WERSITY OF ILLINOIS “BULLETIN. 
 us Issump Warxry . | 
 VINO MVR a pikes November 25, 1918 . djs i ge No, 13 
 
 {Entered as second-class matter December 11, 1912, at the post office at Ur haan thi ails, under the Act of August 24, 
 1912, S aatceioacte for ean at the e special rate of postage provided for in section 1103, Act of 
 Ostober 3, 1917, aubtoriied Jaly 31, 1918} 
 
 oe DISCUSSION OF THE DEVELOPMENT 
 AND NEEDS 
 
 “SOF THE 
 
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 AND THE 
 
 ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 
 
 ‘ PUBLISHED mY THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 
 a URBANA, ILLINOIS e 
 
Return this book on or before the 
 Latest Date stamped below. A 
 charge is made on all overdue 
 books. 
 
 University of Illinois Library 
 
 Ree BO ayn 
 
 27214 
 
AaYNLOALIBHOUY AO INAWLAVdAC AHL AO AAVLIS AHL Ad GaavVdaAg 
 “LSVHHLYON ONIMOOT ‘ONIMAANIONG 40 HOATIOI) AHL HO SAdNV() AHL AO NOISNHLXY AHL YOA ACALS V 
 
A DISCUSSION OF THE DEVELOPMENT 
 
 RDO NEEDS CUNVERSITY OF ILLING!S (le 
 OF THE ADD 
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 AND THE 
 ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 
 
 PREPARED FOR THE INFORMATION OF THE 
 
 PRESIDENT AND THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 
 BY 
 THE DEAN AND HEADS OF DEPARTMENTS 
 
 1919 
 
 URBANA, ILLINOIS 
 
 Lo} tay 
 
 uPA 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 THE NEED FOR TECHNICAL TRAINING AND 
 RA as ty ae a he ye eT tT 
 Peers URCUS OF ALEINOIS . 2. ce ace ee . 12 
 Serra esOurces. lolly. 4 fae eee ee 12 
 eC Crs ae ier era et ee i 12 
 Seerreeuninesources ©) oy fg ee ees 16 
 Bemreeninicral mesources. 8 Sy oe eee 16 
 Perma evieine sslunGrics. igh byt ss na ake es ee ae, LS 
 emer a1OTM Ist Lies at tenn. ern. SRO ee Ad 
 PEMA EAT OLE Nini. 1 -)) isso ee cee ea te 1G 
 Population Statistics) . . 19 
 The Value of Education in se eecicerncin af ‘he 
 este Ole NES Later isa ao ae Ge uct we a ee QU 
 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLLEGE OF 
 PavGrtINUERING ~~. 2. Ce ees, barked waa crag ah. 
 The Department of neni SHRM a Tae hos aineaet 
 The Department of Ceramic Engineering. . . . . 29 
 ithe Department.of Civil Engineering. . . . . . $i 
 The Department of Electrical Engineering . . . . 38 
 The Department of General Engineering Drawing . . 34 
 The Department of Mechanical Engineering. . . . 34 
 The Department of Mining Engineering .. 30 
 The Department of Municipal and Sanitary Erneee 36 
 The Department of Physics ete 40 
 The Department of Theoretical and ee niiedt a fechente 42 
 The Department of Railway Engineering. . . . . 44 
 
 THE ALUMNI OF THE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING . . 48 
 
 THE ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION bial ge eesti 
 Dee eat ee le re lg) ee eS 
 DE OAMUINE IE DEX etl iyt eg eek Say Vege) ge ah EDO 
 (Povuctauve ivesticavions. is fone. “Seka, on 64 
 
 Ae eA Ost. cae ea eS Pe a 66 
 
CONTENTS (CONTINUED) 
 PAGE 
 
 NEEDS OF THE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND 
 OF THE ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 72 
 
 The Staff of Instruction. . .\. . .7 \) 70s 
 The Maintenance and Extension of Equipment . . . 74 
 The Engineering Experiment Station .. . 7) 2geeeen 
 Buildings and Land ........ ..” | 4) 3 
 Summer Surveying Camp. .. . |...) eee 
 
 THE PROPOSED BUDGET FOR THE COLLEGE OF 
 ENGINEERING AND THE ENGINEERING EXPERI- 
 MENT STATION FOR THE BIENNIUM BEGINNING 
 JULY 1,1919 . .. 2:0. 4 rs 
 
LIRECT 
 
 G 
 
 @PR 1> "I9 
 
 THE NEED FOR TECHNICAL TRAINING AND 
 RESEARCH 
 
 Ors experience during eighteen months of war has 
 
 fully demonstrated the value to the Nation of the 
 men who have had scientific and technical training, and of 
 the accumulated knowledge developed from scientific re- 
 search. All the ingenuity of man has been applied in the 
 
 advancement of the art of modern warfare, and conse- 
 
 quently the work of the engineer, of the chemist and of the 
 physicist has been of as great or possibly of even greater 
 
 ‘importance to the successful prosecution of the contest as 
 
 that of the fighting men in the Army. The need to solve a 
 great variety of new problems quickly has demanded the 
 best efforts of our engineers and scientists, and the marvel- 
 ous results of their work stand as monuments to their 
 ability, efficiency and patriotism. 
 
 The rapid completion of the National Army canton- 
 ments and flying fields, the construction of enormous 
 plants for the manufacture of explosives and all other 
 munitions of war, for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen 
 and for the housing of labor, the construction of our emer- 
 gency fleet and of the astonishing dock and other terminal 
 facilities in France and in America, the network of rail- 
 ways and telephone lines in France, the development of 
 vast cold storage and other warehouses for the maintenance 
 of our Armies in France, the organization of the motor 
 transport and tank service, the development of new devices 
 and processes to combat the cunning of the enemy, the 
 reorganization of the industries, the remarkable work of the 
 chemical warfare service, and all the other achievements of 
 America, which have required the proper coérdination of 
 science and industry, have excited the admiration and 
 respect of the world. . 
 
 7 
 
8 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 Many people in America have regarded our vast nat- 
 ural resources of soil, coal, oil and minerals as practically 
 inexhaustible, and they have wasted these resources in the 
 most prodigal manner. With the methods of coal mining 
 now employed, only about 50 per cent of the available coal 
 is recovered, and as a result of wasteful methods of prepa- 
 ration, transportation and utilization of coal, the percent- 
 age of available fuel in the ground, which is finally usefully 
 employed, is so small as to excite the apprehension of 
 engineers. Similar conditions prevail in the extraction of 
 oil from the ground, although engineers and scientists 
 recognize that the conservation of our oil resources is of 
 fundamental importance to our future industrial develop- 
 ment. It has required only a short period of war to show 
 conclusively that this country must provide for a more 
 effective regulation of the use of our fuel and mineral 
 resources, which will insure maximum efficiency in their 
 recovery and utilization. The attention of engineers and 
 chemists must be directed to these problems, and it is only 
 by a careful scientific study of these important industrial 
 and economical questions that we can hope to prolong the 
 time required for the exhaustion of these resources. 
 
 As aresult of the war, industry in America will undoubt- 
 edly be stimulated, because it has been forced to depend 
 upon its own resources and develop new products which 
 heretofore were imported from abroad, and to overcome 
 conditions the like of which this country has never before 
 met. For four years the principal nations of Europe have 
 undertaken no construction except such as was essential to 
 the prosecution of the war, and for nearly two years a 
 similar condition has prevailed in America. During this 
 awful period the destruction of property has been appalling. 
 With the advent of peace, the need for the reconstruction 
 of the industries of the nations at war, and for the extension 
 
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION ) 
 
 of new industries developed because of war-time necessity, 
 will present problems, the successful solution of which will 
 have the most far-reaching effect on the future of the 
 countries concerned. America must play a leading part in 
 this reconstruction work. It must supply competent men 
 trained as engineers and as scientists to assist in the work 
 at home and abroad. It must provide the means for scien- 
 tific and technical training and for scientific research to in-. 
 sure that the country will never again return to a condition 
 involving such careless waste as has prevailed in the past. 
 
 The response of the colleges and their graduates and 
 students to the Nation’s call for help has again afforded 
 striking proof that education develops in men and women 
 a fine sense of patriotism and responsibility and a spirit of 
 service and self-sacrifice. These qualities in its citizens are 
 important and valuable to the State in time of peace, and 
 they are indispensable in time of war. 
 
 The war has demonstrated not only the importance of 
 technical education, of science and of scientific research in 
 the solution of important industrial problems, but it has 
 also shown some striking illustrations of the value of educa- 
 tion to the individual as well as tothe Nation. In the organ- 
 ization of our Army and of our Navy, it was early found 
 that in most branches of the service a college education is a 
 distinct asset, for the advanced training of the individual 
 rendered him more adaptable and more successful in meet- 
 ing the requirements of the service. A few striking illus- 
 trations are typical of a condition which has been definitely 
 recognized by Government officials. Thus, in the Coast 
 Artillery Officers’ Training School, it has been found that 
 practically all the men without a high-school education 
 failed, that of the graduates of high schools 98 per cent 
 _ failed, that of persons having two years of academic college 
 training 60 per cent failed, while of those persons having 
 
se) COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 two years of engineering college training 40 per cent failed. 
 It was further found that among the graduates of academic 
 college courses only Io per cent failed, while among the 
 graduates of engineering colleges, the percentage of failures - 
 was so small as to be negligible. An investigation in several 
 of the so-called ‘ground schools’’ of the Aviation Service 
 has disclosed a condition somewhat similar to that described 
 in the Coast Artillery. In fact, the importance of an educa- 
 tion has been so fully recognized in the Air Service of the 
 Army that recruiting officers have been requested to rate 
 men according to their educational preparation as follows: 
 College graduates, ‘‘very favorable’; not less than two 
 years of college education, ‘‘favorable’’; high school grad- 
 uates, ‘‘neutral’’; partial high school training, ‘unfavor- 
 able’’; less than high school training, “disqualifying.” 
 
 In every branch of the Government service a college 
 degree has counted for much, assuming that this evidence of 
 educational preparation was possessed by men whose per- 
 sonal and physical qualifications were acceptable, and dur- 
 ing recent years the demand of the industries for technically _ 
 trained men has been far in excess of the supply. During the 
 past year the Government has spent $200,000,000 on vari- 
 ous educational processes designed to prepare young men 
 as technicians or for entrance to Officers’ Training Schools. 
 
 Examples of the importance of technical training could 
 readily be multiplied indefinitely, but the value of educa- 
 tion and research has come to be so generally recognized 
 by the people of this country that 1t seems unnecessary to 
 present further arguments in favor of the proper mainte- 
 nance of institutions of learning. 
 
 In the following pages an effort is made to show why 
 the people of the State of Illinois cannot ignore the condi- 
 tions which lead to industrial prosperity and supremacy, nor 
 the agencies which will advance the industrial and social 
 interests of the State. 
 
THE MILITARY VALUE OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION 
 
 COAST ARTILLERY SCHOOL. Fr. MONROE, VA. 
 (Letter Maj. Gen. FW. Coe to Adj. Gen. Sep. 8, /9/8.) 
 100 men enicvinG Z__ Tees | O 
 High Schoo! 
 epg only. ae NE OF 
 College 2 years. 
 (academic) 
 College 2 years. 
 (engineering) : 
 College grad. 
 (academic) 
 
 College grad. 
 lagivesring) me 
 
 aT OO 
 Raa oO 
 
 ma /O 
 
 FAILURES 
 
 5S.M.A. RECORDS. A study of 440 cases. 
 Less than High (Frepor? by 0.8.Lawrence) 
 School grad. OO 
 
 High Schoo/ 
 gradvates. 
 
 less than 
 College gra Teg 
 
 College grad. 
 Pour aes) 
 
 Mechanics 
 
 oes 25,7 
 
 ms 7 
 
 FAILURES 
 
 ea SO 
 
 | THE MILITARY VALUE OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION 
 
 FAILURES IN SCHOOL OF MILITARY AERONAUTICS 
 PER 100 MEN ENTERING. 
 
 S.M.A. PECOROS. A SrTuby OF /498 CASES, AT AUSTIN, TEXAS. 
 (Report by T.S.Painter) 
 
 V.S.CaS, E=EELEESENESES 2 <S- SEE PI SLOT TTY 
 AUTO 
 COU FU FS. C= 6 EEE 
 DALESMEN {eos EL 2S LS 
 
 NS.CCOAS, EZEZEP EELS 2 7 ETE IS ETT ESTES TD 
 MECHANICS § COU. 3 FS. CED | <f TID 
 Tora. EAE 2 I EES 
 
 M.S. CAA §. EET ITE TENET EITC SE IIE, | [EEE IE GT TEE I RI TE LOTT I TE 
 CLERICAL \CO/. 3 Yrs. —=—4am— 
 Total RE 2 3 SEE 
 
 VS. CAA 5 CEILI ES ETD IOI F 7 AOE ILE EEE ET I EE ED 
 FARMERS \CO/l SY/S. || 
 Tofal S/o ES 
 
 LS. CL ALS , ERIE MET ELE ELL SEEDER TEEN TITEL 
 LAWYERS \CO//. 3 yrs. =: 
 Total TERY 6 eB 
 
 HS.Crad/s. =n 5 
 PROFESSIONAL CO//. 3 (S.C 5 Mme 
 | Zora/ wee 
 
 HS.Crad5. || 
 STUDENTS } Coll. yrs, Sama 
 : Total cars mem 
 
 VL}. CLEA 5 ELIE EADS EE LELELA, 3! SBE ABN DEAE IP BN PELE LATED SA 
 SALESMEN \ COU 7S. YS / 5 TS 
 Jota/ CECT ESN? 2 5 TEAL REGEN IE IG 
 
 Nore: The line marked "Total"failures covers four classes of men in each group, 
 and may be less than the line marked “Coll. 3 yrs." failures, but the 
 failures in the latter class are always the smallest in any group. 
 
 II 
 
12 “COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 THE RESOURCES OF ILLINOIS 
 fi eeee prosperity and relative standing of any common- 
 
 wealth depend upon the variety and extent of its ‘ 
 
 natural resources, the diversity of its industries, the acces- 
 sibility of necessary raw materials not produced within its 
 own boundaries, the location of markets for its surplus pro- 
 ducts, the extent of its transportation facilities, and the 
 intelligence and initiative of its people. In America few 
 other states lead Illinois in the possession of resources which 
 so fully meet these conditions, and in no other state are the 
 possibilities for future industrial development so promising. 
 
 Illinois has an area of 56,665 square miles, 56,043 
 square miles being land, of which 90.7 per cent is in farms, 
 and most of them are under cultivation. Because of the 
 fertility of its soil, the State has for many years ranked 
 as one of the leaders in the value of its agrieniturat 
 property and in the gross annual receipts from its agricul- 
 tural products. Thus, in 1910 the value of all farm prop- 
 erty in the State was estimated at approximately $4,000,- 
 000,000, giving it first place among the states of the Union, 
 and in 1917 the gross annual value of its farm products 
 was $842,042,000, which was exceeded by no other state. 
 
