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 Bulletin No. 24 January 28, 192c. 
 MW! WW LEIGHTON 
 COMMONYEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA 
 
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 DEPARTMENT O: INTERNAL 1FPAIRS 
 James F. Woodward, Secretary 
 
 ——— 
 
 BURE.U OF POPOCR. .PHTC AND CEOLOGIC..L SURVEY 
 George H. ishley, Statc pea Re 
 
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 COAL BEDS IN GREENE COUNTY, PONNSYLVANTIA 
 BY 
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 Introduction. 
 
 Greene County has more wnmined coal than any other county in 
 Pennsylvania and is estimatec to contain one-fourth of the reserves 
 of the Pittsnurgh coal in the State. So far extensive coal sears 
 has been limited to the Monongahela River district where the Pitts- 
 burgh coal OUTCTODS » The impcrtant coels, with the excez tion of 
 the Waynesburg bed, have no outcroys in the county west of Mononge- 
 hela River, and lic at -reat depth. Since the more easily accessible 
 coal . along the river is rapicly being worked out, shaft mining has 
 Started in other parts of the county. Driliing for oil and gas has 
 shown several other coals below the Pittsburcvh bed but their identity 
 is uncertain and it is impossible at present to estimate their 
 tonnage. Their development will be delayed because of their great 
 depth. 
 
 In 1918 Greene County stood thirteenth among the counties in 
 Pennsylvania producing» Bee coal, with an output of 1,269,425 
 tons, valued at $3,309, Of this quantity 1,098,505 tons vere 
 loadeé at the mine for eta 1t; 50,265 tons were sold to local 
 trade and used by emplovees; 32 ery tons were usec at the mines for 
 Steam and heat; 108,355 tons valued at $254,630 were made into coke 
 at the mines. The Pittsburgh ¢coal furnished most of this output and 
 also practically all the coke. 
 
 Greene County has at least eight workable coals The Pittsburgh 
 co2el is the only one that-can be worked over large areas; the others 
 are workeble only locally, because they are for the most part too 
 thin and dirty to be commercially valuable. Thirty beds are known 
 
 in the county, They range from a few inches to 6 feet thick, but 
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average less than 1 foot. Their total thickness would approximate 
 25 feet. 
 
 Greene Sounty forms the southvesterm corner of the State. It 
 is boundeé on the north by Washington County; on the east by Fayette 
 County and on the south and west by West Virginia. Its maximum 
 length is 32 miles, its maximum width 19 miles, and its area is 
 590.4 square miles. Its 1920 population was 30,804. 
 
 The river district, from which most of the production comes, has 
 ample transportation facilities. The Monongahela division of the 
 Pennsylvania railroad follows the valley of Monongahela River south 
 from Pittsburgh, and carries coal both north and south. The Mononga- 
 hela with its locks offers another means of transvortation to Pitts- 
 burgh an@ points to the south. The central and western parts of the 
 county are not well served by railroads. The Wheeling coal railroad 
 enters the county from West Virginia at the state line near the 
 northern county line and follows that line a few miles and then enters 
 YJaShington County. The Waynesburg and Washington railroad runs 
 between Washington and Waynesburg. The Morgantown and heeling 
 railroad, which connects with the lonongahela division of the Penn- 
 Sylvania railroad at a point north of Morgantown, West Virginia, 
 onens up &@ small district in the southern part of the county. 
 
 In the absence of railroads, much coal is hauled over the 
 highwavs for local and domestic use. These highways are mostly 
 dirt roads and are good in summer but nearly impassable in winter. 
 
 The county is decidecly hilly. It is a thoroughly dissected 
 region with a relief of about 800 feet. The elevations range from 
 860 to 1600 feet. Narrow ridges and rounded Imobs with steep slopes 
 at their base are characteristic. The streams have entrenched them- 
 selves in narrow valleys with rather steep slopes. Terraces and 
 benches occur along the larger tributaries, particularly in the 
 eastern portion of the county. 
 
 ? 
 
 STRUCTURE, 
 
 Greene County is crossec in a general northeast-southwest 
 direction by a number of anticlines and synclines forming a series 
 of waves Which, from east to west, are as follows: Lambert syncline, 
 Brownsville anticline, Whiteley syncline, Bellevernon anticline, 
 Waynesburg syncline, Amity anticline, Nineveh syncline, and Washing- 
 ton anticline. They reach their highest point, 750 feet above sea, 
 on the Rrownsvilie anticline near Willow Tree and their lovest point 
 on the Nineveh syneline, in which the Pittsburgh coal is only 100 
 feet above sea level and more than 1,000 feet below the surface. 
 
