—*. 39.65 /4: ue 34 Bulletin No. 34 M. M. 1 EIGHTON March 25, 1922, COMMON\VEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS James BP. Yloodward, Secretary BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND GECLOGICAI SURVE George H. Ashley, State Geologist COAL BEDS IN ESTMORELAND COUNTY By da Ds) SLSLer Tntroduction, Westmoreland County stands 2a close. second to Fayette County as a bituminous co?, producer. These counties produce about one-third of the bituminous coal:mined in Pennsylvwnia, and about one-ninth of the gutput of the United States. 3 - a In 1918 Westmoreland County produced 28,121,234 tons of coal, valued at $66,524,649. Of this amount, 18,961,259 tons,valued at $47,930,583 were loaded at the mines for shipment; 8,040,942 tons, valued at $16,106,849 were made into coke at the mines; 500,878 tons were sold to local trade and used by employees; $18,155 tons were used at the mines for steam nnd heat, There sre 16 coal beds of mineable thickness in the county. The Pittsburgh coal is by for the most important and is mineable wherever it occurs. The Brookville, Lower Kittanning, ‘Middle Kittanning, Lower Freeport, Upper Freeport, Redstone, Sewickley; Uniontorm, and Waynes~ burg beds are workable-locnlly. The Mahoning, Brush Creek, Bakers- town, Harlem, Duquesne, 2nd Washington coals may be utilized when the thicker beds are mined out, Westmoreland County has been a large producer for many years, and the chief source of this supply, the Pittsburgh coal; is being ex- hausted rapidly. However, there are many other beds, yet undeveloped and even unprospected in some areas, which wil* become more and more important, and eventually supply the total ow-put. Little attention has been given these beds until lately because the Pittsburgh coal has $0 overshadowed them. Much prospecting in recent years has proved thet they lock continuity. and uniformity but locally are mineable beds of good quality. ke tt At ean me 6 ¥ , : A, aan) . ee 4 ae 5 he. Meta nana ee av ities be. tebe PUTT tiie J+ ’ wy a uw he V9 ; fibre # Qocay ot tena in ay + 7 ul ty ~ / ‘ i “ ' . . ‘ 7 Dar f oe < A : E . w , ia ’ 4 weg 44s) , teas : . : yee bark) 4 | apo res 1 “ ne , eg a op iv 4 4 1 P Westmoreland County is in the southwestern part of the State, between Conemaugh, Allegheny, and Monongahela rivers. It is bounded On the north by Armstrong and Indiana counties, on the east by Cambria and Somerset counties, on the south by Fayette County, and on the west by ‘jashington and Allegheny countics. Its shape is irregular, but its greatest width from east to west and north to south is about 40 miles. The area is 1,063 square miles, and the population in 1920 was £73,568, or about 257 per square mile, The main line of the Pemsylvania Railroad enters the county east of Seward, and runs through Derry, Latrobe, Greensburg, and Jeannctte to Pittsburgh, giving fine transportation facilities to every cool district near it. Branches from the main line serve the mining towns scattered over the county, The main line of the Balti- more and Ohio Railroad follows the Youghiogheny across the southwest corner or the county and has a branch to Everson and Mount Pleasant. The Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad follows the west bank of the Youghiogheny across Rostraver township. The Ligonier Valley Railroad runs‘between Latrobe, Ligonicr, and Wilpen. The Pittsburgh, Wastmore- jand, and Somerset Railroad runs from Ligonier across the castern county line to Somerset, Somerset County. Although Westmoreland County has but few miles of frontage on the Monongahela, many tons of coal are shipped cach year by barge, cSpecially to Pittsburgh and points along the Ohio. ; oD ont art has an unusvally inrge mileage of improved roads. t OF Qe township roads are dirt, and are kept in good condition. re coal-is hauled over the roads in the eastern than in the western Yowunshipg, because they are not so well served by railroads. During the time of excessive pricés for coal, thousands of tons were hauled to sidings, but now little coal is hauled: over the roads except for local use. With these transportation facilities Westmoreland County can Ship its coal to any point. aA large percentage of the coal is made into coke for use in the furnaces at Pittsbureh; an cnormous amount is shipped to large cities for gas manufacture, the remainder is used for steaming purposes, Probably the largest tonnage is shipped to the Central States and to the lake trade, The topography of the county is diversified, Laurel Ridge, along the eastern boundary is over 2700 feet high and, with Chestnut Ridge, forms a mountainous belt. The county west of Chestnut Ridge is decidedly hilly, but these hills rise to a common level, and viewed from a high point resemble a gently rolling plain. The main streams flow across antieclines through narrow gorges;;in the basins they have broad fertile valleys with gentle slopes; Four great terraces, the remnants of which represent the Schooley, Harrisburg, and Worthington peneplains and the Parker strata, have great extent in the county. Elevations range from 2780 feet above sea level on the crest of Laurel Ridge, to 750 feet on Monongahela River, | STRUCTURE. Eleven structuraj.features cach having a general southwest trend we & & oy ~ 2 = ' 4 ’ oe . als ¢ r 4 \ - pi ul « 2% ny ‘ if is Fa \ ’ A ote . PAD os Dan Ve s a v " . ‘ a y% ty 5 y 4 "y et f ‘> a A i j ” ‘ jw i ¢ (xk » { ' ‘. ‘ : y ; ‘ ’ ‘i / f i } | a \ ' f ’ ‘ i a aa , ee | 7 ' . * “ . ‘ ” . ; 7 ¥ 4 vy. i % ‘ kha is ling ig? ee aks ar Wi , : oy Tne A he we oy > iy q Ooh bs rei ns *y (a a iy Lm, oe hte ) ie i Rah: OFS mi stdin soa Gio) : eRe AKG, ; Okc, | ela’ Per ae ih A ey Pe eet eh Ae a Rah ¢ Maa ye SRP vty Ae 4b y > yi ) MRM try a: ea pod “i q 7 be, P Iie AVE OS Am, a ¥ | : 'y een =) ‘ ’ rt ’ ; we 60, 7% Y P Ma f : , } r A iF | " as A Mesh 3: REA NG wea, “joa Paibla' ree 1 ‘ i : Din gl okie ene) a “ “it , f. ay 9; i, - my A: - De P| ales 7 ey. % ea A X iis a4 } ‘ i ne oJ ¢ Chit ; + Re yt Ot Fae wale ee yy ft, iY bee : i my ace 7 iy ‘Aly Ws 9 de aoe We Royieh Tt ee wr ae aig gata iA As “oh d t , as. " Pain . hey . eT % ee i BAN 8) ; n'y ; i e Sie ik a4 fab eure 2 Bed bY he tor vi ) et | or os mand Fh ahha Ba ai ibis A yer v e ; i \ a a ay? ‘ re ce ee 08 8 9 ae Atle BHC: ane SA aR ay RS > ‘ r ) wi P aa he ‘ ea er aes "4 mY cy Pe cae ee i pr } hit ot He i) Reick ie? Ly fe Pa rey a bse r : Ve eye ia PM AR a SOME RR Ne no Dm SACEL 2) ais maa OEE ae NN oi eb ang iy . 4 f ee he 6 ee | Pos a ae Cie 9 To aie Tee - Vhs APs digy ahaen we ae ets * he Pabw ae sn 4 a i th Vy: wr tes aT ¥ beth ea t Ny ; Me ate yi) 4 Me oral baa: De hig’ cai eRe bi R vey Vay eet eo. Bi i paeetoes aon wt ic ; : ‘ "3 ayer ed : ey Wy jy dep ft f A . e é ; ‘ 4 An ihe iy we ae) iF “< leh & \ "4 net: Bey ; j HM Le OES, ff ‘ ‘ } aa “# Pin te { ie : Walid TaN Ree PR cce, tae Y | het Q tho be. Wee CAM ey a a Ms ‘ ‘ } Yay . By wy { ey on ne ath ‘ tha hte ee Ml ak Oe ae BS hi) og Fa i 1) y on : 4 , / fy um pit t et fu. its 4 8 Rall Mu ' , " ‘d ? iy fs P i * i ] t Oey ds y 4 ’ © i ; p | 7 j i » ; ie (owen Verte ws} \ H t 9) wa he ren, “i regs A Nu ia i , taee ty aA | v 3) ' R ‘oe i ae ; + ”P ove, Tale oh! 1 ‘ - ’ F ny 5) ‘ | rs ’ ¥ : 5 5 ih rig rs ' ry sure Se ai Cie. eR . . i , ‘ft d ; tt ; s ears ry as Se Fs Ae tn aot Raed Arde oy ee Foes bs: ! Daag amy anton fa) ies a's bbs Hi aE b a ea nah aM 3 nuit mY be se We ih var any iv fais a Sr RARE et mh f ay: 7% @ decd as eehetig sianree 7 Wes $ i ~ ; Ak Pani eh cepa nau 9 ee: ty “s se ae 6 ste en Ut MS (® 5 vy eee have been recognized and studied, They are, in order from east to west: Laurel Hill anticline, Ligonicr synclinc, Chestnut Ridge anti- Cline, Latrobe Syneline, Fayette anticline, Greensburg syncline, Grapeville