5 34.68 /t: GUL 30 Bulletin No. 30 MOM LEIGHTOD April 18, 1922. COMPIONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS James P, Vloodward, Secretary BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY George H. Ashley, State Geologist COAL BEDS IN ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA BY Je De Sisler Introduction, The earliest record of bituminous coal mining in Pennsylvania iS 1760, when, according to-Captain Thomas Hutchins, 2 coal mine was — opened on Monongahela River, opposite Fort Pitt, now Pittsburgh, From that date production grew, and Allegheny County was the largest producer of bituminous coal in Pennsylvania for many years. At the present time, the largest factor in that production, the Pittsburgh coal, is rapidly approaching exhaustion in Allegheny County, However, the county has a-large reserve of "Thick Freeport" coal, and the Kittanning coals, which have hardly been touched, In 1918 Allegheny County stood fifth in Pennsylvania as a bituminous: coal producer, being excelled by Payette, Westmoreland, Washington, and Cambria counties. The county produced 17,375,035 tons of coal, valued at #42 890,485, and distributed as follows: 15,847 ,003 tons, valued at 439 382,625 loaded at the mines for ship- ment; 1,230,084 tons, valued at $2,921,199 sold to local trade and used“by employees; 296,970 tons used at the mines for steam and heat, valued at $584,994; 978 tons, valued at $1,467 made into coke at the mines, : There are about thirty coal beds in the county, most of which are only a few inches thick, The Pittsburgh and the "Thick Freeport” beds are-the most valuable at the present time. The Sewickley, Redstone, and Kittanning coals are locally workable, The others are thin and only locally valuable at present. | Allegheny County is in the southwestern part of the State. It is bounded on the north by Butler County, on the east and southeast : a ' ’ a4 ’ ary | ‘ " . " i? ; { tvi% sighs laseehbe trae wien AE a aE alent Pee ova * f M ; . ‘ “ 7 ON i 4 \ \ vai . ‘i PR ais } » Ry ety “ ve Si ee va * hy ‘ : AY ri ih Fat bene inde j : \ ; j \ i my « + r + 4 ‘ er at, . “ pas wt ‘ neil ( iyieys DOSER ON) ' ji - ; N ! . f ¥ 1. | bt . r i r } 4 Lee ee \ ‘ ‘ ) a ver i . ‘ TREES st : ‘ WAG, ie i fata ee \ ‘ iva A i A AONE , ' it wy US a Ay : j y / ‘ c i) rt ; ad " sah” : ' pri hy’ , a on Hight mg ably VALE vy 7 J ” 4‘ a ta F ny Te, rN iy s * ton BA yo. ¥ arbey Tar ins Katy os, yuan 1 A ' Renee ah tay aks oi : ha . ney V of Sie, e ’ } ala p ru ey a won z i ‘ , ; i ue reed sal ey ‘ ee ' yA ee he “TAR | f hy : ‘ eed, Y ‘ My Ba} i Ue Vibe!) Ges a APN 0 . t ; a aoe he . Ti A : ly 4 : ' ( t j My 7 | "4 y , i ’ F . ¢ ; = r nl Ep oI ie, hil ‘ é * i i iL ; ve asi i bt Ni . : ¥ { ) f ri Hy iy ony ery i% eRe Te Bot fe a, he Ue . neal ‘ het i ! \ . i Ai : ~ Me akg & . “sie ¢ R t . . Pi ‘ 4 t \ i . 4 7 4 ‘ i ‘ ¥ j J td h } { j ¥ ~ ‘ 4 ’ . J ’ , ‘ y ‘ : : i A : \ i ‘ i.¥ Wa i | f ' \ oT ' f J ‘ if ys i ! i ‘ i i ' y / 4 é ty 7 {. ‘ ¥ ive tee Wes Ff : inh D ‘ i é f cand ‘ ’ Wy es : r i 4 t Rrrce of ‘ & F ‘ ON { he : y / 7 7 A a ‘ 4 4 ae oe 1 ‘ - F : al has “ v thin. ‘ ies F ; Te Re CAR AY Ay” i i p ye Bea? 8 ( y i " ; { ‘ F , t : ‘ at a ; ' aide” ee ir 4 ; ah . f 7 1 Da , ‘ vu te hs (4 of : f f ef y ’ F eT a ala 4 pee ak petit é ; : rey Agr Poel yee ‘“ rey Ae | ft Phen Vp nae } y “ay 4 #4 { . ¢ by Westmoreland County, on the south and southwest by Washington County, and on the northwest by’Beaver County. Its greatest width from north to south is 33 miles, and from east to west 34,.5-miles,. Its area is 746 square miles. Its population in 1920 was 1,185,808, one~half of-which is in Pittsburgh, With the exception of Philadél- phia County, it is the most thickly populated county in the State, Allegheny County has most excellent transportation facilities, both by water’and rail. The Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio rivers are navigable, and railroads radiate from Pittsburgh in all directions, * Coal was first shipped from Pittsburgh in 1803, when the Louisiana was ballasted with coal that was sold at Philadelphia for 8373 cents per bushel. The great growth of the river coal trade began with the completion of the Monongahela Navigation Company's system of locks to Brownsville in 1844, Now the Monongahela and Ohio rivers are used extensively for transporting coal by barge to the trade centers eee the Ohio. This is the cheapest transportation method in the ate, The