely granulated on the dorsal surface; the branchio-cardiac sutures are distinct. The antero-lateral margins are arcuated and armed with two spines (the hepatic and lateral epibranchial spines). The front is deflexed, and is more than one-third the width of the carapace ; its straight anterior margin projects over the bases of the antennules. The orbits are very small and rudimentary. The epistoma is very narrow and transverse. The longitudinal ridges of the endostome or palate are rather indistinctly defined in the specimens I have examined. The post-abdomen of the male is short, distinctly seven- . jointed, and occupies at the base the whole width of the sternum between the bases of the fifth ambulatory legs. The eye-peduncles are very short and nearly immobile, and the corneze in the typical form are not developed. ‘The flagella of the antennules are elongated and transversely plicated. The basal antennal joint is much larger than the next joint, and reaches the infero-lateral process of the front; the elongated flagella arise from within the interior hiatus of the orbits. The exterior maxillipedes are short, and their exognath is rather broad; the ischium of the endognath is not produced at its antero-internal angle; the merus is distally truncated ; its antero-external angle is not produced, and its antero-internal angle, where the next joint articulates, is emarginated. The chelipedes are dissimilar and of moderate length; the merus is short, trigonous, with a spine on its superior margin, and it has on the inner surface a transverse stridu- lating ridge near the distal extremity; the carpus has a spine or tubercle on its inner surface; the palms are short and compressed, and the left palm, (but not the right) has lobe or tubercle on the inner surface, near the superior margin; the dactyli are com- pressed, dentated on the inner margins, and distally acute. The ambulatory legs are slender and somewhat elongated ; their dactyli styliform and straight. Of the single species described there is in the Challenger collection an interesting variety which I have designated— Bathyplax typhlus, var. oculiferus, nov. (Pl. XX. fig. 8). cf. Bathyplax typhlus, A. Milne Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. viii, No. 1, p. 16, 1880. South of Pernambuco, off the coast of Brazil, in 30 to 400 fathoms (Stations 122 to 122c), lat. 9° 5’0” to 9° 10’ 0” S., long. 34° 49’ 0” to 34° 53’ 0” W. (An adult female bearing ova.) REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 931 The dimensions of this specimen are as follows :— Adult @. | Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, . : : ; ; : : 8 17 Greatest breadth of carapace, . : : : : - 2 19 Length of right chelipede, : : : s : 154 33 Length of second ambulatory leg, ‘ : ; : ; 174 37 This variety differs from the type of the species, as described by Milne Edwards, in one character only, and that which constituted the most distinctive peculiarity of the type, 2.é., in having the small ocular peduncles provided with distinct, small, terminal cornee. I may add, that the ambulatory legs are not only hispid with short hairs, but also fringed with longer hairs. In all other characters, as, ¢.g., in its being furnished with a stridulating ridge at the distal extremity of the merus-joint of the chelipedes, and in the curious dissimilarity of the right and left chele, this specimen agrees with the typical form of the species.’ Intochetra, Kinahan. _ Litochetra, Kinahan, Journ. Roy. Dublin Soc., vol. i. p. 121, 1858. ’ Brachygrapsus, Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 203, 1880. Carapace broader than long, somewhat quadrilateral, with the sides nearly straight ; the antero-lateral margins armed with a tooth or spine behind the exterior angle of the orbit. The front is straight or slightly arcuated, and (in the species I have examined) it is rather broad, usually exceeding half the width of the carapace, and the orbital margins are entire. The epistoma is transverse. The ridges of the endostome are distinctly developed (in the species I have examined). The post-abdomen in the male and the basal segments cover the whole width of the sternum, between the bases of the fifth ambulatory legs. The eye-peduncles are robust and of moderate length, the cornez large. The basal joint of the antennee is slender and rather longer than the following joint, and usually does not reach the infero-lateral process of the front; the antennal flagellum is moderately elongated. The exterior maxillipedes meet, or nearly meet, along their inner margins; their ischium-joints are not produced at the antero-internal angles; the merus- joints are distally truncated, and the antero-lateral angles (where the next joint articu- lates) are slightly emarginate; the antero-external angles not greatly produced. The chelipedes in the adult male are subequal and of moderate length, with the merus-joints 1Jt is worthy of note that the specimens described by Milne Edwards from the collections obtained in the Expedition of the U.S.S. “Blake,” under the superintendence of Professor A. Agassiz, in 1877 to 1879, were dredged at Frederickstadt and Santa Lucia at a much greater depth (423 to 451 fathoms), The Rev. A. M. Norman (in Wyville-Thomson, Depths of the Sea, p. 176), mentions a somewhat analogous modification of the ocular peduncles in Ethusa granulata, where the eyes are smooth and rounded in specimens dredged in 110 to 370 fathoms, but are firmly fixed in their sockets, and assume the functions of a rostrum, in the specimens (of more northerly habitat) dredged in 542 and 705 fathoms. 232 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. trigonous, palms somewhat inflated and rounded above, and rounded or subcarinated below, fingers distally acute and denticulated on the inner margins. The ambulatory legs are rather slender and of moderate length ; dactyli styliform or lanceolate. The following species are to be referred to this genus :— Intocheira bispinosa, Kinahan. Port Philip (15 fathoms); Bass Strait; Port Curtis; King George’s Sound (Coll. Brit. Mus.). Intocheira (2) levis (= Brachygrapsus levis, Kingsley). New Zealand. Litocheira kingsleyi, n. sp. Agulhas Bank, 150 fathoms (Station 142). Lrtochevra kingsleyi, Miers (Pl. XXI. fig. 1). Brachygrapsus kingsleyt, Miers, Narr. Chall. Exp., vol. i. pt. i. p. 587, 1880. The body and limbs are rather thinly pubescent. Carapace quadrate, very slightly broader than long, with the sides nearly straight, longitudinally it is slightly convex and arcuate, it has a prominent spiniform tooth at the outer angle of the orbit, and a second at a short distance behind it on the lateral margin. The front is nearly half the width of the carapace, curves slightly downwards, and is divided by a median notch into two rounded lobes, external to which, at the inner angle of the orbit, is an inconspicuous tooth. The margins of the rather large orbits are granulated, without fissures. The epistoma is transversely linear. The post-abdomen of the male is rather narrow, with the sides slightly convergent, as in Nautilograpsus, the segments are thinly pubescent, the third to the sixth segments coalescent, the terminal segment small and subtriangulate ; the ocular peduncles are moderately robust and hairy, with the cornese terminal. The antennules are transversely plicated. The basal antennal joint is short, and does not quite reach the infero-lateral process of the front, the next joint more slender and slightly longer, the terminal peduncular joint short, the flagellum about fourteen-jointed. The exterior maxillipedes are formed nearly as in Trapewa; ischium longer than broad, with an obscure obliquely longitudinal sulcus on the outer surface; merus small, distally truncated, with the antero-external angle rounded and very slightly prominent, and bearing the next joint at the antero-internal angle; exognath very slender, narrow, and distally acute. Chelipedes in the male moderately developed; merus very finely denticulated on its anterior margin; carpus with a small tooth on its inner margin, anterior to which the margin is granulated; palm slightly inflated, and obscurely granulated on its outer surface and more distinctly on its upper margin; fingers about as long as the palm, denticulated on the inner margins, slightly incurved, and distally acute ; ambulatory legs rather elongated, with the merus-joints dilated and compressed, and armed with a spiniform tooth near to the distal extremity of the upper margin; the following joints slender and very hairy; dactyli armed below with a series of short spines, and with a small terminal claw. Colour (in spirit) reddish-brown. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 233 The largest male presents the following dimensions :— Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, rather over, . : ; : 4 i 5 11 Breadth of carapace, nearly : , é : : 6 12 Length of a chelipede, . : : a : 8} 18 Length cf second ambulatory leg, nearly, : : : 5 12 25 The smallest ova-bearing female measures as follows :— Adult ¢@. Lines. Millims. Length and breadth of carapace, nearly, s : é ; 4} i) Length of a chelipede, about , : : ; : ; 6 13 Length of second ambulatory leg, : ‘ : s : 8} 18 A good series of specimens (mostly females) were dredged on the Agulhas Bank, south of Cape Agulhas, South Africa, in lat. 35° 4’ 0” S., long. 18° 37’ 0” E., in 150 fathoms (Station 142). In this species the male verges are exserted near the margins of the sternum and the bases of the fifth ambulatory legs. The pubescent body and limbs and the form of the front distinguish Lvtocheira kingsleyi from the other species referred to this genus. Rhizopine. Rhizopine, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 95, 1858. © This subfamily was established by Dr. Stimpson for certain small genera which resemble the Carcinoplacidze in the form of the carapace, whose antero-lateral margins are arcuated, and in the characters drawn from the front, orbits and outer maxillipedes, but the antero- lateral margins of the carapace are usually entire, rarely dentated, and the post-abdomen of the male does not cover the whole width of the sternum at the base (except perhaps sometimes in Typhlocarcinus). The characters distinguishing this group from the Carcinoplacide are not invariably constant,’ but the genera referred to it are usually at once recognisable by their small size, small orbits, small and deflexed front, and by the arcuated, subentire, antero-lateral margins and subparallel postero-lateral margins of the carapace. Ceratoplax, Stimpson. Ceratoplax, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 96, 1858, Carapace transverse, longitudinally convex and nearly smooth on the dorsal surface, with the antero-lateral margins arcuated and entire or subentire; the postero-lateral 1T have myself described a species of Carcinoplax (Carcinoplax integra) with entire antero-lateral margins, (ZOOL, CHALL, EXP.—PART XLIx.—1886.) Cec 30 234 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. margins nearly parallel. Front deflexed and rather narrow, with the anterior margin slightly arcuated and entire, or with an obscure median notch. LEpistoma transverse. The ridges of the endostome are obsolete or imperfectly defined. The post-abdomen of the male is distinctly seven-jointed and it does not occupy nearly the whole width of the sternum at the base. The orbits are rather large, normally excavated, their superior margins are not (as in Scalopidia) nearly continuous with the front and antero-lateral margins; the eyes have the cornez. normally developed, the margins acute, ciliated. The antennules are transversely plicated. The basal jomt of the antenne is rectangular and usually does not reach the front; the flagellum is somewhat elongated. The exterior maxillipedes, when closed, have no interspace between them; the ischium-joint is longitudinally sulcated and is not produced at its antero-internal angle ; the merus is truncated, shorter than the ischium, and is considerably produced at its antero-external angle; the following joint is articulated at the antero-internal angle of the merus, which angle is usually slightly emarginated. The chelipedes are subequal and of moderate size; merus trigonous and short; carpus with a spine on its interior margin; palm short and compressed, fingers distally acute. The ambulatory legs are moderately elongated, with the joints slender and unarmed ; dactyli styliform. From Scatopidia this genus is at once distinguished by the normally excavated orbits, and from Typhlocarcinus by the larger orbits, the form of the eye-peduncles and of the merus of the exterior maxillipedes, whose merus-joint is produced at the antero- external angle. It is much more nearly allied to Rhizopa, but, if I have rightly identified specimens in the British Museum collection with this genus, the form of the merus of the exterior maxillipedes will also, perhaps, suffice to distinguish it generically. The following species have been referred to Ceratoplax :— Ceratoplax ciliata, Stimpson. North China Sea (20 fathoms); Torres Strait. Ceratoplax arcuata, Miers. North Australia, Port Darwin (12 fathoms); South of New Guinea (28 fathoms). Ceratoplax (?) levis, Miers. Arafura Sea (32 to 36 fathoms). Ceratoplax ciliata, Stimpson (Pl. XIX. fig. 3). Ceratoplax ciliata, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 96, 1858. Torres Strait, August 1874 (a female). This specimen has the dorsal surface of the carapace clothed with a few hairs; the ambulatory legs, although compressed, are rather slender. Adult 9. ; Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, j ; ' : : : 3 6°5 _ Breadth of carapace, . i : ; , i 4 85 REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 235 It is unfortunately in very imperfect condition, having lost the right chelipede and several of the ambulatory legs, which are rather more slender than in the description of Dr. Stimpson, and the front is subentire, not distinctly notched. Ceratoplax arcuata, Miers. Ceratoplax arcuata, Miers, Crust. in Rep. Zool. Coll. H.M.S. “ Alert,” p. 243, pl. xxv. fig. B, 1884. _ A female specimen dredged south of New Guinea, in 28 fathoms, in lat. 9° 59’ 0” S., long. 189° 42° 0” E. (Station 188) is referred, but doubtfully, to this species. This example is of much larger size than the small male described in the Report cited ; the whole animal is more pubescent and the carapace proportionately broader ; the subdistal tooth or prominence on the upper margin of the merus of the chelipedes, which is very obscurely indicated in the original type, is more distinctly developed.’ It has the - following dimensions :— Adult 9. Lines. Miullims. Length of carapace, nearly. ; ; , 2 41}. 9°5 Breadth of carapace, . ’ 3 ; ‘ mi: ’ 54 11°5 Notonyx, A. Milne Edwards. Notonyx, A Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. ix. p. 268, 1873. Carapace nearly quadrilateral, with the antero-lateral angles rounded, suberistated, and the lateral margins straight, entire, and subparallel; longitudinally it is slightly convex, and the dorsal surface smooth and polished. Front deflexed, about one-third the width of the carapace, with the anterior margin straight and entire. The orbits, antennx and post-abdomen are nearly as in Ceratoplax. The eye-peduncles have the corneee normally developed. The exterior maxillipedes are nearly as in Ceratoplaz, but the merus-joint, in the specimens I have examined, is subquadrilateral, distally trun- cated, and is not produced at its antero-external angle. The chelipedes are subequal and moderately developed; merus trigonous; carpus with a tubercle or prominence, not a spine, on its interior surface ; palm short and compressed, cristated below ; fingers distally acute. The ambulatory legs, as in Ceratoplax, are slender and moderately elongated, with the joints unarmed ; dactyli nearly straight. 1T very much doubt the generic distinctness of Rhizopa gracilipes, Stimpson (from Hong-Kong), from this species. In specimens, probably from the Chinese Seas, referred doubtfully to Rhizopa gracilipes in the British (Natural History) Museum, the ocular cornez are minute and inferior as in Ceratoplaa, but the merus of the exterior maxillipedes is not produced at its antero-external angle; the basal antennal joint is more robust and quadrate. In the fully grown specimen the frontal margin is entire, and the palms of the chelipedes are cristate and externally glabrous, as in Stimpson’s description. 236 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. The single species, Notonyx nittdus, which has been referred to this genus, occurs, but rarely, at New Caledonia and the Fiji Islands, and has been taken by the Challenger off the south coast of New Guinea in 28 fathoms. Notonyz is very nearly allied to Ceratoplax, and were it not for a slight difference in the form of the merus of the exterior maxillipedes, could, I think, hardly be distinguished from that genus. Notonyx nitidus, A. Milne Edwards. Notonyx nitidus, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. ix. p. 269, pL xii, fig. 3, 1873. South of New Guinea, 28 fathoms, in lat. 9° 59’S., long. 139° 42’ E. (Station 188). An adult but small male and an adult female. Adult ?. Lines. Maillims. Length of carapace, rather over . : ; : ; ; 3 (i Breadth of carapace, rather over . ; ; : F ; 4 9 In these specimens, the slender basal antennal joint does not quite reach the subfrontal process ; the merus of the exterior maxillipedes, as in the description of Milne Edwards, is not produced at the antero-external angle, and herein differs from the figure cited, where it is shown as slightly produced. Subfamily 2. Ocypopinz. Ou podions Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. vol. ii. p. 39, 1837. Gonoplaciens (pt.), Milne Edwards, tom. ectt., p. 56, 1837. Carapace transverse, trapezoidal or quadrate, with the antero-lateral angles frequently produced and acute, and the lateral margins straight, entire or incised ; front narrow or of moderate width. Orbits usually very considerably developed and occupying nearly the whole or a great part of the anterior face of the body below the front. The fifth joint of the exterior maxillipedes usually articulates at the antero-external angle of the merus. Chelipedes in the adult male subequal, or sometimes very unequal. Ambulatory legs moderately elongated, with the dactyli styliform, compressed, not spinose. I divide the genera of this group into three sections, as follows :— 1. Ocypodine. Carapace trapezoidal with the antero-lateral margins not greatly produced, and entire ; the fifth joint of the endognath of the exterior maxillipedes articulated at its apex, or at REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 237 its antero-external angle ; the post-abdomen in the male usually much narrower than the sternum at the base. Genera:—Ocypoda, Fabricius; Gelasimus, Latreille; Acanthoplax, Milne Edwards (perhaps to be regarded as a subgenus of Gelasimus); Cleistostoma, de Haan ; Helecius, Dana. 2. Gonoplacine. Gonoplaces cancéroides, Milne Edwards (pt.), Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, vol. xviii. p. 162, 1852. Carapace trapezoidal, with the antero-lateral angles produced and spiniform; the fifth joint of the endognath of the exterior maxillipedes articulated with the merus at its antero-internal angle; post-abdomen in the male occupying the whole width of the sternum, between the bases of the fifth ambulatory legs. Genera :—G'onoplax, Leach, and Ommatocarcinus, White.* 38. Macrophthalmine. Gonoplaces vigils, Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool. xvii. p. 155, 1852. Macrophthalmine, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xili., Crust., p. 312, 1852. Carapace transverse and quadrate, depressed, and dentated behind the antero-lateral angles, which are not greatly produced. Front narrow or of moderate width. The post-abdomen in the male does not cover the whole width of the sternum at the base, between the coxal joints of the fifth ambulatory legs. The fifth joint of the endognath of the exterior maxillipedes is articulated with the merus at or near its antero-external angle. Genera :—Macrophthalmus, Latreille; Huplax, Milne Edwards (=Chenostoma, Stimpson, subgenus); Hemiplax, Heller; Rhaconotus, Gersteecker; Ilyoplaz, Stimpson. Ocypodine. Ocypoda, Fabricius. Ocypoda, Fabricius (pt.), Entom. Syst. Suppl. p. 347, 1798. », Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 41, 1837; Ann. d. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, Zool. xviii. p. 141, 1852. », Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 179, 1880. », Miers, Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. x. p. 376, 1882. Carapace quadrate, moderately transverse and convex, with the dorsal surface closely granulated, the lateral margins entire, the cervical and cardiaco-branchial sutures in part 1 The genus Prionoplax, Milne Edwards, which that author arranges with these genera, is, I think, better placed in the family Carcinoplacide ; it is intermediate in structure between Pseudorhombila and Macrophthalmus. 238 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. distinct, the antero-lateral angles moderately prominent. The front (as in Macrophthal- mus and Gielasimus) is very narrow and deflexed; the orbits are very large and open, and extend along the whole anterior face of the body, between the front and antero- lateral angles (which are not very prominent), and their inferior margins are usually divided by a hiatus or fissure. The ridges of the endostome are usually not developed. The post-abdomen in the male is narrow and distinctly seven-jointed, with the terminal segment small and triangulate. The eye-peduncles are very large, and are jointed near the base, the basal part is short, and the terminal portion is often prolonged at its distal extremity as a spine or tubercle; the corneze, which are of great size, cover a great part of the inferior surface of the mobile portion of the eye-peduncles. The antennules are partially concealed by the front ; the antennee are very small, and are placed beneath the eye-peduncles in the narrow hiatus between the bases of the antennules and the interior subocular lobe of the orbit; their basal joimts are very short, and the flagella scarcely exceed the peduncles in length. The exterior maxillipedes are closely applied to the buccal cavity; the ischium-joints are longer than the merus-joints, and are distally truncated; the merus-joints are longer than broad, distally truncated, not emarginated at the antero-internal angles, and the next joint is articulated at the antero-external angle — of the merus. The chelipedes in the adult male are unequal and well developed; the merus-joint in the larger chelipede is trigonous, with the superior and inferior margins denticulated ; carpus short, with usually a lobe or tooth on the inner margin; hand vertically deep and compressed, the palm with a stridulating ridge on its inner surface (except in Ocypoda cordimana), composed ‘of a vertical series of short raised lines or tubercles; fingers either distally acute or truncated, and denticulated on the inner margins. The ambulatory legs-are somewhat elongated, with the joints usually granu- — lated and the dactyli styliform. The species are found on the shores of nearly all the warmer temperate and tropical regions of the globe. Ocypoda ceratophthalma (Pallas). Cancer ceratophthalmus, Pallas, Spicilegia Zoologica, p. 83, pl. v. figs. 7-8, 1772. Ocypoda ceratophthalma, Fabricius, Entom. Syst. Suppl., p. 347, 1798. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii p. 48, 1834; Crust. in Cuvier, Régne Anim., ed. 3, Atlas, pl. xvii. fig. 1. a < - Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 179, 1880, and references to synonyma, except Ocypoda xgyptiaca. i m3 Miers, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. x. p. 379, pl. xvii. fig. 1, 1882. 29 9 North Australia, Raine Island, August 1874 (an adult male); Fiji Islands, Kandavu (a series of specimens, male, female, and young). “REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 239 The adult male from Raine Island measures as follows :-— Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, about. ‘ : : ; : 173 37°5 Breadth of carapace, nearly . : : ; ; : 20 42 In this specimen the terminal styles of the ocular peduncles are normally developed, and project considerably beyond the antere-lateral angles of the carapace, and the tubercles and striz of the stridulating ridge of the larger chelipede are distinct and well defined. In the larger specimens from Kandavu (length of carapace 123 lines, 26 mm.) the terminal styles of the ocular peduncles are very short and tuberculiform, as in the variety of this species, designated by Milne Edwards Ocypoda brevicornis;' in the smaller specimens (length of carapace 9 lines, 19 mm., or under), the ocular styles are obsolete and the eyes distally rounded. An adult female from Kandavu, which is probably an abnormal variety of this species, has short terminal ocular styles, but scarcely any trace of a stridulating ridge on the inner margin of the palm of the larger chelipede, and the fingers of the smaller chelipede are slightly dilated at the distal extremity, in which character this specimen exhibits some approach to Ocypoda macrocera. ‘There is also in the Challenger collection a series of specimens (not fully grown) from the Arrou Islands, which I suppose belong to Ocypoda ceratophthalma rather than to Ocypoda kuhlii, because (although the terminal styles of the ocular peduncles are not developed) the stridulating ridge of the chelipedes (in the larger specimens in the series) is coarsely striated above, finely striated below, and the antero-lateral angles of the carapace are but slightly prominent. Young specimens from the Philippine Islands (Samboangan, 10 fathoms), may belong either to this species or to Ocypoda kuhli; they have no trace of the terminal ocular styles, but the stridulating ridge of the chelipedes is striated rather than tuberculated, as in Ocypoda kuhli. A young male from Hilo, Sandwich Islands (beach) has no indications of ocular styles, but the stridulating ridge is coarsely and evenly striated, as in the adult examples from these islands referred to in my paper on the genus (tom. cit., p. 380). Small specimens of Ocypoda (too young to be assigned to any species with certainty) are in the Challenger collection, from the South Australian Coast, 2 to 10 fathoms (April 1874), from the beach at Botany Bay, and from Matuku, Fiji Islands, “ fresh- water” (July 24, 1874). The length of the carapace in the largest of these specimens (that from Matuku) does not exceed 43 lines (9 mm.). None present any indications of terminal ocular styles. In the specimen from Matuku, and in one from the South Australian Coast, a striated stridulating ridge is very obscurely indicated, and these specimens may also presumably be young examples of Ocypoda ceratophthalma. ’1 Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 48, 1837. 240 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Ocypoda cursor (Linné). Cancer cursor, Linné (pt.), Syst. Nat., ed. xii. p. 1039, 1766. Ocypoda ippeus, Olivier, Voy. dans Empire Ottoman, Atlas, pl. xxx. fig. 1. . » Audouin, Explic. des planches in Savigny, Descr. de l’Egypte, Atlas, pl. i. fig, 1. ~ » Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 47, 1837. os », Moseley, Notes by a Naturalist on the Challenger, pp. 48, 49, woodcut, 1879. cursor, de Haan, Crust. in v. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, p. 29, 1835. Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool. xviii. p. 142, 1852. Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 182, 1880. de Man, Notes Leyden Mus., p. 248, 1881. Miers, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. x. p. 378, 1882. ¥ » Studer, Abhandl. d.k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, Abh. i. p. 13, 1882. ”? 2) Cape Verde Islands, St. Vincent, July 1873 (a large series of specimens, adult and young); St. Jago, Cape Verde Islands, August 1873 (an adult male). The largest male in the series from St. Vincent has the following dimensions :— Adult ¢. Lines, Millims, Length of carapace, . : : : : , : 17 36 Greatest breadth of carapace, ‘ : : : i 204 43°5 In the adult examples of large size, the pencil of setee borne at the end of the eye- peduncles, characteristic of this species, is long and thick; in the smaller specimens, however, it is little developed, and in immature specimens of small size no trace of it exists, and the eye-peduncles are rounded at the distal extremity. The stridulating ridge of the chelipedes, which in adult examples of both sexes is finely and evenly striated throughout its length, is absent from the very smallest examples in the Challenger series. | Ocypoda arenaria (Catesby). Cancer arenarius, Catesby, Hist. of the Carolinas, vol. ji. p. 35, pl. xxxv., 1731, 1771. Ocypoda arenaria, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., vol. i. p. 69, 1817. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 44, pl. xix. figs. 13, 14, 1837. Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 184, 1880, and references to synonyma. ni 2 Miers, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. x. p. 384, pl. xvii. fig. 7, 1882. » Thombea, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 46, 1837; Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool. xvii. p. 143, 1852. n ‘2 Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii., Crust. 1, p. 322, pl. xix. fig. 8, 1852. 9) ”? +B) >? Bermuda (an adult female), Bahia; shallow water (an adult male). Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, about : : ; : : 143 31 Breadth of carapace, . ; ; ; 174 37 REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 241 Gelasimus, Latreille. Gelasimus, Latreille, Nouv. Dict. d. Hist. Nat., ed. 2, vol. xviii. p. 286, 1880. - Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 49, 1837; Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, vol, xviii. p. 144, 1852. Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 1385, 1880. Carapace transverse, longitudinally convex, usually smooth on the dorsal surface, but sometimes granulated, with the cervical and cardiaco-branchial sutures usually more or less distinctly defined, with the antero-lateral angles usually prominent and acute, and the lateral margins nearly straight, and convergent to the posterior margin. The front is deflexed, usually very narrow, almost linear between the bases of the eye-peduncles, but sometimes much broader, and at the base nearly equalling one-third the width of the carapace at the anterior margin. The orbits are very large and, as in Macrophthalmus, extend along the whole anterior surface of the carapace, between the front and antero- lateral margins. The longitudinal ridges of the endostome are usually more or less distinctly developed. The post-abdomen in the male is narrow and distinctly seven- jointed, and its base does not occupy the whole width of the sternum between the bases of the ambulatory legs. The eye-peduncles (as in Macrophthalmus) are very slender and elongated, reaching, or nearly reaching, the antero-lateral angles of the carapace. The antennulary flagella are usually somewhat obliquely plicated. The basal joint of the antenne is small, and placed beneath the bases of the eye-peduncles ; the flagella are of moderate length. The ischium of the exterior maxillipedes is much larger than the merus, and is not produced at its antero-internal angle; the merus is small, usually transverse, distally truncated, and not emarginated at the antero-internal angle, and the following joint is articulated at the antero-external angle of the merus. The chelipedes are very unequally developed, either the nght or left may be the larger in the same species ; the merus in the larger chelipede is usually trigonous and prolonged beyond the antero- lateral angles of the carapace; the carpus is moderately elongated, and has usually no spine on its interior surface; the hand is compressed and enormously developed, usually oreatly exceeding in length the three preceding jomts; the palm is much shorter than the fingers, and is usually obliquely cristated on the inner surface; the fingers are distally acute or subacute, granulated, and usually lobated on the inner margins; in the smaller chelipede (and in both chelipedes in the female) the joints are slender and feeble. The ambulatory legs are of moderate length and present nothing remarkable; the merus- joints are compressed, and the dactyli styliform. The deseribed species are extremely numerous, and occur in all the warmer temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions of the globe. The two which are mentioned below have been described since the publication of Mr. Kingsley’s list. Gelasiumus thomson, Kirk. New Zealand (Wellington). Gelasumus cimatodus, Rochebrune. Senegambia. (ZOOL, CHALL, EXP,—PART XLIx.—1886.) Cee 31 242 : THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. The nearest ally to this genus is Helwcius, Dana, which is distinguished by the equal chelipedes and somewhat differently shaped post-abdomen of the male, which is broader at the base, &c. The genus Acanthoplax, Milne Edwards, is united by Kingsley with Gelasomus, and cannot, I think, be regarded as more than a subgenus; it is distinguished, according to Milne Edwards, merely by having the branchial regions of the carapace armed with a marginal series of large spiniform tubercles. Gelasiemus vocans (Linné). 2% Cancer vocans, Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. xii. p. 1041, 1766. Gelasimus vocans, Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool. xviii. p. 145, pl. iii. fig. 4, 1852, nec. Hist. Nat. Crust. Gelasimus nitidus, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii., Crust., p. 316, pl. xix. fig. 5, 1852. Fiji Islands, Kandavu (an adult male); Arrou Islands (an adult male). The form thus designated is distinguished by the form of the larger chelipede in the male, whose palm is coarsely and strongly granulated externally, with the pollex or lower finger externally concave at, the base, and bearing two strong triangular lobes, situated, one at about the middle of its inner margin, and one near to the distal extremity (besides a smaller sub-basal tooth on the inner margin, which is not always present). The figures cited give an excellent representation of this species. Mr. Kingsley, in his recent Revision of the Gelasimi,’ refers to this species as Gelasumus cultromanus, Adams and White, but in the specimens designated by White Gelasumus cultrumanus, in the collection of the British Museum, the larger chelipede in the male is much more elongated, the proximal tooth of the two large triangular teeth of the pollex is always wanting, and the distal one is much less prominent and triangulate, and these specimens certainly belong to a distinct species or a very distinct and well; marked variety. It may become necessary, for the reasons urged by Kingsley, to abandon the designation G'elasymus vocans for this species altogether.’ Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, rather over . 5 : : : : 6 13 Breadth of carapace, ; : : . ; : ; 9 19 1 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sct. Philad., p. 140, pl. ix. fig. 7, 1880. 2 T retain, for the present, the Linnean name for this species, because it is so used by Milne Edwards in his later monograph of the group, and by other authors. If, however, the Linnean designation be properly referable to Gelasinvus tetragonon, or to any other species, it will be necessary to use Dana’s designation, Gelasimus witidus, for the present form, since his figure (tom. cit., pl. xix. fig. 5c) certainly belongs to it. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURBA. 243 Gelasimus rubripes, Jacquinot and Lucas. Gelasimus rubripes, Jacquinot and Lucas, Crust. in Voy. au Pole Sud. Zool., ii. p. 66, pl. vi. ‘fig. 2, 1853. Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. xvii. p, 148, pl. iv. fig, 12, 1852. Kingsley, tom. cit., p. 145, pl. x. fig. 17, 1880. 29 22 aya) 7) Philippines, Samboangan, 10 fathoms (an adult male). This specimen agrees well with the figure of Jacquinot and Lucas. Specimens of this species, which have two triangular teeth on the inner margin of the palm, might at first sight be mistaken for Gelasimus vocans, but the series referred to Gelasimus rubripes, in the British Museum collection, may always be distinguished by having the dactylus granulated at and near the base and longitudinally sulcated on its outer surface. Adult ¢. Lines, Millims. Length of carapace, about . : i “ 84 18:5 Breadth of carapace, nearly . : : : ; : 13. 27°5 Gelasimus tetragonon (Herbst). 1 Cancer tetragonon, Herbst, Naturgesch. der Krabben u. Krebse, Heft 1, p. 257, pl. xx. fig. 110, 1782... Gelasimus tetragonon, Riippell, Beschreib. 24 Arten kurzschwinzigen Krabben d. rothen Meeres, p. 25, pl. v. fig. 5, 1830. * a Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 52, 1857; Ann. d. Sci. Nat., tom. cit., p. 147, pl. iii. fig. 9, 1852. 3 Vs Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 143, pl. ix. fig. 11, 1880, where references to literature. Two males were obtained at Tahiti, near the reefs, and three at Papiete, in the same island, on the shore and at the river mouths; also a male and two females at the Arrou Islands. 7 , This species varies much in the coloration and in the tuberculation of the larger chelipede, whose fingers are granulated on the inner margins and bear ordinarily two or three larger tubercles, but these latter are sometimes absent from the inner margins of one or both fingers. The coloration in the Challenger spirit specimens is purplish- brown, with irregular pale markings ; the chelipedes yellowish, with a large red patch at the base of the pollex, which extends sometimes over the whole outer surface of the palm. Adult 3. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, . ; : : : : 10 21 Breadth of carapace, nearly wi AL : 15 31°5 244 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Gelasimus annulipes, Milne Edwards. Gelasimus annulipes, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 55, pl. xviii. figs. 10-13, 1837; Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. xviii. p. 149, pl. iv. fig. 15, 1852. Hilgendorf, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 803-805, 1878. Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 148, pl. x. fig. 22, 1880, and references to literature, in part only. porcellanus, White, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 85, 1847; Crust. in Zool. H.M.S§. ‘“‘Samarang,” p. 50, 1848. 7 ms Milne Edwards, tom. cit., p. 151, 1852. + 3 Kingsley, tom. ctt., p. 155, 1880. perplexus, Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., tom. ctt., p. 150, pl. iv. fig. 18, 1852; Jide Hilgendorf, tom. cit., p. 806, 1878. marionis, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i. p, 538, 1837, not of Desmarest (1) 39 ” oP) 99 Bd ha splendidus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 99, 1858. . Kingsley, tom. cit., p. 149, 1880. ee pulchellus, Stimpson, tom. cit., p. 100, 1858. rectilatus, Lockington, Proc. Calif. Acad. Nat. Sci, pt. 1, p. 148, 1876; jide Kingsley. annulipes, var. albimana, Kossmann, Zool. Ergebn. einer Reise Kiistengeb. d. rothen Meeres, Brachyura, p. 53, 1877. Philippines, Samboangan, 10 fathoms (three males); Fiji Islands, Kandavu (a good series of specimens, mostly males); Matuku (three males and two females). Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, about ; d ts : ; é 34 75 Breadth of carapace, . ; é : : : ; 6 13 In the specimens I refer to this species the carapace is moderately convex, smooth, and shining; the front ordinarily subtruncated at the distal extremity, the posteriorly convergent lateral margins defined by a straight line, which proceeds from the rather prominent acute antero-lateral angles of the carapace nearly to the rounded postero- lateral angles. The larger chelipede in the adult male has the hand elongated, externally eranulated, the palm about once and a half as long as broad, with a vertical impressed line near the base of the fingers, internally armed with an angulated, coarsely granulated prominence near the base, and with two short granulated ridges near the bases of the fingers, the fingers are granulated on their inner margins; the pollex has two or three larger teeth or prominences, of which one is usually situated at about the middle of the inner margin, and one (triangulate) near the distal extremity; the dactylus is flat. externally, with the margins subparallel nearly to the distal extremity, which is strongly incurved, and has usually two or three larger granules on the inner margin. In the smaller males the tubercles and prominences of the inner margin of the fingers eecieniacin Ba REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 245 are often deficient, the subdistal triangulate tooth of the pollex or lower finger being that most permanent and characteristic of the species.! Gonoplacine. Gonoplax, Leach. Gonoplax, Leach, ‘Trans. Linn. Soe. Lond., vol. xi. p. 323, 1815. “i Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 60, 1837; Ann. d. Sci. Nat, Zool., vol. xviii. p- 162, 1852. Carapace transverse, longitudinally rather convex, dorsally smooth, with the antero- lateral angles terminating in spines, which are not greatly produced, as in Ommatocar- emus. The front is deflexed, and rather less than one-third of the width of the carapace, and its anterior margin is straight; the orbits are well defined, and extend along the whole anterior margin of the body between the front and antero-lateral angles. The epistoma is transverse; the ridges of the endostome or palate are nearly obsolete; the post-abdomen in the male is rather broad, distinctly seven-jointed, and at the base covers the whole width of the sternum. ‘The eye-peduncles are elongated. The antennules are transversely plicated. The basal antennal joint is small, and does not reach the infero- lateral process of the front, and the flagellum is somewhat elongated. The exterior maxillipedes present nothing remarkable; their ischium-joints are longitudinally sulcated, and are not produced at the antero-internal angles ; the merus-joints are distally trun- cated, the antero-external angles not produced, and the antero-internal angles, where the next joint articulates, usually slightly emarginated. The chelipedes in the adult male are subequal and very considerably elongated ; the merus-joints subcylindrical, and often exceeding in length the width of the carapace; carpus short, without a spine on the interior surface; palm about as long as the merus and compressed, fingers rather robust and compressed, dentated or tuberculated on the inner margins, and distally acute. The ambulatory legs are moderately elongated and slender, with the dactyli styliform. To the long known European and North Atlantic species of this genus is to be added an apparently new form, which I propose to designate G'onoplax sinuatifrons. 1 T have thought it useful to give the leading references to the synonyma of this species, so far as I am acquainted with them, since Mr. Kingsley’s are incorrect in some particulars, or incomplete. Thus the West American Gelasimus macrodactylus, Milne Edwards and Lucas, cannot, in my opinion, be regarded as synonymous with Gelasimus annulipes, but, as the description and figure and specimens in the British (Natural History) Museum show, is a species with much more convex carapace and less prominent antero-lateral angles, and with differently shaped chelipedes and fingers. Gelasimus perplexus is stated by Hilgendorf to be synonymous, not with Gelasimus chlorophthalmus, Milne Edwards, as stated by Kingsley, but with Gelasimus annulipes. Gelasimus gaimardi, Milne Edwards, may also possibly be a variety of this species, but specimens referred to it in the British Museum collection may be distinguished by the rounder front and more tapering and slender dactylus of the larger chelipede, while the palm has a cicatrice on its outer surface. Gelasimus pulchellus, Stimpson, from Tahiti, is, to judge from the short diagnosis, a species or variety intermediate between Gelasimus annulipes and Gelasimus gaimardi. 