The School Building Survey and The School Building Program for The City of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania By THOMAS E. FINEGAN Superintendent of Public Instruction State of Pennsylvania N. L. ENGELHARDT Professor of Education, Teachers’ College Columbia University, New York City DWIGHT H. PERKINS Architect, Chicago, of the firm of Perkins, Fellows and Hamilton mo aan Lied b's foe > WH 2 “| mm oe JF > al Clip > ih THE SCHOOL BUILDING SURVEY AND THE SCHOOL BUILDING PROGRAM FOR THE CITY OF HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA —_————————- ——_—___. The United States Census figures indicate that Harrisburg was a city of 75,917 people in 1920 as compared with 64,186 people in 1910. Over this decade Harrisburg has had a growth of 11,731 people, or a growth of 18 per cent. The actual growth of the City of Harrisburg since 1870, according to the United States Census, is indicated in Table I. TABLE I POPULATION OF THE CITY OF HARRISBURG Year Population Per cent Growth er RMT MATE at RIES, ise BAGS Ray Foe Sv 257 293 286 ae 394 206 306 | on | 28 450 458 458 inh SS eee * 280 297 322 | 311 | 258 | = | 209 233 218 266 | 312 se ae 309 | 379 | 42: | =a TU OUTED Sars scasero<0.0iececolsis , Se 273 | 280 o71 DH ee se | 198 216 217 233 = | “50 30 3 | = | e.ehe | ee a2 | | = LINE EE eee Ee “ . = 267 256 OAS 99° an 112 131 : - ae = , bee a 213 246 - Y 31 28 | ; 44 iia reeeee eee a 1 130 132 | 102 120 a ce 138 133 129 85 8 ae oa | 425 | 418 | 401 ae | 5 Eighth pg gt) eee eee . 107 68 115 134-163 se ae 446 454 — = a 128 106 123 | a | on | ae 998 | 300 = Saas (eee a5 45 7 13 - 3 7 = = = aeeene 191 27 304 se a ; 190 208 278 1DS = 261 366 325 319 | ae 63 66 65 ft ee eee ee sal ae 200 210 218 200 | = 216 379 58 58 66 | io p79 273 Vil hers 20 = = am vee = 61 50 72 ro ; ae 294 292 296 | 281 | a22 ne oa ic ae 106 | 116 73 96 99 | a 197 183 167 265 | i 997 303 824 | 825 330 | ae Ze Ninth ..... Ree oe Pirsie = me on a6 195 208 181 = a 294 225 263 272 | a Se ner | 169 | 145 | as | ae = Sccoullmn Sasa a 8 a OOF; 232 212 222 ee: Sag S87 388 528 541 | - | a aOT | 300 | 812 | 321 : = gies sae es eoey 221 = a 291 290 313 o29 = 454 450 506 560 pee Sad ae | 225 | 227 | — 240 i igs Rourth = a Aas ae =a 309 311 363 358 364 877 | Se pee es ae — | 228 | 210 226 oa a ln ea ee 329 | = = = = Be ae 142 |" 176 a ac aay Sixth ee Z = aris 173 207 | = ee i Bd eeventh re ee | = ae = an a 207 240 244 244 2 4234. 439 403 371 Waciith: =. .-sake scence Z = < wee wee ao on 268 | 347 190 e795 377 356 347 383 a8 | = | ae 301 281 hh oe a 450 501 586 “ nae 489 566 | 355 ole te | 318 334 313 271 | 825 | 500 490 Tenth a eh See ee | 408 | 257 264 | 38 | ae ea ah 436 | 490 494 a enth ... Second <.s.s0sse.0+0- | = 263 296 306 ‘oT OBE 261 274 | 268 277 277 = hint sas ers ae = = <= = vee me we 460 439 484 477 | sa 998 228 | 274 249 251 D ee ee es sta 5 395 424 45 356 409 405 | 386 257 25s 250 231 HOurth=s-7 ss 314 840 838 357 300 a 250 397 340 332 | 267 251 260 | a - | 157 168 a ba ROUUS Exeoeveesseeanates 6 ite Sots s a9, 296 823 o 168 | 17 = | ees toes 318 320 2 ve | 65 168 3 4. : Bleventh Second .....eeeeees | 827 = - | = ie goth eet el a so" {ia Shiels ee as = ee 5 eee aay, 147 141 157 | 139 146 157 | vt a Sai 241 355 309 cy Bourth pee ee os ees a 127 127 132 151 bis — 257 | 274 | 290 | 294 305 | 308 398 399 316 334 330 334 ras as stint ancien ilibeaS 307° 803 | ~~ 310 jo 821 273 Oae 285 | 302 307 293 oe 259 O64 281 321 315 333 | 306 — | Third eae eae 384 | | ae ee 344 | 864 | 427 ! 305 | | | =| Aad ISS lt ib hs) eee er re ee é Sen eee = = 888 388 Thirteenth ee as ga oe 2 | , | | pes | | | | ere | ateLe see = | ae | 9 | 13,266 = 12,495 SGCONG=3..aiee eae ee | Se | — | ire | tee 11.398 11.657 11,920 | 12,758 12,993 | | Se | 3 | sive | $605 | 9683 | 8609 | 9384 | 9654 | 10550 | 10870 | 12490 | 11, : ee ee ee eee vee | =e. aa 8072 | 8176 8595 8683 | 8609 9, Fifteenth ....cccccccesssecceeees Been | 8070 8 ea a a ea et So ee a ee ee SCHOOL CENSVS5-CHILDDEN 6TOIOYRS.OF AGE-1902-1922 Maelo PUG CITY DAUPHIN COUNTY ~ PENNA. PREPARED TO ACCOMPANY HARRISHVURG SCHOOL SuRVEY 19 OL 1906 908 1910 IN THOUSANDS NUMBER OF PUPILS IN THOUSANDS 0 a e = Be Le @) a u) h = > =z Newer — DIE CORFDS NOT AVA\LADLE. Fon .- COMMONWEALTH OF eee DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTVUCTION DUREAYV OF SCHOOL DHVILDINGS CuHart II 17 ScHoot POPULATION In Table VIII are given the school enrollment figures distri- buted according to the three sub-divisions of the present school organization for the years 1906 to 1922, inclusive. The facts are given as of the month of October because the Age Grade Studies for the past six years have been made as of the month of October. TABLE VIII ScHOOL ENROLLMENT—HARRISBURG = = 5 = = = — — oy) — Totals yi ae oe pe ~ 3 ~~ +. ~ . eis 2.8 2 $ SN = S = S 5 ene, Sc, & 55a OCle 1 900 ae 8401 6242 74 13920 ae 767 9 Ocet190T7 «2 2 8532 6305 74 1401,- 417 826 9 Ocia 1908 ae. 8641 6284 3 1495 «§=617 862 10 OCT 909 Breen 8759 6282 72 OETA oa keg 946 Il Oct yigl0ie wee 9469 6734 71 1070" eas 1065 11 Oca sit sic. 9688 6784 70 1788 18 1116-7 2 Oct 1912 ire... 9934 6918 70 1847 18 1169 12 OC 01S sat 10104 7025 70 1847 18 1232 12 Oct 21914 cae 10445 71.79 269 1933 18 1333 viedo Oct, 19 1in tz. 10726 7302 #68 2038 19 1386 "33 Oet1 9167. os 11047 7415 67 2670 824 962 9 Octo 1 Tiree: 11507 7986 69 2556 22 965 9 OCtr LS LS Sia 11786 7983 68 2604 22 1199 10 Oct1919 oe 12042 i0als oe 3065 25 1396 12 Oct 19207 a 12197 atias abs 2959 24 1525 — gas Oe a9 a1 eer 12808 7964 62 3195 25 1649 13 Ot ly22 oe 13084 8029 62 3195 7-2 1860 14 Prior to 1916 there were nine grades in the elementary schoo!s and four grades in the high schools. In Chart III is shown the relationship in growth between the total population of the City of Harrisburg, the total school — population, and the school enrollment in grades 1 to 6, 7 to 9, and 10 to 12 for the years 1906 to 1922, inclusive. Not only are the facts of the past years indicative, but the anticipated growth of total population derived as already indicated, and the anticipated growth in total school population are also indicative in anticipat- ing the growing of total population for the years 1928, 1934, and 1945. 18 RATIOS BETWEEN CHILDREN 6G TO I6 YRS. OF AGE & TOTAL POPULATION 1902-22. HARRIS BUR G CITY N COO NT yee PEN PREPARED TO ACCOMPANY HARRISBURG SCHOOL, SURVEY 1902 1904 1906 1908 © 1910 1912 1914 ISIG 1918 1920 1922 IG 1G SS f ie 19 . ‘| a Bn me mei dO ee io @ a 9 9 0 eee eee ee 8 Zz ECS SS aS ee 1°) O Eis Ea a ee ES a: a 5 5s a 4 4 3 2 NOTE'— CHILDREN 53 TO G YEARS INCLUDED PRIOR TO 1922 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT - OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION BUREAU OF] SCHOOL | BUILDINGS. Cuart III 19 In Table IX is shown the relationship between the total school enrollment and the total population for the years previous to 1922. In 1922 the school enrollment was approximately 17 per cent. of the total population of the City. Considering this per- centage as a fair estimate of the relationship which will hold over a period of time between school population and total popula- tion, the expected school enrollment within the present areas of the City of Harrisburg is given for subsequent years. TABLE IX TOTAL POPULATION AND TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Total Total School ; _ Population Enrollment Per cent. ER ges, | ame ery ras 8 Si bo toys 64,186 9,469 14.7 1920 Se 2a ont he eee eee TRILT 12,197 16.0 1922 ses 46s. Wins Vpee S dia go ee ene renee 77,544 13,084 16.8 AGZS were: . sielaPaoeiens ata ect earne tiie ears 84,040 14,285 Lig LOS 4 Sere cas anc cya, ntn sees otal tetenaaeiere iat neice 88,677 15,000 1750 UST a ey PON PRR Re Ey hae 98,240 16,700 17.0 The per cent. of total school enrollment to be found in grades 1 to 6 is decreasing while the percentage of total school enroll- ment found in grades 7 to 9 and 10 to 12 has been gradually in- creasing. It may be exected that the percentage for grades 7 to 9 will increase slightly but less than grades 10 to 12. The percentage for