Ss 39.65 Me: bul 26 Bulletin No. 26 | March 10, 1922, MM. M. LEIGHTON COMMONVEALTH OF PENNSYLVANTA a a ee DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS James F. Woodward, Secretary BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY George H. Ashley, State Geologist COAL BEDS IN WASHINGTON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA BY J. D. Sisler Tntroduction. Vashington County has been one of the most important coal pro- ducers in Pennsylvania for many years. It contains approximately 40 percent of.the Pittsburgh coal reserves in the State. Several coal beds, besides the Pittsburgh,’ atre* mineable and can be expected to maintain the large output when the thicker ana more easily accessible coal has been exhausted. Some of the beds above the Pittsburgh coal are now being mined, but development has not reached the beds lying below that coal, because they are at great depth and little is known of their quality or persistence. In 1918 Washington County stood third in Pennsylvania as a bituminous coal producer, Bens excelled only by Fayette and West- moreland counties. The county produced 23 537 ,265 tons of coal, valued at $57,968,881, and distributed as follows: 21 , 369,814 tons loaded at the mines for Shipment; 435,417 tons used at the mines for steam and heat; 340,838 tons made into coke at the mines. There are thirty coal beds in the county, many of which are only a few inches thick, and eight are locally workable. The Pittsburgh bed is the most persistent and important coal in Washington County. The Waynesburg and Washington beds are greatly valued as producers of domestic coal; the Redstone bed is also locally workable, Washington County, situated in the sovthwestern part of the State, is bounded on the north by Beaver County, on the northeast by Allegheny County, on the east by Westmoreland ard Fayette counties, ly yy i bieqialo ie ae by why 4b on the south by Greene County and on the west by the State of Ohio. Its greatest width from north to south is 574 miles, and from east to west 38 miles. Its area is 890 square miles. The population in 1920 was 188,992, Washington County has ample transportation facilities, both by water and rail. The Monongahela division of the Pennsylvania Rail- road follows the west bank of Mononganelea River along the eastern border of the county; a branch of this divisicn runs southwest from Monongahela City to Marianna, taking in the mining towns of that district. The Chartiers and Southern railroad now under construction will connect with the Pennsylvania system at Marianna and run north from that point through Carnegie to Pittsburgh. Another branch extends from Pittsburgh across the county to Washington, where it connects with the Waynesburg and Washington Railroad, the latter railroad continuing south to Waynesburg, The Pennsylvania Reilroad from Pittsburgh to Steubenville, Ohio, end the west, crosses the northern part of the county. The Pittsburgh and West Virginia Railroad crosses the county parallel and a few miles sovth of the latter railroad. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad from Pittsburgh entérs the county. near the northeastern corner and runs through’ Washington and Claysville to the western boundary of the county. Monongahela River offers another means for the transportation ‘of the coal mined in the river district. A large part of the yearly production is loaded in barges destined to points along Ohio River. Washington County has many miles of improved roads and a great many good dirt roads that are used extensively for the transportation of coal to railroad sidings and to local consumers, ‘The many transportation routes, the excellent quality of the coal, and its proximity to a ready market have combined to make Washington County a large contributor to the fuel supply. Washington County is a maturely dissected region, The