246 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Gonoplax sinuatifrons, n. sp. (Pl. XX. fig. 2). The carapace is shaped nearly as in Gonoplax rhomboides (Linné), 2.¢e., it is moderately convex in a longitudinal direction, transverse, with the antero-lateral angles prominent and spiniform, the lateral margins slightly tumid at the hepatic regions, and thence slightly convergent to the postero-lateral angles; the dorsal surface is smooth and glabrous. The front is rather less than one-third the width of the carapace, its anterior margin not straight, as in Gonoplax rhomboides, but with a wide, shallow, median sinus; the lateral angles are rounded. The upper and lower orbital margins are undulated nearly as in Gonoplax rhomboides, which this species closely resembles also in the form of the ocular peduncles, antennee, and outer maxillipedes. Chelipedes, in the small female, of moderate length; merus with a small tooth near the middle of its upper margin, as in Gonoplax rhomboides, and with another on the inferior margin; carpus with a tooth on its inner margin, but with the small tooth of the outer surface (present in G'onoplax rhomboides) nearly obsolete; chela less elongated than in G'onoplax rhomboides, and deeper in proportion to its length ; the palm is rounded above and carinated below as in the European species, and the fingers somewhat more robust. The ambulatory legs as in Gonoplax rhomboides. Colour (in spirit) yellowish brown. , Young ?. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, rather over . é : , ; ; 3 7 Breadth of carapace, : A ; ; Ape ; 4} 9°5 Length of a chelipede, . : : : ‘ : : 64 13°5 Length of second ambulatory leg, : y : : 84 185 The unique specimen (a female, probably not fully grown) was dredged at Amboyna, in 15 to 25 fathoms. This specimen is only distinguishable from the well-known European G'onoplax rhomboides by slight differences in the form of the front and chelipedes, which are referred to above, but probably additional specific characters would be derived from adult male examples. Ommatocarcinus, White. Ommatocarcinus, White, Append. in Stanley, Voy. H.M.S. ‘‘ Rattlesnake,” vol. ii. p. 393, pl. v. fig. 1, 1852. Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. xviii. p. 163, 1852. 29 Carapace transverse, longitudinally rather convex, with the dorsal surface smooth, the sides converging slightly to the posterior margins; the antero-lateral angles pro- longed as long spines. The front is very narrow, less than one-sixth the anterior width of the carapace in the adult male, it is deflexed, and constricted between the bases of the eye-peduncles as in Macrophthalmus. The epistoma is linear-transverse. The REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 247 endostome is without distinct longitudinal ridges; these are only very faintly indicated in their basal portion. The post-abdomen in the male is distinctly seven-jointed and resembles that of Gonoplax, but is distally rather broader; as in that genus, the two basal segments occupy the whole of the interspace between the bases of the ambulatory legs. The eye-pedicels are slender and greatly elongated, reaching the extremities of the antero-lateral angles of the carapace or even prolonged slightly beyond them. The antennules are transversely plicated. The antennz occupy the narrow interior hiatus of the orbits; the basal joints are very short and do not nearly reach the lateral angles of the front; the flagella are moderately elongated. The ischium-joint of the exterior maxillipedes is not produced at its antero-internal angle; the merus is short, distally truncated, with the antero-external angles rounded. The chelipedes (in the adult males) are subequal and very greatly developed, sometimes exceeding in length three and a half times the greatest width of the carapace; the merus is subcylindrical and projects far beyond the antero-lateral angles of the carapace; the carpus is short and unarmed ; palm slightly compressed, and nearly as long as the merus; fingers enclosing a wide basal interspace, compressed, distally acute, and irregularly dentated on the anterior margins. The ambulatory legs are elongated and compressed, without spines, and the dactyli are styliform and about as long as the penultimate joints. Perhaps the nearest ally of this genus is Gonoplax, which Ommatocarcinus resembles in general form, in the great development of the chelipedes, in that the abdomen covers the whole width of the sternum at the base, and especially in the articulation of the fourth joint of the exterior maxillipedes with the merus at or near the antero-internal angle of the latter joint. Ommatocarcinus is distinguished from Gonoplax by the narrower front, the greater development of the eye-peduncles, and the greatly developed antero- lateral spine of the carapace. I believe the only described species of this genus is the following :— Ommatocarcinus macgillivrayi, White. Ommatocarcinus macgillivrayt, White, Append. in Stanley, Voy. of the “Rattlesnake,” vol. ii. p. 393, pl. v. fig. 1, 1852. es +3 Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. xviii. p. 163, 1852. Queen Charlotte Sound, near Long Island, New Zealand, 10 fathoms, Station 167A (a young male and two small but ova-bearing females). The smallest female has the following dimensions :— Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, a little over : : ; : ; 4 9 Breadth of carapace (to base of the spines at the antero-lateral angles), 7 15 248 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.8. CHALLENGER. In all these specimens the chelipedes are of moderate length, not greatly elongated, as in the large Australian males, the types of the species, in the British (Natural History) Museum; the front, in the females especially, is somewhat broader, and the chelipedes relatively much shorter, with the merus-joints angulated, and armed with two or three spinules on the anterior margin, near the distal extremity, besides the spinule on the middle of the posterior margin, which is found also in the Jarge adult males. These differences will perhaps be found to be of specific importance. The largest female measures as follows :— Adult @. Lines, Millims. Length of carapace, . ‘ : : : ; 5 10°5 Breadth to base of antero-lateral spine, E : ; : 9 19 Length of a chelipede, : : , : ; : 10 21 Macrophthalmine. Macrophthalmus, Latreille. Macrophthalmus, Latreille, in Cuvier, Régne Animal, ed. 2, vol. iv. p. 44, 1829. ys Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii, p. 63, 1837; Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool. xviii. -p. 155, 1852. Carapace usually quadrate, depressed and broadly transverse, with the cervical and cardiaco-branchial sutures distinct on the lateral margins, nearly straight, and armed with one or more teeth behind that at the exterior angle of the orbit; front very narrow and deflexed, so as in great measure to conceal the antennules, and distally truncated. The orbits are very large and occupy the whole width of the anterior face of the carapace, between its antero-lateral angles and the front, and they are not defined externally, beneath the antero-lateral or exterior orbital angle. The epistoma is very narrow, usually linear-transverse. The longitudinal ridges of the endostome or palate are either — absent or very obscurely indicated. The post-abdomen (in the male) is distinctly seven- jointed, and does not occupy the whole width of the sternum, between the bases of the fifth ambulatory legs. The ocular pedicels are slender and considerably elongated, and in certain species are even prolonged laterally beyond the exterior angle of the orbit. The ‘antennules are transversely plicated. The antennz are not excluded from the orbital hiatus, their basal portion is very short; the basal joint is usually transverse and does not nearly reach the frontal margin; the flagellum is somewhat elongated. The exterior maxillipedes do not meet along their inner margins; the ischium and merus-joints of the endognathi are distally truncated, or their anterior margins are even slightly concave ; the carpus is articulated with the merus at its antero-external angle. The chelipedes (in the adult males) are usually subequal and somewhat elongated, with the merus trigonous ; carpus without or with only a small spine on the interior margin ; palm elongated, compressed, and rounded or subcarinated on the superior margin ; fingers compressed and minutely denticulated on the interior margins, and usually REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 249 armed with one or two larger lobes or teeth, and distally acute or somewhat excavated. Ambulatory legs somewhat elongated, robust, with the merus-joints compressed, and usually armed with a subdistal spine on the superior margin; dactyli slender, nearly straight, and styliform. The described species of this genus are numerous and occur in the littoral or shallow waters of all parts of the Indo-Pacific region. The following are recent forms which have been described since the publication of Milne Edwards’s memoir in 1852. They apparently all belong to his second section (§ 2) of the genus. Macrophthalmus dentatus, Stimpson. Hong Kong. Macrophthalmus convexus, Stimpson. Loo-Choo. Macrophthalmus biearinatus, Heller. Nicobars. ; Macrophthalmus grandidiert, A. Milne Edwards. Zanzibar. Macrophthalmus «imermis, A. Milne Edwards. Sandwich Islands; New Caledonia. Macrophthalmus levis, A. Milne Edwards. Indian Ocean. Macrophthalmus greffei, A. Milne Edwards. Upolu, Samoan Islands. Macrophthalmus quadratus, A. Milne Edwards. New Caledonia. Macrophthalmus punctulatus, Miers. New South Wales, Port Jackson. Macrophthalmus latifrons, Haswell. Victoria, Port Philip.’ Macrophthalmus podophthalmus, Eydoux and Souleyet. Macrophthalmus podophthalmus, Eydoux and Souleyet, Crust. in Voy. d. “ Bonite,” Zool., vol. i. pl. iii. fig. 6, 1841. Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. xviii. p. 155, 1852. ” ” Torres Strait, August 1874 (a small male). A young female of very small size from the afar Sea (depth not stated), may perhaps be regarded as the young of this species, although in the length of the ambulatory legs it approaches Macrophthalmus sulcatus, as described by Milne Edwards,’ from the Mauritius. In this specimen the ocular peduncles project beyond the antero-lateral angles of the carapace by little more than the length of their cornee ; the carapace is less widely transverse than in the adult Macrophthalmus podophthalmus, 1 Macrophthalmus brevis (Herbst), from the Red Sea and Zanzibar, which Milne Edwards and Hilgendorf placed (the former doubtfully) as synonymous with Macrophthalmus carinimanus, Latreille, is regarded by M. de Man (Notes Leyden Mus., vol. ii. p. 70, 1879) as distinct from that species ; Macrophthalmus polleni, Hoffmann, from Sakatia Island, is thought by the same author to be synonymous with Macrophthalmus latreillei, Desmarest, which has been recorded both as a recent and fossil species. 2 Tom. cit., p. 156, 1852. (ZOOL, CHALL, EXP,—PART XLIx.—1886.) Cee 32 250 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.8. CHALLENGER. and the transverse sulci of the carapace are not more deeply indicated than in that species. The ambulatory legs are relatively more elongated and very slender (one only remains perfect, and is detached in this specimen). Its dimensions are as follows :— Young 9. | Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, nearly : 5 : . : 2 4 Breadth of carapace, . : é ; ; ; : 2s 55 Macrophthalmus serratus, Adams and White (Pl. XX. fig. 1). Macrophthalmus serratus, Adams and White, Crust. in Zool. H.M.S, “Samarang,” p. 51, 1848, 45 = Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. xviii. p. 159, 1852. Japan, Kobé, 8 to 10 fathoms (a small male and female). These specimens are referred with much doubt to this species, on account of their very small size. One of the chelipedes in the male is deficient. The carapace is more finely granulated than in adult examples of Macrophthalmus serratus, the front perhaps somewhat broader, and the antero-teeth much less prominent. As in adult specimens there are obscure indications of a fourth lateral marginal tooth. In the female the first lateral tooth is less prominent than the following. I have observed a similar variation in adult males. The figure of the adult is from a male of large size in the collection of the British (Natural History) Museum. In an adult female, also from the Philippines, in the collection, the antero-lateral teeth are less prominent, and the small Challenger specimens in these particulars more nearly approach this example. Hemiplax, Heller. Hemiplax, Heller, Crust, in Reise der “ Novara,” p. 40, 1865. Miers, Cat. New Zeal. Crust., p. 33, 1876. This genus was established by Dr. Heller for a species very nearly allied to Macroph- thalmus, but differmg from the typical species of that genus in the less transverse carapace and broader front, which is at least one-third of the width of the carapace at the antero-lateral angles. In all other characters it nearly resembles Macrophthalmus. As in that genus the exterior maxillipedes do not meet along the inner margins, and their merus-joints are short, distally truncated, and are not, as in Metaplax (to which - Hemuplax is also very nearly related), traversed externally by an oblique piliferous crest. The chelipedes (as in Macrophthalmus) are subequal, and shorter than the geass te legs, and the fingers are finely denticulated on the inner margins. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 251 I think that this genus would perhaps be better regarded as a subgenus of Macroph- thalmus, and might perhaps include those forms (Macrophthalmus quadratus, A. Milne Edwards, Macrophthalmus punctulatus, Miers, &c.) which differ from the typical Macrophthalmi in their narrower carapace and broader front, and from Huplax in that the eye-peduncles reach, or nearly reach, the antero-lateral angles of the carapace. Hemiplax hirtupes, Heller. Metaplax hirtipes, Heller, Verhandl. d. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, vol. xii. p. 521, 1862, Hemiplax hirtipes, Heller, Crust. in Reise der ‘‘ Novara,” p. 40, pl. iv. fig. 3, 1865. Miers, Cat. New Zeal. Crust., p. 34, 1876. oP] ”» New Zealand, Queen Charlotte Sound, 10 fathoms (Station 1674). Five small specimens, males and females. The chelipedes and ambulatory legs are more slender than in the fully grown adult, the carapace perhaps narrower, and the ambulatory legs less hairy. The largest male measures as follows :— Adult 2. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, about ‘ ‘ : . ' ; 3 6°5 Breadth of carapace, about ; : 2 : , : 4 8°5 Euplax, Milne Edwards. Euplax, Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool. xviii. p. 160, 1852. ,, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. ix. p. 281, 1873. Chenostoma, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 97, 1858, subgenus (2). This genus was established by Milne Edwards for two species which very nearly approach Macrophthalmus in all structural characteristics, and are distinguished merely by the shorter eye-peduncles, which do not nearly reach the exterior orbital angle (which is less developed than in the typical Macrophthalmz); the carapace is narrower than in the typical forms of Macrophthalmus and is uniformly granulated, and the front broader in width, nearly equalling the length of the eye-peduncles. It is very nearly connected with Macrophthalmus, through such forms as Macrophthalmus SiN ed A. Milne Edwards, and Macrophthalmus punctulatus, Miers. Of the two species assigned by Milne Edwards to this genus, one, Huplax boscii, is distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific region, the other, Euplax leptophthalmus, Milne Edwards, occurs on the coast of Chili. 252 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Euplax (Chenostoma) boscu (Audouin). Macrophthalmus boscii, Audouin, Explic. des planches in Savigny, Crust. de Egypte, pl. ii. fig. 1. Euplax boscti, Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. xviii. p. 160, 1852. » (Chexnostoma) boscii, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. ix. p. 281, 1873, and reference to synonyma. Miers, Crust. in Rep. Zool. Coll. H.M.S. “Alert,” pp. 238, 542, 1884. ” ? 9 Fiji Islands, Kandavu, July 1874 (an adult female, bearing ova). Adult @. Lines, Millims. Length of carapace, nearly : : : : 4 5 10°5 Breadth of carapace, nearly. 4 : ; is “ 6 125 Family lil. GRAaPSID4. Grapsoidiens, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. vol. ii. p. 68, 1837. Grapside, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii., Crust., p. 329, 1852. be Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 187, 1880. Grapsine (pt.), Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool. xx. p. 163, 1853. Carapace depressed or moderately convex, more or less quadrilateral, with the lateral margins straight or slightly arcuated. Front usually broad, more rarely of moderate width, never very narrow. Orbits and eye-peduncles of moderate size. The post-abdomen usually covers the whole width of the sternum at the base, between the coxee of the fifth ambulatory legs. The carpal joint of the endognath of the exterior maxillipedes articu- lates at the summit or at the antero-external angle of the merus, not at the antero-internal angle. The chelipedes (in the adult males) are usually subequal and are moderately developed. The dactyli of the ambulatory legs are styliform, compressed, and are some- times smooth, sometimes armed with strong spines. The species are nearly always littoral or shallow-water forms, but rarely inhabit deep water (¢.g., Huchirograpsus). Both genera and species have been recently enumerated by Kingsley in the memoir cited above. Subfamily 1. GRAPSINA. Grapsine, Kingsley, tom. cit., p. 189. Antennules more or less transverse and covered by the front, which is entire, not . longitudinally cleft. - This subfamily is divided by Mr. Kingsley (after Dana) into the following sections (or tribes) :— REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 253 1, Grapsinti. Grapsine, Dana, tom. cit., p. 331. Exterior maxillipedes without an oblique piliferous crest on the ischial and meral joints. 2. Sesarmini, Sesarminx, Dana, tom. cit., p. 333. Merus and ischium of the exterior maxillipedes crossed obliquely by a piliferous ridge. Nautilograpsus, Milne Edwards. Nautilograpsus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 89, 1837; Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool: xx. p. 173, 1853. - Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 201, 1880. Planes (Leach, MS.), Bowdich, Excursion to Madeira and Porto Santo, p. 15, fig. 2, 1825 (description insufficient). Carapace subquadrate, with the postero-lateral margins somewhat convergent, dorsally smooth and slightly convex, and usually with a slightly indicated lateral post- orbital tooth. The front is broad, usually about half the width of the carapace ; its anterior margin projecting slightly and nearly straight. The orbits are small, and the margins entire or with only a very small notch beneath the eye-peduncles, near the exterior orbital tooth. The epistoma is short and broadly transverse. The longitudinal ridges of the endostome are distinct and well-defined. The post-abdomen in the male is distinctly seven-jointed, and its basal segments occupy the whole width of the sternum, between the coxee of the ambulatory legs. The eye-peduncles are short and thick. The antennules are transversely plicated. The basal joint of the antennz is short and robust, and is produced at its antero-external angle, which forms a lobe or tooth, and lies within the interior hiatus of the orbit; the flagellum is short. The exterior maxillipedes have a rhomboidal gape; the merus-joints are distally truncated, and their anterior margins are even slightly concave; the carpal joints are articulated near the rounded , antero-external angles of the merus-joints. The chelipedes (in the adult males) are rather robust, subequal, of moderate size; the merus-joints trigonous, and the anterior margins dentated ; carpi with a tooth or spine on the interior margins, palms somewhat turgid, rounded above; fingers dentated on the interior margins and distally acute. The ambulatory legs are short, with the joints compressed, and (the merus-joints especially) somewhat dilated; the penultimate joints are ciliated on the superior margins, and the inferior margins are spinuliferous ; dactyli short, compressed and spinuliferous. Nautilograpsus is allied in. some particulars to Trapezia in the Cancroidea, and to Intochevra, Kinahan, in the Carcinoplacidee, from both of which it is distinguished by the broader basal antennal joint and the compressed and robust ambulatory legs. 254 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S, CHALLENGER. There is probably but a single species of this genus (the common Gulf-Weed Crab), which occurs nearly everywhere on floating weed in the temperate and tropical seas of. the globe, and has been referred to under many different specific names. Nautilograpsus minutus (Linné). Cancer minutus, Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. xii., p. 1040, 1766. Grapsus pusillus, de Haan, Crust. in v. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, pp. 32, 59, pl. xvi. fig. 2, 1835. Nautilograpsus minutus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii: p. 90, 1837; Ann. d. Sci. Nat., tom. cit., p. 174, 1853. - ss Kingsley, tom. cit., p. 202, 1880, et synonyma. The specimens in the collection are from the following localities :—- Gomera, Canary Islands, February 1, 1873 (an adult male); between Bermuda and the Azores, June 20, 1878 (a large series of specimens, attached to Janthina and other floating objects); off Sombrero Island, West Indies, March 15, 1873 (a small female); gulf-weed in the North-West Atlantic, April 1873 (numerous specimens); from Fucus in the North Atlantic, June 26, 1873 (an adult male and two females); South Pacific, near the Kermadec Islands, on the surface, among seaweed, July 15, 1874 (numerous speci- mens); North Pacific, off Volcano Island, April 4, 1875, from tube containing surface dredgings (a female); coast of Japan, June 1875 (an adult female); North-West Pacific, surface, June 1875 (two adult females). Specimens of this genus show a considerable degree of variation in the convexity of the carapace, the development of the antero-lateral marginal tooth, which is sometimes obsolete, in the coloration of the body and limbs, &c., but I cannot find any valid characters for the distinction of the numerous supposed species which have been described by authors. Adult 3. : Lines. Millims. Length and breadth of carapace,! 9 19 Grapsus, Lamarck. Grapsus, Lamarck (pt.), Syst. Anim. sans Vert., v. p. 247, 1818. i Milne Edwards (pt.), Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 83, 1837; Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. xx. p. 166, 1853. 4 Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 192, 1880. | Carapace depressed, with the cervical sutures strongly defined; the lateral margins regularly arcuated, and armed with a single tooth behind the exterior orbital angle, the dorsal surface marked with transverse raised lines, which are strongest on the branchial regions; the front is of moderate width, strongly deflexed, and its anterior margin is entire and slightly arcuated; the orbits of moderate size, rather deep, and their inferior 1 This is rather more than the average size of adult examples, but I have examined yet larger specimens in the collection of the British (Natural History) Museum. ‘REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 255 margins have a fissure or notch, near the exterior orbital tooth ;. the epistoma is transverse and rather large ; the buccal cavity small, and the ridges of the endostome or palate distinctly defined. The post-abdomen (in the male) is distinctly seven-jointed, and its basal segments cover the whole width of the sternum between the bases of the fifth ambulatory legs. The eye-peduncles are robust and short; the antennules are transversely plicated in very narrow fossetts. The basal antennal joint is very short and is produced at its antero-external angle; it lies within the interior orbital hiatus, between the front and the interior subocular lobe of the orbit, which is dentiform and acute ; the flagellum is short. The exterior maxillipedes have a rhomboidal gape, and their endognathi are narrow (the ischium-joints are not in contact at the base); the merus- joints are truncated or slightly concave at the distal extremity, the carpi are articulated at the distal extremity of the merus-joints near the antero-external angle. The chelipedes (in the adult male) are robust and rather short ; merus-joints trigonous, with the anterior margins dentated ; carpus with a strong lobe or toath on the inner margin; palm short, granulated above; dactyli denticulated on the inner margin and excavated at the distal extremity. Ambulatory legs large and robust, with the merus- joints dilated and compressed ; dactyli strongly spinulose. | There are probably but two distinct species of this long-known genus, to one or other of which many of the forms briefly characterised by M. H. Milne Edwards and other ‘authors are to be referred as synonymous, or at most, as varieties. Grapsus maculatus (Catesby). Common on all the warmer temperate and tropical coasts and islands both of the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic regions. Grapsus trigosus (Herbst). Common on the shores and islands of the Indo- Pacific region.’ | Grapsus maculatus (Catesby). Pagurus maculatus, Catesby, Nat. Hist. of the Carolinas, vol. ii. p. 36, pl. xxxvi. fig. 1, 1743 and 1771. Cancer grapsus, Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. xii, p. 1048, 1766. Grapsus pictus, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., vol. vi. p. 69, pl. xlvii fig. 2, 1803-1804. » » Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 86, 1837; Crust. in Cuvier, Régne Animal, ed. 3, pl. xxii. fig. 1. 5 3 maculatus, Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. xx. p. 167, pl. vi. fig. 1, 1853. ‘3 ss Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p.. 192, 1880, et synonyma (?). . pictus, var. ocellatus, Studer, Abhandl. d. ‘k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, Abh. ii, p. 14, 1882, | Of this common and widely distributed species, specimens are in the collection from the following localities:—Bermuda, an adult male (in spirits), and an adult male and 1 Grapsus gracilipes, Milne Edwards, is retained as distinct by Kingsley, but is regarded by M. de Man as a variety of Grapsus maculatus. Grapsus simplex, Herklots, referred to by de Man, may be a distinct species. 256 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.8. CHALLENGER. female in imperfect condition (preserved dry); St. Paul’s Rocks, August 1873 (a good series of specimens); St. Michael’s, Fernando Noronha, on the rocks, September 1873 (two males and two females); Ascension Island, on the shore (a small male); and St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands, July 1873 (two females and two young males). Grapsus maculatus, as has been repeatedly observed, varies much in the coloration of the carapace and limbs. The specimens in the Challenger series from Bermuda and St. Paul’s Rocks, which are the largest and best preserved in the collection, nearly resemble in colour the excellent figure given by M. H. Milne Edwards in the large illustrated edition of the Regne Animal de Cuvier, which is reproduced, uncoloured, in his mono- graph of the group in the Ann. d. Sci. Nat. (tom. cit.), and which may, I presume, be regarded as typical of the species. To this (the typical) variety also probably belong the specimens from Fernando Noronha and Ascension Island. The specimens from the Cape Verde Islands are perhaps referable to the variety described by M. Milne Edwards as Grapsus webbi, in which the spots of the carapace are smaller and more numerous, but the two are connected by imperceptible gradations. The variety designated by Studer, Grapsus pictus, var. ocellatus, ought not to be separated, I think, from the typical form. Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, about .. : : : es : 30 63°5 Breadth of carapace, . : ; 5 : : 33 70 Grapsus strigosus (Herbst). Cancer strigosus, Herbst, Naturgesch. der Krabben u. Krebse, vol. iii, Heft 1, p. 55, pl. xlvii. fig 7, 1792. Goniopsis flavipes, MacLeay, in Smith, Ilustr. Zool., South Africa, p. 66, 1838. Grapsus strigosus, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., vol. vi. p. 70, 1803-1804. 5 . Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 87, 1837; Ann. d. Sci. Nat., tom. cit., p. 169, 1853. 2 3 A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol, ix. p. 286, 1873. aan &, Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 194, 1880, et synonyma. Arrou Islands (a small female). The front is transversely wider and less abruptly deflexed ; the postfrontal lobes less prominent, and the epistoma is wider and shorter in this species than in Grapsus maculatus. The Challenger specimen is a small one and faded, presenting but slight traces of the original coloration. oy Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, . ; ; ! ; ; 10 2 Breadth of carapace, about . ; : , 103 225 REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 257 Leptograpsus, Milne Edwards. Leptograpsus, Milne Edwards (pt.), Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. xx. p. 171, 1853. Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 101, 1858. Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 196, 1880. ” 9 This genus, as restricted by Stimpson and Mr. Kingsley, is very nearly allied to Grapsus, but distinguished as follows :—The front is nearly horizontal, but very sheghtly deflexed, and the postfrontal or protogastric lobes of the carapace are but very obscurely developed. There are two teeth behind the exterior orbital tooth on the lateral margins, which are arcuated as in Grapsus. The basal antennal joint is broader, and the lobe at the antero-external angle fully reaches the apex of the interior subocular lobe of the orbit, which is shorter than in Grapsus; the exterior maxillipedes (the merus-joints of the endognaths especially) are broader than in that genus. I doubt the advisability of regarding Leptograpsus as a distinct genus; as restricted above, it will contain only the following species :— Leptograpsus variegatus (Fabricius). Australian Coasts; Norfolk Island; New Zealand ; Marianne Islands; Shanghai; Chili; St. Ambrose Islands; Juan Fernandez ; Pernambuco; and perhaps the Canary Islands (Milne Edwards, as Leptograpsus berthelotz).’ Leptograpsus variegatus (Fabricius). Cancer variegatus, Fabricius, Entom. Syst. Suppl., vol. 2, p. 450, 1793. Grapsus variegatus, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., vol. vi. p. 71, 1803-1804. = 7 Guérin, Icon. du Régne Animal, Crust., pl. vi. fig. 1. ys 3 Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 87, 1837. Leptograpsus variegatus, Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., tom. cit., p. 171, 1853. x 5 Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 196, 1880, et synonyma (1). Valparaiso, on the shore (an adult female). Adult 9°. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, . ; ; : ; : 194 41 Breadth of carapace, : A : : ‘ : 22 46°5 Metopograpsus, Milne Edwards. Metopograpsus, Milne Edwards (§ 1), Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. xx. p. 164, 1853. 2 Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 190, 1880. Carapace depressed, subtrapezoidal, broader than long, with the antero-lateral margins straight or nearly straight, entire or unidentated, and slightly convergent to the posterior 1 Grapsus inornatus, Hess, from Sydney, may belong to this genus, but, on account of the long curved dactyli, I think it more probably belongs to Cyrtograpsus or Pseudograpsus. (ZOOL, CHALL, EXP.—PART XLIx.—1886.) Cee 33 258 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S8. CHALLENGER. margins. The dorsal surface plicated only on the lateral margins. Front very broad, deflexed, with the anterior margin straight or slightly sinuated. Orbits small, with the interior subocular lobe usually very broad, reaching the front, and completely excluding . the antenne from the orbit. Epistoma very short, almost linear-transverse. Endostome with the longitudinal ridges usually (but not invariably) distinctly developed. Post- abdomen (in the male) distinctly seven-jointed, and covering the whole width of the sternum at the base. Eye-peduncles short, robust. Antennules transversely plicated in short, wide fossettes. Antenne with the basal joint very short, completely excluded from the orbit, and more or less produced at its antero-external angle; flagellum short. Exterior maxillipedes with a rhomboidal gape; the merus-joints short, and broader than in Grapsus, distally truncated, and bearing the next joint at their summits, near the antero-external angle. Chelipedes subequal, and moderately developed, with the merus- joints trigonous and their anterior margins distally dentated; palms somewhat turgid, rounded above and below; fingers excavated at the distal extremity. Ambulatory legs of moderate length, with the merus-joints dilated and compressed, their anterior margins with a subterminal spine, and their posterior margins with several spines at the distal extremity; the dactyli rather short and spinuliferous. This genus is distinguished from Pachygrapsus, its nearest ally; by the less convex carapace, which is usually less distinctly plicated on the dorsal surface, and by the great development of the interior subocular lobe of the orbit. The species, which with their synonyms have been enumerated by Mr. Kingsley, are apparently confined to the Indo- Pacific region. Metopograpsus messor (Forskal). Cancer messor, Forskal, Descript. animalium que in itinere orientali observavit, P. Forsk&l, p- 88, 1775. Grapsus gaimardit, Audouin, Explic. des planches in Savigny, Descr. de Egypte, Crust. Atlas, pl. i. fig. 3. 4 messor, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 88, 1837. Metopograpsus messor, Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., tom. cit., p. 165, 1853. 3 Kingsley, tom. cit., p. 190, 1880, ah dethccntes to synonyma. Crines (Pachygrapsus) xthiopicus, Hilkeriort Crust. in Van der Decken, Reise in Ost-Afrika, vol. iii, p. 88, pl. iv. fig. 2, 1869; teste, Hilgendorf, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 808, ‘187 8. Metopograpsus messor, var. frontalis, Miers. Metopograpsus messor, var. frontalis, Miers, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. v. p. 311, 1880. | Kandavu, Fiji (a small male); Tahiti, near the reefs (two males and two females) ; Papiete, Tahiti, in brackish water at the mouth of a stream (several specimens, mostly females) ; Sandwich Islands, Hilo, on the beach (several males and females), REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 259 The specimens collected show considerable variation in the coloration and markings of the carapace. Adult ¢. . Lines. Millims, Length of carapace, about . ; : ; : i 103 22°5 Breadth of carapace, nearly . : : : : 13 27 Pachygrapsus, Randall. Pachygrapsus, Randall, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., vol. vii. p. 126, 1839. ro Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. xx. p. 166, 1853. 4: Kingsley (pt.), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 198, 1880. This genus in all of its characters is very nearly allied to Metopograpsus, but is distinguished by the somewhat more convex carapace, which is usually very distinctly plicated over the whole of the dorsal surface, and by the lesser development of the interior subocular lobe of the orbit, which does not reach the front, so that the produced antero- external lobe of the basal antennal joint usually enters slightly within the orbital hiatus. The species are widely distributed over the warmer, temperate, and tropical shores and islands, both of the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic regions. ‘The single species occurring in the Challenger collection has (as the specimens collected show) a very extended geographical range.. For further details upon the distribution of this genus I may refer to Mr. Kingsley’s memoir." Pachygrapsus transversus, Gibbes. Pachygrapsus transversus, Gibbes, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., p. 181, 1850. ( - Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 199, 1880, where references to synonyma. Goniograpsus innotatus, Dana, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 249, 1851; U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii., Crust., p. 345, pl. xxi. fig. 9, 1852. Bermuda, on the shore (an adult male and two females); St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands, July 1873 (four males, of which two are adult, and a young female); Australia, Port Jackson, Sow and Pig’s Bank, in 6 fathoms (an adult male). I can see no distinctions of specific importance in the specimens from these widely- distant localities.’ 1] would suggest here, that the genus Goniograpsus, Dana, which is not retained as distinct either by Stimpson or Kingsley, may be conveniently restricted to and used as a generic designation for the Mediterranean Pachygrapsus marmoratus, and (probably) the Chilian Pachygrapsus pubescens, Heller, and Pachygrapsus: latipes, in which the carapace has two teeth behind the tooth at the exterior orbital angle. Goniograpsus marmoratus, which is the only one of these species I have examined, is further distinguished from the typical Pachygrapsi by the nearly horizontal front and smoother quadrate carapace. 2 It is very probable that this species may be identical with the earlier described Pachygrapsus maurus (Lucas), from the Mediterranean, but as I have examined no Mediterranean examples of the genus, I do not venture to unite the two forms. Of the numerous synonymical citations admitted by Kingsley, there are one or two which I have not personally verified. 260 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. An adult male from Port Jackson measures :— Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, . ‘ ; , : : : 6 13 Breadth of carapace, nearly, . : ‘ ; ; 83 17°5 Geograpsus, Stimpson. Geograpsus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 101, 1858. in Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 195, 1880. Discoplax, A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, ser. 4, vol. vil. p. 284, 1867; Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. ix. p. 293, 1873. Orthograpsus, Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad, p. 194, 1880. This genus is allied to Leptograpsus and to Pachygrapsus, but is distinguished from both by the form of the carapace, which is depressed, plicated only near the lateral margins, with the antero-lateral margins straight or arcuated only at the hepatic regions, posteriorly nearly straight; they are armed with a single tooth behind the exterior orbital tooth. Front of moderate width and deflexed. The orbits, epistoma, buccal cavity, post-abdomen, and eye-peduncles present nothing remarkable. The basal antennal joint is short and but slightly produced at its antero-external angle. As in Grapsus, the endognathi of the exterior maxillipedes are narrow; the merus-joints, in particular, slender and elongated, distally truncated, and bearing the next joint at or near the antero-external angle. The chelipedes and ambulatory legs resemble those of Lepto- grapsus and Pachygrapsus, but the fingers of the palms of the chelipedes are acute or subacute, not excavated at the distal extremities. The species occur both in the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic regions, and are all, I believe, littoral or shallow-water forms. The genus Discoplax is united by Kingsley with Geograpsus, but may prove to be distinct in the figure of the type (Discoplax longipes, A. Milne Edwards), the carapace is represented as strongly arcuated and granulated anteriorly, and the merus of the exterior maxillipedes is shorter and broader than in the typical G'eograpsi. The species of Geograpsus as restricted above are :— Geograpsus lindus, Milne Edwards (=Geograpsus brevipes, Milne Edwards; Geograpsus occidentalis, Stimpson). West Indies; California; Chili. Geograpsus crinipes, Dana (=Geograpsus depressus, Heller, fide Kingsley). Polynesian Islands. : Geograpsus longitarsis (Dana). Paumotu Archipelago. Geograpsus gray, Milne Edwards (=Geograpsus rubidus, Stimpson). Indo- Pacific Region. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 261 Geograpsus eydouxi (Milne Edwards). Chili. (This species is regarded by Kingsley as identical with Pachygrapsus crassypes, Randall, but I believe its true place to be in the genus Geograpsus, since Milne Edwards says of the chelipedes “‘ pinces aigiies.”) Geograpsus (?) longipes (A. Milne Edwards). New Caledonia. Geograpsus hillii (Kingsley). West Indies ; Florida. Geograpsus grayi* (Milne Edwards). Grapsus grayi, Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., tom. cit., p. 170, 1853. Geograpsus gray, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. ix. p. 288, pl. xvi. fig, 1, 1873. “y » Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 196, 1880, et synonyma. Fiji Islands, Kandavu (two small males). ae Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, about . : 4 ; : ; 7 15 Breadth of carapace, about. : : : : : 8 17 Pseudograpsus, Milne Edwards. Pseudograpsus (pt.), Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i. p. 81, 1837; Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. xx. p. 191, 1853. sf A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. iv. p. 176, 1868. 5 Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 204, 1880. Carapace subquadrate, depressed or nearly flat on the dorsal surface, with the antero- lateral margins arcuated and dentated; the branchial regions not defined as in Varuna ; in the middle of the carapace is an H-shaped impression formed by part of the cervical and cardiaco-branchial sutures; the epigrastic lobes are well-defined; the front is but slightly deflexed, and its anterior margin is sinuated or nearly straight. Orbits small, with the interior subocular lobe acute or subacute. Epistoma very short and widely transverse. Buccal cavity large; the ridges of the endostome or palate not very distinct. Post-abdomen of the male distinctly seven-jointed ; the basal segments do not cover the whole width of the sternum, between the coxe of the fifth ambulatory legs. EHye- peduncles short. Antennules transversely plicated. Antennze with the basal joint short ‘and not markedly dilated at the antero-external angle, it sometimes does not reach the infero-lateral frontal process. Exterior maxillipedes with the exognath much dilated, as broad or nearly as broad as the ischium of the endognath ; the merus of the endognath 1 It is possible, as Mr. Kingsley has pointed out, that the species described by Dana as Grapsus crinipes is identical with Geoyrapsus gray, and if so, his name having priority, must be used for the species, but I prefer to refer to it for the present under the designation which has been more generally adopted for it, since Dana’s description is somewhat insuffi- cient, and may belong to a species of Pachygrapsus. 