grades 1 to 6 will only increase as the Board of Education extend their present 6-3-3 plan of organization into a kindergarten, 6-3-3 plan, of organization. Assuming the continued existence of the present organization, the number of children to be provided for in each of the subdivisions of the 6-3-3 organization has been indicated in table X for. the years 1928, 1934 and 1945. TABLE X ENROLLMENT BY GROUPS—HARRISBURG . Grade LOee* 91% 1928* % 1934* % 1945* % » ES i ear ers 8029 62 8575 = 60 8850 59 9685 58 TO etree 3195 24 3425 24 3590 24 4000 24 WAV EY sa a 1860 14 2285 16 2560 17 3015 18 * Estimates based on population estimates of Bell Telephone Co. In table XI are found the enrollments by school organization sub-divisions in the Hill section and the Uptown section of Har- 20 risburg for October, 1922. Estimates are given for school enroll- ment in each school organization sub-division for the years 1928, 1934, and 1945, for the Hill section as well as the Uptown section. Using these figures as a basis, the Hill section will require pro- visions for 5130 children in grades 1 to 6, exclusive of the kinder- garten in the year 1934, 2090 junior high school children, and 1480 senior high school children. In 1934 the Uptown section will need school provisions for approximately 3720 elementary children, grades 1 to 6, exclusive of kindergarten, 1500 junior high school children, and 1080 senior high school children. TABLE XI ScHOOL ENROLLMENT—HARRISBURG Hill % of Total Uptown % of Total Grades Section for the City Section for the City iy ee 4175 3854 Ee Oe od w/e slain ya. 1655 1540 RIE gw Scie sss ove 902 958 SOMME 0, 5 ccnp o 6 acl ethne 6732 52 6352 48 1928 * . (ee 4630 3945 err 1850 1575 EO Ss Oa we es 1235 1050 1) 0 yg Oe 7715 54 6750 46 1934 * Ree, sent. sw ae 5130 3720 MM he, Dae sk See ee 2090 1500 MIRE etree ae une. e. 8 3 1480 1080 SUN EE Me coins spe aes 8700 58 6300 42 1945 * Sra, lod ss) sk tele 6000 3685 iO ae ee aM ease tees 2475 1525 Ee os ace! dias eee 1875 1140 CI NS 10350 62 6350 38 * Estimates ScHoot ENROLLMENT INCREASES DISTRIBUTED BY AGE GROUPS In Charts IV, V, and VI are shown the school enrollment increases for the years 1902 to 1922 distributed by ages of 21 school children. At the present time there is little variation in the numbers of children attending school of the ages 7, 8, 9, and 10. There are almost as many six-year-olds attending school as there are children of the ages of 7, 8,9, and 10. In spite of the lack of a kindergarten program, apparently most of the children six years of age are being admitted to the elementary schools. With the adoption of a kindergarten program a few more six- year-olds would be added to school enrollment and probably a very large majority of the five-year-olds. Thus the increase in school enrollment for the lower age group of the elementary schools will be in the five and six year old groups. If the kinder- garten is added as a part of the school program, it is estimated that approximately one thousand more children will be added to school enrollment from this source. It is interesting to note that since 1916 there has been a greater tendency to inelude all children of years 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 than there was previous to that period. Curves of growth for years 11, 12, 13, and 14, as indicated in Chart V approach approximately the same terminus for the year 1921. Apparently the school attendance depart- ment functions ini such a way as to keep a very large majority of these children in school. In Chart VI are shown the curves of growth in enrollment for the years 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 or over. There has been a marked increase in the enrollment of 15, 16, and 17-year-olds since 1917, especially marked since 1918 or the end of the War period. This very definite increase in these three-year-groups has taken place in most of the communities of the United States and has thus added to the high school problem. It will be noted that the fifteen- year-olds are only a trifle below the fourteen-year-olds of Chart V and few additions to school enrollment may be expected from this source. There may be very definite additions to school enrollment from the sixteen and seventeen-year-olds. Probably the sixteen-year-olds will rapidly approach the fifteen-year-olds and the eventeen-year-olds will increase considerably in number over the next five year period. These increases will be very largely in high school enrollment. Therefore, the relationships between high school population and total school population, which has been utilized as a basis for future estimates, makes the estimate a conservative one rather than extreme. 22 eee re NOM WENT DY ACTS) 1902 — (92.2 amore int UL OG ayy NUE Pett COUN TY a 9 ENON A. PREPADED TO ACCOMPANY HADDIODURG SCHOOL SURVEY oe sade id Ee ane. ari NOM SE. po OO - -E Pio re ife Q 4 ne 2) > L O a ul Y == > ra NOTE: DATA FOR HIGH SCHOOL PUPILS INCOMPLETE. FOR YRE6. I41Z- Iqi5 watt Pyne COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLYANIA arama — 7 YRS, ——-— 9YRDS. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INOTRUCTION a LOY BAS. BHuUDBEAY OF ACHOOL HBVILDINGS Cuart IV 23 AGHOOL EN POV Mie Nee KGL®A 19 O02) =e HAT Ds Pea ay, DAU Para GOO rayne PENN A. PREPARED TO ACCOMPANY HARRPISDURG SCHOOL evar MAWCH aN ES OCTOBER a . $4 —_— os —— 1902 . 1905 1907 1210 1912 1915 1916 \9IT 1916 1919 1920 192) NeUMeprES 22 -O Fees 7 iis NOTE%~ DATA FOR HIGH SOCHOOL PuPpltLdS INCOMPLETE FORD YRS, 1912-1915 LECEND:— COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IL YEARS --------- 12 Y Poo. DEPADOTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION ee mn |Z NBD. ommeeee 1 AY Bare PUDE.AU OF SCHOOL DVILDINGSH CHart V 24 MUMS ER OF PUPILS mewot ENROLILMENT bY AGES 19902 — 1922 | Melo pape or Ui oC Cay. DAV PHIN COUNTY, PENNA, PRPLEPALED TO ACCOMPANY HADDIO BUMS SCHOOL SUDVEY MARCH : JUNE OCTO DER i ’ —_-———_—_ 4 FO eo 905° 1907 1910 19h IGS 1916 I9IT 1916 1919 1929 122) a rm c=) ~~ ie = NOTE.:— DATA Por HIGH 86CHOOL PUPILS INCOMPLETE. poe YDS. I9IZ- 1915 LECEND:— COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA 15 YXO, -r- ene IT YDS, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION ee tO) NOS, pe RIN ee IQ YR2. om OVER PUREAY OF SCHOOL BVILDINGS CHart VI The relationship between grades 1 to 6, 7 to 9, and 10 to 12, as developed over the last fifteen years, is shown in Chart VII. The percentage of growth is greater in grades 10 to 12 than it is in grades 7 to 9 and 1 to 6. 25 IN THOUSANDS ‘?) ra b => y re .@) a ul re) = = z SR Cee OM OR Ee geld 485%. eager ses DY GROUPS 1906-1922 HARDIO DUD CA BY. DAUPHIN ioe Ne Bae aie Site a oe © ES ee ee acne LRG ScHOOL SUR abe Fiz i | Saale pS IN THOUSANDS RUMDED OF PUPILS NOTE c— DATA WAS TAKEN OCTOSE DY OF CACHE SYEAL= LEGCEND:— CRADES !-6 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA — ——— ——- CRAVDES 7-9 DEPALTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION we GRA DES J0-1R PULEAU OF SCHOOL SevUIe aie Cuart VII 26 RESIDENTIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION In order to permit of the visualization of the residential distri- bution of population of the present school organization sub-divi- sions, maps V, VI, and VII have been prepared. On these maps each dot represents one pupil. The sub-divisions indicated within the City are the ward boundaries. The number of child- ren in the elementary school living in the Hill section is 4175. The number of children living in the Uptown section is 3854. These elementary children will form the future junior high school and senior high school population. The comfort and convenience of these children will necessitate the development of two high schools for the City of Harrisburg. The distribution of the present elementary school children indicates that this is the need for future high school children. The distribution of junior and senior high school populations, as shown in Maps VI and VII indicates that there will be little change in the high school prob- lem as years go by; namely, that two entirely distinct and sepa- rate groups of children must be thought of as the high school building program is developed. 