 Below the surface of this great agricultural state there 
 is an area of approximately 36,800 square miles of coal in 
 seams of sufficient thickness to justify mining operations. 
 Of these vast coal resources, estimated at 201,399,808,000 to 
 240,000,000,000 tons, only about one per cent has so far been 
 used and rendered non-recoverable. From the latest avail- 
 able sources of information, the total estimated value of 
 the coal mining property in the State is $160,000,000, and 
 the value of the coal mined in 1917 was $162,281,822, plac- 
 ing Illinois third among all the states. 
 
 In addition to its coal resources, Illinois is a large 
 
Illinois 
 lowa 
 Texas 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Kansas 
 Ohio 
 
 Meg In 
 
 DS EIN ae 
 
 __ 
 
 ——, 
 =—~-w— 
 
 ES ESAES 
 
 WU ° 5 CMLL SPREE EB SLOE 
 
 a a) 
 
 Wh CUMULUS 
 
 NewYork 
 
 NoCarolina 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 leer ene 
 
 . VALUES OF FARM PROPERTY 
 
 and FARM PRODUCTS 
 
 Arizona a a 
 oe ame 
 Nevada te gfe 
 R.Island coz Value of Farm tat 
 szzmems Value of Farm rrepeny. 
 or GEE Peder in Value of Farm Products, 1917. 
 Total Value o ‘ofal Value o otal Value of Total Value 
 Farm feapeste Bon Products ‘arm Property. noe Pro se of 
 Iinois £3,905,325,075  *%598,936,470 No.Carolina *537, 716,210 £176, 322,078 
 lowa 3,745,860, $44 586, 72/, 824 Oregon $28, 243, 782 80, 876, 44/ 
 Texas 2,2/8, 645, /64 430, 33/, 2/3 Mississipp! 426, 314,634 1/72, 708,578 
 Missouri 2,052,917,488 429, 742, O23 : 
 Aansas 2,039,389,9/0 389, 464, 299 Arizona 75, 123,970 13,113, 850 
 Ohio /,902,649,589 388, 435, 236 Nevada 60, 399,365 12, 684, /43 
 NewYork 1,451,48/,495 353, 296, 632 R. [sland 32, 990,739 8, 089,938 
 
 The Production of Petroleum in Iflinois 
 
 Petroleum Production in 1917. 
 
 in millions of dollars 
 
 Okla. 181.6 
 Cal. 86 
 Kansas 67.1 
 
 Texas 42.8 EEE 
 JLUNOIS 31.3 memes 
 Lovis. 17.2 = 
 
 Coal Production in 1917. 
 Penn. 2588 in millions of tons 
 en REL TR RE RTE 
 W.Va. 86.4 Es 
 ILLINOIS 66.2 summers 
 
 Marketed Production of. Petroleum in Illinois, 1913 to 1917 inclusive. 
 millions of barre 
 
 in 
 1913 23.8 ee 
 F100 9 peers eA PY EE RS ERS 
 V1.5 S90 ESSER EDP 
 VSUG 17. 7 Samaras a PARTS RP CT RT EE ES 
 1907 (5.8 ipememerceper aes cee or SRE SPA SE TIO ST EO 
 
 Value of Petroleym Produced in Illinois, 1913 to 1917 tnclusivé 
 millions of dolla 
 
 Data furnished by 
 State apie acs Survey Division 
 falf, Chief, Urbano. 
 
 13 
 
Comparison of the Mineral Resources of Illinois 
 with those of Other States 
 
 COAL - VALUE IN MILLIONS. PETROLEUM- Valve IN MULIONS. SAND & GRAVEL- VALUE IN MILLIONS. 
 
 Penn. 3520 Okla, $67 [== Penn. 2.7 === 
 W.Va, “45 a Calit 36.6 == Ohio 26 == 
 LL 646 ms “Le «8186 = NY 24 = 
 Ohio 2426 Wa 45 GB “he 1.9 = 
 
 CLAY PRODUCTS - VALUE IN MILLIONS. CEMENT= VALUE IN ANLLUONS. PIG IRON- VALUE IN MILLIONS. 
 Ohio 366 EEE Fenn, 203 wuummmmms «= enn. /49 = 
 Fenn, 22.7 @E==E Ind. 73 (= Ohio. 905 ===ERI 
 NJer (60 == Calif 63 = MLL. #2 VE 
 444 48 GEE MkLe 49 NY 22 
 
 Tora. MINERAL PRoOouCTS OF THEUS. IN/ISIS - VALUE IN MILLIONS, 
 
 LOBE ASO AAR SLL RT LT IIT TES IE IE EEE BESTE SO ST EE 
 
 2. Wa /35 = 
 
 3. JLLo. V/S5 EE 
 
 4. Ohio (05 EEE 
 
 5. Calf 97 —Ex=s 
 
 6. Mich. 34 EE 
 
 7 Ariz. 2 EEE 
 
 8. Ment 6&8 HEE 
 
 9. OA/a. 6/ 
 
 18. ldaho 33 [== 
 
 28 La. /6 OF UE ie (ssc aee, publthed spa 16,talF 
 by US. Dept. of Interior 
 
 38 Fla. $a 
 
 48 Del. (ale 
 
 Progress of Center of Gravity of Population 
 in the United States 
 
 Lased on 1910 Census 
 
 Wa sig “—. pates, 
 
 it~ 
 
 : / 
 Ne a \ MON Taya 
 
 Reson 
 i 
 -—- Vf ILLINOIS, 
 
 i NEW MEXICO 
 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 
 Legend NS ‘ i 
 1) Center (RelA, Siege of Population ( (1910). Ms LOUIs/ANA 
 Same. 
 
 aN 
 yi tersections Of 1 sip specie et T~ 
 + Locators of former Intersections. Y 
 
 Center of Gravity of Mineral Output. 
 Center e of Sen Ye orn Production. 
 
 14 
 
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 15 
 
 producer of crude petroleum and of natural gas. The pro- 
 duction of oil in 1917 amounted to 15,776,860 barrels, so 
 that as an oil producing state, Illinois ranks fifth, —a change 
 from third place in 1915. 
 
 The “mineral center’’ of the United States lies within 
 the boundaries of Illinois. The State produces some lead 
 and zinc ore, and it has the largest zinc smelters in America. 
 It is the largest producer of fluor-spar, and it has extensive 
 deposits of sand and gravel. There are also vast deposits 
 of clay and limestone, and Illinois now has come to be one 
 of the leading states in the manufacture of cement and 
 clay products. There are still some undeveloped natural 
 resources which may assume importance in the future. 
 Thus, there are deposits of ganister, glass sand, and oil 
 shales which may ultimately become of considerable eco- 
 nomic importance. 
 
 While Illinois has generally been characterized as an 
 agricultural state, it has for many years occupied a leading 
 position because of the importance and variety of its man- 
 ufacturing industries. While there have been no reliable 
 statistical data since the 1914 census report, it is interest- 
 ing to note that at that time [Illinois had an investment of 
 $1,943,836,000 in its manufacturing plants, and that these 
 industries produced annually commodities valued at $2,247- 
 323,000. At that time Illinois occupied third place among 
 the manufacturing states of the country. Whether these 
 relative figures still hold is uncertain. It is true, however, 
 that since 1914 the development of manufacturing in the 
 State has been rapid, and that because of cheap fuel, the 
 variety of available raw materials and the convenience of 
 transportation, the State should make progress which 
 would carry it beyond the position which it now occupies, 
 in comparison with other states. 
 
 The transportation facilities of Illinois are unusually 
 
16 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 extensive. According to the Illinois Public Utilities 
 Commission’s Report for 1915, the total mileage of steam 
 railroads within the State is 23,897, including double 
 tracks and sidings, which is probably exceeded by no 
 other state, although Texas may have a greater effective 
 mileage of such roads; the total mileage of electric rail- — 
 ways 1S 3,448, which is exceeded by only three other states; 
 the approximate value of all railway property which 
 may be considered as an asset of the State was estim- 
 ated at $1,438,000,000 in 1913; and the gross annual 
 receipts from all railway operation was $250,125,258 for 
 the same year. | 
 
 Not only has Illinois remarkable railway facilities, 
 but it possesses relatively unexploited waterways, which 
 undoubtedly will sometime assume greater relative impor- 
 tance in the State. The Mississippi River forms the 
 whole western boundary of the State, while the Ohio River 
 forms a portion of its southern boundary. The I[llinois 
 River is navigable for a considerable distance, and this 
 stream, in connection with a canal system now in existence, 
 makes it possible to go by water from Lake Michigan to 
 the Gulf of Mexico. If a deep waterway from the Lakes 
 to the Mississippi is ultimately provided, it may greatly 
 increase the prestige of the State as an exporter of food- 
 stuffs and manufactured products, and much of the apparent 
 advantage of those states which lie along the Atlantic sea- 
 board may be overcome. 
 
 According to data compiled in 1912, the total wealth 
 of Illinois was $15,484,450,232. At that time the wealth 
 per capita in this State was $2,660. The total wealth of 
 Illinois was exceeded only by New York with $25,011,- 
 105,223, with a wealth per capita of $2,626. It is inter- 
 esting to note that Pennsylvania had an estimated wealth 
 of $15,457,530,277, with a wealth per capita of $1,939. 
 
lL. 
 
 va 
 
 = 
 4. 
 5. 
 6. 
 7. 
 
 13. 
 14. 
 15. 
 16. 
 
 46. 
 47. 
 48. 
 
 TOTAL VALUE OF MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 
 OF ILLINOIS AS COMPARED WITH OTHER STATES 
 
 —-Iisi¢— 
 
 New York TF RAR NEAR SLIP Been EWES SES a UE aR Ne BORE DUNT SE 
 
 Pennsylvania ST EY SOE 
 
 ILLINOIS De Seis SS SPO eR a aN SN we] 
 
 Ohio EES REP Ey 
 
 Massachusetts fe ee SPER ER. =e a eT] 
 
 New Jersey PL 
 
 Michigan REESE 
 
 Maryland cE, 
 
 Texas Leek] 
 
 Kansas AGREES 
 
 Iowa Fa he] 
 
 Nevada r 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 New Mexico i 
 NewYork | $3,814,;661,000 Maryland %377,749,000 
 Pennsylvania 2, 632,350,000 Texas 361,279,000 
 ILLINOIS 2,247, 347,000 Kansas 323, 234,000 
 Ohio 1, 762, 806,000 Iowa 310, 750,000 
 Massachusetts 1,641,373,000 
 New Jersey 1,406, 633, 000 Nevada 16, 083,000 
 Michigan 1,086, 162,000 Wyoming Il, 224,000 
 
 New Mexico 9, 320,000 
 
 KS 
 
 . 
 xx 
 
 food Bs ote 2 8 : Se eee 
 Producte\ eee 
 $86,/3/,000 Metal Industriess 
 pee (BI, J. by, 00s es 
 Clothing eee ee 
 
 ates 
 Sircatateresecenesnstatntatoeeoetocoe 
 food Products i BS see 5 
 rotate 6505 ~ 
 
 $542 423,000 $66,481,000 
 
 Liquor & Tobacco 
 ‘81,021,000 
 
 SS SSN SO \ Wes 
 { discellaneow ~ 
 J $86,289,000 \\ 
 
 RQ gs 
 
 LEGEND Total 
 Directly concerned with engineering. 
 less directly concerned with engineering. 
 
 Value *733, 091,000 
 
 VALUE OF ALL PRODUCTS INCREASE IN VALUE OVER 
 MANUFACTURED IN ILLINOIS. COST OF RAW MATERIALS OF 
 —1I91I0 — ILLINOIS MANUFACTURED PROD- 
 
 UCTS. — 1910. 
 
California 
 Iowa UR 
 
 Texas RRS 
 
 MassachusellS seamen : 
 
 Arkansas es onues 
 NorthCarolina mums 
 Mississippi som 
 
 oming a 
 Delaware a 
 
 Wealth of States - 1912 uN 
 
 New Yorke 26,011,105,000 Arkansas */,829,521,000 
 ILLINOIS 15 484,450,000 No.Carolina /,807,573,000 ||| | 
 Pennsylvania /§,457,§30,000 HMassissippi 1,344,860,000 K\ [ 
 / i 
 hs} 
 
 OfIo 8,908,432,000 
 
 California 8 464,204,000 
 
 fowa 7,868,454,000 ; 
 
 Texas 6,859,909,000 Wyoming 353,844,000 
 Massachusetis 6,202,988,000 Delaware 307,948,000 
 
 Occupations of the People of Itlinois 
 
 1910 Census Report 
 
 Based on Total Wage Earners, Joyrs.orover. Based on Male Wage Zamers, Jo yrs.or over. 
 
 Agriculture, Agriculture, 
 
 Forestry ana 
 Animal Husbandry \/ YY 
 23.57 To 
 
 Clerica 
 
 fngineering 
 roressions 0.36% 
 
 Engineering 
 Professions O44% 
 
 UA Directly benelited by Engineering Education 
 
 18 
 
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION Palo 
 
 In a number of the states whose population is small, the 
 per capita wealth exceeds that of the states mentioned, 
 although their total wealth falls very far below the figures 
 given for these three states. 
 
 According to estimates of the United States Census 
 Bureau, the population of Illinois on January I, 1917 was 
 6,193,626. The population of this State was exceeded 
 only by New York which had 10,366,778, and by Penn- 
 sylvania which had 8,591,029. One interesting conclusion 
 which results from an examination of the estimated popu- 
 lation statistics for 1917 as compared with I9gI0 is that 
 with the exception of Texas, the states which have shown 
 the largest percentage of growth are those in which manu- 
 facturing plays the most important part. An analysis of 
 the distribution of population in Illinois, based upon occu- 
 pations, and using the data based on total wage earners, 
 presented in the I910 census, indicates that 19.65 per cent 
 of the people of the State are engaged in agriculture, 
 35.8 per cent in manufacturing and mining, 8.46 per cent 
 in the transportation industries, 29.85 per cent in trade and 
 in domestic and personal service, and 6.24 per cent in pro- 
 fessional and public service. As the manufacturing, min- 
 ing, transportation, and general business interests of the 
 State develop, the percentage of persons engaged in these 
 occupations will be increased. 
 
 In view of the extent of the natural resources of the 
 State, particularly its resources in fuel, of its enormous 
 production of raw materials, of the excellence of its trans- 
 portation facilities, and of the fact that it lies near the 
 geographical center of the country, and that it is within 
 a few miles of the center of population, it seems reasonable 
 to predict that its industrial development will be rapid, 
 and as has been previously indicated, that the apparent 
 advantage possessed by those states along the seaboard 
 
20 -. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 will in a large measure be overcome. While itis to be hoped 
 that war will never again convulse the world, yet as a 
 measure of safety against invasion by a foreign foe, the 
 Nation should do all that it can to stimulate the develop- 
 ment of industries remote from the sea. 
 