262 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. is much enlarged, with the antero-external angle much produced and rounded; the next joint is articulated at or near the middle of the distal margin of the merus. The: chelipedes (in the male) are often considerably developed; the merus is trigonous; carpus without a spine on its interior margin ; palm sometimes compressed but not flattened or concave, on the exterior surface, and usually with a lanate patch of hair on the exterior surface at the base of the fingers, which are distally acute or subacute. Ambulatory legs with the joints not dilated; dactyli styliform, without marginal spines. Thus characterised the genus Pseudograpsus is nearly allied to Varuna (see below), and to a genus represented by two or three species in the collection of the British (Natural History) Museum, which I identify, somewhat doubtfully, with Ptychognathus, Stimpson (Gnathograpsus, A. Milne Edwards), and which ig distinguished from Pseudo- grapsus by the flatter carapace, with nearly horizontal front, and without distinct epigrastic lobes, and the enormous development of the exognathi of the exterior maxilli- pedes. Another genus, represented by a single species from the Fiji Islands and New Hebrides in the collection of the museum, which I will designate Macrograpsus, is characterised by the form of the palms and dactyli of the chelipedes in the male, which are greatly dilated and flattened on their exterior surfaces. The species may be desig- nated Macrograpsus orientalis. The species of Pseudograpsus have been enumerated by Mr. Kingsley.’ The genera Celochirus, Nauck, and Pachystomum, Nauck (Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., vol. xxxiv. pp. 66, 67, 1880), based on types from the Philippines, and which are allied to Pseudograpsus, are too briefly described for certain identification with any of the above-mentioned genera.. Pseudograpsus albus, Stimpson. - Pseudograpsus albus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 104, 1858. 4 » subverrucatus, White, List Crust. Brit. Mus. p. 34, 1847; descript. nulla. Kinahan, Journ. Roy. Dublin Soc., vol. i. p. 123, 1858. ” 33 9 39 New South Wales, Botany Bay (beach). A good series of specimens. Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, , “ : : , 5 8 Ly Breadth of carapace, nearly i ; ; ; ; (! 14 Subfamily 3. HyMENOSOMINA. flymenosoma, Leach. Hymenosoma, Leach (ined. ?), Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust., p. 163, 1825. Ee Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 35, 1837; Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. xx. p. 222, 1853. Carapace dorsally flattened, and rounded on the posterior and lateral margins, which are defined by a granulated line or ridge, which is not dentated, as in Halcarcinus; beneath this line the carapace usually slopes outwards obliquely to the bases of the ambulatory legs. The front is simple, triangulate, and nearly horizontal; the hepatic region is tuberculated. There is a distinct postocular spine or tooth. Scarcely any trace exists of an epistoma, or of longitudinal ridges on the endostome. The post- abdomen of the male is very narrow, and is six-jointed, and its base barely occupies the whole width of the sternum between the last ambulatory legs; the sternum is large and circular. The eye-peduncles are short; the antennulary fossettes are not separated from the orbits; the antenne are somewhat elongated, and their basal joint is very short. The exterior maxillipedes are not arcuated, and have the ischium and merus-joints well developed, the merus usually obliquely truncated, and bearing the following joint near its antero-external angle, at the distal extremity. The chelipedes in the adult male are 280 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. subequal and rather slender, with the merus (in the species I have examined) short and rounded, or obscurely trigonous; carpus without a spine or tooth on the inner margin; palm small, compressed; fingers straight and distally acute. Ambulatory legs very slender and of moderate length; dactyli nearly straight and as long as or longer than the penultimate joints. Two of the described species of this genus (which are possibly not distinct the one from the other) Hymenosoma orbiculare, Latreille, and Hymenosoma geometricum, Stimpson, occur at the Cape of Good Hope in rather shallow water; a third species, referred by Milne Edwards to this genus, Hymenosoma gaudichaudu, Guérin-Ménéville, occurs on the Australian coasts.’ Fymenosoma orbiculare, Desmarest. Hymenosoma orbiculare, Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust., p. 163, pl. xxvi. fig. 1, 1825. a i Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 36, 1837; Crust. in Cuvier, Régne Anim., ed. 3, Atlas, pl. xxxv. fig. 1; Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. xx. p. 222, 1853. Leachium orbiculare, Macleay, fayeres in Smith, Zool. South Africa, p. 68, 1849. Hymenosoma geometricum, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 108, 1858, var. (?) Numerous specimens were collected in Simon’s Bay, South Africa, in 5 to 20 fathoms (mostly of small size). The largest male in the series has the following dimensions :— Lines. Millims, Length of carapace, . “A : : : 5} 11°5 Greatest breadth of carapace, nthe over : i , ; 5 1] Length of a chelipede, p : ; ‘ : 6 12°5 Length of second ambulatory leg, Lites over : , : 10 21:5 Halicarcinus, White. Halicarcinus, White, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, vol. xvii p. 178, 1846. 3 Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, Zool., vol. xx. p. 222, 1853. Liriopea, Nicolet, in Gay, Hist. de Chile, Zool., vol. ii, Crust., p. 160, pl. i. fig. 1, 1849. This genus is very nearly allied to the preceding (Hymenosoma), but the typical species may be distinguished by the following characters :—The carapace is more transverse and rounded, less distinctly triangulate. The front is distinctly trilobated. The epistoma is transverse and distinctly developed. The basal segment of the post-abdomen in the male occupies the whole width of the sternum, between the bases of the fifth ambulatory legs. The exterior maxillipedes (in the typical species at least) are more robust, the ischium 1 Mr. W. A. Haswell, in his recent Catalogue of the Australian Crustacea, would unite with Hymenosoma all the species referred by authors to Hymenicus, Dana, and Halicarcinus, White. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 281 and merus-joints broader and shorter. The chelipedes and ambulatory legs resemble those of Hymenosoma but the chelipedes are more robust and more strongly developed, with the palms more turgid, and the dactyli of the ambulatory legs are more distinctly falcated. The following forms seem to be referable to this genus, which is distinguishable from Hymenosoma and Hymenicus by the distinctly trilobated front, whose lobes are separated to the base :— ! Halicarcinus planatus. Common throughout the whole Antarctic Region. Halicarcinus ovatus, Stimpson. The representative on the Australian Coasts of Halicarcinus planatus. FHalicarcinus leachii, Nicolet. Chili. Halicarcinus lucasii, Nicolet. Chili. Halicarcinus planatus (Fabricius). Cancer planatus, Fabricius, Entom. Syst., vol. i. p. 446, 1793. Halicarcinus planatus, White, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xvii. p. 178, pl. i. fig. 1, 1845. - oH Milne Edwards, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, vol. xx. p. 222, 1853. ¥ A Miers, Phil. Trans., vol. elxviil. p. 201, 1879, et synonyma. Hymenosoma planatum, Haswell, Cat. Australian Crust., p. 114, 1882. Specimens of this common and widely distributed inhabitant of the Antarctic or Austral region, and which is the only Brachyurous Decapod proper to that wide area of distribution, occurred at the following localities :— Between the Cape of Good Hope and Kerguelen (near Marion Island) on December 26, 1873, in 50 to 75 fathoms (an adult female); off Prince Edward Island, 85 to 150 fathoms (an adult female); at Kerguelen Island, in rock-pools (a male and a female) ; New Zealand, Cape Campbell (an adult male, from the Wellington Museum); Falkland Islands, 4 fathoms, in lat. 51° 32° 0” 8., long. 58° 6’ 0” W., Station 316 (five males and females); Port William (an adult male), One of the specimens from the Falkland Islands (Station 316) has the carapace somewhat more hairy and convex than is usual in the species. An adult male measures as follows :— Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, about , ; : ; ‘ ‘ 5 11 Breadth of carapace, about : : : : : : 64 13°5 (ZOOL, CHALL, EXP,—PART XLIX.—1886.) Cee 36 282 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Halicarcinus ovatus, Stimpson: Halicarcinus ovatus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 109, 1858; Targioni-Tozetti, Crostacei brachiuri e anomouri del viaggio della “ Magenta,” p. 173, pl. x. fig. 5, a-d; pl. xi. figs. 3, 3a, 1877. An adult, but small female was obtained off the South Australian Coast, in 2 to 10 fathoms, in April 1874, and two young specimens off the entrance to Port Philip, in 33 fathoms (Station 161). This species, which I formerly regarded as synonymous with Halicarcinus planatus,' can apparently always be distinguished by the more triangulate form of the carapace and the flattened triangulate frontal teeth, which are closely approximated at their bases. The species, so far as I am aware, does not occur elsewhere than in the Australian Seas. Adult 9. Lines, Millims. Length of carapace, 5 , : 5 : : 24 5 Breadth of carapace, nearly 3 6 > OXYSTOMATA or LEUCOSIIDEA. Orbiculata, Latreille (pt.), Fam. Nat., -p. 271, 1825. Oxystomes, Milne Edwards (pt.), Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i. p. 265, 1834; vol. ii | p. 96, 1837. f; Leucosoidea vel Oxystomata, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii., Crust. 1, pp. 68, 389, 1825. Oxystomata, Miers, Cat. New Zeal. Crust., p. 54, 1876. Family I. CALAPPID &. Calappiens (pt.), Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 100, 1837. Calappidx, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii., Crust. 1, p. 390, 1852. Miers, Cat. New Zeal. Crust., p. 54, 1876. ) Afferent canals to the branchiz opening behind the pterygostomian regions, and in front of the chelipedes ; the carpal and following joints of the merus of the endognath of the exterior maxillipedes are not wholly concealed by the merus-joint. (The intro- mittent sexual organs in the male are exserted from the bases of the legs of the fifth pair.) * Cat. New Zeal. Crust., p. 49, 1876. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 283 Subfamily 1. CALAPPINz. Calappine, Dana, tom. cit., p. 390, 1852. The eight posterior lees are gressorial, not natatorial, z.e., the dactyli not dilated and expanded. The genera referred to this subfamily are :—Camara, de Haan; Calappa, Fabricius (=Lophos, de Haan, subgenus; Gallus, de Haan, subgenus); Paracyclois, n. gen.; Mursia, Desmarest (= Thealia, Lucas); Cryptosoma, Brullé (=Cycloés, de Haan); Platymera, Milne Edwards ; Acanthocarpus, Stimpson. Subfamily 2. ORITHYIN. Orithyine, Dana, tom. cit., p. 391, 1852. The eight posterior legs are natatorial, 7.e., with the dactyli more or less dilated and compressed, those of the fifth pair lanceolate, ovate. ; Genus :—Orithyia, Fabricius. This subfamily is not represented in the Challenger collection. Calappa, Fabricius. Calappa, Fabricius, Entom. Syst. Suppl., p. 345, 1798. Ls Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i. p. 102, 1837. Lophos, de Haan, subgenus, Crust. in v. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, decas ili. p. 69, 1837. Gallus, de Haan, subgenus, tom. cit., p. 70, 1837. Carapace very convex and tuberculated, rounded in front, with the antero-lateral margins regularly arcuated and granulated or toothed; and the postero-lateral margins prolonged into two large rounded wings or clypeiform expansions, which partly cover the ambulatory legs, but are not developed to so great a degree as in Camara, de Haan, and are dentated on the margins, not entire, as in that genus. The front is very small, triangulate or concave in the median line. Orbits very small, circular. The post- abdomen (in the male) covers the sternum at the base, between the bases of the fifth ambulatory legs, and is usually five-joimted. Hye-peduncles short, robust. Antennules. nearly vertically plicated. Antennee with the basal joint usually more or less dilated, and occupying the wide inferior hiatus of the orbit; flagellum short. The exterior maxillipedes do not entirely cover the buccal cavity (which is narrowed and prolonged in its anterior part, and divided by.a median septum); their ischium-joint is not produced at its antero-internal angle ; the merus is subacute or distally truncated, and emarginate at the antero-internal angle, where the next joint is articulated. The chelipedes are equal and very large, and can be closely applied to the body ; merus and carpus trigonous, palm vertically very deep, and laterally compressed, and armed above with a strongly dentated crest ; the fingers of the right and left chelipedes are usually somewhat dissimilar, and are acute at the distal extremity. Ambulatory legs slender and of moderate length, with the dactyli styliform. 984 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. The species are rarely found in deep water. The following are species of this genus which have been described since the publica- tion of Milne Edwards’s work in 1837. Calappa conveaa, Saussure (= Calappa xantusiana, Stimpson). West Coast of Mexico; California. (This species is the western representative of, or perhaps identical with, Calappa gallus). | Calappa rubroguttata, Herklots (= Calappa bocagei, B. Capello). West Africa. Calappa pelii, Herklots. West Africa. Calappa guérini, B. Capello. India, Yanaou. Calappa moniziana, B. Capello. Cape of Good Hope. Calappa angustata, A. Milne Edwards. West Indian Seas (to 115 fathoms). Calappa depressa, nu. sp. South Australia. I have described a new variety of Calappa. gallus (var. bicornis) from the Providence Islands and Indian Ocean. M. de Haan also refers to a species, Calappa gallina (Herbst), not mentioned by Milne Edwards. | Calappa flammea (Herbst) (Pl. XXIII. fig. 1). ? Cancer flammea, Herbst, Naturgesch. der Krabben u. Krebse, vol. ii. p. 161, pl. xl. fig. 2, 1793. Calappa jflammea, Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i. p. 185 (?). 3 ‘3 White, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 44, 1847. » marmorata, Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust., p. 109, 1825 (?). 4s + Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 104, 1837. . 4 Gibbes, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., p. 183, 1850. a 4 Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 402, 1879 ; not Calappa mar- morata, Fabricius, » granulata, de Haan, Crust. in v. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, dec. iii. p. 70, 1837; not Cancer granulatus, Linneus (type) (‘). An adult female and two smaller females are in the collection from Bermuda, and an adult male labelled as from Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope, 10 to 20 fathoms.* Adult ¢?. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, 4 : ; ‘ .; 40 84:5 Breadth of carapace, : : ; ; : ; 584 124 The adult male from the Cape is rather smaller. 1 Herbst’s name is cited by Milne Edwards for this species, and must be adopted, as having priority, if the quotation be correct, but it is possible that Herbst’s species is not identical with this Atlantic and South African form. The brief description, however, and rude figure apply fairly well. In the adult female in the Challenger collection, from Bermuda, the faint brownish-pink markings on the carapace are scarcely reticulated; in the smaller specimens from Bermuda, and in the large male from the Cape of Good Hope, they are almost entirely absent; in an adult male from St. Croix, they form more distinct but still irregular reticulations, but in one from the collection of the late General Hardwicke, and presumably from the Indian Ocean, the reticulations on the anterior half of the carapace are very regular and distinct. Except in coloration the specimens from these widely distant localities do not present any marked distinctions. Herbst gives “ Ostindien” as the habitat of his type. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 285 Calappa hepatica (Linné). Cancer hepaticus, Linné, Mus, Lud. Ulrici, p. 448, 1764; Syst. Nat., ed. xii. p. 1048, 1766. ,, tuberculatus, Herbst, Naturgesch. der Krabben u. Krebse, vol. i. p. 204, pl. xiii. fig. 78, 1790. Calappa tuberculata, Fabricius, Entom. Syst. Suppl., p. 345, 1798. Guérin, Icon. du Régne Animal, Altas, Crust., pl. xii. fig. 2. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 106, 1837. Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii,, Crust., p. 393, 1852. - i A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. x. p. 55, 1874. hepatica, de Haan, Crust. in v. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, dee. iii. p. 70, 1837. White, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 44, 1847. Miers, Cat. New Zealand Crust., p. 55, 1876. 5 a Haswell, Cat. Australian Crust., p. 136, 1882. sandwichien, Eydoux and Souleyet, Crust. in Voy. de la ‘‘ Bonite,” Atlas, pl. iii. fig. 10, 1841-1852. ? ” ” 9) r 39 9? ”? ”? ” 9 39 Specimens of this common and widely distributed species are in the collection from Tongatabu, reefs (an adult male); Amboina, 10 fathoms (an adult female); and Honolulu, reefs (an adult male and female). , The largest example (female from Honolulu) measures as follows:— Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, about, . : : : ; : 203 43°5 Breadth of carapace, about . , ; ; : 33 70 Calappa granulata (Linné). Cancer granulatus, Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. xii. p. 1043, 1766, type, not synonym. ee Herbst, Naturgesch. der Krabben u. Krebse, vol. i. p. 200, pl. xii. figs. 75, 76, 1782. Callappa granulata, Fabricius, Entom. Syst. Suppl., p. 346, 1798. Re 3 Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins. vol. v. p. 392, pl. xliii. figs 1, 2, 1803-1804, after Herbst. 3 - Risso, Hist. Nat. de ’?Europe méridionale, vol. v. p. 30, 1826. Rf Roux, Crust. de la Mediterranée, pls. ii. and xvi. 1828-1830. , Se Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 103, 1837; Crust. in Cuvier, Régne Animal, ed. 3, pl. xxxviii. fig. 1. = Heller, Crust. des siidlichen Europa, p. 130, pl. iv. fig. 3, 1863. Cancer PSR EE oN Herbst, op. cit., vol. iii. pp. 20, 48, 1803, var. (?). Callappa sanguineo-guttata, de Haan, Gras in v. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, dec. iii. p. 70, 1837, var. (2). Two small and immature specimens dredged off Fayal, in 50 to 90 fathoms, are referred to this species. They scarcely differ from adult examples except in the more distinct tuberculation of the carapace. The colour is a nearly uniform yellowish-white. Young. Lines. Millims, Length of carapace, about ‘ : ; : ; ' 7 15 Breadth of carapace at lateral expansions, ; : : 8 17 Length of a chelipede, about . ; F ; : ; 8 17 286 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Calappa gallus (Herbst). Cancer gallus, Herbst, Naturgesch. der Krabben u. Krebse, vol. ii. p. 46, pl. lvii. fig. 1, 1803. Calappa gallus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 105, 1837. ‘3 » Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii., Crust., p. 393, 1852. 53 » F. de B. Capello, Journ. de Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, vol. iii. p. 133, pl. ii. fig. 4, 1871. Gallus gallus, de Haan, Crust. in v. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, p. 70, 1837. Oalappa galloides, Stimpson, Ann. Lye, Nat. Hist. New York, vol. vii. p. 71, 1859, var. Bermuda, April 1878 (an adult female) ; Cape Verde Islands, St. Vincent, July 1873 (an adult male of large size). Adult 3. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, . : ; ; , : E 274 58°5 Breadth of carapace, : ; : ; Anke F 404 855 Two very small and young specimens, dredged at the island of Fernando Noronha, in 7 to 20 fathoms, in September 1872, may perhaps belong to this species, but are too small for certain identification, the length of the carapace of the largest being only four lines (8°5 mm.). To Calappa gallus, also, must, I think, be referred a small male dredged at Amboina in 15 to 25 fathoms, in October 1874, length of carapace nearly 5 lines (10 mm.), and breadth at lateral expansions 54 lines (11°5 mm.), which has the carapace covered with smoother, more regularly disposed, rounded bosses or tubercles. Specimens of the same variety are in the collection of the British (Natural History) Museum from the Philippines (Cuming) and Oriental Seas (H.M.S. ““Samarang”). The rostrum is not deeply notched as in the variety becornis, Miers. | Calappa lophos (Herbst). Cancer lophos, Herbst, Naturgesch. der Krabben u. Krebse, vol. i. (Heft. 1), p. 201, pl. xiii. fig. 77, 1782. Calappa lophos, Fabricius, Entom. Syst. Suppl., p. 346, 1798. bs », Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 104, 1837. " » White, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 45, 1847. Lophos lophos, de Haan, Crust. inv. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, dee. ili. p. 72, pl. xx. fig. 1, 1837. Off Port Jackson, June 3, 1874, in 30 to 35 fathoms (a very small male). Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, rather over : 4 3 de Breadth of carapace, . : ; : : ; : 34 75 This specimen is very doubtfully referred to Calappa lophos, on account of its very small size. The carapace is distinctly tuberculated (as in some varieties of Calappa lophos), but is not granulated and depressed as in Calappa depressa. Scarcely any | REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 287 traces exist of the tubercles on the outer surface of the palms of the chelipedes, which are discernible in specimens of Calappa lophos of larger size but not fully grown. Calappa depressa, n. sp. (Pl. XXIII. fig. 2). Carapace much more depressed than is usual in the venus and comparatively narrow in proportion to its length; its surface is tuberculated and finely granulated. Of the tubercles (which are not large), there is a longitudinal median series on the gastric and cardiac regions, and several on either side of this series on the hepatic and front of the branchial regions ; the postfrontal region is nearly smooth; the lateral clypeiform pro- longations of the carapace are little developed, and are covered above with transverse, granulated, piliferous lines. The front projects but little, and is divided by a deep median notch. ‘The antero-lateral margins of the carapace are very obscurely toothed ; its clypeiform prolongations are armed on the sides with distant serratures and are posteriorly entire, as is also the posterior margin of the carapace. The ridge upon the pterygostomian region is marked by a notch or fissure, where it unites with the inferior wall of the orbit. All the post-abdominal segments (in the male) are distinct; the penultimate and terminal segments are the longest, the terminal longer than the penultimate segment, triangulate, and distally acute ; the anterior margin of the third seoment is a little broader than the base of the following (fourth) segment. The eye- peduncles are slender and elongated. The orbits, antenne, and outer maxillipedes are very similar to the same parts in Calappa lophos (Herbst). The chelipedes also nearly resemble those of Calappa lophos; the merus having, as in that species, a strong transverse subdistal carina on its outer surface, which is not notched or spinose, but the carpus and the palms of the chelipedes are more granulated on their outer surface ; the dactyl, also, is granulated externally near the base, and has (as in Calappa lophos), a rounded lobe on its upper margin close to the articulation with the palm. The ambulatory legs, as in other species of the genus, are small, smooth, slender, and compressed. The colour (in spirit) is light yellowish-brown ; the lateral expansions of the carapace, outer surface of the chelipedes, and the ambulatory legs of a pinker hue; the inner surface of the palms are brownish-pink upon a yellowish ground; the coloration being disposed, in places, in wavy lines. Adult (?) 9. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, nearly. j . ; , : 9 18°5 Breadth of carapace at lateral expansions, . ; : ‘ 103 22 Length of a chelipede, ‘ ' . ‘ : é 10 21 Length of second ambulatory leg, ; : 9 19 288 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. A female, probably adult, was obtained off the South Australian Coast, in 2 to 10 fathoms, in April 1874. The nearest ally to this species with which I am acquainted is Calappa lophos (Herbst), from which Calappa depressa is distinguished by,the more depressed and tuberculated carapace, with less strongly-toothed lateral expansions, the more distinctly granulated chelipedes, &c.’ _ Young specimens of Calappa hepatica may be distinguished from Calappa depressa by their broader carapace, with less deeply emarginate front. Paracyclois, n. gen. Carapace about as long as broad, and moderately convex; front narrow and trilobated; the median lobe rounded and much broader than the lateral lobes. No lateral epi- branchial spine or tooth; the antero-lateral margins are regularly arcuated and entire ; there is in the middle of each of the postero-lateral margins a strongly spiniferous lobe (the rudiment of the postero-lateral clypeiform prolongations of the carapace which are fully developed in Calappa). The subhepatic regions of the carapace are concave ; the channel thus formed communicating with the antennary region (and thereby with the buccal cavity) by a notch situated between it and the inferior wall of the orbit. Post- abdominal segments distinct. Hye-peduncles short, robust, closely encased in the oval orbits. Antennules obliquely plicate. Antenne with a quadrate basal joint, which does not reach the frontal margin, and a very short flagellum. Outer maxillipedes with the ischium longer than broad and longer than the merus, which is distally truncated, with the antero-internal angle very distinctly notched; the following joints are exposed as in Calappa; the exognath is slender, straight, and narrows slightly to its distal extremity, which does not reach the antero-external angle of the merus of the endognath. Cheli- pedes and ambulatory legs as in Calappa and Cryptosoma, and the description of these limbs in Calappa applies to Paracyclois. This remarkable type apparently connects the genera Cryptosoma and Platymera with Calappa through such forms as Calappa (Gallus) gallus (Herbst). As in these genera the merus of the outer maxillipedes is distally truncated, and bears the next joint at its antero-internal angle, which is prolonged in the form of a lobe or tooth, but Para- cyclois is distinguished from the first two of the above mentioned genera by the absence of any lateral spine on the margin of the carapace, and the broader basal antennal joint, and from Calappa by the absence of the clypeiform prolongations of the carapace, which are represented by a slight protuberance of the postero-lateral margins in Paracyclois, which protuberance bears several strong spines, 1 There are in the British Museum collection two small specimens of this species without special indication of locality, collected in the Voyage of H.M.S. “ Samarang.” All the specimens I have examined are of small size. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 289 As in the genus Mursia, the posterior margin of the carapace bears distinct lobes or teeth; but Mursia is at once distinguished by the form of the merus of the exterior maxillipedes, and the strongly developed lateral spine of the carapace. Acanthocarpus, Stimpson,' is (as its name imports), distinguished by the extra- ordinarily developed carpal (or meral) spine of the chelipedes. Paracyclois milne-edwardsti, n. sp. (Pl. XXIV. fig. 1). The carapace is irregularly orbiculate, convex and broadest at a point situated a little in advance of the middle of the lateral margins; its dorsal surface, except on the intes- tinal region, and the postero-lateral parts of the branchial regions, is coarsely granulated and covered with low, smooth, rounded tubercles, which diminish in size towards the lateral and postero-lateral margins. The median frontal lobe is broadly rounded, with three low tubercles on its upper surface, the lateral margins of the carapace sweep round in a reoular curve to the protuberances of the postero-lateral margins, which bear four unequal spines; the lateral and postero-lateral margins, and the parts of the carapace immediately adjoining the three tubercles of the posterior margin, are granulated. The pterygostomian regions are smooth. The post-abdomen (in the female) is rather narrow, with subparallel sides; the five first segments are transverse and short (the second segment with two small lateral protuberances), the sixth segment is quadrate, and slightly broader than long; the terminal segment is triangulate, somewhat longer than broad, and distally acute. The eye-peduncles are short and thick, and granulated above, the cornese occupying a great part of their inferior surface. The quadrate basal joint of the antennee lies loosely within the orbital hiatus, the following peduncular joints are slender and very short. ‘The exterior maxillipedes have been already described; their ischium- joimts are denticulated on the inner margins, and the merus-joints are slightly concave on their exterior surface. The chelipedes and ambulatory limbs are nearly as in Calappa, e.g., Calappa gallus; as in that species the merus of the chelipedes has a subdistal crest on its outer surface, but this crest is armed with short spines (not dentated as in » Calappa gallus) ; the merus, in front of this ridge, and the carpus and palm are externally granulated, and the carpus and palm also tuberculated, and the palm dentated on its upper margin, as in Calappa gallus, but the tubercles and spines are less prominent than in that species; the granules of the lower part of the exterior surface of the palm are very numerous and regular. As in specimens of Calappa gallus I have examined, the dactyli of the chelipedes are dissimilar ; that of the left chelipede being much more slender than the right, and sinuated. The ambulatory legs are compressed, with the carpus-joints obscurely bicariated above, and the carine (in the two last pairs) granulated ; the merus in the fifth pair is denticulated on its inferior margin. Colour (in spirit) yellowish-white. 1 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. ii. p. 153, 1871. (ZOOL, CHALL, EXP.—PART XLIx.—1886.) Cee 37 290 ' THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. The unique specimen presents the following dimensions :— Adult ¢?. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, about . t : t : ; 23 49 Breadth of carapace, ’ ; ; : t ; 234 50 Length of a chelipede, about : ; ; : i 244 52 Length of first ambulatory leg, : : : : : 254 54 It was dredged north of the Admiralty Islands, in 150 fathoms, in lat. 1° 54’ 0” S., long. 146° 39’ 40” E. (Station 219). Mursia, Desmarest. Mursia, Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust., p. 108, footnote, 1825. » Latreille, Crust. in Cuvier, Régne Animal, ed. 2, p. 39, 1829. » Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 109, 1837. », Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii, Crust. 1, p. 391, 1852; not Murcia of Leach, MSS. Thealia, Lucas, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, ser. 1, vol. viii. p. 577, 1839. & Dana, tom. cit., p. 391, 1852. Carapace transverse and moderately convex, with the dorsal surface tuberculated, some of the tubercles disposed in five longitudinal series; the antero-lateral margins regularly arcuated and terminating in a well-developed lateral epibranchial spine, the postero-lateral margins straight, and without any trace of the clypeiform expansions characteristic of Calappa. Front small, with a median tubercle or tooth. Orbits with usually one or two closed fissures in the superior margin and with a wider hiatus in the inferior margin. Subhepatic channels well developed, as in Paracyclois. Post-abdomen in the male with two or three of the intermediate segments coalescent; it covers at the base the whole width of the sternum between the cox of the fifth ambulatory legs. The robust eye-peduncles fill or nearly fill the orbital cavities. The antennules are somewhat obliquely plicated. The basal antennal joint is rather slender, and occupies the interior hiatus of the orbit; the flagellum is well developed. The exterior maxillipedes (as in Calappa) do not cover the anterior part of the buccal cavity; the | ischium of the endognath is not produced at its antero-internal angle; the merus is obliquely truncated at the distal extremity, and the carpal joint is articulated at the antero-external angle of the merus, the exognath is slender and straight. The chelipedes and ambulatory legs are nearly as in Calappa, but the chelipedes are much less developed, the palm not so deep, and the merus bears one or two distal spines, not a dentated crest, on the outer surface, and the ambulatory legs are relatively longer. Besides the two species referred to below, Mursia acanthophora (Lucas) = Mursia armata, de Haan, is to be included in this genus. This species occurs in China and Japan. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 291 In the nearly allied genus Platymera, Milne Edwards, the carapace is much more transverse, and the lateral spine very greatly developed, but in this genus the merus of the exterior maxillipedes.is distally truncated, deeply notched on the inner margin, with a tooth or lobe at the antero-internal angle, above the point of articulation with the next joint, somewhat as in Cryptosoma. Mursia cristimana. Mursia mains en créte, Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust., pl. ix. fig. 3, 1825, Mursia cristata, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. i. p. 109, 1837; Crust. in Cuvier, Régne Animal, ed. 3, pl. xiii. fig. 1. ¥5 a Studer, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 15, 1882; not Murcia cristata, Leach, in Coll, Brit. Mus. “* Mursia cristimana, Latreille,” de Haan, Crust. in v. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, pp. 70, 73, 1837. + Fe Krauss, Die siid-afrikanischen Crust., p. 52, 1843. Cryptosoma orientis, Adams and White, Crust. in Zool. H.M.S. “Samarang,” p. 62, pl. xiii. fig. 4, 1848 var. (?). Cape of Good Hope, Simon’s Bay (an adult male); Sea Point, near Cape Town (an adult female); Agulhas Bank, in 150 fathoms, in lat. 35° 4° 0” 8., long. 18° 37’ 0” E., Station 142 (a male and two females). The adult male from Simon’s Bay is without chelipedes, and presents the following dimensions :— Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, , : : : 13 27°5 Breadth of carapace, at base of lateral spines, . ; , : 144 31 Length of second ambulatory leg, —. . : : ‘ 224 475 Cryptosoma orventis of Adams and White differs in nothing but in the slightly broader front, with somewhat less prominent median tooth, and the somewhat straighter posterior margin of the carapace, and is probably only a variety of Mursia cristemana. Mursia curtispina, un. sp. (Pl. XXIV. fig. 2). This new species so nearly resembles in all its characters Mursia armata, de Haan (Thealia acanthopora, Lucas), that the detailed description which follows is scarcely needed ; it is distinguished, however, by the somewhat narrower carapace, which has the antero-lateral margins more arcuated, and is armed. with proportionately shorter lateral spines, and with three very small equal tubercles on the posterior margin, in place of the two larger prominences of Mursia armata. The front also is somewhat broader, with a smaller, less prominent median cusp. The carapace, as in Mursia armata, is transverse, convex, and granulated; the 292 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.8. CHALLENGER. granules more regular and even than in that species; as in Mursia armata, its dorsal surface has five longitudinal series of larger granulated prominences, one of which is in the median line ; the antero-lateral margins are minutely granulated ; the lateral spine is short, about one-seventh the width of the carapace; the granuliform prominences of the posterior margin are scarcely larger than the granules of the antero-lateral margins. The frontal margin projects but little beyond the inner angles of the orbits and is armed with three small obtuse teeth, the median is scarcely more prominent than the lateral teeth. Asin Mursia armata, the orbits have a closed fissure in their superior margins and a deep and well-defined hiatus in the inferior margins; the inner subocular lobe of the orbit is prominent and subacute ; the subhepatic regions of the carapace are deeply channelled, as in Mursia armata. All the segments of the post-abdomen (in the female) are distinct ; the second segment is armed with a trilobate crest, as in Mursia armata, but the lobes are broader, more prominent, and entire. The eyes, antennz, and outer maxillipedes, are disposed as in Mursia armata; the chelipedes and ambulatory legs, also, are nearly as in that species, but the palms of the chelipedes are externally more regu- larly granulated; and there are three subdistal spines on the outer surface of the merus- joint; the one nearest the upper margin of this joint is very small, and is usually obsolete in Mursia armata. Colour (in spirit) yellowish-brown, inclining to pink on the cheli- pedes ; the apices of the dactyli of the ambulatory legs are brown-pink, and a patch of the same colour ornaments the inner surface of the palms of the chelipedes. Adult ¢@. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, . : F rtd } : ; 134 29 Breadth of carapace, : : : : , 16 34 Length of a chelipede, rather over . : ; : ; 19 40°5 Length of second ambulatory leg, . : : ‘ ‘ 224 47°5 coll Fiji Islands, 315 fathoms, lat. 19° 9’ 35” S., long. 179° 41’ 50” E., Station 173 (an adult female). Cryptosoma, Brullé. Cryptosoma, Brullé, Crust. in Webb et Berthelot, Hist. Nat. des Iles Canaries, p. 16, 1836-1844. 3 Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 110, 1837. Cycloes, de Haan, Crust, in v. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, p. 68, 1837. », Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii., Crust. 1, p. 391, 1852. In this genus, which is nearly allied to the preceding, the carapace is always sub- orbiculate, with the postero-lateral margins slightly concave, the front in the middle line emarginate, the lateral spine very small or reduced to a mere tubercle. The subhepatic channels are less distinctly defined. The merus of the exterior maxillipedes is produced at the antero-internal angle into a small tooth or lobe above the carpal joint, which is REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 293 articulated near the antero-internal angle. The chelipedes (as in Calappa) are strongly developed ; the ambulatory legs robust, with the joints dilated and compressed. In the nearly allied genus, Acanthocarpus, Stimpson,’ of which I have examined no specimens, the carapace as in Cryptosoma is not broader than long, and the merus of the outer maxillipedes (in the type) bears the next joint at its antero-internal angle. It is distinguished, according to the descriptions, by the extraordinarily developed carpal spine of the chelipede ; but in the figures recently published by A. Milne Edwards, this spine is represented as originating from the merus-joint, and is apparently homologous with the smaller meral spine of Mursva. Besides the species referred to below, Cryptosoma granulosum (de Haan, Cyclées), Japan, and Cryptosoma bairdi, Stimpson, California, belong to this genus. Cryptosoma cristatwm (Leach). Murcia cristata, Leach, MSS. White (Mursia), List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 45, 1847, not Mursia cristata, auctorum. Cryptosoma cristatum, Brullé, Crust. in Webb et Berthelot, Hist. Nat. des Iles Canaries, pl. i. fig. 2, 1836-1844. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 11. p. 110, 1837. re as Lucas, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, ser. 6, vol. ii., Bulletin, p. exv., 1882. dentatum, Brulle, tom. cit., p. 17, 1836-1844. 2? ” 2? PP) Cape Verdes, St. Vincent, July 1873. (Four males, adult and young, and a female.) The largest male has the following dimensions :— Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. _ Length of carapace, about 244 52°5 Breadth of carapace, about. ‘ ; : : : 254 54 Length of a chelipede, 324 68°5 The ambulatory legs are imperfect.’ Family I. Maturips&. Matutidz, Dana, U. 8. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii., Crust. 1, p. 390, 1852. Characters of Calappidee except as regards the exterior maxillipedes, whose endognath has the carpal and following joints concealed by the triangular acute merus-joint. 1 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. ii. p. 153, 1870. 2 The locality of Leach’s type is “ Africa” and not “Indian Ocean,” as stated by White, tom. cit., who substituted the latter mentioned for the original locality, both in the Register and Collection of the Museum, for what reason I know not. This species is recorded by Studer (Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 15, 1882), from Porto Praya, Cape Verde Islands, in 10 to 30 fathoms. 294. THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Subfamily 1. Hepatina. Hepatine, Stimpson; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. ii. p. 154, 1870. Carapace somewhat cancroid in form, with the antero-lateral margins arcuated, the dactyli gressorial, not natatorial. Genera :—Hepatus, Latreille; Osachila, Stimpson; Actwomorpha, Miers. This subfamily is not represented in the Challenger collection. Subfamily 2. Marourina. Carapace usually suborbiculate; the dactyli of the eight posterior legs natatorial, 7.e., with the dactyli laminated and dilated. Genus :—Matuta, Fabricius. Matuta, Fabricius. Matuta, Fabricius, Entom. Syst. Suppl., p. 369, 1798. » Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 113, 1837. » Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.), ser. 2, vol. i. p. 243, 1877. » de Man, Notes Leyden Mus., vol. iii. p. 109, 1881. L Carapace much depressed, and usually very slightly broader than long, with the antero-lateral margins slightly arcuated and irregularly dentated or tuberculated, and terminating in a strong acute lateral spine (which in Matuta imermis is reduced to a tubercle) placed at the junction of the antero-lateral and postero-lateral margins. Front narrow, about equalling the orbit in width, with a projecting median lobe, which is sometimes entire, sometimes notched. The dorsal surface is usually armed with six tubercles, placed, three in a median transverse series, one, anterior, on each side of the gastric, and one, posterior, on the cardiac region, and there is also usually a tubercle on the postero-lateral margin. The orbits are rather large, with a hiatus, communicating with an excavation on the subhepatic region, below the exterior orbital angle. Antennules nearly longitudinally plicated. Antenne very small, and placed below the enlarged basal joint of the antennules, with the flagellum obsolete. The exterior maxillipedes cover the whole of the buccal cavity; their ischium-joint is distally truncated, the merus triangulate and distally subacute, and covers the following joints; the exognath is ex- ternally arcuated and reaches but little beyond the distal extremity of the ischium of the endognath. Chelipedes subequal, robust, and closely applicable to the body, with the merus trigonous, carpus externally slightly tuberculated, palm armed with spines or tuberculated ridges, fingers distally acute, the dactyl usually with a tuberculated or striated ridge on its exterior surface. Ambulatory legs of moderate length, with the jomts compressed, the penultimate and terminal joints in all laminiform and dilated ; in the fifth legs the dactyl is oval as in the Portunide. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA, 295 The following species, besides those referred to below, are probably well established :— Section A :— Matuta lunaris (Herbst) = Matuta planipes, Fabricius (fide Hilgendorf), and Matuta rubrolineata, Miers, Matuta leneifera, Miers, var. Indian and Indo-Malaysian Seas ; Pacific Ocean ; Chefoo, Australia. Matuta circulifera, Miers. Indo-Malaysian Seas. (Regarded by M. de Man as a variety of Matuta lunaris.) Section B :— Matuta granulosa, Miers. ,Oriental Seas; Amboina. Matuta maculata, Miers. Chinese Seas; Panagatan Shoal. Matuta picta, Hess (= Matuta distinguenda, Hoffman, and Matuta iterate Miers, var. ?). Indo-Pacific Seas. Matuta victrix, Fabricius. Cancer victor, Fabricius, Species Insect., ii. (Appendix) p. 502, 1781. Matuta victor, Fabricius, Entom. Syst. Suppl, p. 369, 1798. » Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 115, pl. xx. figs, 3-6, 1837, » Hilgendorf, Monatsber d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 810, 1878. victrix, Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.), ser. 2, vol. i. pt. v. p, 243, pl. xxxix. figs. 1-8, 1877, et synonyma. - » de Man, Notes Leyden Mus., iii. p. 110, 1881. Philippine Islands, Samboangan, 10 to 20 fathoms. Two males, and an adult and a sterile female. Adult ¢. ° Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, . ‘ ; ; ; , ; Lg 40°5 Breadth of carapace, about . ‘ : ‘ : ; 204 43 Matuta victria, var. crebrepunctata, Miers. Matuta victriz, var. crebrepunctata, Miers, tom. cit., p. 244, pl. xxxix. fig. 4, 1877, not synonym. Ternate, October 15, 1874 (an adult ale) Adult ¢@. Lines. Millims. Length and breadth of carapace, about : : : : 15 31°5 Matuta banksvi, Leach. Matuta banksii, Leach, Zool. Miscell., vol. iii. p. 14, 1817 (4). e 5 Miers, tom. cit., p. 245, pl. xl. figs. 1, 2, 1877. - re de Man, zom. cit., p. 115, 1881. Samboangan, Philippine Islands, 10 fathoms (two males and a female, with Matuta vtrix). 296 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. The purple spots which cover the legs are fewer and larger than the spots on the carapace, and the penultimate joints and dactyli of the first, third, and fourth ambulatory legs are marked with a large purple blotch in the two males, but not in the female. The striations of the dactylus of the mobile finger of the chelipedes are nearly obsolete. bs Adult ¢@. Lines. Millims. Length and breadth of carapace, , : d 4 124 26°5 Matuta levidactyla, Miers. Matuta lunaris, Miers, tom. cit., p. 247, pl. xl. figs. 10, 11, 1877; nee Cancer lunaris, Herbst. » lexvidactyla, Miers, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. v. p. 316, 1880. Port Jackson, 3 fathoms (a small male). Its dimensions are as follows :— Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, ; ; : . ; 7 15 Breadth of carapace, nearly .. : : : : : 7 145 Length of a chelipede, . : d 5 : ‘ : 6 12°5 In this specimen the striated ridge of the outer surface of the dactyl of the chelipede is obsolete, and this joint is externally smooth. ‘The series of tubercles on the outer margin of. the palm is parallel (nearly) with the lower margin. The front is distinctly notched, and (the specimen being of small size) all the tubercles of the dorsal surface of the carapace are distinct. } Matuta onermis, Miers. Matuta inermis, Miers, Crust. in Rep. Zool. Coll, H.M.S. “Alert,” p. 256, pl. xxvi. fig. C, 1882. Torres Strait, 6 fathoms, in lat. 10° 36’ 0” 8., long. 141° 55’ 0” KH. (Station 187). An adult female and three smaller males are in the collection. The female is of much larger size than the type of the species described in the above report, having the following dimensions :— Adult ¢. Lines. Miullims. Length of carapace, nearly. ; : 5 4 : 16 33'5 Breadth of carapace, nearly . ‘ : : : { ioe 315 Length of a chelipede, nearly ; : 5 : : 14 29°5 Length of second ambulatory leg, 4 5 ‘ ; ‘ 22 ' 46°5 The colour (in spirit) is yellowish-brown, purple on the anterior part of the carapace, sides of the branchial regions, and the dactyli of the fifth ambulatory legs. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 297 Family II] Leucos LID &. Leucosiens, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 118, 1837. Leucostidx, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii, Crust. 1, p. 390, 1852. Afferent channels to the branchie opening at the antero-lateral angles of the palate and not behind the pterygostomian regions. The carpal and following joints of the endognath of the exterior maxillipedes are wholly concealed by the triangulate merus- joint. (The intromittent sexual appendages in the male are exserted from the sternum.) The genera of this family are numerous, and vary remarkably in the form of the carapace and chelipedes. No satisfactory classification of them has been proposed. I have thought it advisable to establish only two subfamilies, one of which (Leucosiinz) is restricted to the single genus Leucosva, Fabricius, but it may be found preferable here- after to separate this genus more definitely under a primary section, and to regard some or all of the sectional divisions of the subfamily Iliinze as distinct subfamilies. Subfamily 1. Inunz. The anterior frontal region of the carapace is not narrowed and produced anteriorly. No thoracic sinus is developed. Section I. The carapace is laterally produced and expanded, so as to cover in great part the ambulatory legs. The palms of the chelipedes are moderately robust ; the fingers compressed, not filiform (Oreophorinee). Genera :—Oreophorus, Riippell; Speleophorus, A. Milne Edwards; Tlos, Adams and White; Cryptocnemus, Stimpson ; Uhlias, Stimpson. This section is not represented in the Challenger collection. Section II. The carapace is not produced over the bases of the ambulatory legs. The palms of the chelipedes are short and turgid; the fingers elongated, very slender or filiform, incurved at the apices, and armed on the interior margins with spinuliform teeth (Myrodine). | Genera :—yrodes, Bell; Nursilia, Bell; Iphiculus, Adams and White. Myrodes, Bell. Myrodes, Bell, Trans. Linn, Soc. Lond. (Zool.), vol. xxi. p. 299, 1855. This genus only differs from Myra (with which it is united by A. Milne Edwards and Haswell) in the form of the chelipedes, whose palms are much shorter than the fingers, and turgid, ovoid or subglobose; the fingers are elongated and very slender; strongly incurved at the tips and armed with spinuliform teeth, some of which are more elongated, so that the fingers are rostelliform. This remarkable peculiarity in the (ZOOL. CHALL. EXP.—PART XLIx.—1886.) Cee 38 298 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. structure of the chela, which occurs with more or less distinctness in certain other genera (e.9., Nursilia, Iphiculus and Callidactylus), is, I think, sufficient to ae Myrodes from (both) Myra and Persephona. From Nursilia and Iphiculus, Myrodes is at once distinguished by a very different form of the carapace, which in those genera has not the three posterior tubercles which exist in Myrodes. Callidactylus, Stimpson, is less certainly distinguishable from Myrodes ; it differs, however, according to Dr. Stimpson, in the absence of an indurated ridge from the basal joint of the antennules (which ridge is not very distinctly developed in Myrodes), in the somewhat contorted palms of the chelipedes, and in the character of the dactyli of the ambulatory legs. The type of this genus, Myrodes eudactylus, occurs in the Indo-Malaysian and Australian Seas, and at New Caledonia. Myrodes eudactylus, Bell. Myra dilatimanus, White, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 46, 1847, descrip. nulld. Myrodes eudactylus, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soe. Tend. tom. cit., p. 299, pl. xxxii. fig. 6, 1855 ; Cat. Leucosiidee in Brit. Mus, p. 13, 1855. Myra eudactyla, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. x. p. 46, pl. iii fig. 3, 1874. ¥ he Haswell, Cat. Australian Crust., p. 123, 1884. Myrodes gigas, Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soe. N.S.W., vol. iv. p. 52, pl. v. fig. 5, 1880. South of New Guinea, 28 fathoms (Station 188) a small, perhaps young, specimen. In this example the carapace is somewhat broader in proportion to its length, and the lobes of the rostrum less prominent than in the specimens from the Philippines in the collection of the British (Natural History) Museum. The dorsal surface is indistinctly carinated in the median line, as in two out of three specimens in that collection. There is no granulated border on the inner margin of the palm of the chelipede in any specimen I have examined of this species, and Bell’s figure is probably in error as regards this particular. 2. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, about. : 64 14 Breadth of carapace, . * . ; : ° : , 5S 11°5 Section III. The carapace is not produced over the bases of the ambulatory legs. The palms of the chelipedes are very slender and elongated; the fingers very slender and nearly straight, or with the tips slightly incurved. The pterygostomian channels have usually two notches at the distal extremity (Iliine; Stimpson). Genera :—Jlia, Fabricius; Arcania,.Leach (=Iphis, Leach); Jaa, Leach: Ihacantha, Stimpson; Myropsis, Stimpson ; Callidactylus, Stimpson (this genus establishes the transition to the section Myrodine). REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 299 Arcania, Leach. Arcania, Leach, Zool. Miscell., vol. iii. p. 19, 1817. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 11. p, 133, 1837. Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xXiii., Crust. 1, p. 392, 1852. n Bell, Trans. Linn, Soc. Lond. (Zool.), vol. xxi. p. 309, 1855. Iphis, Leach, Zool. Miscell., vol. iii. p. 19, 1817. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1. p. 138, 1837. Dana, tom. cit., p. 392, 1852. Bell, tom. cit., p. 311, 1855. +P) 9 Carapace convex, subglobose, or somewhat rhomboidal, with the dorsal surface tuberculated, granulated or spinuliferous; the lateral and posterior margins nearly always armed with spines. Front usually rather prominent and bilobed. Orbits (as usual) with three marginal fissures and a rather wide interior hiatus; the interior subocular angle usually spiniform. ‘The post-abdomen in the male is narrow, with two or three of the intermediate segments coalescent. yes small. Antennules obliquely plicated. Antenne with a slender basal joint, which does not fill the interior orbital hiatus ; flagellum moderately developed. The merus of the endognath of the exterior maxillipedes is usually much shorter than the ischium, and is often only subacute at the distal extremity ; the exterior margin of the exognath is straight. The chelipedes (in the adult males) are slender and somewhat elongated, and, as usual in this subfamily, the merus is subcylindrical, and the palm slender and somewhat swollen at the base; the fingers open in a vertical plane and are armed with minute teeth, some of which are spinuliform. Ambulatory legs slender and somewhat elongated, with the dactyli styliform. The species occur throughout the Indo-Pacific region in shallow or moderately deep water. To the species enumerated by Bell are to be added :— Arcania globata, Stimpson. Seas of China and Japan (16 to 25 fathoms). Arcama orientalis, Miers. Japan, 80 to 36 fathoms. (This species is inter- mediate between this genus and Hbalia.) Arcama novem-spinosa, Adams and White, var. aspera, Miers. Malaysian Seas." *I have proposed the name Arcania duodecimspinosa for a specimen from the Seychelles (4 to 12 fathoms), of whose specific distinctness I am somewhat uncertain, on account of its very small size. Arcania granulosa, Miers, from Moreton Bay, is, as I have elsewhere noted, probably identical with Arcania wndecimspinosa, de Haan, and Arcania pulcherrvma, Haswell, with Arcania septemspinosa, Bell, but as the latter name is preoccupied by Fabricius and Leach for Arcania (Iphis) septemspinosus, Haswell’s name may be conveniently used to designate Bell’s species. 300 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Arcania septemspinosa (Fabricius). Cancer septemspinosus, Fabricius, Mantissa Insectorum, vol. i. p. 325, 1787. Iphis septemspinosa, Leach, Zool, Miscell., vol. iii. p. 25, 1817. s Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 139, 1837; Atlas in Régne Animal de Cuvier, ed. 3, Crust., pl. xxv. fig. 4 (after Herbst). » . Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. xxi. p. 311, 1855; Cat. Leucosiide in Brit. Mus., p. 22, 1855. Hong Kong, 10 fathoms (an adult and two younger females); Kobé, Japan, 8 to 10 fathoms (a small female); and at Station 2338, in lat. 34° 18’ 0” N., long. 133° 35’ 0” E., 15 fathoms (a young female and two rather small males). The largest male measures as follows :— 36. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, nearly . : ; : : 7 14:5 Breadth of carapace, nearly . ; ‘ ; , : 6} 135 The genus [phis, which is retained as distinct from Arcania, both by Milne Edwards and Bell, differs merely in its slightly more rhomboidal carapace, and must, I think, be united with that genus. Ixa, Leach. Iva, Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. xi. p. 334, 1815. », Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 134, 1837. », Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii, Crust. 1, p. 392, 1852. », Sell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.), vol. xxi. p. 311, 1855. Carapace transversely rhomboidal, or somewhat elliptical, and prolonged at the junction of the antero-lateral and postero-lateral margins into a cylindrical lobe, which often equals in length the transverse width of the carapace, and is rounded or tipped — with a spinule at the distal extremity; the carapace is usually longitudinally divided into three parts by two wide fossze, which border the cardiac, gastric, and hepatic regions, and thence are continued over the pterygostomian regions to the bases of the chelipedes, but these fossze are sometimes obsolete. The front projects but slightly, and is anteriorly concave ; the orbits have three marginal fissures and a rather wide interior hiatus. The endostomian ridges are strongly defined, and the channels exterior to them, communi- cating with the branchial cavities, are emarginate at the distal extremity. The post- abdomen (in the male) covers the sternum at base, and is five-jointed, with three of the intermediate segments coalescent. Eyes small. Antennules slightly oblique. Antenne with the basal joint very slender and not filling the interior hiatus of the orbit. The endognath of the exterior maxillipedes is narrow, with the ischium longitudinally sulcated, the merus triangulate ; the exognath is broad, with the exterior margin straight ; it is rounded at the distal extremity, and does not wholly cover the channel. which communicates with the branchiz. The chelipedes (in the male) are cylindrical and very REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 301 slender, almost filiform, with the merus and palm elongated ; fingers slightly incurved at the tips and denticulated on the inner margins. The ambulatory legs are moderately elongated and very slender, with the dactyli styliform. The four recent species described by authors are probably, as I have stated below, identical with Iza cylindrus, Fabricius, which is probably distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific region from the Mauritius to the Philippines and Borneo, and also occurs in a fossil state in recent alluvial or perhaps quaternary deposits (wide A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, p. 156, 1865). Lua cylindrus (Fabricius), var. megaspis. Ica megaspis, Adams and White, Crust. in Zool. H.M.S. “Samarang,” p. 55, pl. xii. fig. 1, 1848. Manila, 1 fathom (an adult male). Presented to Dr. Willemoes-Suhm by Mr. Baer.* Iliacantha, Stimpson. Iliacantha, Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. i. p. 155, 1870. Carapace convex, ovoid or subglobose, with the lateral margins arcuated, with a pro- tuberance or tubercle upon the pterygostomian regions, and with three posterior lobes or spines, as in Myra and Persephona. ‘The front (in the species I have examined) is narrow and anteriorly slightly concave, and the orbit has more or less distinct indications of three marginal fissures and a wide interior hiatus. Pterygostomian channels distally very strongly defined and bi-emarginate. Post-abdomen (in the young male) distinctly seven- jointed. Eyes small. Antennules (in the species I have examined) slightly oblique. Antennz with a very slender basal antennal joint, which does not fill the interior orbital hiatus ; flagellum of moderate length. Lxterior maxillipedes with the ischium- 1 The late Mr Bell, in his monograph of the Leucosiide (Trans. Linn. Scc. Lond. (Zool.), vol. xxi. p. 311, 1855), united all the then described species of Jva under the common designation Jxa cylindrus (Fabricius). It is probable, indeed, that no characters can be discovered of sufficient value to separate three of these forms specifically, but it may be of service here to indicate the distinctions by which the specimens in the collection of the British (Natural History) Museum may be at present separated. In that which I think to be the typical Iza cylindrus, Fabricius (Iza canaliculata, Leach) the median portion of the carapace (circumscribed by the deep and wide lateral and postfrontal channels), has its margins sinuated or notched ; in the variety megaspis, Adams and White, they are entire, and in both the tubercles of the posterior margin are small or obsolete. A third (unnamed) variety, represented by a single female from the Philippines (Cuming) resembles megaspis in all particulars except that the later processes of the carapace are without the terminal spinule of that variety and cylindrus. Ixa inermis, of Leach, with which I think Iva edwardsii of Lucas (Ann. Soc. Entom. France, vol. vi. p. 179, pl. iv. fig. 3, 1858) to be identical, may be distinguished by the absence of the lateral and postfrontal channels of the carapace (which, however, are represented in the type of inermis by an impressed suture on either side of the cardiac region), by the large rounded tubercles of the posterior margin of the carapace, and by the somewhat distally-narrowed lateral processes of the carapace (which are without terminal spinules), and may with more probability be regarded as specifically distinct. 302 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. joint (in Iliacantha intermedia) longitudinally suleated; merus as usual triangulate ; exognath rather narrow, with the exterior margin straight. Chelipedes slender and rather long, with the merus subcylindrical and granulated; palm slender, narrowing distally and somewhat contorted, so that the fingers open vertically ; the fingers (as in Jia) are very slender, and are armed with fine, usually spinuliform, teeth. Ambulatory legs slender and of moderate length ; tarsi styliform. From Jha this genus differs in having but three posterior spines on the carapace, and from Myropsis in that the fingers open in a vertical and not in a horizontal plane. To the species described by Stimpson, Ilacantha globosa and LIlacantha: sparsa, dredged in the Florida Straits in 30 to 60 fathoms, I have to add a third, Ihacantha imtermedia, obtained by the Challenger Expedition at Bahia, in shallow water. Iliacantha intermedia, n. sp. (Pl. XXVI. fig. 3). This species is distinguished from the West-Indian Jliacantha subglobosa, Stimpson, and Iliacantha sparsa, Stimpson,’ by the length of the dactyli of the chelipedes, which in Iliacantha subglobosa considerably exceed, but in Iliacantha intermedia do not attain the length of the palm, and by the form of the postero-lateral spines or teeth of the carapace, which in Iliacantha intermedia are flattened and triangulate ; but in Ihacantha sparsa are similar in shape to, and more than half as long as, the posterior median spine. The carapace is moderately convex, longer than broad, and is everywhere very | distinctly and evenly granulated ; the antero-lateral margins, at the hepatic regions, are bluntly angulated; at some distance behind the hepatic angle there is another slight angular projection, as in Llacantha subglobosa. .The median and posterior spine - of the carapace is prominent and acute, and very slightly recurved at the distal extremity ; the lateral spines or teeth are flattened and triangulate, and rounded at the apices. The front (as seen in a dorsal view), projects slightly beyond the eyes ; it is concave above, truncated in front, with the anterior margin nearly straight. The orbits are small, without fissures in the upper margin; the endostome is strongly longitudinally ridged; the ridges define the lateral channels (pterygostomian channels of Stimpson), which terminate distally in three strong spiniform teeth. The sternum is evenly granulated ; the post-abdomen (in the young male), has the segments, except the two first and the last, coalescent, and is granulated at and near the base. The ischium-joint of the endognath of the outer maxillipedes is longitudinally sulcated on its outer surface, which is nearly smooth; the merus-joint is triangulate, acute, much shorter than the ischium, and strongly granulated on the outer surface ; the exognath is externally strongly granulated, with the exterior margin nearly straight; its rounded 1 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. ii. pp. 155, 156, 1870. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 303 distal extremity does not attain the apex of the merus-joint of the endognath. The chelipedes are very slender; the merus is nearly as long as the carapace, subcylindrical and granulated ; carpus very short, smooth ; palm shorter than the merus, smooth, and tapering distally ; fingers little more than half as long as the palm, very slender, with the tips incurved and armed with several distant teeth, between which are smaller granuliform teeth. Ambulatory legs slender and moderately elongated, with the dactyli styliform and slightly longer than the penultimate joints. Colour (in spirit) light yellowish-brown. ' dg. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace and rostrum, : ; : : ; 74 15 Breadth of carapace, nearly ; ; Fe : 64 13°5 Length of a chelipede, : ‘ : ‘ : 14 30 Length of first ambulatory leg, ; ; : ; 11 23°5 Bahia (shallow water), a sterile female. Stimpson’s description of Ilacantha subglobosa was also based on a sterile female ; it is evident, therefore, that the difference in the length of the dactyli of the chelipedes is not a sexual character, and it would appear from his description that the carpus and palm of the chelipede in Ihacantha subglobosa are granulated, and the teeth of the dactyl more acute. | Section IV. The carapace is not produced so as to cover in great part the ambulatory legs. The chelipedes are robust, not slender ; the palms and fingers compressed, not slender and elongated (Ebaliinse, Stimpson, part). Genera :—LHbalia, Leach (=Belladia, Kinahan, Phlyxia, Leach, subgenus) ; Persephona, Leach (= Guia, Milne Edwards); ? Myra, Leach; Leucosilia, Bell; Randallia, Stimpson; Nucia, Dana; Lithadia, Bell; Carcinaspis, Stimpson; Merocryptus, A. Milne Edwards; Onychomorpha, Stimpson ; Nursia, Leach (in this genus the carapace is slightly produced over the bases of the legs) ; Leucisea, MacLeay ; Pseudophilyra, Miers; Philyra, Leach. Ebalia, Leach. - Ebalia, Leach, Zool. Miscell., vol. iii. p. 18, 1817. » Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 128, 1837. » Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii, Crust. 1, p. 392, 1852. » Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol, xxi. p. 303, 1855. Phlywia, Bell (subgenus), Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., tom. cit., p. 303, 1855. _ Bellidilia, Kinahan, Journ. Roy. Dublin Soc., vol. i. p. 128, 1858. Carapace transverse and often rather longer than broad, suborbiculate or subrhom- boidal, with the dorsal surface moderately convex or depressed, uneven, tuberculated or 304 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. obscurely carinated ; the front emarginated or subtruncated or quadridentated, the hepatic regions are usually concave; the lateral margins are entire or more or less distinctly tuberculated or toothed, but the tubercles are very rarely spiniform. The orbits are very small, circular, with two or three closed marginal fissures and an interior hiatus; the buccal cavity is not separated from the antennulary fossee by any distinct epistoma, and the endostomian ridges are very stongly defined. The post-abdomen in the male is narrow and four or five-jointed, with several of the intermediate segments coalescent, and it covers the sternum at base, between the bases of the fifth ambulatory legs. Eyes very small. Antennulary fossze oblique, or nearly transverse. The antennz are very small and their basal joint enters the interior orbital hiatus. The exterior maxillipedes cover the whole of the buccal cavity ; the merus of the endognath, as usual, is triangulate, and the exognath has a straight or somewhat curved exterior margin. The chelipedes (in the male) are subequal and of moderate length, or more rarely, considerably elongated ; with the merus subcylindrical or somewhat trigonous, palm and fingers usually compressed. The ambulatory legs are slender and small, with the joints usually smooth ; dactyli styliform. | The species are small and numerous and inhabit the sublittoral or deeper waters both of the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific regions. The species of the section Phlyxia, Bell, are, as far as at present known, restricted to Australia. From the genus Nursia (to which it is nearly allied), Hbalea differs in the less produced margins of the carapace, which are not cristated, &c. The genera Hbala and Phlyxia are now connected by so many intermediate species, that not one of the distinctive characters mentioned by Bell can be regarded as constant. I propose, therefore, to unite these genera, but to separate the species under two primary sections or subgenera (for which the names Hbalia and Phlyxia may conveniently be retained) as follows :— I. Front slightly concave or truncated, not quadridentated (Hbalia !) :— Ebaiva tuberosa (Pennant) = Ebalia insignis, Lucas, fide Heller. European Seas; Adriatic; Mediterranean, to 250 metres (Heller). Ebalka tumefacta (Mont.)=Hbalia aspera, Costa, fide Heller. European Seas ; Mediterranean; Adriatic. Ebalia eranchu (Leach) = Ebalia discrepans, Costa, and Ebalia deshayesii, Lucas, Jide Heller. European Seas; Mediterranean; Adriatic. This species and the preceding are mentioned by Heller to occur in 30 to 40 fathoms. Ebaha granulosa, Milne Edwards. Mediterranean, Corfu (Coll. Brit. Mus.). Ebalia edwardsii, Costa= Hbalia algerica, Lucas. Mediterranean. 1 The synonyms of the Mediterranean species are as given by Dr. Heller, Crust. siidlichen Europa, pp. 124-128, 1863. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 305 Hbalia coste, Heller. Adriatic. (Is probably a variety of Hbalia granulosa.) Ebalia setubalensis, Capello= Hbalia elegans, Capello. Setubal. Ebalia nux, Norman. Mediterranean, to 300 métres. Hbalia maderensis, Stimpson. Madeira. (Is perhaps not distinct from Hbalia tuberosa.) bahia fragifera, Miers. Canaries. Hbalia tuberculata, Miers. Senegambia; Goree Island, to 15 fathoms. Ebalia affinis, Miers. Senegambia; Goree Island, to-15 fathoms. Lbalia stimpsoni, A. Milne Edwards. Barbados, to 50 fathoms. Ebalia granulata (Riippell). Red Sea; Providence Group, to 24 fathoms. Ebalha orientalis, Kossmann. Red Sea. Ebalia tuberculosa (A. Milne Edwards). South Africa; Agulhas Bank, to 150 fathoms ; East and South Australia; New Zealand, to 150 fathoms. Ebalia lambriformis (Bell) = Phlyxia petleyi, Haswell. North, East, and South Australia; south of New Guinea, to 28 fathoms. bala levis (Bell). New Zealand Seas, to 150 fathoms. Ebaha erosa (A. Milne Edwards). Bass Strait; New Caledonia. Ebalia quadrata (A. Milne Edwards). Bass Strait. (Perhaps a species of Nwrsia.) Ebalia granulosa (Haswell). Sydney Heads, “ deep water.” Ebalia minor, Miers, Japanese Seas. Ebalia bituberculata, Miers. Japanese Seas, to 52 fathoms. Ebalia rhomboidalis, Miers. Japanese Seas. Ebalia pulchella, A. Milne Edwards. Fiji Islands. Ebalia miliaris, A. Milne Edwards. Samoan Islands, Upolu. (Perhaps a distinct genus. ) II. Front with four distinct (usually tuberculiform) lobes or teeth, including the tooth at the interior angle of the orbit. (Phlyxia.) Ebalia crassipes (Bell). South and East Australia (to 40 fathoms). Ebaha quadnidentata, Gray, with var. spinifera, nov. Australia, Port Jackson. Ebalia spinosa (Kinahan). Australia, Port Philip. Ebalia spinosa, var. orbicularis (Haswell) = Bellidilia serratocostis, Kinahan (?). Kast and South Australia (to 15 fathoms) ; Tasmania. Ebaha ramsayi (Haswell). Port Jackson. Ebalia dentifrons, n. sp. South Australian Coast. Ebalia intermedia, n. sp. South Australia, near Port Philip (88 fathoma). 1 The Hbalia spinosa, A. Milne Edwards, from Upolu, is perhaps referable to the genus Arcania. (ZOOL, CHALL, EXP,—PART XLIx.—1886,) Cee 39 306 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Ebalia lambriformis (Bell). Phlyxia lambriformis, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. xxi. p. 304, pl. xxxiv. fig. 2, 1855. * ¥ Miers, Crust. in Rep. Zool. Coll. H.M.S. “ Alert,” p. 252, 1884, et synonyma. South of New Guinea, 28 fathoms, in lat. 9° 59’ 0” S., long. 139° 42’ 0” E., Station 188 (an adult female). Adult 9. Lines. Millims, Length of carapace, . 3 : ; : : 54 11°5 Breadth of carapace, rather over ; é . , : 5 11 This species, in the form of the carapace and in other characters, resembles somewhat the genus Nursia. Ebalia levis (Bell). Phlyxia levis, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. xxi. p. 305, pl. xxxiv. fig. 3, 1855; Cat. Leucosiide in Brit. Mus., p. 18, 1855. P » Miers, Cat. New Zealand Crust, p. 56, 1876. New Zealand Seas, not far from South Island, lat. 39° 32’ 0” S., long. 171° 48’ 0” E., in 150 fathoms, Station 167 (two adult males); Queen Charlotte Sound, near Long Island, 10 fathoms, Station 167A (two adult females). The deep-water specimens in the Challenger collection do not differ appreciably from the shallow-water examples of the species I have examined, except in the somewhat more elongated merus-joints of the chelipedes. One of them has the following dimensions :— Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length and breadth of carapace, about . : ‘ 5 5 10°5 Length of a chelipede, about . : ; : : : 13 27°5 Length of first ambulatory leg, nearly . : ; : : (f 15:5 Ebalia tuberculosa (A. Milne Edwards) (Pl. XXV. fig. 1). me as tuberculosa, A.'Milne Edwards, Journ. des Mus. Godeffroy, vol. i. Heft iv. p. 86, 1873. a Haswell, Cat. Australian Crust., p. 132, 1882. t Phla Vea granulosa, Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., vol. iv. p. 54, pl. vi fig. 3, 1880; Cat. Australian Crust., p. 126, 1882, Port Jackson, 30 to 85 fathoms (three females); off Twofold Bay, 150 fathoms, Station 163a (two small females) ; Bass Strait, off East Moncceur Island, 38 fathoms, Station 162 (several specimens, males and females); New Zealand Seas, off South Island, in 150 fathoms, Station 167 (numerous specimens, mostly adult males). REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 307 A fully-grown male has the following dimensions :— Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, . : F : . : : 5 10°5 Breadth of carapace, about ; : : : : 4} 10 Length of a chelipede, : ; : : ; F 124 26°5 Length of ambulatory leg, fi 15 The specimens dredged near New Zealand, in deep-water (Station 167), are generally of larger size, and in most, but not all of them, the tubercles of the gastric and branchial regions are less prominent and the chelipedes are more developed than in the specimens from Australian localities. In small females the two rounded protuberances of the posterior margin are not developed, and the margin is straight. There are in the collection three small females from the Agulhas Bank, 150 fathoms, lat. 35° 4’ 0” S., long. 18° 37’ 0” EK. (Station 142), which cannot, I think, be distinguished specifically from Hbalia tuberculosa.* Ebalia (Phlyxia) crassipes (Bell). Phlyxia crassipes, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. xxi. p. 304, pl. xxxiv. fig. 2, 1855 ; Cat. Leucosiide in Brit. Mus., p. 17, 1855. ” He Miers, Crust. in Rep. Zool. Coll. H.M.S. “ Alert,” p. 252, 1884. Specimens of this, which is perhaps the commonest species of the subgenus (or genus) Phiyxia were obtained at the following localities :— Port Jackson (Sow and Pig’s Bank), 6 fathoms, a good series of specimens; also at Port Jackson, 8 to 15 fathoms (an adult male), and 30 to 35 fathoms (two adult males) ; also several males and females dredged off the South Australian coast in 2 to 10 fathoms, in April 1874; and several specimens from East Moncceur Island, Bass Strait, 38 fathoms (Station 162). In the adult males the chelipedes are often very considerably elongated; one in the Challenger series from Port Jackson (30 to 35 fathoms) presents. the following dimensions :— Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, . : ‘ ; : ‘ i 54 115 Breadth of carapace, about ; ; : ' ; : 5 11 Length of a chelipede, over =. : 3 : , : 12 26 Length of first ambulatory leg, 74 16 The carapace is always more or less distinctly tuberculated on the dorsal surface, with greyish or fuscous markings, which exist also on the chelipedes. 1 Ebalia tuberculosa is connected through Ebalia fragifera, Miers (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. viii. p. 268, 1881), with Hbalia tuberculata, and certain other Atlantic and European forms. Zbalia fragifera is, however, distinguished from Ebalia tuberculosa by the deeply concave hepatic regions of the carapace, the less prominent front, and the fewer granules of the palms of the chelipedes. The Mascarene (Providence Island) specimen referred by me to EHbalia granulata, Riippell, differs somewhat in the broader carapace, less prominent front, ec. 308 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Ebalia (Phlyxia) intermedia, n. sp. (Pl. XXV. fig. 2). I thus very doubtfully designate some small specimens (perhaps not fully grown) which are intermediate in their distinctive characters between Phlyxia crassipes and Phiyxia orbicularis. They are distinguished from the former species by the absence of tubercles from the dorsal surface of the carapace (except sometimes an obscure tubercle in front of the median posterior spine, which is more elongated than in Phlyxva crassipes) and from Phlyxia orbicularis by the more convex and less orbiculate carapace, more prominent front, and more slender chelipedes. It may be a variety of the latter species; it ean hardly, I think, be identified with Bellidilia serratocostis, Kinahan, which is very briefly diagnosed. Carapace moderately convex, longer than broad, granulated but not tuberculated on the dorsal surface, which is somewhat uneven, with a slight protuberance on the intestinal region, in front of the posterior spine, and with three or four small tubercles or granules on the lateral margins, the most prominent being one placed in the middle of the postero- lateral margin; front rather prominent and quadridentated ; the median posterior spine of the carapace is prominent and acute, and below it the posterior margin is straight, with the lateral angles not prolonged as lateral spines. There is a small tubercle on each pterygostomian region. The sternum and post-abdomen are finely granulated; the latter is smooth, with all of the segments (except the last) coalescent in the male; in the (young?) female one or two of the basal segments are partially distinct; the terminal segment is narrow and rounded at the distal extremity. The maxillipedes are finely oranulated ; the exognath has a nearly straight outer margin, and its distal extremity nearly attains the acute apex of the merus of the endognath. The chelipedes are moderately elongated and slender; merus slightly compressed (but not carinated) and granulated, the granules of the posterior surface most prominent; wrist and palm granulated and compressed ; the latter has on its exterior margin a small indentation at base close to its articulation with the wrist; fingers thin, compressed, as long as or shghtly longer than the palm, and obscurely denticulated on their inner margins near to the apices, which are incurved; ambulatory legs, of which only one or two detached, remain very slender, with the dactyli styliform and considerably longer than the penultimate joints. Colour, in spirit, light yellowish-brown. The most perfect specimen, which is, I think, an immature female, has the following dimensions :— Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, nearly 4 ; : ; : ; 4 8 Breadth of carapace, . : : ; . 3} 75 Length of a chelipede, about . i : : ' : 6 13 Length of first ambulatory leg, nearly. ; ; : ; 5 10°5 | Four small specimens, all more or less imperfect, were dredged i in 33 fathoms, off the entrance to Port Philip (Station 161). REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 309 Ebalia (Phlyxia) undecimspinosa (Kinahan), var. orbicularis. ? Bellidilia serratocostis, Kinahan, Journ. Roy. Dublin Soe., vol. i. p. 129, 1858. pores undecimspinosa, Kinahan, tom. cit., p. 128, pl. iil. fig. 2, 1858, var. Phlyxia orbicularis, Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., vol. iv. p. 54, pl. vi. fig. 2. 1880; Cat. Australian Crust., p. 125, 1882. Port Jackson (Sow and Pig’s Bank), 6 fathoms, 8 to 15 fathoms (two adult females), 8 fathoms (an adult male and female); South Australian Coast, 2 to 10 fathoms, April 1874 (numerous specimens). 3 The largest male presents the following dimensions :— Adult g.° Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, rather over . : : : : : 113 24°5 Breadth of carapace, rather less than . : : ‘ . 113 24 Length of a chelipede, ; : : ‘ : : 274 58 Length of first ambulatory leg, about . : : . ‘ 15 32 Although commonly occurring with Phiyxia crassipes, this is a perfectly distinct species, characterised by the less prominent front and the absence of tubercles from the gastric and branchial regions of the carapace, which has, besides the three prominent posterior tubercles, only some smaller ones upon the lateral margins, and occasionally two or three upon the median longitudinal carina; the fuscous markings, characteristic of Phlyxia crassipes, do not exist in the specimens of Phlyaia orbicularis I have examined. It also attains a larger size than Phlyxia crassipes, and has a more depressed and more recularly orbiculate carapace." Ebalia (Phlyxia) quadridentata, Gray, var. spinifera (Pl. XXV. fig. 3). 1 Hbhalia quadridentata, Gray, Zool. Miscell., vol. ii. p. 40, 1831. 1 Phlyxia quadridentata, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 160, 1858. Phlyxia quadridentata is only known to me by the very short and insufficient diagnosis of the late Dr. Gray, which, as regards the tubercles of the dorsal surface of the carapace, does not accurately apply to any species of this genus. It is not improbable that the Challenger specimen, of which a description follows, may belong to a distinct species. Carapace moderately convex, rather longer than broad, covered with small granules and with larger granules (or small spiniform tubercles) which are disposed as follows :— three in a triangle on the gastric region, one on the cardiac region, one or two on each 1 [ refer to this species under Haswell’s name, Phlyxia orbicularis, because Kinahan’s Bellidilia serratocostis is so briefly characterised, that its identification with Phlyxia orbicularis must remain uncertain, and I am unable to discover the Tasmanian type specimen, which, according to Kinahan, existed in the collection of the British Museum. Bellidilia undecimspinosa, Kinahan, differs from all specimens I have seen in possessing an additional tooth on each postero-lateral margin, and should (I think) be regarded at least as a distinct variety. 310 THE. VOYAGE OF H.M.8. CHALLENGER. branchial region, one on the hepatic and pterygostomian regions, and three or four on the lateral margins; and with a posterior median spine, on either side of which is a smaller triangulate lobe or tooth. The front is prominent, and is quadridentated, the lateral somewhat stouter but not more prominent than the median teeth, which are separated by a deeper fissure than that between the median and lateral teeth. The orbits have three deep fissures as in other species of the genus. The surface of the sternum and post- abdomen is minutely granulated, the post-abdomen without tubercles, and with all of the segments except the last coalescent, but with indications of the suture defining the basal segment, and with a protuberance at base on each side of the compound segment. The maxillipedes are covered with prominent granules, similar to those of the carapace; their exognathi have a nearly straight outer margin and attain nearly to the distal extremity of the merus of the endognath. The chelipedes are moderately elongated and slender ; merus subcylindrical and granulated, the granules of the posterior surface larger than the others ; carpus short, palm compressed but scarcely carinated, both carpus and palm are granulated on their exterior margins ; fingers about as long as the palm, compressed and crossed at the tips, with scarcely any indications of denticules on the imner margins. Ambulatory legs very slender; dactyli longer than the penultimate joints. Colour (in spirit) heht yellowish-brown. The single specimen has the following dimensions :— & Lines. Millims. Length to base of posterior spine, about : ; ; : 3 65 Breadth of carapace, rather under c 4 ; ; 3 6 Length of a chelipede, about . ; ; : ; . 5 ll Length of first ambulatory leg, about . 34 75 and was dredged at Port Jackson (Sow and Pig’s Bank), in 6 fathoms. In the arrangement of the tubercles of the dorsal surface of the carapace and in other points this form nearly resembles Hbalia granulosa,’ dredged, according to Haswell, by H.M.S. Challenger, outside of Sidney Heads in deep water; the latter, however, differs in the bidentate front, carinated palms of the chelipedes, &c., and has not the prominent median posterior spine which exists in Phlyxia quadridentata (?), var. spinifera. Ebalia (Phlyxia) dentifrons, n. sp. (Pl. XXYV. fig. 4). The carapace is longer than broad, and moderately convex ; it is covered, both above and below, with close-set prominent granules ; its dorsal surface is very uneven, having several rounded prominences separated by marked intervening depressions ; of these, one (very prominent) is situated on each hepatic region, one on each branchial region, and one on each intestinal region. The lateral margins bear, on each side, four small spines 1 Phlyxia granulosa, Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., vol. iv. p. 55, pl. vi. fig. 3, 1880; Cat. Australian sessile- eyed Crust., p. 126, 1882. 