wonderful prosperity of Allegheny County as a manufacturing center is primarily due to its ideal geographic location, and to the acces quantity of high-grade coal easily accessible within a short istance, Allegheny County, being in a maturely dissected region, is hilly. The principal streams have eroded their valleys to a fairly uniform grade, and the smaller branches have cut the uplands into hundreds of narrow ridges, In areas where heavy sandstones predominate, the hill-~ Sides are steep and rugged, but wheré sandstone is the cap rock the tops of the hills are broad and flat, The rivers flow in broad flood ‘plains, and remnants of old valley floors form terraces above them. STRUCTURE. There are eleven structural features in Allegheny County, each having a northeast-southwest trend, and affecting the position and mining of the coals. They’are described in order from southesst to northwest, The Murrysville anticline enters Allegheny County at Lock No, 3 on Monongahela River, extends northeast, and leaves the county 2bout i mile south of Trafford Citys ‘It is 2 well defined fold, having rather steep dips on each flank, ond an axis rising rapidly north- eastward, This structure is the source of gas in the McKeesport field, The Duquesne syncline, lying northwest of the Murrysville anti- Cline ; enters the county midway between Peters Creek and Monongahela River, and extends northeast through Duquesne and Turtle Creek. It is 2 norrow basin having gentle slopes on both flanks, The axis rises gently northeastward, The Amity anticline, lying northwest of the Duquesne synecline, - 2B - J Men * yee. 1 ; r 0) ay Ln’ 4 Fi uy 1 yt -* ni erie ‘ 5 ' “ ’ as AL oA tet iawn MS : fas AS de Pa Wie) Vv . oe: , ts e 4 ieee ot win bo iit m4 rat q gars | ‘ } . at Ahi be Pant asin WIL) MMRDA dike He Dad abe RAT, ERD RR i f Ne b ‘ ~ ie oe a ae Aen oe ha bra 4 ERE ee, ER Oi whesks ‘nS + h Ee bak J 4 Ab ay ae . ' hy wr yi ’ ’ mys 2 ; Ore Ss iY Ye aE nt OF re tee ‘ 7 < © oat WEA an ate ahd iene, “ ; c eT ay’ j ; vf Ok PRORM, oo 7) , pe th) oes uae ' ‘ : P ata) P ; * e 4 ne er eh ty AS ty a ¢ & t i hom 4 if wt % . , | J * * 4 A . * =i iin pec? |e ety Be io ‘lie a @ ast y yorwd Ye RY x Pe GOP SRSE TA OME AL. . AE SL GP eae we aid t wae edie ‘ ’ nis ¥ tty Ay , ; BeieWesvesarnee Tae a ae) Mem an es Pe , rit Nee ¥ ’ \ t : ae a hn * ; nay A as “0s ; ¢ Yaa tha Awee 24 gu taht Aare ALS then Hoes es OO ‘ tr a ee ie as ee ee ~ , opal ae het * % i . eee rs ee eat Uy Sh st RATA RoE Rat ay : : ; ig ; tk ; : oy ¥ who g wh, rae ik am % Pon eu é , +} t ai Poe er tie ~ a PLEA Mite arte Paee Hat ais: sie aan it d iA i ; 4 HA i Mig ay ‘Re bbs t edi my a i My Y ehiek & arte hes: , ; , Ween \ oh bs i aA vy as Ait oY a th a whe Ste ee PFU PER, as 1 igh ONE ONES EG AES EM A Gen & thud & : wy Ft ie ee 3] se ae i yee en ee ra Cisne ’ Le Chath Oe Fite be ve Oa {} Vi Lay - mh Le a Et dy dD a vA i F “ ‘ et - wr. — MeD Me i UY bag he F ‘ % , ~ oe wero re ‘ ok hae te iy MRM. UR Tare ee. a hp eg mek oF i 4 ? Va ; ” ' eae alt ey aie ayo } gem x ipcdt ris Wi 2, dedupareiand. Pepeiaty sg Bh) Maine © wh i wt > ( .* mp iva & if , i ; Y 7 ©. - ty ho! ee fa ‘ : > ¢ r eb fn Ls eh AA Te) eb . ‘ ies 4 A ‘ } ‘ N ie had s j in + a - ) od § a i 4 J aa 4 ; , L - i @y i ; ae aaa, A idee , Py, ig Pi é ¢ ; i> 18 et, ; Te | ‘ ; ! 7 4 oi | P , PT hy non 5 S34 ‘ y) x yi ' * ; 5 “ 4 ‘ ere 1 » \ r ' 4 ° : ; ‘ ty fou \ 4 wi : i sel t r \ 4 \ ¢ y ¢ iy r ; mh a 4 att * A To. : f j yeah } i { © , ‘ y g ren? , rae ’ hase if ‘ yes . - ; : Panites WADERS WC he | J ‘ te y am 1 ‘ iy , 4 An) ; i ‘ { Very vit ' me aw 78 imi wv é yd | a 1 Ae ty ' | } p 4 ) : id van pails A ‘ iS Smee 2) a eee he oe a NCR TATE NT eae WEG (0 gor VN ME See dan Ca TNR SARE ans tS de I a te , 2) fr f AE | Y 4 bees VT REN . ) Ony : sane es 5 - a) a eh Phe Yaw? : i et ; alg ° ale . 4 ? Py ee ' t P . i? ' - . ; nee - pier d ‘ Af ; Seas tN, ay ‘i i Ma, MR ear edt : ] . le i ,* ( ‘ een: f \ ? 