 While the future development of industry in the com- 
 munity will depend very largely upon private initiative, 
 all the people of the State are concerned imiter ae 
 development and enduring prosperity. As the represen- 
 tative of the people, the Legislature has large responsi- 
 bilities in these developments, and it should encourage 
 them by every means at its disposal. Education in gen- 
 eral and technical education in particular are of funda- 
 mental importance to the future success of the industrial 
 and business interests of the State, and the proper support 
 of the State’s educational institutions will represent a kind 
 of investment which may be expected to yield large returns. 
 The College of Engineering of the University of Illinois 
 has been organized to train men in the engineering sci- 
 ences and to contribute to the knowledge of such sciences 
 through research. The people of Illinois should expect to 
 have facilities for the education of their children which 
 will compare with the facilities available elsewhere. The 
 interests of this institution and those of the people of the 
 State are mutual, for the institution is organized to serve 
 the State. 
 
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 Represents 100 employees. 
 = a EES oe in Population 
 
 between 
 SS County s howing a pete between 1900 and 1910. 
 
 21 
 
22 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLLEGE OF 
 ENGINEERING 
 
 iE was only about fifty years ago that a really serious 
 
 attempt to educate men for engineering and other jn- 
 dustrial pursuits was undertaken in America. Although 
 the organization of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 
 1824 afforded an opportunity for instruction in civil engi- 
 neering,— the only branch of the profession then recog- 
 nized, except military engineering,— and at various later 
 dates a number of educational institutions gave instruc- 
 tion in the elements of mathematics, mechanics, and sci- 
 ence underlying the art of the engineer, the real development 
 of engineering education began less than fifty years ago as a 
 result of the passage of the Land Grant College Act in 1862. 
 
 When the University of Illinois was established in 
 1867 as the Illinois Industrial University, agriculture and 
 engineering were given special prominence in the institu- 
 tion. Instruction in the rudiments of architecture, or per- 
 haps more properly in architectural construction, in civil 
 engineering and in mechanical engineering was given. 
 During this early period a number of significant experi- 
 ments in education were made, perhaps the most note- 
 worthy of which was the introduction of shop work into 
 the college curriculum. To the College of Engineering of 
 the University of Illinois belongs the credit for this inno- 
 vation as well as for others which have since been made 
 in the development of its technical courses. 
 
 Fifty years ago engineering was an art rather than a 
 science, and as a consequence the work of the early tech- 
 nical schools contained many courses of a practical nature, 
 such as shop work, mechanical drawing, and surveying, 
 while the courses in the fundamental sciences were exceed- 
 ingly elementary in comparison with present-day standards. 
 
Student Eniollment in the 
 
 College of Engineering 
 1869-1918 
 
 Sources: New sea Hi paiereny | of Illix 
 
 CO YD & 23 OF G& 06 OF O08 OF fO H 
 OD 02 03 04 O58 0607 08 09 10 Hf 12 IF 15 16/7 1819 
 
 1. 
 SF GS 96 FW? IS FF 
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 ws 
 oureirnr F2 93 P4¢ 85 9697 FB IP 
 
 Student Enrolfment 
 
 inthe University of Illinois 
 1867-1918 
 4. The whole University ( eage and Urbana). 
 
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 NIRS RUSEES 
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 23 
 
DISTRIBUTION OF STUDENTS 
 FOR THE YEAR 1918-1919 
 
 University of Ilinois 
 
 Unclassified 1337 
 Ceramics /3SSI_4 
 
 Engineering 
 
 Mechanical 
 29.67% 
 
 37 56% 
 Electrical 
 25.32 To 
 
 Liberal Arts 
 and Science 
 
 38.24% 
 
 BY COLLEGES IN THE 
 UNIVERSITY AT ORBANA. 
 
 BY DEPARTMENTS IN 
 THE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING. 
 
 Comparison of Student Enrollment in 
 the Leading Engineering Colleges 
 
 Cornell 
 
 Mass.Inst.Technology MlW//6/+3/3=/494: 
 
 Michigan 
 ILLINOIS 
 
 Purdue 
 Penn.State College 
 Cincinnati 
 California 
 Pennsylvania 
 Carnegie Tech. 
 Ohio State 
 Wisconsin 
 Rensselaer 
 Georgia Tech. 
 
 Iowa State College 
 Minnesota 
 
 Univ. of Washington 
 Yale Sheffield 
 Lehigh 
 
 Armour Inst. Tech. 
 Missouri 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Stevens Inst. 
 Syracuse 
 
 89/5704 0 =/570) 
 
 3/4 7 / 54 =/468 
 253 + 99 =/352. 
 GB902 #/37=/039) 3 
 S207 /25-5 PRET 
 HEEE920 * O -9 20 ]RERRT EROS Senate 
 785 1/05 = 89 Oe 
 1B 501/05 - 85 Se) 
 ERRN65 /+/32 =76 } ee) 
 
 HERG G/ + 70 =75 / ee es) 
 
 GING 4/ + 74=7/5S EE) 
 
 GES 92+ 43-6 35 | 
 
 W565 + 56-62/ Ae 
 
 WBBS65 439-6051 a 
 W552 + 52-6 04S) 
 
 W495 + 64> 55O RE 2) 
 GPS33 + 0 = 57; 
 URS /77/07= 52 
 
 Students in Curricu/ums 
 not common to al/ 
 /nstitutions. 
 
 E3891 0-309 
 MNPI64+ 0-364 
 P33 4 +/0= 344) 
 
 Department of the /nterior. 
 Bureau of Education. 
 Bulletin 1916, Chap.3, Cole. 
 
 24 
 
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION as 
 
 During this period thé phenomenal progress in science and 
 industry has imposed many new responsibilities upon the 
 engineering colleges, necessitating many radical changes 
 in their methods of instruction and many additions to 
 their curriculums. These colleges have been prompt in 
 their efforts to meet such changing conditions in the indus- 
 trial life of the Nation, and they have exercised a profound 
 influence on the development of science and industry in 
 this country. 
 
 The College of Engineering was the first of the colleges 
 in the University of Illinois to secure any considerable 
 enrolment of students, and it was the first to obtain a high 
 standing in comparison with other institutions in the coun- 
 try. As recently as 1895, the enrolment of undergraduate 
 students in the College of Engineering was 311, while the 
 whole University had an enrolment of only 573. Fifteen 
 years later the enrolment of undergraduate students in 
 the College of Engineering had reached 1,288, while the 
 University had a total enrolment of 3,393. During this 
 period the College of Engineering came to be recognized 
 as one of the leaders among the technical schools of America 
 in the strength of its faculty, in its facilities for instruction 
 and in its enrolment of students. At the present time its 
 enrolment of students is exceeded only at the Massachusetts 
 Institute of Technology, Cornell University, and the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan. During recent years the average 
 annual enrolment of students in the College has been 
 approximately 1,200. Last year as a result of war-time 
 conditions the maximum enrolment was reduced to 891. 
 For the present year, largely as a result of the organization 
 by the War Department of the Students’ Army Training 
 Corps, the enrolment in the College has been increased to 
 1,585. 
 
 The College of Engineering now offers four-year curric- 
 
26 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 ulums in architecture, architectural engineering, ceramic — 
 engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, me- 
 chanical engineering, mining engineering, municipal and 
 sanitary engineering, general engineering physics, railway 
 civil engineering, railway electrical engineering, and railway 
 mechanical engineering, each leading to the degree of 
 Bachelor of Science; and it is organized into ten depart- 
 ments, as follows: 
 
 The Department of Architecture.— Instruction in archi- 
 tectural construction and later in architectural design was 
 given in the College of Engineering almost from its begin- 
 ning. The organization of this department at a place 
 remote from great works of art and of architecture, and the 
 development of its work and facilities for instruction so 
 they are comparable with the best in the world, has been a 
 remarkable accomplishment. Because of the value and 
 popularity of its work, the enrolment of students in the 
 department before the war was exceeded in no other insti- 
 tution in the world, and it attracted students from many 
 states and from foreign countries. It is difficult to estimate 
 the influence this department has exerted in creating a 
 demand for the construction of safe, comfortable, con- 
 venient, and artistic buildings in the State, but it has 
 undoubtedly been large, for the graduates of the depart- 
 ment are widely scattered, and each of them has left his 
 impress upon the community in which he lives. 
 
 The Department of Architecture has participated in 
 many activities for the betterment of building conditions 
 of the State. It was concerned with the passage of the law 
 for the licensing of architects, and for more than twenty 
 years it has had a representative on the Board of Exami- 
 ners; it has advocated the construction of better and 
 more artistic buildings throughout the State; and it has 
 
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ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 29 
 
 codperated in the solution of problems connected with civic 
 improvements. In 1917, when a portion of the city of 
 Mattoon was destroyed by a tornado, this department pre- 
 pared drawings for the reconstruction of the devastated 
 area. | 
 The Department of Architecture administers two curric- 
 ulums of study, one in architecture and the other in archi- 
 tectural engineering. The former deals largely with prob- 
 lems of architectural design, the latter with problems of 
 engineering and architectural design and construction. 
 The curriculum in architecture seeks to develop a correct 
 appreciation for the artistic in building design, while the 
 curriculum in architectural engineering seeks to train men 
 to codperate with architects in the safe and economical 
 construction of buildings and their proper equipment. 
 
 The Department of Ceramic Engineering. — The crea- 
 tion of the Department of Ceramic Engineering in 1905 
 was authorized by the Legislature in response to demands 
 from the Illinois Clay Workers’ Association for a depart- 
 ment devoted to their interests, which would offer instruc- 
 tion in the science of ceramics and undertake research of 
 importance in the development of these industries in the 
 State. 
 
 This request for a highly specialized technical training 
 was made by men who were thoroughly familiar with the 
 industry and who possessed a broad vision of its impor- . 
 tance and of the need for an adequate training of young 
 men who would be called upon to take leadership in the 
 development of the industry and of the clay resources of 
 the State. These men realized the dependence of modern 
 civilization upon the ceramic industry for the materials 
 necessary in great industrial enterprises, in engineering 
 projects and in the ordinary needs of life. Industrial 
 
BOP. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 expansion had made large demands upon the ceramic 
 industries, which they were not fully prepared to meet. 
 For centuries the craft had been shrouded in mystery, and 
 the rule of thumb methods and great secrecy concerning 
 processes prevailed. Since other industries had profited 
 through the employment of technically trained men, it 
 seemed evident that such training was fundamental to the 
 future success of the clay-working interests. 
 
 Ceramic engineering is concerned with the technology 
 of the industries engaged in the manufacture of clay pro- 
 ducts, glass, cement, lime, gypsum, enameled iron and 
 similar products. The work of the department deals with 
 the scientific principles underlying the ceramic industries, 
 and it affords an opportunity for training in a field which is 
 of growing importance in Illinois, and which will be greatly 
 benefited through the utilization of trained engineers and 
 of the knowledge resulting from scientific research. 
 
 There are relatively few institutions which are organized 
 to offer work in ceramic engineering. This department at 
 the University of Illinois is probably the best equipped and 
 best prepared to do important work in the instruction -of 
 students and in the science of the subject of any educa- 
 tional institution in the world. At the earliest possible 
 date it should be permitted to add the necessary equip- 
 ment and to offer additional courses of instruction in 
 ceramic art and in the manufacture of cement and glass. 
 
 - The department has rendered noteworthy service to 
 the people of the State through codperation in the develop- 
 ment of its clay and related mineral resources, through 
 assistance in over-coming manufacturing difficulties and 
 losses, through the design of an improved commercial kiln 
 now extensively used, through the discovery of a method 
 for the preliminary heat treatment of certain clays, which 
 greatly reduces the losses resulting from their use, through 
 
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION at 
 
 its investigations relating to the composition of glass and 
 of glazes, and through its graduates who are filling many 
 positions of responsibility. 
 
 An important feature of the educational work of the 
 department, which has attracted wide and favorable atten- 
 tion from men who are interested in the advancement of 
 the ceramic industries, has been the Short Course in Ceramic 
 Engineering. Practical men from Illinois and many other 
 states have registered in this course, and they have greatly 
 profited by the lectures given and by the demonstrations 
 shown. 
 
 The Depariment of Civil Engineering.—The work of the 
 Department of Civil Engineering is of special importance 
 to the people of Illinois, since the duties of the civil engineer 
 have a direct bearing on the health, comfort and prosperity 
 of the people of the commonwealth. The department has 
 undertaken to stimulate the spirit of service in its students, 
 and to develop in them a capacity for leadership which 
 will enable them to occupy positions of responsibility in the 
 community, and to direct and carry through undertakings 
 of importance to the public welfare. While the curriculum 
 in civil engineering includes the principles of the physical 
 and mathematical sciences and their general application to 
 engineering, it is arranged to permit the student to special- 
 ize in one or more important divisions of work, such as 
 highway engineering, drainage engineering and structural 
 engineering. 
 
 At the present time the State of Illinois is vitally 
 interested in the development of its highways, and the 
 people of the State have authorized the expenditure of 
 £60,000,000 for the construction of hard roads. In the 
 preparation of a comprehensive plan for highway improve- 
 ments and in the supervision of construction work, it is 
 
32 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 important that the best available engineering advice be 
 secured. Illinois is reputed to have the largest number of . 
 miles of poor roads of any state in the Union, and conse- 
 quently no subject should be of greater interest to the people 
 of the State than that of highway improvement and the 
 training of men to take leadership in this important branch 
 of engineering. 
 
 Next in importance to the development of a proper 
 system of highways is the extension of the drainage systems 
 of the State. In Illinois, with its vast areas of rich, pro- 
 ductive soil, the drainage of the land presents many com- 
 plicated and difficult problems involving a knowledge of 
 soil physics, of engineering and of law. The solution of 
 these important problems should not be intrusted to 
 untrained men. Undoubtedly in the future there will be 
 an increasing demand for men who have had proper educa- 
 tional preparation for this work. 
 
 Since the civil engineer is called upon to design a great 
 variety of structures, such as bridges, viaducts, buildings 
 and dams, structural engineering is recognized as one of 
 the most important divisions of civil engineering. Its 
 varied and spectacular contributions to the convenience 
 and comfort of the people probably excite the greatest 
 public interest of any work which the engineer is called 
 upon to do. The department also gives some attention to 
 the problems of irrigation and land reclamation, and to 
 questions connected with the construction of public works, 
 canals, hydraulic developments, etc. 
 
 In addition to its regular work, the department has 
 given a Short Course in Highway Engineering each winter 
 during the past few years. This course is planned to meet 
 the needs of highway superintendents and others who are 
 concerned with the construction and maintenance of roads. 
 On several occasions, the department has held a Drainage 
 
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 33 
 
 Conference for the discussion of the numerous important 
 questions connected with the drainage and reclamation of 
 land in Illinois. 
 
 The Department of Electrical Engineering. —The Uni- 
 versity of Illinois was one of the first institutions in the 
 world to organize a department for the training of electrical 
 engineers. This department was organized over twenty- 
 five years ago when the rapid development in the appli- 
 cations of electricity created a demand for specialists in 
 this new field of engineering. Since its organization 656 
 students have completed the requirements for graduation, 
 and they are serving as consulting electrical engineers and 
 are engaged in work with large electrical manufacturing 
 corporations, with public utilities in various communities 
 throughout the State, and as teachers in technical schools. 
 The phenomenal development of electrical science, creating 
 a demand for large numbers of experts, together with the 
 spectacular and facinating nature of work in this field, has 
 rendered the curriculum in electrical engineering an unus- 
 ually attractive one to young men. 
 