9 REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 311 or teeth, three of which are placed midway between the front and posterior margin, and one near the postero-lateral margin; the front is prominent and truncated, and four- toothed, the teeth separated by nearly equal notches; there is also a tooth at the exterior angle of the orbit. The post-abdomen (in the female) covers the whole of the sternal surface of the body between the bases of the legs, and has all of the segments, except the two first and the last, coalescent ; the first and second segments are granulated ; the terminal segment is narrow and deeply encased in a cavity of the sternum, which attains the bases of the outer maxillipedes. The maxillipedes are coarsely granulated, their exognathi robust, with a nearly straight outer margin, and rounded at the distal extremity, which does not quite attain the acute apex of the merus of the endognath. The chelipedes (in the female) are moderately elongated and closely granulated, but not so coarsely as the carapace, and the joints are without spines or teeth; the merus is sub- cylindrical ; the palm is slightly compressed, but not carinated ; fingers about as long as the palm, compressed, with the tips incurved, obscurely denticulated on their inner margins, and faintly longitudinally-suleated on the sides. The ambulatory legs are slender, with the antepenultimate joints angulated; the penultimate joints slightly dilated and carinated on the superior and inferior margins, and shorter than the slender dactyli. Colour of carapace (in spirit) greyish or brownish ; the legs paler. The best-preserved specimen presents the following dimensions :— Adult 9°. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, . ; ‘ ; : ‘ ; 5 10°5 Breadth of carapace, nearly : : ‘ : 5 10 Length of a chelipede, rather over ‘ ; : : 5 11 Length of first ambulatory leg, 45 9°5 Two females were dredged in 2 to 10 fathoms, in April 1874, on the South Australian coast. The form, granulation, and spinulation of the carapace distinguishes this from any species with which I am acquainted. Persephona, Leach. Persephona, Leach, Zool. Miscell., vol. iii. pp. 18, 22, 1817. ” Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 136, 1857. 93 Dana, U.S. Explor, Exped., vol. xiii., Crust. 1, p. 392, 1852. 9 Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. xxi. p. 292, 1855. Guia, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 127, 1837. The characters separating this genus from Myra are very slight. Persephona is, in fact, scarcely distinguishable from Myra, except by the somewhat more depressed and orbiculate carapace, the more transversely plicated antennules, the much more robust chelipedes and ambulatory legs (the palms and fingers of the chelipedes being dilated 312 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.8. CHALLENGER. and compressed, except in Persephona lichtensteinet), and the narrower exognath of the exterior maxillipedes, whose exterior margin is straight, not arcuated, and slightly dilated at base, as in Myra. The post-abdomen of the male in Persephona punctata (the only species in which I have examined it) is five-jointed, with the penultimate, as well as the first and second and terminal segments distinct. This genus apparently represents Myra on the shores of the American continent and islands adjacent." Persephona punctata (Browne) (Pl. XXV. fig. 5). Cancer punctatus, Browne, Civil and Nat. Hist. of Jamaica, vol. ii, p. 422, pl. xlii. fig. 3, 1756. > - Linné (partim), Syst. Nat., ed. xii. p. 1045, 1766. Persephona guaia, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., tom. cit., p. 292, 1855. 4 punctata, Stimpson. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. vii. p. 70, 1860. *, 44 Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 403, 1879, et synonyma. Bahia (shallow water), a small male. 3. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, about. ae : ; : ‘ 11 23°5 Breadth of carapace, about . ? 3 : : 7 10 21 The characteristic coloration is in this specimen almost obliterated. Myra, Leach. Myra, Leach, Zool. Miscell., vol. iii. pp. 19, 23, 1817. » Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii p.125, 1837. » Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii., Crust. 1, p. 392, 1852. » Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.), vol. xxi. p. 296, 1855. Carapace dorsally very convex, and more or less distinctly granulated, with the lateral margins regularly arcuated ; it has three posterior spines or protuberances (the median one being more elevated and situated on the posterior margin), and there is usually a more or less distinct protuberance upon the pterygostomian regions. The front is concave and does not project beyond the anterior margin of the buccal cavity. The orbits are very small and circular, with usually three deep marginal fissures, and with a rather large inferior hiatus. The post-abdomen (in the male) is usually four- jointed, with all of the segments except the first, second, and last, coalescent. Eyes very small. Antennules somewhat obliquely plicated. Antennze with a slender basal 1 Its range may, however, extend over the whole Atlantic region ; since there is a specimen, perhaps ot distinct from Persephona punctata, from South Africa (Sir A, Smith), in the collection of the British (Natural History) Museum, and if the habitat of Herbst’s Cancer mediterraneus be correctly given, this genus must also occur in the Mediterranean Sea. Ihave referred the species from Bass Strait, described by Dr. A. Milne Edwards as Persephona tuberculosa, to the genus Ebalia. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. _ 313 antennal joint, which scarcely attains or does not attain the front. The exterior maxillipedes cover the buccal cavity, and the merus of the endognath, as usual in this family, is triangulate and acute; the exognath is rather broad, about as broad as the endognath, and its exterior margin is slightly arcuated. The chelipedes (in the adult males) are subequal, and sometimes considerably elongated; the merus subcylindrical, and sometimes exceeding the carapace in length; palm subcylindrical or compressed, not dilated ; fingers rather robust, compressed, and distally acute; the ambulatory legs are relatively small, with the dactyli styliform. | | The species are found in the Indo-Malaysian, Japanese and Australian Seas; in littoral or shallow water; one species at least ee a fugax) occurs commonly throughout the Indo-Pacific region. Besides the different forms regarded as synonyms of Myra fugax and Myra australis, Haswell, and Myra darnleyensis, Haswell, referred to below, I am not aware that any recent species have been described since the publication of Professor Bell’s Monograph. Myra fugas (Fabricius). %2?Cancer cupheus, Linné, Mus. Lud. Ulrice, p. 440, 1764; Syst. Nat. ed. xii. p. 1045, 1766. ? 4, punctatus, Herbst, Naturgesch. der Krabben u. Krebse, vol. i. p. 89, pl. ii. figs. 15, 16, 1782, nec Linn. Leucosia fugax, Fabricius, Entom. Syst. Suppl., p. 351, 1798. Myra fugax, Leach, Zool. Miscell., vol. iii. p. 24, 1817. » » ‘Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii p. 126, 1837; Crust. in Cuvier, Régne Animal, vol. xxv. fig. 3. Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., tom. cit., p. 296, 1855; Cat. Leucosiide in Brit. Mus., p. 12, 1855. ae ie » de Haan, Crust. in v. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, decas, v. p. 134, pl. xxxiii. fig. 1) 1841, $ adult. ,, carimata, Bell, Trans, Linn, Soc. Lond., tom. cit., p. 297, pl. xxxii. fig. 3, 1855; Cat. Leucosiide, in Brit. Mus. p. 13, 1855. 3 " Miers, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. v. p. 316, 1880; Crust. in Rep. Zool. Coll. H.M.S. “ Alert,” p. 250, 1884, young. 33 ? { ,, subgranulata, Kossmann, Malacostraca in Zool. Ergebn. einer Reise Kiistengeb. d. rothen Meeres, p. 65, pl. i. fig. 7, 1877. Hi ss cf., Hilgendorf, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 811, 1878. ¢ 4, punctata, Hilgendorf, tom. cit., p. 811, 1878. » coalita, Hilgendorf, tom. cit. p. 812, pl. i. figs. 6, 7, 1878, var. (1). » dubia, Miers, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 42, 1879, var. (2). Arafura Sea, south of New Guinea, 28 fathoms (Station 188), an adult and smaller male, and an adult and two younger females; also in 49 fathoms (Station 190), in lat. 8° 56° 0" S., long 136, 15) Oba a young male. +The genus Myrodes, Bell, which is united by Haswell in his Catalogue of the Australian Crustacea, 1882, with Myra should, I think, be retained as distinct. (ZOOL. CHALL, EXP.—PART XLIx.—1886.) Cee 40 314 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S, CHALLENGER. The largest male of the Challenger series, from Station 188, presents the following dimensions :— Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, about . ; : : : ; 13 28 Breadth of carapace, about . ; ; : : ; 11 23°5 Length of a chelipede, nearly : : : ; : 34 72 Length of first ambulatory leg, : : ; , , 154 33 The smallest specimen (male) from the same locality measures as follows :— Young ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, . : ; : ; ; , 8 17 Breadth of carapace, nearly . : : : : ; 7 14°5 Length of a chelipede, : A : : : ‘ 143 31 Length of first ambulatory leg, 5 : 4 ; , 84 18 The examination of the Challenger series compels me to unite, under the designation Myra fugax, several species which I have hitherto supposed to be distinct. In young specimens the carapace is more or less distinctly carinated in the median dorsal line, and the post-abdomen in the male is flat and smooth, without the subbasal prominences and the tubercle which sometimes exists on the penultimate segment in adult examples; the margins of the carapace also are more distinctly granulated, and the chelipedes relatively shorter. In adult males the chelipedes are sometimes very considerably elongated (as in the figure of de Haan cited above) and—in specimens I have examined in the collection of the British (Natural History) Museum—the three posterior spines of the carapace strongly developed and acute; perhaps these may be referable to a distinct variety or species; the chelipedes, however, are usually more slender and more elongated in adult males than in adult females.* 1 I may note in regard to the synonymical citations, that the Cancer cupheus of Linné was founded on a specimen wanting the chelipedes, and cannot therefore be identified with certainty with any species of this genus. Cancer punctatus, Herbst, resembles Myra fugax in the form of the body and limbs, but differs in coloration from any specimen I have examined. Hilgendorf, who refers (tom. cit.) to the type, adds no information regarding it. The form I have described, from Japanese types (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 42, 1879), as Myra dubia, is probably identical with Myra coalita, Hilgendorf, described in the preceding year (Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 812, pl. i- figs. 6, 7, 1878), from Zanzibar, and may be a variety of Myra fugaa, although the types are distinguished from all specimens of that species I have seen by possessing a tubercle on the intestinal region in front of the median spine of the posterior margin. They are probably not fully grown. A similar tubercle was observed by Hilgendorf in specimens referred to Myra fugaz. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 315 Myra affinis, Bell. Myra afinis, Bell, Trans, Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. xxi. p. 296, pl. xxxii. fig. 2, 1855; Cat. Leucosiide in Brit. Mus., p. 12, 1855. - »» Haswell, Cat. Australian Crust., p. 122, 1882. Torres Strait, August 1874, a young female. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, . : : ; ‘ : : 8 17 Breadth of carapace, nearly .. : : : : 7 14:5 Length of a chelipede, nearly . ‘ : ; : - 12 25 Length of first ambulatory leg, nearly . ‘ : ; ; 7 14°5 This specimen has the median longitudinal line of granules on the dorsal surface of the carapace which is usually found in young specimens of species of this genus. This form is very nearly allied to Myra mammillaris, Bell, but is apparently dis- tinguishable by the less convex and rounded tubercles of the posterior margin of the carapace, the median one being more elongated and acute, and the two lateral ones more triangulate than in Myra mammillaris. Young specimens are to be distinguished from Myra australis, Haswell (which they much resemble), by the somewhat narrower carapace and by the less numerous but more prominent granulations of the maxillipedes and the adjacent parts of the body. Myra australis, Haswell. Myra mammillaris (yg.), Miers, Trans. Linn, Soc. Lond., ser. 2, tom. cit., p. 239, pl. xxxviii. figs. 25-27, 1877. Myra australis, Haswell, Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S.W., tom. cit., p. 50, pl. v. fig. 3, 1880; Cat. Australian Crust., p. 122, 1882. Torres Strait, in lat. 10° 36’ 0” S., long. 141° 55’ 0” E., 6 fathoms (Station 187), a male.’ 3. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, : : q : : . . 8 17 Breadth of carapace, : 3 : : : é : 7 15 Myra darnleyensis, Haswell. § Myra darnleyensis, Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., vol. iv. p. 52, pl. v. fig. 4, 1880; Cat. Australian Crust., p. 122, 1882. Carapace (as in other species of the genus) convex and rather longer than broad ; it is rather closely and finely granulated over the whole of the dorsal surface; there is a 1 The specimens in the collection of the British (Natural History) Museum, designated “ M. mammillaris, yg.” vary slightly in the prominence of the intestinal region and of the posterior median spine, and the abdomen in the figure should have been represented with the sides slightly concave. 316 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. slight prominence upon the hepatic régions, and beneath this the sides of the carapace at the pterygostomian regions are slightly convex but scarcely angulated ;. the three tubercles of the posterior margin are placed nearly in the same horizontal line; they are slightly compressed and nearly semicircularly rounded or slightly triangulate. The front is deeply concave above with the lateral lobes prominent. The three sulci in the upper and latter orbital margins are deep and distinct. The post-abdomen (in both sexes) has some scattered punctulations ; in the male, all of the segments, except the first and last, in the female, the third to sixth segments, are coalescent; the terminal segment in the male is narrow and elongated, and the penultimate segment bears a small tubercle. The exterior maxillipedes are (as in Myra mammillaris) coarsely granulated distally ; the exognath as in other species is arcuate externally, and it nearly attains the distal ex- tremity of the merus of the endognath. The chelipedes (as in other species of the genus) are elongated ; merus finely and closely granulated ; palm compressed and rather short ; fingers slender and elongated, longer than the palm, and meeting along their inner edges, which are denticulated, the tips incurved. The ambulatory legs are slender and short (as in other species of the genus). Colour (in spirit) light yellowish; the chelipedes (except the fingers) brownish-pink, carapace sometimes with markings of the same colour. The single male presents the following dimensions :— Adult 3, Lines. Millims. Length of carapace and rostrum, : : : : 114 24 Breadth of carapace, about . i ; : 94 20 Length of a chelipede, : dite kes : : ; 254 54 Length of first ambulatory leg, 15 32 Celebes Sea, 10 fathoms, in lat. 6° 54’ 0” N., long. 122° 18’ 0” E. (Station 212). An adult male and seven adult females. The Challenger specimens are identified with Myra darnleyensis with some uncer- tainty, because, although agreeing with the description and figure of Haswell in what seem to be the essential characteristics of the species, wherein they also differ from others of the genus, z.e.,in the broad and compressed posterior tubercles of the carapace and the greatly elongated fingers of the chelipedes, they differ (it would appear) in the more prominent lobes of the front, the less prominent hepatic tubercle, and the non-granulated male abdomen. A figure is therefore given. The Challenger specimens are all larger than Haswell’s type from Darnley Island. Randallia, Stimpson. Randallia, Stimpson, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. vi. p. 471, 1857. Carapace convex, orbiculate, with the lateral margins regularly arcuated; the posterior margin armed with two lobes or teeth. The front projects but little, and its REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 317 anterior margin is concave. Orbits very small, subcircular, with two or three fissures. The post-abdomen in the male (in the species I have examined) is narrowed at the distal extremity, and at base it covers the whole width of the sternum, between the fifth ambulatory legs. Eyes small. Antennules obliquely plicated. The basal joint of the antenne is well developed, but (in the species I have examined) does not attain the front. The exterior maxillipedes (in Randallia granulata) cover the whole. of the buccal cavity ; the triangulate merus-joit is but little produced at the distal extremity, the exognath is nearly as broad as the endognath, with the distal extremity rounded, the exterior margin straight. The chelipedes (in the males) are well developed; with the merus- joint subcylindrical, palm somewhat compressed, fingers compressed and distally acute ; the ambulatory legs are moderately elongated, the joints not dilated, the dactyli styliform. The type of this genus, Randallia ornata (Randall), is from Upper California. Randalha granulata, n. sp. (Pl. XXVI. fig. 1). The carapace is convex, as broad as or a little broader than long, very coarsely and evenly granulated; the granules larger upon the dorsal than upon the inferior parts of the body. The sulci defining the regions of the carapace are discernible in some places ; the most distinct being the cardiaco-branchial sulci. There is no tooth or prominence upon the hepatic and pterygostomian regions, but the antero-lateral margins, behind the hepatic regions, are slightly indented, . There are two small granulated lobes or prominences upon the posterior margin. The front (in a lateral view) does not project beyond the buccal cavity; it is deeply concave above (in a dorsal view), and therefore bilobate, with the lobes rounded. ‘The orbits are very small, with two superior and an inferior fissure, and with a very distinct inner subocular hiatus. The epistoma is transverse and deeper on the sides than in the middle. The sternum is granulated, the segments of the post-abdomen, except the first, second, and last, are partially coalescent, but marked with distinct sulci indicating the sutures of the coalescent segments; the segments in the male are distinctly granulated, except the terminal segment, the sides are straight and converge from the base of the third to the terminal segment ; the third segment is longest and bears two lateral rounded prominences ; the penultimate segment has a small median tooth at its distal extremity, the terminal segment is narrow, nearly smooth and rounded distally. The antennulary fossettes are rather large and deep, and (as in Stimpson’s description of Randallia ornata) the large basal joints of the antennules. close the aperture which exists between the epistoma and front, the basal joint of the antenne is larger than the following joints, but does not reach the front. The exterior maxillipedes are coarsely granulated; ischium of the endognath longer than the merus, with a smooth inner margin; merus obliquely truncated at the distal extremity; exognath robust, with a nearly straight outer margin, the distal extremity rounded and not quite 318 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. attaining the apex of the merus of the endognath. The chelipedes (in the adult) are robust and somewhat elongated; with the joints granulated but not carinated or toothed; merus (in the adult male) subcylindrical and nearly as long as the carapace; carpus a little shorter than the palm, which is more than half the length of the merus; fingers nearly as long as the palm, compressed, finely granulated, and scarcely toothed on the ~ inner margins. Ambulatory legs slender and moderately elongated, with the dactyli styliform, hairy on the superior margins, and shorter than the penultimate joints. Colour (in spirit) light yellowish-brown. Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length and breadth of carapace, about ; : ; : 124 26 Length of a chelipede, . ; : : : ; : 24 51 Length of first ambulatory leg, about . : : Ne kee 16 33°5 Off Nukalofa, Tongatabu, 240 fathoms (Station 1724), an adult male; Fiji Islands, lat. 20° 56’ 0” S., long. 175° 11’ 0” W., 315 fathoms (Station 173), an adult female and three smaller males. In the small males the terminal post-abdominal segment is as distinctly granulated as the others. Inthadia, Bell. Lithadia, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.), vol. xxi. p. 805, 1855. Of this genus I have examined but three specimens, referable to two species, Ixthadia cariosa, Stimpson, var. and Lithadia (?) sculpta, Haswell, and. I am unable, from the descriptions only, to indicate any constant characters by which it may be distinguished from Kbalia, except such as are derived from the carapace, which is very strongly oranulated and more or less pitted, sulcated, and eroded on the dorsal surface, as in the genera Oreophorus and Spelxophorus ; but in these genera the carapace is dilated at the postero-lateral margins, and more or less produced over the bases of the ambulatory legs. From Actzxomorpha, Miers (perhaps=Osachila, Stimpson), it is distinguished by the form of the carapace, which in the typical species of Actzomorpha (Actwomorpha erosa) is cancroid in shape, with the antero-lateral margins regularly arcuated. The following is, I believe, a complete list of the described species of this genus :— Iithadia cumingit, Bell. Central America; Puerto Portrero (13 fathoms). Lithadia cariosa, Stimpson. North Carolina, southward to Florida, Bahia (?). Inthadia cadaverosa, Stimpson, West of Tortugas; Couch Reef (to 40 fathoms). Inthadia pontifera, Stimpson. Barbados. Iithadia cubensis, von Martens. Cuba. Inthadia brasiliensis, von Martens. Brazil, Rio de Janeiro. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 319 Iithadia lacunosa, Kingsley. Florida, Sarasota Bay. Inthadia rotundata, A. Milne Edwards. Mouth of the Bermejo. Iithadia granulosa, A. Milne Edwards. Santa Cruz (to 115 fathoms). Inthadia (?) sculpta, Haswell. North-East Australia; Fitzroy Islands; Arafura Sea (to 36 fathoms).' Iithadia cariosa, Stimpson, var. (2) (Pl. XXVI. fig. 2). cf. Lithadia cariosa, Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. vi. p. 238, 1860. A small male obtained at Bahia (shallow water) is in the collection, to which Stimpson’s detailed description will apply in all points except the following :—The ridge connecting the front with the median protuberances of the carapace, and also the hepatic regions, are not very prominent and distinctly granulated, and these median protuberances are evenly granulated like the rest of the dorsal surface. The front is without a median fissure. The outer maxillipedes are evenly granulated, and the merus of the chelipedes has a series of more prominent granules on its posterior margin. The dactyli of the ambulatory limbs are indistinctly granulated. The unique specimen is of very small size. The distinctions above cited may prove to be of specific importance, but other specimens are needed for comparison in order to determine this point. Gas Lines. Millims. Length and breadth of carapace, about 4 : ; : 34 75 Length of a chelipede, . ; : : : é , 34 7 Length of first ambulatory leg, : ? : : ‘ 3 65 I cannot identify this form with any of the other described species of this genus. Merocryptus, A. Milne Edwards. Merocryptus, A. Milne Edwards, Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. iv. p. 85, 1873. Carapace dorsally convex and uneven and tuberculated, somewhat rhomboidal, concave on the hepatic regions and on the postero-lateral parts of the branchial regions, and with the branchial regions prolonged at the junction of the antero-lateral and postero-lateral margins, the lobes thus formed somewhat cylindrical as in Iza, but less considerably developed; posterior margin with two prominences, which are most developed in the males. Front concave or bilobated, and rather prominent. Orbits small, with the marginal fissures indistinctly indicated ; the interior hiatus of moderate 1 Ebalia mammillosa, Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. de la Guadeloupe, p. 54, belongs, according to Dr. Stimpson, to this genus ; I have never been able to consult a copy of this work, 320 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. width. The channel defined by the endostomian ridges is not emarginated distally. Post-abdomen (in the male) narrow, and at base covering the sternum between the fifth ambulatory legs, with all the segments except the first and last coalescent. Antennules nearly transversely plicated. Antenne with a rather slender basal joint which does not quite attain the front. The triangulate merus-joint of the endognath of the exterior maxillipedes is shorter than the ischium; the exognath is of moderate width, and its exterior margin is nearly straight. Chelipedes rather robust and short, and shaped nearly as in Lathadia and Oreophorus, with the merus granulated, palm rather short and turgid, fingers compressed and denticulated on the inner margins, but the denticles are not spinuliform. Ambulatory legs short and granulated, with the dactyli styliform and somewhat uncinated. But a single species has as yet been recorded of this curious genus; Merocryptus lambriformis, A. Milne Edwards, whose types were from Upolu. Merocryptus lambriformus, A. Milne Edwards. Merocryptus lambriformis, A. Milne Edwards, Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. i, Heft 4, p. 85, pl. ii. fig. 1, 1873. Bass Straits, off Hast Moncceur Island, 38 fathoms (Station 162), several males and females ; off Twofold Bay, 150 fathoms (Station 163A), two small males. In the smaller males the ‘gastric and cardiac prominences, and the tubercles of the posterior margin, are more prominent and acute than in the adult and fully-grown specimens. The largest male measures as follows :— Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, . é : : ‘ 44 9°5 Breadth of carapace, exclusive of lateral lobes, rather over : : 4 9 Phailyra, Leach. Philyra, Leach, Zool. Miscell., vol. iii. p. 18, 1817. 5 Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 131, 1837. MS Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.), vol. xxi. p. 299, 1855. This genus is nearly allied to Leucosia, but distinguished by the less convex carapace, which is usually granulated or punctulated, but not polished; by the broader front, which is not at all prominent, and usually slightly concave; by the absence of the sinus thoracicus, and by the form of the exognath of the exterior maxillipedes, which is usually much more dilated, and is rounded at the distal extremity, with the exterior margin arcuated. | REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 321 The species are somewhat numerous and occur commonly in the littoral and shallow waters of the Indo-Pacific region. To the species enumerated by Professor Bell the following must be added :-— Philyra variegata (Riippell). Red Sea. Philyra tuberculosa, Stimpson. Hong-Kong. Philyra unidentata, Stimpson. Chinese Seas (to 30 fathoms). Philyra marginata, A. Milne Edwards. Samoan Islands. Phalyra longimana, A. Milne Edwards. New Caledonia. Philyra cristata, Miers. Goree Island. Philyra levidorsalis, Miers. Goree Island. Philyra rectangularis, Miers. Seychelles. Philyra rudis, Miers. Penang. Leucosia orbicularis, Bell, should probably be referred to this genus; it differs from the typical Leucosiz and resembles Philyra in the broader less prominent front, and the absence of the thoracic sinus, but resembles Leucosia and differs from Philyra in the polished carapace. Philyra platycherra (%), de Haan. ’Philyra platychetra, de Haan, Crust. in v. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, decas 5, p. 132, pl. xxxiii. fig. 6, 1841. Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. xxi. p. 300, 1855. 3? bed An adult female, obtained on the South Australian Coast in 2 to 10 fathoms, in April 1871, is referred, but rather doubtfully, to this species. The pterygostomian regions are but very slightly angulated. Adult ?. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, : 5 10°5 * Breadth of carapace, rather over 4} 10 74 16 Length of a chelipede, Subfamily 2. Levcostin x. The frontal region of the carapace is narrowed and produced anteriorly. A thoracic sinus is developed (7.e., a shallow pit in front of and above the bases of the chelipedes).’ The subfamily is restricted to the single genus Leucosia, Fabricius. 1 This curious cavity is not apparently connected with the respiratory chamber, as is the opening in front of the chelipedes in the families Calappide and Dorippide. (ZOOL, CHALL, EXP.—PART XLIx.— 1886.) Cee 41 322 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Leucosia, Fabricius. Leucosia, Fabricius, Entom. Syst. Suppl., p. 349, 1798. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 11. p. 121, 1837. Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. xxi. p. 281, 1855. 9 Carapace convex, semiglobose, smooth and usually polished, without tubercles or indications of the regions of the dorsal surface, the anterior part of the cervical region usually prominent, the front either triangulate, truncated, or with a median cusp. The antero-lateral margins defined by a granulated line, which may extend for a short distance along the postero-lateral margins; beneath the lateral margins is an excavated pit, defined in front of the bases of the chelipedes by a series of granules, and continued as a shallow excavation beneath the postero-lateral margins (senus thoracicus, Bell). The post-abdomen in the male is large and covers the sternum at the base between the fifth ambulatory legs; the first and last segments are usually distinct, the remainder either con- solidated or divided .by a median suture. The eyes and orbits are extremely small; the orbits circular ; the antennules are somewhat obliquely plicated ; the minute antennz are placed beneath the antennules ; their basal joint does not attain the frontal margin: and the small flagellum enters the interior hiatus of the orbit. The exterior maxillipedes completely cover the buccal cavity, the triangulate acute merus of the endognath covers the following joints ; the exognath is distally obtuse and its exterior margin is straight or nearly so. Chelipedes in the adult male subequal, with the merus strongly granulated at its base and usually along the margins ; carpus and palm usually granulated on the interior margins, palm compressed, fingers distally acute. Ambulatory legs rather small, with the joints unarmed, dactyli styliform and compressed. The species of this well-known genus are numerous and are often remarkable for the - beauty of their coloration; they occur commonly in the littoral and shallower waters of the Indo-Pacific region. Besides the species described or adverted to by myself in the memoir above alluded to, the following have been described since.the publication of Mr. Bell’s monograph :— Leucosia splendida, Haswell. Port Jackson. Leucosia, les, Haswell. Torres Strait (Darnley Island); - and two new species, Leucosia australiensis and Leucosia haswelli, are described below. Leucosia australiensis, n. sp. (Pl. XX VII. fig. 1). The carapace is convex, smooth, and has a few scattered punctulations, which are absent from the parts near to the posterior and postero-lateral margins. The antero- 1 The species described by Haswell as Leucosia cheverti is probably, as I have shown, identical with Leucosia whiter, Bell. Ihave also described a new variety of the common Leucosia craniolaris, levimana (Crust. in Rep. Zool. Coll. H.M.S. “Alert,” p. 250, pl. xxvi. fig. A) from the Torres Strait. The variety viridimaculata, Haswell, of Leucosia reticulata, Miers, is not sustained by Mr. Haswell in his Catalogue of the Australian Crustacea, 1882. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 323 _ lateral margins are bordered with a line of granules, which are largest above the bases of the chelipedes; this line terminates just behind the chelipedes; the posterior margin is bor- dered by a minutely granulated line, which is prolonged on each side beneath the postero- lateral margins above the bases of the ambulatory legs. The hepatic region is slightly convex, and in front of it, and behind the front, the sides of the carapace are deeply concave. ‘The front is prominent and somewhat triangulate. The post-abdomen (in the male) is narrow, and is divided in the middle line by a suture (where also its margins are notched), and by two others defining the small basal and terminal segments ; in the (sterile) female the sutures defining the second, third, and fourth segments are more or less distinctly indicated. The form of the thoracic sinus will be best understood by a reference to the figure (fig. 1a); the lobe which. partially defines it in front is granulated on the margin, and contains a series of small tubercles. The exognath of the outer maxillipedes does not attain the distal extremity of the merus-joint of the endognath, and both it and the merus-joint are distally granulated on the outer surface. The chelipedes (of the male) are of moderate length; the merus is granulated near to the base and along the margins nearly as in Leucosva ocellata ; the wrist is smooth; the palm is also smooth, somewhat compressed, with the margins neither granulated nor carinated ; fingers about as long as the palm, slender, obscurely toothed on the distal half of the inner margins, and with the apices incurved. Ambulatory legs slender and smooth, with the penultimate joints compressed and carinated above; dactyli longer than the penulti- mate joints. Ground colour greyish or yellowish, with three white spots on either side of the gastric region of the carapace, which are more or less distinctly annulated with orange, and with a pair of circles of the same colour on the back of the branchial regions and an orange-coloured spot on each postero-lateral margin. ‘The bases of the fingers of the chelipedes and the joints of the ambulatory legs are banded with the same colour. The larger specimen (the female) has the following dimensions :— OF Lines. Millims. Length of carapace and rostrum, : ; : é , 94 20 Breadth of carapace, rather over oe : ; 8 175 Length of a chelipede, nearly : ; oN ag 9 18°5 Port Jackson, 3 fathoms (a sterile female); South Australian Coast, 2 to 10 fathoms (a male). This species is most nearly allied to Leucosia neocaledonica, A. Milne Edwards,! and Leucosia splendida, Haswell,? which also was discovered at Port Jackson; from both of these species it is distinguished by the coloration and by the absence of a line of granules from the inner margin of the palms of the chelipedes.’ 1 Now. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. x. p. 40, pl. ii. fig. 1, 1874. ® Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., vol. iv. p. 47, pl. v. fig. 1, 1879, and Catalogue, p. 119, 1882. * I may note here, that not only Leucosia neocaledonica, A. Milne Edwards, but also Leucosia longifrons, de Haan, and Leucosia pulcherrima, Miers, are regarded by Dr. J. G. de Man as mere synonyms of Leucosia wrania, Herbst (cf, Notes Leyden Mus., vol. iii. p. 123, 1881). 324 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.8. CHALLENGER. Leucosia haswell, n. sp. (Pl. XXVIT. fig. 2), The carapace is shaped nearly as in Leucosia reticulata, Miers, to which this species is nearly allied, 7.e., it is rounded above, convex, smooth and polished, somewhat rhom- boidal, with a prominent front whose anterior margin is straight or very obscurely sinuated, not dentated or emarginated; its upper surface is covered with scattered punctulations which are most abundant on the anterior part; its sides are bordered by a granulated line which extends along the antero-lateral margins and terminates on the postero-lateral margins, just above the bases of the first ambulatory legs; the posterior margin also is defined by a line of smaller granules, which is prolonged along the sides of the body above the bases of the ambulatory legs, and terminates behind the chelipedes. The thoracic sinus is shaped as in Leucosia reticulata, and, as in that species, contains several flattened tubercles. The eyes, antennz, and maxillipedes present nothing remark- able ; the rounded prominence which is observable on the ischium of the outer maxilli- pedes in Leucosia reticulata is not developed, or is very obscurely indicated, in Leucosia haswelli. As in Leucosia reticulata, the merus of the chelipedes is tuberculated in its proximal half, and the tubercles are, as in that species, crowded at the base and extend along the anterior and posterior margins to the distal extremity ; the palm too is compressed, granulated on its inner, and slightly carinated on its exterior margin, as in Leucosia reticulata. The ambulatory legs (as usual in the genus) are slender, feeble and com- pressed, with the penultimate joints carinated above. Coloration, greenish or yellowish, with a large spot of a darker green on the back of each branchial region, and with two white spots on each side of the gastric region; the tubercles of the upper surface of the — merus-joints of the chelipedes in one specimen are crimson-red; the ambulatory legs in both are yellowish. The largest example (a sterile female) is somewhat distorted, and has the following dimensions :— a Lines. Millims. Length of carapace and front, nearly . : ; : : 12 25 Breadth of carapace (allowing for its distortion), nearly . : : 11 23 Length of a chelipede, nearly . : : : : : 114 24 Length of first ambulatory leg, . ‘ ; : : ‘ Y L 20 Arafura Sea, south of New Guinea, in 28 fathoms, lat. 9° 59’ 0” 8:, long. 139° 42” 0” EH. (Station 188), an adult female; Celebes Sea, in 10 fathoms, lat. 6° 54’ 0” N., long. 122° 18’ 0” EK. (Station 212), a sterile female. ts This species in all of its characters nearly resembles Leucosia reticulata, Miers,! from West Australia, from which it is distinguished not only by the different disposition of the markings of the carapace, which more nearly resemble those of Leucosia pallida, * Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) ser. 2, vol. i. p. 237, pl. xxxviii. figs, 13-15, 1877; REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 325 Bell, but also by the absence of the group of hepatic tubercles, which form so conspicuous an ornament of Leucosia reticulata. Leucosia ocellata, Bell. Leucosia ocellata, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. xxi. p. 289, pl. xxxi. fig. 5, 1855; Cat Leucosiide in Brit. Mus., p. 8, 1855. E _ Haswell, Cat. Australian Crust., p. 118, 1882. Arafura Sea, south of New Guinea, 28 fathoms (Station 188), two adult males and a female. . In addition to the four ocellated red spots of the gastric region mentioned by Bell as characteristic of this species, there are, I may add, two obscure yellowish-brown spots on the back of each branchial region. ‘These are always very faintly indicated. An adult male measures as follows :— Adult 3. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, nearly . ‘ ; : . 94 19:5 Breadth of carapace, . ; : : { 3 8 17 Leucosia whiter, Bell. Leucosia whitet, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. xxi. p. 289, pl. xxxi. fig. 2, 1855. Ps ,, Haswell, Cat. Australian Crust., p. 118, 1882. Arafura Sea, south of New Guinea, 28 fathoms, lat. 9° 59’ 0” S., lo ng. 139° 42’ 0” E., (Station 188), an adult male. . Adult ¢@. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, nearly . ‘ : ; ; : 6 12°5 Breadth of carapace, . : é : . . 5} 115 Leucosia craniolaris (Linné) (Pl. XX VII. fig. 3). ? Cancer craniolaris, Linné, Mus. Lud. Ulrice, p. 431, 1764 ; Syst. Nat., ed. xii, p. 1041, 1766. 1 A Herbst, Naturgesch. der Krabben u. Krebse, vol. i. p. 90, pl. ii. fig. 17, 1782. Leucosia crantolaris, Fabricius, Entom. Syst. Suppl, p. 350, 1798. “ Fa Milne Edwards, Hist, Nat. Crust., vol. i. p. 122, 1837. - Pe Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., tom. cit., p. 283, 1855. - 3 var. levimana, Miers, Crust. in Zool. Coll. H.M.S. “Alert,” p. 250, pl. xxvi. fig. A, 1884. Specimens are in the collection from the following localities :— Arafura Sea, south of New Guinea, .28 fathoms, lat. 9° 59’ 0” 8&, long. 139° 42’ 0” H. (Station 188), two small females; and 49 fathoms, lat. 8° 56’ 6” S., 326 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. long. 136° 5’ 0” KE. (Station 190), a small female; also Kobé, Japan, 50 fathoms, two males, and Hong Kong, 10 fathoms, a fully grown female and smaller male. This, which is the largest male, measures as follows :— | Adult 6. Lines. Maillims. Length of carapace, about. ; ; eT 1% 15°5 Breadth of carapace, . : ; : : : 6 13 In the smaller examples of this species the lateral lobes of the front are sometimes obsolete, as in the form described by de Haan as Leucosia rhomboidalis, which may be a variety of Leucosia craniolaris, though perhaps distinguishable by the form of the thoracic sinus. Family [V. DorRIPPID&. Dorippiens, Milne Edwards (pt.), Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 151, 1837. Dorippide, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. xiii, Crust. 1, p. 390, 1882. The afferent channels to the branchize open (normally) behind the pterygostomian regions and in front of the chelipedes; the carpal and following joints of the endognath of the exterior maxillipedes are not concealed by the merus-joint. The two to four posterior legs are short and feeble, and raised on the dorsal surface of the cara- pace, as in many Anomura. (The sexual appendages in the male are exserted from the sternum.) Genera :—Dorippe, Fabricius; Ethusa, Roux (subgenus Ethusina, Smith); ? Cymopolia, Roux; .Corycodus, A. Milne Edwards; ? Cyclodorippe, A. Milne Edwards; Cymonomus, A. Milne Edwards; Cymopolus, A. Milne . ' Edwards; ? Z’ymolus, Stimpson. This family is not very extensively represented in the Challenger collection, and as I have examined no specimens of the genus T'ymolus, or of the new genera recently characterised by A. Milne Edwards, I will not attempt to separate the genera under subfamilies or sectional headings. The genus Cymopolia, as I have. noted below, is related in many points to the Catometopa. Cyclodorippe, A. Milne Kdwards, should. probably be regarded as the type of a distinct subfamily, since there are no openings communicating with the branchiz in front of the chelipedes (in this character this genus establishes the transition to the Leucosiide). REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. . 327 Dorippe, Fabricius. Dorippe, Fabricius, Entom. Syst. Suppl., p. 361, 1798. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 154, 1837. ” Carapace very much depressed on the dorsal surface and usually broader than long ; narrowest in front, and widening to the postero-lateral margins of the branchial regions ; the front is narrow and concave anteriorly ; the interior supraocular angles of the large orbits are produced as a lobe or tooth, and there is a stronger spine at the exterior orbital angle ; they are somewhat incompletely defined below. There is no epistoma, the buccal cavity being narrowed anteriorly and produced between the antennulary fosse to the front. The post-abdomen (in the male) is distinctly seven-jointed. Eyes well developed. The long and nearly vertically plicated antennules are not capable of being retracted within the antennulary fossettes. The basal antennal joint is short and moderately robust, and occupies the interior hiatus of the orbit; the flagellum is well developed. The exterior maxillipedes do not cover the anterior part of the buccal cavity ; the ischium of the endognath is produced at its antero-internal angle; the merus is narrow, shorter than the ischium, and bears the next joint at its antero-internal angle; the exognath is rather narrow and shorter than the endognath. The chelipedes (in the male) are moderately developed and rather large, subequal or unequal, with the merus trigonous; palm moderately compressed (sometimes the palm of one chelipede is considerably enlarged); fingers with regular obtuse denticles on the interior margins, and distally acute. ‘The ambulatory legs of the first and second pairs are very considerably elongated, with the dactyli slender, elongated, and slightly faleated; those of the third and fourth pairs are very slender, short; the last pair raised above the preceding, and both subprehensile, 7.e., terminating in a short, slightly arcuate dactylus, which is reflexible against the short penultimate joint. The species occur both in the Mediterranean, the West Atlantic, and the Indo-Pacific region, in moderately deep water. The following are species which have been described since the publication of Milne: Edwards's work :— Dorippe japonica, v. Siebold. Japan (8 to 50 fathoms); Shanghai. Dorippe granulata, de Haan. Japan (to 30 fathoms); Hong Kong. Dorippe seadentata, Stimpson. Japan (to 30 fathoms). Dorippe armata, White (ined.), Miers. West Africa, Senegambia (to 15 fathoms). Dorippe australiensis, Miers. North-East and East Australia? 