0 en a : ao. hy ‘ hi : mI , , i ‘ ~ , a . enters the county 1,5 miles east of Library, and extends northeast to Braddock and Verona. It is 2 well developed fold with rather high dips on its flanks in the southern part of the county, but flattens out near Monongahela River. The MeMurry syncline is the next structure to the northwest. It enters Allegheny-County one mile west of Library, extends north- east near Broughton, and flattens out near Homestead. It is a pro- nounced fold in the southern part of the county, and has steep dips on its southeast flank; the dips on its west flank are gentle. The axis rises gradually northeastward. The Nineveh syncline ond Chartiers Creek cross the county line at the same point, near Boyce; The axis runs north to Rosedale, ¢ turns east at the County Home, north through Woodville and Heidelberg. and passes between Duquesne Heights and West End, thence down the Ohio to Bellevue, where as a very minor fold it again turns north- east. Its axis pursues an irregular course, has several depressions, and rises gently to the northeast. The dips are gentle and regular on both flanks, The Wildwood anticline lies entirely in Allegheny County. Its northern end has not been mapped but the axis passes the mouth of North Fork of Pine Creek with a southwest course’and plunge. One mile south of Nedsky it turns south for one mile, then almost due west. A minor spur shoots off to the southeast along Girty Run. The main axis forks in the northwest corner of Ross township. One fork of the anticline turns south and crosses Ohio River at Avolon. The other with a level crest runs west and south along Toms Run end crosses the river at Glenfield where the axis plunges very rapidly to the South, and becomes more and more obscure, The Mount Nebo synecline, lying northwest of thé Wildwood anti- Cline, enters the county from the south at McDonald. It extends in an irregularly northeast course to Coraopolis, crosses Ohio River a the west end of Neville Island, runs northeast to Nedsky, where it turns and runs approximately due north, and leaves the county two miles northeast of Brush Creek. The axis ofthe trough rises about 80 feet in the first-mile north of the river, passes through the Mount Nebo oil field, pitches slightly to the bottom of a shallow basin 1.5 miles southeast of Ingomar, and from this point rises gradually to the north. The. Brush Creek anticline is the most prominent'fold in the northwestern part of the county. Its southern tip is at Coraopolis, from which point it extends in an irregular northesst direction near Bayne and Brush Creek, leaving the county one mile-west of Mt. Pleasant Church. The axis rises rapidly northeast, and the dips on both flanks are steep. The Sewickley synecline lies west of the Brush Creek anticline and branches off from the Mount Nebo syncline at Coraopolis. It passes through Sewickley, and thence north to Sewickley Creek just west of-Hopkins Church, It is a prominent and clearly defined feature, with the axis rising rapidly northward, Be ee ‘ J vr 4 ¢ we t * 4 J F ar eve f » us s * i W ‘ 2 4 sf , @ ‘ 4 ‘ ‘< 5 4 \ Z ‘ ; a} dry ere ‘ I 1 f ‘ j 1 ‘ Poy | i sr MM Ree G rans ag cist tam he SCANT RS aM send Comat Lid Peak As) Canes OH MME 2c hey: ‘ ™~ Pag aod rs i 2 ~ a on 7S = ‘ F ai —— ; . wee ing ry om oti’ ae oe Uesatear tas raha tt ¢ arto MORN MR tote) Ph hax Pings s aes bias og he 4% Oa Ta SBME Bia CE SNA eR a, Ne 1 . “ah y ee : Pa A » } : ‘s, 3 bi Os al Dy ae, aH f mar i PR Est) sue iat 6, i: aon sie bk an on Pht ae ay Coa ty" ; ey sit RY §) . Bo perro eee y ee me ecko ta wis MG Rese icy Balan ag sk Hie i) at eprh a re i a Ve Barnes . re ae : eee BF eT a) ee A th Op Ha We eee es, ul > di hae ae ot Na. 5. ae wi, * } j en ede aa ot Ps RR en BOGE ewe | f Leh ore MOR, eal ‘eianey yh koa” | CNRS pee Shei! eh Sai ee RS eee ge 10 | FOR AP a or bin PROP ‘ok Oe yghge ’ TR, rr % RONG FLOR | AS ve abd are apie rte Samay 8 AIIM aaa WL, whe oh woe * i Gre oy ee Wf ne 5 en tase . UA ISG 1 ONS ee Te | naar sanares SGA plat oe Bi i: la y ¥ ” " \ A sR Pe Re. Pes. arse MV y | 4 “ v1 "> y ere f a wa 3 “ ‘ i Cn eat, ao . 4 ¢ 4 a Py hip ‘G; Migs Vat ot vy a : ‘ ‘ ry eke A Oe ee Ay ¥ A A Nighoks Fi inty eo AL 1 ; - + mi 2 i" , ¢ a en, 4 oe beet ales ‘i # ’ : P F hea in? ry ty f : me ie a i Thee t ‘ Oe ae nay “ i i Say emery a ¢ nh dis lg a ; t 1 bey Rear Ue a Aenea ae ee A ¢ x ae , ‘ s ¥ ; = pay y i jit? ah oC 91 le WD 0b: Pei rw Mar pe aE vel bit yf I . Sh HY 1 j Th hae Me ka be RO RS SS ED re SOE Me ah ines ‘ete My wah DERG ae’ id genie meh to i hig " " ; a hed pub qj ‘ : iA » Seer 4 as hy aa Ne ey “hat i , in Pi “¢ hows el lh ht \ is py vy (i) i ¥° xy fi fi i mm, 4 Pete. ab Bit +P) von Hee as isan vs") CD OOS SS a oo manele: | hi és % ty CECE ame ROS AAT Te MR MED eda gO ese d . : RAPP he HDL ba 4 ak i als Mi dna A tA an ae Bah n) Reta AP Kee Rifts scion Dit eh i ta ws ava i eis , my Fam all nt hg eae Sai abil tyes Monta ta) eae 3 Phy RRA NM See Se Ol he | ' DAs 1 Py ty Bi igs