 The work of this department, in common with that 
 of the other engineering departments, is founded upon the 
 physical and mathematical sciences. It seeks to apply 
 these sciences to the solution of the varied and complicated 
 problems with which the electrical engineer has to deal in 
 the generation and distribution of electrical energy by 
 direct and alternating currents, the design of electrical 
 machinery, the application of electricity and magnetism 
 to the telegraph, the telephone and to wireless signaling, 
 and in all the other marvelous applications of electrical 
 energy. | 
 
 In addition to its training of men for service in the 
 electrical industries, the department has been particularly 
 
34 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 active in stimulating an interest in advanced graduate study 
 and in scientific research. It has made numerous impor- 
 tant contributions to the principles of electrical science. 
 
 The Department of General Engineering Drawing.—The 
 Department of General Engineering Drawing provides for 
 the proper instruction of engineering students in the prin- 
 ciples of mechanical drawing and descriptive geometry. 
 Since all engineering students are required to take drafting 
 and to become reasonably proficient in the art of mechan- 
 ical drawing, the sign language of the engineer, it was con- 
 sidered desirable that this fundamental subject be given 
 by a department which is independent of the specialized 
 departments of the College. 
 
 Since the department is principally concerned with 
 the instruction of freshman students in all the engineering 
 curriculums, and is, therefore, the first point of contact 
 between the new student and the College of Engineering, 
 it has a large responsibility and a great opportunity to 
 create enthusiasm in the minds of these new students for 
 the work which the College is organized to promote. The 
 value of mechanical drawing to the engineer is inestimable, 
 for detailed drawings must be prepared in advance of all 
 construction work. 
 
 The Department of Mechanical Engineering.—Prior to 
 the development of the steam engine and before machinery 
 began to play an important part in the industrial and 
 economic life of the people, civil engineering was the only 
 branch of the profession which had been developed. The 
 wonderful advances in invention and industry made dur- 
 ing the nineteenth century, following the perfection and 
 introduction of the steam engine, led to the need for a more 
 specialized study of problems concerned with the produc- 
 
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 35 
 
 tion and application of power, and the creation of a new 
 division of engineering, known as mechanical engineering. 
 This branch of the profession is concerned primarily with 
 the generation, transmission and utilization of power, and 
 with the design, construction and operation of machinery 
 of all kinds. The work of the mechanical engineer is funda- 
 mental to all manufacturing processes, and consequently 
 the opportunities open to the graduates of the department 
 are of the most varied kind. It is impossible, therefore, to 
 anticipate completely the future needs of its graduates, and 
 to provide the infinite variety of specialized instruction 
 which might prove useful to men who finally enter 
 some particular manufacturing or other industrial enter- 
 prise. The curriculum in Mechanical Engineering has been 
 planned to give a thorough training in mathematics, physics, 
 chemistry, thermodynamics, machine design, machine con- 
 struction, steam and gas power engineering, the heating 
 and ventilation of buildings, and in the application of these 
 subjects to the general engineering and economic problems 
 connected with the manufacturing industries. 
 
 Its graduates have played an important part in the 
 wtate in the design, erection, and management of power 
 plants, in the manufacture of agricultural implements and 
 a great variety of other machinery, and in the management 
 of public utilities and other important industries. 
 
 The Depariment of Mining Engineering.—Vhe Depart- 
 ment of Mining Engineering was established as a result of 
 a request for such a department presented to the Legislature 
 by a committee representing the mine operators, the United 
 Mine Workers, the State Mine Inspectors, and the manu- 
 facturers of the State of Illinois. The act establishing the 
 department provided “that in addition to offering such 
 courses of instruction as will best train young men for 
 
36 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 efficient work in the various phases of mining industries, 
 _ the department shall concern itself with the development 
 and dissemination of scientific facts that will be of value 
 to the mining industry and will conserve life and the 
 resources of the State.” 
 
 This department offers courses of instruction in the 
 several branches of mining and metallurgical engineering. 
 Because of the importance of coal mining in this State, the 
 department has given particular attention to the mining, 
 preparation, and storage of fuel, and it has rendered real 
 assistance to the coal mining interests. An opportunity is 
 offered for specialized instruction in all branches of mining 
 work and in metallurgy. 
 
 This department has codperated with the State through 
 the Mining Investigations and Mine Rescue Commissions, 
 and the establishment of a State Mine Rescue Service and 
 Miners’ Institute can be traced directly to the establish- 
 ment of this department at the University. Under a codp- 
 erative agreement between the Engineering Experiment 
 otation, the United States Bureau of Mines and the State 
 Geological Survey, for an investigation of coal mining con- 
 ditions in the State, the Department of Mining Engineer- 
 ing has contributed very largely to the knowledge of the 
 mining, preparation, and utilization of coal. ‘This infor- 
 mation concerning mining conditions in Illinois has been 
 rendered available to every one interested through the 
 publications of the Engineering Experiment Station and 
 of the other agencies which have participated in the inves- 
 tigations. 
 
 The Department of Municipal and Sanitary Engineer- 
 ing.— Modern cities have developed numerous and com- 
 plicated engineering requirements, among which are those 
 concerned with the furnishing of an abundant and whole- 
 
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ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 30 
 
 some supply of potable water, distributed under pressure 
 through pipes to every place where it is used; the construc- 
 tion of wells, impounding reservoirs, lake intakes, and 
 other means of developing this water supply, and of works 
 for its purification; sewerage systems which will receive and 
 convey to the point of disposal the liquid wastes of the 
 city and provide means for the treatment of this sewage 
 in localities where it is not permissible to discharge it 
 directly into streams or lakes; the construction of pave- 
 ments, walks, bridges, viaducts, and other features of city 
 streets; the drainage of the surface to carry the runoff from 
 rainfall and melting snow; and a variety of measures involv- 
 ing sanitation and the public health. Our cities have been 
 unable to construct public improvements commensurate 
 with their growth, and from present indications their growth 
 during the next decade will exceed that of the past. To 
 bring city conditions up to standards in keeping with the 
 growth of urban population, and the requirements of sani- 
 tary science and proper civic pride will involve skill and 
 foresight in planning and executing new public works. 
 The Department of Municipal and Sanitary Eng1- 
 neering aims to keep in touch with those developments in 
 engineering which relate to civic and sanitary matters and 
 to assist in solving the problems of city work. The curric- 
 ulum in municipal and sanitary engineering affords instruc- 
 tion in the design, construction, and operation of municipal 
 public works and of other engineering work connected with 
 hydraulic and sanitary engineering. It also includes the 
 usual work in mathematics and science, in- surveying, 
 structural materials and design, in the generation and 
 transmission of power, and in the properties and bacter1- 
 ology of water supply and sewage disposal. It can be 
 seen that the work of the department is related to impor- 
 tant interests of the many cities of the State, and that it 
 
40 - COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 may be expected to be increasingly important in the future. 
 
 The importance of the work and the need for develop- 
 ment in the many municipal problems warrant greater 
 attention being given to the work of the department. An 
 increase in the working staff 1s greatly needed, especially in 
 lines of water purification, sewage disposal and hydraulic 
 and sanitary construction. Attention should also be called 
 to the need for opportunities and facilities to carry on 
 experimental work relating to water purification, sewage 
 treatment, the disposal of garbage and other features con- 
 nected with the sanitation of cities. These are pressing 
 questions in which most of the cities of the State should 
 be interested. 
 
 It seems proper to call attention to the important 
 work which has been carried on at the University by the 
 State Water Survey, now the Water Survey Division of the 
 State Department of Education and Registration. This 
 organization in its experimental and advisory work, reach- 
 ing out to cities all over the State, has accomplished very 
 much in maintaining proper standards of purity for water, 
 in stimulating interest in sanitation and in the dissemination 
 of information relating to sanitary science. Its research 
 work has made valuable contributions to the knowledge of 
 water and sewage. These activities have been very helpful 
 to the University and especially to the students in municipal 
 and sanitary engineering. 
 
 The Department of Physics — A thorough knowledge 
 of the science of physics is fundamental to the training of 
 every engineer. He must be familiar with the laws of 
 heat, sound, light, electricity and magnetism, and mechan- 
 ics. Because of the importance of physics to the engineer, 
 it is fortunate that the Department of Physics 1s a depart- 
 ment of the College of Engineering, acting in full accord 
 
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 4I 
 
 with the other departments in their efforts to promote the 
 highest type of engineering instruction and engineering and 
 scientific research. 
 
 While the principal function of the Department of 
 Physics is to provide proper instruction for all engineering 
 students, it administers a curriculum in general engineering 
 physics, which, while similar to the other engineering curric- 
 ulums, gives especial emphasis to the more advanced. work 
 in physics, which is essential in all physical and engineering 
 research. This curriculum was planned to prepare its 
 graduates to become teachers of physics to engineering 
 students, or to engage in physical research as applied to 
 the industries of the country. Many of the large indus- 
 trial corporations now maintain research laboratories with 
 staffs of engineers, physicists, and chemists, whose whole 
 time is devoted to the investigation of problems of vital 
 interest to the industry. Not infrequently, however, these 
 laboratories undertake research work in fields not directly 
 connected with the principal interests of the company 
 maintaining the laboratory. As the realization of the 
 importance of scientific research and its application to 
 industrial conditions becomes more widespread, there will 
 be a large increase in the demand for men who have had 
 training such as that provided by this curriculum. 
 
 The Department of Physics is housed in a new and 
 thoroughly modern fireproof building. It has facilities 
 for instruction and for research in certain phases which are 
 surpassed at no other institution in this country. In its 
 work, this department has rendered a distinct service in 
 the State through its training of teachers of this important 
 science, and through its instruction of students in engi- 
 neering, chemistry, medicine, mathematics, agriculture, 
 and general science. In its research work, also, it is 
 rendering a great service in developing scientific data. 
 
42 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 The Department of Theoretical and Applied. Mechanics.— 
 All students in the College of Engineering are given instruc- 
 tion in mechanics, the science which deals with the forces 
 and deformations which must be considered in the design 
 and construction of bridges, buildings, machines, and other 
 engineering structures, and with the motions set up in 
 machines. Mechanics is a fundamental study for all 
 branches of engineering work which is essential in the solu- 
 tion of problems connected with the strength of parts in 
 the design, construction, and operation of every structure 
 or machine. Instruction in mechanics includes a study of 
 the laws of resistance of wood, iron, steel, concrete, and 
 other materials of construction when loads are applied to 
 the parts of structures and machines; it also includes a 
 study of the experimental methods used in the materials 
 testing laboratory for determining the properties of engi- 
 neering materials, and a study of the standard tests and 
 specifications which materials must meet to insure the 
 safety of structural and machine parts. There has been a 
 very great development in the art of testing materials of 
 construction during recent years. 
 
 The instruction in this department includes a study 
 of hydraulics, which deals with the flow of water through 
 pipes, canals, channels, and conduits, and the problems 
 found in the development of water power. No problems 
 of engineering touch the daily life of the people more closely 
 than those of water supply and drainage, and a knowledge 
 of the laws of hydraulics is fundamental in the consideration 
 of such problems. 
 
 Opportunities are also given for advanced work in the 
 analytical treatment of the more difficult problems found 
 in mechanics and in the analytical and experimental prob- 
 lems connected with the properties and action of wood, 
 - steel, and concrete construction. Investigations of engi- 
 
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 43 
 
 neering materials and of the action of structures are con- 
 stantly made. Many important tests have been carried 
 out in the Laboratory of Applied Mechanics. All this 
 work is of immediate applicability to the construction and 
 manufacturing activities of the people of the State. 
 
 The demands upon the department are increasing 
 rapidly. For the maintenance of proper standards in the 
 college, it is essential that there be members on the staff 
 who know in an authoritative way the practice and the 
 requirements of engineers for the wide range of materials 
 now used in the industries, and who are able to contribute 
 to our knowledge on these matters. The great growth 
 which has come with the developments in manufacturing 
 and construction has brought about a necessity for speci- 
 alized technical knowledge. There are many varieties of 
 steel, such as carbon steel, vanadium steel, and tungsten 
 steel, and there are special requirements for the steel used 
 for particular purposes in the manufacture of automobiles, 
 airplanes, locomotive and car parts, and a variety of other 
 articles. The heat treatment of steel is an illustration of 
 the many special topics. It is apparent that the tech- 
 nology of the materials of engineering 1s an important 
 field. In construction lines, the great development of con- 
 crete and reinforced concrete, the use of fire-resisting 
 materials and the fireproofing of buildings, and the use of | 
 new forms of design in buildings and bridges have greatly 
 increased the field of this work. The developments of the 
 age have also extended to laboratory tests and testing, both 
 in the field of engineering materials and in that of hydraulics. 
 Larger equipment and better facilities are urgently needed. 
 New problems are constantly arising which require new 
 apparatus for their treatment. The technique of testing 
 is becoming more and more important. 
 
 An effort has been made to keep up with the develop- 
 
AA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 ments of the engineering world, and much has been accom- 
 plished. It is evident, however, that there are opportunities 
 and responsibilities which call for considerable expansion 
 in experimental facilities and in the staff. It 1s felt that 
 the addition of laboratory facilities and of new members 
 to the laboratory and teaching staffs would be of advantage 
 to the industrial and constructional interests of the State 
 as well as to the students of the University. 
 
 The Department of Railway Engineering.— Elsewhere — 
 mention has been made of the importance of the trans- 
 portation interests in Illinois, both as to the extent of the 
 railways and the investments in such properties, and of the 
 number of people who are directly concerned with the opera- 
 tion of the railways of the State. Because of the importance 
 of transportation in the development of the State and of the 
 Nation, the College of Engineering has undertaken, through 
 its Department of Railway Engineering, to give specialized 
 instruction in the different branches of engineering science, 
 which are closely related to this subject. To emphasize 
 further the importance of the work in this field, the 
 University has provided a School of Railway Engineering 
 and Administration to codrdinate the work of the Depart- 
 ment of Railway Engineering with that of the College of 
 Commerce and Business Administration, which provides 
 instruction in railway organization and administration. 
 
 The Department of Railway Engineering administers 
 three curriculums: one in railway civil engineering, one in 
 railway electrical engineering and one in railway mechanical 
 engineering. While these curriculums are not dissimilar 
 from the regular curriculums in civil, electrical and mechan- 
 ical engineering, respectively, they are planned to emphasize 
 the problems connected with the design, construction, 
 maintenance and operation of all kinds of railway equip- 
 
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ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 47 
 
 ments and structures. Thus, the curriculum in railway 
 civil engineering deals with the questions of track location, 
 with the design and construction of railway bridges and 
 railway shops, and with the varied railway terminal facil- 
 ities. The curriculum in railway electrical engineering 
 provides for specialized instruction in the application of the 
 general principles of electrical engineering to transportation. 
 It deals with the design, construction and operation of 
 electric locomotives and of electric railway cars, as well as 
 with the other varied applications of electricity to this 
 great industry. The curriculum in railway mechanical 
 engineering deals with the design, construction, operation 
 and maintenance of locomotives, cars and of other types of 
 important mechanical equipment. 
 