anticline, Irwin {Port Royal) Syneline, Hlders Ridge syn- Cline, Murrysville anticline, and Duquesne syncline,. Laurel Hill anticline, on the eastern edze of the county, is a great fold that has brought the Pottsville and Meuch Chunk rocks to outcrop. The axis is 4200 feet above sea level on the county line Southeast of Wilpen; from that point it dips gradually north and South, The rocks dip steeply but regularly into the Ligonier syn- Cline on the west, Ligonier syncline crosses the Conemaugh below New Plorence, extends southwest, and leaves the county midway between Jones Mills and Donegal, It is a long narrow basin with irregular dips and minor folds along its axis. The rise of the rocks to the east averages about 25 per cent, and is fairly regular, but on the west the rise is irregular, with local dips as high as 80 per cent, Chestnut Ridge anticline, lying west of Ligonier syncline, Crosses the north boundary of the county near Bolivar, and leaves the south boundary a few miles west of Donegal. It ig a pronounced fold, Devine, with local. exceptions, regular dips on both flanks. The * Total: Scent is greater on the eastern side. The axis varies much an @¢levition, | Latrobe syncline, lying northwest of the Chestnut Ridge anti- Cline, forms a long narrow basin extending between Blairsville and Scottdale, The axis varies in elevation as though afrected by numerous small cross anticlines.. The dips on the east flank are rather high and regular but on the west flank they vary greatly. Payette anticline, the next structure to the west, crosses the Conemaugh a few miles west of Blairsville, ard extends southwest to Jacobs Creek, a few miles west of Tyrone iliidis. Its maximum develepa ment is on Jacobs Creek and at a point west-of Latrobe. It descends about 2 miles northeast of Loyalhsnna Creek, rises again into an elongated dome, then plunges and rapidly disappears near Conemaugh River, Greensbiu'g syncline crosses the county from just west of Blairs. ville, through Greensburz to Sewickley Creek, its total iength in Westmoreland Ccunty being about 26 miles, Jt is a minor feature on Sewickley Creck, put deepens rapidly to a point 2 miles north of Greensburg where the Pittsburgh coal is 775 feet above sea level, The axis rises gradually to the northeast, the Pittsburgh coal being nearly 1300 feet above tide north of New Alexandria. The dips are regular on both flanks, Grapeville { Jacksonville) anticline crosses the Conemaugh about © miles southeast of Saltsburg, extends southwest rear Jeannette ana ends just north of Walts Mill on Sewickley Creek, The anticline hi rises gradually from Sewickley.Creek to a point about 34 miles OT Ht east of Jeannette, where the Pittsburgh coal is 1800 feet above gam We - level, The elevation of the axis decreases gradually northeast Mt ne hyn Nok Gy it Pale ‘ Due ~= 3 ay jt “Sh = tw Se J Oe | } AV i ut ] i il i j , ta tates i “My NI : i 4 ; Wee Hiry A theh \ t SJ ‘ ) y +h fs, é ek Ry hi ae x at Ne ‘ ' , ] ‘ 34h wi a " ‘ . a “a 24 b aX Mited } / 1% fev ; ne Dy cia 8 4 Ha £! hy ay PA Me a 3 vat es eM We San hi er PSTN, Dy a j Aree ye HERERO TUN a PMR PCL a Aly OR Me the aan ni » } 4 del Seer arp. ow ih P es : ” ee ee Nek oy ; saith 7, rer Ys \ ee an i yi Panes a iy Mo at ¥ ‘ Ap Ret a aA ' Pah Aah nS | ea x 4 as e) a J \ i by i | 5 Vid . - { * ‘ AY ee ow + Y ’ at oy a 46 mh : } By ne hyn A PA \w DA, Gilg hie i pe SrA See: wee merit m aye Re ae street v wee ive hi side ” a \ i i ry La, f im Sa i ey itp » , Prin by ba eye rp RON hat Hi We } ‘i i ai ’ ed | i? th i A uth} ; ‘ ' Pans Le Ne nae th) Ate Mia % yaks, ip Dyk inh Mey a ‘ A ra ig i y fy ; ay wi Pree As 4 ’ cate i ‘ fait tii \4 ; yh 4 OF tel Sern i A nt i ( he ‘ iV Ny ae hah te 3 }, VY bed ‘ cay ee. } ‘ ait x ii Ey nk ‘ ag ' fhadt , } “A } ata f Hern li ih, é 4 r LL dee he 4 Ye ‘an tah eh Hah Ye tae ne i ies i, if WA | ' t g DAM L's ie dik CHE) MAAN Be, ty myo ee NAY are We ny a uly anne , { era ; veel , ie 7 h ; x t ! a ‘Wha Y 4! f ett } ‘ yu i foi Uh ay ot 4 uP nA Es y # ii Ye R oy i p : Ve ie MeN) Sever ten vin RAMI AI SUGAR bes Iie “oe too AM a ‘ ae t \ ' vy ‘ ; fi ; ‘ AeA Nal oye, vw} i oe aN ee j AN AE TA A a LTO AWD hed Pelion ee 4 ba AOI Yea RO Nesta Hoh GaN te a a ae i rf } Ae Se hy F VN aH oH Ga at DAN ARAL Kak) SAM ie LAY URE AWAT Ly Rygbe RSME TAA ich TRU He Re hE a 6 CRE ANGE v i ia ai Raa? dh 2 " ‘ rong nik} soph 4 bayiaer ie ramiaee ss vi) A : ‘ err is tian ; j Me i SM) eS eh hues ny Ne! “E eta} alin oo i i M ) ‘ vi A Page atts ee sn we © inn Dl | th Fo ‘ 4 hy My) 7) a) (ode aid & ' (ea uty Y ay Mm) of dt , hp Lae 4 ou \y , ’ ‘ few i es es oP hii } f hi ' uf ne . \y H Ml 7 14 4 ‘i } ‘ P ty uy _ hy pe Wy! ’ “ T 4 f Wey #, ’ Ae 7 * ie . ETT ALA, Ts ae . Wy Sy Me ae A i NOMA ash EUAN Ns ay hie Rae ra { nm \ “ ‘ bie 4 f , iW , : : Ade rae (Ws | i ) , ' AI ul ehak Hac yar ie! ay ‘ +A re Wa, } , eed (ar , vie > eM 5 4 Val, . & oe 8) SPRL ie hy by a an ee) i they J " : Wa ‘ \ at ‘ fy i As dy ‘ Me AW NWs re Sit ‘ie il . { ut * ets \ ; ; : \ rl \ 4 ) mi LA ders babar ot al De. at, { 4 Nas bak i | ‘ Xt Lt a ay ‘a it a ia ) 1, hh By Py i Ny i | ‘ . J { ‘ ‘ { hiv ia he é, J J i ‘, yi ite Mt J ' 0d NOS ate y 1 \ { ; ' SPS k ie ee ie mt ‘ he BP i 4 6 SH av A ate BL LES NOMI kt ne Le ; A be a 2) J . oth ys \ i yeh U A Tae hd AES eh ey a aaa Re Boot eek oda HAMM En ni! Fail? aah nt ae] bho ait } ty HAC ANTM te OK ih 4 q APTS v A {i math Noe Ny it ie b a, Sot: or m Pe a ph vai i “sf e ind, 4 ? Ci : ly Tae yee iy ; / fray & My ' : \ ue Lae H fi st) ol AA ae : Mt ele Tag i Ay it at MMe AR “aN “i . } Av ‘ , NON! iv ne a ! a ip "s 4 y 4 N j duit ie, Oy td RO Me ie met, ni PMR | erry) f° iW, YY hat fh ae UN { Aik | pres } a i \ 7 we, i fol} i ; \ ‘ j Ps ) he rie } "4 , j < ¥ bat pay ree. Wie ie ‘4 Ae ne i ey i ie 9 » 1, Te el dd ayy, vif vie Pe ay 4 eT Ge} ' PAL te} Re bi # ie #8, ASS f al TAY ° real Dae \, 4 ‘ Le ) A i Y i Wey, Lia ¥ ee aly aU ‘ AAO re pret ae g ‘ae ' ; a) 5 ; BUMMER AA OMe oe ' WY aes. aT its 9B ca ang j =f wwe dio iy) i Fas P AP } 4 Cogn q ‘abr z Te r oh hy hg " balay WO -,ate VON vad vid ne % at . I, § ‘7 , i eer 4 a hut le ane te os . ble es anit “Soi eo LL af tip) his Miah ve fe : athe "ye + } i a 4 th ,, hes pt Wk ot Rid ta ‘aint y ingen ‘b Yi Hed if t lg y" LAH 4 re ti } { yy 4 & i ri aN TS PA , Hay cy ,) f Bi "i aa Oe ; j 7 62 brody ho ee a a Migs ( f ih Ais { ( a sf) AB PAE i! | A eben iy . + ve a feet Pittsburgh coal having an elevation of 1630 feet a mile north of Congruity. The dips are rggular and gentile on both flanks. Irwin (Port Royal) syncline has its northern end about 2 miles north of Export, and extends southwest through Manor, crossing the Youghiogheny at Port Royal just west of Smithton. In the vicinity of Herminie the basin is broad and flat, with the Pittsburgh coal less than 600 feet above tide. The basin narrows, the slopes become steeper, and the axis rises northeast to a point about 1 mile sotth- east of Export, where the Pittsburgh coal is 950 feet above tide. The axis rises more rapidly northeastward and the Pittsburgh coal out- rae 2 to 4 miles northwest of Export, where a minor roll splits the Syneline,. . Hilders Ridge syncline is really & continuation of the Irwin syn- cline with a saddle separating them. The axis dips gently northeast, and continues as a minor structure across the Kiskiminitas at Edri. Murrysville anticline crosses the Kiskiminitas a few miles west of Salina, extends southwest near Murrysville and leaves the county about 1 mile southwest of Trafford City. It is a broad, well developed structure, with gentle, uniform dips on both flanks, At Trafford City the Pittsburgh coal is 1280 feet above sea level; the axis rises rapidly northeast until the Pittsburgh coal is 1750 feet above sea level near the Kiskiminitas, 