27 = STOOHIS 3 tal v vN v Cr WwOWOe ODYM GIN BE STd7S— TVIaNd BHO @inwenadaBD 100 Howe an32eo 37 Coma WNF WOKS 40 NWBBNG WONLIND LIN! DINVNG ZO LNDW IDV 30 VINVATIGHN Sd JO HIIVE MN OWWOD ABDADNE WOOKHIG MBUNTGCIBBOVH NO Wivd AWY¥GWHOID9¥ O1 JTW ‘ % x 2 2 SII MY BIDE Wd ALNNOD NiHdNVvG ALID DANGSIaaVH ABVINSNIIA 40 STidNd 4O NOILN@IaLSIG 28 tL Na Ono S 0 0? aie nv wennot Farwvowog Owe - — — — - Tid WO finvITEese 100 HWE Onwon4 GOK AIT VOOKIE 40 owaang MONMADNBiew! DING 4O LWIWiwvedd WINWATAGN 7d 40 HIWIRNORMOD AJABNG WOHIG DINGGIDAVH wO WiWd Anvewo2w OL vm ‘eee ———— eS Cae HBF ‘Wd ‘ALNNOD NIHdDNVCO ALID) DYNESIYYVH S1OOHIS HIIH YOINNE 4O STIdNd 4O NOILNGIULsId 29 IIA 4VN SaIBvIVs0g OTM — — — werd BHO PiwvesseVB ico vwes Owveny ROWIDTING WOH>B 4O NVRWNE MONLWeLEw! 2ONG 40 IN awiewesd VINVATAQNN AD 40 HITV>MNOMROD ADABNE WOOKHIZS 2INGEIFAV wo VIVE AwvdwO72¥ O1 CV ° j 4 : c : . ~ . - 4 Se eS eee Sey er ; a eS Yd Tinnde tats SY Ae ” ALID DaNnasiaavH , z- —.. SIOOH7E HAIH BDOINDSe JO SIIT#¢Nd JO NOILNGIBGLEIC 30 Increases of child population according to birth and distribu- tion of birth within the city for the years 1917 and 1922, distri- buted according to the residences of the parents will be found inmap VIII. Thedatafor this distribution were furnished by Dr. J. M. J. Raunick of the Bureau of Health of Harrisburg. The distribution is a little misleading as wards 14 and 15 were not in existence for the entire five-year period as were the other wards. These births will form the basis for the elementary school popula- tion of the next six years and of the junior and senior high school population for years to come. For the past five years the total number of births in the Hill section has been 4886*, and the total number of births in the Uptown section has been 4558 * Sixth precinct considered 27% of total for seventh ward (ratio of school census 1922). Third and fifth precincts considered 75% of eighth ward (ratio of school census 1922.) 31 IITA 4VIN Se ee Sant, S a? 4 hoe v ates FEA Bas BOWd WAM - sOWWR WELD AO Twvad (% Fes? wits + auvA AMO 2A JE TwaOD Wawa 6) GUWR now SaevarNn[e cwwe — — — — Haw BHO SanmeRwSTE 408 HIE Ouse — SMI WOH2e 40 WRU G MOULINGLOM! 278M 4O inmivveRO VIMVATAGMN Ad 30 HIT BANOLOD 6 ABAWNS WOHDE TONeSIZOVH ie) MO VAVO ANWaNODOW OL ow ’ * 4 vA ° re | Vd ALNNOD NIHdNVva ALID DaNnasiaavy bee me hese arte as 2261-2161 SH1AI@ 4O NOILNGIALSIG “SInqgs}igepy ‘yyeoyY Jo neaing ‘yoruney “f “Wf “AC Aq poeystuiny eyeq 6LOL | S9ZT vb46 | 68 FOL | 92 | | | | | wor | or | tr | ger | ez spipmy fq payngr.1asid DYNASIYAVET dO ALIQ NI SHLUIG: AO aaa WAN ITX WIaViL ‘OT pue ET SpreM UT sde{d Uoyey oARY SaseaIOUL ySoSAe] oY, ‘SYPAIG JO Loquinu oY} UL YO Sui[[ey jSoyvo1s oy} UMOYS Sey E PABA, ‘SAISNTOUT ‘TZET 0} ‘OLGT Woay potsod Teak 9Ay Sty} JO teak Yora doy AytQ oy} Jo sprem Aq syyarq JO UOI{NII}sIp OY} WMOYS SI TTX qv, UT 33 By reference to Table XIII it may be seen that the increase in the number of births has been far greater in recent years in the Hill section of the City than in the Uptown section of the City. Not only is this increase greater for the entire five-year- period for which the data have been furnished, but it is also more markedly true for the later years of this five-year-period. TABLE XIII NUMBER OF BIRTHS—HARRISBURG Hill Section Uptown Section LDIG) ys suis a oe te ae eee 757 715 LOLE= icra cre son Gis at pace 889 T2 LDIS iw is. ass Sen eee ea §24 778 1910s vas 3 Se eee eee 705 673 1920 fakiie eratecs wrest ie ne. eee STD 581 1921 | se cte sc coe cute eer oes aon T67 704 1922 (Gi months ieee. 369 335 LOCAL rica pelos ripe eee 4886 4558 These figures, showing the distribution of births, present addi- tional evidence that the school population of the future in the upper grades for the City of Harrisburg constitutes a two-fold problem and is one which cannot. be solved by the development of one school plant. DISTRIBUTION OF DWELLING PEeRMItTs 1918-1922 The degree to which the city of Harrisburg is expanding may be seen from the number of dwelling permits which are issued over an extended period. The number of dwelling permits issued by the City of Harrisburg from data furnished by Inspector Boyer, and the relative cost of the housing, are shown in table XIV. The distribution in this table is according to the wards of the city. The largest increases in the number of dwelling permits issued over the period 1916 to 1922 have been in wards 10, 9, 13, and 1, in which respectively 336, 233, 187, and 130 permits have been issued. Ward 10 is in the Uptown Section, while wards 9, 13, and 1 are in the Hill Section. The relative number of permits issued for the Hill Section is 730*, and 521 for the Uptown Sec- tion. The total investment in dwelling permits in the Hill Section has been approximately $3,000,000 from 1916 to 1922, and ap- proximately $2,000,000 for the Uptown Section for the same o4 ow period. Not only is the greater number of dwellings being added to the eastern and southern sections of the city, but a greater investment is being made in the housing development in the eastern and southern sections than in the western section. * Sixth precinct of the 7th ward, third and fifth precincts of 8th ward estimated. It must be understood that these statements are based upon the estimates made at the time the dwelling permits were issued. 3 " van es Shae / oS aot © = . ‘ ; ° are : e ot f . dice Sea mae 2 reat n> ik - . g ce NG 5 eee > WOVEA BAld WBACD WAND -faWEM WHHL . ° strane. Facies AWHO SUVEA © FOEKOD WUNG-+) GEVm DMO PeWRA © SEBAOD WENO -6) Geum Bal CT i fen lee Yh ect ec . ee ® . © Parevaunoe awe — — — — Stews HO Cin DO REe BE 409 HOWE. . ° ee : . 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SN Ce | ° . : POM WE WONDE 40 NWEwE oNee ie MOMINEAEN) OFTEN 2O inawinvaga NINWATASNNGD 40 HIT amnOWHWO> ATAYNE WOHIS DuNasIBUVH MO WANO AM¥awOD2W OL dv - i B years a a he 2 ° om : Ho L : . & a ————— a ————F ‘Wd ‘ALNNOD NIHdNva ALID DUNGCIYYVH: ‘226 GIGI-CLINUId IWILNAIGICAY 4AO NOILNUIYLSIC 36 ‘B1InqstldvHy Jo AID 10JedsuT ‘1aA0g ‘V ‘H Aq peystuiny Bled 6G GLOL ‘S}IUlIed SUITJaMP JO “ON x Para ra alts Ree ola os ieee hon ae ee see ce: TR Eos ina eee a ee eee eo be i e9 | oos‘ect | ez | ooo'rs | or | ost'ec | or loogz9 [oz |e le bee bee lt Lt Lot ust_| ooc'ts | ez | oos‘9s | 2t | oor‘oer| sz |oozter | ze | oce‘ee | ot | oos'ss | er | ooctte | cr | er pee | i inouuce |e (oon lates kono cen || Puieie stl | 0008 << Pcl eect 1z__| oor'es es POOOGE NL bs ee ODG ee ete ee la eee n00OR L. sLoog ce. | The eed oge_| oortsc | ze | ooc'tzz| oF | ocs'sz |» loocttoe | os | oooe |_| oootztr| ce | oos'ste| sor | or eez_| ooo's0z_| 1# | ore‘oxt| sz_| oog'or | 8 |oor‘oce | 62 | ooce | t | oor'zs | re | oovzer| ce | 6 zs__| 00c‘9rT re | ooo'ot |e | 00's | looore | sr | ooce | 1 | ooc'sz | or | ooc'eo | az | 8 es | oores |9 | ooo'se | or | -::::: | -: looszet | se | ooo'st | + | oce'ee | et | ogee | 1 | ST a ee eee Bales Pe Pe Be Ray é Looe (Pe RES fe SEE Cae ee Oe en I Raa rs, Ae ee Se tee i a ee ed Pare ee a EES See sche eae [Brae Lien al te | oe Pa ee ect ase cc a a bee |) os __| ooo'on | ez | oooe | | oooze | z loocer | ar |ess::: | -: | ooze 1c | ooo lor | z _oet_| oos‘ort$! ¢¢_| ooo'ze¢ | ex | oez‘oos! st | oorporg | sz | ooo'zts| ¢ | ooF‘go¢| og | cusog |e | it eye aed nie-ije. petal edited Para eer teed Remote clues We OAC mee eth ajuiee ie oe UP py receun ‘ON [BIOL ; DYNASIHUVA, WoO ALI) GHL NI SLINHGd ONITIOMCG JO NOLLOATHLST(d AIX WIAVL r 3 “y 4 (Wis, BNCCREEI, aL} HOO Hy ale = 4 Y 4 (0) al | "| 1 le Wa SMC { Pat | thse, Ld ’ » 0 yeaa qt sfurpring jeoyag je ntaung Sa Sean Uo MsIIU) WHAM Je weussedeg eat ae Pia feturnhsuuay yo 4)je2 uous sh AIAUNG TOOHICG oUNesiMAvY uo ewiep Auedurosry 0, dey % a “ § sa(tly Ur ajecg e ‘eq'og urydnarvg “* MLIQ DUAASRaVEL > SONIGTING IOOHIS AO NOLLVIOT 9 Yad WAN ‘AWVN Mw YAP POOMPL MT 4 Yip aotuac may Yy i [eotu yay yotyy (eaquay urany duieg uostpy MIA ese ITY Maa JURS Paid aprssrary asodlay] Repeyy