surface is hilly, The streams have erodec their valleys to a fairly uniform grade and their numerous small branches have cut the uplands into narrow ridges and hilis with gentle slopes. Elevations in the county range from 800 to 1500 feet above tide, but points above 1300 feet are rare, STRUCTURE, Structure contours have been dravm on the base of the Pitts- burgh coal, The datum is mean sea level. There are eleven major structural features in the county, all of which have a direct effect upon the position and mining of the coals. The features having a general northeast t-southwest trend are: Bellevernon anticline, Waynesburg syncline, Amity anticline, Nineveh syneline, Washington anticline, Finney syncline, Ciaysville anti- cline, and West Middletown syncline. The Cross Creek and McMurry -~ 2 « ' ie 4 f ¥ o y a hd ; . sf k P a : ‘ eas ‘ ait, ane fs Fs as ,' " . m4) : ried th oe a! 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Steere) Rae is ome g + fa ie ; ih eh oe pee *, i; pm P » '¢ ’ ee RUA. Yee| iy’ pete % a o % / b i 8 ON mi t Laer: ae ‘oh ia ar" r 4 = « ne fi oli hh) Pare . a, y . by P| Pee To a pa + i rat wn eh : f } yaa . ~ ‘ - i . ce a6 je » ’ q i L . i f | Pa q " fi q Y aie al 4 ¥ ; . at Synclines cut across the West Middletown and Nineveh synclines almost at right angles in the northwest part of the county. The Pan Handle trench, in-the vicinity of Bridgeville in the northeastern part of the county, is another peculiar local structural feature. : The Bellevernon anticline is an important structure in eastern Washington County. Where it enters the county at the extreme south- eastern corner the Pittsburgh coal has an altitude of 840 feet. The axiS rises rapidly toward the north and the Pittsburgh bed has an altitude of 1,000 feet one mile north of Pike Run. The fold in- creases slowly in height to the south branch of Maple Creek where a Sharp dome marks the greatest development of the structure, with the Pittsburgh bed at an elevation of 1060 feet. The axis plunges irregularly to the northeast and at the mouth of Maple Creek the Pittsburgh coal has an altitude of 1,000 feet. The Waynesburg syncline is a broad structural trough lying northwest of the Bellevermon anticline. The dips sre gentle, being On the average less than 100 feet per mile, and the bottom is broad and flat. At the Greene County line the Pittsburgh coal has an elevation of less than 400 feet, but it rises graéually northeast to About 700 feet above sea on Pigeon Creek. The Amity anticline crosses the county from the south center to the northeast corner, and is a broad structure with gentle dips on both flanks. The Pittsburgh coal rises from an elevation of 450 feet on Ten Mile Creek to a maximum of 1040 feet in the Peters Creek region. The Nineveh syneline, which enters the county close by the Waynesburg railroad and leaves it just west of the Chartiers rail- road, is a shallow trough having an average width of 9 miles. The axis varies much in elevation, Near Conger the Pittsburgh coal has an elevation of about 350 feet; northeast in the vicinity of Gambles, it rises to 700 feet and réaches a maximum clevation of 1040 feet along this axis at Houston. The Washington anticline extends from the Chartiers Creek dis- trict southwest into Greene County. The northern part of the structure is broad and flat, with the Pittsburgh coal at elevations of 950 to-1050 feet along its axis. ‘The axis changes greatly in elevation, especially in the southwestern part of the county, form- ing a series of domes, The eastern flank dips rather sharply into the Nineveh syncline; the western flank has a gentle dip toward the Finney syncline, The Finney syncline extends from the town of Washington to the southwestern corner of the county. It is broad and irregular on the south and rises and narrows rapidly to the northeast. It is composed of a series of troughs