7 a 7 a je’, o mY ove : t Bae “eR: Duquesne syneline crosses the northwest corner of the county'as a broad shallow basin with the rocks rising gently on both flanks, The axis is fairly uniform in elevation, ; The northern continuation of the Amity anticline probably extend: along Allegheny River in Westmoreland County. It has not been studied, but evidently is a minor feature, , STRATICRAPHY. The outcropping rocks of Westmoreland County belong to the Quaternary, Carboniferous and Devonian systems. The Quaternary SySs-~- tem is represented by river deposits of recent age, and by the Car- michaels formation. The Carboniferous system‘is represented by the Washington, Monongahela, Conemaugh, Ailegheny, Pottsville , Mauch Chunk, and Pocono. The Devonian is represented by the Catskill for- mation. , The stream deposits are sands, clays, and gravel which the streams are depositing on their flood plains at high water. The Carmichaels formation is limited almost entirely to the larger valleys, where it occurs as unconsolidated terrace deposits of sand, clay, and gravel, The Washington formation has been almost entirely eroded ‘from the county, remaining in a few hilltops in the deepest basins, par- ticularly in the southwestern part of the county, It is composed of shales, thin limestones, shaly sandstones, and one workable coal bed. Sa Se ag ‘ : ‘ a Nd ln ie Se : rh 3° Ritn . ‘sy wy err | - ’ , re tr ‘ r i : i bay ’ 1A . 7 ne / a - ey voi i : + } i i “ats, | , ' De in eA at. A eds iv «2 HAH et on ; q we ° "4 : 1 ip, ain, BOP 7 ry Sat 2 afk nw ‘ a . a , 4 ee & ae u >. ¢ , 7 . a «iy ' , ‘ op hi , ive ‘ mH CF MLE ro Ay a in) od ie Ts ae ahr Ge hd ME a eS os re fh fine vt xe, Bea “ ete awh % Che vlan Ae te a ey ie Hi yi: hh \ ; ; . : f 4 aa ve i 6, ¥ Ht mere Rad aah aaa - 8 iy ti babe Ay ‘ Sm * ae a ea yh ae ; ia vk et "e » h ‘ ny a] 7 ty a ae ; ; Mies ‘a { a frre } é ¢ — Mele ‘ oh Bei Je une ry a ce The e's “ OURS Oe a a ” POA ae Ne BR ait ca $ e, ’ Ay r$ *ibe) > ob , oe ty se - PE OA NOIRE PORE ONT. 8 IG LO: CR Se? gia PCY ; a ‘ " > yee 7 \ iw 4 ) “ 3 i ' , eed te , f ) % ei : . ip: waa we yeh 2 ee is ve OD in a dee AYE i. hewn Y re : AP, ie No se os , hs pe ee ER eS i : VENI bee ART AON ae Sere VeeAe Siti | Te * ‘ P a, a? ‘ s d ROS Menahs i 4) ys Wied) ew j ‘ Died i : a 8 te SN 1 Ie Par hs) so } Bay dae 0 ny i} Yeo vi pet ; it " a Proves v 43 . vn week lige i j i y v aly i ; 1 ¥ " " ew ‘ ~ ee \ ve 4 Wid’ ve : * é j are 1 eet a an a.) 2 : pi ' 4 De * i h? bat i , | f ‘ Y " nd : ’ v ‘g A # on hy “ut i a ae Me we fs JAS s A { ¥, ' . v Toe oe} wi UT Tey ' ‘hie Li aN Re ee ee ' 5 ne { ae ay z 1s i: 1 OF any ' ! t rt ‘ yee aa | eke or nt hay “s nase reat ri : 4 a, ‘oe ‘a i ed . ; : k : ‘ q ’ J \ Uy eee gh depen , ‘ ae " 3 % 5 dei ti J iv ) ?h., A ¢ Para i 4 " > é dihed 7 ae Me Hee at i ae la Re 7 sn ovied h Sankt . ‘ t) nV) va » o a H , , F e ss Nyasa did wee ine it " ; } ’ Paha hy! hier WS , i“ i a bi aad { J hy , v : #'} myst 4 1 ‘Tet + Poy FY ye q Wy ‘ ‘ 4 , ’ " : : nie i i ‘ { fit \ ‘i Heahe ao | u \ y ’ ak nei / i nth : é i : N ‘ as a ree 7 41 1. , A iy dh ate \ ey ‘ a ’ Ow! ; : ¢ { re) ee 4 nie | 4 _ \ sity PA My ih. t * ; } 2 1 ! 4 y od s “oe ' w ‘ 4 Sas . rap ‘ y aot) & 4 i! ¢ , | Lt, y { ‘ r . \ pili 3 ' wily i - n my) ‘ Oh ‘ * hore inn Me ay a { mek as Aer « -* r oe ; \ f t r aw fas day bh 7 r ae | “Ae Laat : * 4 Ye . ss oye - ~ * cd ~~ i ‘ fay & ' ” \ ‘ ‘ ~ + tae re 5 ; Bakes. i * j — 4 aay iv e 4 eld . YO, | { i fa it yi \g zs, L) ‘| ¥ ¥ ' Nea | at / Sn he aa 4 aphedt' ae 4 A t : i ~ : a f y ’ 4 ; PM - { ly » ¥ ” * . rd + ‘ > ‘4 y 1 ’ . Hue ee a ee | Tlie. # . A ) : y ” hyed ’ ‘ i he alte ad wks ve L tips i> Adee: ¢ he ; Ms ft P he ' J : ve Ny ay hoyle Vi id Mh Ae od r ny «ry *2 ed if WP ? c)% ity ’ av Oo es Lah Ona Bitoni tA Rar no tke RPL A } | eee 7 - 1, a . hy Oe 5 * 7 +e , J ’ A i. 4 } Jat Busy : a ayy OPA): cl oe ui Aes fe ; ' R A oe, atthe oe ee eo 7 ‘ at aay ' ve ue BS ie) j , ‘ , J 1 . oF est ‘ f yeiart api vt rey * Sty < wl } ’ iy . 3; _. ‘ au; f hah Wy i. s HV r ree y ee er it See ah tee ype ea Fils © f d ra ¥ + 4 t¢ rs 7 a Lee | ; $) £3, pe J ; NP ¥ te) 14 al A wee wwe ine § 6) 4 g° , ch 4. fe . : ee fe { i ne PY ¢ f i al vw age! vy " a , 4 en re? th hi te fp Hy ’ a bef wie ae oe a a oy fs zs \ The Monongahela formation is present only in the synclinal basins. [It contains five workable coal beds, including the Pitts- burgh coal. The formation is extremely calcareous, with few massive Sandstones and many feet of sandy shales. It averages about 400 feet thick, The Conemaugh formation is present in the basins and on the flanks of the synclines. It is composed chiefly of green and read Shale, several coarse sandstones, numerous thin limestones and five coal beds that locally are of workable thickness, Its average thick- ness is about 645 feet. The Allegheny formation is present in practically the ontire county, except where the anticlines have raised the Pottsville to outcrop in the high ridges. It-‘is composed laregly of shale, with a few heavy sandstones, clay beds, limestones, and three coal beds locally of workable thickness, Its average thickness is about 285 feet. The Pottsville formation, ‘outcropping only on the high ridges in: the eastern part of the county, is composed of two massive sandstones, with sandy shale between them, It is not coal bearing. The Pocono ard Catskiil formations are composed of massive sand- étdnes and a heavy bed of ‘silicecus Limestone. They are not coal bearing. They have a limited outcrop on the crests of Laurel and Chestnut Ridges, | , | J Pt . ; oa 4 r ‘ H ro ' ‘Pad. ates | 8 ae Taw) a} z 6 . Mt ei ey ha) ' yh » iy ta : ?, % 3a fea > 7 te | ore + Ul J ie ‘ ay + oe 4:4 ’ y r% r 4 ’ ‘ + . i pi - , ¥ at , ‘4 ( Py BNE ; ey ; ‘ ae ) : hey? 1 i a 1) oy) iv Loe) Hi i) Liiva. eh oe ‘ 4 PS TARAS, ey 3 Aes OT RAC RU AML, et hot . Bea) ah is rw Hy) ae 4 ai a ? i ) ¥ 4 q hoe a h Rae WR ks ering) oo ak,” DEORE | He ne Ret GRO? op ates SIL Rena Folica Nigenpaod Li i nn icaaek nae bmAT AE of hoo y, 4 ns we RAG by f es ‘ae is F osdileh dt ob ws " aa . 7 , : Rs . f ; roa “iy Hauke y OO Se G % “sit agit os a gee eee L YO pe thy Wa SADR pais va ‘ a x \ . A +a 4 ? X Ver tei : Bee 4 Ml a0 y we yay yt ates an at a Fa i an, ont { ote b A ax ‘ MM ad Me “i hea) ut Nie nw 4 i Aris Bhs 6), Violins Wh deni oe ne its iy 1 it Tig se an 2 ae Ky ; ai “ 4 : 4 & Ty % Pee: a\i » 4 : " o A > é P i 4% rs a bewitd khan Ba Tee lag AT Sa PRC COALS. ‘The following table shows the stratigraphic relation of the coal beds, their range in thickness, and the average intervals between them. Coal Beds in Westmoreland County Range in Average thickness Name of bed interval of coal beds Washington —-— ee = = = eee oe fre A teeth Pe Pe ‘@) 210" 120 (Waynesburg ---~----+--+-+-+-+-+--+-+--. O - 1086" 1.5 (Uniontown - --- --+<+ 2++<+ +se-ee865 =< O orgon ( ( (Benwo od?) (145 Monongahela ( 400. {Sewickley ----+-+--+-+-e4-s5 +--+ 2+6 O 110" ( aD ) (Redstone - ---+---+-+ =< et He CUR esp auletcty che Westy) 616" f 65 (Pittsburgh adit cae eltatataY anf Vioaae) ocala PA fotes | can BY gous ,' Poe? oe! fon, |) eae sam 1 dom) Veseess 5% & Arr f 280 (Duquesne == ~- -- += 2-2-2 5+ -+-- QO - Lren 35 (Harlem — yam ~ 7,7 - = = O AIO m 60 CHAP SS BOWL eel a et ie ae ee a la O = 7tan Conemaugh 170 645 (Brush Creek -=- «8 = = wa = = = Ba AH a ee 16" 45 ( Mahon ing -~-- 2s ++ 2-7 "e727 247 - 0 Bro ( 55 (Upper Freeport ("BE") ----+--+-+-+-+--- 0 qian 60 (Lower Preeport ("D") --+-+-+-+-+-+-+-- 0 - 2110" 50 (Upper Kittanning ("0") --+-----+-+-- 0 = 5ton ( | 40 Allegheny (Middle Kittanning ("C") ---+-+-+-+-+-+- QO =- 510" 285 ( 4 40 (Lower Kittanning ("B") - ------+--- 0 = 5'0r" ( 60 (Clarion ("A") ---+---- a eet Sea ete men Ly nL ( 35 (Brookville ("A") - - - --# = +--+ = <"- O - 580" ew ay A Y VARs Uagy we 4 PY Nn nt { 7% * ; Hl eka Sec 1 t i : vd . i ; 7 es | — e ¥ oe my. a - ha mw aeeh wee . j hd GRA RO ere BACON te bs wi tet owas ort Ps Pe a4 Rs ’ i - poewtad wlavteding: Oawe re) OG AN Ome at ar | Oe Pe ¥ , \ isi mA = Viren t i - iS 4 ‘ 4 + 4 . ’ De, A Ss { ' er ae a {wl ne on eth. PR OY Be BY SS) OT Bo te CES & “ rs ee wr lihihh neem . Ly que tae inrieteceminniil yl tpt el ah nie ep te hep paar tera sn 7 . i iy ; t : : 9d x , * SX a PEL. ' i ras ‘ < a on ‘ “4, , > ] bel Y 4 by re ‘2 ie a5 4 i] ¢ J ; ss x f . * 5 ry A i . x — aD. y a t Py Pre aa 2 Lens Cae t ROM i Ne ls 2 Oe BB ) eee te | OE » bss talltin dy denaiabeatils a ae aw ear yeere we ~ AP sme Se as elves Oe ee ab eiuat al Seas Sei ald nihspnndhina arabada ; 1 - + Vi ‘ s . ; . a eS i Y c ha Sit Ca aE ee ake ee aa eee . { 4 u 4 . . 