uousuUie> 2]203 ch os hausoy UOULIA uosi|y ujooury Wey stout PAempoom fiaumog uuad uo41udeyy A2P 18D fyley stog PAPI SU2AIIC Aaisgamy [J aecunys bueixeg cluaey asooy -AMENOOrOH ayMvN waaay SONIATING OOH 2¢ 38 THE PRESENT SCHOOL PLANT The School Board of Harrisburg is utilizing 31 school build- ings for the development of the educational program of the City. The name of the school building, the number which has been assigned it for purposes of the study, the location of the school building, and the approximate area occupied by the buildings and grounds are indicated in Map X. Twenty-six of the present school buildings are being utilized for the housing of elementary children. Two are utilized for junior high school purposes, and the Technical and Central High Schools are those devoted to high school purposes. In addition, there is one school used as a Special school, namely, the Open Air School. The buildings are distributed in Table XVII according to the num- ber of classrooms available at present, and the number of grades housed in each building. These facts give evidence that there has been no definite policy for the development of elementary schools which would tend toward the reduction of costs in administra- tion, operation, or maintenance. Instead of planning for the concentration of large numbers of children in buildings where a maximum of facilities could be provided, and where the best program for the classification and grading of children could be developed, Harrisburg’s tendency has been to erect small build- ings, relatively close to one another, and without definite con- sideration of future demands, nor of the promotion of a superior educational program. The pupil burden placed upon the indi- vidual plants is best shown in Table XVI. In this table the buildings are distributed according to the number of children housed in each one of them. The Steele building best represents in its size, and in some of the facilities which are offered to children, the type of building which should form a part of the elementary plant for this City. TABLE XV ScHooL BUILDINGS—HARRISBURG No. of Vacant No. of No. Building Rooms Rooms Grades fy UGGS PSE ee ae iy a Pe 8 7 2 SE sep et Se 12 1 7 ERECT toe a an em $4 ne ee 2 1 2 (Table XV continued to next page) 39 No. of Vacant No. of No. Building Rooms Rooms Grades 42 -Shimmell oe ee eae ree 14 2 7 B Webster. 3; is ae oe ee 12 a 6° *Steve@ns «cos pak at eae oes 4 vt [# Willard i ook en ve eee 8 4 BS BOaSs: ts screens yale «atte ete eae 16 7 9 -Reily oo. Sea cates ee ae 10 2 3 105) Calder ins sides. aceon 4 5 11. Hamilton vce. ene. eee 16 6 12> Penn.) rca bn ee te eee 8 mF 6 13° DoWNGY ie eos es ee ie eee 6 3 14. Woodward: {425 > 3... 8 7 15° -Wickershani-. 23. 12 eee ee 8 7 16) Lincoln feos...) eee ee 13 7 17. “Al 80n 4s wn sects clare canes 8 6 18 = Vernon 2.3. od ad ba teres 8 6 19 */F Orne y=... atsitese ea ae ee eee 12 i: 202° Open’ Air” <2 22). an eee eee 4 “ 21) Steele- 27.26. sen ois oer 22 4 7 22° GamMmeron igo. 6 os eee eee 20 1 7 23. Maclaysncs aes dciniccre one ae 14 : 24. “Melrose. 2.4.5.4 5 ones eee 12 7 2b. “Riverside... ue eee ee 4 7 z0) Pleasant: View. ..hieceete antes 8 4 4 2% Pleasant View 222. .58..+..-- 2 2 28) udison< Junior Highs... sass 50 3 29 Camp Curtin Junior High .... 44 3 30 Central Senior High .......... 20 a 31 Technical Senior High ........ 26 3 TABLE XVI ScHOOL BUILDINGS OF HARRISBURG DISTRIBUTED ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER oF PuPILS HOUSED Building No. Building No. of Pupils 28 Edison, 2.5 oases fa ae pes 0 oar eee 1292 29 Camp Curtin’. ¢,cveeece sll © oe eee 1188 30 Central veivsss othe eee hes Sere 953 sy I Technical \ideiosae Rae be eee Lie ee ee 902 22 CAMELOT ig o.oo cuotele Reena koe ot ee 690 21 Steele’ so. fcc % ss Ne calete ties wane eee 639 11 Hamilton, 2.00 2 Siw ice oie sone occle 623 8 BOOS): .0 Seawe ain edhe vere ec ee oe ae 588 23 Maclay”. Siiiwste acts ccs anrte oneal ee ae 542 16 Lan Coln sin sei tire viele ie eae ee 486 5 Webster 1.04.42 s02+ 10+ bate ae or wee eee 484 a Building No. Building No. of Pupils 19 Re TLE MCE eMC eee ne oie ct [ok Ms oa gle ea eee ped 467 24 DATOS Ome ae SAI ne 2a. «2 OR Fc He ew 459 4 Pe LER ESE TELE eee ge so, lant a Mins oo tut aids uel eee siti Bak pies 416 2 RUE T MS ne el cc ihe ol cols wh okt note hes © CR 395 17 EMULE ES CVPR. 95 U7 PS Ta gag AS A 332 18 MEER NTIM Ee cect Re Ce eo Me ate a a Scta ce SERN Stine 98 315 9 ERSEAM VMN ee REMC tare oo Wigs Ss 6S dco wilde Hadi he awit 302 14 Wate eee ott) TGR etal oor, ro gly eave wie ARES os uae 299 15 MAE ET EVE AS as ba OE 2 09 ae aR a ee RO a 276 1 LES PW EE 2, ibe Pe i et A, AEB eo 264 12 CEGLEUS ph or syneeyay 4 Os ee ea ee 264 13 MOPS LAS VME EO RNR OST sc gk. fs pict 'ol Aaa eae 153 10 OO MER ete oc, a Sea oa eee by ee oe 147 6 SSL VELIS Mee my er eres oie be Sv. < soa hotels ees 139 25 BREW eo ieetd CL CBS Ieee Ae neers ch pcre ete tis tina ale! o1ctaW ais Wiel 132 26 MEIC HMR ILL VIO WENO ANC oo Hara ate o sieniod etka ble ss 131 20 APUG TLD eee ee eee ne ais bie Se ce hehe 88 3 PRM RE eae Gade se el ee a ere ae Sale 30 Number of pupils given as of the last week of October, 1922. OVERLAPPING BETWEEN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DISTRICTS In Map XI the overlapping between the elementary school districts of the City is indicated. It is assumed that in a city situated as Harrisburg is situated, no injustice will be done a child who is required to travel one-half mile or less in order to reach his elementary school. In Map XI eircles have been drawn with the present elementary school buildings as centers, and with a half mile radius the degree of overlapping among these circular areas is indicated by different degrees of shading. In two sections of the map overlapping occurs with as many as eight of the adjoining school districts. There is comparatively little area in the City where overlapping does not occur more than twice and a very small area in the City where overlapping oceurs not at all. In the development of the program of utilization of the present school buildings, the survey committee considered it essential to discover the degree of overlapping among the ele- mentary school districts and the condition of the present ele- mentary school plant. These facts were taken into consideration in order to determine the best possible use that might be made of the existing junior and senior high school plants. 41 ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN TERMS OF OVERLAPPING «°° "'” Circles One Half Mile Radius. HARRISBURG CITY a ey Dauphin Co. Pa. ais se Ee —————— a’ es 7 lee GS, 7 ——F = = = = =". ws SS =—s 4 = —— = _—— —— a = SS ay 7S = = == = — —— == = SE es, <3 7) ==! = _ Seer = = SS — = 3 —— J = -< t ~ s< IS a = — — i at po = St SSS i i = = Mar XI en Min Hi il Mm el sili es ie a yee Ste ere ADEQUACY OF THE PRESENT PLANT The adequacy of the present school plant of Harrisburg must be measured by the degree to which it provides for the health, comfort and safety of its pupils, while adequate educational aims are being achieved. It has become increasingly frequent in recent years to discover, through throughgoing inventories of school plants, whether the child’s physical and educational welfare is being satisfactorily safeguarded and advanced. The need for the measurement of school plants has inevitably resulted in new tools and instruments of measurement. Of these, the most com- monly used is the ‘‘Strayer-Engelhardt Score Card for Measur- ing City School Building.’’* This score ecard has been used extensively in surveys of city school systems. In using this score card, buildings are rated at 1,000 points when they meet all standards of modern school construction as shown in Chart No. 8, the 1,000 points are distributed among five major items as follows: ea Dome ne rue aa. a ty fates 125 points II. Building or Building Structure ... 165 points iii eecervice.oystems :.. 0.000... 