 The lecture rooms, drafting rooms and offices of 
 this department occupy a portion of the Transportation 
 Building. In addition it is provided with a Locomotive 
 Testing Laboratory which is superior to any similar labor- 
 atory in the world. As noted elsewhere, for its full and 
 adequate development, its facilities need to be supple- 
 mented by the erection of a Railway Electrical Laboratory. 
 
 It is felt that the war has so thoroughly demonstrated 
 the importance of transportation to the Nation that there 
 will be an increasing number of students desiring the train- 
 ing which this department offers. Through its training of 
 students and its contributions to the knowledge of the 
 scientific principles of the subject, this department is 
 rendering a unique service to the State and to the country. 
 No other educational institution is so well prepared to do 
 effective service in this field as the University of Illinois. 
 
48 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 THE ALUMNI OF THE COLLEGE OF 
 ENGINEERING 
 
 See the principal function of the College of Engi- 
 neering is the training of men for service in the engi- 
 neering industries, the value of the institution to the State 
 can best be gaged by the number of its graduates and by 
 their achievements in the development of the technical 
 interests of the commonwealth. While a majority of its 
 alumni have become indentified with the industrial life of 
 the State, the graduates of the College may be found in 
 nearly every state of the Union and in a large number of 
 foreign countries. The success they have achieved in their 
 work is a fine testimony to the value of the training which 
 they have received through the generosity of the State. 
 
 Up to the present time 3,299 students have received 
 the baccalaureate degree in engineering from this institu- 
 tion. In 1914 a careful investigation showed that of the 
 men who had graduated prior to that time, nearly eighty 
 per cent were engaged in pursuits for which their training 
 directly qualified them. Of the remainder, a considerable 
 number were engaged in some business in which their 
 engineering training was of distinct value. It is probable 
 that few institutions in the country can show a like record, 
 and it affords a striking proof of the practical value of the 
 work done in the College and of the influence of this work 
 in shaping the lives of its graduates. The influence of 
 these men upon the communities in which they live is 
 difficult to estimate. It may be safely asserted, however, 
 that they have played an important part in advancing the 
 business, industrial and political life of the people. 
 
 The graduates of this College are found in the list of ~ 
 employees and executives of many engineering and manu- 
 
Graduates of the College 
 of Engineering, 1872-1918 
 
 Source: Records in Dean's Office. 
 
 a 
 
 200 
 
 | 
 190 tht 
 wot 1 {-t | I ia a eae 
 - UGG SSEPRAE SERS RRR RRERERER 
 me ee a ba 
 CHEECH EEE HEHEHE 
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 “ae 
 
 i L 
 J2 73 74 T§ J6 77 78 79 80 8 G2 83 KH 8S 86 OF 88 FI 9O Di BB IF 9¢ BS FX 97 986.99 CO O/ G2 G3 OF OF O56 7 OG O9 to Ht tz *13:;14¢:«IS:~;16-~ 17 «18 
 
 Graduates GPE 
 ofthe University of Illinois (---- 
 Sails 1872-1918 PERE ECCCCCLLE EE AL 
 
 s 1. ‘The whole Uni ity (Chie d Urbana). ; 
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 ource: 5 
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 Pee 
 SURSAISREE ENE 
 
 J2 139 14 7S JET? 7879 80 Gl 82 83 St 8S 86 81 8B 89 90 91 SE 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 1900 Ol 02 03 OF OF 06 07 08.0910 Ht I 13 14 1§ 16 17 18 
 
 49 
 
Distribution of Graduates and Former Students of 
 the College of Engineering. 
 
 Sy £6 af i fare 
 “eg nee aes 
 Pas WON Tang ia 
 
 ones 
 
 f ~~ 
 
 / mu lz 
 vs 
 ? a) 50. DAKOTA 
 Pan) 
 
 NEB alain 
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 18 ee ee 4 
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 Aas re eee 
 
 Alaska o-3 
 Canal Zone 5-6 
 Hawaii 6-/2 
 Phillippine Is. 9-1/3 
 Porto Rico Sis 
 
 Foreign Countries 84-255 \ Graduates thus - 112 
 ; former Students -— //2 
 
 - DISTRIBUTION: OF -ENGINEERING - GRADUATES-IN: 
 ‘BUSINESS: AND: PROFESSIONAL: OCCUPATIONS: 
 
 Co. Employees 290 
 Archtts.4 Arch. Engrs. 260 
 Civil Engineers 243 
 Co. Officials 234 
 Engrg. Teachers 19) 
 Electrical Engineers 162 
 Mechanical Engineers 142 
 Salesmen, Engr Products 121 
 RRand Traffic 119 
 Draftsmen 100 
 Non Engrg. Lines 67 
 Pub.Service Officials 62 
 Contractors 61 
 Public Service 
 Mantifacturers 
 Construction Engrg. 
 Consulting Engrs. 
 
 Govt Engineers 
 
 Students , Post Grad. 
 
 Mining Engineers 
 Municipal Engrs. 
 Designers. Mach.ete. 
 
 Engrg. Journalists 
 
 Efficiency Engrs 
 Accountants 
 
 Patent Lawyers 
 
 Ceramic Engrs. 
 
 Estimators 
 
 Statisticians 
 
 Based on the Records from 2453 Graduates 
 of the College of pngial ee ae 
 Alumni Directory, 
 1916 
 
 5° 
 
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 51 
 
 facturing corporations, and many of them are practising 
 their profession as architects and as consulting engineers. 
 Many of the important engineering structures of the 
 country, such as bridges, viaducts and buildings have been 
 designed and constructed by these men. Many new 
 machines and processes for increasing the efficiency of 
 human labor have been perfected by them, and they have 
 played an important part in the development and con- 
 struction of public works of all descriptions. 
 
 The College of Engineering points with special pride 
 to the achievements of its graduates during the war. Up 
 to August 9, 1918, incomplete records showed that at that 
 time not less than 459 graduates of the College were in the 
 Army, and that many of these men were charged with 
 responsibilities of the utmost importance. Thus, a group 
 of Illinois men was largely instrumental in carrying through 
 successfully the construction of the National Army Canton- 
 ments; others were prominently identified with the develop- 
 ment of reinforced concrete ships; and many were rendering 
 efficient service as officers in the various technical branches 
 of the Army. Without doubt nearly every graduate of 
 the College has contributed his best efforts to the successful 
 prosecution of the war, either in the Army, or in the indus- 
 tries which were engaged in war work. In this connection, 
 it is interesting to note that in addition to the large number 
 of graduates who entered the Army or Navy, nearly 700 
 undergraduate students in the College of Engineering with- 
 drew for military service, and that many former students, 
 who did not graduate, have rendered effective service in the 
 prosecution of the war. 
 
 For more than five years prior to 1918, the College of 
 Engineering graduated approximately 200 men each year. 
 In 1918, as aresult of the war, the number in the graduating 
 class was reduced to 118. From present indications, it 
 
52 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 seems unlikely that the College will graduate more than 
 75 students at the close of the present academe yg. a 
 With the return of its former students from the Army and 
 Navy, and with the increased interest in technical educa- 
 tion, which will inevitably follow the war, 1t may be expected 
 that the number of graduates each year will soon be in 
 excess of the largest number which Soper received 
 degrees in any one year. 
 
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 53 
 
 THE ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 lf ee Engineering Experiment Station of the University 
 
 of Illinois was established by an act of the Board of 
 Trustees on December 8, 1903. This Station was organ- 
 ized to stimulate and to elevate engineering education, to 
 study problems of special importance to professional en- 
 gineers and to the manufacturing, railway, mining and 
 other industrial interests of the State and of the country, 
 and to render available the knowledge thus obtained 
 through the publication of bulletins presenting the results 
 of original research, and of circulars containing compila- 
 tions of important information not readily accessible to 
 the interests to be served. 
 
 The control of the Engineering Experiment Station is 
 vested in an Executive Staff composed of the Director and 
 his Assistant and the Heads of the several departments of 
 the College of Engineering. The Executive Staff is charged 
 with the responsibility of outlining the general policies for 
 the control of the Station and for the character and extent 
 of investigations to be undertaken, but the Head of each 
 department is largely responsible for the research work 
 carried on in his department. ‘The Executive Staff is also 
 responsible for the determination of the acceptablility of 
 material presented for publication, and the results of every 
 investigation are carefully scrutinized before their publica- 
 tion is authorized. 
 
 Research work may be conducted by any member of 
 the staff of instruction of the College of Engineering and of 
 the Department of Chemistry, and every effort is made to 
 stimulate a spirit of scientific research in the teaching staff. 
 The greater portion of the research work of the Station is, 
 however, carried on by the Research Corps, which includes a 
 
54 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 number of full-time investigators and a group of Research 
 Graduate Assistants who devote half of their time to the 
 research work of the Station, and the other half to graduate — 
 study in engineering. From time to time, as conditions 
 may require, special investigators are employed for a limited 
 period to devote their attention to the investigation of a 
 specific problem. At the present time the Station main- 
 tains fourteen Research Graduate Assistantships, and 
 two similar Assistantships in Gas Engineering have been 
 established under the patronage of the Illinois Gas 
 Association. 
 
 The Engineering Experiment Station of the University 
 of Illinois was the first of its kind to be organized, and it 
 has come to be recognized as one of the most active agencies 
 in existence for the extension of knowledge of engineering 
 science. It has served as a model for other similar stations 
 established in various institutions in this country. Before 
 the organization of the Station at the University of Illinois, 
 efforts were made to secure federal support for engineering 
 experiment stations to be established in the various states 
 under conditions similar to those provided in the act 
 authorizing the establishment of agricultural experiment 
 stations. These early attempts to secure federal support 
 for engineering experiment stations were unavailing. A 
 bill for the establishment and maintenance of such stations 
 is now pending before Congress and there is a possibility 
 that the Government may provide funds for the conduct 
 of engineering research which will supplement those pro- 
 vided by the several states. 
 
 The Engineering Experiment Station is simply an 
 organization within the College of Engineering, created to 
 emphasize research and to provide an agency for the pub- 
 lication of the results of such work. While a particular 
 investigation may involve the purchase or construction of 
 
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 55 
 
 special apparatus for the purpose, the principal work of 
 the Station is conducted with the facilities provided by 
 the College for the instruction of students. Thus, most of 
 the scientific work in engineering is carried on in the same 
 laboratories which are used for instruction, and, as a con- 
 sequence, there is a stimulus to the student who realizes 
 that he is working side by side with men who are devoting 
 their best efforts to the extension of knowledge of the scien- 
 tific principles of engineering. 
 
 In addition to the work of the Station already outlined, 
 the members of the staff are called upon to answer inquiries 
 and to furnish information concerning various engineering 
 problems, and, occasionally, to conduct commercial tests 
 of interest only to the individual or company requesting 
 such tests, for which a charge is made to cover the expense 
 involved. Normally, the Station will not undertake com- 
 mercial testing except in cases where there are no other 
 agencies in the State with facilities for conducting such tests. 
 
 Up to the present time the Engineering Experiment 
 Station has published 110 bulletins and 8 circulars. All 
 of these publications are valuable, and some of them 
 present the results of investigations of the greatest impor- 
 tance, which may be regarded as real contributions to engt- 
 neering science. 
 
 Probably none of the contributions of the Station have 
 been more important or more highly regarded than those 
 which have dealt with the strength and properties of engi- 
 neering materials and of structures. For many years the 
 Station has carried on a great variety of investigations in 
 the field of reinforced concrete. This institution was a 
 pioneer in this field of investigation, and the results of the 
 work which has been completed, comprising a notable 
 series of bulletins, has been of tremendous assistance to 
 the engineering interests of the world, in connection with 
 
56 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 the design of reinforced concrete structures. It is inter- ~ 
 esting to note that as a result of the prestige enjoyed by the 
 Station on account of these investigations, graduates and 
 former members of the Research Corps of the Station, who 
 were interested in this subject, have played a very impor- 
 tant part in the development of reinforced concrete ships 
 under the direction of the Emergency Fleet Corporation. 
 In the series of bulletins devoted to reinforced concrete, 
 mention should be made of those which present important 
 information concerning the behavior of beams, the bond 
 between concrete and steel, the characteristics of concrete 
 columns with different systems of reinforcements, the use 
 of reinforced concrete culvert pipe, the behavior of rein- 
 forced concrete flat slabs and of rigidly connected reinforced 
 concrete frames, and the results of tests on numerous 
 reinforced concrete buildings to determine the stresses 
 under actual loads compared with those originally com- 
 puted. In addition to the publications devoted to rein- 
 forced concrete, there are several dealing with certain prop- 
 erties of crushed stone and with the mortar-making qualities 
 of Illinois sand. 
 
 The Station has also contributed a number of important 
 bulletins dealing with the strength of materials. Thus, 
 the bulletin on the strength of chain links, which involved 
 an analytical as well as an experimental investigation, has 
 , come to be recognized as authoritative, and the methods 
 for the design of chains therein recommended are now in: 
 general use. Investigations of built-up columns, of I-beams, 
 of plate girders, of the effects of repeated stress on the 
 strength of metals, and of the strength and stiffness of 
 steel under biaxial loading may be mentioned as real addi- 
 tions to the knowledge of materials and structures. One 
 of the most interesting of the recent experiments conducted 
 in the Station involved the construction of a microscopic 
 
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 57 
 
 moving-picture showing the gradual breaking down of the 
 structure of soft iron when subjected to repeated stresses. 
 This unique accomplishment has attracted wide interest 
 among engineers and metallurgists, and it has been sug- 
 gested that it may lead to a clearer understanding of the — 
 behavior of metals when subjected to stresses such as occur 
 in a majority of structures. 
 
 One of the most noteworthy investigations of materials 
 has dealt with their magnetic properties as well as their 
 strength. Ina series of bulletins, there has been described 
 a new process for the production of iron and iron alloys 
 melted in a vacuum and possessing electrical properties 
 superior to those of iron produced in other ways. The 
 investigation has included tests of a considerable variety 
 of the iron alloys, to determine the adaptability of such 
 materials in the construction of electrical machinery. As 
 a result of these investigations, alloys have been produced 
 on a laboratory scale which have a permeability over five 
 times that possessed by the iron usually employed in the 
 manufacture of electric generators and transformers. It 
 is conceivable that the process for the production of these 
 iron alloys, which has been developed in the laboratories 
 of the Engineering Experiment Station, may lead to the 
 creation of an important industry, for if the process can 
 be developed on a commercial scale, rendering the material 
 readily available for the manufacture of electrical machin- 
 ery, a great saving in the cost of the construction of such 
 machinery may be effected, since the weight of metal 
 required in such machinery 1s a function of the permeability. 
 
 Various other studies of alloys possessing remarkable 
 qualities have been made by the Engineering Experiment 
 Station and in the Department of Chemistry. One of these 
 alloys, an alloy of nickel, possessing remarkable acid resist- 
 ing qualities, has been named “‘Illium’”’ in honor of the State. 
 