5 } AS \ 4 y ee ‘ - aA ‘ ; { hs 7 . H ‘ : y "a - ‘ tw & %, Oh ae os " 14 i 4 , a is i ae * ear eo «i we ~ mam SS weed iy BY Oo wes } fie! ay ' Th . ‘ i 4 ‘ : < z ‘ - “ ” .* « ~ om Pe! aly, ewe | - wn ~ - oe i ne beth iy oy * ' en *. x 4 4 . ; ; ie ”*, ths ; ty en 4 VA ait ‘ (ac deinae 1 r f ue te re wed i , Ait y 7 q on wh OPE Rane ne ME Nig Ul ie? ek el ARREST sl Oa ive Ee ee Mm ) } 7 . F y | w PAR a) . “ bi ; e } 1 ~ Yate . a ie rin ys F 4 5 " us ~ ‘ j ate te) 7 fied un oe (ein } oo ” » os wi - H ee ad ta we eas te oe al sae Hf “WJ fe ony nt (y F : 7 Mg ‘ pe HF, « * we + ri ‘ wt ; y - ey as “ . oe ‘ i ” " “a3 - Lees: io, ue pow ree ° a 4 ae we a ont one = en te o ‘ arts Bi tees “ee é is ee : Da . oa i , ? i , ey? i ‘ i 2 aa irs ; re ; . « vi Au serene ‘i , on % ue é ate ee oe ler we « a New oO Uk iy . fe 3 . ‘ a ‘ ek oy ' 7 ‘3 ek ie 4 } ‘ is oe ~ , ww Pe a * > . 4 i ine ” + as Amey on one . ’ ia - we wr i ah ¥ < i } © i ie hy i rv? * . 3 > ’ Y Pir) ois om Yo* ton . baa , 5 a yo ie d RE wel EN eal gl ae alee ak tt abe eee le al ge 1 hg a Fetal He AEN T. 4 ; . - ~~ - . awe res ne “ ~ ay + TS Tr) i] or) d J iy : ‘ ve i t ; ‘ ity : ‘ S? 1405 ’ ’ . 7 4 ” w* ~~ + eee ne! ” _ Se rast ds z iy i | \ ? ‘ { < ! { ¢ ' u _ The | Pi > ~ ‘ any ay y ae Tate * 4 7 on J - a any D a —~ * vad 4 4® A ; x Ary Le t } ; ‘ 1 ’ ; ¥ Ahoy ey lay ayy i A eae, ane ow thew a we ve ne ‘ae a, we ere 3 al } f Care ad i * = ey ee " Wh ey ay et fh ' - te x4 | 7 we } . f ’ - ~ “ We». iy’ # ” Ade, fT ae a a4 (i ay ’ CyS ; ye A , ee $24), ” % ’ h : ges. eel iia at ‘ Oe me a a Me ANC BND hic ih berg ms } r 4 : 4 5 ca f ‘ »} , , / . ; ay ere ny & 4y * 1 f ee a wee ae oe a se ads Wi ae { Met 7 ; =e H - e . = id | P| ' , ~ i » ae " ate , OP Re ae TD ee ee ee TA) a an ‘ . p ; ; + ’ ’ td i r » ‘, : » , 0 “ af * f ples P The Westmoreland -:County coal field is divided into districts by four synclinal basins, which are named from the principal towns Situated in them; Ligonier basin, Latrobe basin; Greensburg basin, and Irwin basin. The coals differ in thickness, number, chemical quality, and physical character in each of these basins or districts. The important coals will be discussed by districts; to avoid repeti- tion the less importart ones will be discussed with the county as a unit, Allegheny Coals. Brookville ("4") Coal. This bed, lying a few feet above the Pottsville sandstone and having a meximum thickness of 5 feet is extremely impure. Its average thickness is 18 inches. The bed was opened in the Ligonier district many years ago for domestic fuel, but the openings are now fallen shut. In the central and western parts of the county the bed lies at great depth, an@ is knowm only from drill records; locally’ it gives promise of some value. weecoLearion ("A"") Coal, The Clarion coal is thinner but better in quality than thé Brookville coal. It is suiphurous and carries many partings. here prosrected in the Ligoniér district, it has a maximum thickness of 3 fect 6 inches but is dirty. West of Chestnut Ridge it is several hundred feet under cover and may never be mined. Middle Kittanning ("0") Coal. This bed is almost entirely leck- ing in’ eastern Westmoreland County. On Indian Creek it locally reaches & maximum thickness of 23 feet, but is dirty. In the northern part of the Ligonier basin it is a thin but clean coal that may be used When tHe thicker beds have been worked out. It is deep under cover in the central and-western parts of the county, has been recorded in many drill records, and is locally a good thick coal. Conemaugh Coals. There are several thin coals in the Conemaugh formation that have no commercial importance at present. These-‘are, in’ascending ‘order: M@honing, Brush Creek, Anderson, Bakerstown, Harlem, Duquesne, Wellers-’ burg, Little Clarksburg, and Little Pittsburgh. Of these, the Mahoning, Brush Creek, Harlem, and Duavesne may be mined loeally in the future, when the thicker beds are worked out. Mahoning Coal, About 55 feet above the Upper Freeport, is a dirty bed of coal, nowhere over 3 feet thick, that has been used docally for house fuel. It contains one main sSmle parting near the middle aad several thin ones scattered through the bed. The Mahoning coal averages 33 per cent volatile matter, 52 per cent fixed carbon, 10 per cent ash, and 3 per cent sulphur. Brush Creek Coal, A bed found 45 to 60 feet above the Mahoning coal has been correlated as the Brush Creck, It is a thin coal of good quality and has been mined in mmy places for house fuel. It averages 12 inches thick, has no partings, and is low in sulphur and ash. Ca Tom Mee | ; i a hy Ae ry ' aay, ‘ tt ry i roe : , ik, at ‘elt te 1 y +e hie Ne ~~ . p, ’ » he vb mevaet wate i" ati f 5 "kate ab Pia ‘ lee #4 ett eget ‘ist : geting ‘ . oh re 7 Pe i? phy ‘aw ay | » ees BA! F + by Coen hatte Ree ee be ks NRE i Ae RC Oe He we han tg ui “ j \ Acie ve ye Eig (tf want pie : | | ih eae aula RT a Se yn ae ed pips SMA alae ae OR ESN RSI ORI a seek a ante . pita if fe Nhat: SRA he Ml S214 ‘ es Bea P Parga , ' vie Steal! f ‘ ar at we Ohh, ‘ ry 4, bs dy " J q ; es Re a Oe ad's Data eps Be Wat SED aay ae ek ied iad WRATH * e yey Bi Me bad he Pane vig Vhs we? Oe : ‘ys ‘ ; yey Pe » Pits | . c fee} é . . ne : ’ Tat Py ' diary SOY.) 2 a dnd i) : : y { te & Alf ,e EMR eR eT ye FG, ; pte } f a Hg is § * , ' . ; , ; om Bah 8 Shy Bagel \ Lil Ra! : e , | { fark > fe a , 4 ¥ ‘ ‘ rhe i ‘ ’ HY 4 8 4 ’ oh ei ‘ame vomit price 7h ss . Prone nd be * . ft t* 4 os } ‘ 4 at Ve, ‘Ahan iS) Ee ‘ lg ash cy oars, SAGE toc ahek t ) } Mt db > ; r) t. ie y wr ae q un ‘ vila “i eee ae ene Be Wier a) : PAIL Sl i 5 , _o n" & " i , Lets ars B) <4 a aa M “ AS a7) yt ee y : x 7 } fs \- 4 py 5) i 4 4 1 * : De rhe he ‘ " oe ms ymin ae \ SR Cen Min) AR hope Neen A ME Vb ot ee eh , | 3 be \ is i] ane Seal Mlb dal ieee ee ya re Mr) , , 5 aa My ‘ eax t nyt A t F ii dy ¥ st y way! : ; : ; are ( A Sa © By tae MeN ei! a? mia ‘ 4 fae?) g ‘ aut : : i 4 €; Y ' ait we. ? _ 5 7 m y » h ‘ : ‘ yet ee, «: | ¥ . y ? “s t ; end tea Vy ‘ by kay We eae ‘ Cin ‘ ’ i r BA vay ik t Te ah Ne a , ss 4 Hoe ‘ xa) CuNy ‘ ‘ : ‘ ‘ - + <9 ' ve ue ‘ 1 2 ar 4 r , ry y F aw es &. in \ i s+ j ; $°% arn tt . ©) t é H : ; 7 : : eae N denen de Fe. oa? dngyaie AN being et wr oh ry Pitt i a i ‘ 4 ) ‘ 4 i, yt ay * ; ‘ ob* ¥ ‘ 1 ie " ‘ Meg ie | Ry : t Ry % ’ L , ‘ ; ’ ay, f ‘ y \@ “p fr ab ) . - ’ Ae ae 7) * ’ i ) ‘ \ ‘ hy atl Aish Aye doe j ' i i? ; A ! " in) a iw y ae Ai : ! i ol BA » pa Pe ee at ( . 1 hi } i ‘ ae 4 - y \ 4 ¢ P r \ i Fi 4 US) nae aR Rg et ; . ’ 4 4 y Yop wey . j , rt Fay \ ty ? . . 