along a common axis, The Claysville anticline enters the county about two miles north of the southwestern corner and extends in a general northeast @irection to a few miles north of Gretna. This anticline is -~= 3« ¢ i - b ‘ ¥ iy 5 (J pe: x oO “ } ’ if. 7 ‘iy “gh ( ; sab “ 4 wi 4, e's ¥ AG] ij I ™ 4 chen 2 Ont i be “ar wht fy \ ¥Y : Be eae Ree or ¢ hilt ane | d iY mh wi ae jt 4. i eo nae \ Ny ° ( bi be ha A 04 mm i h A ef ui} - ’ 2 5 tS ay. frig ms Pa Cae yh ) ‘ a t iy 1 Re * fe hgh > , vF q } ‘ 1 I bee bs oe ‘ Aa , a Pig - oy Y Pe. | te Le : } te a Daa A Te | : a ro 4 , nt 7 © wre =a! » i) : vine Jet Gyan ! “ " " tA , : f fend } th Ke ee y it vf f f 4 ' Fe ; " ) 4 * i + ay = : ys » ay ” wig Pip pe ¢ : i] ' APO pc - ! Te a Th et \ ¥ dM ’ WR J pay —" \ t y : ye >) d , ; mh prasjail | | yp aoe oe aS Be ‘ 4 » ’ A* 2 as Ys sa ) ‘ ‘ ce fe cn & ha i iw P 1 } . ey (hiety " K i . Di ky P * ~| (aye ) f a ; 4 . ay 4 fx ? ' : ’ , , ae « in v' a he ? rey i ; wy »)) 4 ¥ * ‘ , f ~ t Mp 1 ff rh F, i } ‘ * P's , 4 es Sy, ez 4 $0, a! \ % , at hy , A a Aas * ys! PE iad NO co Peavy, Si int oa } ai ‘ ; Ti hf ! Ag Tin ae hy Sa, ie A ae ea a), Re ae Heyl ON Hes ey , ae Wh we yew De ‘ a NOD) ) A f "s. Whe POE Lae i ae)” j rs ns ‘ 4 Se} Width des / te Cte Tae” eet : - , a ‘ 4 ‘ t * Fj ‘ 7 2 \ ; ‘ed y iS t * y¥ ~ o 4 > | ai + QP 7 ~~ ? 7 " by Leg Co er ropa a eee weld ait Pesibeit“s3e ec- ea vy ent “ r Lae A a tae ie j i. Fis Os biol Rios wae a ne ‘ / vw x4 J ee. py 1 CRP SESE bai pd. A ad ib i lite ree eee a Wa ween oY es ce de Aa IC eh aaah og aS i hoeua uy j ‘ ; . ; i oy r L ‘ te 4 J 5 Lf Ay is v a AY WR vi rie rye ig Dea)! + ia ee \. Wf rf - a 7 y pate Be ing arya at ; , . ‘ vi oe t } ry Tae ETA GEER thas af ; Teak yet ws ( > oor Ln Od gt ja fe ) t vie ; : : wi J F ee | ba i “" if iar YF fl \ PG & , { rt pa 4 i . ro ry bn a Ms ca iy Ci Bs foes ROME at. or a, y , 4 i 5 ve ; i te q ' i ne Z i Ae ‘a eahidart) F bobulnes pve prey iy / ' are i 7 LOM Pe eee RE ee ia i tts ; i] { 7 vi i! i. yr q Pod \ aes hk hee, i TP rut, 4 Wt s Peas Bh but pi Bsa ag ride are ie eg %! fy Aha Pi ve anh \« Tat tees é: M4 Te, % is ; Sat ba Ae} ine Wildes > ey i : FAY oy | ; J - practically a continuous chain of alternating domes and saddles which vary greatly in elevation, width, and depth. The ‘Jest Middletown syncline enters the county a few miles south of Buffalo Creek and trends northward to Murdocksville. The east- west structure has broken the syncline into a series of basins which have rather high, and in the most part, very regular dips. The Cross Creek syncline originates near the town of Cross Creek and extends eastward to the Nineveh syncline. This minor structure forms one of. the basins on the axis of the West Middletown Syncline. The dips on both its flanks are gentle. Its axis varies greatly in elevation. | The McMurry syncline, a minor structure, originates in a low depression of the Nineveh syncline near Morganza, and extends east to the county line. The dips on both flanks are gentle and regular, and its axis rises northeastward. STRATIGRAPHY, The outcropping rocks of Washington County are river alluvium, the Carmichaels formation of Quaternary age, and the Greene, Wash-" ington, Monongahela, and Conemaugh formations of Carboniferous age. Phe thickness of outcropping consolidatec rocks is about 1190 feet. Drill holes have reached below the Catskill formation of Devonian age, but no workable coal beds were recorded below the Allegheny formation, The Carmichacls formation is found on terraces along river valleys. It is composed of unconsolidated deposits of gravel, sand, clay and Silt. The youngest deposits in the county are the sand and Silt deposited by the streams during times of high water. Their thickness varies from a few feet along the smaller streams to 40 feet along Ohio River. The flood plains are a few feet to a mile “wide.. The Greene