pie! 5 Ba oe a ‘oaieah ae j 5 hd mt i : way bath al “4 Cn | i By i ae me ni th ae Oh ae a Sic ie ; $ i is od, nee) ay ‘we i DS iy Ge Bye. ~: i eere Lt “ f : Ci MEY Tee en “Goan ¢ Wess Pahoa af wave we Rril } be ‘ a yh i a de ‘i mids on ei ia hy" ty ‘lite py Py es tad : ae oe: x mee hes wt te ge ‘ oH haa ei Pian R tice da BE We wee Wf at fos as Whee cies ee | y " A : ' | ay ie bau dary i a a id bea ey TMG Ne wey " hi 4 fi ‘ Daeeae % HF avi ‘pS ie? 7 i i) Win A i } ‘ ‘ 14 at ca 4 y Lat Let d \ ae ie fi 1A ; ‘ ,; The Crows Run anticline lies west of the Sewickley syncline. Its southern end is about three miles south of Glenwillard, The axis crosses Ohio River at Deadman Island near Leetsdale, and thence runs slightly east of north for severnl mites. The dips on both flanks are gentle, The West Middletowm syncline lies near the western boundary of: the county, It enters the county from the south near Murdocksville, and leaves it on the north just east of Ambridge, crossing the Ohio at Shousetown, It is a well defined trough in Washington County, but in Allegheny County is ill-defined. 3 The Panhandle trench ig 2 peculiar-"swamp" or small structural depression between Beadling and Hickman, in the southwestern part of the countye STRATIGRAPHY. ‘ The outcropping hard rocks of Allegheny County ore the wWashing- ton, Monongehelo, Conemaugh, and Allegheny formations of Carbonifer- OUS BEC, : Drill holes have reached below the Catskill formation of Devonian age, but no workable coal beds were recorded below the Allegheny formation. The recent river deposits are unconsolidated silts, cays nnd gravels deposited on flood plains, Glacial deposits on the old river terraces in the northern part’ of the county ore compossa of poorly stratified beds of gravel, sand, and clay from 26 to 50 feet thick. Most of the pebbles are quartz, granite, and sandstone, The Carmichcels formation consisting of | clay, sand, and conrse bonlders, is found on terraces along the Ohio and its tributary streams, ; The Washington formation is present only in a few isolated creas in the southern part of the county. It is camposed of soft shaly sandstones, shales, a few thin limestones, and two thin coal beds. . . The Monongahela formation is present only in the southern part of the county. It is composed of sandstones, limestones, Shales, and threé workable coal beds, one being the Pittsburgh. The forma- tion has an average thickness of 330 feet. | The Conemaugh formation has the most extensive outcrop in the county, It averages 625 feet thick, and is-composed of grey, red and greenish shales, sandstones, limestones, and a number of coal beds, some of which sre workable. The Allegheny formation has a limited outerop on Allegheny River, north of Pittsburgh, It is composed of massive sandstones, Shales, thin limestones, and valuable beds of coal and clay. Its average thickness is 290 feet, ; oy ie = e ‘ i > >? eo. 4h) > Wy ’ ah eet f i te } \ \ y on 1 ot : »T ’ ° 4 é4 ‘ ‘ Te ome i 4 ’ ’ { - “ ‘ 1 b 4 : \ 7 ” , af . , ¢ | r * » a a =) Px - aie japan: Pe Pagbo bah i" Rive ite eae ‘ Sie rrodeee nek yoo sant ner aan swat § vinnie Sod neni onwbkypian So be PRRe iter ete) 6 PEO > iM s . . ; ies th ; ‘ * 4 ty ee fae i bis a Wea Ly de o't bi “0 Sad meh ae . a \ eb Ae: ’ a ering oP, i ity’ vb “~~ F ‘) { ee eee os ene Pat eM tes 4 ry ; f ; yi , at hah we ps 1. We 4 bs a MG Be ieee ee sve ; . { ae aa aa F t f : . mM AS . Bs fa Sa Re Lseet : Ab “y 3 v ub x Jou x oh ry Ge, gt eS, ¥ tony ye sept ¥ REIT Ce Ae Te i. q 4 “iv a Ath j : A | FA 1 mo rap P hey bf ef hy 4 os re hua og rr y j P t : ‘ wy ey ih rye ‘4 nt bl x . See ag 7 perry re ped: ‘ = .~ pay, NAM - " : ties A ‘ ‘ 5 a 2 : bs Ay " fr Py - needy TF boas eC eT & x it CRT be yo. hat i. o ee =} a " s? “es, q 7 en tm it ye » Wy nly 'f us at ma ry Oa : sg ‘ AeA Sioa Py Ayn } , iy in * oy itd Fi o yar) 4. th 0 Brg! ss t . (per wie eas nan ye en fi ; "a ern ae ey a rey th he ine rs i 1 ee LS a eS Albade oe DOO Pe Ae bes i CNR ae 4 » eek oe wae) fe ae a Ch ae of be ae A vi Vata wT rae eS. Seca bt Yea, wee i ai) %, .. 