58 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 Among the most noteworthy contributions of the 
 Engineering Experiment Station are those devoted to the 
 study of fuel, including the mining and preparation of 
 coal, its storage, weathering, spontaneous combustion, and 
 economical use. As a result of certain studies connected 
 with the low temperature distillation of coal, a new process 
 for the manufacture of coke has been discovered, which, 
 if it can be perfected on a commercial scale, may develop 
 a new industry and replace the methods now employed in 
 the coking of coal. This process effects a great reduction 
 in the time required to produce coke, and it renders possible 
 the recovery of by-products which are of greater value than 
 those obtained in the usual processes now employed. If 
 this process finally becomes commercially successful, the 
 importance of the discovery to the industries of America 
 will far outweigh the investment which the State of 
 Illinois has made in the University from its beginning. 
 
 In steam engineering some important work has been 
 done in connection with studies of boiler performance and 
 economy and of methods of burning Illinois coal without 
 smoke. Many investigations connected with the genera- 
 tion of power have been made, and the bulletin which deals 
 with the new analysis of the cylinder performance of recip- 
 rocating engines represents one of the most important 
 contributions to the science of steam engineering which 
 has ever been made in America. 
 
 An important analytical investigation dealing with the 
 properties of saturated and superheated ammonia vapor 
 and the tables computed from the formulas developed by 
 the application of the principles of thermodynamics to the 
 experimental data collected from various sources have 
 been of the utmost importance in the field of mechanical 
 refrigeration, for these tables have enabled refrigerating 
 engineers to make calculations concerning mechanical 
 
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 59 
 
 refrigeration with greater accuracy than has been heretofore 
 possible. A similar investigation concerning the prop- 
 erties of saturated and superheated steam ranks as one of 
 the most important investigations in this field. Based 
 upon the work of this investigation, there has been com- 
 puted a set of so-called steam tables which are now in 
 general use in English-speaking countries as a basis for 
 computations connected with the design and performance 
 of steam engineering equipment of all kinds. 
 
 One of the most interesting studies presented by the 
 Station has been that made in connection with an effort 
 to correct the acoustical defects of the University Audi- 
 torium. After a most elaborate and painstaking investti- 
 gation, this building has, by rather inexpensive methods, 
 been made very nearly perfect from the standpoint of its 
 acoustics. At the same time the investigation has devel- 
 oped methods for the design of buildings which, if followed, 
 will prevent the construction of buildings in which echoes 
 and reverberations produce serious interference with their 
 use. 
 
 The Engineering Experiment Station has long been 
 regarded as a leader in the extension of knowledge of 
 Railway Engineering. Many notable contributions in this 
 field have already been made. Bulletins dealing with 
 the tractive resistance of freight and passenger trains and 
 of electric cars are employed by many of the railroads as a 
 basis for making up tonnage ratings in the make-up of 
 trains and for the maintenance of proper train schedules. 
 several important investigations connected with loco- 
 motive performance, dealing particularly with fuel economy 
 in locomotives, have been made, and they have proved to 
 be of value to the railroads of the country in the preparation 
 of specifications for fuel. 
 
 A number of bulletins present the results of interesting 
 
60 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 and important investigations of the laws of hydraulics 
 which suggest methods for securing accuracy in the measure- 
 ment of the flow of water through pipes and in other ways. 
 During the past year the Station has issued a series 
 of notable circulars in an effort to codperate with the 
 Government in the dissemination of information concern- 
 ing the economical use of fuel. One of these circulars dis- 
 cusses problems connected with the economical use of fuel 
 in heating homes; another deals with the use of fuel in 
 stationary hand-fired power plants; a third is devoted to a 
 study of the economical use of fuel in railway locomotives, 
 and a fourth presents in great detail an investigation of the 
 storage of coal. These circulars have been widely dis- 
 tributed, and they have been of great use in the campaign 
 for fuel conservation. The Fuel Conservation Section of 
 the United States Railroad Administration has urged its 
 Regional Directors to order copies of the circular dealing 
 with the use of fuel in railway locomotives, to be supplied 
 to all persons in their employ who have anything to do 
 with the use of fuel. | 
 While in general it has been the policy of the Station 
 to publish bulletins presenting the results of original inves- 
 tigations, it may from time to time present circulars of 
 information compiled from various sources, in.an effort 
 to supply information of great importance to the people 
 of the State or of the Nation. The circulars dealing with 
 the economical use of fuel are representative of a kind of 
 service which the Station may render in an emergency. 
 The conduct of engineering research involves great 
 expense. Many investigations may need to be carried 
 through a period of years before results of significance are 
 obtained. The cost of apparatus and materials and the 
 expense for the salaries of investigators are large. As a 
 consequence, due to the limited budget available for the 
 
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ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 63 
 
 various activities of the Station, many of the investigations 
 so far undertaken have been selected because they could 
 be completed without involving the expenditure of large 
 sums of money. Many of the most important subjects 
 in which engineers are interested would involve expenditures 
 which are at present far beyond the ability of the Station 
 or the University to meet, however important the results 
 obtained may be. Unquestionably, there must be devel- 
 oped some plan under which the State will subsidize indus- 
 trial research so that no matter how expensive a particular 
 investigation may be, funds will be available, provided. 
 that it seems reasonably certain that the investigation is 
 one which should be undertaken in the interests of the 
 people and of the engineering industries. 
 
 _ The prestige of the Engineering Experiment Station 
 of the University of Illinois has led to a number of requests 
 for engineering research to be conducted in codperation 
 with industries or groups of industries interested in the 
 solution of important problems. A number of codperative 
 investigations are already in progress or have been com- 
 pleted under arrangements which provide that the Station 
 will assume the general supervision of the work, furnish 
 such apparatus as it may have at its disposal, and publish 
 the results obtained, while the codperating agent furnishes 
 the funds for special investigators, materials, and unusual 
 apparatus. 
 
 An investigation on stresses in railway track has been 
 in progress for several years under a codperative arrange- 
 ment between the Engineering Experiment Station, the 
 American Society of Civil Engineers, and the American 
 Railway Engineering Association. The data so far obtained 
 from this investigation seem to indicate that the results 
 will be of the utmost value in extending our knowledge of 
 track construction and maintenance. 
 
64 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 Mention has already been made of the recently dis- 
 covered process for the coking of coal. This investigation 
 was first undertaken by the Engineering Experiment Sta- 
 tion. After it had progressed to a point which indicated 
 that the process had important possibilities, an investi- 
 gation of the process was undertaken on a very much larger 
 scale in codperation with .A. T. Hert, president on sae 
 American Creosoting Company, who furnished a large sum 
 of money to permit the Station to continue its work. 
 
 For several years the Station has been conducting an 
 investigation to determine the stresses in chilled car wheels, 
 undertaken in codperation with the Association of Manu- 
 facturers of Chilled Car Wheels, to determine the charac- 
 teristics of such wheels, with a view to their redesign and 
 to a reduction in their failures in use. 
 
 During the past year the Station has conducted a 
 number of significant investigations in codperation with 
 various government bureaus. In the main the results of 
 these investigations have been regarded as secret because 
 they were undertaken to determine the solution of prob- 
 lems of interest in the prosecution of the war. Im this 
 connection it is interesting to note that as a result of tests 
 made in the laboratories of the College of Engineering, cer- 
 tain questions connected with the selection of heating sys- 
 tems for the National Army Cantonments were settled. 
 Other investigations connected with the properties of 
 materials, with the detection of submarines, with the 
 recovery of pyrite which is largely employed in the manu- 
 facture of sulphuric acid, and with the development of 
 optical glass have been in progress and some of them have 
 been completed. 
 
 Recently the National Warm Air Heating and Ven-. 
 tilating Association, representing some four hundred manu- 
 facturers of warm air furnaces, provided ‘the Engineering 
 
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 65 
 
 Experiment Station with a large sum of money, to be 
 expended in an elaborate investigation of warm air furnaces 
 and furnace heating. This fund was provided solely for 
 scientific research in an effort to advance our knowledge of 
 the art of warm air furnace heating, and in the expectation 
 that improvements in the rating and design of such 
 apparatus would result. 
 
 On several occasions the Station has undertaken and 
 completed important investigations of locomotive perform- 
 ance and of train resistance in codperation with various 
 railroads of the country. With our magnificent Locomotive 
 Laboratory, it has long been hoped that a plan for a con- 
 sistent series of investigations of locomotive performance 
 may ultimately be worked out in codperation with the rail- 
 roads which will be chiefly benefited by the results obtained. 
 
 For a considerable number of years the Engineering 
 - Experiment Station, in codperation with the State Geo- 
 logical Survey and the United States Bureau of Mines, 
 has investigated problems of importance to the coal mining 
 interests of Illinois. At the present time these three 
 agencies, in codperation with representatives from the 
 Illinois Gas Association, have undertaken an investigation 
 to determine the adaptability of Illinois coal in the manu- 
 facture of illuminating gas. As a result of restrictions 
 imposed by the United States Fuel Administration, the 
 gas manufacturers of the Central West have found diff- 
 culty in securing their usual supply of eastern gas coal. 
 Numerous problems of.importance in connection with 
 the adaptation of Illinois coal to this purpose have had to 
 be met, and the agencies mentioned are undertaking the 
 solution of these problems in the interests of the manu- 
 facturers of Illinois and adjoining states. 
 
 Emphasis should be laid upon the fact that the Eng1- 
 neering Experiment Station has been created for the extension 
 
66 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 of our knowledge of the science of engineering for the bene- 
 fit of allthe people. It has never been used as a medium to 
 exploit inventions or to advance the interest of individuals. 
 In its codperative investigations, the results of these investi- 
 gations are given freely to the public, even though the 
 expense thereof has been borne by a single individual or 
 “corporation, or by an association of industries. The 
 importance of industrial research cannot be overempha- 
 sized. The future success of the industries of Illinois and of 
 the Nation depends upon a complete understanding of the 
 scientific principles involved. This will result in true con- 
 servation; that is, in the elimination of waste and in in- 
 creased efficiency in all the important industries. 
 
 The following list includes all the circulars and bulletins 
 published by the Engineering Experiment Station up to the 
 present time. 
 
 PUBLICATIONS OF 
 THE ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 ——— 
 
 CIRCULARS 
 
 1. High-Speed Tool Steels, by L. P. Breckenridge. 1905. None available. 
 
 2. Drainage of Earth Roads, by Ira O. Baker. 1906. None available. 
 
 3. Fuel Tests with Illinois Coal (Compiled from tests made by the Technological 
 Branch of the U. S. G. S., at St. Louis, Mo., Fuel Testing Plant. 1904- 
 1907), by L. P. Breckenridge and Paul Diserens. 1908. Thirty cents. 
 
 4. The Economical Purchase and Use of Coal for Heating Homes with Special 
 Reference to Conditions in Illinois. 1917. Ten cents. 
 
 5.. The Utilization of Pyrite Occurring in Illinois Bituminous Coal, by E. A. 
 Holbrook. 1917. Free upon request. 
 
 6. The Storage of Bituminous Coal, by H. H. Stoek. 1918. Forty cents. 
 
 7. Fuel Economy in the Operation of Hand Fired Power Plants. 1918. Twenty 
 cents. 
 
 8. The Economical Use of Coal in Railway Locomotives. 1918. Twenty cents. 
 
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 67 
 
 BULLETINS 
 
 Tests of Reinforced Concrete Beams, by Arthur N. Talbot. 1904. None 
 available. 
 
 Tests of High-Speed Tool Steels on Cast Iron, by L. P. Breckenridge and 
 Henry B. Dirks. 1905. None available. 
 
 The Engineering Experiment Station of the University of Illinois, by L. P. 
 Breckenridge. 1906. None available. 
 
 Tests of Reinforced Concrete Beams, Series of 1905, by Arthur N. Talbot. 
 1906. Forty-five cents. 
 
 Resistance of Tubes to Collapse, by Albert P. Carman and M. L. Carr. 1906. 
 None available. 
 
 Holding Power of Railroad Spikes, by Roy I. Webber. 1906. None available. 
 
 Fuel Tests with Illinois Coals, by L. P. Breckenridge, S. W. Parr, and Henry B. 
 Dirks. 1906. None available. 
 
 Tests of Concrete: I, Shear; II, Bond, by Arthur N. Talbot. 1906. None 
 avatlable. 
 
 An Extension of the Dewey Decimal System of Classification Applied to the 
 Engineering Industries, by L. P. Breckenridge and G. A. Goodenough. 
 1906. Rev. Ed. 1912. Fifty cents. 
 
 Tests of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Columns, Series of 1906, by Arthur 
 N. Talbot. 1907. None available. 
 
 Effect of Scale on the Transmission of Heat through Locomotive Boiler Tubes, 
 by Edward C. Schmidt and John M. Snodgrass. 1907. None available. 
 
 Tests of Reinforced Concrete T-Beams, Series of 1906, by Arthur N. Talbot. 
 1907. None available. 
 
 An Extension of the Dewey System of Classification Applied to Architecture 
 and Building, by N. Clifford Ricker. 1907. None available. 
 
 Tests of Reinforced Concrete Beams, Series of 1906, by Arthur N. Talbot. 
 1907. None available. 
 
 How to Burn Illinois Coal without Smoke, by L. P. Breckenridge. 1907. 
 None available. 
 
 A Study of Roof Trusses, by N. Clifford Ricker. 1907. None available. 
 
 The Weathering of Coal, by S. W. Parr and N. D. Hamilton. 1907. None 
 available. 
 
 The Strength of Chain Links, by G. A. Goodenough and L. E. Moore. 1907. 
 Forty cents. 
 
 Comparative Tests of Carbon, Metallized Carbon, and Tantalum Filament 
 Lamps, by T. H. Amrine. 1907. None available. 
 
 Tests of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Columns, Series of 1907, by Arthur 
 N. Talbot. 1907. None available. 
 
 Tests of a Liquid Air Plant, by C. S. Hudson and C. M. Garland. 1908. 
 Fifteen cents. 
 
 Tests of Cast Iron and Reinforced Concrete Culvert Pipe, by Arthur N. Talbot. 
 1908. None available. 
 
 Voids, Settlement and Weight of Crushed Stone, by Ira O. Baker. 1908. 
 Fifteen cents. 
 
68 
 24. 
 
 25, 
 
 26. 
 
 Pap 
 28. 
 29. 
 30. 
 aie 
 a2. 
 
 B3: 
 34. 
 
 35: 
 36. 
 37: 
 38. 
 39. 
 40. 
 
 AI. 
 42. 
 
 43. 
 44. 
 
 45: 
 46. 
 47. 
 
 48. 
 
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 The Modification of Illinois Coal by Low Temperature Distillation, by S. W. 
 Parr and C. K. Francis. 1908. Free upon request. 
 
 Lighting Country Homes by Private Electric Plants, by T. H. Amrine. 1908. 
 Twenty cents. 
 
 High Steam-Pressures in Locomotive Service (A Review of a Report to the 
 Carnegie Institution of Washington), by W. F. M. Goss. 1908. TJTwenty- 
 five cents. 
 
 Tests of Brick Columns and Terra Cotta Block Columns, by Arthur N. Talbot 
 and Duff A. Abrams. 1908. Twenty-five cents. 
 
 A Test of Three Large Reinforced Concrete Beams, by Arthur N. Talbot. 
 1908. Fifteen cents. 
 
 Tests of Reinforced Concrete Beams: Resistance to Web Stresses, Series of 
 1907 and 1908, by Arthur N. Talbot. 1909. Forty-five cents. 
 