formation has been eroded from large areas in the northern part of the county; in the southern part where some areas remain practically intact, its total thickness is about 350 feet. No coal beds of commercial importance are found in this formation, which is chiefly composed of shales, thin sandstones, and limestones. The Washington formation has a maximum thickness of 400 feet in the county. Its average thickness is much less. It is composed of bort shaly sandstones, shales, a few thick limestones, and two orkable coal beds. é ! i ‘ iit , r t; M i ‘ “4 o1 . im. Ms 4 wt ¥ He van: f ‘ Ruf dn 4 AD St ee Ry herent mrt rh nh tae | ayer! thy y oi oh be my AY ey ‘ We ot Rik i Me icy AG VSR PY. 6 * Hi oe iid eR HNMR ORInAL MUIR ORTH aA CW Uae BIE Ce OOS, YI RE Ce apa tN OD aN AR i) Mur igiges ae ’ habia yt Wot . ‘ ; Mai y ior ; a 4 1 ay hy aed iN Oi 0 he ai ade ta nitall a “i Nae wei? | ay ‘ { ee NN," aie Gata . 4, bil ias hn) deals i mij shh bl be A eth iy uf aU er AG Pee. rey ph ils i baa "i ; el ee We i pA WA TAR f aes y Bia ’ Vv ' , Aa , \ p ‘ Ti ’ ! 1 % Laall ‘ ” s4 x6! by! w er a ut) ‘ } ‘ j Ae 5 oC ee a , } Wee Wa ¢ iY $y ha wth Ci akds i ok laa t / " wave ps , te ’ vel PAT MAT eevee & | 1 iy f \ ey) ‘ 4 | | \ \ ‘ HDPE: AIRY aris a a eV i ' ‘ sytely Pa ei i bee NB omy A ll a AN yt ey le ‘ie a re he ie Mae en nip a mh f ih - : etl itt EV SEMEN NLD at us r Pie uy a wh ya 4 r ) ‘i i ! : ee ne a ti ays aay hee ha i t\e . .t Ay hy ‘ | A oo eee RAY ; : i : Nj i’ a Corea at (4 BM ee Hey. ¢ rt 4 im ; ate & i ; J yt ie lief WO | aE Ms : otf ia AN batiy nis lt Pane nae by Shh bl ON AD Net oe i y ay vena ~ s r ” ‘) j She ay > ‘ le i. + Ae A) PAS a , fi adele hy J Geyt a fi oS a Da yp 1) #) hi De nM .' ut i“ i ul ‘ me hes ie fis) 5 A f 2 ee " , | fe } F aN, } t hhh tah aes hina 4 \ : / Bh Ay MAY fw 4 Gee) nt PAL oh nl aa nh ei MN ‘i! ; ‘« i hae eas gh A‘ ) shy Lad) cae ” hey f Bs hey i hi wD IBA 5 " L pe A viv we M) 4 i Naa us? a : Lh A : 4 h i Whe! Waehig. Boa is DT v Day, Tae ed ‘ Vs Phy aM ale a i ay zit \ Mee RD BTM Pater sv | we va De ye Why oe ee co ers fi bre Be El ay be + / \" i nade arb fe : io Vevey F i é patel VP tig 0 at % ay yb Ny WiAstit Biel PRED N.S vt 7 f Aw, wt \ i Yen) i ‘ “i a d ale han } er | fats i te at i Bi i . 4 ' : 7 oo las P s Hae RUPE : ~ oe Jia tar . * A goat rig if ub 4) nt Py, 0 eT ae eek | ys { 3%, ‘ [ / aN ves ii eo ' ae a en ALY) gt At ban Ye A) \ eae? a vie , ee ty bh aMe ihag a ab ith fae Py cee ay: RO: Bie Pina t yee he fo my TON SENT AUTRE | eh ga HC erat ya Sig . | i | : Pa fe ‘ nie tka " Ar if i wat a v ey wi 8 pay Bers aio Ce ate aieine \ ple AE acide Cr aN ri A nt mite iad \ Pal 5 The Monongahela formation is the most important coal—-bearing 2 pease in the county. It is composed of sandstenes, shales, lime- Stones, and three workable coal beds, one being the Fattsburgh. The outercp of the Conemaugh formation is limited to the ostream valleys in the northern part of the county. ‘The formation is about 550 feet thick, and is composed of gray or greenish shale, sandstone, thin limestones, and a number of unworkable coals. | The Allegheny formation does not outcrop in the county, but its characteristics are known from drill records. It is composed chiefly of sandstones, shales, coal beds, and thin limestones, and has an average thickness of 275 feet. Two mineable coals of variable thick- ness have been recorded in a few drill records. COALS. . The coals of the Allegheny formation in Washington County are far below the surface and do not outcrop. The information concerning them is based entirely on data obtained from drill records, These data are limited and inadequate since most of them are from churn drill records that do not give a section of the coal passed through, and the: drillers, who are primarily concerned with oil and gas horizons, often fail to record coals, ; Two coals of workable