1 As I have already noted (Crust. in Rep. Zool. Coll. H.M.S. « Alert,” p. 257, 1884), the common Indo-Pacific species designated by Milne Edwards Dorippe quadridentata, is probably the Cancer dorsipes of Linné. 328 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Dorippe facchino (Herbst). Cancer facchino, Herbst (pt.), Naturgesch. der Krabben u. Krebse, vol. i. p. 190, pl. xi. fig. 68, 1782. Dorippa sima, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii, p. 157, pl. xx. fig. 11, 1837. facchino, de Haan, Crust. in v. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, p. 123, 1841. ) * R Stimpson, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 163, 1858. Hong Kong, 10 fathoms (an adult male). Adult g. Lines. Millims. | Length of carapace, . : 5 . < . 4 11 23°5 Breadth of carapace, . : : ‘ : ; : 13 27°5 The chelipedes in this specimen are small, subequal, and not robust.’ Dorippe japonica, v. Siebold. Dorippa japonica, v. Siebold, Spicilegia, Fauna Japonica, p. 14, 1824. - xf de Haan, Crust. in v. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, p. 122, pl. xxxi. fig. 1 (Dorippe callida, Fabricius, on plate), 1841. Japan, Kobé (8 to 15 fathoms), an adult male. This specimen has the following dimensions :— Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, nearly. : : . ; : 8 16°5 Breadth of carapace, . , : . ; : : 8 16°5 Length of a chelipede, : . . : . ‘ 8 Ly Length of first ambulatory leg, : a ‘ : : 254 54 The branchial regions are convex, the right and left chelipedes are similar in form and development. ; Ethusa, Roux. Ethusa, Roux, Crust. de la Mediterranée, pl. xviii, 1828, text not paged. . Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. ii. p. 161, 1837. Ethusina, Smith, subgenus (?), Ann. Rep. Com. Fish and Fisheries, 1882, p. 349, 1844. Carapace depressed, subquadrilateral, and usually much longer than broad; the cervical and cardiaco-branchial sutures distinctly defined. Front bilobated, the lobes divided by a deep median sinus, and each terminating in two spines, one of which is the interior orbital spine ; there is also a spine at the exterior orbital angle. Orbits rather large and shallow, incompletely defined, with the superior margin deeply sinuated or emarginated. The buccal cavity is rather abruptly narrowed and triangulate towards the distal extremity. The post-abdomen (in the male) is usually distinctly seven-jointed. 1 Dorippe sima, Milne Edwards, is, as de Haan has pointed out (Crust. in v. Siebold, Fauna Japonica, p. 123), almost certainly identical with the crab figured by Herbst as Cancer facchino. But Herbst says in his description of this species, wherein he correctly distinguishes between it and the Mediterranean Dorippe lanata, “ Man findet sie sowohl am mittel- lindische Meere, als an den Ost-Indischen Kusten,” and there is a specimen purporting, though upon no reliable authority, to have been obtained in the Mediterranean, in the collection of the Museum. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 329 The eye-peduncles are sometimes short, but in the typical species they extend beyond the level of the orbits. The exterior maxillipedes do not cover the anterior part of the buccal cavity ; the ischium of the endognath is slightly produced at its antero-internal angle, the merus is much shorter than the ischium and distally truncated or subtruncated, with the antero-external angle rounded, and bears the next joint at its antero-internal angle; the endognath is slender. Chelipedes (in the male) either equal or unequal, and of moderate size ; with the merus-joint trigonous or subcylindrical, the palm compressed, and sometimes one or the other dilated, the fingers distally acute, and scarcely toothed on the inner margins. The ambulatory legs of the first two pairs are elongated and rather slender; the dactyli styliform and slightly arcuated; those of the last two pairs, as in Dorippe, are short and feeble, and the last pair is raised above the preceding, they are subprehensile and terminate in a very short curved claw. The species of this genus are not numerous and are the forms which evince the greatest degree of degradation from the Brachyuran type; there are also among them forms which inhabit the deepest abysses of the ocean. The species known to me are the following :— Ethusa mascarone, Roux. Mediterranean (to 445 metres, A. Milne Edwards). Canaries ; Senegambia. Ethusa americana, A. Milne Edwards. West Florida (to 20 fathoms). Ethusa microphthalma, Smith. South Coast of New England (to 156 fathoms) ; Azores (1000 fathoms). Ethusa orientalis, n. sp. Fiji Islands (310 fathoms). Ethusa (Ethusina) abyssicola, Smith. East Coast of United States (to 1735 fathoms). Ethusa (Ethusina) sinuatifrons, n. sp. Japan Seas (to 1875 fathoms). Ethusa (Ethusina) gracilipes, n. sp. Philippines (to 700 fathoms); Arafura Sea (to 800 fathoms), var. robusta, nov.' Ethusa microphthalma, Smith. . Hithusa microphthalma, Smith, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. iii. p. 418, 1881; vol. vi. p. 22, 1883, published 1884, Azores 1000 fathoms, in lat. 38° 30’ 0” N., long. 31° 14’ 0” W. (Station 78). A small female. 2 Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, . : 3 \ ; ¢ , 34 75 Breadth of carapace, about . : ; ; ‘ : 3 6°5 1 Professor S. I. Smith (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. iii. p. 419, 1881) refers to a species, Ethusa sexdentata, from Japan. J am unacquainted with this form unless by it be intended the species briefly described by Stimpson as Dorippe seadentuta. Hthusa granulata, Norman, has been recently referred by A. Milne Edwards to a distinct genus (Cynomomus). (Z00L, CHALL, EXP.—PART XLIX.—1886.) Cec 42 300 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. The carapace in this specimen is a little longer than broad; the single chelipede remaining is very slender. In all particulars this specimen agrees very closely with the description of 8. I. Smith. Ethusa orientalis, n. sp. (Pl. XXVIII. fig. 1). Carapace slightly longer than broad, depressed, everywhere granulated, on the dorsal and inferior surface, with the cervical and cardiaco-branchial sutures strongly defined. The front is divided by a triangulate median sinus into two lobes, each of which is tipped with two spines, so that the front is quadrispinose, and there is a strong triangulate tooth or lobe at the exterior orbital angle, which projects forwards to a level with the frontal teeth; the lateral margins of the carapace are straight and converge slightly to the front as in other species of the genus. There is no distinct epistoma. The post-abdomen (in the male) is distinctly seven-jointed; the terminal segment triangulate and subacute. The eye-peduncles are subcylindrical and small. The bases of the antennules are moderately dilated, and are not armed with distal spinules. The basal joint of the antennee is slender, and although more elongated than in some other species does not attain the front. The exterior maxillipedes are granulated and are shaped as in other species of the genus, 7.e., the ischium of the endognath is slightly produced at its antero- internal angle and the merus is rounded at the antero-internal angle and obliquely truncated along the antero-internal margin ; the exognath is very slender. The chelipedes (in the male) are either subequal or unequal, smooth, with the merus very obscurely trigonous, carpus short, the larger palm somewhat dilated and compressed, and rather. longer than the fingers, which are distally acute and not denticulated on the inner margins; the palm of the smaller chelipede (or of both chelipedes in one specimen) are very slender, not thicker than the wrist. The legs of the second and third pairs are moderately robust and elongated, but less slender than in the species of the subgenus Lithusina, the dactyli are but very little longer than the penultimate joints; those of the fourth and fifth pairs are short and moderately robust, with very small dactyli. Both the specimens are unfortunately very imperfect. T'wo male specimens were collected at the Fiji Islands, in 810 fathoms, Station 173a, Mat. 19 29882) a ony eyo yt bebo eH, The specimen with unequal chelipedes, which is slightly smaller than the other, measures as follows :— Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, . : j : ; : ; (es 165°) Breadth of carapace, about . ; : : : : ‘6 15 Length of larger chelipede, . ; q - : : 113 24 Length of third leg, . : : ‘ : Ne 5 234 49°5 Length of fourth leg, : 5 ; 5 : : 84 18 REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. dol The larger male differs not only in the small subequal chelipedes, but also in the form of the post-abdomen, which is slightly broader in proportion to its length. Ethusina, Smith. Ethusina, Smith, Ann. Rep. Com. of Fish and Fisheries, 1882, p. 349, 1884. This genus (or subgenus as I prefer to regard it) is, according to Smith, closely allied to Ethusa, but is distinguished by the form of the antennules, whose basal segments are very large and swollen, occupy the whole width of the front, and crowd back the eyes and antenne into an almost transverse position, nearly beneath the exterior orbital angles, which are reduced to small lateral teeth, far back from the front. The eye-stalks are very small and immovably imbedded in the orbits, which closely inclose them to near the tips, except for a narrow space beneath. In the typical species Ethusina abyssicola, Smith, dredged off the east coast of the United States (1497 to 1735 fathoms), there are, according to Professor Smith, no podo- branchize at the bases of the first gnathopods, so that there are only six branchize on each side ; two arthrobranchiee each at the base of the second gnathopod and first pereiopod, and one pleurobranchia each for the second and third pereiopods. There are in the collection of H.M.S. Challenger two species, which on account of the structure of the antennules and eye-peduncles I assign to this genus. One of these species is unfortunately represented only by a single mutilated example. Hthusa (Ethusina) challengeri, n. sp. (Pl. XXVIII. fig. 2). Carapace about as broad as long, depressed above, with the cervical and cardiaco- branchial sutures very indistinctly defined; the lateral margins nearly straight, and converging to the front, so that the body, as in Hthusina abyssicola, is much narrower in front than posteriorly. The front is not quadridentated, but sinuated, and concave in the middle line, where it is prolonged downwards (as in Hthusina abyssicola) between the bases of the antennules, and is in contact with the narrow median process of the epistoma. The orbits are very incompletely defined, and the exterior orbital spine or tooth, which is developed on one side only, is very short. The post-abdomen (in the female) is dis- tinctly seven-jointed. The eye-peduncles are short, and taper from the bases to the distal extremity ; the eyes are small, and terminal. The bases of the antennules are very large and swollen, subglobose. The basal joint of the antenne is short and slender, and does not nearly attain the front (the flagellum is broken in the specimen examined). The exterior maxillipedes do not cover the anterior part of the buccal cavity, which is narrowed very abruptly (as in Hthusina abyssicola); the ischium is produced and rounded at its antero-internal angle. The merus is distally somewhat rounded, and is do2 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. obliquely truncated along its antero-internal margin; the exognath is very slender and does not attain the distal extremity of the merus of the endognath. The chelipedes (in the female) are subequal and slender; with the merus-joint but very obscurely trigonous; carpus very small, unarmed ; palm short, slightly compressed, rounded above and below ; fingers compressed, acute, and not denticulated on the inner margins. The legs of the second and third pairs are slender, with the joints subcylindrical ; the dactylus (a single one only remains loosely attached to the third left ambulatory leg) is slightly curved, and rather longer than the penultimate joint. The legs of the fourth and fifth ‘pairs are very slender and subcylindrical, much shorter than the preceding, and terminate in a small dactylus which is shorter than the penultimate joint. The body and limbs are scantily clothed with a very short close greyish pubescence. Q. Lines. Millims. Length and breadth of carapace, about ‘ : ; , 6 12°5 Length of a chelipede, nearly : : . ! ’ 9 185 Length of third left ambulatory leg, . : ; : : 204 43°5 Length of fourth ambulatory leg, about 4 : : : (fs 16 The single specimen, which is a female, probably adult, was taken at Station 237, in 1875 fathoms, lat. 34° 37’ 0” N., long. 140° 32’ 0” E. This is the greatest depth at which any Brachyurous Crustacean was taken by the Expedition, and also, I believe, the greatest depth hitherto recorded for any species of Crab. , Ethusa (Ethusina) gracilipes, n. sp. (Pl. XXVIII. fig. 3). Carapace depressed, finely granulated, longer than broad, and narrowed anteriorly ; with the cervical and cardiaco-branchial sutures distinctly defined ; the front is armed with four spines, the two median of which are separated from one another by a some- what wider and deeper interspace than that which intervenes between them and the two exterior spines; the spine at the exterior orbital angle is strongly developed; the orbits are incompletely defined. The epistoma is very narrow, transverse. The post- abdomen (in the male) is narrow and. five-jointed, with the third to fifth segments coalescent. The eyes are small and taper but very slightly, if at all, from the base. The bases of the antennules are considerably dilated, as in Ethusa sinuatifrons, and usually bear a small distal spine or tubercle. The basal joint of the antennze is short and slender and does not nearly attain the front; the flagellum is considerably elongated, reaching, when retracted, to the posterior margin of the carapace. The exterior maxillipedes are shaped nearly as in Ethusa sinuwatifrons, but the ischium of the endognath is narrower and less robust. The chelipedes (in the male) are subequal and very slender, with the merus subcylindrical; carpus very short; palm but little REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. Joo longer than the carpus, slightly compressed, and shorter than the fingers, which are slender, scarcely denticulated on the inner margins and are slightly decussate at the acute apices. The legs of the second and third pairs (in the typical form) are greatly elongated and very slender, with the joints smooth, the dactyli slightly curved, and exceeding the penultimate joints in length. Those of the fourth and fifth pairs are (in the typical variety) nearly filiform; the dactyli very short. The body and limbs are covered with an extremely short brownish or whitish pubescence. Of this species two very distinct varieties were collected; the first represented by two adult males and two females, at Station 207, near the Philippines, in 700 fathoms, lat. 12° 21’ 0” N., long. 122° 15’ 0” E., the second by three adult females, dredged in 800 fathoms, in the Arafura Sea, Station 191, lat. 5° 41’ 0” S., long. 134° 4’ 30” E., and by an adult and larger female obtained in the Banda Sea, in 1425 fathoms, lat. 4° 21’ 0” §., long. 129° 7’ 0” E. (Station 195). The first-mentioned variety was selected for description because there are males of it; the second variety is distinguished by the more dilated bases of the antennules, the slightly tapering, not cylindrical, eye-peduncles, and the more robust chelipedes and ambulatory legs. I propose to designate it var. robusta. Adult ¢. Lines. Millims. Length and breadth of carapace, .. 2 ‘ ; ; 43 9°5 Length of a chelipede, nearly : : : ; 8 165 Length of third leg, . : : : : : : 19 40 Length of fourth leg, nearly . ‘ : ‘ : 2 6 12 The adult female specimen of the variety robusta, from 1425 fathoms (Station 195), which ‘only differs from the specimens taken in 800 fathoms (Station 191) in the slightly more convex carapace, with more deeply accentuated sutures and the somewhat shorter exterior orbital spines, measures as follows :— Adult 9. Lines. Millims. Length and breadth of carapace, nearly : ‘ ; : (fe 15°5 Length of a chelipede, : ; : : : 11 23 Length of third ambulatory leg, nearly : : : : 2543 53°5 Length of fourth ambulatory leg, about : ‘ é : 1B: 23 Cymopolia, Roux. Cymopolia, Roux, Crust. de la Mediterranée, pl. xxi., 1828. Pp Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust, vol. ii. p. 158, 1837. Of this genus I have only examined three species, Cymopolia caroniwi, Roux, Cymo- polia jukesi, White, and Cymopolia whitei, Miers, the numerous species recently described by A. Milne Edwards being unrepresented in the collections of H.M.S. 304 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Challenger and of the Museum, as is also Cymopolia gracilis, Smith, it is therefore impossible for me to draw up a satisfactory description of the genus, the typical species of which are, however, sufficiently distinguished from Dorzppe and Lthusa by their much more broadly tranverse carapace, with dentated (not spinose) front, and dentated antero-lateral margins, and by the nearly quadrate, not triangulate, buccal cavity, in which characters they more nearly resemble certain Catometopa than the Oxystomata. The afferent channel to the branchiz opens immediately at the bases of the chelipedes, and is not separated from them, as in the species of Dorippe. This genus is not very nearly allied either to Dorippe or Ethusa, and should not perhaps be referred to the same family, but it is retained in the vicinity of Hthusa by A. Milne Edwards and other authors, and here, accordingly, I retain it for the present. The following species have been described :-— Cymopolia caroni, Roux. Mediterranean; Cape Verde Islands. Cymopolia jukesii, White. North and North-East Australia; Sir C. Hardy Island ; Celebes Sea (to 10 fathoms). Cymopolia obesa, A. Milne Edwards. \ Cymopolia dilatata, A. Milne Edwards. Cymopolia dentata, A. Milne Edwards. Cymopolia cristatepes, A. Milne Edwards. Gulf of Mexico and Florida Straits Cymopolia cursor, A. Milne Edwards. (to 298 fathoms). Cymopolia gracilipes, A. Milne Edwards. Cymopolia sica, A. Milne Edwards. Cymopolia acutifrons, A. Milne Edwards. | Cymopolia gracilis, Smith. New England (to 142 fathoms). Cymopolia whitei, Miers. Seychelles (4 to 12 fathoms). Cymopolia caronii, Roux. Cymopolia caronti, Roux, Crust. de la Mediterranée, pl. xxi. figs. 1-7. + * Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust, vol. ii. p. 159, 1837. is A Lucas, Animaux articulés in Explor. Sci. de l Algérie, Crust., p. 25, pl. iii. fig. 1, 1849. 3 5 Heller, Crust, des siidlichen Europa, p. 140, pl. iv. fig. 8, 1863. St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands, July 1873. An adult female, bearing ova. oF Lines. Millims. Length of carapace, : : . ‘ 41 9°5 Breadth of carapace, rather over ; ; i ‘ : 5 11 The specimen agrees closely with the figure of Roux, and with specimens referred to this species from the Canary Islands, in the collection of the Museum, but the merus- joints are perhaps slightly more dilated than is usual. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 300 Cymopolia jukesii, White. Cymopolia jukesti, White, App. to Jukes’ Voy. H.M.S. “Fly,” p. 338, pl. it fig. 1. rd » Miers, Crust. in Zool. of H.M.SS. “Erebus” and ‘ Terror,’ No. xx. p. 3, pl. iii. fig. 4, 1874. Celebes Sea, lat. 6° 54’ 0” N., long. 122° 18’ 0” E., in 10 fathoms (Station 212). An adult female, bearing ova. Adult ¢. Length of carapace, Breadth of carapace, . Lines. Millims. 9°5, Ti-5 ou bop bo} The specimen is imperfect, having lost two of the legs, but one of these, the first of the ambulatory legs on the right hand side, is replaced by a new and imperfectly developed limb, measuring only 5 lines (10°5 mm.). APPENDIX. This long list of Errata must be attributed to the cause adverted to in the Introduction, which rendered it impossible for me to correct the sheets as they were passing through the press. Page 282, line 21, insert the following definition of the group Oxystomata or Leucosiidea, which was unfortunately wanting in the MSS. when sent to the editor for press, I being uncertain whether the group should be sustained :— OXYSTOMATA or LEUCOSIIDEA. Carapace convex or depressed, transverse, with the antero-lateral margins arcuated or orbiculate, or even subglobose, or more or less oblong, with subparallel or slightly con- vergent margins (Dorippide). Epistome very much reduced or rudimentary. Buccal cavity more or less triangulate, nearly always produced and narrowed in front, with the margins anteriorly convergent. The afferent channels to the branchie enter either behind the pterygostomian regions and in front of the chelipedes, or, more rarely, at the antero-lateral angles of the palate (Leucosiide). Branchie six to nine (Claus). Antennules longitudinally or obliquely plicated. The carpal joint of the exterior maxillipedes is articulated either at the antero-internal angle or at the antero-external angle or at the distal extremity of the merus, and is frequently concealed bengath it. The verges of the male are exserted either from the sternal surface or more usually from the bases of the fifth pair of legs, which are either gressorial, natatorial, or feeble and raised upon the dorsal surface of the carapace. The Oxystomata constitute a large but somewhat heterogeneous group, characterised generally by the triangulate or narrowed buccal cavity and the position of the afferent branchial channels, and related on the one hand to the Oxyrhyncha through the Leucosiide, and with the Anomura through the Dorippide. ‘This group includes among the highly- specialised Leucosiidee some of the most beautiful of the littoral species, and others (Calap- pide, Leucosiidee) no less remarkable for peculiarity of form and structure. Matuta, in which genus all the legs are natatorial, is one of the best adapted for swimming of all the genera of Brachyura, and among the remarkable genera of the group Dorippide are found the forms which inhabit the deepest ocean depths, and those which most nearly approach the Anomura in the structure of the buccal organs and of the ambulatory legs. Page 19, line 2 from bottom, for “ Menethiwm” read “ Menzthius.” Page 40, line 8 from bottom, for “ Halmius” read “ Halimus.” Page 40, line 3 from bottom, for “ Peltina” read “ Peltinia.” Page 53, line 7 from bottom, for “ Arctopisis” read “ Arctopsis.” Page 56, lines 27-29. This short paragraph, beginning with the words, “ The name Hyastenus,” should be placed in a footnote, and the following paragraph, which contains the enumeration of species of Section 2 of the genus Hyastenus, should run on after the words, “ Targioni- Tozzetti ” in that section. Page 83, line 11, for “ tenwidus” read “ twmidus.” Page 87, line 14, for “ruber” read “ ruber.” Page 92, line 10, for “ Parthenopoides, Miers” read “ Parthenolambrus, A. Milne Edwards.” Page 99, line 10, for “erowded” read “ eroded.” Page 108 (footnote). In this footnote, which exhibits in a tabulated form the parallelism existing between the genera comprised in the subsections a and 6 of the typical Cancride, the genera with acute finger-tips are placed in the left hand column and those with excavated (ZOOL. CHALL, EXP.—PART XLIx.—1886.) Cee 43 338 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S8. CHALLENGER. finger-tips in the right hand column. The genus Lophozozymus, in which the fingers are not excavated, should be transferred from the right hand column and placed after Lophactza, A. Milne Edwards, and in like manner the genera Panopeus, Milne Edwards, and Micropanope, Stimpson, in which the finger-tips are acute, should be placed in the left hand column, after Xanthodes, Dana. Page 113, line 8 from bottom, for “ A. Milne Edwards” read “ Milne Edwards.” Page 118, lines 18 and 24, for “ Medxus granulatus” read “ Medwus haswellt.” Page 118, line 3 from bottom, for “ Banarcia” read “ Banareia.” Page 135, line 14, for “ranged” read “ ranges.” Page 136, line 10, for “ plain” read “ plane.” Page 139, line 20, for “angulatus” read “ ungulatus.” Page 146, line 23, for “ Kepler” read “ Kessler.” Page 147, line 16, for “ melanecanthus” read “ melanacanthus.” Page 149, line 13, for “ vanquelinw ” read “ vauquelinit.” Page 172, line 21, for “'T. J. Smith” read,“ S. I. Smith.” (See also p. 219, line 7, p. 220, line 14, p. 222, line 29, p. 267, line 21, where for “S. J. Smith” read “8S. I. Smith.”) Page 180, line 3 from bottom, for “ Amphitrite” read “ Achelous.” Page 184, line 10 from bottom, for “ Gonisoma” read “ Goniosoma.” Page 189, line 5 from bottom, for “ Gontosoma bispinosum” read “ Cronus bispinosus. Page 190, line 13 from bottom, for “ Hoffman ” read “ Hoffmann.” Page 208, line 12 from bottom, for “ Plagusetis” read “ Plagusetes,” Page 210, line 11, after “ Hypopeltarvwm” erase the words “n. gen.” Page 220, line 6, for “ cressum” read “ crassum.” Page 226, last line, for “ Limoda” read “ Simoda.” Page 255, line 6, for “ fossetts” read “ fossettes,” and at line 23, for “ trigosus” read “ strigosus.” Page 260, line 11 from bottom, wsert a semicolon after the word “ distinct.” Page 269, last line, insert a comma after the word “types.” Page 2'74, lines 17, 18, 19; page 275, line 17; page 278, lines 2, 23, 25, 27, 28; and at page 279, line 7, for “ Myers read “ Mycteris.” Page 275, line 13, and at page 278, line 1, for “ Myctirine ” read “ Mycterine.” Page 282, line 20, for “1825” read “ 1853.” Page 295, line 4, for “ leneifera” read “ linetfera.” Page 301, line 8 from bottom, for “later” read “ lateral.” Page 302, line 7 from bottom, for “young male” read “ sterile female.” Page 303; line 10 from bottom, for “ Leucisea” read “ Leucisca. Page 304, line 29, for “ Heller” read “ Haller.” Page 305, lines 6, 7 from bottom, for “ spinosa” read “ wndecimspinosa.” Page 308, line 10 from bottom, insert a comma, and the word “are” after “ remain.” Page 310, line 3 from bottom, for “each intestinal region ” read “ the intestinal region.” Page 323, line 12, before the word “ contains” insert “ it.” Page 329, line 14 from bottom, for “sinnatifrons” read “ challengeri.” Page 332, line 22, for “ Pl. XXVIII. fig. 3” read “Pl. XXIX. fig. 1. Page 333, line 17, after the words “var. robusta” insert a reference to the figure “(Pl. XXIX, fig, 2).” a? In the Explanation to the Plates :— Plate I. fig. 3a is magnified 5 diameters. Plate VIII. fig. 1b is magnified 3 diameters. Plate IV. fig. 1¢ is magnified 3 diameters, Plate X. fig. 3b is magnified 4 diameters. Plate IV. fig. 2, for “mosleyi” read “ moseleyt.” Plate XI. fig. 2c is magnified 6 diameters, Plate IV. fig. 2c is magnified 3 diameters. Plate XVI. fig. 1d is magnified 5 diameters, NINTH Note.—Synonyms are printed in ¢talics; the more important pages are indicated by darker type. ACANTHOCARPUS, Stimpson, AcANTHOCYCLUS, Milne Ed- wards and Lucas, . JS gayi, Milne Edwards and Incas, ci villosus, Strahl, ACANTHONYCHIDA, . ACANTHONYCHINA, . AcantTHonyx, Latreille, . brevifrons, A. Milne Ed- wards, : concameratus, Kinahan, consobrinus, A. Milne Edwards, debilis, Dana, : dentatus, Milne Edwards, elongatus, White, . emarginatus, Milne fax wards and Lucas, limbatus, A. Milne att wards, . : lunulatus (Risso), . lunulatus, Guérin-Méné- ville, F mac-leayii, Krauss, petiverii, Milne Edwards, quadridentatus, Krauss, scutellatus, MacLeay, . simplex, Dana, viridis, Costa, : AcANTHOPHRYS, A. Milne Hd- wards, . ; A ; aculeatus, A. Milne Ed- wards, ; cristimanus, . F filholi, A. Milne Edwards, ACANTHOPLAX, Milne Edwards, ACANTHOPUS, de Haan, . ACANTHUS, Lockington, Acumopsis, Stimpson, giintheri, Miers, Page 283, 289, 293 v, xiii, 208 Plate Figure Xxxli, Xxxvii xli, xlvii, 209 209 xe x, 34 x, 39, 40, 42 42, 43 42 43 42 39 48 42 43 { xviii, xxxvi xliii, 43 42 43 42 43 43 43 42 52, 53 ie sa 52 52 237, 242 271 145 x, 6, 18, 28 18 AcH#opsis—continued. spinulosus, Stimpson, Acuamus, Leach, . t affinis, Miers, 3 2 breviceps, Haswell, brevirostris (Haswell), cranchii, Leach, japonicus, de Haan, lacertosus, Stimpson, levioculis, Miers, . j lorina, Adams and White, spinosus, Miers, tenuicollis, n. sp.,. tuberculatus, Miers, ACHELOUS, de Haan, depressifrons, Stimpson, granulatus, A. Milne Ed- wards, ; granulatus, var. spinosus, Miers, paucispinus, Lockington, spinicarpus, Stimpson, . spintmanus, Latreille, uni- unispinosus, Miers, whitet, A. Milne Edwards, ACMOPLEURA, Stimpson, AoctmA, de Haan, acantha (Milne Hdwards), affinis, A. Milne Edwards, bella, A. Milne Edwards, Plate I. Figure Page SOdh 9.6.9.4) xliii, 18 x, 6, 8, 18 8 8 8 8 ene XXXVili xliii, 8, 9 8 8 8, 10 8, 10 Xxi, Xxii I. 3 {ssa xliii SO a0: 8 xiii, 169, 171 172, 174, 179 180,181, 187 eee Xxxvii “ Uxlvi, 181 XXVili, Xxx XXXVii, Resa 180, 181 180 174 182 172, 180 SEV XR VIL xlvi, 180 eek Sioa be xlvi, 179, 180 : 266 yn 108, 118 xlvi 119, 123, 133 135 121 135 134 340 Actma—continued. calculosa, Milne Edwards, carcharias, White, . consobrina, A. Milne Edwards, dovii, Stimpson, glabra (Kossmann), granulata (Audowin), hirsutissima (Riippell), . hystrix, 7. sp., margaritaria, A. Milne | Edwards, P a) nodosa, Stimpson, nodulosa, White, . parvula (de Haan), peronii (Jliine Edwards), pilosa, Stimpson, tufopunctata (MMiine Ea- wards), . rufopunctata (Milne Ea- wards), var. nodosa, spinifera, Kingsley, sulcata, Stimpson, . tomentosa, A. Milne Edwards, AcTZODES, Dana, afjfinis, Dana, bellus, Dana, cavipes, Dana, faba, Dana, . fragifer (White), meaxicanus, Lockington, . nodipes, Heller, polyacanthus, Heller, pubescens (Milne EHd- wards), : speciosa, Dana, tomentosus (Milne Ea- wards), variolosus (4. Milne Ed- wards), xantho, Lockington, AcCTHOMORPHA, Jfzers, erosa, Miers, . Actumnus, Dana, AMATHIA, Roux, AmorpuHorts, Bell, . AMPHITRITE, de Haan, argentata, White, . depressifrons, Stimpsdn, THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Plate Figure Page XI. 122 122 119 119 119 XXV, XXXvVi } xlv, 120, 122 ogy Segal xlv, 120 XXV, XXxXvi xlv, 119, 121 119 122 toe XXxvi xlv, 120 119 reat, TSSigial {= xlv 119, 122 120 122 xe Vd ia XIV Lee 119 119 1385 xii, 108, 119, Naeitrah ise 135 134 133 135 135 138 135 135 135 135 { XXVIii, Xxxvi xlv, 135 135 119 294, 318 318 119 x, 12, 25, 26 275 (xiii, 169, 171 | 172,174, 179 1 180, 181, 183 \187 177 181 hastatoides, de Haan, hastatus, Linne, longispinosa, Dana, « « rugosus, A. Milne Edwards, spinimanus, . spinipes, 2. sp., tuberculosus, A. Milne Ed- wards, vigilans, Dana, Anamatata, S. J. Smith, agassizii, Smith, crassa (A. Milne Ed- words), . ; ; hystrix (Stimpson), modesta (Stimpson), pulchra, n. sp., . é IV. rissoana, Rouwz, tanneri, Smith, Anasimus, 4. Milne Edwards, Antsonotus, A. Milne Edwards, ANTISOPUS, de Haan, punctatus, de Haan, ApPocREMNUS, A. Milne sal wards, septemspinosus, A. AZilne Edwards, ARCANTIA, Leach, duodecimspinosa, Miers, globata, Stimpson, . granulosa, Miers, novem-spinosa, Adams and White, var. | aspera, Miers, orientalis, Miers, pulcherrima, Haswell, septemspinosa, Bel/, septemspinosa (Fabricius), undecimspinosa, de Haan, xxviii, xxxvii, xlvi AMPHITRITE—continued. Plate Figure Page edwardsii, Lockington, . sae 188 gibbesit (Stimpson), 181 XXvi, xxxix gladiator, de Haan, {ats 172 177, 180 gladiator, var. argentatus, } { xxix, xxxvii White, . xlvi, 177 XXVi, XXvVii XXX RE XXXVIi, xXxxix, oxbyi L175, 178 a Xvii, xxxix xlvi, vate XXV, XXviii xxix, xxxvii xlvi, 176 172, 180 178 XXVii, xXxxvii, xlvi 176 183 | x, 12,25, 28, 31 26 Xxix, x xliii, 26 25, 26, 27 26 12 12 170, 201 202 eg IDE ales XX,XXxv,xliii 17 xvi, 298, 299 800, 305 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 SXVL eR . 4 XXXi,xXxxviii xlix, 300 299 Plate ArcTopsis, Lamarck, lanata, Lamarck, . tribulus (Linné), ARENZUS, Dana, bidens, S. I. Smith, ASTHENOGNATHID#, Stimpson, ASTHENOGNATHUS, Stimpson, . ATELECYCLUS, Leach, spinulosus, White, ATERGATIS, de Haan, asperimanus, White, compressipes, MacLeay, . floridus (Linné), insularis, Adams and White, levigatus, A. Edwards, lateralis, White, marginatus, de Haan, montrouzieri, A. ce Miine Edwards, _. ; nitidus, A. Milne Ed- wards, . : roseus, Liippell, roseus, var. alba, Kossmann, scrobiculatus, Heller, ATERGATOPSIS, A. Milne Ed- wards, : amoyensis, de Haan, granulatus, A. Milne Edwards, ; AULACOLAMBRUS, A. Milne Ed- wards, : ; hoplonotus, Adams oes White, . : hoplonotus, var. granulosus, hoplonotus, var. dongioculis, BANAREIA, A. Milne Edwards BATHYNECTES, Stimpson, BatuypPiax, A. Milne Edwards, typhlus, A. Milne Ed- wards, var. oculi- ex ferus, nov., - Bewtia, Milne Hdwards, . BELLIDILIA, Kinahan, serratocostis, Kinahan, undecimspinosa, Kinahan, BRACHYGRAPSUS, Kingsley, kingsleyt, Miers, levis, Kingsley, BracHynotus, de Haan, . edwardsii, Hilgendorf, . longitarsis (Miers), ; (ZOOL, CHALL. FXP.—PART XLIX.—1886.) Figure Page x, 53 55 xvii, xviii . 4 XXxvili, xliv 55 ‘169, 171 172 275 275 vii, 211 211 xii, 108, 111 112, 118, 123 112 112 XXVii, XXVili Xxxvi, xlv \ 112 112 112 112 xii, 108, 123 123 LOG! Po-gah:< xlv, 123 xi, 93, 97, 100 XXV, XXXvi xliv, xlv, 98 Xxxvi, xlv, 98 Xxxix, xly, 99 118 170, 186, 192 Wiad oo xiv, 223, 280 3 oe XXxix, xl xlviii, 2380 208 xvi, 303 305, 308, 309 309 228, 231 232 232 xiv, 264 264 264 REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. BRACHYNOTUS—continued. penicillatus (de Haan), . sexdentatus, Risso, BRACHVURES, Milne Edwards, CaxLocairus, Nauck, CMNOPHTHALMUS, A. Milne _ Edwards, ; CaLArpa, Fabricius, angustata, 4. Milne Edwards, bocaget, B. Capello, convexa, Saussure, depressa,, 2. sp., flammea (Herbst), gallina (Herbst), galloides, Stimpson, gallus (Herbst), gallus, var. bicornis, Miers, granulata, de Haan, &c., granulata (Linné), guérinii, B. Capello, hepatica (Latretlle), lophos (Herbst), marmorata, Desmarest, moniziana, B. Capello, pelii, Herklots, rubroguttata, Herklots, sandwichien, Eydoux and Souleyet, sanguineo-guttata, de Haan, tuberculata, Fabricius, zantusiana, Stimpson, CALAPPIDA, CALAPPINE, . ; y A CALAPPIENS, Milne Edwards, . CALLIDACTYLUS, Stimpson, CALLINECTES, Stimpson, CAMARA, de Haan, CAMPTANDRIUM, Stimpson, CAM: TONYX, Heller, CaMPTroPLax, Miers, CancER, Lamarck, . admete, Herbst, zneus, Latreille, antennarius, Stimpson, . 341 Plate Figure Page XXX, XXXVil xlviii, 264 264 170 (xv, 283, 288 289, 290, 293 284 284 284 Xxii, XXXvVili XXIII. 2 } xix 284 286, 287, 288 xx, Od, NOME 1 XXxVil, xlix 284 284 286 ( SGvil babe box | xxvii,xxxviti . 1 noeebe, | sdlise | 284, 286, 288 L 289 284, 286 284, 285 { xvili, xxxix ' ( xlix, 285,338 284 XML, XKVIL XXxX1, XXXVill xlix, 285, 288 Xxlil, Xxxix Syne at od be. 286 | 87, 288 xv, xlix, 282 xv, 283 XV, 282 298 169, 172 283 223 171 223 xii, 107, 108 109, 131 194 134 110 Cec 44 342 CaNcER—continued. arachnoides, Rumph, araneus, Latreille, arenarius, Catesby, berardii, de Haan, biaculeatus, Montagu, borealis, Stinupson, bufo, Herbst, callianassa, Herbst, ceratophthalmus, Pallas, chabrus, Latreille, . contrarius, Herbst, coronatus, Herbst, corrugatus, Pennant, coryphe, Herbst, craniolaris, Linné, cruciatus, Herbst, . cupheus, Linné, cursor, Linné, cymodoce, Herbst, . depressus, Fabricius, dorsipes, Linné, ; edwardsii, var. annulipes, | Miers, : Jacchino, Herbst, . JSerrugineus, Herbst, jlammea, Herbst, . jloridus, Linné, JSornicatus, Fabricius, gallus, Herbst, gonagra, Fabricius, granulatus, Audouin, granulatus, Linné, grapsus, Linné, hastatus, Linné, hepaticus, Linné, hisptdus, Herbst, . hydrophilus, Herbst, inequalis, Audouin, imeanus, Forskal, . imcisus, Leach, irroratus, Say, limosus, Say, litteratus, Fabricius, lobatus, Milne Edwards, longimanus, Linné, longipes, Bel/, longipes, Linné, longirostris, Herbst, lophos, Herbst, lunaris, Herbst, maculatus, Linné, . mediterraneus, Herbst, messor, Forskal, miniatus, Desbonne sa Schramm, minutus, Linné, nigerrimus, Desbonneand t Schramm, THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Plate Figure Page 44 47 240 215 55 110 47 191 238 273 94 89 200 89 325 191 314 240 166 273 327 110 318, 272, 328 146 284 112 102 286 163 120 285 255 175, 285 88 124 137 148 124 110 141 265 113 95 XXXli, Xxxvi xlv, 110 44 55 286 284, CANCER—continued. ocyrée, Herbst, pelagicus, Linné, phalangiwm, Pennant, . planatus, Fabricius, poressa, Olivi, ~* prymna, Herbst, punctatus, Browne, punctatus, Herbst, recurvidens (Spence Bate), rufopunctatus, Herbst, . sagittarius, Fabricius, sanguineo-guttatus, Herbst, sanguinolentus, Herbst, . scorpio, Fabricius, . septemspinosus, Fabricius, serratus, Forskal, . spectabilis, Herbst, squamosus, Herbst, strigosus, Herbst, . tetragonon, Herbst, tribulus, Linné, . : tuberculatus, Herbst, ursus, Herbst, variegatus, Fabricius, vestitus, de Haan, . victor, Fabricius, vocans, Linné, i CANCERIENS, Milne Edwards, . ARQUES, Milne Edwards, CRYPTOPHTHALMES, _CANCERIENS CORYPTO- PODES, Milne Edwards, . CANCERIENS QUADRILATERES, Milne Edwards, : CANCRI BRACHYURI, Lamarck, CANCRID&, ; ‘ 5 CANOCRINA, : CANCRINEA, . . CANCROIDEA, Dana, | CANCROIDEA GRAPSIDICA, Dana, TyPica, Capuyra, Guérin, CAPHYRINA, é CARCINASPIS, Stimpson, . CARCININA, : : CARCINOPLACINA, . : ‘ CARCINOPLAX, Milne Edwards, integra, Miers, . : vestitus, Milne Edwards, CARCINIENS, A, Milne Ed- wards, CARCININA, Carcinus, Leach, CARDISOMA, Latreille, carnifex (Latreille), CarDiosoma, Latreille, armatum, Herklots, barbatus, Milne Edwards, Page 112 173 6 281 124 197 ABR Bae 312 a ae 313, 314 110 167 4 285 174 19 300 185 118, 114 272 256 243 55 285 86 257 229 295 242 xii, 106 x Ose xi x, 2, 106 Plate Figure xii, 107, 163 : xu, xly, 106 xii, 107 xii, 106 xii, xlv, 106 212 106 ipl 170 303 199 xiv, 222, 223 222, 223, 233 233 229 170 170 oe 219 : 220 xiv, 218, 219 xix, xli xlvii, 220 220 CARDIOSOMA—continued. barbiger (Peppiq), carnifex (Herbst), . crassum, Smith, diurnum, Gill, guanhumi, Latreille, hirtipes, Dana, hirtipes, de Van, . latimanus, Lockington, . obesum, Dana, j quadratum, Saussure, . urvillei, Milne Edwards, CaRPILius, Desmarest, Leach, convexus (Forskal), lividus, Gibbes, maculatus (Linné), pretermissus, Gibbes, CARPILODES, Dana, . : - bellus (Dana), cinctimanus (Adams and White), . dia (White), . edwardsii, Kossmann, granulosus, Haswell, longimanus (4. yaa Edwards), margaritatus, 4. Milne Edwards, monticulosus, 4. Milne Edwards, CARUPA, Dana, CARUPIENS, A. Milne Edwards, CATOMETOPA, CATOMETOPES, Milne Edwards CatorTrus, A. Milne Edwards, CERATOCARCINUS, Adams and White, it dilatatus, A. "Milne Ed- wards, | longimanus, eae ail White, J speciosa, Dana, spinosus, Miers, CERATOPLAX, Stimpson, arcuata, Miers, ciliata, Stimpson, levis, Miers,.. Plate Figure Page * om: 220 ( DOO, | POAD< f J XXXi, xli | xlvii, 219 \ 220, 221 220 220 xix, xli, xlvii b 4 219, 220 219 221 220 219 220 220 } xii, 107, 108 T10R ttt! valil Thiel lear XXxvi xlv, 111 ani XIX. 132, 133, 134 136 { XXVIli, XXXVi xlv, 133, 134 | xii, 108, 119 125, 133 133 133 133 133 133 133 169, 205 169 xiv, xlvii, 216 xiv, 216 223 xii, 91, 104 105 poe XXXVi xlv, 105 105 105 xiv, 223, 233 234, 235, 236 XXVIj XX XE . + xiviii, 2384, 235 ie XXXxvii xlviii, 234 234 REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. CH#£NosToma, Stimpson, boscit, CHALZPUS, Gerstecker, . trispinosus (Herbst), CHARYBDEA, Péron et Lesueur, CHARYBDIS, de Haan, variegatus, de Haan, CHASMAGNATHUS, de Haan, CHLORINOIDES, Haswell, . ; acanthonotus ‘(Adams and White), aculeatus (Milne Edwards) aculeatus, var. armatus, Miers, coppingeri (Haswell), filholi (4A. Milne Edwards), halimoides ( White), longispinus (de Haan), . longispinus, var. bituber- culatus, Miers, spatulifer (aswell), tenuirostris, Haswell, CHLORODIUS, Dana, areolatus, Adams eg ‘ White, edwardsit, Helter Jischeri, Lockington, floridanus, Gibbes, limosus, Desbonne and Schramm, monticulosus, Dana, obscurus, Jacquinot aut Lucas, : sanguineus, Milne Kd- wards, CHLOROLIBINIA gracilipes, Has well, . CHorRILIA, Dana, oryx, A. Milne Eansards, CHORILIBINIA, Lockington, angusta, Lockington, gracilipes, Miers, . CuHorinus, Leach, acanthonotus, ddams ond White, . ; aculeatus, Milne Edwards, armatus, Randall, . longispina (de Haan), CLEISTOSTOMA, de Haan, Coryconus, A. Milne Edwards, CORYRHYNCHUS, Kingsley, ritset, Kingsley, CORYSTES, punctatus, de rece viginti-spinosa, de Haan, Vil. 343 Plate Figure Page xiv, 237, 251 meth XXXVli xlviii, 252 223, 224 224 189 170, 189, 192 190 268, 269 .. x, 19, 43, 51, 52 53 53 53 fie XXXVili xliv, 52, 53 52 53 52, 58 52, 53 52 52 136, 139 139 137 137 137 137 139 139 137, 138 46 x, 56 xxvi, 58 x, 45 45, 46 XXV, XXvVi ...4 XXXVi, XXxvViii xliv, 45, 46 45, 52 53 53 76 53 , 237 326 x, 10, 11 11 vii 202 212 344 CORYSTIENS, Milne Edwards, . CORYSTOIDEA, CoRYSTOIDES, Lucas, Crontus, Stimpson, bispinosus, 7. sp., . THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Plate XV, milleri (A. Milne Edwards), ruber (Lamarck), . ; Crossoronotus, 4. Milne Ed- wards, Cryprocnemus, Stimpson, ' CrypTocawLoma, Miers, CrrypropopiA, Milne Edwards, fornicata (Fabricius), granulata, Gibbes, spatulifrons, Miers, spatulifrons, var. mana, Miers, . leyi- Cryprosoma, Brullé, bairdii, Stimpson, . cristatum (Leach), dentatum, Brudllé, granulosum (de Haan), orientis, Adams and White, CURTONOTUS, de Haan, vestitus, de Haan, CYCLINEA, CyoLoca@ioma, Miers, CycLoporiprr, A. Milne Ka. wards, : CYCLOES, de Haan, . Cyclograpsus latreillet, Edwards, CYCLOMETOPA, ; CYCLOMETOPES, Milne Edwards, Cymo, de Haan, Cyrmonomus, 4. Milne Riwords Cyrmopoia, Roux, acutifrons, 4. Milne Ka. wards, Milne caronii, Roux, eristatipes, 4. Milne Hd- wards, cursor, 4. Milne Rapords duftota A, Milne ar wards, . . dilatata, zh Milne Ed- wards, . : gracilipes, 4. Milne Ea. wards, gracilis, Smith, jukesii, White, Figure Page xiii, 209 .. xiii, xlvii, 209 208 xiii, 170, 187 188 XX, XXxvil { xlvi, 188,189 188, 189 188, 189 208 297 149, 223 xi, 101, 102 ser rene XXX1x * (xly, 102 103 102 120 Ve 283, 288 291, 292, 293 293 { XVili, xxxviil xlix, 293 293 293 291 222, 223 229 xiii, xlvii, 208 84 326 . XV, 283, 292,293 268 xii, xlv, 106 xii, 106 208 326, 329 xvi, 326, 383 334 XViii, XxxvVili 1, 338, 334 334 334 334 334 3384 334 XXIX, XXXVili 1,333,334, 3835 CymopoL1A—continued. obesa, A. Milne Edwards, sica, A. Milne Edwards, whitei, Jers, Cymopouvs, A. Milne Bdeourds, Cyrrrocrapsus, Dana, CYBTOMAIA, 7. gen., murrayi, 2. sp., suhmii, 7. sp., Denaanits, MacLeay, acanthopus, MacLeay, dentatus (Milne Edwards), DIONE, afinis, de Haan, Discopiax, A. Milne Edwards, longipes, A. Milne Edwards, DissoDAcTyLus, Smith, DocieEA, Milne Edwards and Lucas, orientalis, Miers, DoriPpa facchino, de Haan, japonica, de Hann, sima, Milne Edwards, Dorper, Fabricius, armata, White, australiensis, Miers, eallida, Fabricius, . facchino (Herbst), . granulata, de Haan, japonica, v. Siebold, lanata, quadridentata, Hilne Ed- wards, sexdentata, Stimpson, sima, DoripPipa, : DORIPPIENS, Milne Rawatde: DoORYNCHUS thomsoni, Norman, Dorrit, Stimpson, Doro (de Haan), DRYOPE falcipoda, and Schramm, EZBALIINZA, Desbonne Epauia, Leach, affinis, Miers, algerica, Lucas, aspera, Costa, bituberculata, Miers, costx, Heller, cranchii (Leach), crassipes (Bell), Plate Ill. III. Figure 1 2 Page 334 334 338, 334 326 © 257, 264 Xd, Le xvi, xl, xliii {3 x pis xl, xliii x, 39 39 NER XXKV xliii, 39 { DG Od, CON) xliii 67 260 260 274 72, 73 73 328 328 328 xvi, 326, 327 329, 334 327 327 328 XXVii, XXXVlii 1, 328 327 EO.) Obi be 1, 327, 328 328 327 327, 329 328 xvi, 1, 326 Xvi, 326 x, 28 ix, 274, 275 ix, 274, 275 11 xvi xvi, 299, 303 304, 312 805 304 “304 305 305 Te esd DOA >o-ehti XXXViii, 2OGdbey Sib 305, 307 REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 345 EBALIA—continued. Plate Figure Page | EaEr1A—continued. Plate Figure Page xxli, XXXVili XXVi, xxix dentifrons, n. sp.,. | . XXY. 4 {atc 305, arachnoides (Rumph), XxXVi 310 Xxxviil, xliv deshayesti, Lucas, . 