2k 260 points LAY ABS OS he Seen 290 points MemmIIIOCIOIAIOOINS. hod... dns ee. s wele 140 points Each of these items is divided into several sub-topies, the division being made after consultation with many school men and architects who have had wide experience with modern school building. *Published by Bureau of Publication, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York. CHART NO. 8 STRAYER-ENGELHART SCORE CARD FOR CITy SCHOOL BUILDINGS Score of Building 1 | 2 3 ii) C4 Uae See Sie aoe ge Da | aye et 125 | ECE AEIAS yg le'g fo! o's nie of0ie 306 uk a © cannes 55 25 RP OCORBIIMIALY. 8's as crs 66 5) 25 15 ; | meeervaronment so... + 30 10 | Saat | ae | | REPRE LIER io, caters s vin e's she's s atste “ 30 (1 PMP HOUR LION. Fos otc a ole vee vs 20 | 7 | ake é | maevature Of SOil«.. <2 .% ss 10 5 | : | | Prersreennd COTM: 6.5 sis wes 40 | 20 | 40 | 20 | | 2 Building .. A; Placement. 2.42556 set eee 1 Orientation +... ..22.s oe 15 2 Position on site oe 7. swe. 10 B Gross Structure 2.4... LEV DG eh once cee ee ontes 4) SeMLALETIA! ©...’ cece eee 10 oO) EROISNG os 'ca a eens sete etee 5 4° ROO (33.5 eee eee s 5 oo Poundationsss.. 20. se 5 GUWalist crise ct ee eee i) 7 FIDtvances iy. eu scan eat 10 8 Aesthetic balance ....... 5 9 Condition: 7, ..s eee. eee 10 C Internal Structure .......,.... LeStairways’ a. see ee 35 24 COTTIGOYS he we emit 20 >, BDASCMCNE fF. 6 «ss ee 15 4 Color Scheme .......... 5 SUALIGCH see eee eine 5 3 Service System . a eee A Heating and Ventilation .|.... LPR ING aoee tere fee soe alee 10 2 Installation oy ..5 +s saan 1Q OP ALPASUDDI Yucca cee 1a 4 Fans and motors ....... 10 5 Distribution... . os. cee 10 6 Temperature control ..| 10 7 Special provisions ...... 5 B Fire Protection System ..|.... DL TAVORTALUS eee ce ctsieta a eet 10 2 Fireproofmmess ....s.sees 15 2D MOSCADER Use se vies oe sicee es 20 4 Hlectric wiring ........ 5 5 Firedoorsandpartitions.| 10 6 Exit lights and signs ..| 5 G Cleaning .System |>.....5 seus. La ind re eitees aie ote 5 2 installation fence se eiee eee 5 o efficiency | ..53. +e sede 10 D Attificial Lighting System|.... 1 Gas and electricity ..... 5 2 Outlets and adjustments 5 SALMA tl Ort Woe ee ee 5 4 Method and fixtures ...|j 5 E Electric Service System .|.... DCHOC Ks Foote uses ote eta pace eee 5 2 Bell cere? PWNS WM-: el Ooo TAHT wR ROW: ee eee eee 25 60 80 65, 20 15 SS EO 16 39 39 24 11 280 —_— CCC Orr -- —_—_—_ --- Saag ————— ee CUO ee eee ne 94 99 BEPGICDNONE: vice cece ves | 5 F Water Supply System ....|.... ATE ET ror a oc 3 cig sa waa 10 BUUUIEINITID’ | ow since «nlc eee 0 10 SERA TERTIT Oe shay c'a's a 0'0 0% 04 t 5 aerot and cold ......... ret att! SPECT DY SLOT 5 ccc cence cups ce PePSLriUtION « sivscceceee 10 SR TAIECH wy us ale c's « 5 9-644 10 8 Adequacy and arrange HN oa Acree 10 BR CIIISLON© so sigs cae «ss 0 0s 5 PUMAINILOULON =. cine cae soe 0:0 0 15 H Mechanical Service Systeni.... PROV ALOT ascrc cee cc senee: 5 BPE OO RPITE ES cickts ole 6 xx be 0 2 3 Waste-chutes .......... 3 4 Class Rooms ...... ot A Location and Connection | 35 B Construction and Finish .|.... BESET E ME ase so ss as © 80 ole e's « 25 DC) ats cicle bre ees v0 $0 15 SMILES 26 212 5 ly bine aoisis 9:5 10 SNORE Sere Aah RA wi aiateis bono & 10 POOLS cigs acess ka tees 6: 5 SPURL Sate Stcn see's a 6.8 es © 5 PMDIBCKDOATCS £0.55 ute os 10 8 Bulletinboard ......... +) 9 Color Scheme ......... 10 RPS SITITITIA LION elec eo < e's 2 sid), sols MVS TOCH | oC Fr 0.siie-w « « 45 PAR NVATHIOW Ss Wis ied s.3 0-0 2 v, 010 65 30 LOR eatin: Gr aie ocics 2 «950 10 D Cloakroemsand Wardrobes| 25 BPUTITOINCNIL, vow x wows oe bay ace 1 Seats and desks ....... Ata 2 Teacher’s desk ........ 10 3 Other equipment ....... | 4 5 Special Rooms .... |.... A Large Rooms for General DREAMS cal ies ya's a svece aien8's 6 yea RES TOO, bac bs asses vie 10 MAIC ILOTIUNIN o.0-5 see eas 15 tO, UAL yas cc ess 5 i 5 MPLA DTATY ss 6 oc cecss sees 10 PeeCrVINNOGSIUM 6.5 c. as 0 oe 0 10 6 Swimming pool ........ 5 PIANC TOOT, oy a's «0 2-0. of 10 ono: 30 50 10 35 95 85 2h 50 -_ x. 2 eS) | . . . . . . . Py . ° ° . e =]: 30 58 67 20 15 11 290 190 B Rooms for School Officials |.... | mn Sy 35 12 | LUQIHCETBY oor ae sie 5 coe ae 10 3) | 2 Teather’ s\ room Wis « es 10 | 7 | | | BENUTrS@’As OOM ca eevee eee 10 | 0 | 4° Jamitor’s YOOn! sas. «ne se 5 | 0 | | C Other Special Service . | | | | ROOMS. vse ee cee oo eee ABy 2 | ee | 40 16 | 1» Laboratories caidas. dea 20 | 0 | | Zelecture TOOMIS 7.0. eee 10 | (10) | | | | o: SS LOTe LOOMS «ont. eee D | 1 | | 4 Studios, ee Y a te "Wg 09 urudneg oy Beet E ” A.LIO 9UNESTYUUVA « ge | yea ia -SONIGMAG T0°H2/- a 4 , eee Siro ayy Paaawoy ‘Any. ~ A 49 TABLE XVII PuBLIC ScHoor, BUILDINGS oF HARRISBURG, PA. ARRANGED IN ORDER OF RANK FOR TOTAL SCORES ALLOTTED Showing distributed scores on the major items of the score card as compared with the total possible score for each major item = = Sub-items & ¥ Maximum possible score and - eb 2 alloted scores. me x g os aa = | SEegeee SCHOOL SCORED. gs) 2 5 a Js s ms i : = | 2s i 23 o = = > > 1000 | 125 | 165 | 280 | 290 | 140 Edison 7.28. fe ae eee | 1 | yes | 80 138 | 201 | 242 110 Steele: fy. eek eka hae eee 2 | 716 | 92 | 130 | 190 | 235 69 BOas ish sits. 9.000 ote paren ere | 3 | 683 | 48 | 135 | 206 | 241 | 53 Shimmeéli 2.420% ee | 4 | 657 | 76 | 122 | 170 | 2382 57 Open VAIrcGs: 4 soe ee | 5 | 605 77 105 126 | 225 72 Camp “Curtin... 2.444 ee | 6 | 602 46 | 93 | 166 | 214 83 Hamilton d: >. 2... ss. ca tana | 7 | 520 | ce 99 | 100 | 200 44 FOG8O 5 Si ie win ban ond eee | 8 503 84 87 | 113 | 181 38 Woodwardic. soe 9 e 479 72 84 | 91 189 43 MelTO8@ rch cose cos See 10 | 473 | 68 | 74 | 108 186 | 37 Lancoly ta. Stes eee eee 11 456 | 69 88 | 98 | 162 | 39 Cameron 2.2. + sone ere | 12 | 447 68 72 | 85 178 44 Vernon su. ip see ae ae eee | 13 | 428 | 61 13 116 | 143 | 25 Calder :% wistiect ns aes | 14 | 425 | AST ete | 91 { 180 40 BFOrne@y. os wietetess ain oe | 15 | 412 | 70 : 66 75 | 166 | 35 Maclay “ict. ee iG eee | 16 | 409 | 70 73 | 82 | 146 38 Riverside: 2's: «sins soe | 17 | 379 | 53 | 57 66 | 167 36 Tech High 72252. a: eee 18 | 368 | 31 51 | 136 | 122 28 Webster. .3). si. 4425 eee | ro | 365 | 69 | 55 | 64 | 145 | 32 DOWNY) v's hae 2 cits oe 20 | 347 62 | 59 62 | 136 28 Penn. 2. .its se sn ee : 21 | 334 | 39 38 cm! 153 33 Allison’ 2200 20. «ecm Sener 22 | 327 | 49 | 49 | 72 129 | 28 Harris o8 ote «. cs eee 23 315 37 | 50 | 64 134 30 Céentral*Hizh <: 44a ee | 24 286 34 41 az | 113 27 Wickershanie<-. 42 esac ee 25 286 | 35 | 47 | 67 | 108 | 29 Reilly: 4/5216 e 4 ee ee 26 259 45 | 30 61 | 92 | 31 Pleasant View H. S. ...... | 27 253 | 27 39 54 112 21 Pleasant; View. >. o:4 21s 28 | 213 | 27 34 32 94 26 Paxtangy, « <%2. Acapeneeeee | 29 212 | a 43 50 | 102 0 Willard 2 .s.5 4c eee 30 181 | 32 26 50 70 | 3 Maximum Possible Score | | 1000 | 125 | 165 | 280 | 290 140 Low RatTINGs ON ScHOOL BUILDINGS The major outstanding faults which count for the very low rating given many of the school buildings of Harrisburg are as follows: 1. The almost total lack of playground areas and the lack of preparation of the available play spaces for the proper kind of social play ; 2. The almost total lack in the elementary schools of such special rooms as libraries, auditoriums, adequate play rooms, and provisions for teachers ; The failure to provide reasonably modern toilet facilities ; The inadequacy of the natural lighting ; The combustible nature of stairways and corridors; mo wp ww The lack of fire protection and the existence of fire hazards in many of the buildings. Many of these faults exist because these elementary schools were planned long before adequate standards had been developed for the safety and comfort of children, as well as for the social and physical needs of large groups of children. The Survey Committee is recommending in this survey the elimination of some of the elementary school plants: It is fur- ther recommended that every reasonable precaution be taken to safeguard the children who will in the future be housed in many of these non fire-proof structures. Such precautions involve pro- visions for adequate exits, the removal of all fire hazards, the placement of panic bolts on all exit doors, and a more adequate program of