thickness have been noted in drilling, one at the approximate horizon of the Freeport coals, and the other at the horizon of the- Kittanning group of coals. At present this Survey has.:little information as to their thickness and persistence. Rumors " among the coal fraternity would indicate that the large companies, who have, bought up considerable acreages in the county, are counting these coals as a reserve for future use, This is quite possible, for a locality containing the Allegheny formation usually has at least one valuable coal, and may have several, Again, these coals are important in adjoining areas, and it is unlikely that all of them would become thin and unmineable within a few miles, Harlem Coal. This bed lies just below the Ames limestone in the Conemaugh formation. Jt outcrops in the extreme northwest part of the county, with a thickness of 18 inches. It is geologically the lowest coal outcropping in the county. A local bed lying 15 to 30 feet above the Ames limestone, is 3 feet thick near Murdocksville, and has been opened in several places. Little Clarksburg Coal.’ MThis bed is locally mineable in the eee northwest part of the county, where it is know as the Bavington coal, because of its exceptional thickness at that place, Ina small area southwest of Frankfort also it is thick enough for mining. MThe coal is dirty and very lenticular. Pittsburgh Coal. This bed is the best known, most valuable, and most persistent bed in Washington County, It has a total she/he e “J ‘ 4 ‘Veal Vi Mas 4 tg 1) re ‘ eel Saye .) ; ’ ‘ t " “ ~ 1 Tah a Tae My AP al ' : a A» : prohe fens 4) ‘ et AN SS! ; ’ ‘ ) ly a om oe f aps Oh AR ‘i el { i , . ’ » ’ id ion ‘ i “ : ” ‘ ’ : y - i i , 4 ws ¥ 4 hy i i ui i ' ' ’ \ ee ' ' i | ad 4 ie A + y ‘ , ; ’ ee. » * ) 4 } 3 i 19 79 : » ie - ’ Tie | ' ‘ 4 i» / | 7 - ‘ ‘ wf j ‘ Lt od. { : j - ‘ F “a / {J i” A y | th (Py, i id iy , ¥ é { ’ j : uf le t Fe iy hie aaa Ai! i way ee Asinian ike bens ie ee ¢; if CAR Bf ae “ hid es vaya) < ‘ 4 } \ ¥ - * at Way + 4 t Pe wine? ete Ah i a 8 fin ih siti}: uel Hi sAeser th ye , 4 a Ghe Piatt at i a) aan A, Le reer rays Nee : heat Gy ka - a ue ay ‘ , +4 » ct oe 4 "| TAN ea aha Bit or ie ea ' > , ia ‘ 7 , i ‘a bop wy “A ‘a ete K tf AAD ) pi om i ! PS me Pe Aa sn a pele q 4 Ayel \ ys , ee N ( r ’ i h ' Dt in} ‘ file , ws J r Tae f et r ee 1) r ‘han i # { > : y 4 Naar be : om Sa w: i 4 ‘ iy i + wa a f ; tr | ir i pre) * hi 4 ieqe , ay rT J x Fi a's iy ? Heh av 3 4 A { wins i } eile | ’ j y wey " ie ls aR) ‘SK ish “ay *. BYE by ‘ Babiontens "enti: ty a : aut thickness, including clay and shale partings, of 4 to 12 feet, averaging about 5 feet. It is divided into four or five-benches by Cley or shale partings. Where the thickness is greatest, the bed carries many partings. Over much of the area a rider bed having a thickness from 6 inches to 7 feet occurs above the main bed. The main bed is 4 to 7 feet of good clean coal. Along Monongahela River the Pittsburgh bed is a coking coal; between the river district and the Pidgeon Creek district it is a good gas coal. West of this gas coal belt it is a fine steam coal. The Pittsburgh coal underlies nearly all the county, and is “lacking only in a small area in the northwest part, and in a few stream bottoms. The outcrop is limited almost entirely to Hanover, Smith and Robeson townships in the northwest, and the tovmships bordering on the Morongahela. In these townships mining is done by drift and slope; in the rest of the county, where the coal is several hundred foet below the surface, mining is done by shaft. The bed is double almost everywhere, the roof and lower division being separated by a clay or shale parting, varying from e few inches to several feet in thickness, The roof division is seldom clean enough to mine. It varies in thickness, and carries many partings in addition to several inches of bituminous