7 ae peer wi] at clogs Pees secs ages “OIG: we GTR: xo ap ee em 4 as" ‘ vriee witad af. | ; i he hae _ > : ad rare? eae dete: Sanh Sheen ae te eeoe é ’ A 7 Ss OREO A CPA: een wt 4 + Pe Teme Terre err re a 3) 4 tue Ye ‘ Bite 8 a | ; Pen iy She yy oe ae hi a, De aeaw . ( ” —~ eer Bona iain ae aa a A é oe Z Mie Chk SATA ees et aE ak ar? Bee Naeger 3 ¥ zi Ms = Yrryer p 19, SVEN: py i 4 y way ny &. abun ee ; hs ee eee F ” An,’ ? file um nt @ * i , + ye dt mS Wwe Nal ' j , x 4 A ¢ rf eh we . ‘ Mu ayn ; : ¢) ivwe? “? rey es pas Palit, / b ¢ ath - mt ‘ i a a? aS {ne ort } _ , ; P ‘ LJ \ 4 . Hye of. Ruthin ool game Ee te ' im Leth, ae PLY oA el, re f A 3 | at ns Tu Py 1 oe aa eee AEs eee a Soi, berber: e 1 ts Fk mel f ry ie ws aa ’ : i ¥ : wh “4 “ae pa it yk oulig “aoe rt he ee ; Sy 5 « dete V th a NN Se Re Tle dad ‘ve e* a ie ‘ oy inh we RO? a ; , ‘non! » . i io \ ; o 48 , ‘ F > iy . en: ) F ' A es th " ave ® wh Sere et. | j Y! zor oon se) aed: Wer. aera: \ : 4 ee » 5 > ie etd ca - mS) ¢ 4 * s ae Y i 7 re Bs A me v7 o Shh? ab Ag A WA a. US hil HP ee CG ih ; \p ee ee ee ee bei ink : * : s », , 4 nl ¥ =m '? f- ) hv re 0 ren ie oo Ga oN * ~~ , d ft « Se? VHS £0 ani aeiniel ne? snort. Bite > Hipeivodnes: Ot hs wae ged YOaEAse., ney AVA: i e fas pity: oy Rito ag tra ee thee S Seee ha iar: _ tole ai Auspate | sea uegids Mf ae 4, ‘ fie’ ; wy ‘ ’ | , } wird i : ee Key re e FERS. wt ee i. , Ay ae Fey a ry #2 * 7 reo wee % if bev “ ry COAL BEDS. The following table shows the stratigraphic relation of the coal beds and their range in thickness. Coal Beds in Allegheny County Range in Average “thickness - Name of bed interval of coal beds (Waynesburg -----+-+-+-+-+--+--+--- O =~ 30" ( 90 (Uniontown - -—- «-j--=|=-=2 s+ e225 = = O = 1% Oo" 130 (Sewickley ---+-----+-+<<#-e82+-+e--s5 QO = 3tr6" Monongahela { 40 330 (Redstone -<« -—~+- 2-8 2« e235 -=-s 22 = = = 6 = 5Y On 70 (Pittsburgh (Lower Div.) -----+-7--- Btgn —= gt on ( 100 eae Clarksburg - - ~- = - : ----- QO = gO" 8 (Wellersbure - ---+---+-+-+e+-+-+--+-- O- 20" ( 80 (Duquesne - - - - ~<--~ - «= hae Teas a aotan 2a O = 3f0" ( 28 rE HET PO I) moo foe ew ie he lies in ys ee we a QO « oro 625 ( 90 Sees) ee gg We Ces mnd lk peegs 2 i Masa gi melee eee Sona gg O ~ B19" ( | 120 (Brush Creek (Gallitzin) -- ----+--- O = 2'6" ( 50 | (Mahoning ----+-+-+-+-+-+-+-++-e-e8-- QO = Bro" ( 72 pee Freeport ----------+-7--- pi — 1010" 45 (Lower Freeport - -------------8. O = 210" ( 50 Ele Kittanning - ----- = ea Cue a 6" = Qt 4 Allegheny (Middle Kittanning ~ ----------- QO = 20" 290 ( B35 Poh Kittanning - ---+---+---+----- O- 26" 80 (Clarion - = =- ~.«-<--5-++<5 ++ s+ =-<. O = 2'0" ( 35 (Brookville -----+-- Pilea Nes Lio tm | et ew a QO - 2'0ON ) a ¥ ae ‘ ’ hy : t ~~ ee " ™ ’ 3 my y & bs Nw Te ‘ ve J a \ . " j to 5 ‘e ni ©" ve vee 7 L ; ree rps > ~~ , ‘ 7" bins 7 3 “ ’ ' { ‘ , Seen wae ' ”- »%' ‘ ‘ _ oon ) 4 ‘ ’ ‘ "i } Al —_ ve rie", ~ * ro “~ a ‘ o f ~ - _ ~ ‘ res \ -“ - - ' o mip ¢ we “we ‘' Ww i oy ' — ery a (at f ty pon “ sve ¢ , i ou ne} - wip ery ‘ “- ~ ~ 4 : Pe ve an -— aw “ AA ~ > We ’ r 1 } “—* On ( f » A aerntvinpins natn ig las chsh Voarabebinenigh tibia sdaae an + ects roy * hea ox ¢) coh aa Sy) Ma eh ng i) \ , a hat ei Bigs bits ‘the 6g OG ' \ . Bs a eeu aT) eh io - Vu if, By Me rth mabe an igiae ~ Vic) Ma f cs or , i \ a el at’ waa 2 ’ . : ae, Die cet A. os P k Serta e onthe how ee pe: yt ars ‘3 ie ‘ 4 i “i ee «~ us mi oo ” yadteowrairt: 4 ae cay ; : ‘iat! ; wil aa iy ‘ mt ' es A , ‘ on a PRR E Meh ik ih, ! “entered nibs ; Bs ” mie Pa ae ; we ™ ancdin belt a ee ae vit: ing sone} axxo: aah ane ; eae ah om “aa ce OS a dosite at, ote: see a geo M2 ict me aii ‘okie tae Se . “y So bh os why he i 4 4 © re " f us ry bid ¥ - - ran t SY ~ i *y j t i ' 4 } Ps LOR » ry ry, * fs “ hw , , , doe) \ ' f OG fat ; o. z re ‘ * “i ) } ¥ Ane - VB re il ¢ ‘ / “y qo” P oa “y cn oT ‘A "8 Peo 4 a rig a ‘ yew Yoorrkowiet ois noha ‘we nim on } Srey hy Py bigots wad Org pee eid MT a Bh OY ton. ein fy aden NUS RES D monkey. aerate phe avad Son eaoh gees tL ae e RO oH Sy EDL. BLeno: »s rayon Ne yh tte ped LIfe sro ks eared’ tie Lincssdevre Jedt LRVOoT oe. PR we AE rhentad PaaS tole a Ble ihe y Beh Panera pees asa a ote od root arcoo ya % SSOCURE MT Lat wile tue be ome 7 OLy crt: Tetetrog me Vt ess elado ego 7 gem to Due re ab kpaa ity § Bes eau ume if ane One ee tb WY J a Ae. arty beh, nee ais he | LSor AT: A hod Lead! ho “Oe seieg. sae Besos ; aa Leet ‘ Taber Pet eben Jasleah 3 ; Clee NO" EO. SONGS. * MUG Marte ee TeV TH Wo ataaR geet: otha Oe ase omeeter ; by ber rut . Hoagetavan Ie hod se PenRtied daom lait Ss. a otond. 