4 ' t i & 4 { : s F ae, ' i 7% i we ; ( - “ f {* M Tate | Ie ite ‘ ante : AA Pp oy set Ie . My eet 4 ‘ j is # te et Pat a ee ‘ Aes NB ae vn, hfe Nowe are ed Bah nad EL, 4 ’ hee a i J, i f k } » is) f 4 ‘ | aie {Ss ‘a ‘ ® ‘hy bias ¢ ye rt (ys Pe ST hho Tt at ' 4 + iP) f f ‘ Ly aaa ‘aah A if of) ry Wel ‘ a ‘f. vi) Mi, ‘ ven! ~ j aa: } ‘ be * 1) fw) * } , i) 4) a be 08. ve uf oT RN oR int exci ‘ , tad Ur ? { j ; ; nat # i, , Oe yey hed 5 AS RONG VERT SA Sane hess i i ce a ' vow i, wba fj ' A] MN wo! ; t ¢ "4 p s' Cah yt Ayer T r vi , oe 7 a ‘ bik ¢ Dae i ti, ¢ Me om » gu i! j a Dae Ji spike a eg oe ‘ 4 wha 1 . : a) iy a | a ci o% coe be Pe aN nf i bys + ) vi ' 4 } ied! ow : 7 WW ve r es Sen 5 i Bazerstown Coal. The Bakerstown coal, lying ebout 60 feet below tne Harlem coal, is very irregular in thickness and commonly is thin. The bed is thickest 4$ miles southwest of Greensburg on Little Sewickley Creek where it has been mined and mistaken for the Upper Predport. Here it is composed of 5 feet of soft coal, 16 inches of caniiel coal, and 1 foct of bony coal, The coal is 52.7 per cent volatile matter, 44.9 per cent fixed carbon, 20 per cent ash, and £.6 4 per cent sulphur. ad rd t Harlem Coal. This bed, lying about 315 feet below the Pitts- m burgh coal, averages 1 foot thick and locally has a maximum of 4 feet. Phe coal is an excellent smithing and steam coal and nas been used more than any other Conemaugn coal for house fuel. Duquesne Coal. This bed has been recorded only in the western part of the county, where locally it is over 12 inches thick. It appears to be good coal but has been little used. Coals above the Pittsburgh Bed. The Pittsburgh bed is now the most important coal in the county. At the present rate of exhaustion it will last hardly 20 years, That fact has led the coal companies to prosrect the thin coals lying above the Pittsburgh bed, > Pittsburgh Rider Coal, This bed, which directly nverlies the Pittsburgh bed, locally is over 2 feet thick, but is very shaly. It is never mine@ and gives little promise of future utilization. Redstone Coal, This beé lies on an average about 65 feet above the Pittsburgh bed. It has been mined extensively for house fuel, and €uring war time for shipping coal. At present it is mined for ship- ment ina few places. Its occurrence is restricted to the hills in the basins. North of the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad the coal is very thin and is entirely lacking in large areas, It averages less than 2 feet thick, but it thickens sonth toward Youghiogheny and Monongahela rivers, and’in some places is over 5 feet. The coal is Penerally good, and the bed is free from partings, with the exception of a local 3-inch clay band near the top. Roof and bottom "rolis"” are common. The Redstone coal probably is thickest and best in the townships South and southwest of Greensburg. South of Madison Station the bed is 6 feet 6 inches thick, with a 3-inch clay parting in the upper part. In Sewickley township it is 4 feet thick in many places. The bed varies greatly in Hempfield township, but it has been opened in many places, and will be in demand in the future, In North Huntingdon township the bed rangés from 6 to- 30 inches in thickness and has been opened for house fuel, Sewickley Coal, This bed has an average interval of 140 feet above the Pittsburgh bed in Westmoreland County. It is a very dirty bed restricted to the hilltops of the Greensburg basin. It has never been mined. ey . ee " vr >» sh ne ay ee ay Mi te aes } - ; rs ri ae | j * " ‘ r ‘ 1 ‘ y - ‘ _ ! , ‘ ' .) 4 . ’ by 4 » 1 ; ‘ [ \ » Pa 7 + o ada | ° eis : ‘ em. he \r i ee >? b 4 ry sat ees an | 7 ais ee) ‘ ' i iW st ae) a ty hs aN 1 aAE Se ll 4 x eb rte). pee A acs 4 ¥ if as # ‘ma wity ae Dk er . “! hs { Li r Nine wd A. \ ' u ‘ l ‘ na % - t ory ? 4 Peas , oa a “he -f . 2 ¥ ws “i 7% : hs i J i ¥ a iy ¢. f } . “a Y , ; hiaty fi at Seo oe . ae Le : : . ‘ i + v Ait & , ~ .! a4 - I i : \ d i | e ‘ ‘ ‘sD ‘ ’ \ : ee : \, as 1 1 4 7 ‘ . ry ‘ is + é i act : i bP ae ay aes © 7 ie ‘ } f ’ * i i z eo 7 é 4 ‘ ’ <1 a \ ‘ > ‘ ‘ K f 4 i - ‘ ‘ i. “ 7 3 ; ; ‘ ¥ 4 j _ f . y ‘ - J q e vee , ° ' r } Ket A 'e ’ y me “ ; {= 2 i ‘ ’ 4 4 7 “ ‘ iF . ’ a ») a a } 4 “ih id , ea a , f iy #4 y Ph % , a " : if Halt eae a} af ‘i ‘ pers, ai t un i i- . neg . ) ‘ { “a CA - . A i et J y ¢ ’ my Gy i 4s poy TRG ; > ‘ PT wie athe 2 fe 2 wes of 4 Vea yea 2, 4 ! ne wes ’ a ‘me 6h, ee Benwood Coal, f. coal lying between the benches of the Benwood limestone in the Greensburg and Irvin basins averages about 12 inches thick, and has been opened at one point, where it is over 3 feet thick. The bed is lénticular and varies greatly in thickness within a few hundred feet, Uniontown Coal, This bec, occvrring abovt 285 feet above the. Pittsburgh bed, is thin in ‘iestmoreiand County. Probably it is thick- est in-townships bordering Monongahela River. It hes not been pros~. pected, but its outcrop indicates that it is very impure. Waynesburg Coal. The Waynesburg bed is present in the townships bordering Monongahela River. Here it has a maxirum thicitmess of 10 feet 6 inches and has been mined for local use. The coal is extremely impure and the becd‘carries many clay and bone partings, It is thinner on Sewickley Creek, but has better quality, anc has been mined. : Wasnington Coal. This bed is present only in the highest hill- tops in the southem part of the Irwin basin. The coal is soft and impure. It has been opened by farmers but probably will never be Mined extensively, LIGONIER DISTRICT. Lower Kittanning Coal. This bed outcrops along the Conemaugh, ané on the east and west Slopes of the Ligonier basin. Although it is very important on the Conenaugh, very few onenings have been made in it elsewhere. The bed anrears to be entirely lacking on Chestnut Ridge, but on Laurel Ridge it is a good thick coal, : The Lower Kittanning coal averages about 3 feet thick in St. Clair township, where it will be mined extensively in the future. At Boltz it is 2 feet 9 inches thick,:with a small bone parting near the middle. At Seward it is 3 feet thick, and has only one small parting in the lower half. The bed is thicker at New Florence, but the upper part is bony and impure, and the binder in the middle is much thicker than at seward. ‘The coal is 4 feet 6 inches thick at Lockport in Fairfield townshiv, but has a large shale parting near the middle, besides~ Several local bone partings. The bed is 2 feet thick at Bolivar, but is very dirty and high in sulphur, In Ligonier and Cook townships the bed has been opened only along Laurel Ridge. Here it ranges from 3 feet 6 inches to 4 feet thick, with an impure bony top bench 1 foot thick, ance. a thin parting in the middle. The coal, which is fairly high in ash and sulphur, is hard and blocky above the parting; below it, soft and friable. The Lower Kittanning has been mined at Xregar in Donegal township, where it is 3 feet 8 inches thick, md has only one small bone binder near the middle, The quality is excellent and the bed is free from: “rolis". Although it has not been prospected much in this township, there are indications that the Tower Kittanning may be mined extensive- ly in the future. Lah ewe lakh oe meagan adn ili uf AF eh . oe or eget cy Feet Be ahh oacaiMed ‘sek . ep ’ - ‘ - ~ , . ) i ; oe Ad 7 ¥! ‘ , ‘ f { . » iy ; rf ‘fia VEN G } Linas GF oa , y ‘ Jed lk & he Rr ate e 7 ny mE ene ytlion Hey ‘ tte UC . ; j 4 ny ad \ Fi ‘ ‘ ~ . : ne PE aa re Re of, ; : fe n ‘ j ) ' y¥ . 1 ‘ , pil , Z *) MIWA, Pee Cee : | M ‘- % Ares - i 4 1 ‘ « ay Wwewue | eau WAb ; ; ’ : th ee oe in ghibe Clie wa ‘ Va ' 16 et | a me hie 4 as, oar ‘ wy : " 3 + , , " | 44 (ube 449 *. j f he am or i rv) . ; ue ¢ ¥ — \ er > P my gen ne My { beg AS a ie ow \ he a ed ve " pe ; * ‘ a \ ms = v 7: : gi tt pews iy set ih ee " if! eae Asbo iv 4 \ ; es as , 3 h / y ri 1 4 r i + “ | i , ye oeapina ibe ry me t = * & - / ra , te y . ey -* [7 Py Oe 6 Oe een a4 Ae ¥ : tas a o Jeu - (Shee! vite ope er he a Diary ater sey ort ee Poa £55 Lee beg y é fe uy +} 4 ee . ‘ : % 7 ie F * - “ is y | sey e o » ¢ \ > y a re ky | - c i ( f SNS < Giga * oe : i: 5 - a s ~~ : f ea a . 