supervision and administration of the school build- ings themselves. In the planning of all future buildings the two most important characteristics which should be adhered to at all times are those of elasticity and expansibility. The Survey Committee recom- mends that no building plans be devised which do not retain these two essential elements. STANDARDS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FUTURE SCHOOL PLANT It is obvious from the material which has been presented, show- ing the present conditions of the school plant, that the community of Harrisburg has failed to consider the development of the school 51 plant in terms of future needs and the future growth of the com- munity. No huge enterprise, involving as many individuals as does the school system in Harrisburg, can develop economically and prosper satisfactorily except as political and personal motives are cast aside and the program is developed in terms of scientific studies and with the acceptance of definite program principles. Such underlying principles have not been adopted in the past, nor have they formed a basis for the development of the plant or the educational program. If Harrisburg wishes to secure a school plant which will be comparable with those of other pro- gressive cities and to which its citizens in future years may point with pride, such basic standards as follow must be adopted. The proposed 6-3-3 organization promises to be the ground work upon which the best school systems in the future will be built. The Board of School Directors must determine upon large school buildings as the buildings of the future, rather than the small buildings which exist in such large numbers today in the city of Harrisburg. By large buildings, it is in- tended to imply a building with a 1,200 pupil capacity and above. In the planning of buildings, modern school standards must be adopted as the basis for all construction. These standards should insure complete safety for every child, proper lighting, heating, ventilating, seating and sanitary facilities and adherence to every advanced phase of modern school planning which has been considered essential for the health and education of children. Elasticity of planning is a positively necessary element to be considered in the development of the plant. The Board of School Directors should recognize that chang- ing admistrative policies will necessitate varying adaptations of ~ the school building. An elastic plan which may accommodate itself to these changes is the most desirable. The wisest policy to pursue is to reserve for all the time the possibility of addition to any plant except as positive assurance prevails that the op- timum size has been reached. The Board of School Directors should adopt the policy of selecting large acreages for school sites instead of the very limi- ted areas which have been made available in the past. The loca- tion of these sities should be on the basis of scientific building program planning. The future school building program should be advanced with full consideration of a city zoning program 52 and in harmony with such program so that buildings will be erected where they will be most conveniently located for children -of the future as well as children of today. Desirable traveled distanees for children of the various school groups should be determined so that the tremendous overlapping prevailing in the present elementary school districts may be avoided in the future. The school building program of Harrisburg should be con- sidered as a continuing program. It should be borne in mind that the city. will prosper to the degree that the educational facilities of the community are permitted to expand and de- velop. TABLE XXI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCHOOL BUILDINGS AND SIZE OF CLASS Size of Classes, Harrisburg, Pa., Grades 1-6 | First |Second|Third |Fourth| Fifth |Sixth keh OAS A eh on aa Be No. of Pupils ; 2 i 2 ; 2 : 2 a 2 2 Es Sees So. lao |e i peal i | a ates mgs AO. 3 ee | 3 | ihm hed Eads | me hee: eM oe i) ss bons: iia igieecem ne! Tastee y! |) 3 Pee Hr Ass; Ree le aes i) aG= ay GP] "4 oe sO iGen ies 9) 124139 [0113 Wk ae PLO els Deal Ly Diast 2 hs « Qaa lt 2 A) ET SO es ea eee i ae (58o i541 | 81 | 8b | 30 | 34 44 Mixed classes, i. e., more than one grade to the class. The many small school buildings of Harrisburg do not allow a satisfactory adjustment of the size of classes. In larger school buildings a better adjustment of class size may be made. Table 21 indicates the size of classes in the elementary schools of Har- risburg. More than forty classes are composed of more than one grade. In larger buildings the necessity for combining grades in the same class is obviated. The present Junior High School buildings indicate a better adjustment of the size of seventh gerade classes than is found in the smaller buildings that have seventh grade classes. There are thirteen seventh grade classes in the Junior High School buildings and eighteen so called seventh grade classes in other buildings. Six of the eighteen ys) classes in separate buildings are mixed classes, i. e., more than one grade to the class. The superior adjustment of the size of classes is indicated by Table 22. TABLE XXII SIZE oF SEVENTH GRADE CLASSES |Junior High Buildings Separate Buildings No. in Class | No. of Classes | No. of Classes oe) > Je) ANG ~] orc ee. | | | | | | | | Ciry PLANNING AND THE SCHOOL PROGRAM The existing conditions in the school buildings in the city are due almost wholly to the lack of a definite comprehensive plan on the part of the City. There never has been in the City a definite building program in relation to the schools. This has differed from the other improvements in Harrisburg. A general plan for all municipal improvements like parks, streets, sewers and water has been followed, but schools have been neglected in this respect. STANDARD FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A FuTURE SCHOOL PLANT In the developmeont of the building program proposed for Har- risburg the Survey Committee has thought in terms of the following standard: large school buildings for elementary schools as well as for junior and senior high schools; the minimum en- rollment for elementary schools has been considered to be 1200 pupils with future buildings so planned that additions may be made and increases may be cared for. A maximum travel dis- tance not to exceed one-half mile has been thought of as an essen- tial standard for elementary school planning. A maximum travel distance of approximately one mile has been utilized in the junior high school planning, and a maximum travel distance of approximately two miles has been used as a basis in the senior high school planning. Exceptional conditions make it necessary sometimes that the distance should be a little greater. 54 4 It has been recognized that a large number of small school plants increases unnecessary costs of operation, maintenance, and ad- ministration. In the future planning the effort has been made to eliminate as far as possible all overlapping among the future school districts. The program has been advanced with the pur- pose of eliminating those buildings which to the least degree meet the modern desirable standards of safety, sanitation, com- fort, recreation, and education. The program as advanced is divided into a series of steps, the time for passing through any one step has not been determined absolutely; an attainable ulti- mate school building situation is the result of the completion of the various steps. The attainable ultimate program as laid down in this study should form the basis of all future planning of the Board of Edueation. No action should be taken in the comple- tion of any step of the program except as the desirable character- isties of the attainable ultimate are preserved. The very compre- hensive data which have been presented in the foregoing pages have been utilized in the determination of each step. It is the belief of the Survey Committee that the program, as laid down in the following pages, is