3 dee S Bete yffeost ig POR oi Ih Bheoo . attra rey roray ara ae iMeegp anf--: whee wolgsox't oy ae to" Stovoert sore GONe ae art ae ett oN) Tue Homeroarh uindod sneak eat 2 Se Oe AS . DCI oF slut tao baoboow Sal hed of | brid’ |, Gey rego TOR MeO Ons oer hGe a Be atom ott pebw oxen BaReioune ERR OLTI ON ad A, ROOT OES dBm Pale ent merely | Pitinee Ley tea moti ft nt bow pweeeR weroneolis cd rook OL oF 2 tg ss LAOS ONT: sie. Gnhe no phe > ih! a To aS Ts ae ¥ Wutaine teres ar: oxoils 38 otto be + 5 if ::. F pj 2 f ° Ox. sy boeray vets ant ry ont bist a gt ir ont dank of chede nag One OF, ryoashe Daria toa ab domed xecertt ont la atogk AL bbaoes Co it hod. to BY a btid) owh ates ett a Por pe ORE OS Pia oe a Bele One ee eee. ates’) ONG KOE ie da heres at % Ton LG ri Hones athe mak he ¢ oo TRE FOR athe, th eatin debs Pt itath: imcO. yo tine lA mk Laeo tkoe sont Mak AT TO Ooms C tattoo’ ate Obit mys Dnt raat to | alent conan it 987 Pesowe ‘s ¢ ‘so oKt taow to Ile ~aideare ED ate ed ot a (% ‘rt ‘iS anes sirea Lid te | ty ot Breet pep kttiiny ohabpiiia ge | 3 a Rois tor Bi re aide Od Mot te bites Mitek: i ves fi mere tard a The bed is mined extensively at the following points in the area; Creighton, Frazer township, drift; Glassmere,-Frazer township, Slope, 50 feet; Russeltcon, West Deer township, shaft, 226 feet; north of Russelton, shaft, 210 feet; 14 miles south of Culmerville, shaft, 110 feet; 1 mile west of Culmerville, shaft,’110 feet; Bairdstown, - Shaft, 210 feet; Indianola, Indiana-towmship, shaft, 197 feet; Harwick, Springdale township, snaft, 220 feet. On the east side of Allegheny River in Allegheny County the "Thick Freeport" is mined at Renton, Plum township, shaft, 520 feet; ‘Unity, Penn township, shaft, 298 feet; Barking, Pium township, shaft, 120 feet; Logan's Ferry, Shaft, 168 feet. | The "Phick Freeport" is a friable coal, composed of alternating bright lustrous and dull resinous bands, The lower part of the bed is "blocky", the middle part is the "stick" variety, and locally the top of the bed is canneloid coal. The coal breals cut in fair sized lumps. It averages about 33-per cent volatile matter, 56 per cent fixed carbon, 8 per cent ash, and 1.5 per cent sulphur. Conemaugh Coals. The Conemaugh formation contains seven or more coal beds of irregular occurrence called-in ascending order, Mahoning, Brush Creek (Gallitzin), Bakerstown, Harlem, Ducvesne, Wellersburg, and Little Clarksburge Mahoning Coal, This bed avérages about 8 inches, and has a local maximum thiciness of 2 feet. It has never been mined. Brush Creek Coal, This bed is persistent, but thin in Alle- gheny County, It averages about 1 foot thick where preseit, and has a maximum thickness of 2 feet 6 inches, It has been mined in the | northern part of the county for house coal, Bakerstovwn Coal, The Bakerstown coal received its name from Bakerstovm, nichiand township, where the coal is 2 feet 8 inches thick, including two thin shale partings. It has been mined for house coal in this vicinity. The bed is very lenticular, but will average 18 inches thick in the northern part of the county; in the Southern part of the county it is very thin or entirely lacking, Harlem Coal, This bed is unimportant in the county, having a maximum thickness of 2 feet 9 inches, and an average thiclness of 20 inches. It has not been mined. Duquesne Coal. This bed is generally thin, but very persistent in Allegheny County. It probably is thickest at Murdocksville, where it is over 3 feet. It is an excellent blacksmithing coal and has been mined, The bed has been opened east of Perrysville, where the coal is reported to he 6 feet thick, 3 feet 4 inches of which is goor clean coal, It has also been opened at many places in Franklin and Mershall townships, where it ranges from 1 to 5 feet thick, Little Clarksburg Coal. This thin but persistent bed averages less than 12 incnes but has a maximum thiclmess of 2 feet 6 inches i the extreme southwest corner of the county. It is 2 feet thick at Bayne. ‘ Pay ‘ ‘ : 2 , 4 P. y us we ) ‘ i h Tie * ; t 2) bY Worn rey ‘ vb ih tea ALD ton i ° ‘ te OG oy q He ~ Ny ; } os WAR ea: é as SN i ae oe by myn pe wa” oh 9) * wy i A ys ee i Y : fm ay NE He NA ay be ta _“ ae + ’ 4 : " \ . i, ! ee a ee Bet y 4 Li i ' s! » £8 < - 23 © hi Wy t " ' wo ey st *; ' kd : al < oe ~~ ; . - me a ’ r HK bok) * j oh £6 oN ee Ly pre ee a PE ’ Wha) See Fe ‘ ue i ene q beak ee 4 Va) ' SSAA dynes i OL: * “ ee) Sy! in ' S ee a tp nnd . ah mi Pas Pai ag y af A ‘ {et H Nivea ee is ms i ; ; . : Ye Shah : a OL ft j ‘ a, Te |? eae pe \ ra f ree | rate ce pe ‘i bel bi 1 . f ae j : A : >) i \ ; ee. - Tt. re vo we") 1 \ \ fy By Wi sae a 4 ay TEEN. es +, : . ‘ aa ONY) ax ax ay, eta My ba uD 1 ee 5 sai