 On the Rate of Formation of Carbon Monoxide in Gas Producers, by J. K. 
 Clement, L. H. Adams, and C. N. Haskins. 1909. Free upon request. 
 
 Fuel Tests with House-Heating Boilers, by J. M. Snodgrass. 1909. Free 
 upon request. 
 
 The Occluded Gases in Coal, by S. W. Parr and Perry Barker. 1909. Fifteen 
 cents. 
 
 Tests of Tungsten Lamps, by T. H. Amrineand A. Guell. 1909. Twenty cents. 
 
 Tests of Two Types of Tile-Roof Furnaces under a Water-Tube Boiler, by 
 J. M. Snodgrass. 1909. Free upon request. 
 
 A Study of Base and Bearing Plates for Columns and Beams, by N. Clifford 
 Ricker. 1909. Twenty cents. 
 
 The Thermal Conductivity of Fire-Clay at High Temperatures, by J. K. 
 Clement and W. L. Egy. 1909. Twenty cents. 
 
 Unit Coal and the Composition of Coal Ash, by S. W. Parr and W. F. Wheeler. 
 1909. None available. 
 
 The Weathering of Coal, Series of 1909, by S. W. Parr and W. F. Wheeler. 
 1909. Free upon request. 
 
 Tests of Washed Grades of Illinois Coal, by C. S. McGovney. 1909. Free 
 upon request. 
 
 A Study in Heat Transmission, by J. K. Clement and C. M. Garland. 1909. 
 Ten cents. 
 
 Tests of Timber Beams, by Arthur N. Talbot. 1909. Thirty-five cents. 
 
 The Effect of Keyways on the Strength of Shafts, by Herbert F. Moore. 1909. 
 Free upon request. 
 
 Freight. Train Resistance, by Edward C. Schmidt. 1910. Seventy-five cents. 
 
 An Investigation of Built-up Columns under Load, by Arthur N. Talbot and 
 Herbert F. Moore. i910. Thirty-fwe cents. 
 
 The Strength of Oxyacetylene Welds in Steel, by Herbert L. Whiten 
 1910. Free upon request. 
 
 The Spontaneous Combustion of Coal, by S. W. Parr and F. W. Kressman. 
 1910. Free upon request. 
 
 Magnetic Properties of Heusler Alloys, by Edward B. Stephenson. 1910. 
 Free upon request. 
 
 Resistance to Flow through Locomotive Water Columns, by Arthur N. Talbot 
 and Melvin L. Enger. 1911. Free upon request. 3 
 
49. 
 50. 
 
 51. 
 52. 
 
 53. 
 54- 
 55: 
 
 56. 
 
 57: 
 
 | 58. 
 59: 
 60. 
 61. 
 62. 
 63. 
 64. 
 65. 
 66. 
 67. 
 
 68. 
 
 69. 
 70. 
 
 ars 
 
 723 
 
 ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 69 
 
 Tests of Nickel-Steel Riveted Joints, by Arthur N. Talbot and Herbert F. 
 Moore. 1911. Free upon request. . 
 
 Tests of a Suction Gas Producer, by C. M. Garland and A. P. Kratz. IgI1. 
 Free upon request. 
 
 Street Lighting, by J. M. Bryant and H. G. Hake. iIg11. Thirty-five cents. 
 
 An Investigation of the Strength of Rolled Zinc, by Herbert F. Moore. 1IgI1. 
 Free upon request. 
 
 Inductance of Coils, by Morgan Brooks and H. M. Turner. 1912. Free 
 upon request. 
 
 Mechanical Stresses in Transmission Lines, by A. Guell. 1912. Free upon 
 request. 
 
 Starting Currents of Transformers, with Special Reference to Transformers 
 with Silicon Steel Cores, by Trygve D. Yensen. 1912. Free upon request. 
 
 Test of Columns: An Investigation of the Value of Concrete as Reinforcement 
 for Structural Steel Columns, by Arthur N. Talbot and Arthur R. Lord. 
 1912. Free upon request. 
 
 Superheated Steam in Locomotive Service (A Review of Publication No. 127 
 of the Carnegie Institution of Washington), by W. F. M. Goss. 1912. 
 Free upon request. 
 
 A New Analysis of the Cylinder Performance of Reciprocating Engines, by 
 J. Paul Clayton. 1912. Free upon request. 
 
 The Effects of Cold Weather upon Train Resistance and Tonnage Rating, by 
 Edward C. Schmidt and F. W. Marquis. 1912. Free upon request. 
 The Coking of Coal at Low Temperatures (With a Preliminary Study of the 
 
 By-Products), by S. W. Parrand H.L. Olin. 1912. Twenty-five cents. 
 
 Characteristics and Limitations of the Series Transformer, by A. R. Anderson 
 and H. R. Woodrow. 1912. Free upon request. 
 
 The Electron Theory of Magnetism, by Elmer H. Williams. 1912. Thirty- 
 five cents. 
 
 Entropy-Temperature and Transmission Diagrams for Air, by C. R. Richards. 
 1913. Twenty-five cents. 
 
 Tests of Reinforced Concrete Buildings under Load, by Arthur N. Talbot and 
 Willis A. Slater. 1913. Free upon request. 
 
 The Steam Consumption of Locomotive Engines from the Indicator Diagrams, 
 by J. Paul Clayton. 1913. Free upon request. 
 
 The Properties of Saturated and Superheated Ammonia Vapor, by G. A. Good- 
 enough and Wm. Earl Mosher. 1913. Fuzfty cents. 
 
 Reinforced Concrete Wall Footings and Column Footings, by Arthur N. Talbot. 
 1913. Fifty cents. 
 
 The Strength of I-Beams in Flexure, by Herbert F. Moore. 1913. Twenty 
 cents. 
 
 Coal Washing in Illinois, by F. C. Lincoln. 1913. Fifty cents. 
 
 The Mortar-Making Qualities of Illinois Sands, by C. C. Wiley. 1913. 
 Twenty cents. 
 
 Tests of Bond between Concrete and Steel, by D. A. Abrams. 1913. One 
 dollar. 
 
 Magnetic and Other Properties of Electrolytic Iron Melted in Vacuo, by 
 Trygve D. Yensen. 1914. Free upon request. 
 
70 
 
 73: 
 74. 
 
 75: 
 76. 
 
 77° 
 78. 
 79- 
 80. 
 81. 
 32. 
 83. 
 84. 
 85. 
 86. 
 OF 
 88. 
 89. 
 go. 
 gi. 
 92. 
 93- 
 94. 
 95: 
 96. 
 
 97. 
 
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 Acoustics of Auditoriums, by F. R. Watson. 1914. Twenty cents. 
 
 The Tractive Resistance of a 28-ton Electric Car, by Harold H. Dunn. 1914. 
 Free upon request. 
 
 Thermal Properties of Steam, by G. A. Goodenough. 1914. Thirty-five cents. 
 
 The Analysis of Coal with Phenol as a Solvent, by S. W. Parr and H. F. Hadley. 
 1914. Twenty-five cents. 
 
 The Effect of Boron upon the Magnetic and Other Properties of Electrolytic 
 Iron Melted in Vacuo, by Trygve D. Yensen. 1915. Free upon request. 
 
 A Study of Boiler Losses, by A. P. Kratz. 1915. Free upon request. 
 
 The Coking of Coal at Low Temperatures with Special Reference to the 
 Properties and Composition of the Products, by S. W. Parr and H. L. Olin. 
 1915. Free upon request. 
 
 Wind Stresses in the Steel Frames of Office Buildings, by W. M. Wilson and 
 G. A. Maney. 1915. Fifty cents. 
 
 Influence of Temperature on the Strength of Concrete, by A. B. McDaniel. 
 1915. Free upon request. ; 
 
 Laboratory Tests of a Consolidation Locomotive, by E. C. Schmidt, J. M. Snod- 
 grass, and R. B. Keller. 1915. Szxty-five cents. 
 
 Magnetic and Other Properties of Iron-Silicon Alloys, Melted in Vacuo, by 
 Trygve D. Yensen. 1915. Free upon request. 
 
 Tests of Reinforced Concrete Flat Slab Structures, by Arthur N. Talbot and 
 Willis A. Slater. 1916. Sixty-five cents. 
 
 The Strength and Stiffness of Steel under Biaxial Loading, by A. J. Becker. 
 1916. Free upon request. 
 
 Strength of Webs of I-Beams and Girders, by H. F. Moore and W. M. Wilson. 
 1916. Free upon request. 
 
 Correction of Echoes and Reverberation in the Auditorium, University of 
 Illinois, by F. R. Watson and J. M. White. 1916. Free upon request. 
 
 Dry Preparation of Bituminous Coal at Illinois Mines, by E. A. Holbrook. 
 1916. Seventy cents. 
 
 Specific Gravity Studies of Illinois Coal, by M. L. Nebel. 1916. Free upon 
 request. 
 
 Some Graphical Solutions of Electric Railway Problems, by A. M. Buck. 1916. 
 Free upon request. 
 
 Subsidence Resulting from Mining, by L. E. Young and H. H. Stoek. 1916. 
 None available. 
 
 The Tractive Resistance on Curves of a 28-ton Electric Car, by E. C. Schmidt 
 and H. H. Dunn. 1916. Free upon request. 
 
 A Preliminary Study of the Alloys of Chromium, Copper, and Nickel, by D. F. 
 McFarland and O. E. Harder. 1916. Free upon request. 
 
 The Embrittling Action of Sodium Hydroxide on Soft Steel, by S. W. Parr. 
 1917. Free upon request. 
 
 Magnetic and Other Properties of Iron-Aluminum Alloys Melted in Vacuo 
 by T. D. Yensen and W. A. Gatward. 1917. Free upon request. 
 
 The Effect of Mouthpieces on the Flow of Water through a Submerged Short 
 Pipe, by Fred B. Seely. 1917. Free upon request. 
 
 Effects of Storage upon the Properties of Coal, by S. W. Parr. 1917. Free 
 upon request. 
 
98. 
 
 ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION vig’ 
 
 Tests of Oxyacetylene Welded Joints in Steel Plates, by Herbert F. Moore. 
 1917. Free upon request. 
 
 99. The Collapse of Short Thin Tubes, by A. P. Carman. 1917. Free upon 
 
 100. 
 
 Iol. 
 
 102. 
 
 103. 
 
 104. 
 
 105. 
 
 106. 
 
 107. 
 
 108. 
 
 109. 
 
 IIo. 
 
 request. 
 
 Percentage of Extraction of Bituminous Coal with Special Reference to Illinois 
 Conditions, by C. M. Young. 1917. Free upon request. 
 
 Comparative Tests of Six Sizes of Illinois Coal on a Mikado Locomotive, by 
 E. C. Schmidt, J. M. Snodgrass, and O. S. Beyer, Jr. 1917. Free upon 
 request. 
 
 A Study of the Heat Transmission of Building Materials, by A. C. Willard 
 and L. C. Lichty. 1917. Free upon request. 
 
 An Investigation of Twist Drills, by B. W. Benedict and W. P. Lukens. 1917. 
 Free upon request. 
 
 Tests to Determine the Rigidity of Riveted Joints of Steel Structures, by 
 W. M. Wilson and H. F. Moore. 1917. Free upon request. 
 
 Hydraulic Experiments with Valves, Orifices, Hose, Nozzles, and Orifice 
 Buckets, by Arthur N. Talbot, F. B. Seely, V. R. Fleming, and M. L. 
 Enger. 1918. Free upon request. 
 
 Test of a Flat Slab Floor of the Western Newspaper Union Building, by 
 Arthur N. Talbot and H. F. Gonnerman. 1918. Free upon request. 
 Analysis and Tests of Rigidly Connected Reinforced Concrete Frames, by 
 
 Mikishi Abe. 1918. Free upon request. 
 
 Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Structures by the Slope Deflection 
 Method, by W. M. Wilson, F. E. Richart, and Camillo Weiss. 1918. 
 Free upon request. 
 
 The Pipe Orifice as a Means of Measuring Flow of Water through a Pipe, by 
 R. E. Davis and H. H. Jordan. 1918. Free upon request. 
 
 Passenger Train Resistance, by E. C. Schmidt and H. H. Dunn. 1918. 
 Free upon request. 
 
72 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 NEEDS OF THE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING — 
 AND OF THE ENGINEERING 
 EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 The Staff of Instruction.—The physical equipment of 
 a modern College of Engineering should be sufficient to 
 meet fully the existing demands for instruction and research 
 and it should be located in well designed and attractive 
 laboratories. ‘To render such equipment effective, however, 
 it is imperative that the men in charge of instruction be 
 specialists of wide experience and of high ideals. It is only 
 through this combination of men and of equipment that 
 an institution can occupy a commanding position.in the 
 field of engineering education. 
 
 The requirements of modern engineering education 
 impose unusually exacting qualifications for membership 
 in the teaching staffs of the technical schools. The success- 
 ful instructor in engineering must have had a thorough 
 educational and professional preparation for his work; he 
 should have had a sufficient amount of practical engineering 
 experience to appreciate fully the problems which his students 
 will encounter after graduation; he must be tactful in his 
 relations with men, and possessed of a personality which 
 will inspire the confidence and enthusiasm of his students; 
 and he must be filled with a desire to extend the knowledge 
 of the subject which he represents, through scientific 
 research and through contributions to its literature. The 
 truly effective college professor has all the characteristics 
 of leadership which are essential to success in business and 
 professional life, in addition to certain qualifications already 
 named, some of which may be of minor importance to success 
 in a business or professional career. The period of appren- 
 ticeship through which an instructor must pass before he 
 
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 73 
 
 can expect to become a professor of engineering is a long 
 one, and when he finally reaches a position of eminence 
 and distinction 1n his work, he is forced to accept an income 
 which is far below that which may be attained by men of 
 similar accomplishments in business or professional work. 
 As a result of this condition, it is exceedingly difficult to 
 attract the proper kind of young men into academic work, 
 notwithstanding the satisfaction which a teacher enjoys in 
 -his contact with young men, and the opportunities for 
 study and research which the college life affords. While 
 it may never be possible for the engineering colleges to 
 compete with the industries for men, it is fundamental to 
 their future success that they be permitted to provide 
 salaries which will render it possible for a college instructor 
 to continue his work without such large sacrifices in earning 
 power as now prevail. A very substantial increase in the 
 salaries paid to college instructors and professors must be 
 made if a high ‘efficiency of instruction in educational 
 institutions is to be maintained. At the present time, 
 because of the tremendous increase in the cost of living, 
 and of little, if any, change in salaries, the purchasing power 
 of a professor’s salary has been very greatly decreased. 
 