practicable and possible. THE ScHoot BumpING PROGRAM The High School Plant: There should be an immediate program for the extension and improvement of high school facilities in this city. The program should include the following: A high school should be erected on the Hottie Wood ’s site capable of accommodating 1350 pupils. The report shows that in 1934 approximately 1050 high school children will be residing in the uptown section. The Survey Committee feels it essential to plan for 300 pupils above this number in order to make com- plete utilization of the shops which have already been built on this site, and for relieving temporarily some of the overcrowded conditions which now prevail in the junior high school accommo- dations in the uptown section. The reduction to 1350 pupils of the capacity of the building already proposed for this site requires the preparation of a new set of plans. It is recommended that in the preparation of these plans con- sideration be given to the utilization of a portion of the shops 55 service in the high school. That the first floor of. the shops be used for gymnasium accessories and that the gymnasiums be centrally located to permit such use. These plans should be revised to meet the contingency of a possible increase in the number of pupils to be served beyond the estimate given. This may be done without additional expense. A site of at least twenty acres in the hill section of the city should be selected and a high school should be erected thereon. The high school building should be planned for an immediate eapacity of 1500 pupils, and capable of expansion, sufficient to accommodate 2,000 pupils which the report shows may reside in this section of the city by 1945. The plans of the building should be capable of such further expansion as may be necessary to accommodate the high school pupils residing in the adjacent territory to the hill section, in case the boundaries of the city should be extended so that this territory is included in this part of the city before or after 1945. As soon as the new high schools are erected and the Technical High School is available for other purposes, it should be used temporarily for junior high school purposes and the school program of the entire city should then be placed upon a com- plete junior high school basis. Such repairs and modifications only as are necessary to make this building comfortable, safe and sanitary should be made. When the Central High School is vacated by senior high school pupils it is reeommended that the property be sold. The ultimate senior high school program will be found in Map XIII. The Junior High School Buildings: It is the recommendation of the Survey Committee that as soon as the two new senior high schools are erected all of the children of the seventh, eighth, and ninth grades be placed in the junior high school organization. In the year 1922-23 ap- proximately 3200 children are in these three grades. The Camp Curtin and Edison Junior High Schools are planned for ap- proximately 2400 children. The remainder of these children are distributed among the elementary schools. Three hundred of these are in the uptown district; five hundred of these are in the hill district. In 1928 there will be approximately 500 children in the up- 56 town district who cannot be housed in the Camp Curtin Junior High School and approximately 800 junior high school children in the hill section who cannot be housed in the present Edison School. For a period immediately following the erection of the new high schools, approximately 300 junior high school children can be housed temporarily-in the Hoffman Wood’s High School and approximately 300 more junior high school children can be housed temporarily in the new high school in the hill section. The immediate program for elementary schools includes the abandonment of the Forney School as an elementary school center. This should be made a temporary annex of the Edison Junior. High School, and become a part of the Edison Junior High School organization. Further provision must then be made for the remaining group of junior high school children. It is recommended that the present Technical High School be utilized temporarily for this purpose. The future program for high schools contemplates an addition to the present Edison. School and an extension of the site of the present school plant, so as to provide adequate recreational facilities at this point. Inas- much as the estimates show that only approximately 1550 junior high school children will be residing in the uptown section in 1934, it is the opinion of the Survey Committee that the provi- sions in the Camp Curtin Junior High School and the additional facilities in the Hoffman Wood’s High School will be adequate for an extended period for the uptown section. This will result in the ultimate abandonment of the Technical High School for all school purposes. This building and the site constitute an exceedingly valuable property, the sale of which is reeommended as soon as the junior high school situation is permanently re- lieved. The ultimate junior high school program will be found in map XIV. 57 Finyt Are id /cHoot Buiioie Proeram. "For: Dit ins SCHOOL. le Kedi . Ki »Evemen tary Circles One Half HARRISBURG CITY Dauphin Co. Pa. f noe Hebe feds Mee in mF a overlapping. Wiiowo0n Fink 58 Map XV IAX dV j -Burdde} sero sta Y Buspy i Oo 4upoWe U} a Dow. : ch ean te ach reateat eho shen a ~\ by ow uu o ay u we, = oho veld ed EN: o “to erep Aueduoray ¢ de 0) ea 03 unin a A.LID DUNESTUUVH Soypey >IW JH 240 /apu9- no Sroore/ Aw yanaty- KYMecY) byaweg ro! Wi au/ dross / ITAX 4VN eagl fesfateien \ 7 pate ont \ YYV Y G0OMOTIY 6 ) 0 S : tan nee Ss CR as Vint iz) af ue at the woe A HEA ) sewn = 4: a ‘ 1 Hele sau? seams a} a= ca SARE og odogNd Weasgand bu & a KG \ROCg0 OU J Popp , ange 4 Zoe \ SON ‘aol vite rts 7 = ae : seruenAfuery Jo ay oaey. 6 Aaonanf | ang /issey. o ossep ha ip 4 ova: Se kt - y co MF beg 4 ‘eq ‘09g urydneg ” eye: JUNASTHUVH pes aw dry wu St 1° Sroow/ Nvinawart: “soi -BIVWILI) DIQGVNIVILY- 64) THIAX 4VIN Wa ALNNOD NikdNWO SNOGIANZ 8 ALID SANGSISAVH SOOHIS ABVLNIWII3 WJ BLVWILIN 37BWNIVLLY 61 The Elementary School program: In maps 15, 16 and 17 are shown three steps according to which the elementary school program of the future should be developed. In step 1 the following changes are recommended to relieve the conditions prevailing in the elementary schools. It is recommended that a new site be chosen for the Riverside School to the north of the present site, as indicated approxi- mately on map 15. It is recommended that the Steele school be retained and that the site be extended ; the Hamilton school, the Maclay school, the Cameron school, the Calder school and the Wickersham school be retained. It is recommended that the site of the Boas school be extended to the north and east and that an extension: of twelve classrooms be added, and such other special room facilities as are needed to make this a complete elementary school plant. If the additions to the Boas site are found to be too expensive, the alternative for this step may well be the extension of the Steele school at this time with an addi- tion of twelve rooms. This will require a redistricting of the elementary districts to the morthward. It is recommended that the Reily school which is rated as being one of the poorest schools in the city, be adandoned, and that the Penn school which hes on the very fringe of the school district, and which has no commendable features about it, be also adandoned. The enroll- ment of the present Reily and Penn schools will be cared for by a redistricting of the uptown section and a redistribution of the children among the schools which will be left as the result of the completion of the first step in the building program. This redis- tribution becomes possible because of the withdrawal of seventh grade children from the Boas, Cameron, Maclay, and Steele schools, and the addition to the Boas building. It is recom- mended that the Willard school be abandoned entirely. This is now housing high