304 44 discrepans, Costa, . ‘ 304 herbstti, Milne Edwards, 44 edwardsii, Costa, 304 indica, Leach, 44 elegans, Capello, 305 | EvAmENA, Milne Edwards, 275 erosa, (A. Milne Edwards), 305 | EvameEnopsis,’A. Milne Edwards, 275 fragifera, Miers, 305, 307 | EnoptotamsBrus, A. Milne Ed- va granulata (Rippell), 305, 307 wards, granulosa (Haswell), 305 | Enromonyx, Miers, rf! granulosa, Milne Edwards, 304, 810 | Epratrus, Milne Edwards, 38, 43 insignis, Lucas, 304 | Epicrapsus, Heller, xiv, 265, 266 intermedia, 7. sp.,. : XXV. EaeEria, Leach, ; { XX ee OCKLX. xlix, 305, 308 { xxiii, XXXViii x, 44, 46 | politus, Heiler, Ere@asticus, A. Milne Edwards, challengeri, n. sp., { XXV, XXxviii xlviii, 266 { x, 12, 29, 31 levis (Bell), . xl, xlix, 305 32 306 clouei, 4. Milne Hdwards, 30, 31 ; {ats XXxix naresii, m. sp., Lee xiii lambriformis (Bed/), xlix, 305 29, 30 306 ERIOCHEIR pencillatus, de Haan, 264 maderensis, Stimpson, BUD ne date Aer ee eee ; : xii, 107, 109 mammillosa, Desbonne 162 and Schramm, ei? armata, Dana, 218 miliaris, 4A. Milne Ed- AOR fordii, MacLeay, 162 wards, ‘ a {Bese XXXvVii ette Aiered een 305 SN aed * xlvi, 162,163 nux, Norman, 305 granulosa, 4. Milne Edwards, 162 orientalis, Kossmann, 305 levimana, Milne Hdwards, 162 pulchella, 4. Milne Ed- rugosa, Milne Edwards, . 162 wards, . ; : ety seabricula, Dana, . 162 quadrata (4. Milne Ed- 805 smithit, MacLeay . 162 wards), . spinifrons (Herbst), 162 quadridentata, Gray, 305, 309 squamata, Stimpson, 162 quadridentata, Gray, var. | ee - ile XXXVili trapeziformis, Hess, i + ‘spinifera, nov., a < 2 a 305, EripuHipsa, Dana, 5 hat Pe ramsayi (Haswell), iG Dy eta Mekal aii. 334 rhomboidalis, Miers, 305 abyssicola (Smith), 329 setubalensis, Capello, 305 americana, A. Milne Ed- ) 399 spinosa, 4. Milne Kd- ae wards, j wards, . : ; ‘ NOGA, 289.47 stimpsonii, 4. Milne Ed- ee cal alia a a ae xli, 1, 881 wards, 305 “i 1 xxviil, xli, | tuberculata, Miers, 305, 307 Bin oa ea { 329, 332 i, xxi} xxil “ys xxvi, xxvii tuberculosa (4. Milne XXili, XXxix AL MAS Ah Br: XxXIX, 2 {= xli, 1 Edwards), xx. 1) x1 xlix, 305 ai 329, 333 306, 307 granulata, Norman, 231, 329 tuberosa (Pennant), , 304, 305 mascarone, Roux, , : 329 tumefacta (Mont.), 304 microphthalma, Smith, . .. Xvii, xli, 1,329 undecimspinosa (Kinahan), ‘ i 305 Grenier nS Seve eee? oll, a : ; ; xO, | Roath 329, 330 undecimspinosa (Kina \ Ope é ; . 4 XXXviili, xlix sexdentata, ir 329 han), var. orbicularis, | {= xvi, 326. 328 ; . | Erausina, Smith, . aad 2 EBALIINE, Stimpson, xvi 330, 331 ECHINOPLAX, 7. gen, Re x, 12, 80, 31 abyssicola, Smith, . 329, 331 moseleyi, 7. sp.,’ . ; Iv, 2) xxix,xl, xliii,32 orem XXXV xli, 1, 331 346 ErHusina—continued. gractlipes, gracilipes, var. robusta, Erisopxs, Dana, Erisus, Milne Edwards, . anaglyptus, Milne Hdwards, convexus, Stimpson, dentatus, Milne Hdwards, . deflexus, Dana, levimanus, Randall, macrodactylus, Jacqui- not and Lucas, maculatus, Heller, occidentalis, White, punctatus, Jacquinot and Lucas, c rhynchophorus (A. Milne Edwards), utilis, Jacquinot and Lucas, EUCHIROGRAPSUS, Milne Ldwards, EvcoratEr, de Haan, sexdentata, Haswell, EvcRATOPLAX, A Milne Ed- wards, EUCRATOPSINA, Srnec Evoratopsis, 8. £. Smith, EUCTENOTA, Gerstecker, mexicana, Gerstacker, EUMEDONINA, j EupiLuMNus, Kossmann, EUPHYLAX, Stimpson, Kueiax, Milne Edwards, boscii, Milne Hdwards, . boseii (Audouin), . leptophthalmus, Milne Edwards, EuPLEURODON, Stimpson, EUPROGNATHA, Stimpson, rastellifera, Stimpson, EURYCARCINUS, A. aciea tt wards, grandidieri, A. eae wards, . : " EURYOZIUS, swb-gen. nov., EUROPANOPEUS, swb-gen. nov. . EURYPLACINA, EURYPLAX, Stimpson, EuRYPODIDA, Stimpson, . Evurypopius, Guérin-Ménéville, latreillei, ville, Guérin-Méné- } Plate Page xxvii, 1, 329 332 eae XXVll Pe SEK, XL, ol 329, 333 132 xii, 108, 131 132 Figure 132 132 132 132 XXXI Xxiv, . | sc xlv 131, 182 132 132 137 132 131, 132 1381 252 227 229 222 223, 222 222 169, 171, 172 172 xii, 104 145 206 xiv, 237, 251 pee XXXVIii xlviii, 251 252 Zou 38 12 13 142 142 xii, 109, 142 124, 130, 140 222 xy 2 2k XXX, XXxili 3 XXXV,XXXVili xliii, 21, 22, 23, 24 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S8. CHALLENGER. EuryPopius—continued. longirostris, 7. sp., Evrytium, Stimpson, affine, (Streets and Ringslen), limosum (Say), EUXANTHODES, Paulson, Fasra, Dana, . LISHERIA, depresst, Leelinetens FRrEVILLEA, A. Milne Edwards, GALENE, de Haan, . bispinosus (Herbst), granulata, Miers, natalensis, Krauss, GALLUS, de Haan, gallus, de Haan, gallus (Herbst), . GECARCINACEA, Milne Edwards, GECARCINID#, Dana, GECARCINIENS, Milne Ravaras GELASIMUS, Latreille, annulipes, Milne Edwards, annulipes, var. albimana, | Kossmann, chlorophthalmus, Mine} Edwards, cimatodus, Rochebrune, . cultrimanus, Adams and | White, gaimardi, Milne Basearels macrodactylus, Milne Hd- wards and Lucas, marionis, Milne Edwards, nitidus, Dana, perplexus, Milne Héwards, porcellanus, White, pulchellus, Stimpson, rectilatus, Lockington, . rubripes, Jacquinot aa Lucas, splendidus, Stimpson, tetragonon (Herbst), thomsoni, Kirk, . vocans (Linné), GEOCARCINIDA, GEOCARCINUS, Leach, barbatus, Peppig, . depressus, Saussure, lagostoma, wards lateralis, Plate Milne Hd- } XVIII. Figure Page xxxii, xl, xliti 22, 23 xii, 109, 140 140 BOC Leesan! xlv, 140, 141 ace 118 274 xi 83 ie 225 ..107, 118,222, 224 118 118 142 Xv, 283 286 288 216 _Xiv, 216 xiv, 216 xiv, 207, 237 238, 241, 242 Sev, eer e . 4 XXXVI, xlviii 244, 245 244 245 241 242 245. 245 244 242 244, 245 244 244, 245 244 { XXVlll, XXXVIi xlvili, 243 - 244 XXVil, Sxxx1 : | sxx, xlvili 242, 243 241 XXIV, XXVii : {cw 242, 243 xiv, xlvii, 216 xiv, 217, 219 218 218 9 { soba, | oedlt xlvii, 217,218 Tio Ls GEOCARCINUS—continued. planatus, Stimpson, regius, Peppig, GEOGRAPSUS, Stimpson, é brevipes, Milne Edwards, crinipes, Dana, depressus, Heller, . eydouxi, Milne Edwards, grayi, Milne Edwards, . hillii (Kingsley), lividus, Milne Edwards, (?) longipes (4. Milne Ed- wards), . t longitarsis (Dana), occidentalis, Stimpson, . rubidus, Stimpson, GEOTHELPHUSA, Stimpson, dehaanti (White), GERYON, Kroyer, incertus, 7. sp., longipes, 4. Miine Edwards, quinquedens, Smith, tridens, Kréyer, GLYPTOPLAX, Smith, : GnatHocraApsus, A. Milne Ed- wards, . 4 ‘ pilipes, 4. Milne Edwards, GomEzA, Gray, bicornis, Gray, serrata, Dana, : viginti-spinosa, A. Milne Edwards, GoNATORHYNCHUS, Haswell, tumidus, Haswell, . GoNIOGRAPSUS, Dana, cruentatus, Dana, . innotatus, Dana, marmoratus, Fabricius, Gontorsis, de Haan, cruentatus (Latreille), flavipes, MacLeay, . pulcher (Lockington), Gontosoma, A. Milne Edwards, acutifrons, de Man, acutum, 4. Milne Edwards, callianassa, 4. Milne Ed- wards, : eruciferum (fabricius), . dane, A. Milne Edwards, dubium, Hoffmann, REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. Page 218 218 xiv, 260, 261 260 Plate Figure 260 | 260 one 261 xxiv, xxxvii ; {sais 260 261 261 260 261 260 260 260 xiii, 214 { 255k, SOS * (xli, xlvii, 215 xiv, 223, 224 pee con; adh xlvili,224,225 224 224 224 222 XVI. 262 262, 263 xiii, 210, 211 tone XXXVil ' (xlvii, 212 212 212 x, 12, 24 i ches XXXV xliii, 25 259 267 259 259 xiv, 266 ae XXXViil ' Uxlviii, 267 256 267 xiii, 170, 184 187, 188, 189 192 190 190 191 { XXVil, Xxxvii xlvii, 191 192 190 GonrosomA—continued. erythrodactylum, } Lamarck, : hellerii, 4. Milne Edwards, longifrons, A. Milne Ed- wards, orientale, Dana, ornatum, 4. Milne Edwards, spiniferum, d/ers, . variegatum (Fabricius), . yariegatum, var. bimacu- latum, nov., GONOPLACES CANCEROIDES, GONOPLACES VIGILS, GONOPLACIENS, GONOPLACINA, GoNOPLAX, Leach, rhomboides (Linné), sinuatifrons, 2. sp., GRAPSILLUS, MacLeay, maculatus, MacLeay, subinteger, MacLeay GRAPSIDA, GRAPSINZ:, GRAPSINI, ; GRAPSOIDEA, Dana, ; GRAPSOIDIENS, Milne Edwards, Grapsus, Lamarck, zthiopicus, Hilgendorf, . crinipes, Dana, cruentatus, Latreille, gaimardii, Audouin, gracilipes, Milne Hdwards, grayi, Milne Edwards, . inornatus, Hess, maculatus (Catesby), maculatus, Milne Edwards, messor, Milne Edwards, . pictus, Latreille, pictus, var. ocellatus, Studer, pusillus, de Haan, simplex, Herklots, . strigosus (Herbst), variegatus, Latreille, webbi, Milne Edwards, . Gu14, Milne Edwards, HAuicarcinus, White, t leachii, WVicolet, lucasii, Vicolet, 347 Plate Figure Page 188 190 190 190 ier XXxix xlvii, 191 190 xlvi, 190, 191 aes 3 ita, Xxxix xlvi, 191 237 237 236 237, 245 Tee 237, 245 N27 246 XXVll, XXXVll 2 | xx xlviii 245, 246 163 165 165 WEXIV, RL Valls 252 xiv, 252, 253 253 xiv, 216 ‘ xiv, 252 {258 254, 257 XX, 258, 260, 267 258 261 267 258 255 261 257 XVili, xix, xx See {= XXXvli xlvili, 255 255, 256 258 255 255, 256 254 : 255 XXVIi, XXXVii a {sui 255 256 257 256 xvi, 303, 311 KV, 275, 279 280 281 281 348 HALICARCINUS—continued. ovatus, Stimpson, . planatus (Fabricius), HALIMEDE (de Haan), HALIMUS, ; : HEDROPHTHALMUS, Nawck, HEtice, de Haan, crassa, Dana, latreillei, Milne wards, vay. , longipes (Krauss), HELLENvS, 4. Milne Edwards, spinicarpus (Stimpson), . HELacrus, Dana, HeEmipiax, Heller, . hirtipes, Heller, HEPATINA, Herpatus, Latr ela Hersstia, Milne Edwards, camptacantha, Stimpson, condyliata (Herbst), crassipes, 4. Milne Ed- wards, - depressa (Stimpson), edwardsii (Bel?), eryophora, Rochebrune, . ovata, Stimpson, parviformis (Randall), pubescens, Stimpson, pyriformis (Bell), . rubra, 4. Milne Edwards, tumida, Stimpson, . violacea (A. Milne Edwards), HERBSTIELLA, Stimpson, . depressa, Stimpson, HETERACTmHA, Lockington, HETrEROCRYPTA, Stimpson, granulata (Gibbes), macrobrachia, Stimpson, maltzani, Miers, marionis, A. Milne Edwards, HIETEROGRAPSUS, Lucas, VII. 1 { XVlii, xxxvi Plate Figure Page x1, xxii an Fy SROMvabhesyee-gb:< xlix, 281, 282 XVli, XXxili ves XxXxix, xl xlix, 281,282 ilaby/ 40 170, 206 xiv, 268 { XXli, XXXVlii xlvili, 269 Ea- XX1V, XXVill XXI. 2 + xxxviii, xlviii, 268 268 { xiii, 199, 171 182 rey, Sally Sedhiat 172, 182 237, 242 xiv, 237, 250 { xxiii, xxxvii ’ ( xlviii, 251 294 oe 294 PX 40;) 4 ODO 49 49, 51 49 Oe = b6:6.4;pU0! 2 + xl, xliv, 49 51 49 49 ee XXXVi xliv, 49, 50 49 49 49, 50 xliv, 49, 50 49 eke XXXvi xliv, 49, 50 x, 49, 50 Vet XXXViii xl, xliv, 51 147 xi, 102 Oe, | Soeogl xlv, 103 103 ete XXxix xl, xlv, 108 103 264 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.8. CHALLENGER. HTETEROGRAPSUS—continued. Plate penicillatus, Stimpson, sexdentatus, Milne Edwards, HETEROPANOPE, Stimpson, dentatus (Adamsand White), HETEROPLAX, Stimpson, . nitidus, Miers, Hererozivs, 4. Milne Roiente HEXAPODINA, Hexapus, de Haan, Ho.omeEtopus, Milne pes aubryt, A. Milne Edwards, HoLoTHURIOPHILUS, Nauck, HurEniA, de Haan, bifurcata, Streets, . brevirostrata, Dana, depressa, 4.Milne Edwards, erandidieri, 4. Milne Edwards, pacifica, Miers, proteus, de Haan, . simplex, Dana, Hyas, Leach, aranea (Linné), bufonius, White, coarctata, Leach, coarctata, var, alutacea, Brandt, . latifrons, Stimpson, lyrata, Dana, serratus, Hailstone, HYASTENUS, White, aries (Latreiille), convexus, Miers, diacanthus (de Haan,) . elegans, . sp., ; VI. gracilirostris, Miers, japonicus, Miers, . longipes (Dana), oryx, A. Milne Edwards, ovatus (Dana), planasius (Addams and White), . pleione (Herbst), sebe, White, . sinope, Adams and White, Figure Page XXX, XXXvii xlviii, 264 264 129 129 146, 223, 227 227 125 275 275 269 XXV, XXvil XXX ROVE xlviii, 271 274 x, 34, 35 35 35 35 35 35 XXV,0) exe fos xxxv, xiii 35 35 x 46, (62 fer” XXXVili xliv, 47 47, 48 (rene XXXVili xliv, 47, 48 48 47, 48 47 48 x, 55, 56, 59 61, 62 56 56 XKViy) * XXVU . 4 XXXvVi,xxxvili xliv, 56, 57 { xxvl, xl, xliv 56, 57, 58 56 56, 57 56, 57 XXVl, XXVili | xx xliv 56, 57, 58, 59 56, 57 . { XXVl, XXXVili xliv, 56, 57 56 56 56 HYASTENUS—continued. spinosus (4. Milne Ed- wards), . . verreauxii, A. Milne Ed- wards, HIYMENICIN#, Dana, Hymentcus, Dana, . HymeENnosoma, Desmarest, HymeEnosoma, Leach, gaudichaudii, Ménéville, geometricum, Stimpson, . Guérin- orbiculare, Desmarest, orbiculare, Latreille, planatwm, Haswell, FIYMENOSOMINZ, HYPOPELTARIUM, 2. gen., spinosulum (White), HIVPOPHTHALMUS, Richters, In1a, Fabricius, Fe ILIACANTHA, Stimpson, globosa, Stimpson, . intermedia, n. sp.,. sparsa, Stinupson, subglobosa, Stimpson, ILIINz, . : ILYOPLAX, ercenson, INACHIDA, INACHIN#, ; InacHorpsEs, Milne Edwards. : Inacnus, Fabricius, aguiaril, B. Capello, arabicus, Ltdéppell, . australis, Gray, dorhynchus, Leach, dorsettensis (Pennant), . kampferi, de Haan, leptochirus, Leach, leptorhynchus, Desmarest, leptorinchus, Milne Edwards, mauritanicus, Lucas, mauritanicus, var. latus, Brandt, musivus, Otto, thoracicus, Rowe, .. tuberculatus, Lockington, TpHicuLus, Adams and White, puis, Leach, . septemspinosa, Leach, septemspinosus, Haswell, Ixa, Leach, canaliculata, Leach, eylindrus, Fabricius, REPORT Plate Figure Page 56, 57 56 xv, 275 275, 280, 281 seas XV, 205 . Xv, 279, 280,281 280 280 ton XXXVili " (xlix, 280 280 281 xv, 275, 279 xiii, 210 XXxli, XXxXill : | sain xlvii,210,211 223 298, 302 xvi, 298, 301 302 3 xOG, 9:6-0:6/000 xlix, 302 802 302, 303 xvi, 297 237 x, xlili, 2 oe alas 12 Ke 75 18,195 27, 28, 33, 34 19 19 19 183) 19 33 { XVill, XXXVIli xliii, 19, 20 19 20 19 XXVI. 19 5B 19 19 297, 298 ... XVi, 298, 299, 300 300 299 xvi, 298, 300 301, 319 301 301 (ZOOL. CHALL. EXP.—PART XLIX. 1886. ) ON THE BRACHYURA. _ Txa—continued. cylindrus (Fabricius), var. megaspis, edwardsiz, Lucas, . inermis, Leach, megaspis, Adams and White, KAMPFERIA, LAGOSTOMA nodosa, Randall, LAHAINA, Dana, Lamprus, Leach, ; é Lamprus, 4, Milne Edwards, affinis, 4. Milne Edwards, agonus, Stimpson, angulifrons (Latreille), . bicarinatus, Miers, bouvieri, A. Milne Edwards, calappoides (Adams and White), . carenatus, White, contrarius (Herbst), crenulatus, Saussure, curvispinus, Miers, defiexifrons, Miers, depressioculus, Séimpson, . diacanthus, de Haan, echinatus (Herbst), erosus, Miers, excavatus, Stimpson, expansus, Miers, fraterculus, Stimpson, frons-acutis, Lockington, gracilipes, A. Milne Ed- wards, gracilis, Dana, granulatus, Kingsley, guérinit, F. de B, Capello, guérinii, var. (?), Capello, harpax, Adams and White, holdsworthii, Miers, hoplonotus, Adams and White, hoplonotus, var. apatite losus, Miers, . hoplonotus, oculis, Miers, . hoplonotus, var. olani: frons, Miers, . hyponcus, Stimpson, intermedius, Miers, laciniatus, de Haan, levicarpus, Miers, 4 4 var. longi- | ; 349 Plate Figure Page { XXVIll, XXxVili xlix, 301 301 301 301 33 137 3g, 1X8) xi, 91, 100, 102 Ame xi, 92 TOF, F2OR A! ; {a 94, 95, 96 94 94 99 93 cia XXXVI " (xlv, 99, 101 98 XXVili, XXXVi | a, 93, 94, 95 93, 94 98 94 94 98 93 99 100 jee XXxix “" (xly, 99, 100 93 100 100 94 97 BOG, -BS0:618! ‘ {a 94, 96 97 96 99 93 XxV, xliv,xlv 98 - 5 {ae XXxvi xlv, 98 Viet Xxxix Uxly, 98, 99 98 a 94 XXV, XXXVi x. 4 {am 938, 95 96 93 fic 93 Cee 45 350 LAMBRUS— continued. lamellifrons, Adams and White, lamelliger, White, longimanus (Linné), longispinus, Miers, lupoides, White, massena, Roux, massena, Rouw, var. atlan- ticus, Miers, . macrocheles (Herbst), mediterrancus, Roux, mossambicanus (Biancont), nodosus, Jacquinot and Incas, pelagicus, Riippell, pisoides, Adamsand White, pourtalesii, Stimpson, pugilator, 4. Milne mts wards, : pulchellus, 4. Milne Ed- wards, : rhombicus, Dana, . rugosus, Stimpson, rugosus, var. atlantica, Miers, rugosus, var. goreensis, Miers, rumphii, Bleeker, . sandrockii, Haswell, . sculptus, A. Milne Ed- wards, : serratus, Milne Edwards, setubalensis, B. Capello, . spinifer, Haswell, . spinimanus, Desmarest, . tarpeius, Adams and White, triangulus, Stimpson, trigonus, A. Milne Hdwards, tuberculosus, Stimpson, . turriger, White, validus, de Haan, . verrucosus, Studer, whitei, 4. Milne Edwards, Leacuium orbiculare, Macleay, LEIOLAMBRUS, A. Milne Edwards, LEIOLOPHUS, Miers, . 4 : LEPIDONAXIA, Targioni Tozzetti, Lepropius, A. Milne Edwards, agassizil, A. Milne Edwards, americanus (Saussure), . caribeus (Desbonne and Schramm), convexus, A. Milne Hdwards, cooksoni, Miers, . Page 93 ; 93 Xxvi, xxvii : { Leoabe) o.dbhy 93, 95 Plate Figure 93 97 if Abe XXxix xly, 99, 100 1 ee xxxvi xly, 100 93 93 93 94, 96 94 98 93 100 99 94 93, 99, 100 99 99 93 go 98 (en XXXVi “" Uxliv, 94, 97 93 93 94, 95 99 100 99 93 XXVil, XXxVi {xis xliv 94, 96 93 93 98 280 92 271, 272 é 56 ee 108, 119 (186, 137, 139 “tid 137 Mee 138 137 137 136, 137 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Lrpropius—continued. crassimanus, A. Milne Edwards, dispar (Stimpson), . eudorus (Herbst), exaratus (Milne Edwards), exaratus, var. sanguineus (Milne Edwards), floridanus (G%bbes), gracilis (Dana), hebes, Stimpson, hombronii(Jacquinot and Incas), . : lividus (de Haan), : os lobatus, A. Milne Edwards, macandrex, Miers, nudipes (Dana), occidentalis (Stimpson), punctatus, Miers, . sternberghii, Stimpson, . Leprocrarsus, Milne Edwards, bertheloti, Milne Edwards, variegatus (Fabricius), Leptopopia, Leach, modesta, Milne Edwards, sagittaria (Fabricius), sagittaria, Leach, . tenuirostris, Leach, LEPTOPODIINA, 7 : LEPTOPUS longipes, Latreille, . Lrvcripps, Milne Edwards, Levoisca, MacLeay, : Levcosta, Fabricius, australiensis, 2. sp., XXVII. cheverti, Haswell, . craniolaris (Linné), XXVII. craniolaris, var. levi- mana, Miers, . Jugax, Fabricius, . haswelli, 7. sp., 30.400, leslii, Haswell, longifrons, de Haan, neocaledonica, A. Milne Edwards, ocellata, Bell, orbicularis, Bell, pallida, Belt, Plate Figure Page 137 137 137 137 { XXViii, xxxvi xlv, 138 131, 137 137 138 137 137 137 136, 137 137 137 xviii, xxxvi {3 136, 137 138 138 xiv, 257, 260 257 { XXxii, XXXVii xlviii, 257 eye. o 3 xviii, xX, . 4 XXXV,Xxxvili xl, xliii, 3, 4 4 6 x, 3, 12 44 38 303 xvi, 297, 320 821, 322 1 xxii, xxiii Xxxvili,1,322 322 Xxvi, xxvii 3 J XXX, Xxxviii xxxix, 1, 325 326 822, 325 313 2-40 Seabse 2 | excites 1, 322, 324 322 323 323 XXvVi, XXxix 1, 328, 825 821 824 LEvoosta—continued. pulcherrima, Miers, reticulata, Miers, . reticulata, var. viridi- maculata, Haswell, rhomboidalis, de Haan, splendida, Haswell, urania, Herbst, whitei, Bell, . LEUCOSIENS, Milne Edwards, . LEvcosiip#, LEUCOSIIDEA, LEUCOSIINA, 4 Lervoositia, Bell, . : ; “oe LEUCOSOIDEA, Dana, LIAGORE, de Haan, rubromaculata, de Haan LipipocLtEA, Milne Edwards and Lucas, brasiliensis (Heller), coccinea, Dana, granaria, Milne Edhoards and Lucas, LisintA, Leach, : afinis, Randall, . bidentata, 4. Milne Edwards, brasiliensis, Heller, : canaliculata, Say, . coccinea (Dana), distincta, Guérin-Ménéville, dubia, Milne Edwards, . emarginata, Leach, expansa, 4. Milne Edwards, gibbosa, 4. Milne Edwards, gracilipes, ”. sp., . 5 TX; granaria, Milne Edwards and Lucas, . 5 inflata, Streets, . 5 rhomboidea, Streets, rostrata, Bell, semizonale, Streets, setosa, Lockington, SMUG, 7 Sse : TX; spinosa, Milne Edwards, subspinosa, Streets, Lisystus, A. Milne Edwards, . LIOCARCINUS, Stimpson, LioMERA, Dana, lata, Dana, . : LirioPeA, Nicolet, . LispoGNnatuus, 4. Milne Edwards, furcillatus, 4. Milne Hd- wards, . : : thomsoni (Worman), . Vv. Lissa fissirostra, Say, Plate REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. Page 332 322, 324, 325 322 Figure 326 322, 323 323 DEQ, Boerne 1, 322, 325 xvi, 297 xvi, xlix, 297 ... XV, Xlix, 282,337 xvi, 321 303 Xv, 282 107 111 72 73 73, 75 72 : xi, 45, 72 ng 72 73 73 72 73, 75 72 72 72 73 73 OCR bo Gabe xliv, 73, 74 75 72 72 73 73 73 xeogu, pa), xliv, 73, 75 73, 75 73 223 170, 199 119, 125, 127 132, 133 125 xv, 275, 280 ey Loe ee 28, 29 Wh Deak) od! x1,xliii,28,29 48 LISSOCARCINIENS, 301 Plate Figure Page 170 (xiii, 170, 192 204, 205, 206 A. Milne Edwards, . : é Lissocarcinus, Adams and White, boholensis, Semper et Nauck, 205, 206 XX1xX, XXXVii levis, 2. sp., XVII. 3 xlvii, 205, 206 orbicularis, Dana, 204, 205, 206 polybioides, Adams and jira XXXVii White, . ; t xlvii,205,206 LiTHapiA, Bell, xvi, 303, 318 aa 320 brasiliensis, von Martens, 318 cadaverosa, Stimpson, 318 cariosa, Stimpson, . 318, 319 cariosa, Stimpson, var., . OVE 2 ae ae oy 1, 318, 319 cubensis, von Martens, . 318 cumingii, Bell, 318 granulosa, A. Milne Hd- wards, ; ae lacunosa, Kingsley, ; 319 pontifera, Stimpson, 318 rotundata, A. Milne Ed- wards, : a sculpta, Haswell, 318, 319 LirocHerra, Kinahan, . c ie sfc are ps0, et bispinosa, Kinahan, 232 : eae xxi, xl, xlviii kingsleyi, Miers, EX 232, 233 levis (Kingsley), . 232 LoBoPiLUMNUS, 145 LopHactma, A. Milne Bagot, xii, 108, 113 SOCK KOCK VE granulosa (Riippell), ly, 114 helleri, Kossmann, 113 lobata, 4. Milne Edwards, ene 118, i picta, 4. Milne Edwards, 113 rotundata (Stimpson), 113 violacea, A. Milne Edwards, 113 LOPHOPILUMNUS, 148 Lopuos, de Haan, xv, 283 lophos, de Haan, 286 LOPHOXANTHUS, 114, 115, 124 bellus (Stampoon\s | ; 115, 116 bellus, var. leucomanus, xT. : fa XXxix (Lockington), . " Uxly, 115 lamellipes (Stimpson), ae sexdentatus, Miers, ses on 115 Lopuozozymus, A. Milne Ed- xii, 108, 112 een ates } - } 113, 114, 115 119, 134 bellus, var. ea att ua { XXX, xxxix (Lockington), . xlv, 115 epheliticus (Linné), 115 radiatus, Milne Edwards, 112 352 THE VOYAGE LopHozozyMus—continued. sexdentatus, Miers, Lupa dufourii (Desmarest), granulata, Milne Edwards, pelagica, Audouin, sanguinolenta, Milne Kd- wards, LuPEENS, A. Milne Edwards, LUPIN, .« LUPOCYCLIENS, A. Milne Ravards Luprocycius, Adams and White, orientalis, n. sp., philippinensis, Vauck, rotundatus, Adams and White, Macrocueira, de Haan, 5 kimpferi, de Haan, Macroca@itoma, Miers, . camptocera, Stimpson, concava, 2. Sp., diacantha (A. Milne Ed- wards), . : diplacantha (Stimpson), . eutheca (Stimpson), heptacantha, Bel/, levigata (Stimpson), septemspinosa (Stimpson), subparallela (St¢mpson), trigona (Dana), . trispinosa (Latreille), villosa (Bell), MAOCROGRAPSUS, 7”. gen., - orientalis, 2. sp., MACROPHTHALMIDA, Dana, MAcROPHTHALMINA, MACROPHTHALMUS, Latretlle, . bicarinatus, Heller, boseit, Audouin, brevis (Herbst), carinimanus, Latreille, convexus, Stinypson, dentatus, Stimpson, greeffei, A. Milne Edwards, grandidieri, A. Milne Hdwar thy ce inermis, A. Milne Edwards, levis, A. Milne Hdwards, latifrons, Haswell, latreillei, Desmarest, podophthalmus, Hydouw and Souleyet, . polleni, Hoffmann, us punctulatus, Miers, Plate Figure Page 115 175 180 173 174 169 169, 171 169 xiii, 169, 185 1 iene xxix xl, xlvi, 186 186, 187 186, 187 v, x, 33 sabd, valy Seeltial 33 xi) 76,7775 79 79, 80 { ha Resa xliv, 79,81,82 79, 80 79 80, 82 79, 80 80 { og Soe. afl xliv,79,80, 81 79, 81 79 { Xix,XX,Xxxvi xliv, 79, 80 79 262 262 xiv, 221 237, 248 xiv, 237, 238 } 241, 246, 248 250, 251 249 252 249 249 249 249 249 249 249 249 249 249 2OQy, “wp e-qal } XXXvVii, xlvili 249 249 249, 251 OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. MAcROPHTHALMUS—continwed. quadratus, 4. Milne sg wards, serratus, Adams and White, sulcatus, Milne Edwards, MAcRoPODIA gracilis, Costa, Mata armata, Latreille, . glabra, Latreille, longispina, de Haan, lunulata, Risso, . rossellii, Audoutn, rostrata, Bose, ; MAIENS re eee Milne Edwards, MAtIpa, . MAIINa«, MAIINEA, MAIOIDEA, Matacosoma, de Man, Matuta, Fabricius, banksii, Leach, circulifera, Miers, . distinguenda, Hoffmann, granulosa, Miers, inermis, Miers, levidactyla, Miers, lineifera, Miers, var., lunaris (Herbst), lunaris, Miers, maculata, Miers, obtusifrons, Miers, var.(?), picta, Herbst, planipes, Fabricius, rubrolineata, Miers, victor, Fabricius, victrix, Fabricius, victrix, var. crebrepunc- tata, Miers, MATUTID&, MATUTINA, Mrpavus, Dana, elegans, A. Mitne Banat, granulatus, Miers, haswelli, n. sp., - nodosus, 4. Milne Edwards, ornatus, Dana, simplex, A. Milne Btowrds, spinimanus (I/i/ne Edwards), Mrnazrutius, Milne Edwards, angustus, Dana, imcisus, de Haan, . monoceros (Latreille), monoceros (Latreiile), var, angusta, Dana, Plate Figure Page 249, 251 XaX,) Soo yt xlviii, 250 249 Xx x, xliv, 43 x, 43 x x) xl 274 xv, 294, 337 { XXViii,xxxviil xlix, 295 295 295 295 { XXV, XXXVili xlix, 294, 296 { Xxiii, xxxviii xlix, 296 295 295 295, 296 295 295 295 295 295 295 { XXVili, XXxVili xlix, 295 XXVii, XXXVili xlix, 295 xv, xlix, 293 xv, 294 xii, 108, 116 Un byjy alls: 118 a. o.abim.dly pd 117, 118 117 116, 117 a7, 117 ise x, 36 neo wha 37 40 19, 37 xxiii, xxv XXXV, xliii,37 XI. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. MENATHIUS—continued. Plate Figure Page subserratus, Adams and J, bh 37 White, + tuberculatus, Adams and a a 37 White, . MeEntrrpE, de Haan, . ; RE ad 141 Merrocryrtvs, 4. Milne Baloarda xvi, 303, 319 lambriformis, A. Milne Sool) p.0,09b:4 Edwards, ee xl, 1, 320 Mesoryaa, Stimpson, . as S66 92 Metacarcinus, Milne Bebcueds, ras a 109 MErapPiax, Milne Edwards, . ie vie 250 Mertorocrarsus, Milne Edwards, xiv, 257, 259 Sxl yee KT messor (Forskal), . } XXXxvil, xlvili 258 messor, var. frontalis, fiers, xlviii, 258 MeErToporApHis, Stimpson, an re Xe, calcarata (Say), . ; Be ae 4 forficulatus, 4. Milne ee at Edwards, ‘eee xl xliti, 4, 5 Micippa, Leach, : . Bae ot xi, 69 cristata (Linné), . : sie ae 69 curtispina, Haswell, . gat ids 70 mascarenica, Kossmann, . a oes 69 philyra (Herbst), . : a nee 69 abe ‘2 Soabl Beant spinosa, Stimpson, VIII. 2 ea 70 . : : SS:4hl, | xo.o:ad-< spinosa, var. affinis, Miers, VIII. 3 (he "70 thalia (Herbst), . 3 ke Suh 70 MICcIPPINA, xi, 67 MICROHALIMUS, Haswallt xi, 68 MIcROPANOPE, Stimpson, . : iS xii, 108, 180 lobifrons, A. Milne Ed- ) 130 wards, . : i bait i pugilator, A. Milne i) at “6 130 wards, pusilla, 4. Milne Edwards, ae at 130 sculptipes, Stimpson, . a a 130 spinipes, 4. Milne Edwards, {i XExvI xlv, 180 Miororisa, Stimpson, x, 49 ovata, Stimpson, . i au mate 50 wviolacea, A. Milne Edwards, ... ane 50 Micropurys, Milne Edwards, . a xi, xl, 82 aculeatus, Bell, . : Ae a 83 bicornutus (Latreille,), . : (ae ERE xliv, 83 depressa (Lockington), . ae ae 83 error, Kingsley, . ‘ aa ies 83 platisoma (Stimpson), . = Rs 83 tumidus (Lockington) . Hn) an 83 weddellii, Milne Edwards, ... ke 83 MicTvris longicarpus, Latreille, ae a 278 MiLnr, Stimpson, . : é cor ae xi MITHRACINA, . : : : xi, 84 MirHRACULUS, Miers, oi, .0D.109 MirHRacuLus, White, . 87, 89 . MITHRACULUS—continued. . coronatus, White, ; Jorceps, A. Milne Edwards, hirsutipes, Kingsley, sculptus, Lamarck, Mirurax, Leach, aculeatus (Herbst), . acuticornis, Stimpson, afinis, F. de B. Capello, . afinis, Desbonne and) Schramm, . af areolatus, Lockington, armatus, Saussure, asper, Milne Edwards, belli, Gerstecker, cinctimanus, Stinypson, . . cornutus (Sawsswre), coronatus (Herbst), cristulipes (Stimpson), denticulatus, Bell, . depressus, 4. Milne Edwards, forceps (A. Milne Hdwards), hirsutipes, Kingsley, hispidus (Herbst), . hispidus, Milne Edwards, hispidus, var. pleura- canthus, Stimpson, . holderi, Stimpson, . levimanus, Desbonne and Schramm, i leucomelas, Desbonne and Schramm, minutus, Sawsswre, nodosus, Bell, c nudus, 4. Milne Edwards, pleuracanthus, Stimpson, pygmeus, Bell, quadridentatus, Macleay, rostrata(A. Milne Edwards), rostratus, Bell, ruber, 4. Milne Edwards, sculptus, Lamarck, Sp., - spinifrons, ai Milne Ed. wards, spinosissimus i Lamanck), spinosissimus, Saussure, triangularis, Kossmann, triangularis, var. afri- canus, Kossmann, . triangularis, var. indicus, Kossmann, : triangulatus, Lockington, trispinosus, Kingsley, tuberculatus, Stimpson, . ursus, Bell, . : ; Plate Figure 353 Page 89 88 90 xx, 90 xi, 84, 85 86 86, 88 67 87 87 86 67 86 87 XXXvVi, { XX " (xliv,86,87,88 { ree, peo apl xliv, 87, 89 87 87 86 { xix, XX,XXXVi xliv, 87, 88 87, 90 86 88 { Key KER {= XXXvi- xliv, 85 3 xliv, 88 86 86 86 87 87 87 86, 88 86 67 86 87 xx, 87 xx, xliv, 89 67 86 88 67 67 67 86 86 86 86, 90 Mirurax—continued. verrucosus, Milne Edwards, Moro, Leach, cristata, Leach, MorstA, Desmarest, acanthophora (Lucas), armata, de Haan, . cristata, Milne Edwards, cristata, White, cristimana, de Haan, curtispina, 7. sp., . mains en créte, Desmarest, MYcTERINA, Myoreris, Latreille, brevidactylus, Stimpson, deflexifrons, . longicarpus, Latreiile, longicarpus, White, longicarpus, Haswell, platycheles, Milne Edwards, subverrucatus, White, Myra, Leach, . F affinis, Bell, . ‘ australis, Haswell, . carinata, Bell, coalita, Hilgendorf, darnleyensis, Haswell, . dilatimanus, White, dubia, Miers, eudactyla, Bell, fugax (Fabricius), . mammillaris, Bell, punctata, Hilgendorf, subgranulata, Kossmann, Mynropzs, Beil, eudactylus, Bell, gigas, Haswell, Myropsis, Stimpson, NAUTILOGRAPSUS, Milne Edwards, minutus (Linné), . Naxis, Milne Hdwards, . diacantha, de Haan, hirta (4. Milne Edwards), Plate Figure Page 293 a 283, 289 290, 293 290 290, 291, 292 291 293 hui Xxxviii xl, xlix, 291 2 ee xl, xlix 291 291 xv, 275, 278 { ix, xv, 274 275, 278, 279 278 278 eg XXXViii xlix, 278 278 278 { xxii, xxxviii xlix, 278, 279 278, 279 xvi, 297, 298 {321 303,90 312, 313 XXV, XXXViii 1, 315 XXV, XXXVili 1, 318, 315 313 313, 314 {i's XXXViii 1, 318, 315 316 298 318, 314 298 tea BKEXOKGLN? xlix, 313, 314 315, 316 313 5 313 ee 297, 298 313 hee Xxxix xlix, 298 298 298, 302 xiv, 253 { xli, xviii 175, 254 eae Gl 57 { XXVili, XXXxvi xliy, 60, 61 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. NAxtA— continued. hystrix, 2. sp., robillardi, Miers, serpulifera, Milne Edwards, NaxiomveEs, A. Milne Edwards, hirta, A. Milne Edwards, robillardi, Miers, . Necrocarcinus, A. Milne Ed- wards, : : NVECTOGRAPSUS, Heller,. politus, Heller, Nemavsa, dA. Milne Edwards, rostrata, A. Milne Edwards, spinipes (Belt), NNEPTUNES ANGULAIRES, A. Milne Edwards, : ARQUES, A. Milne Edwards, Neptunus, de Haan, c. acuminatus (Stimpson), . amnicola, Rochebrune, . argentatus, A. Milne Kd- wards, depressifrons (Stimpson), edwardsii, Rochebrune, . exasperatus (Gerstecker), gibbesii (Stimpson), gladiator (Fabricius), gladiator, var. argenta- tus (White), . granulatus (J/tlne Edwards), hastatoides (Fabricius), . hastatus (Zinné), . inequalis, Miers, . longispinosus, A. Milne Edwards, madagascariensis, Hoffmann, mexicanus (Gerstxcker), pallidus, Rochebrune, panamensis (Stimpson), . pelagicus (Linné), . pudica (Gerstexcker), rugosus, 4. Milne Edwards, sanguinolentus (Herbst), Figure Plate Page {ee a p3! xliv, 60 60, 61 60 5.& Hail 61 61 170 265 266 xi, 85 XIX, XXXVI, xliv, 85 85 174 172 xiii, 169, 171 172, 174, 175 182, 183, 184 193 174 175 177, 178 1a XXxxvii xlvi, 181,182 175 174 181 {ou XXx1x xlvi, 177,178 {ox XXXvii xlvi, 177 XXVill, | Xxx f XXXVIi,xxxix xlvi, 180,181 XXVl, XXVli SOG.) ESO XXXVil,xxxix xlvi, 175, 178 Wen XXxix xlvi, 175 175 183 172 172 175 174 { XXVili,xxxvii xlvi,172, 173 172 XXV, XXVili ; {= XXXVil xlvi, 176,177 XXll, XX Vil : {x XXXVil xlvi, 174 Nrrrunus—continued. sayi, A. Milne Edwards, sebee (Milne Edwards), . sieboldi, A. Milne Edwards, spinicarpus (Stimpson), . spinimanus, Latreille, spinipes, 7. sp., sulcatus, 4. Milne Edwards, tenuipes, de Haan, tomentosus, Haswell, transversus (Stimpson), . trituberculatus, Miers, . tuberculosus, A. Milne Edwards, tumidulus (Stimpson), unispinosus (Miers), ventralis,4. Milne Edwards, vigilans, A. Milne Edwards, vocans, 4, Milne Edwards, whitei(4. Milne Edwards), Norouopas, Stimpson, brasiliensis, 7. sp., lamellatus, Stimpson, Noronyx, A. Milne Edwards, nitidus, 4. Milne Edwards, Novctia, Dana, NorsiA, Leach, NorsiuiA, Bell, " 4 : OCEANUS, de Haan, Ocypona, Fabricius, , zgyptiaca, Gerstecker, . arenaria (Catesby), . brevicornis, Milne Edwards, ceratophthalma (Pallas), cordimana, Desmarest, cursor (Linné), tppeus, Olivier, &c., kuhlii, de Haan, . : macrocera, Milne Edwards, rhombea, Milne Edwards, OcyPoDiaceE#, Milne Edwards, OcYPopIp#, Milne Edwards, . REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. Plate Figure Page Sabg, VP eoab< : {i xlvi, 172 173 179 172 og, dally Sdhye: 172, 182 Aon 180 XXVili,XxxVli ut cae 175, 178 tes 175 176, 177 175 174 172 XXVli, XXXVil xlvi, 176 174 XXV, XXXvVii xlvi,179, 180 174 183 174. Loa XXxix xlvi, 179 van xe, (ibs whit 1 { Soe, 2S.e.gial xliv, 64, 66 ay 64, 65 Xiv, 223, 235, 236 lane XXxXix xlvili, 236 303 303, 804, 305 306 297, 298 Giie 170, 189 xiv, 237, 239 238 DO, xx, : { xxi, xlviii 240 239 RIV, DEX Xxvii, xxviii Xxxvii, xlviii 238, 239 aes tea 238 XViii, xix ; {xxi xlviii 240 oes is 240 + 239 ee 239 240 yal xiv, xlviii 216, 221 OcYPODIENS, Milne Edwards, . OCYPODIIDEA, OcyPoDINa, 3 CGrpe4, de Haan, . ¢ é viginti-spinosa, CirHRA, Leach, : ; : OMALACANTHA hirsuta, Streets OMMATOCARCINUS, White, macgillivrayi, White, Oncrinopus, de Haan, aranea, de Haan, . ONYCHOMORPHA, Stimpson, ORBICULATA, Latreille, OREOPHORUS, Riippell, . OrniTHyIA, Fabricius, ORITHYINA, . F 3 ORTHOGRAPSUS, Kingsley, OsACHILA, Stimpson, : < OsTRACOTHERES, Milne Edwards, OrnHontA, Bell, OXYPLEURODON, 2. gen, . stimpsoni, 2. sp., « OXYRHYNCHA, ; OX YRHYNCHI, Latreille, OX VRHINQUES, Milne Edwards, OXYSTOMATA, . ; - OxYsTOMEs, Milne Edwards, . Ozius subverrucosus, White, Pacuyerarsvs, Randall, : zthiopicus, Hilgendorf, . erassipes, Randall, latipes, . é maurus (Lucas), . marmoratus, Fabricius, . pubescens, Heller, transversus, Gibbes, : Pacuystomum, auch, PaGurus maculatus, Catesby, . Panopgus, Milne Edwards, acutidens, Haswell, affinis, Streets and Kingsley, africanus, A. Milne Hdwards, blanchardi, A. nant Edwards, ° 6 herbstii var. serratus, levis, Dana, . packardi, Kingsley, serratus, Saussure, . subverrucosus, White, Plate Figure VI. 305 Page xiv, 221, 236 xiv, xlvii, 216 to dale Vath, VSye 211 212 106, 107 83 xiv, 237, 245 246, 247 eek XXXVii xlviii, 247 v, x, 20 pets | Segal : {xxi XXXV xli, xliii, 20 303 xv, 282 297, 318, 320 283 283 260 294, 318 274 84 x, 34, 38 FOQAL woah x1, xliii,38, 62 x, xiii, 2 Be, a x, 2 ... XV, Xlix, 282, 337 xv, 282 129 xiv, 258, 259 260, 261 Rad 258 ss 261 259 Xxlii, XxxXvii xlviii, 259 262 255 xii, 108, 124 128, 140, 222 129 140 129 129 | xviii, sabre baby, | ROSGiA! xly, 129 ane 129 129 es 129 sav 129 356 PANOPEUS—continued. xanthiformis, 4. Jfilne Edwards, PANOPLAX, Stimpson, PARACYCLOIS, 2. gen., milne-edwardsii, ”. sp., Panacrarsvs, Milne Edwards, PARAMICIPPA affinis, Miers, spinosa, Miers, PARAMITHRAX, Milne PeApand coppingeri, Haswell, halimoides, Miers, . spatulifer, Haswell, PARAPILUMNUS, Kossmann, PARATHRANITES, swb. gen. nov. orientalis, N. sp., PARAXANTHUS, Milne Edwards } and Lucas, 3 é PARTHENOLAMBRUS, A. oui Edwards, . calappoides (Adams and White), . : expansus, Miers, massena, massena, var. atlanticus, PARTHENOPE calappoides, Adams and White, contracta, Costa, Sornicata, de Haan, longimana, Costa, . sandrockit, Haswell, PARTHENOPIDA, : PARTHENOPIENS, M. Rawhrds: PARTHENOPINA, PARTHENOPINEA, PARTHENOPOIDES, Miers, expansus, Miers, massena, Miers, 5 PELTARION, Jacquinot and Lucas, magellanicus, Jacquinot and Lucas, spinulosum, White, Petia, Dana, Prricera, Latreilie, ccelata, A. Milne Edwards, cornuta, Milne Edwards, cornuta (Herbst), curvicorna, Desbonne and Schramm, eutheca, Stimpson, . Sossata, Stimpson, . heptacantha, Bell, . THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Plate XXIV. Figure Page 129 222 Xv, 283, 288 290 1 XxIx, Xl, xix 289 xiii, 169, 185 ‘eee Lebel xlvi, 186 125 Xi, x11, 92) 99 ame XXXvi xlv, 101 jeu XXxX1x xlv, 100 iii, XXxXvi { xvili ” Uxxxix,xlv, 100 pees XXXV1 xlv, 100 101i 99 102 94 99 xi, xliv, 91 xi xi, 91 xi, 91 xi, xii, 92, 99 100 100 xiii, 210 | 211 211 40 xi, xii, 76, 77, 79 76 { SKA SKXVL xliv, 76 76 PERICERA—continued. Plate Figure Page nodipes, Desbonne and 79 Schramm, : ovata, Bell, : 76 septemspinosa, Stimpson, 80 spinosissima, Saussure, . 76 trispinosa, Milne Edwards, 80 vilpinia, Desbonne and 79 Schramm, PERICERIDA, xi, xliv, 71 PERICERINA, xf PERINIA, Dana, xi xvi, 298, 301 PERSEPHONA, Leach, 303, 311 guaia, Bell, 312 lichtensteinei, Leach, 312 . <5 ex eVay punctata (Browne), : XXV. { xlix, 812 punctata, Stimpson, 312 papi A. Milne is 306, 312 Puityra, Leach, ms { xvi, 803,320 321 cristata, Miers, 321 levidorsalis, Miers, 321 longimana, 4. Milne Hd- : 391 wards, marginata, A. Milne Ed. 391 wards, . platycheira, de Haan, rectangularis, Miers, rudis, Miers, . tuberculosa, Stimpson, unidentata, Stimpson, variegata sone PuatyxiA, Bell, PHLYXIA, Leach, erassipes, Bell, dentifrons, 2. Sp., - : XXV granulosa, Haswell, intermedia, 7. sp., ; XXV lambriformis, Bell, levis, Bell, orbieularis, Haswell, petleyt, Haswell, quadridentata, Stimpson, quadridentata, Gray, Pt XXV 3) { spinifera, nov., undecimspinosa (Kina- han), var. orbicularis, Puymoptius, A. Milne Edwards, XXli, XXXVili 1, 321 321 321 321 321 321 308, 304, 305 xvi, 303 XX, Xxli, xxiii XXXViii, _ 2.B.6.65:O) (obal Ube 307, 308, 309 { Xxii, XXXViiil xlix, 310 306, 310 { xxi, XXxix xlix, 308 306 306 808, 309 305 309 Xxili, xxXXViii xlix, 309 310 xxii, xxiii . 4 Xxxviii, xlix \ 309 xii, 108, 136 139 PHYMODIUS—continued, maculatus (Stimpson), monticulosis (Dana), obscurus, A. Milne Edwards, rugipes (Heller), ungulatus (Milne Hdwards), ungulatus, var. curti- manus, Dana, ungulatus, var. gracilis, Dana, PICROCEROIDES, ”. gen., . tubularis, 7. sp., . é x PitumNnoreEvs, A. Milne Edwards, PILUMNOPLAX, Stimpson, abyssicola, ”. sp., . ciliata, St¢mpson, heterochir (Studer), : sabe. longipes, Stimpson, normannt, Miers, sculpta, Stimpson, sulcatifrons, Stimpson, suleatifrons, var. atlan- tica, Miers, sulcatifrons, var. austra- liensis, Miers, vestita (de Haan), . vestita, var. ae it (Haswell), FituMNvs, Leach, actumnoides, A. Milne Edwards, aculeatus (Say), affinis, Capello, africanus, A. Milne Hd- wards, asper (Riippell), barbatus, 4. Milne Edwards, bleekeri, Afers, brachytrichus, Kossmann, brasiliensis, 7. sp., : XIII. calculosus, Dana, . : aed caribeus, Desbonne cee Schramm, cerulescens, A. ed: Edwards, c cristimanus, A. ec Edwards, cursor, 4. Milne Edwards, dasypodus, Kingsley, deflexus, A. Milne Edwards, Plate Figure Page : XIII. 139 { XXVIli, xxxvi xly, 139, 140 139 139 139, 140 139 139 xe glee { PO%. | 5 o.oqal xliv, 77 144, 148 a la 224, 225, 227 XXxiVv, xl DID. € 2 {so 226 227, 228 226. xxi, xl, xlviii 226, 227 226 227, 228 226 226 226 227 Looe _SeSalh “+ 4 Xxxvii, xlvili 227, 229 ean 20 144, 145, 146 | 147, 149, 153 (226, 227 149 147, 151, 152 146 1 eres Xxxvi xlv, 146, 150 148 149 149 149 9 as XXXVi xly, 147, 151 146 147, 152 149 149 149 147 149 (ZOOL. CHALL, EXP.—PART xumx.—1886.) REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. 357 PILUMNUS—continued. Plate Figure Page dehaani, Miers, . . ~ XIV. xxvill, xxxvi xlvi, 149,155 depressus, Stimpson, 147 dilatipes, Addams and White, 148, 156 dorsipes, Stimpson, 148, 159 elatus, 4. Milne Hdwards, 148 fissifrons, Stimpson, 148 fimbriatus, Milne Edwards, 149 floridanus, Stinypson, forficigerus, Stimpson, forskalii, Mine Edwards, fragifer, 4. Milne Edwards, JSragosus, A. Milne Edwards, fragosus, var., A. Milne | Edwards, : al gemmatus, Stimpson, glaberrimus, Haswell, globosus, Dana, gracilipes, 4. Milne Edwards, .. - granulatus, Krauss, in granulimanus, Stimpson, heterochir, Studer, hirsutus, Stimpson, hirtellus (Zinné), . inermis, Haswell, integer, Haswell, labyrinthicus, Miers, lacteus, Stimpson, . levimanus, Dana, levis, Dana, lanatus, Latretlle, . lapillimanus, Stimpson, . limosus, Smith, longicornis, Hlgendoryf, longicornis, Hilgendorf, var., longipes, A. Milne Edwards, marginatus, Stimpson, : melanacanthus, Kingsley, Nac miersii, 4. Milne Edwards, minutus, de Haan, minutus, de Haan, var. hirsutus, monilifera, Haswell, mus, Dana, nitidus, 4. Milne ieioares normani, N. SP, : . XIV. nudifrons, Stimpson, ovalis, A. Milne Edwards, peronii, Milne Edwards, pugilator (4. Milne Ed- 3 wards), . XX, XXXVi ais {am 130,147 Og) OOO bg 5d XII. 3 { xlv, 130, 147 152 148, 155 148 148 153 153 147 149 { TOON, oerabe xlvi, 148, 155 147, 152 147 147 227 148, 154 146, 150 149 149 laa XXXVli xlvi, 149, 161 147, 158 148 148 148 148 147 149, 156, 157 { xxiii, Xxxvi xlvi, 157 149 147, 148 147 147, 153 148, 154 ae :0:0:4:¢ xlvi, 154 149 148 149 xxvi, xl, xlvi 149, 156, 157 147 148 148 148 Cec 46 358 PILUMNUS—continued. pulcher, Miers, purpureus, 4. Milne Ed- wards, . quoyi, Milne Edwards, reticulatus, Stimpson, rufopunctatus, Stimpson, XIV. savignyi, Heller, scabriusculus, Adams and W hate, semilanatus, Miers, seminudus, Miers, spinifer, Wilne Edwards, spinohirsutus (Lockingion), spinulosus, Kessler, squamosus, de Haan, stimpsonii, Miers, teixeirianus, Capello, tenellus, Dana, terre-regine, Haswell, tessellatus, 4. Milne Ed- wards, tomentosus, Latreille, . XIV. tridentatus, Maitland, urinator, 4. Milne Kdwards, ursulus, Adams and White, vanquelinii (4udowin), vermiculatus, A. Milne Edwards, verrucosipes, Stimpson, . vespertilio (Fabricius), . vestitus, Haswell, . : XIV. villosus, Risso, vinaceus, 4. Milne Ed. wards, xanthoides, Krauss, xantusil, Stimpson, PINNAXODES, Heller, Pinnixa, White, PINNOTHERA, Dana, PINNOTHERELIA, Lucas, . PrnnotrueErss, Latreille, . angelicus, Lockington, ascidiicola, Hesse, . boninensis, Stimpson, byssomie, Say, depressum, Say, flavus, Nauck, lithodomi, Smith, . maculatum, Say, margarita, Smith, . monodactylum, Say, Plate Figure Page XXXVil { XXV * (xlvi, 149,161 4 149, 157 147, 152, 153 147 eae XXXVii xlvi,148, 160 149, 150 XXViil, XXXV1 xlvi, 148, 155 156, 158 149 { XXV, XXXvVii xlvi, 149,161 XXX1X { XVlii, ’ (xlv, 146, 150 147 146 155 147 146 148 149 147 Xi, XXli RXKIK xl ya | 148, 149, 160 146, 149, 227 147 148 149 149 146 148 ee XXxvi xlvi, 149,159 146, 150 147, 152 147 147 274 274, 275 275 274 XV, 274, 275 276 276 276 276 276 276 276 276 276 276 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. PINNOTHERES—continued. Plate Figure Page obscurus, Stimpson, ane 276 parvulus, Stimpson, Z pectunculi, Hesse, . 276 pholadis, de Haan, 276 SOs | oa) villosulus, Guérin-Ménéville, xxii. 2 | sci, xlix 277 PINNOTHERIDZ, xv, xlix, 274 PINNOTHERIENS, Milne dwands xv, 274 PINNOTHERINA, xv, 274, 275 PIRIMELA, Leach, 107 Pisa, Leach, x, 53, 54,55,59 acutifrons, au Milne Ba. 54 wards, . antilocapra, Stimpson, 54 armata, Milne Edwards, 55 bicornuta, Latreille, 83 brevicornis, dA. Milne b4 Edwards, carinimanus, ers, 54 convexa, Brandt, 54 corallina, Risso, ; 54 erinacea, A. Milne eat BA wards, fasicularis, Krauss, : 56 galibica, Desbonne and ' 83 Schramm, : gibbsit, Leach, 55 hirticornis (Herbst), 54 nodipes, Leach, 55 planasia, Adams and White, 57 prelonga, Stimpson, 54 purpurea, Desbonne and Schramm, 83 quadricornis, Brandt, 54 tetraodon (Pennant), 54 tribulus (Linné), trispinosa, Latreille, PISOIDES celatus, Lockington, tenuidus, Lockington, PISOLAMBRUS, A. Milne Edwards, PLAGUSETES, Heller, elatus, Heller, Piacusia, Latreille, chabrus (Linné), depressa (Fabricius), immaculata, Lamarck, speciosa, Dana, tomentosa, Milne Fdwarda tuberculata, Lamarck, PLAGUSIINA, PLANES, Leach, : PLATYGRAPSUS, Stimpson, XXil. XXii. XVii, xviii, . 4 Xxxvill, xliv 54, 55 80 83 83 92 208 209 xv, 271 ee XXXVili xlviii, 273 XViil, XxXVili { 272, 273 { Xxix, XXXViii xlviii, 273 273 273 272 xv, 2/1 253 xiv, 263, 264 PLATYGRAPSUS—continued. depressus (de Haan), PLATYLAMBRUS, Stimpson, PLATYLAMBRUS, A. Milne Edwards, serratus, A. Milne Edwards, PLATYMATA, 2, gen., wyville-thomsoni, n. sp., PLATYMERA, Milne Edwards, . PLATYNOTUS, de Haan, . depressus, de Haan, PLATYONYCHID&, Dana, . Puatyonycouus, Latreille, bipustulatus, Milne Zwards, iridescens, 7. sp., . ocellatus (Herbst), . purpureus, Dana, , PLISTACANTHA, Miers, PODOCHELA, Stimpson, ; reiset, A. Milne Edwards, riisei (Stimpson), . ‘ vestita, Stimpson, . PODONEMA, Stimpson, riiset, Stimpson, . PODOPHTHALMINA, . PopoPHTHALMUS, Lamarck, vigil (Fabricius), . . Poporis 4, Hilgendorf, petersii, Hilgendorf, PotyvBiEns, A. Milne Edwards, Potysius, Leach, . 