eat h, Rin ) \ 5 . a h i a ae 4 ‘ : port < pt ea kal Chit \ 1a “h y fa x” " 1c\ Ae Ugg RR toes ene Je Be we wf ee , ba * - pT oe , j we : wd 7 4 Me “3 a Bi yy \ ii ' rs é Val ‘e LO eG my ’ Dh, ‘ ; 2) ' h \, i a ae ee i} Wir) ‘ ah 6 , i eh bug Ve , ‘ { cath i 2 ‘ : hf ad ne icy RE } kes ASS Behar ares om, Ana 1 . ‘ : al a oNb ih a «06s By toigy ls ry We a eae yet es Hubb his tee eh Hi eye mite ORR t Net Avie Nat ae 1, oy Weel de on, iP ee ' b sey . ' ee , 5 rT t ayy dana + enw > ae) Hy Te rea hy ’ . Coke ah be TRO) cae ie \ , Sng ¥ ad ' ey Ae ght ts “4 eal : uid hi rg , a! Pa, » if a) i yi p 7 9% i = - : , ‘ ee we, an ee | 4” re’ " si, 8 « ’ F bee ’ isan “ Misti caare OO A CUTIE LS Mati. Sie SRC Pe 2 Ra SNe 0S 8 eae M's oe i , : o , i ‘ ; LAY nies ; ‘ i ee ed iy Tah ( nt ama % , YA : my CEN » te * rn > 3 DG Pa Dish CT ee EL A a < a ti: j ; ‘ ‘x eihge prt ; onieuk W.)' i" Cae 4 “iby (eh ae NB ait 7 th ; ; 7 : , ‘ Ais bible. Sm Nate Ta hag. wv dining! 4 ed " i . ; ’ ; * n pry 7 , 4 is I ang +) Be +: \ He wes j oe ane: rk ated f ' > ' a ua vat ad Ly ' - 1 : oF ( 7 e ' 5 : a) oe Mae ‘ Tine hy b 3 ‘ ay de} he + ‘ f ‘ a ee apy dy 7 q f { 1a Ny yee 4 r q hy ‘ LV 7% 4 wf A F, ft ame wa 4 rt ' i. Ca | > Pees } f . \ 4 Wh : P ion ee, ae \ 64 , ie ea mht) A ‘ oe a ‘ j r ‘ bate ex ex ei © Dk nid yo % eo 4 4 4 oe 7 end i j rere i; Men ne ee 2 } svi f tag RANG eae, woe ‘ i a ; ul 5 oh iat » $ f 4 4 ‘ i ¥ r 4 ‘ . ‘ j ; iy 4 4 ) oe j oF 17h i ‘ Ruch: ; i Aa : f " ny are on ht « ‘ Lf) Ay ¢ W ih wit \ Bake Te | : é CIM ie dda BR ‘ Z y Md . © ‘ a eRe Vay be S , | wet 4 ee a Ol , " , '. ¥ ‘e © de iy % ’ ey, ‘ fy * i wg ' We eae | . owe gays Cri ayy Je t .* ree | } . ‘ Li : vw \ iT a we Ar re dinwtn hat at a8 ie aibed 1 7 y a oh slg v r © ‘o* pr egtd “ ay ae | # ri gO ; by + Lies aiid: t ‘ TAA 7 eG “ J ’ ‘i ‘ 2 J y \ rey i 4 ’ ay i } 4 fea i] 4 Pittsburgh Coal, ~The Pittsburgh coal is the most important bed in-Allegheny County, its type locality. Generally the-bed is double, consisting of a roof division and a lower division, separated by a clay parting 1 inch to 3 feet thick and containing thin bands of coal. The roof division ranges from 2 inches to 8 feet thick, increasing in thickness northward. Occasionally it is a single bench, but commonly it contains two or more benches of coal, Separated by clay. The coal of the upper division invariably is poor, because of the large percentage of ash. The lower division of the Pittsburgh bed is’33 to 9 feet thick, and has three persistent shale and bone partings; which divide it into four distinct benches, the "upper or breast," the "bearing-in,” the "brick," and the "lower bottom” coal. ‘The “upper" bench averages about 4 feet of good clean "stick" coal. Locally it has a thin bone parting. The “bearing=in" bench, 2 to 4 inches thick, is separated from the other benches by thin bone partings. The coal is soft, and falls to slack when mined, . The "brick" bench, ranging from a few inches to three feet thick, is characterized by cleavage planes which break the coal into brick- Shaped blocks. The coal is excellent. The “lower bottom" bench is thin and dirty. Locally it is worthless, and is left in the mine for bottom. The Pittsburgh coal contains 57 to 65 per cent fixed carbon, 50 to 35 per cent volatile matter, 4 to 14 ver cent ash, and the sulphur is usually under 1 per cent, Only about 250 acres of Pittsburgh coal remain in Allegheny County between Ohio and Allegheny rivers. In that district the roof division has a maximum thickness of 6 fect, including partings; the main clay averages 8 inches; the lower division averages 5 feet, and iS Separated into three benches by very thin partings. AN enormous quantity of excellent steam and gas coal has been taken from the Pittsburgh bed between Youghiogheny and Allegheny rivers, In that district the roof division ranges from a few inches to 4 feet thick; the main clay is 12 inches thick. The lower division has an average thickness of 5 feet 6 inches, and is divided into three benches, Between Monongahcla and Youghiogheny rivers the roof division averages about 3 feet and is much parted. The main clay is 11 inches thick; the lower division averages 6 feet thick, and is divided into three benches. ' In the are& south of Ohio River ant west of Monongahela river the roof division is about 3 feet thick, where present, and has many clay partings. However, it has good quality locally, and is mined = 8 « i Py vr P ‘ ; » ' ~* ‘ % w \" i j ‘ y ‘ } “ \ ack wi i ‘ bites p ~ é ? 