7 vr 1 iv Y nee’ 4 \ ; ‘ ' . j . wa A P / pe A H 4 j ‘ ve { t ew ee I 4 ah Rem by, * bevy fy Pine os Giele eh et Ry. EY TARA ee RY am Ty y cup, A "] yh " ta 6 n : ayy 4 ; 5 ‘ y oa he aig Nee ae ey ay Ar ‘ iy “de Ne ti ' en ¥ (Ort Sed py ie ‘7 fet ee yA Oe Re pS " \ f yy by an FP ] ie ' , { * I iN Pe | aa H ‘ 1 id ’ j ; ld y : : at . 3 ‘ ‘ 4 ye ‘ i 4 ut » ' ; iD 4a F, “ a iv 4 ' , i es, ‘ dell mi tw * ‘ f ( i 4 1 . . ni r i" i ‘ , ‘ ‘ . om bes > ww f ” ‘ i i : Wie! , , f YY an Life f F j on } . 4 ee) oe Oo : ae > : ly ie rm J ea i- . : 7 39u RP Pe oe ae ig ees - i mes ® e ge ee 5 ae 4 Viet wD Ue ke a Fue Ws a 9 Ave ‘ t y : ok. A, ‘ | a f MT te Ly 1p eRe Be oy Upper Kittanning Coal. ~The outcrop of this bed is confined to the valley of Conemaugh River, the west slope of Laurel Ridge, end to the east Slope of Chestnut Ridge. It has been opened ina few places for house coal, but not for shipping. The coal is clean, averages about 20 inches thick, and is fairiy low in ash and sulphur. Extreme variability in thiekness makes mining uncertain. ‘The coal reaches its maximum thickness of 5 feet in St. Clair township, where it-’nas been mined for local use, and carries several thin bone partings, and a local “draw slate™ on the roof, It is 22 inches thick on Tubmill Creek, and 2 feet 8 inches thick on Baldwin Creek, In Fairfield tormship, the coal varies much but averages 20 inches thick. It has been opened for local use by farmers, and is a good clean coal, free from partings. In Ligonier and Cook townships, the Upper Kittanning coal has not been mined. Its outcrop averages about 18 inches thick, Littl» is known of its. extent and character in Donegal township but probably it will not exceed 18 inches in average thickness. Lower Freeport Coal. In Donegal, Cook, -and Ligonier townshirs the Lower Freeport coal ts thin: and irregular, at most measuring £0 inches. Jt has not been opened, but appe rently is clean and free from partings. ) On Tubinill choca Peirfield township, the coal is 2 feet 8’inches thick including a 3 inch clay parting 11 inches from the bottom, and 2 inches of bony coal at the top. On the Conemaugh it is 2 feet 10 inches thick, with a 1 to 3 inch bone parting 10 inches from the botton, The coal is hard, very high in fixed carbon, medium in esh, but high in sulphur, . gu St. Clair township , the bed is Seeroniel y irregular, rangi from a few inches to 2 feet thick, Exanination of the coal is dif cult because openings vores to supply local demand are now fallen snut. Upper Freeport Coal. This bed is easily accesSible in every township in the Ligonier district, and hasbeen mined in many places for local use and for shipment. Tt is extremely variable in thickness and quality, but is a very valuable coal in some areas. It appears to be thin on Laurel Ridge, thickening toward the center of the basin, ‘and to its western outerop on Chestnut Ridge, The ‘bed outcrops on the west slope of Laurel Ridge in St. Clair township, and has been mined extensively for custom-coal on Bsldwin Creek. It averages about 3 feet thick, and is good, clean-coal, though locally it carries tyo or three thin sh ale parting , and a-few inches of bone coal at the top. The upper part of-the bed is a hard coal with brilliant lustre, the lower part is dull,-friable, and rather high in sulphur. <—% , ; . ‘ ft f 4 Why, (phe IA intl i) rm i t i ; hea i hh ' , th ewe ay nyt j fr A i ¥ ‘ * / ; , aie dere f i : No Sp 4 ARON SL By | j ht ' é : : 1 t | 4 CY Py yt Py Segre (omar RYU I : a 4 ) / Ny ‘ ely . b : ¥ , ne has pie ’ f , f . 4 \ ( 4 v7 ‘ (y, | 4 | ae be itt hud 4 Ove a iF . 4 ] 7 if ai ye i Vi 6 a ARS oa Ae | . Vera a we \ 1 \ UY a mh 19) 18 Gas i fy t} PRY A : ny : 5 ' ; 4\) i , Ly ‘ ; e ; ee ph \ eb 4 ied yy Ta dete + r \ ayy ney | ® i f , | : F n 3 ‘a é , ‘ 1 ‘ : ARUN ee ; {') ! roy ' a) iol i Bi, } ‘ . 4 1 { , \ ‘ 7 ri =" iy fi fy ( dal: vy yi Hy ae HY i ha! h idee ts, phy gra y { { ‘ aN Kron Me AR ) Th weak | De hi ‘ i ink Se Wi i * , SAA w ahi deta ork avlingt JF i / ‘ i , . Hs \: ‘ ' He. pany ee by f , ' he A Re SE ‘ < y f . Vf fF ; Ae PRU ETS ayer Ee werk y ‘ 4 wel \ ' am j Mh Ak , ; WMS ps Sei We ' OT, ah ie Red wihe Dik Pe Cerin Ya Wy ae LN eh Ue ND LS EY h W) 4 i Tyan es) as ORR 3 ) | { \ ‘ ana 4f) A ey eave , ‘ Da AR ee } Jo Wh V8 hay peek a peal Hane aa Fy Ae Wg H gh agate Pho aE Uh ts f iahy | 9) TON Dut : By ahh Bak TN TOMI Eae Boa G8 A ye NI Be OR ie j t’ ‘ h i i Yai et %y “no \ ayy! a ava ah ko ah eae Le dae hd dn) ™ ‘ , an a4 : ; eae ol ) , Hi iv Ane oo wth nt) ‘ w + , r ; ‘ be : “ Wh ' Pay | " bi) ‘ y 4 Fae | } y q ‘ races 4 rf fy) ' ! Hed 4 h y RS } See Sih ( n a Win ih i) , : " t win d ry }! - vie : i) ; % I y, fn 5) ‘ i iy) Rr I i ae f . Ay 4 ‘ i Dati ; ie ; ( vis , h ih j j f nb A ! ree hep? j Mar fe Lie ll ANU We My Ve ae Be N {A} eds ea a eee reer ET aAa: Mie This ca eed Biter ie otis A yh 4 i j 4 | ' ' qr , cane ae ie acl ms Pp ee vf 4, s, ik ee ve, ; : Wate ba 4 BE DE ESA hae e Gm tn We fi LAA yeaah Fi Ay ‘ \ View : f bi f : i { j ; ij i q AY be) ey Arie (up , j r #4 ; ‘i A kere) he AY : Laos along the western slope of Laurel Ridge, give promise of great future value. The greatest thickness of the bed on Tubmill Run is reported to be 8 feet 7 inches, including all impurities, The upper division -is, 3 feet 5 inches thick, with a 1 to 4 inch bone parting 12 inches from the top. The coal is hard, brilliant, and fairly low in ash and sulphur. The lower division, 4 feet 6 inches thick, is separated from the upper division by an 8-inch shale parting. This lower coal is dull, friable, and carries pyrite nodules as the only distinct impur- ity. The béd has a maximum thickness of 7 feet 5 inches at Lockport, including @ 22-inch clay parting about 2 feet above the bottom. The coal is hard and high in ash and sulphur. The fixed carbon is also high.. The bed averages between 6 and 7 feet thick at Bolivar, where it is mined extensively. Bony coal,10 to 12 inches thick at the top of the bed, is the principal impurity. Pyrite makes the bec rather high in sulphur. In Ligonier township the whole bed is 5 to 7 feet thick. The upper division has a maximum thickness of 4 feet 4 inches, and is invariably divided into two benches by a 2 : * eal " ¥ } : ‘ ; we Bie ee 4 i ~ ; a " | | ra . aie ’ i \% ae Ik } ; ae oie 4 had r ‘ ¥ al j . , 7 i ay a : ‘ sf 4 ‘ pris t bh. « RN, 7 a 4 . prone ’ ‘ { U wa me - ( ya i Y ‘ hy UM gn y i if » si “ ’ % \ i j A , ‘ ay ‘ s fur if? 7 rit , 4 aoe ‘ a a he er eed ‘Mt Le r 4 * : , mn e | i t ’ 4 r 4 \ Bat ; ery F ry wry Me , re | ds pit ot) t nar ‘ 42 i |p ‘ J ‘4 LU Mi ah S y, , “40 4 : yar eel ] | eet fe | ited ot ie. cin j " = / } | *, " ‘ ve : n a LAs " ; 4 1 - } qu , sy } oe 4 ‘ ey a bel é 4" ram | ' ‘ ‘ yi { Rhy | PLY dea » r 4 %, * rot oa “f - Ps { a iat o- , , ue ° . ” i . 4 64 ol ; ¢ ‘ ry ni Sere at Wy 24 } 4 } | ina 4 i pos \ i Abi “> ‘ hm ye om ¥ | t) kat« % Hi f Tis i r / PES + wh} 4 J 5 er Way ey Pe te i aaey j f { au i be vo as if re ° i sg lahoaorany iLempyes Bai y i dy bie " (rn! hi 4 pote i ye / " fr ty ’ bay Oe ee A by Lk « , : nk " f ; 4 ' te Vag A A ME th a vy, i Ad ’ " ' Wr8) ca ’ 4 a 7 ey ie al yk Seem « Ay par ey bcs. ob tees Cate ts ek! ae Maer od arian Ee ain rae - » ud 5 dg % dae, Pree, ay Ae a : N oan : 1 ae Mana ate ey ty A sae ‘ee RAB } ; ” F a7 pine ‘ . ; iy } yy SF i) t (Pe 4 " j ‘} \ ! i i, } ey , ty , i ; i MAGS ~ od , ee i a iby ‘ee rl 1" } b FES BA TR CORMAN hes ae ¢ . : } Mind i ON Se ONES y's alain: teat x: : ’ . ¥ J , een $y 4 \ . Wiye a) hh phy Ne Le WAN al 8 oe Gpigen!? Ww Wh 4 Mina Pry ge) Owe, ¢ Ae 4 ‘ F j ie Pe ae ae ye ee 4p it ae it , , : % * uf wat bs ehh} 1 Mow, | i ? 