3 Pontus, de Haan, . convexus, Portumnus, Leach, PORTUNIDA, PoRTUNIENS, Milne Edwards, . PORTUNIENS ANORMAUX, A. Milne Edwards, : PORTUNIENS NORMAUX, a Milne Edwards, Pane PORTUNINA, : : 4 Portunus, Fabricius, arcuatus, de Haan, carcinoides, Kinahan, catharus, White, corrugatus (Pennant), Xvii. REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. Plate Figure Page { Roce NO:0-40. ah x, 12 1 { xxix, xl, xliii 13 283, 288, 291 263 263 xiii, 169 xiii, 170, 201 204 xxii, Xxxvli ia { ai 186, 202, 208, 204 Py { xxvi, x1, xlvii 202 201, 202, 203 204 II, 202 32 x, 10, 11 11 MAK RR KY | xsi xl xliii, 11 See 11 xe) atl 11 xiii, 169, 206 wm xiii, 206, 207 fee XXxvil xlvii, 207 170 169, 171, 172 172 170, 201 xiii, xlvi 169 we veh xili, 169 be io xiii, 206 xiii, 169 ae esis xiii, 169 xiii, 170, 192 199 195 aan er 200 brn sb 202 Xvill, xxi XXi,) XXX yal xxxix, xlvii 200, 201 PortTUNUS—continued, crucifer, Fabricius, dalyelit, Spence Bate, gladiator, Fabricius, gladiator, de Haan, guadulpensis, de Saussure, hastatotdes, Fabricius, longipes, Risso, ponticus, Fabricius, prymna (var. 8), de Haan, pusillus, Leach, sanguinolentus, de Haan, serratus, de Haan, strigilis, Stimpson, subcorrugatus, A. Milne Edwards, truncatus, de Haan, variegatus, Fabricius, - vigil, Fabricius, PosiIDoN, Herklots, . PoTaMoNAUTES, MacLeay, perlata, Milne Edwards, PRIONOPLAX, Milne Edwards, . PsAuUMis, Kossmann, : ¢ PsEuDocARCINUS, A. Milne Hd- wards, gigas (Lamarck), .. PSEUDOGRAPSUS, Milne Hdwards, albus, Stimpson, PsEuUDoMIcIPPA, Heller, . (2) varians, Miers, . PSEUDOMICIPPE nodosa, Heller, tenuipes, A. Milne eat wards, ; PSEUDOPHILYRA, Miers, . PSEUDORHOMBILA, Milne et wards, normannt, Miers, . vestita, var. eae sae Miers, PsEupDozius, Dana, . bouvieri, A. Milne Hdwards, bouvieri, var. mellissii, Miers, caystrus (Adams and White), inornatus, Dana, . mellissit, Miers, microphthalmus, Stimpson, planus, Dana, ; . sinensis, 4. Milne Edwards, PrycHOGNATHUuS, Stimpson, Pucertia, Dana, . : australis, gracilis, Dana, Plate Figure Page ie 3 Gk XXxv1 359 191 200 177 180 200 175 200 175 197 200 174 185 200, 201 200, 201 191 190, 191 207 169, 171 xiii, 214 xxi, xli, xlvii 215 149, 222, 237 118, 119 38 { 141 141 262, 263, 264 265 xxiv, Xxxvii xlvili, 262 xi, 68 hea XXXvVi xliv, 68 [ise 257, 261 68 68 303 eae ait 227, 237 227, 228 229 Ipaite ds 142, 143 142 xly, 143 142 142 142, 143 142 142 142 262, 263 x, 39, 40 40 40 360 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. PUGETTIA—continued. incisa (de Haan), lordi, Spence Bate, nodulosa, Dana, . quadridens (de Haan), . richii, Dana, seutiformis, Dana, velutina, 7. sp., QUADRELLA, Dana, coronata, Dana, QUADRILATERA, Latreille, RANDALLIA, Stimpson, granulata, m. sp., . ornata (Randall), . RHABDONOTUS, A. Milne Haapurde RHACONOTUS, Gerstecker, RHINOLAMBRUS, A. Milne Edwards, RuIzopa, Stimpson, gracilipes, Stimpson, RHIZOPINA, Rxop14, Bell, RHYNCHOPLAX, Stimpson, RocuiniA, A. Milne Edwards, gracilipes, 4. Milne Edwards, SCALOPIDIA, Stimpson, ScHizoPpHRys, White, aspera (Milne Edwards), dama (Herbst), dichotoma, Milne Edwards, serratus, White, spinifer, White, triangularis, Kossmann, triangularis, var. africana, Kossmann, r 5 triangularis, var. indicus, Kossmann, SCHIZOPHRYSINA, ScorimERA, de Haan, ., ScyLuA, de Haan, serrata (Forskal), . Scyra, Dana, . ; acutifrons, Dana, . compressipes, Stimpson, umbonata, Stimpson, . ScyRAMATHIA, 4, Milne Edwards, SESARMA, Say, angustipes, Dana, aubryi, 4. Milne Edwards, biittikoferi, de Man, granosimana, Miers, kamermani, de Man, longipes, Krauss, VI. XXXVI. VII. Plate Figure Page iF Xxxvl xliii, 40 40 40 40, 41 40 40 xxvi, xl, xh 40, 41 163 163 216 xvi, 303, 316 1 eee el 317 317 104 237 xi, 92, 99 223, 234 235 223, 233 x 275 64 64 223, 284 xi, xli, 66 XXV, XXXVI xliv, 66, 67 67 66 67 67 67 67 67 xi, 66 ix, 2/4, 275 xili, 169, 184 Xxxi, XXXVii xlvi, 185 x, 48, 62 62 i, beeabe xliv, 62, 63 62 12 xiv, 267, 269 270 XV XVI XXX, XXXViii xlviii, 271 270 270 270 268 SESARMA—continued. Plate Figure Page miniata, de Saussure, be - 270 miilleri, A. Milne Edwards, xx 8 beatae pentagona, Hution, 270 oe . XX1l, XXXV111 schiittei, Hess, { xlviii, 271 stimpsonii, Mers, : ee 270 SESARMINZA, 258 SESARMINI, 253 SIMOCARCINUS, Miers, 35 simplex, Dana. , 35 SisypHus, 4. Milne Uiioaran : 43 Sisypeuus, Desbonne and Schramm, fa SoLENOLAMBRUS, Stimpson, 91, 92 SreLmopPHorus, A. Milne Edwards, 297, 318 SPEOCARCINUS, Stimpson, 222 SpHmRozius, Stimpson, xii, 109, 144 dispar (Dana), 144 nitidus, Stimpson, . F XII. ge 1 roe, SPHENOCARCINUS, A. Milne Ed- 34 wards, STENORHYNCHUS, Lamarck, X, 0, GO, Owe eeyptius, Milne Edwards, 6 brevirostris, Hasweilt, 6, 18 curvirostris, A. Milne Ed- 6. 18 d wards, : ezernjawskii, Brande, 6 falcifer, Stimpson, . “mete AAT: fissifrons, Haswell, inermis, Heller, longirostris (Fabricius), . rostratus (Linné), . rostratus, var. spinulosus, Miers, spinifer, 2. sp., . ; ib TrLEOPHRYS, Stimpson, . TETRALIA, Dana, TuHALAMITA, Latreiile, admete (Herbst), . : arcuatus, de Haan, ; cerullipes, Jacquinot and Incas, . : ; crenata, Riippell, . dane, Stimpson, gracilipes, A. Milne wards, hellerii, Hoffmann, : integra, Dana, integra, var. africana, Miers, { BON £O04y xliii, 6 XXXViii, xliii, 6, 7 xi, 87 163 | xiii, 170, 190 6.45 XXXV 2 192, 193,194 195, 197 xxiv, Xxxvii xivitgs) 92 195, 196 195 194, 199 XXV, XXxyii : {sii 194 199 193, 194, 199 192, 193 194 hare XXXVil xlvii, 195 194 THALAMITA—continued. intermedia, 2. sp., picta, Stimpson, prymna, Milne Edwards, pyrmna (var. B), de Haan, quadrilobata, Miers, savignyi, A. Milne Edwards, sexlobata, ”. sp., sima, Milne Edwards, speciosa, Miers, spinimana, Dana, . stimpsoni, 4. Milne Edwards, truncatus (de Haan), THALAMITES quadrilateres, Milne Edwards, THALAMITIENS, A. Milne Edwards, THALAMITINA, THALAMITOIDES, A. Mitne Ea- \ wards, : THALAMONYX, A. Milne Edwards, danz, A. Milne Edwards, dane, var. gracilipes, 4. Milne Edwards, THAUMASTOPLAX, fiers, THEALIA, Lucas, acanthopora, Lucas, THELPHUSA, Latreille, africana, A. Milne Vaan berardii, de Haan, borneensis, von Martens, chilensis, Heller, . A crassa, 4. Milne Edwards, cumingii, Miers, . dehaanii, White, . depressa, var. johnstoni, Miers, : t dubia, Capello, : fluviatilis, Latreclle, ; kuhlii, de Man, leichardtii, Miers, . limula, Hilgendorf, longipes, 4. Milne Edwards, madagascariensis, A, Milne Edwards, nilotica, Milne Edwards, pealiana, Wood-Mason, . perlata, Milne Hdwards, REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA. Plate Figure Page XXV, XXXvii XVI. 1 { ai 194 196, 197 one 54 194 xxiy, xxvii XXVili, xxxvii, xlvii 194,197, 198 197 194 194, 196 { Xxiil, xxxvii xlvii,194,196 Soak, Geen } xx XXXV1j xlvii, 195 194 194 XXlil, °xxviil he Xxxvil, xlvii 194, 198 191 193 XVI. 170 170, 193 170, 195 xiii, 170 192, 206 ace ae 192 { Xxill, XXxvii xlvii, 192 275 ae ese XV 0051290 5 Boo 291 xii, 213 A op 215 se site 215 214 218 214 on sr 214 . XXX, xxxi, xli xlvii, 215 ess bee 214 400 ae 214 213 214 214 214 214 214 phe Gt 214 oe 214 } xxi, xli, xlvii oi Tors THELPHUSA—continued. sinuatifrons, Milne Hd- wards, : sumatrensis, Miers, THELPHUSIENS, Milne Edwards, THELPHUSIN#, Milne Edwards, THELPHUSINEA,. THIA, THRANITES, Boodllius TLos, Adams and White, TRACHYMAIA, A. Milne Hdwards, cornuta, 4. Milne Edwards, TRAPEZIA, Latretlle, acutifrons, A. Milne Edwards, areolata, Dana, areolata, var. inermis, vi Milne Edwards, areolata, var. lxvis, bella, Dana, . eymodoce (Herbst), coerulea, Riippell, corallina, Gerstecker, dentata, MacLeay, . dentifrons, Latreille, digitalis, Latreille, Serruginea, Latreille, flavo-punctata, Hydowx and Souleyet, . formosa, Smith, fusca, Jacquinot and Lucas, guttata, Riippell, guttata, Riippell, var., hirtipes, Jacquinot and Lucas, latifrons, A. Milne Edwards, leucodactyla, Rippell, mintata, Jacquinot and Lucas, nigrofusca, Stimpson, reticulata, Stimpson, rufopunctata (Herbst), rufopunctata (Herbst), var. intermedia, now., speciosa, Dana, . : subdentata, Gerstecker, . tigrina, Kydoux and Souleyet, TRAPEZIDES, A. Milne Edwards, TRAPEZIINA, ‘ TRICHOCARCINUS, Miers, . TRICHOCERA, de Haan, TRICHOPUS, de Haan, : TRIGONOPLAX, Milne Edwards, TuBicoLé, Lockington, TyMmo us, Stimpson, TYPHLOCARCINUS, Stimpson, Uca, Leach, UuLtAs, Stimpson, XVID pl 361 Plate Figure Page xxix, xli, xlvii 214 214 xiii, 212 “hs 212 . xili, xlvii, 212 vii 170, 186 eae 297 68 12 af 31 viii, xii, 107 ia (168, 232, 253 Any 165 ea Shc 166 XxiV, XXXvii xlvi, 166, 167 aie 166 = 164 xxili, xxviii i | sci xlvi 165, 166 165 165 165 165 164 165, 166 eee «oe more 166, 167 164 165 165, 166, 168 vit Var XXxVii xlvi, 166 as ee 165, 166 Han 166 ane 164 mae 165 165 166 xxviii, xlvi 165, 167, 168 ay 2 (ee XXXvii xlvi, 168 164 ARE 165 sae 165 xii, 163 Stic xii, 163 65 110, 210 210 os 265 206 275 274 326 228, 238, 234 217 297 wee eee THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Plate Varuna, Milne Edwards, litterata (Fabricius), XANTHASIA, White, XANTHO, Leach, affinis, de Haan, arcuatus, Heller, anf bidentatus, 4. Milne Ea or wards , ; bouvieri, A. Milne Edwards, crenatus, Milne Edwards, cultrimanus, White, denticulatus, White, dispar, Dana, : distinguendus, de Haan, . floridus (Montgomery), granosimanus, A. Ba ae Edwards, granulosus, Riippell, hirtipes, Milne Edwards, impressus (Lamarck), levidorsalis, . macgillivrayi, Miers, maculatus (Haswell), minor, Dana, multidentatus, Teckiiaton: nudipes, A. Milne Edwards, occidentalis, A. Milne Edwards, peuce, White, peronti, Milne Wiwards.| pilipes, 4. Milne Edwards, punctatus, Milne Edwards, quinque-dentatus, Krauss, rivulosus, Risso, spinosus, Hess, stimpsonii, Smzth, . truncatus, de Haan, tuberculatus, Bel; XANTHODES, Dana, . angustus, Lockington, atromanus, Haswell, Figure ni i { Page . Xiv, 262, 265 NemAle, Sodbse REE VI, ood xlviii, 265 274 xii, 107, 108 116, 119, 124 127, 128, 129 137 137 125 XXVIli, XXxVl xlv, 125, 126 143 125 127 125 125 137 124 125 114 125 125 127 125 125 124 125 125 125 1389 122 124 127 137 124 122 125 125 124 124 125, 119, xii, 108, 127 128 127 XANTHODES—continued, bidentatus, 4. Milne cng wards, . depressus, White, . elegans, Stimpson, . P eriphioides, 4. Milne Edwards, granosomanus, Dana, hemphilliana, Lockington, hemphiili, Lockington, . insculpta, Stimpson, lamarckii (Milne Edwards), leucomanus, Lockington, melanodactylus, A. Milne Edwards, nitidulus, Dana, notatus, Dana, pachydactylus, A. Mitne Edwards, : rufopunctatus, A. hi Edwards, scabra (Fabricius), spinituberculatus raat ington), . taylori, Stimpson, . xantusii, Stimpson, XANTHODIUS, Stimpson, . XaAiva, Macleay, , XENOPHTHALMODES, Richéers, . XENOPHTHALMUS, White, XrPHonectES, A. Milne Hdwards, leptocheles, A. Milne Ed- wards, longispinosus (Dana), vigilans, Dana, ZozyMus, Leach, eneus (Linné), gemmula, Dana, levis, Dana, . pilosus, 4. Jfiine dour, pumilus, Jacquinot and Incas, : tomentosus, Milne Edwards, ‘Plate Page 128 Figure 127 127 128 127 116 115, 116 128 127 115, 116 Xvili, xXxxvi . {ssi xlv 128 127 127 127 128 127 (128 128 128 136 170 223 275 xiii, 169, 183 184 183, 184, 185 Xxili,’ xxxvii xlvi, 183 183 xii, 108, 119 134 { XXiv, XXxXvi “ Uxly, 134 1384 134 134 134 135. PLATE I. ae « } . i * + x : x s ; - H x * ; = f F iY oe i s i ve | 4%) Ly a : en r ‘ wt . ! f raga’ , ‘ (ZOOL. CHALL, EXP.—PART XLIx.—1886.)—Ccc, ney PLATE I. Fig. 1.°Stenorhynchus falcifer, Stimpson, adult male, Fig. la. Lateral view (in outline) of the carapace, Fig. 1b. Exterior view of a chelipede, Fig. 2. Stenorhynchus spinifer, n. sp. ; dorsal view of part of the carapace and rostrum ; considerably magnified, Fig. 2a. Inferior view of part of the carapace and rostrum of Stenorhynchus spinifer; considerably magnified. Fig. 3. Achxus tenwcollis, n. sp., adult male, Fig. 3a. Lateral view of carapace (in outline), : Fig. 30. Inferior view of the rostrum and antennal region of the same species, Fig. 3c. Chelipede of the same species, Fig. 4. Achxopsis spinulosus, Stimpson, adult female, Fig. 4a. Inferior view of the cervical region of the same species, x ee ee a ON Diam. Page 18 The Voyage of H.M.S. “Challenger.” Brachyure GSU Rob*Morg am del, et lith, West Newman & C? imp. STEFNORHYNCHUS — ACHMUS —ACHAOPSIS. wen O ) ’ " v ie? a iy i ‘ > . ; ‘ , is lf Pea aa ae So a , Fae ' THAT SSE ete SUES eae Seay ee Pc ae ae TC, eee »-t¥ ar , ’ RS A yi peti a at i ‘} Leary wie ae Veet ; lo “ tg a! ne os y . 2 . ‘ . . “4 ies!) vu i D ay mY ' ‘. 2 ' ; , : rar ; hae ; . Has rh ~~ PLATE IL. Diam. Fig. 1. Platymaca wyville-thomsoni, n. gen. and sp., adult female, . nat. size. _ Fig. la. Lateral view (in outline) of the carapace of the same species, . nat. size, Fig. 16. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the structure of the orbits, antenne, and maxillipedes, : : - eee Fig. 1c. Chelipede of the female, . | x Id Fig. ld. Magnified view of the bases of the first nd second Seine - legs, showing the spines on the coxe and following joints, and _ also the intervening sternal spines, ; . ioe PLATE I. ) s ? 1 ‘ ’ iy 4 J é #, } x ‘ ‘ ' “ ‘ ‘ ‘ ' cs a *s 7 = ‘ ‘ n Ciel a ad me i Pek | a xe ’ . y y > ) y : h 7 ‘ 4 f i « ; bY At sky 0 . moe i >? ai it 1 : a i .% ' A a'¢ i ' va a WE ; m ore OOL. CHALL. EXP.—PART XLIx —1886. A Pgh aes ‘ tikes 5 A eT Dé 4 we a 4 oi) ‘ ; Da ee ef Le PUTO wee < ee oe i (7 OYE Sa pve ulin UN @ a weas egy ty ts | ! Lee a se . a es a a a). Ws - baer | “" PLATE IIL. Fig. 1. Cyrtomaia murrayi, nu. gen. and sp., adult male, ge ‘ Fig. la, Lateral view of the carapace of the same specimen in outline, | showing the elevation and convexity of its dorsal surface, é Fig. 1b. Inferior view of part of the body, showing the form, position, and - structure of the orbits, antenne, and maxillipedes, ‘Fig. le. me sie of the same es, ; ; ‘ : Fig. 2. Gunna hae D. Sp. adult male, Fig. 2a, Lateral view of the carapace in outline, showing the convexity of its dorsal surface, . . - e e e Fig. 2h, Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the form and position of the eyes, antennz, and maxillipedes, Fig. 2c. Chelipede of the same specimen, . : ; : . sip ¥ 1 Ue f (2 f f y i a: & . , \ 3 iY € 4 r z ; ‘ an a, j la ; ; r ' ‘ t Pak ’ ¥ A y eee i 4 . ; & , h s “4 f ye Amal : cy fag ou ’ ) i 4 baad - by ~ ‘rs rat - t at sh : i varie, st.” ) + a , ut i » ‘ Lr te . hee (ips x cP - The Voyage of HM.S.” Challenger" Brachyura Pl. UL. West, Newman & C? imp Rob? Morgan del. ct Jith. CYRTOMATA. | ‘= of eae ' uy \ * 7 i j Kt \ , La! | ‘. " vig ¥ ay « a, ' ’ 4 Xe ie ; ‘ b 7 p ‘ Ca Re ry” Ta ¢ is fy! " i ~ , { ; J e < sti ‘sy ‘ ’ a Lec be Pe nhs i > A ot : = aru . 3 Le ee ) ‘f ie 1 + 4 4 rN eS ee ‘ > tere os lan PLATE IV. Fig. 1. Anamathia pulchra, n. sp., adult male, Fig. la. Lateral view of the carapace of the same species, ; Fig. 10. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the structure of the orbits, antennee, and outer maxillipedes, Fig. le. Post-abdomen of the male. Fig. 2. Echinoplax mosleyi, n. gen. and sp., adult female, Fig. 2a. Lateral view of the carapace in outline, : x A Fig. 2b. Inferior view of the cervical region, eee the orbits, antenne, — and outer maxillipedes, . Fig. 2c. Post-abdomen of the female. of . ie Fig. 3. Eurypodius latredle, Guérin-Ménéville ; exterior view of a i chelipede, adult male, typical form, | e : ° “ii J Fig. 3a. Chelipede of a variety of the same species (adult male), showing the difference in the form of the palm and tuberculation of the fingers, The Voya ge of H.M.S."Challenger" Brachyura Pl IV. Se ree Reb! Morgan del.et hth. : ; West, Newman & C° imp. AMATHIA — ECHINOPLAX — EURYPODIUS.: as (200k, CHATL, EXP.—PART XLIx.-—1886.)—Cec. PLATE V. Fig. 1. Hurypodius longirostris, n. sp.; carapace of male example, Fig. 1a. Lateral view of carapace of the same specimen, , Fig. 2. Lnspognathus thomsoni (Norman), var.?; carapace of male example from Sydney, New South Wales, Fig. 2a. Lateral view of carapace in outline, . Fig. 2b. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing a structure of the eyes, antenne, and maxillipedes, Fig, 2c. Chelipede of the same specimen, Fig. 3. Hrgasticus naresn, n. sp., adult female, Fig. 3a, Lateral view of the carapace in outline ‘ Fig. 3b. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the “ani aS of the eyes, orbits, antennz, and maxillipedes Fig. 3c. Chelipede of the female, Page 23 28 30 The Voyage of HMS. ” Challenger.” . Brach: ssa é PE yura . e 4 Rob*Morgan del. et lith. West, Newman &G? 1mp. EURYPODIUS — LISPOGNATHUS —ERGASTICUS. “ie IE nf Ne ieee x a a, us ar Pee 2 y , _ f 4 7“ ua ’ he ;: . Bio a: i .* ~-. 4 oy" 7 > '- , ve ste Ayan, if aes : Ay i ry ~ 1 ee fae) x rat +. a hy rm ' e: i eae _ r 5 , al hts : y ol 7 % oat oF : ’ we ah sae ig) aX » C ; i a, oh . : in i ; s= t +S Lt | oat eee Ai « H %, iF 1 20 jel J : vi, 43 i oe ’ oF ra ss ‘ coy ova : h i : a ’ i- 7 a ’ : “ as x - { . 4 8 PLATE VI. ‘Fig. 1. Oaxypleurodon stimpsoni, u. gen. and sp., adult female, — ; ; Fig. 1a. Lateral view of the carapace of the same specimen, Fig. 10. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the position and structure of the eyes, antennz, and exterior maxillipedes, ; Fig. 1c. Chelipede of the same specimen, . or he Salers Fig. 2. Pugettia velutina, n. sp., adult female, . Meet) Fig. 2a. Inferior view of the cervical region, ae the form of the orbits, antenne, and maxillipedes, : : ss Fig. 2). Chelipede of the same specimen, ae ae. : Fig. 8. Hyastenus elegans, nu. sp., female example, , ye, Fig. 4. Nawia hystrix, n. sp., female example, nearly adult, % Bice Fig. 4a. Lateral view of the carapace of the same specimen, showing the _ elevation of the dorsal spines, ; : , 7 th j Ne As f i aie hie 3 ‘ *s 1 sis " f eh of wh a 2 6 PF if ial if Y ’ aioe a A i S Is y, i = . Pe OG oleh de ee Rolie Wes Wa Pee eG Pe ee a se ed The Voyage of HMS." Challenger.” Brachyura Pl. VI. i \ : \ f bo f 6p i Hy Ho} i EH ——o aS Robt Mcrgan del. et lith. OXYPLEURODON — PUGETTIA — HYASTENUS -NAXIA West Newman & 0? imp. <4 - vrs i f t Lag , q ra a T : <7 F =] - ‘ : ied : ( en ee oF ie s : ' oe POAC HaV EN | ts ; wey) i ty = +2 a d g . = - j PR: Bases GPO TN ’ f $ é ‘ ¥ f J . ‘J : any rT a fy ' ¥ ‘ 4 1 - ’ 1 + i : ee Ge ‘ ; a * a a) = i ’ : ‘ i ee ‘ { * ’ nas ft Tad % r ae é ‘ sig I ¥) 7 2 — ' “y ee Py ee 4 ; = a! : 4 Aa ay TTATT. BYP >| ‘ (ZOOL, CHALL, EXP. —PA ‘ * bei, ee : iz : pg hy , vin ; ee ae etl is ody, ees ke : iy Pe + ose F PS by ‘3 5 5) 6 , F 4 ie i =) ’ - »! r y i x ‘ 74 ia ¥ v1 : Py x | x y - i, ; iy Ce MRT SOE Kae, apes Loa Fs f ; 3 as Ay 3 { : ’ Df ; j al : é ‘, ae Alt Ae irr : ALS vs J ae ah a ri , i ns Pye F ct ie : {+ - : 4 J : PLATE VII. Me Wai . | va ee Ub Fig. 1. Herbstia rubra, A. Milne Edwards, male example, —. ap Fig. la. Chelipede of the male, a : : Fig. 2. Herbstia (Herbstiella) depressa, Stimpson ) : See Fig. 3. Chlorinoides coppingert (Haswell), adult male, : eae ree ig. 3a, Inferior view of the ‘cervical region, showing the form of the pac . antennal joint and exterior mastllipedve, : ; atta. Fig. 30. _Chelipede, re vias : : é Rae Fig. 4. Scyra compressipes, Stimpson, adult male, Fig, 4a, Lateral view of rostrum and orbit, : yh - Fig. 4b. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing os form of the antenne and exterior maxillipedes, ; : Rate, < “Fig 4e, Chelipede, yaa 0] Gh n> < ; x . oe ' Ne. ‘ : ry y. . A ; \ Z Lar 7 € ‘ ; { i ’ eS Ply Sit) an 5 / i ERAS fhe. 8) pit ne é JCS LH mn LA a 4 - bai ieee | nl , ee eee el id , . i? 7 as Ca apa) a ' el “ ‘ ° AT, ly as Bw oy , - ae spark , ‘ rs aes The Voyage of HM.S. Challenger.” Brachyura PI. VII. AS Robt Morgan del. et lith. West,Newman & C° imp. HEREBSTIA — CHLORINOIDES —SCYRA. -_-. its (ie at ie pe a € dna ¥ Ae | -) if4 a TAP ay ¥ a | ‘ a =" } PLATE VIII * / . - an y * ~ ‘ ~ i* ~ 5 ' Lat , ‘ ye ‘ ; ‘ i ‘ * ta 1 Ny i eh Pt \ a g Pa : et al , +, ri ny L a Wey Lyne J h 4 AL wh 1a D J + % vs; 7) a Tee ee te ven i a en i ee eT a hfe aap i ‘ a) wh iy bpd ‘ Nah . Aa md h 1 a ‘ a Ae iii Ai Ae igrabe hate?! Pee eas mo ae bw Wo aay ie a5 : f) he ; pe ; ee SP a Ny ai i ates . A ‘ é 5 "4 i el aa eye aft - a Ne bas ay oe A 4 , Tet Waa he =! eal Dane Neary. e Vines i | ? : 1 | ce “9 A : ‘ AN y ‘ : » 5 PLATE VIII. ee ’ ’ "~ \ Fig. 1. Notolopas brasiliensis, n. sp., male example, . : zt Fig. la. Post-abdomen of the male, 4 4 HONG obi Fig. 1b. Inferior view of the cervical region of a variety with more strongly divergent rostral spines, showing also the form of the basal antennal joint and exterior maxillipedes in this species (from an ts adult male), . ¢ Wee Le oe h fice Fig. 1c. Notolopas lamellatus, Stimpson (?), adult male; inferior view — of the cervical region, showing the form of the basal antennal joint and exterior maxillipedes (figured for comparison from a specimen in the collection of the British Museum), Fig. 2. Micippa spinosa, Stimpson, adult male, a M Fig. 2a. Rostrum of the same species ; anterior view, . . | i y Fig. 2b. Chelipede, bt SO: ee oh Aen APC Oe be ad Fig. 3. Micippa spinosa, var. affinis, Miers, adult male, Fig, 3a. Rostrum; anterior view, .— , . ‘ 4 Fig. 30. Chelipede, ‘ Kor. Sree : at . Fig. 3c. Post-abdomen of the male ; : . . 7 sat . - os Be 3 FL . . ' by ee ry, we : , ; a fi etal ine a in The Voyage of HMS. “Challenger.” Brachyura Pl, Vill Robt Morgan del. et hth. West, Newman & C? imp NOTOLOPAS — MICIPPA. wn ee ; : ee aT dl é ' a phil: 3 sis ‘ : - x ot : - . ‘ a ; c Cee j i > ‘ he ssh F yy 1 4 rie i Ct h r f yam ‘ ; 5 i ; - f er ; Wiel , = ? a a ity ¢ 5 ‘ >: i ’ a +4 . * ws i : i, th \ . ' y ; F — , 7 : z $4 ? a in < EN Ach oO ms 4 q 1 5 vas ; | oh Phe . eat cin < by ‘ is eh. Wy + ae ie j Win.) i 3 ave Oo > nig tee os ny AS ; ' CLE r ‘id bb Pac: oF >), ine ys nN ‘ 4 ee bake mT, a vf pelay J ’ Pon eu ere ; oe or by: i tad ar v taht . mK a Mee = Jhe : us ut 2 . Gan Cy Le rie aA . J ak Gh ie ere: Ay 7 NRL ae _ 1 Ty a4 4 4 Ma ria. Tere aig PU Tae Ak ees ' ‘ st t 4 i + v) \ 2: A ’ ? i , oS. ; ad PLATE IX. Fig 1. Libinia ene h. Sp., quit male, % a sas Peres size Fig. la. Lateral view (in outline) of the carapace of ie same ppees 7 showing the spines of the dorsal surface, &c., Pub. : nat. ‘size Fig. 1. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the orbits, antenne, : ‘fe tt and the exterior maxillipedes, . ne baa ht wooo Eig, 1c, Exterior view of a chelipede, e . v4 he Fig. 2. Labima gracilipes, 1 Meg ieee eA a ie eae nae.) ‘Fig. 2a. Lateral view (in outline) of the carapace, showing the spines and tubercles of the dorsal surface, , a ‘ gee Fig. 2b. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the orbits, antenne, and exterior maxillipedes, —S ee ; ay ecu Fig. 2c. Exterior view of a chelipede; The Voyage of H.M.S.” Challenger.” Brachyura Pl. Ix. West Newman.& C° imp Rob* Morgan del.et lith. IBINTA. | i. a 7 ¥ - ~— ~~ Y.. ea Pan eet MUA Tle ie he 8) . A Gee: Cal ky ae eae don . Lan Aye , - oe bs ‘A | ihe Baar vie ch y re \ : : s ; i \ Pe ele Vie. - = J E 4 2 ‘ y , ‘ a ‘ F; * ’ wf +4 K i vi by a J a | i ‘4 4 a ; 2; 7 a7 b ‘ y J iy K! i , i A s : ‘ ( 1 “s \ ' > ? 7 r x” 4 7 2 , 4 serie gh . 2 ae ot | : i sa ef . 5 % r] ae - be ‘ 4) k 4 F and j i Ae ThT AS Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. PLATE X. . Picroceroides tubularis, n. gen. and sp., adult male, Fig. la. Lateral view (in outline) of the carapace, : ; Fig. 10. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the eyes, antenne, and exterior maxillipedes, Fig. 1c. Chelipede, . Macroceloma concava, nu. sp., adult male, . Fig. 2a. Lateral view of carapace in outline, ; ; Fig. 2b. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the form of the antenns and exterior maxillipedes, . Mithrax sp., young male example, . Fig. 3a. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the basal antennal joint and maxillipedes ; considerably magnified. Fig. 3b. Chelipede of the same specimen. . Lambrus intermedius, Miers, adult male (from the type- specimen, from the Korean Channel, in the collection of the British Museum), . Lambrus (Aulacolambrus) hoplonotus, var. granulosus, Miers, adult female, . x x ] 1g nat. size. 2 5 about 2 Page 77 81 89 96 98 The Voyage ao MS: "Challenger a Brach: PL X achyura Pl. X. West, Newman & C2? imp Rob* Morgan. del.et lith . PICROCEROIDES — MACROCG@LOMA — MITHRAX—LAMBRUS. Mu) se f; TD yt ls ‘ ‘a ie 4 ' ‘ . q fe of ‘ ‘ ' , ' , 3 i . 4 2, , he 7 7 4 ’ 1 os ‘ uy 7 Fe ae toe bepP a, va 1 -_ = * ae a a < i P . a Oe 7 SAS “" ie oe a a ee a ee a 7 ‘hy A 7 ry ‘eta 4 De Part Pa a ye? Fs ane) Se ve ij we a ° a4 - 7 . x bad Sy) veg sca 9 \a~ ' PLATE XL. ; . : i ‘ ‘ , , 5 ‘ ! ras © k i 71 ; 4 ~ ‘ ; ‘ / a , uJ . wi bs ‘w, ! , ee flit i e~ 4. j y : r XLIx.—1886.)—Cce. es Pu Re i. Bhi % ‘ia, a) ‘ a - a Ts PLATE XI. Fig. 1. Lophozozymus (Lophoxanthus) bellus, var. leucomanus, Lockington, adult male, Fig. la. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the antenne and the exterior maxillipedes, Fig. 1b. Chelipede, Fig. 2. Medeus haswelli, n. sp.; carapace of an adult male, Fig. 2a. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing part of the orbits, the antenne, and the exterior maxillipedes, Fig. 2b. Chelipede, Fig. 2c. Post-abdomen of the male. Fig. 3. Actwa hystrix, n. sp., female, Fig. 3a. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing part of the orbits, the antenne, and exterior maxillipedes, Fig. 3b. Chelipede, Fig. 4. Xantho bidentatus, A. Milne Edwards, adult male, Fig. 4a. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing part of the orbits, the antennx, and the exterior maxillipedes, Fig. 4b. Larger chelipede, Diam. nearly 3 4 3 w= about 5 about 5 about 4 ise ro) aad about 6 S 3 Page 115 117 121 126 The Voyage of HM.S.” Challenger.” Brachyura Pl. XI. Robt Morgan del. et lth, West, Newman & C2 imp. LOPHOZOZY MUS —MEDGUS —ACTRA — XANTHO ‘ 24 f ry Os " & My i © ~~ 4 . = pS et ia pe & . iv i 1 | vo 4 me) the ft a? ‘ARS i i! aah eg 4 ‘al Ua ey a Ae io Toy bo Vibe ; Peo co * at y . i Oe ¥ * f + i} a 5 ea 4 ver ate | Oh tees AG Tho aM ns) Meee beh en Cea we , : : F secen PLATE XII. Fig. 1. Trapexa guttata, Riippell, var., adult female, Fig. la. Chelipede, Fig. 2. Trapexa rufopunctata (Herbst), var. intermedia, nov., adult female, } Fig. 2a. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the form of the antenne, part of the orbits, and exterior maxillipedes, Fig. 2b. Chelipede, Fie. 3. Pseudozius bowneri, var. mellissii, Miers, adult female, Fig. 3a. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the form of the antennee and exterior maxillipedes, Fig. 3b. Exterior view of a chelipede, . Fig. 3c. Post-abdomen, Fig. 4. Spherozus nitidus, Stimpson, adult male, . Fig. 4a. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the form of the antenne and exterior maxillipedes, Fig. 4b. Exterior view of a chelipede, Fig. 4c. Post-abdomen, x x x 24 4 nat. size. about 2 nat. size. 14 about 5 coo Ff, 20|— Page 166 168 143 144 Brachyura PI. XII, The Voyage of H.M.S."Challenger.” ‘West Newman &% C9 imp. Robt Morgan delet lith. SEPIA ROA L Us. — PsEvUbDoziu Ss — Pe ASP EZ EAC iy Pet ee " é r i * fi Ad +h ' rp. r 9 if Ee } } { H , ‘ * y ‘ | eal ae ss \ AS pag Adah oa Lj : oF aa ay 1c bag ve ih | | : i of oe ‘A rh. . 4 “Mies i thes : f " \ , a ’ . ' ‘ E ce , : bi 2 * , ; ? ‘ ' 5 rt % “ 1 a . ae ‘ t ‘ 1 A 4 ! — * « “ ‘ * ‘ ‘ . aa.) PLATE MUL, ai ai m a 5 , ‘ at nm a ey i ve orn - q se 4 ' a =r > bs oh re ae ential Maly sae Lye! : i. Mi 43% ‘ = Hl \ ‘ y , e. : ’ a - s. PLATE XII” Fig. 1. Pilumnus africanus, A. Milne Edwards, adult male, Fig. la. Chelipede, A RS ir Fig. 1b. Post-abdomen of the male, . © ree : Fig. 2. Pilumnus brasiliensis, n. sp., female, ial Kan A Fig. 2a. Frontal and orbital region, Fig. 2. Larger chelipede, . Lf si be RDO: Judea a Fig. 2c. Smaller chelipede, . : i ; 6 Fig. 2d. Post-abdomen of female, es 5 ; Fig. 3. Pilumnus floridanus, Stimpson, adult male (variety from Bahia), : 2 ; ; Fig. 3a. Frontal and orbital region, . ; 3 Fig. 3b. Chelipede of male, 5 Fig. 3c. Larger chelipede of a female from Barra Grande (Station 122), showing the (perhaps sexual) difference in the tuberculation of the exterior surface, . — d . Fig. 3d. Post-abdomen of the male, . . : is ac Wie, 2 : a : a8 ‘vi : é a“ a wh \ i © A ie 4 ee y A Ye e ‘ Ms \ - ah te - { i a i, ee See i ryan, 3X i Pee NS Te ‘ y Te! 70 , ¥ Pe Bort | wpa y. "per i me i“ ” é ys : ae Did dk ee Ce ko AS : IN ye x “x ‘ ‘Diam. P, The Voyage of jal ING Sp Challenger - Brachyura Pl. XM. Rob? Morgan del.et hth. West, Newman & C° imp. PLT WIN US i ‘a { t ’ : , ane ° - s ‘ >) Sone, ‘ 4 b t +a % - 28 1 1! om) j fag 5 ‘ ‘ .. ‘- + , . » 3 Br wshe A a , REL Lee eee t if a MA ke 4 Wh Pashia ii ne a Ip ‘ i : ‘ a ath 33 b is UP ane e ‘3 ts . t %, wed Wel | i oth : we a | Any ptt 1 ee . 5 tA, h ; phat ee ee xe a ba & F 4 ae ' ark. eye! hacen $ Nia 4 ‘ ; ALN Node Nat 1) aA ‘ : q tot , ‘ Vex ts Sie ane Shira TO coon fo ! i . ue t ab + " ries ) } yet a + i CRN fas fs Oa SNE mn wh rs ; . ag 4 PLATE XIV. | ) aed decd Aaa Fig. 1. Pilumnus dehaani, Miers, female example, —_.. OTe ce Fig. la. Larger chelipede, . awh ’ 3 BOR ARTSS be tiacramdel ipo A Fig. 2. Pilumnus normant, n. sp., adult male, : Week Fig. 2a. Anterior view of the frontal region, showing ‘the form of the frontal lobes and orbits, a: Ki: ro a Fig. 2). Exterior view of larger chelipede, ; , thing ; Fig. 2c. Post-abdomen, 4 Pairs aT; : PUG Fig. 3. Pilumnus vestitus, Haswell, adult female, . ae - x nearly 2 Fig. 3a, Exterior view of larger chelipede, ay : hon Fig. 4. Pilumnus tomentosus (2), Latreille, adult male, . . bh peg: Fig. 4a. Exterior view of larger chelipede, ; ; ops Fig. 4b. Post-abdomen of the male, . . Bie eh alegh a 4 ‘Fig. 5. Pilunnus rufopunctatus, Sain peane dorsal view of part of the carapace, showing the form of the front, the denticulated orbits and granulated carapace, sx about: o “ eS eI NP a4 re aie ee SC oe Ba The Voyage of HMS. “Challenger.” Pratt rachyura Pl. XIV. Bal Mi West Newman & C? imp Robt IWlorgan del. et lth. PILUMNUS. fon a Awana A aay mS P.—PART XL1X.—1886.)—Coe. PLATE XY. PLATE XV, Ld Fig. 1. Neptunus (Amphitrite) spinipes, n. sp., ily example, . 7+ xe PAN . Fig. la. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the form ee the a ] antenn and exterior maxillipedes, en Sie XA Fig. 1b. Chelipede, ; ; 3 i ee ee : xe Fig. le, Post-abdomen of the sas 6 see : 6 ie “eae | . ‘ ' | Fig. 2. Cronius bispinosus, nu. sp., adult female, . . . xe Fig, 2a, Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the inferior | Mh 7 orbital margin, antenn, and exterior maxillipedes, . ig Re Bie Fig. 2b, Chelipede, aa pe Ee Fig. 3. Goniosoma variegatum, var. bimaculatum, nov., adult male, . Se : Fig. 3a. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the inferior orbital ‘ ‘a margin, antenne, and exterior maxillipedes, &c., ; A x Fig. 35. Chelipede, ; ; . ee at oy Fig. 3c. Post-abdomen of the male yah Y els BVT?) . i ih a ah ae es +s ig a, > " ‘ 4 "4 LS a ae? e roe Paes iret t ART ere ae +) ob2Y oh we ol ere ‘ie ie es i Tee) ht The Voyage of H.M.S. “Challenger.” Brachyura Pl. XV. ror ley. West, Newman & C? imp. Robt Morgan del. et ith. Nine U NUS) — CRON LUS = C_OLNnE@iS ONES: We ee oe Bate yt ee ee ear ce 27 re iy “We = : bd P i. sO hae as rh : . ae a 4 = < 7 ” . i x ® b = we = a“ \ b 4 i i 5 ; , i v j - . ne \ \, mish i F rs as t ‘ . > = 4 i i / » | ‘ : 7 . L - ~ \ , put x ff = Pe 4 A ie a - i 4 = . te : +. Y r t ‘ q » 7 ; e ae , “rl , ue i * n a - 4 mid PLATE XVI, Fig. 1. Thalamita intermedia, n. sp., carapace of adult male, Fig. la. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the inferior orbital margin, antennz, and exterior maxillipedes, Fig. 10. Chelipede, ‘ ; : E 5 Fig. lc. One of the fifth (natatory) legs, showing the spinuliferous penultimate joint, Fig. 1d. Post-abdomen of the male, Fig. 2. Thalanuta sexlobata, n. sp., adult female, . Fig. 2a. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the orbits, antenne, and exterior maxillipedes, Fig. 2b. Chelipede, : ; : ; ; Fig. 2c. One of the fifth (natatory) ‘legs, showing the unarmed inferior margin of the penultimate joint, _ dQ Fig. 3. Geryon (2) incertus, n. sp., carapace, Fig. 3a. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the position of the antennz with regard to the orbits and the exterior maxillipedes, / ‘ , ; Figs. 30, 3c. Detached ambulatory legs, probably belonging to the same species, Xx x x bo wol— 4 4 about 7 about 9 6 Page 196 196 224 The Voyage of H.M.S.” Challenger.” Brachyura PL. wpa RE gee eres Robt Morgan del. et hth. West, Newman & C? imp THALAMITA — GERYON. PLATE XVIL PLATE XVII. Diam. Page Fig. 1. Lwpocyclus (Parathranites) orientalis, n. sp., adult male, i aay 186 Fig. la. Inferior view of part of the cervical region, showing the inferior orbital margin, antenne, and the merus of the exterior maxilli- pedes, : 5 ‘ . : . x 4 Fig. 1b. Chelipede, : : ; a, ss eh cae Fig. le. Post-abdomen of the male, : : . ‘> Fig. 2. Platyonychus iridescens, n. sp., adult female, . ' . nat eize. 202 5 A ) i b) Fig. 2a. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the antennze and exterior maxillipedes, . 4 : ; . hat. size. Fig. 2). Exterior view of the palm of the chelipede, . . . nat. size. Fig. 2c. Post-abdomen of the male (from a small specimen), ‘ ce Nee Fig. 2c. Post-abdomen of the female, , 3 ' . nat. size. Fig. 3. Lissocareimus levis, nu. sp., adult female, UY Keyan 205 Fig. 3a. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the antenne and the exterior maxillipedes, . ; ; : ae KS Fig. 3b. Chelipede, The Voyage of H.M.S." Challenger is Brachyura Pl. XVII. West Newman & C? tmp. Robt Morgan del.et lith. HOM ESXO) CYCLUS — PLATYONYCHUS —LISSOCARCINUS. a_i a * [ wi @ > PLATE XVIII. Fig. 1. Lhelphusa sinuatifrons, Milne Edwards (?); dorsal view of the anterior part of the carapace of a male example, showing the (probably abnormally) bilobated front, Fig. la. Dorsal view of the anterior part of the carapace of a female taken with the preceding specimen, Fig. 2. Geocarcinus lagostoma, Milne Edwards; adult female from Ascension Island, Fig. 2a, Frontal region of the same specimen, showing the form of the orbits, : Fig. 20. Third maxillipede, exterior view, Fig. 2c. Third maxillipede, interior view, Diam. 1 x 1s 1 > 4 1% nat. size. nat. size. nat, size. nat. size. 214 218 Brachyura Pl. XVI. The Voyage of HM,S."Challenger."” West, Newman & C° imp Rob*Moxgan del. et lth JASE AVEVEO SwX = Caw GCyYNMSXS Wagons} - iced ‘ 7 , 5 ' a | aad Ly j / ( | i 3 7 j é ' F 1 hg a h 3 4 t & x Ly ‘ re 4 | ‘ , : / j j f 4. ‘ : ’ 1 a ‘ - % ( { > ‘ 5 * 3 ; ; 3 yi 4 ; f j a = mn - S z F 5 4 2 - ' 2 + a i PLATE XIX. (ZOOL. CHALL. EXP.—PART XLIx.—1886.)—Cce. PLATE XIX. Fig. 1. Pilumnoplax heterochir (Studer), adult male, Fig. la. Anterior view of the frontal region of the carapace, showing the form of the frontal lobes and orbits, &c., Fig. 1. Exterior view of larger chelipede, Fig. le. Exterior view of smaller chelipede, Fig. 1d. Post-abdomen of the male, Fig. 2. Pilumnoplax abyssicola, nu. sp., male example, Fig. 2a. Anterior view of the frontal region of the carapace, showing the form of the front, orbits, &c., Fig. 2. Exterior view of larger chelipede, Fig. 3. Ceratoplax ciliata, Stimpson, female example, Fig. 3a. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the form of the inferior orbital margin, antenne, and _ exterior maxillipedes, Fig. 36. Exterior view of a chelipede, . x > Oa Ses as Page 227 228 234 The Voyage of H.M.S." Challenger.’ Brachyura P1.XJX% Rate ar ae See oi ~. TS Rob* Morg am delet lith. West, Newman & C? imp FItLUMINOPLAX- On RAT OPL AX, PLATE XX. Fig. 1. Macrophthalmus serratus, Adams and White (from an adult male example from the Philippines, in the collection of the British Museum), Fig. la. Small male example, doubtfully referred to the same species, from Kobé, Japan, in the Challenger collection, . Fig. 1b. Chelipede of the Japanese specimen, Fig. 2. Gonoplax sinuatifrons, n. sp. (2), female example, er Q ig. 2a, Anterior view of the cervical region, showing the antenne and part of the maxillipedes, ; . ‘ Fig. 20. Anterior view of the front, showing the sinus in the frontal margin, ' Fig. 2c. Exterior view of a chelipede, Fig. 3. Bathyplax typhius, A. Mime Edwards, var. oculiferus, nov., frontal region and eyes, Diam. nat. size. Kee x6 ees padiy y | beaut 4 x ee a! ured Page 250 246 230 XW IGAHLVE-XWIdONOD-SOWIVHLHAGIONDVA ‘duat 60 ow EUIMS NAS SMA “WAIL ATEp Uebsopr 4 qo x S SS Be WWRELRE XX Id vankyoerg, , JOZUSTIVYD, SIH Jo es eho, ouy ae (z001. CHALI, EXP.—PART XLIX.—1886,)—Ccc. - * oe > my .. a aa ; . Wy i bi A Aone Ay \ sai i '* mm Lote ited ot ines 1“ PLATE XXI. Diam. Page Fig. 1. Lithocheira kingsley., Miers, adult male example, . . xX about 3 232 Fie. la. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the orbits, antenne, and exterior maxillipedes, . : ee ed 4 Fig. 1b. Part of the sternal surface of the body, showing the position 5 of the male verges, x about 5 Fig. le. Exterior view of larger chelipede, x 3 Fig. 1d. Post-abdomen of the male, , ; : ie Ps i) Fig. 2. Helice latreille:, Milne Edwards, var., adult female, ox 2 268 Fig, 2a. Exterior view of a chelipede, . ’ ; iha>.s Fig. 3. Sesarma miilleri, A. Milne Edwards, male example, x Fig, 3a. Anterior view of the frontal region of the carapace, MAPS Fig. 3b. Chelipede, 4 : ; : Neg 34 xX Fig. 3c. Post-abdomen of the male, The Voyage of H.M. oe Challenger x Brachyura P1.XXi- Rokt Morgam del.et lth. West,Newman &C° imp. LeLOcei BE InA Hee TCs. fei AK MA. Ve Sa ES Oe ‘ ) a : ‘4 be. - ' ty #3 . yee | 5 7 » > : + ‘ 4 a | i ee ie ‘ u A, : i " 5 { . if + ¥ \ ‘ i “ a i et ee ; 7 i i af t a t ‘ > 4 * x PLATE XXIL. y PLATE XXII. Diam. Page Fig. 1. Plagusia ommaculata, Lamarck, male example, teh ae oe Fig. la. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the antenne and maxillipedes, } : =|) eka ae Fig. 1b. Chelipede, : OL i as Fig. lc. Post-abdomen of the male, } é . gO has Fig. 1d. Plagusia chabrus (Linné), exterior view of a chelipede, . nat. size. Fie. 2. Pinnotheres villosulus, Guérin-Ménéville, adult female, . oS anaes 277 Fig. 2a. Anterior view of the cervical region, showing the form of the frontal lobes and position of the antennules and antennee, : x 6 Fig, 2b. Exterior maxillipede (interior view); considerably magnified. Fig. 2c, Exterior view of a chelipede, F : 5 it egies The Voyage of H.M.S ."Challenger’ Brachyura Pl. XXII, *Morqam delet hth. » West,Newman &C° tvap. ee ne PLAGU <1A -PINNO THE RES. : . PLATE XXIII. (ZOOL. CHALL. EXP.—PART XLIx.—1886.)—Cce. eo, VX rp ie iy : Tp Bb ‘ok ty ih c) 4 a e « m, HN : ip 7ay nly ~ : / : : A * hea : hh te S ia < 73 . % eater i" , 4 1% Os 7 oe et ae r¢ ri » . a > i i > . ¥" ei i t U ee he he) hme ee BUR en | ul) Si ae soe acd Lt ie ; ‘ ‘ e we + A 1 feu as r + ty ‘aw 0 4 s} ® 1 > 1. ma rehehy a wa & Po! ip. 7 art J Pe S ue: ) u 1 er 1 ~ ( fe of 4 yas gti i y - : W ‘ ‘ "ie FS if \ , j : ! 4 2 4 Pama” te € j “ae " 3M e Ay ‘ at | re hw i Pitas OAT) ih ASK ‘wt y F i i ' ‘ PLATTEN X11 ae Fig. 1. Calappa flammea (Herbst), adult male from Simon’s Bay, Fig. la. Exterior maxillipede, showing the form of the merus-joint, Fig. 1. Exterior view of a chelipede, Fig. 2, Calappa dlepressa, n. sp., female example, Fig. 2a. Part of the orbit and an exterior maxillipede of the same species, XxX Fig. 2b. Exterior view of a chelipede, : re fe : ~ : > iy Brachyura P1. XXII. ” The Voyage oP HMS. “Challeng er er He “ ee c Fegan aor ‘ igh Tic Saag 89 sea a aaa ioe ok» West, Newman &Coamp Robt Morgan del.et lth, CAISAPPA: ; aie = ba ae oon i ra 1 + se OR ip vin ll Cee ae , ti Ld : C “4 chia # NES oy PLATE AKT Vy |e Fig. 1. Paracyclois milne-edwardsii, n. gen. and sp., adult female, Fig. la. Cervical region of the same species, anterior view, showing the form of the front and orbits, if , Wht ; Fig. 14. Cervical region, inferior view, showing the form of the antenne and exterior satel ne eas ; Fig. 1c. Chelipede, ; SS he. ok =e Fig. 2. Miran curtispind, ND. sp., adult female, ver ” Fig, 2a. Orbit, showing the hiatus i in he inferior margin, andl the position uy of the basal antennal joint, —S ‘ Fig. 2b. Exterior maxillipede, ¢ ie Fig. 2c. Chelipede, i : i The Voyage of HM.S “Chall eviger” Brachyura Pl. XXIV a ok & Robt Morgan del.et hth. West, Newman &Co imp, PARACYCLOIS-MURSIA. ty oe . q meee} fn 4 | g tre 4% My ’ ‘EIS Aah ‘ oe 5 fe i ; a dab $ z nv y ' vf ” is ? ‘ at ae pat? i } x - vr 4 P rsd t hoa Ley, f Pie k. a ade “, etic War he / a A i 7. ‘ { ay 5 ok ae 8 sabe) fae we ¢ at ” Al : a } y <3 é i € v: P * ” ty Vy 7 q Ti . Oe P % $ Sr aera a ees a Le ie ose -v I ‘ ‘ y a y icy Pp + E i. ‘ » \ P aa zg ea et ts a a pty. = ie 1 ' a ” Fig. Fig. Fig. PLATE XXV. Ebalia tuberculosa (A. Milne Edwards), adult male, Fig. la. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the form exterior maxillipedes, Ebalia (Phlyxia) intermedia, nu. sp., male example, = fe} g. 2a. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the form exterior maxillipedes, Fig. 2b. Post-abdomen of the male, Fig. 2c. A (detached) ambulatory leg, . Kbalia (Phlyxia) quadridentata, Grey, var. spinifera, male example, Be, gi ig. 3a. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the form exterior maxillipedes, Ebalia (Phlyxia) dentifrons, n. sp., adult female, Fig. 4a. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the form exterior maxillipedes, Persephona punctata (Browne), male example, Fig. 5a. Exterior maxillipede, Fig. 5b. Post-abdomen of the male, of the oft the nov., of the of the x Page 306 308. 309 310 312 The Voyage of H.M.S. “Challenger” PL. XXY. "ee 2 tae ats Robt Morgan del.etlith. West,Newman &C°% imp. ’ MBALIA=PERSHPHONA. ae } 14 ba Bere ¢") ih ae sae nm ey BER ees Wee Wl yi ay, ie? ad) 2g : CaF : 4 _ ‘ : ‘ : ty, . j 2?- .F Ps y Pie : pt “i ibe coal iver We? ' J ‘ , ek i 4 | t iT. ‘ n a aS ; 7 MIAN mek gee Piast . ; y Vee ; es A 4 Pn Lee ee gee 9 . 4; « ? y . i re i a 5 p TAL 2 ’ es - a ; i , x " : Ne 4 i i * , s 1 oy i : ’ j + 4 , 7 7a «0 4 j i ALAS a Thy 7 MM ie . a? a i l« : v ra i oe * Ee ' 7 . ( - ! i i ’ e 1 a 4 F : . j i 75 rh. 4 : t ‘ vel AY a > ‘ i ¥ i rg papas | 1s Th jess 1 : oa r ¥ 4 v A I 7 id Ser : p 2 ys he , : : ; ~ - 7 5 / < & ie at - a at . 4 i 7 ‘ Th ‘ ' © ok cs ' ‘ : ’ \ ‘ bir ‘ \ 4 ‘ - 4 - i i . 6 - fe | * a] «@ 3 4 ae PLATE XXVI. Fig. 1. Randallia granulata, nu, sp., adult male, Fig. la. Anterior view of the cervical region, showing the form of the front and orbits, : ; Fig. 1b. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the form of the exterior maxillipedes, Fig. le. Post-abdomen of the male, Fig. 1d. Post-abdomen of the female, . Fig. 2. Lithadia cariosa, Stimpson, var., male example, Fig. 2a. Inferior view of the cervical region, Fig. 3. Lhacantha mtermedia, n. sp., female example, Fig. 3a. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the exterior maxillipedes, the form of x x x x x Diam. 14 about 4 4 2 2 a about 7 about 24 4 Page: 317 319 302 The Voyage of HMS. “Challenger”’ Brachyura P1.XXVI Rob* Morgan delet lth West Newman &C ° imp. RANDAL LIA-LITHADIA -ILIACANTHA . va j sad ive A iW? co ‘f j cue ah} Ry a Wish ih! PLATE XXVIL 7. ie Lae ib ee tr Pie io" : i a Pare ; hg ry Bay" ry ws , eas iF aa be Ji als 8 Gaace te “ i te ey “an, on f * ; bie ae A ce fi f, reo % % The £ 1 a" al ig yy ‘ ‘ * . ; ; } : né > = = , ‘ 4 yy ‘ Lo ' 5 , ; 4 ; , am, * + a , ter ~ ; , a . a 1 5 - ¥ f 1 eat) : . EXP.—PART XLIX.—1886,)—Ccce. Or C. PPUATIE ny PLATE XXIX. Fig. L Ethusa (Hihusina) gracilipes, 1. Sp., ‘adult male, se ieee Fig. la. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the eyes, patie cau ; antenne, and exterior maxillipedes, Fig. 16. Post-abdomen of the male, Fig. le. Chelipede ; exterior view, Fig. 2. Ethusa (Ethusina) gracilipes, var. robusta, nov., adult female, sy Fig. 2a. Inferior view of the cervical region, showing the eyes, antennules, &e., E Fig. 2b. Post-abdomen, . BL Fig, 2c. Chelipede, j ; " i ions tans to. tote s . e * hae 1 In the text the reference to this species is incorrectly given as “ Pl. XXVIII. fig. 3.” The Voyage of HM.S. “Challenger” Brachyura Pl, XXIX Robt Morgan del. et lith. : West,Newman & C° imp. ETHUSA.,