4 io ‘ ‘ a4 ¢ ay hr / ‘ ve cs ' , ' A ihr gd ; if < yt crue! Fe es abhee on , Pyare hey teres i h es : \ ; rai ee, awit fi 5 i A d ib A “. i oe OD AL a fe th ve } Hf) i eu we eee nae my +o Pe hae Mats £AN eb as f Bb oa Vos Bs oe Be REO ge OF ar ~ ny Pe oheIN ake hy we Ry ae wa ¥ Me sy Une hy Bye as, 4 . 4 "se dhale rt dees ie hh Tyee oie ; ama he OS at a0 wy Levee wae SNS 1 ae Aw , : 1 a ye ee Ore Tet SD ee | a + river vie de Ba, “> anh 4% ) Sean yaa Wy } a! so yt) . a Pa A Yt is 4 gan i ‘ ? 1 "y r ' > Ty ag ‘ q ¥ié te > z : * a \ : J : ™ see Me Oa a Terr vith te | xen we? eee 1 be Y's * nt a's « ‘ eau oe ypu 4S Pi aoe ee bss * wiry ie ae Te ie th rahe AT vA " | AL anak rig i ait ed 7 eat ie a 4 ee op ¥3 rik + ee bb, BRI aR ah wr. Weg: qe ey sg t il dit an i" a mh, et “i a 4 fe yay ‘ it it ‘a . ‘a ame Vel ney ‘a rs ao i i Ne Ns at bot my q ¢ j ' ' i} Lio at . beiye we: | ak PTT pe ' (arti Ro die adh Mt ld 8D ene TS TT, atahs Pale . We . ee ee vita » “WY ms fale: “ao YER Ree Wr eee PM lipo ioe He Ut Coe } } f ‘ ea | h . 7 ' y ; , ‘ » he,” seas ni j f f f vt a ; ‘ : rea 3 t a4 ae i w'gire 5 1 Tex i , J Abe / 5 eee! wt f ye ud WW r w 1 oe Y ca ? ‘aa ayy &, f ol ‘ ‘ ti 3 ki =) ty, Thy ya | . q } » ‘ wy ; , Aint / anne ny eer aR SN OU ih a ' ; i es: | head coca. ak hae aa ‘ om rr hago A ? hs " ee St rig’ y “e ; es } } 7 t r f t i te of one et | F . 3 rs ‘ : a ; ev } ‘ 4 ' ) t wetthin a al va 4 Re hy at wt ape " of ia hie hehe aan Oman ay RAS i we nin : bp Hey ak ‘ Ma j el eee ieee b i we % * “~ ‘ ‘ Yet Ay \ 4 aan ale ae ‘ ae 1 \ ke ee! ‘ Re ; ; As ied a , 7 CW vg Ps “da Cs te OR, Maho + gine ik anh a NE Ry CRE al low as 6 er Cm iy d Cx Soe SAD ) b re ie ‘ Ry See Ry eRe i lis (won Fy ft ee Lyon iu prt se a fag gh Oe Aiist: ya ef Meee : { " is De eae | : vs gn - ee ¥ i ¥) “ Rey et i) p ry + ys ee i’ if a ese rt Ke ode: Bat . . ‘ j it Ce a) Ls ' G5 ' be r Ceeat hs i 4 Bos bit - wibes Lie Dah { ate a oy aa ~ f pe P ¢ Nec Pee se ener ae pat re htt a ner rele ; Pods y GOR 9 Be ee Ya ta Pee aay Bi ae i ‘ j : j W { rd a ger i OA wet » Ane M4 / ; } « ’ d J i dy bre Vi Nid Ray ees, f ee wd ney 4 ivan Meer y ® a rier SE ’ a silat Wee at Ae aU bd bet) HV ae Uae BO ena | 4 ae UE aS a sit sh Penne” p ti, i i Ls ek 7 ila at ; \ od | a } Ta . ie , ml RT | ee phe 2 aro " on) eg ay pe Ba oe oe: iC Ma in iy Yana! le te de tl RSE 8 Fee 79 ad old a ” Te “a é rae i bie he : i ie e a! ey ile ¥ Vf] hd ot ue 4 9 . ‘ Lae bi Ms 5 Dike he | ee itarey iy " e iA mm il (Oe au ‘ at f t a yaa wey, j Ay, \ 4) \, - ee § Net io 2 th, oe 0 Te GRE RY ad at att i) fee Ol aa ON eda Vd > WS and shipped. It has also been opened separately in several locali-. ties. The main clay averages 2 feet thick. The lower division is always over 5 feet thick and is divided by thin partings of clay or Shale into four or five benches, In the deepest part of the Pan- handle trench between Beadling and Hickman, the Pittsburgh bed was over 10 feet thick but thinned rapidly to both sides, Redstone Coal, This bed, lying 60 to 70 feet above the Pittsburgh coal, is thickest in the Southeastern part of the county, and is mined at several localities in Elizabeth, Jefferson, Lincoln and Portvue townships. The bed is extrenely irregular, ranging from a few inches to 5 feet thick, The coal is clean, but rather high in ash and sulphur, Sewickley Coal. This coal, lying about 110 feet above the Pittsburgh coal, is 3 feet 6 inches thick at South Pittsburgh, where it is mined, [t averages less than 6 inches thick in the county. The Uniontowm, Waynesburg, i/Jaynesburg "A" and "BY" eocale, and the little Washington coals are either too thin or too dirty to have commercial value. The Washington bed is locally 8 feet thick, but only 3 feet of coal at the bottom of the bed is clean enough to be mined. The acreage of this bed is so limited that the qvantity of coal is very small. ‘i / en neem ne eee ; Nc | 4 ’ aby wae vn w f . : (eee Va tke ay . —_— , ‘ aS Sen Be on aN BY i a aay he a as Hee ae e > ae) y- : , ; , iy = i od hglen y= ns 7 | ) fs e ey 4 5 hes i ud ie 0 ah | y 4 . . | | iB : | bh als ease.) eal ‘ R ve ; ee i \ ' sath} fs Th AS or he . Y i F 4 A Nl : aay ni s4i4 ' \ rts An ok uh ; ih hain ie i) i Pa t . f } | : t | | | ‘ ul : , . 5 . | } A 4 ; " ! " " ww \ | ste OS | i; ene ie? cate 7 t : wea | | , iv ay | 3 : we ' ve wie / ) ' . i “ ny 4 - ; ‘ \ i z ) » : oa : | | i ; | | a i eer, ‘ Pe er ey y UT ihres | ify f “iy yn COAT A