shale at the top. This division usually consists of two benches, separated by clay; locally this clay thins and many alter- nating layers of impure shale and coal take its place. In the river district the lower division of the bed is 3 to 10 feet thick, divided by three persistent bone partings into four benches, namely, the "Breast" coal, the "“Bearing-in" coal, the "Brick" coal, and the "Lower Bottom" coal. In the remeinder of the county, particularly in the west, the small parting between the "Brick" coal, and the "Lower Bottom" coal is lacking. A few inches of "draw slate" comes in over the "Breast" coal. The "Breast" coal is the most regular and valuable bench of the lower division. The "Bearing-in" coal is thin and soft, and falls into slack on mining. It is often entirely discarded. The "Brick" coal is of good quality, averages over one foot thick and mines out in brick-shapec blocks, The "Lower Bottom" coal is not always a distinct bench, and is mined with the "Brick" coal. The coal in this bench is inclined to be dirty, and rather high in ash anc Sulphur, Redstone Coal. This bed is unimportant in the county, and except in a few townships alorig Monongahela River, nowhere is thick enough to mine. In the vicinity oY Hackett and Pinleyville it has been opened in many comitry banks, and has a maximum thickness ike oa feet 4 inches. In Scotts Hollow, on Pidgeon Creek, it has been mined in two benches 18 and 21 inches thick. Above Lock No. 4, on % - 6 = of ‘ chy any i ie Z Py ‘et he ye w eS sk Hee iT gut ? a Speight yn 5 ‘oie the Monongahela, the coal is often 4 ?cet thick, and is of excellent quality. Just above Black Diamone mine, along the Monongahela in Carroll township, its thickness is 2 to 3} feet: near the mouth of Mingo Creek the bed has a regular thickness of 4 feet, aA ‘ The Redstone coal has good quality in this region, a is se in umportance to the Pittsburgh bed. The POR R TRACE of Pea ey oa 1s high, the volatile matter is medium, and the ash and sulphur content only slightly exceeds that of the Pittsburgh coal. __ Sewickley Coal, This bed, lying from 100 to 130 feet above the Pittsburgh coal, is only Locally mineable in Washington County. It i 8 Na ian thickness ot 2 feet 4 inches of clean coal on Mingo reek, Uniontown Coal, This bed lies about 225 feet above the Pitts- burgh coal, and is not of commercial importance at present, as it never exceeds 20 inches in thickness, 4 Waynesburg Coal, This coal varies between 290 and 350 feet ‘above the Pittsburgh bed. . It is a valuable domestic supply in regions where the Pittsburgh bed does not outerop, although its quality is not as good as the latter bed. The Waynesburg coal yiommonly is divided into three benches by thick clay partings. ! gaually the middle bench is mined, the top bench being dirty, and the ye OWeL bench ‘generally too thin. The top bench varies from 3 inches muO 2 féet in thickness; a 12 to 18 inch cley parting separates it Ripon a middle bench: varying froma few inches to 3 feet thick, :-The eorer bench is commonly 15 to 30 inches thick, with a maximum of 4 ¥eet 4 inches. It is sevarated from the middle bench by a few inches of alay, The Waynesburg bed is a hard block coal of no coking value; AtS aSh varies from 10 to 20 percent, and its sulphur from 2 to 5 percent. : In the northern and western parts of the county the coal is variable in thickness and carries partings which make it practically useless, The coal is thickest in Donegal and Hopewell townships, on Buck, Dunkle, and Hayon runs, and in the vicinity of Acheson, , Farther north the coal becomes progressively thinner until it is only a blossom in the northeast part of Canton township, and the southwest part of Chartiers township. The coal is seldom mentioned in well records south of this outcrop. In the eastern part of the county the Waynesburg coal varies from a slight blossom