3a j : y ans nine oes srlsdith] to ead / ah Le y ? q ; ” eh ys } A : hey i , hel ahs aly ehh tate Pa A ra al i id ' ie Daf ft ¥ ui se Mees ’ "a wh +. d' a t bh ty) ‘ {Ab . e 7 At ; oh Lei re hid th ND hy 4 4M ve , be yh , tae pe ae a 4 wi 5 MF a Re 1 HW My a Cr - * , i f fs Ay) 045 4 ” ie iA Ad pone ayer meg! eae OOS OE Res y alt WoL Pa: 6 ine } ry mM i iy PGK Rl ht is fh SO hb ’ ui L } © i iy a 8 da ‘ 4 ay ok: / ] A ~ ‘ ee! iy y ¥ - Ricge, 4 coal, probably one of tl Zittamming coals, lrins feet below the Upper Freeport is 3-to 4 fect thick " there oe 4 Biles north of Long Brifgc, it is 3 fect 3 inctes t - that probably is the Upper zittanning has becn ore ned 07 Pi southwest of Loyalninma Creek, arf is 5 feet thick 2f 2% of shale in the riddle of thé bed. On Chestnut Rize ez of Latrobe, a bed 100 to 130 feet below the Upper Bye S feet thick. > ? +> Chestnut including . - * , £f 44a ino = + ’ 4 coal in the Zittaming group hes been recorded in many oil eané érillings t ro 2 gr ee Cant ae =% - re - aa’ Fad oeecr sre S fae ; g2 z I anees from ea few inches to 4 feet thick. Lower Preeport Cozl. This bed, lying about 60 feet below the —_— ~ —- —--= Se oe = JO J tt iL Upper Freeport, is extre-ely v2riczbic in thicmmess xd is entirely es : 3 2F1i2 > af nmiczmess, 2c 18 envirely tacking in lerge areas, ts greatcss thickness probably is ee > e ‘ : Ss AP =e: = = fiir Bf SS Ls Ji Guwly iw Jit LZ Castern outcrop on Chestmut fidge. 4 Sm : afi ts — - L Upper Freeport Coal. fhis coal is the nost important bed in u - _ ---— se sbi UU S Sle V vo a SS . e » zs —~ d -_—_ «> Se) Bi £5 wel is vViLiVa lion 4a) @ terge area. The Upper Freeport co2l ms been mineté extensively for loenl use on the western slore of Ghestmt a geet Ah iy a gi A aL z . ss ve} 535 w= as W& EE . ™ She Fee if wv i7 uy’ arn Derry nd 4 : : 2 nity-and Derr, townships. Just north of Zingston, near Loyelheanns Creek the coal as 4 feet thick, an€ clean PE ee as S ere a he ee ant > - Cie2n. su OuUnNEStOw he bez 4a A Feet 5 inches = ick ‘3 cl x », : a * ed ~ Sea os So = vue we —_) = Cec & v 2fivilts wD mick. including 1 inch 3f clay 2-feet 10 inctvs from the top; Mill Lr , ee - E —-= oe t G LU imcms trom tHe top; on filler Run, 4 feet 4 inches thick, inciuii 5 incl e : : , 4 teet 4 inches thick, including 2 inches of clay one foot from the bottom: one nile south cf Ra - 6 pcites «Fp igie settiet ae cludi 14 m> one mile south ci Derry 6 feet S inches thicz, in ; a: . “ ~ a - . es 7 * — ee +-iw+-4 _—-=- ang 14 inches of srale 2 feet £4 inch:s from the Potton. The coal thickcns north = Loyalhemna Creck, 2né st of 7D « aa ans OFtn Se LOyaineriia Crceca anc east cf: verry measures 7 feet 2 inches. inclucin= 18 ims er ee eee % = Qs —_-— . ae aA im ii Ss VS S i? £ A LECT co anches from the bottom. Just east of berrr a Aleta Ee e Chest ae = - > => — : GS : 3 1st Of res ae hs ve ’ wd Ji s8&iiso, Y Sis- a-k&® COL Vix std Mae Ridee,. th: coal is 6 feet 3 inectes thick, ircludine 3 inenes of - FSI ae je g = = — 4 = witli, fiw BAG Lit es Fein wo Oz ghaie iour feet from the bottom: Fhe i 3 t J ; from the bottom; Fhe coal is opened 2% rmeny pisces between Derry eng the Come rau >> ans =a — dite en * rays +s ——--L -= sUC © 7 VOTE i an, ama 1S < tO © 1€t whicz. < Pittsburg Coal. "he Latrobe Ahetn sr>eritace =52 rarthe rn a4 ah = 26 Fo DSSin 2ECluces sac norenern ez Gf the Connellsville cokine coni fielé.- The Pittsbure ig ie eT roe : * eo Z2cism £ Sf £4 @ £450 Si GesdulrEe.® cecal nes Ere Sare coking quality as 3% Connelilsyv: i? e-ce-t in the : nM s a& VUE LL So’ 2-S, Sele & an Ge 2res northeast of Latrobe. : Ba eg ema ~ i > +7 — co} = > - > -_ = _ a The ‘Pittsburgh coal in the Latrobe besin consists of 2 roof Rivision, @ mein clay parting, ami a main 2 from the ot) ohogpanteyer ig alge sang aegis ; ateé ir he coe D ow by of are Th x 7 - 5 wed Ss aw St & ee ee be 10 a oF ami:e ecazes > Lad : Wm aet : > oe} _ : + This bearing-in™ bench is underlain by = bench 1 foct thick, which, from its biccky character, is yenerally known ss t! epee a : ” 2 . ay = ever, if zcmeraiiy smonnm eS tre : > ; » € ~ — > > _ > . ee e Jn impure bottom bench 12 tc 15 incles thick is — " ~~ a > * — ~ - par rom the “brick" coal by 2 thim bom perting. This bench 4 = ee 4 oe —_~ is generally so impure that it is not mined. . - 12 - is we yt sua. ¥ —v i’) = Veen? Oe Tr . Ly oa ty ‘ A Sp Nie we US Fakb. Sas Yat be iy “onthe \ cA ; ay I iC ve ‘ ‘ ‘| ‘ . Nene ; iN Mle go Ue SRD On eg Las ¢ [aks | ae | BY f f v H why i D hm Vee 1 hoi \ : } ‘ A j am hat a hie ("4 ' 4 : eh 7 af 7 “es | , : : . id ae me res ) “i yeh pe : Mah bait f Pri Wy “yi von vue f f vry ry lad \ i" 4 i ‘ i { 4 i 1 » b 4 7 . , J ," * ut ¢ i | ‘ ee i et ia a a lel vs eT tt T dy sie iy reality 1 ey qi WD bier tar se) | ii ‘ yas Wink eh a eae =") PEON) ap ASR . PT ‘ re, "eg : ‘ % a me ie ie Meee ee ‘head ne ae ae Pd ; hve he . i ; ' 7 =) ra y hah mn) A Ch eA i Pe hs SAM ty ay ee ‘ j + f; 1 ' ’ } my “ 4 uF ¢ ; i ’ ri ay Pa f A 4 y sd » \ i * } y , ‘ i" \y ’ PY \ , 4 ay a 7. A aN 7 ; y ; - f ’ é ri Mf ens ‘ > 64, R . 5 ur : , ' ‘s tit is de Cit eae f i] : | ‘ MA: vin wf bi rt eet , an v4 ; i Weara ler vey! yey AE baat 0 y os) ial y hy t 4 rs . ¢ m sie iy “pry f) LY ah ie * 4 ’ ; ly ny he py a? i ‘ i Vat af i a | : ; ‘ ' le he ily he ei) f oiy él Hh ” a H 1 Ay Lape ay One i”: fy 7 j i , i 1 is 7 : 7 an . ’ i y + , une) t rae Pear ve Ai, \ t ¥ ih P - uJ ; ie . £ ? ’ ‘ : aD EY oo a oar os" ’ fur peony ‘ ‘ kwh Fw 4 i ‘it weve f ¥. ot x j pone . * j \) ; if ‘, ; 4 | q ee Og omer ee ra i ‘ ee, ee ee t Ye ¥ | i i 4 ead ‘ee . - t 4 re Ne ae, E ‘ é 7 ' 1% “ 4 yn” s 1 is i J es ; oe mere 4 af 4 23 Z a 4 he i 4 ‘ ms ‘ * I p41. wei io eet “ip 'p re eh real if ert i Ae Dein / i POV ¢ 5st an | pat oop hey wan f Ts rehy 4 ‘ a ict , ¢ ~ “| * is y's ‘or.’ i TA, art: mit = i (ste : ish % 3 ere ‘helen hea, Cote ’ 14) tod ve) un ¥ ‘ ‘ ; deo ‘ ft Th ca 4 ist Lian ‘¢ ? ) MPs 3) ’ wie } ; ¥ ; 4 Perit fia ah ‘ my hvh 7 v ; nt Vy j nue 4 '/ ha Wy ifr Loe 8 nh a i : i oh fli J 1 i ; - ’ i” Pal! tdi het? The Pittsburgh coal is 5 to 6 feet thick at Millwood, and carries the characteristic impurities;. near Blairsville it is 6 feet thick, including 14 inches of bone-two fect from the bottom. On Union Run iv is 7 feet 6 inches thick, including 14 inches of partings; at Beatty, 7 feet 11 inches thick, including two 1 inch partings. Here the lower bench is very dirty. The coal has the same characteristics at ‘ihitney, Hostetter, and Baggaley. At Klondike it is 7 feet 9 inches thick, including two 1 inen clay partings. At Mammouth the Pittsburgh coal is mined by Shaft 110 feet deep, and is 6 fect 6 inches thick, including a ¢ inch bone parting three feet from the top. GREENSBURG BASIN. Kittanning Coals. In the Greensburg basin’'as in the Latrobe basin, the Kittanning coals are under deer cover, ar@ their correls- tion is uncertain. Records of diamond drilling indicate that one of these coals, probably the Midcle Kittarming, is of mineable thickness locally. Lower Preeport Coal. This bed, about 60 feet below the Upper Preeport,is continuous but so thin that it is not mineable in the Greensburg basin, Upper Freeport Coal The Upper Freeport is by far the most’ important coal in the Allegheny formation in the Greensburg basin. It ranges from 35 feet to 6 feet 1 inch thick in Loyalhanna township. The quality is good, but usually the bed carries two or three shale Or clay partings.’ This coal has been replaced by sandstone in most Of Salem township, and in the northern part of Hempfield township. in southern Hempfield township, near Hunkers, the conl ranges from 4 feet 11 inches to 5 feet 6 inches thick, including a 2 inch clay parting 22.inshas above the bottom. Near Ruffsdale the bed is 2 fect 6 inches thick, including two clay partings 1 and 2 inches thick. Pittsburgh Coal. ‘The Pittsburgh coal is primarily a steam coal in the Groonsbure basin, although it can be used as a coking coal after washing. It is soft and friable, but mincs out in good sized lumps, Its charactor is the same in the Latrobe and Irwin basins. IRVIN BASIN, Kittarning ‘Coals. The Kittanning coelis lic deen under most of the irwin basin, end are known only from Giamoné drill records. The Upper Kittanning aprears to be absent; the Middle Kittanning is thick enough to mine in large areas; the Lower Mittaning is thin, lenticu- lar, and mineable only locally, The Middle Kittanning bed is 1 to 5 Yeet thick 14 miles west of salina; 2 feet 10 inches thick in southeastern Franklin township; 3 feet 8 inches thick in northeastern North Huntingdon township) and 3 feet 7 inches thick’ in northern Sewickley township. These thicknesses may be local, Poet fea ‘ « ur fel® vat 7 * ¥ Ne Patna: : . ‘ f ‘ » i ’ 4 a ‘ * a A ~ . ‘ ‘ \ } Vay, ‘ : i ' : vg , i wae 5 ” . \ ys Fj , . by ; 1 ee soa , . / ny y 4 i wey hae ee OD pen mrs i * . t f ng a eae tet 5 , ’ * vit FF “y ~ Ag i # Mares ae hy > ° *' » * e-em bd ; , te weft * toe, ih mah {e ¢ ('bhy RT bo Seg yeh Peaetal) Hee aye cs ee ae ‘ ’ N } ; Ot OniE iat ere, “ty * y Cy ae F P - ve f a Y oy 5 nal ‘ : ra 7 . ais HF mot ' i r ; f > U { : yee yet ; > Ms . .? z - a N eae i \ hae ’ - - at . / , : wes he * -1 » r a a a ; : p. 1 a - pee J ‘ ‘ aA . j as i yued - . ‘ ’ * 6 4 \ i thy: ‘ ‘ ‘ Toys i Y 5 v, ‘ ’ , - ye a y i ALR ipak i P Bs bs i 4 ca ’ Hy . z = - ’ “ r sie $; " Ne ee 7 y i pty 7? 4 r ie pa myteel ? : a ‘ ‘ + sy ’ " of : of ; i : : j wu) mm Af nm rf 4 4 4 4 ¥ > oe ye / . 5 ae TY “EF Tina f : tee’ ee WVila i ‘e l rn ; F . : : ’ ee Oe e; a fl f J yf me f] *% fe fg "ie ‘ a! yt |: Yin oe ma, wet Pe hy a ine Sepae te ¥ , § 7 A ry’ ‘ fo ia Re ? * sige » -% Ke Jia ae’ 5 ' Sa Wa A Shia nen A Nae VIG % 0 nt he . ‘{ _~ id - rs » Mea, . wi. ghd @ g = > Mie f ‘ i ‘| ‘ j 4 ; ’ ‘ "+; : aes | | The Lower Kittanning coal is 2 feet thick in southern Franklin township; 2 feet 2 inches thick in North Huntingdon’ township; and 2 feet 10 inches thiek in northern Sewickley township. It is either very thin, or entirely lacking in Rostraver township. ower Freeport Coal. This bed is lenticular, and nowhere over 12 inches thick in the Irwin basin, Upper Freeport Coal. The Upper Freeport coal is the most impor- tant coal in the A egheny formation in the Irwin’basin. In Alle- gheny, Washington, Bell, and Loyalhanna townships, it ranges from 3 feet to 4 feet 4 inches thick and generally is clean, except for local bone partings, In Upper and Lower Burrell townships the bed ranges from 3 feet 6 inches to’5 feet 8 inches thick, is very dirty locally, and carries several bone and shale partings in addition to a few inches of bony coal at the top of the bed, The Upper Freeport coal is "faulted out” by sandstone in southern Washington and northern Salem townships; in all of Franklin but the northwestern corer; all of Penn township; in northern Hempfield; and Southern North Huntingdon towships In Sewickley township the Upper Freeport ranges from & feet to 4 feet 2 inches thick, and usually carries two or three clay and shale partings, -The bed has a local maximum thickness of 6 feet in Ros- traver township. ly 33 per cent.volatile matter, 55 per cent fixed carton, 8 per cent ash, and 2 per cent sulphur. I+ is a soft, friable coal that breaks up when mined. ) The Upper Freeport coal in the Irwin basin averages approximate- Pittsburgh Coal. .This bed has been the most important one in the Irwin basin in Westmoreland County for many years, and is now approaching complete exhaustion. It is the standard gas coal of western Pennsylvania, and is used with great success as a steam and by-product coking coal, The bed is in two divisions, as in the Latrobe basin.- The upper division is composed of alternating bards of coal and clay, and is too impure to be mined, It is separated from the lower division by 10 to 12 inches of clay. The lower division of the Pittsburgh coal averages 6 feet 6 inches thick in the Irwin basin of Westmoreland County. It is | divided into four benches by thin bony coal partings. The top bench 1S called the "breast" coal, and is from 3 feet 6 inches to 4 feet thick; a thin bone parting separates the “breast” coal from the "Dearing-in" bench, which is from 4 to 6 inches thick. The "brick™ coal is about 18:.inches thick, and is separated from the "bearing-in" coal and the "bottom" coal by thin bone partings. The bottom coal is ‘impure, and rarely mined. The lower division of the Pittsburgh coal averages 6 feet 4 inches thick in the towmships north of the main line of the Pennsyl- vania Railroad, but thins to an average of 5 feet 10 inches in the Se Ree Pigs! ye , ; y rere ie) at Abie be er : aly WW ao ie | 4 h ‘ hh On ia A ae ~ %, ee gy bunt i 8 eva ie ii a % AN a aie i% | “ MeN ae ft ‘ “A ee ts We ul as Fs Basta ees as ) N tv, “ He ¢ ‘ €-,' ; 2 7 ; lay Shee, a of yh AIR Pb Ge Ris He, ee ty ‘tae ny . 7 ‘ i J ne 44 i ' on ee 4 i be ee ; ms) Se ae fT i we ne te ' ee +) R \ ¥ ‘ oa a ) N was j \" q Wy . , \ ‘ ‘ ; ‘ a 1 7 ‘ 3 , c ‘ male " 0 ) ae ‘ Va a tte . OT ah ings ee : p ‘ a tak har ‘> Ry le ae? ahs ahy r:* Hi ki ? say ‘4 eS ah " o ee “s La 5 ai * as pei ye'? roy , Pak > Sean ge PEA ak | hs ha on i as aie as) Bhi Poe ake an. Riel Re. ae wy pips’ OL iad I" Mi tt Li y D : ire aon te ey e ‘ Une. { is) as OS A, a, ' t F f - bd ‘ M fi sy , ‘ my 2 » io o p 4 ‘ 4 2 r 4 fi ¥ > y b | ee Oe, aS ts eee Ms am 2 ads ioe Ott ey SA a 3 : fi : Pals P y Pies Why ’ wt Deyo wet ec i ER ae RL a iy j ‘ “f fA Ji es ya ery cy be Ee pig Mee BS ‘ot 4 | Coe : : " sas e. eo ean i . ’ Hu Meee 5 a . Gee hh Set © 4 : ha . i ‘ , a As . 4 1. al aes pe ei HO 4 »? ie i.) mi teniy id ' ‘ mr way ty ; * t ‘ ; MM ¥ bal s L aga 4 A ae iat pets a ee is) ’ ea ty m Lapras obit A i} Ar : : 4 a RT ee eo Sis ecaeit ~ ‘ i : ; 5 i Be i “ , ean Oe Oe ee iy th et SLANE oe aaa ee Rete ee ie Te Ako Niky hak Devan bey GR 4 ep thet Rady nuns ees omich Rov ane Ne dl ae mcd v ; } i Ta MOR abs es ies ies Rs alia He br a Per an “ ¥ ‘ hat ( ‘ ‘y of bill , ry j by by rt tinid \ a) ‘ 4! Merney otealdle eae ye ah iets PN? ai he ave PARE eee r i 4 DA per Weeh A 'y i a, ‘ f 4 Rope fd A tm Sao tee te vi) * Nf j ‘ ‘ my pus lh ain a , Bet v Lt etna Hv ; Up $\sim 3 Ts i oll Vit Meee i) nS, e ‘¥ if ee eh iv 1a pe fi ; et a MBER.’ Se a 4 4 uF 4) he i eal) ' ‘ i ‘ iz ‘ : ¥ ; yd - A ee % at f ‘ at : é'™ : tk if ty ' . ' ‘ { ‘i ty hs : ae PA! tar 4 fe ’ sae ey ' pe? ‘i yh S ie ad 2 f dad’ y ra. a a f , ye ragn n A eo VR f i. ' , cup rep Det Mary bag he ane Fee I i ay ba , didinpd ae” oF de 1 eur fl i ? vf ‘ 1 em) ot ae A as Pe tay, ad NSA Greer pia 1) a ‘ aby bye ae Care eo ee heey t,( Pa ‘iy (iv ihe ia cree: aa Oe ra) them Tite IR B88 i ' , Ua als aly ota X an ‘ F " he nati hy oe i a rene iy | wanee ar mon tr mk a a a ff i & , Sif Laat &; ag. » a ap gel i GP Bites, Hee amabease AAR:, TOs Ae a wy Eh i eos ) ; i oe . D9 es hiro i) iN Oi we vt ate i Fr : + wile res of ‘ ; bhatt oy PA tie ‘ ~ j Red én nae ’ ey Pay Gat fees By 7 ae! i : ar > pee A ‘ é, ip ih . f J s . sitcin, gueh 4 1a ely nes oe ada , f a a ee ee ie pd ports AM OR, se Mee 44° f > \ , ‘ Fl ‘ 7 , ‘ . ) i Sel ed / ‘ pear ae a! fs zr SA | if townships south of the main line. In the southern and western parts ed South Huntingdon township, it locally averages 7 feet 1 inch hick, The Pittsburgh coal in the Irwin basin is soft and friable. It ranges from 32 to 36 per cent volatile matter, averaging 33 per cent; 55 to 58°per cent fixed carbon, avéraging 56 per cent; 6 to 9 per cent ash, averaging 7.5 per cent; ,.8 to 1.5 per cent sulphur averaging 1 per cent. - 15 = Amn nee ee ee _.. UNIVERSITY Ba Ss oa ae TTD ina | 7 ‘SCE Tae las ! 5 =" iT ox 4 ay 4 wD AAD ne } ay ' i is p kK J ’ nd Weil, Gabi eet Ty ; : ? he a vs ih Ay 5 ‘ t } a) ‘ * . 5, i i i t i { Fi \ | « ‘ . - Lae ‘ Pee f { \ i ' p