school children who will be eared for in the new provision which is being made for them. The children now being housed in the Stevens school should be re-distributed in the Harris school and in the Boas school, This becomes readily pos- sible because of the elimination of the seventh grade children from the Harris school and by using the vacant room in the Harris school and the additions to the Boas plant. The Harris school should be retained and the necessary repairs and altera- 62 . A one school. It is recommended that the Maclay school and the tions made to make exit from this building safe for school children and to make the building more presentable. Huu SECTION The best elementary building in the hill section is the Shimmell school. This should be utilized as the nucleus for future elemen- tary school planning in this section. It is recommended that a twelve room addition be made to the Shimmell school and that a large site be acquired to the south of the present plant in order to provide adequately for play. It is recommended that the Webster, Foose, Melrose, Vernon, Lincoln, and the Woodward schools be retained for the present. It is recommended that the Downey school be abandoned and that a redistricting be made of the hill section and a re- distribution to the southward of the school children so as to make utilization of the Shimmell addition. It is recommended that the Forney school be abandoned for elementary purposes and be utilized for junior high school purposes. It is recommended that extensions be made to the site of the Lineoln school and that an eight to ten room addition be made early in this step. It is recommended that the Pleasant View be abandoned early in this step and the enrollment consolidated with schools to the westward. The recommendation that all seventh grade children be housed in a junior high school organization will leave vacant rooms in the Woodward, Lincoln, Melrose, Shimmell, Webster, and Foose schools. These vacant rooms, together with the additions to the Shimmell school, will provide all the relief for the situation caused by the abandonment of the Allison school, Downey school, and Pleasant View school. THE SECOND STEP OF THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PROGRAM The second step of the elementary school program proposes the retention of the Riverside, Steele, Hamilton, Cameron, Boas, Harris, Foose, Shimmell, Vernon, Lincoln, and Woodward schools are outlined in step 1, it is proposed to eliminate the Wickersham and Calder schools with the consolidation of this population in 63 Webster school be abandoned. It is recommended further that provisions be made for increases in the elementary school enroll- ment by additions as they are needed to the new Riverside school _ plant, the present Steele school plant, the Boas school plant, the Shimmell school plant, and the Lincoln school plant. It is recommended that no additions be made during this step to the Hamilton, Cameron, Harris, Foose, Vernon, Woodward, or the Melrose buildings. ATTAINABLE ULTIMATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS In Map 17 are shown the districts of those elementary schools which should form a part of the ultimate elementary school plant of this city. It is the opinion of the Survey Committee that the ultimate plant, as outlined in Map 17, may become a possi- bility within a twenty-five year period. In attaining this ulti- mate achievement it is proposed that the new Riverside, Steele, Boas, Shimmell, and Lincoln will have become large elementary school centers caring for practically all of the enollment within the districts as outlined on this Map. As the program develops the solution to be reached concerning the present Cameron and Hamilton schools will become clear. This may result in the consolidation of these two enrollments in one centralized school on a new site, or the development of one of the present sites to the point where these combined enrollments may be eared for in one adequate building on an adequate site. It is questionable whether the Harris school will still be a part of this ultimate plant ; it, however, has been left on the plan for such use as may still exist. The Foose school should not be added to, but as in- creases occur in this section, the beginnings of a projected elementary school of the desirable size should be constructed on an adequate site further to the south as indicated. Other exten- sions to the school plant will be necessary to the east and the approximate sites for such extensions are indicated. HARRISBURG AND ITS ENVIRONS In Map 18 are shown the present outlying districts to the south, east, and north of the present city limits. On this map have been shown the possible school districts for this entire region. It will be noted that practically all overlapping of school districts has been eliminated. It should be borne in mind that Harrisburg’s development will consist in part of the in- clusion of some of these outlying districts into the city limits. 64 fs Wy \4 Sire ZF lit ipo 1 cu ‘ Y yi ) H a4 yee» ‘a (i Re Vi OOoOBEan / h x Anni cnnas in SRLEES H | fexoot Ba OS CNOnn = é / =i Vo my Wvanie + ae % dats on \ Janey: Up ‘ Ss an oO, Ippo ‘eo A 2 5 9. ff i 00 U i] “Woo 13 r) i af satel 1 é \ \ wot -Ario- ompany ie _fehoo te heco ql het @ — New Hign /erioou: a~ Teie.e ve, 7 a Dauphin Co. Pa. en % larrizbu CmeLes Two Mie Ravivs ‘Dept aces BO es Oe ARRISBURG CITY Common Tage Foyipre Hiek noor fire: -Cincte Map or dew Hie H Mar XIII ie . ne | H Se fon sU sae aie Wilowoon Pink SPO: ! | Od) letae. LT, Eis Lay, / if oh) ly) fy Wa? Aly) dak /J L ts ARTI) AIX dv (PD. Wo ge eo eet lL ‘ Sa \ _ BKQYy Kee WAY os é QA og ob : Om C-® MGB POO Gee oy 2" > en x G AOE é x » Ko ICSAS ¢ a y Ar ON at U a é. “a COs y yor, * z is 7 id , nt € YY yY CooMaTIA4 js \s ee Ba PPS e>1pul oi nk va | IC | fi a X [aes | ee San f shu [19d jooyre jo cwasng ia 75 (ro a) ail 5 ; \ ay | ole Ju, G0 4d2q- a bred Zo 0 al LI Wy ae BSH W .cseakajtel p! eae oc) i See) j cea ==-lee om | as fw Lil (He Dito UPR : (‘Ss © Ae, . esi eg EE ee Res Ne a ’ AALIQ DUaAsSTaUaVy [apes if ui -SAIBV-Y AWWW BNO $315¥I)- oe 7 / : on “SIGIC HDI “oINNE 4o dV ATDID- i) 66 APPROXIMATE COSTS OF THe ScHOOL BUILDING PROGRAM FOR THE CITY OF HARRISBURG, Pa., RECOMMENDED BY THE SURVEY COMMITTEE. Immediate program only included in cost estimates. Senior High School Buildings. 1. For the Uptown Section of the city on the Hoffman’s Woods site a senior high school building which will accomodate 1350 pupils should be erected at $600.00 per © LMCOHTE: SaaS Spe 7g ie oe a 2. For the Hill Section of the city a site of at least twenty acres should be acquired and a senior high school building to accomo- date 1500 pupils should be erected thereon Breen ou ue neir StUGCEN tes o.1 88 6 ee 2 oe Junior High School Buildings. 1. The Forney elementary school building should be remodeled and made an annex to Edison Junior High School building. 2. The Technical High School building should be altered for junior high school purposes. Elementary School Bwldings. First Step. 1. (a) Property to the morth and east of the Boas school building should be acquired and a twelve room addition to the Boas building should be erected, or (b) Alternative. Pupils in the uptown section should be redistricted northward and a twelve room addition to the Steele building should be erected. 2. The site of the Steele school building should be extended. 67 $ 810,000.00 1,125,000.00 10,000.00 wai uN A new site for the Riverside school building to the north of the present site should be chosen and a building adequate for all pupils in this section should be erected. — Repairs and alterations should be made to the Harris school building. Property to the south of the Shimmel school building should be acquired and a twelve room addition to the Shimmel build- ing should be erected. The site of the Lincoln school building should be extended and a twelve room addition to the Lincoln school building should be erected. ..c¢ calles » ous sick Oe ee 755,000.00 Total’ oes as ake ee 2,700,000 .00 hom 68