to 7 feet in thick- ness, Northeast of Scenery Hill the be@ is 5 feet 2 inches thick, of which 18 inches is clay and shale. The coal has been mined | extensively on Pike Run and its tributaries, where it averages 5 = feet 6 inches thick. At Bentleyville, where the Pittsburgh bed is not available, the Waynesburg coal has beon used as domestic fuel. Tt has an average thickness of nearly 6 feet, but is badly parted with clay. In Pallowfield and Carroll towships the reported thick- ness is 4 feet, including partings. On Krebs Knob, west of Browns-~ ville the coal is 3 feet 6 inches thick, At the head of Lillys Run the bed ig double; a top. bench 19 inches thick is separated from the lower bench, which is 2 fect thick, by 3 inches of clay. The coal carries much sulphur, Saas 4 { i i 4 my} \' | ' § ‘ 3 ‘ and sed : A: i } | ; ‘ g £ ‘ ' i i} 4’ , . he ya { t ' ) t ‘ ‘ ; | A in a : | hi bp r ne by P ‘A } ~ if f ( j , dex y 7 7 ite f j 44 ‘ Lye 7 "AL H i j a | y 4 ’ ; 4 iy pa % } i i { i) x > ‘ : f prot oy ih, we \ CA \ M y nt’ h aay " » wy Ms : ‘ a i , Dian ! that, by ‘ wt 4 | an : 1 AY + ‘ : A ak | i mi) ‘ { ; ' ¥ ( r . youl tal" i oor M \ dan uh A ble fv? , t ’ * ATL, Sed Ie Ay , f ‘ ” My, ih i aety ’ “ >, ’ aN ; ' ; i y Le ts | ‘ 1 ’ ‘ ' f t ' n t ’ 1 ” » aoe b nn AEM ) 1 : Satta oa kat ats A 1 v ey ih, ub ‘ \ ‘ Ki \ moe 4 1.8) ENG in i i : it Vi ; ‘ Wet | f ! Lin . Pe ayaa ss) Th on & en ig > ty nae Ve M vile “4 Ca Wy, ue PRE RT He sent r GY arahy di AA Atk i cud, e aly gt ‘ mr ) uh ' ' Pa, a ih Oy re Ph \ I y t ‘ a Vole Md yh Vi ‘ in Re Pes bie " rn , % A) rot ; WOO ’ abe f mv if a ys vr : y Wag th as yi a Pl . . , iy yt ‘ ral Wee ; C+ ee - Ni A! ‘ ae ’ \ Nie $e) ‘ i) pare yy ) te Be Aes ase 2 ei + ny oye ee aah aie ae ‘ { ‘ rir : AON 4 ean Ont evar’ ie tar oe e. f ‘ ie " aod pciveie le i Pa a a4 By ? POLE att ay iN) bo ’ rat ates pt e ical aha a ee i BG HP 4 \ ‘ és Lat % fy 4 : A hh Th} { ‘ y ] he new > ih ¥ i yee fa Ae ‘ i - a i “ 1 ' 1h ; y « iy INS Gon tet fe ; ; oA wa L i P., ‘ * ih ‘ iu j ‘ i y wo « be r q 7 ; by yaiad yb eA I marie Bias . nt F y: fy dat 1 Re i Sty, Of ek Pi i i "y ad meee aN ls FD, uk . i 5 14° 44 a ‘a vay We hes ‘ Joa. hal a \ 5 . ; y Pr . 4 Ke, 1 way Ue LAR bie AB MS De Py led aod ct okt WR Rag ae ye ai | Lig Hy hk on “hoe ea ee i Wee My'y nae ai is {" xyel ie ) (ei Wit i Naa WU be } Waynesburg "A™ coal, This bed has been opened in a few places for domestic fuel. Its thickness in most places is less than 12 inches, although it locally reaches a maximum of 3 feet 1 inch in the eastern part of the county. The coel is very dirty and is associated with many feet of bituminous shalo, Little Washington Coal, This bed is a hard block coal free from partings, [ts thickness is rarely over 12 inches, and it is never mineable, Washington Coal, This bed is mineable in many townships, but its value is greatiy lessened by the prosence of many clay partings, ° In the northwest part of the county it is between 4 and 8 feet thick, but is very impure. The upper part cof the bed is made wp of several feet of alternating layers of clay and coal; the lower part is a bench of coal 2 to 3 fect thick. This bed isthe most important one outcropping in the western vart of the county, where its average thickness ig 5 feet 6 inches. The upper part of the bod is composed of alternating layers of coal and shale; the lower part is a good coal 24 to 3 feet thick, The coal is not important in the eastern part of the county. In a railroad cut just west of Washington the: bed is 7 feet 1 inch thick, but carries several partings. locally, the coal equals the Waynesburg in value as a domestic fuel, ; The coals above the Washington bed are not thick enough for Mining, and will not be described in this bulletin, ¥ uh ‘ ; a) ‘ 4 } FoF j ~ { ) / i } i . \ -~4 ey Bi Go WRN ae a sf / AMC Ma a | ; , J } Hl : hi owl ee J \ ( Wate , NB? . Ly y