 The College of Engineering of the University of 
 Illinois should be permitted to readjust its scale of salaries 
 so that it may attract the best technical educators to its 
 staff and hold them against the competition of other 
 similar institutions. In the opinion of those responsible 
 for the development of the College of Engineering, the 
 salary scale should be promptly readjusted to the following 
 basis: 
 
 YEARLY 
 Heads of Departments . . . Pa S000 CD. 0,000 
 Professors, not Heads of Deperonents Sy HOOT ce eh ONO 
 Associate Professors es gh a 2 DOOM ahr OO 
 
 Assistant Professors SSA ee fee ie re a,200.s** 31000 
 
74 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 YEARLY 
 Associates DOB a a Oe ue 
 Instructors. eee oie 1,500" 4,860 
 Full-time Assistants Poe Ur Sa aaa 1,000 “Sai aeons 
 Half-time Assistants are BN 600 "ae 
 
 In order that the College of Engineering may keep 
 pace with the rapid advance in engineering science, and that 
 it may respond to the industrial needs of the State, it is 
 imperative that it be prepared to add to its staff, from 
 time to time, men who are recognized as leaders in their 
 respective fields. As a result of the war, the number of 
 men in the staff of the College has been seriously reduced. 
 Its faculty must be increased as rapidly as suitable men 
 can be found to fill the vacancies which now exist, and it 
 must be prepared to add a considerable number of new 
 professors and instructors who are specialists in phases of 
 engineering as yet undeveloped in this institution. It seems 
 inevitable that the enrolment in the College of Engineering 
 will increase during the next few years, so that substantial 
 additions to the salary budget for this College will be 
 necessary to provide for the instruction of increasing 
 numbers of students. 
 
 This problem of staff organization and development is 
 doubtless the most important one with which the officers 
 of the College of Engineering have to deal. The Univer- 
 sity and the people of the State must recognize the increas- 
 ing difficulty in securing instructors of the type herein 
 specified, and they must. be prepared to codperate in the 
 effort to maintain a faculty comparable with those in the 
 best technical schools of the world. Unless this is done, 
 the standing of this institution cannot be maintained. 
 
 The Maintenance and Extension of Equipment.—During 
 recent years there has been little change in the appropria- 
 tions for current expenses and for the maintenance and 
 
NOILIGGY dasod0u¥dgd AHL AO HOLYAS V HLIM “AYOLVAOAVT ONIAXANIONY ONINIPL FHL 
 
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ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 77 
 
 extension of equipment in the College of Engineering. 
 There has been a considerable decrease this year in the 
 appropriation for this purpose. The cost of materials, 
 supplies and equipment needed for instruction has very 
 greatly increased within the last few years, and it is unlikely 
 that there will be any marked decrease in the cost of such 
 commodities for some time. Assuming that the enrolment 
 in the College will increase beyond that which prevailed 
 prior to the war, it will be essential that additional funds 
 be provided for this purpose during the coming biennium. 
 
 In addition to the funds for materials, supplies and 
 the maintenance of existing equipment, it is imperative 
 that there be provided annually an adequate fund for the 
 purchase of new equipment and for the replacement of 
 obsolete apparatus. The astonishing development which 
 has taken place in engineering science during recent years 
 has rendered it desirable that the College replace much of 
 its antiquated equipment with modern apparatus, so that the 
 student may become familiar with the latest developments 
 in every branch of engineering. No industrial organiza- 
 tion can afford to use equipment which has been rendered 
 obsolete by the development of new processes and appara- 
 tus, and no college of engineering should be expected to 
 use antiquated equipment for the instruction of men who 
 will later be in responsible charge of the industries of the 
 country. 
 
 The Engineering Experiment Station.—At the present 
 time the appropriations for salaries, for expenses connected 
 with investigations and for the publication and distribu- 
 tion of bulletins of the Engineering Experiment Station are 
 insufficient to meet the reasonable desires of the Executive 
 staff. Each department in the College should be provided 
 with one or more full-time research assistants, and there 
 
78 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 should be an increased number of Research Graduate 
 Assistants available for those departments which can use 
 them effectively. The obligations of the members of the 
 teaching staff of the College to their students prevent their 
 doing much significant research work without assistance. 
 Where members of the teaching staff need such assist- 
 ance, the Station should be prepared to provide for this 
 need. Additional funds for salaries in the Engineering Ex- 
 periment Station are necessary to enable it to fulfill its 
 obligations to stimulate and promote research. 
 
 In addition to an adequate scientific staff, the Station 
 must be prepared to provide the varied equipment essential 
 to the successful prosecution of every investigation which 
 is undertaken. Up to the present time it has been necessary 
 to plan a program of investigations which involve a mini- 
 mum of expense. Many desirable and important investi- 
 gations should be undertaken when adequate funds are 
 available. It is hoped that the importance of research 
 will justify a substantial increase in the appropriations for 
 such work. | 
 
 A considerable proportion of the money appropriated 
 to the Engineering Experiment Station is required for the 
 printing and distribution of bulletins and circulars. It is 
 obvious that the research work of the Station would be 
 useless, unless the results are made available to every one 
 interested. The work of the Engineering Experiment 
 Station, which has already been completed, is sufficient 
 evidence of the importance of the Station to the State, and 
 it should be sufficient justification for more generous sup- 
 port of this institution in the future. ; 
 
 Buildings and Land.—With the exception of the 
 Departments of Physics, Railway Engineering and Ceramic 
 Engineering, there are no other departments in the College 
 
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 79 
 
 of Engineering which have adequate facilities either in 
 buildings or equipment. In some of the older departments 
 of the College, the need for additional room 1s so serious 
 that their work is greatly handicapped, and it is difficult 
 for them to meet the changing conditions and needs of 
 engineering education and engineering research. Few of 
 the buildings occupied by the College of Engineering are of 
 permanent character, and the most of them are poorly 
 adapted to the work for which they are used. In the erec- 
 tion of the older buildings of the engineering group, no 
 attempt was made to secure architectural harmony, and 
 there seems to have been no definite scheme of campus 
 development. Many of the buildings have been out- 
 grown, and apparently few of them were designed with 
 much reference to the needs of the departments which they 
 house. 
 
 The successful future development of the College of 
 Engineering depends to a very large extent upon the erec- 
 tion of a group of buildings to house the various depart- 
 ments, which are designed so that each building becomes 
 a part of a properly conceived scheme of laboratories, 
 drafting rooms, museums, class-rooms and offices, arranged 
 to allow for future growth that will be rendered necessary 
 by an increased student enrolment and by the necessities 
 of a changing engineering practice. As the engineering 
 group is developed, it should conform to some harmonious 
 architectural plan which will insure that buildings will be 
 erected in proper relation to each other, and with due 
 regard for landscape effects in order to produce the impres- 
 sion of beauty and adaptability so desirable in college 
 architecture. | 
 
 Studies for the development of the campus of the 
 College of Engineering have been prepared by the staff of 
 the Department of Architecture, and the accompanying 
 
80 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 illustrations present perspective views of the group of | 
 
 engineering buildings which may ultimately be necessary ~ 
 
 to provide for the needs of the College. Estimates con- 
 cerning the. space requirements for the departments now, 
 represented in the College indicate the need for additional 
 major buildings of the class-room type having a gross floor 
 area of 465,600 square feet, together with buildings of the 
 laboratory type having a gross floor area of 452,900 square 
 feet. The estimated cost of the former type of buildings 
 is $3,146,000, and of the latter type is $1,695,000. 
 
 In the consideration of plans for the enlargement of 
 the College of Engineering, it has been definitely agreed 
 that the campus should be extended to the eastward from 
 the: buildings already erected. In order that this plan 
 may be realized, it will be necessary for the University to 
 purchase a considerable quantity of city property. Much 
 of this property is improved, and consequently its cost will 
 be large. Estimates have been made that the total cost 
 of the land which the University must ultimately acquire 
 to meet the needs of the College of Engineering will be 
 $270,000. | 
 
 The budget presented for the consideration of the 
 President and of the Board of Trustees provides for the 
 completion of a number of minor building projects, includ- 
 ing an addition to the Transportation Building, the erec- 
 tion of a wing to the Mining Laboratory, and a Railway 
 Electrical Laboratory. In addition to these building pro- 
 jects, which should take precedence over other construction 
 work, the officers of the College of Engineering consider it 
 essential that provision be made as soon as possible for a 
 building to house the Department of Architecture and 
 such of the Fine Arts as may ultimately be developed in 
 the University; a building to provide for the needs of 
 the Departments of Mining Engineering, Metallurgical 
 
GaGNAWWOOAY SI HOIHM JO 
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ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 83 
 
 Engineering and Chemical Engineering; a building to house 
 the Departments of Electrical Engineering and Mechanical 
 Engineering; a building to provide for the Departments of 
 Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Municipal and Sant- 
 tary Engineering and Civil Engineering; a building to house 
 the Shop Laboratories; and a building to provide for 
 instruction and research in Hydraulic Engineering. In 
 some one of these major buildings, or perhaps preferably in 
 a separate building, provision should be made for a great 
 Engineering Museum, in which there can be brought 
 together a comprehensive exhibit of machines and processes. 
 The educational value of such a museum cannot be over- 
 emphasized in a country which has done so much in inven- 
 tion and in the development of industrial processes. 
 
 If the changing and constantly increasing needs of the 
 College of Engineering are to be properly met, it 1s impor- 
 tant that some definite continuing program be approved 
 for the construction of buildings for its use, and that funds 
 be provided to render it possible to proceed with the erec- 
 tion of a dignified, harmonious group of btildings such as is 
 herein proposed. 
 
 Summer Surveying Camp.—When instruction in engi- 
 neering was first undertaken by the colleges, comparatively 
 little progress had been made in its development as a sci- 
 ence. The employers of graduates of engineering schools 
 demanded that these men be prepared to engage in practical 
 work, and consequently the curriculums offered by the col- 
 leges included a large amount of time devoted to such 
 practical subjects as surveying, shop work, drafting, etc. 
 During recent years the more exacting requirements for 
 extended theoretical and scientific knowledge in engineering 
 have rendered it necessary to increase the time devoted 
 to the study of the mathematical, physical, and applied 
 
84 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
 
 sciences, and as a consequence the time for the so-called 
 practical subjects has been reduced. ‘To meet these chang- 
 ing conditions and at the same time to retain in the curric- 
 ulum as much as possible of the practical work, a consid- 
 erable number of the institutions of the country require 
 their students to do some kind of summer work. Nearly 
 all the leading technical schools in America now require 
 some summer instruction in surveying, and many of them 
 have more or less elaborate summer camps for instruction 
 in this subject and in other related engineering work. 
 
 The College of Engineering of the University of Illinois 
 needs to provide for more instruction in surveying and 
 map-making. The location of the University is not such 
 as to permit instruction and practice in topographic, hydro- 
 graphic, mine and railway surveying, and conditions are 
 not favorable for instruction in simple plane surveying. 
 It is important, therefore, that this institution adopt the 
 plan for a summer camp, which has been found successful. 
 in other colleges. In such a camp the students may receive 
 proper instruction in surveying, under conditions which 
 closely approximate those in practical engineering work. 
 
 since a Summer surveying camp should be located on a 
 large tract of land of varied topography, with streams or 
 lakes to enable hydrographic surveying to be undertaken, 
 it is recommended that the University acquire a tract of 
 2,000 or 3,000 acres of land in Northern Michigan or North- 
 ern Wisconsin, which may be obtained for a relatively small 
 sum per acre and which will provide for our needs in this 
 connection. A tract in either of these states will afford 
 climatic conditions favorable to outside work. It would 
 be necessary to erect on this land a few simple buildings to 
 be used as mess halls and for purposes of study. For a 
 time at least, it is probable that the students would be 
 quartered in tents. 
 
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 85 
 
 THE PROPOSED BUDGET FOR THE COLLEGE OF 
 ENGINEERING AND THE ENGINEERING EX- 
 PERIMENT STATION FOR THE BIENNIUM 
 
 BEGINNING JULY 1, 1919 
 
 FTER careful consideration of the needs of the Col- 
 
 lege of Engineering and the Engineering Experiment 
 station, the Dean and Heads of Departments have sub- 
 mitted a budget for the consideration of the President and 
 the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois, which 
 is herewith presented. 
 
 It was proposed that salaries be readjusted in accord- 
 ance with the schedule presented in the preceding section 
 of this report, and that provision be made for such new 
 members of the staff as may be necessary to provide for the 
 instruction of students during the coming biennium, or for 
 the development of new work which should be undertaken 
 during this period. In addition to the items for salaries 
 and for the purchase of materials, supplies, equipment, 
 etc., there is included an item for the purchase of land 
 necessary for the future development of a proper building 
 program for the College of Engineering, and another item 
 for the purchase of land to provide facilities for a Summer 
 Surveying Camp. 
 
 It is considered essential that during the coming 
 biennium, funds be provided for the completion of the 
 Transportation Building, for an addition to the Mining 
 Laboratory, for the erection of a Railway Electrical Labora- 
 tory, and for a small addition to the Machine Shop to serve 
 as a demonstration room for the instruction of students 
 in machine shop practice and management. In addition 
 to these minor structures, it is considered desirable by 
 those responsible for the development of the College of 
 
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS — URBANA ) 
 
 86 COLLEGE OF ENGINE] | | | . 
 N3011210@6388620 
 
 Engineering that an appropriation be made for the erection 
 of a building to provide adequate facilities for the Depart- 
 ments of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Municipal . 
 and Sanitary Engineering and Civil Engineering; for a 
 building for the Department of Architecture; and for a 
 building to house the various Shop Laboratories. 
 
 BUDGET ESTIMATES FOR THE 
 
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 
 For THE BIENNIUM BEGINNING JULY 1, 1919 
 
 SUBMITTED FOR THE CONSIDERATION OF THE 
 PRESIDENT AND BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 
 
 ITEM For the Year | For the Year ete: 
 1919-1920 1920-1921 1919-1921 
 SALARIES 
 College of: Fagineéring Gh $411,740 $469,960 | $ 881,700 
 Engineering Experiment Station......... 77,450 85,030 162,480 
 Coal Mining Investigations... .... 1.2... 3,400 3,600 7,000 
 LL otals? 2 ae a eee $492,590 $558,590 | $1,051,180 
 EXPENSES 
 College of Baginecring 5 642 nee $ 75,000 $ 75,000 | $150,000 
 Engineering Experiment Station........ 25,000 25,000 50,000 
 Coal Mining Investigations............. 1,800 1,800 3,600 - 
 OGAIG yo eee ee ee $101,800 | $101,800 $203,600 
 LAND 
 Land for the Development of the College 
 
 of Eneinecring. 72. bee ne $135,000 | $ 135,000 $270,000 
 
 Land for a Summer Surveying Camp.... 30,000 30,000 
 
 Totals icc" ve oes ee $165,000 $135,000 | $300,000 
 
 BUILDINGS . 
 
 Completion of Transportation Building..| $ 45,000 $ 45,000 
 Addition to Mining Laboratory......... 25,000 25,000 
 Railway Electrical Laboratory.......... 35,000 35,000 
 Addition to Machine Shop............. 2,500 2,500 
 Building for Departments of Theoretical 
 
 and Applied Mechanics, Municipal and 
 
 Sanitary Engineering and Civil Engi- 
 
 NECTING 20701 a A ee ee re ae 25,000 $275,000 300,000 
 Building for Department of Architecture 25,000 275,000 300,000 
 Building for Shop Laboratories......... 150,000 150,000 
 
 Tots Ce ee ee $157,500 $700,000 | $857,500 
 Grand Totals...........| $916,890 |. $1,495,390 
 
 $2,412,280