 The Dottom of the Pittsburgh coal was used as a datum plane for 
 drawing the structure contours. 
 
 The Lambert syncline begins at Jillow Tree and extends northeast 
 across Monongahela River. The Pittsburgh coal is 450 feet above tice 
 
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at its deepest point in the syncline. The slopes are gentile on both 
 flanrs of the basin. 
 
 The rocks rising to the west form an irregular arch, the Browns- 
 ville anticline. This structure is irregular and not well defined in 
 Greene County. 
 
 The Whiteley Enaiine) lying to the west of the Brownsville anti- 
 C.ine is another minor structure. Its sloves are very gentle and its 
 b°ttom wide and shallow, tending to deepen to the south. 
 
 The Bellevernon anticline, with its axis running through the 
 tovm of that name, and extending to the southeastern part of Creene 
 County, is a pronounced and an important structural feature. ‘here 
 the anticline crosses the Monongahela at Charleston, the Pittsburgh 
 coal is 1,000 feet above sea level. Both slopes of the anticline 
 are gentile. 
 
 The Waynesburg syncline is an unimportant structural feature 
 lying west of the Bellevemon anticline. 
 
 The amity anticline is the next structure to the west. It tails 
 out Soon after entering the covnty and its flanks are not well de- 
 fined. .The elevation of the Pittsburgh coal on the axis varies 
 between 420 and 460 feet above sea. 
 
 The Nineveh syncline, which lies to the west of the Amity anti- 
 cline, is one of the deepest in the ippalachian coal basin, and has 
 a well Gefinea axis. The southeastexrn slove of the syncline is 
 irregular and the steepest dips are in the vicinity of the town of 
 Nineveh. Further to the south the dips are gentle. On the western 
 flank the rocl:s rise abruptly to the Washington anticline. 
 
 The Washington anticline crosses the extreme northwest »vart or 
 the county. The divs are steep on the southeastern flank, averaging 
 about 100 feet per mile, with she excevdtion of that part lying be- 
 tween Graysville and Bristoria, where the dip locally increases to 
 200 feet ver mile. 4 roughivy triansv lar come hes its center near 
 Jacksonvillg. Further north the axig rises again. 
 
 STRATIGRAPHY. 
 
 Greene County is geologically the highest voint in the western 
 part of the State because it contains higher beds in the Greene forma- 
 tion than anv other county. The Greene and “ashington formations of 
 Permjsn age awd the Monongahela formation of the Pennsvivanian series 
 of the Carboniferous constitute the outcroppins bedrocks. Deposits 
 of gravels, clays and sand of Ouaternary age occupy the valley 
 bottoms. The Greene formation covers large areas in the county and 
 is chiefly composed of easily weathered sandstones and shales. The 
 upver vart of the formation has been removed by erosion. That which 
 remains is about 800 feet thick. The ‘/Jashington formation which lies 
 beneath it has not undergone much erosion. It is composed chieflv of 
 Sandstones, shales and coals and hes a maximum thickness of 400 feet, 
 
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The Monongahela formation, which varies in thickness from 270 to 400 
 feet, remains almost wholly ‘intact throughout the county. It con- 
 tains shales and sandstones, over 100 feet of limestone, and five 
 coal beds which are locally workable. The lower formations are 
 known only from drill records and little definite knowledce is to be 
 had concerning their character. 
 
 COALS. 
 
 Greene County contains the conls highest in the Carboniferous 
 system in Pemsylvania. Thirteen coals outcrop in the county, of 
 Which eight are locally workable and the others are thin and unim- 
 portant. 1 coal bed that lies between 625 and 720 feet below the 
 Pittsburgh coal and has been encountered in many drill holes, is 
 tentatively correlated with the Upver Freeport coal which, in eastern 
 VYashington County is 600 feet below the Pittsburgh coal, 
 
 Pittsburgh Coal. The Pittsburgh coal outcrops along the valley of 
 lionengahela River and its tributaries in the eastern part of the 
 county. It outcrops along Ten Mile Creek nearly up to ‘Jaynesburg; 
 up Muddy Creek for four miles and up Whiteley Cree for eight miles 
 from the river. The Pittsburgh coal is probably workable everywhere 
 in Greene County but it doubtless varies in thickness. It has good 
 cokine qualities and during recent years has been bought up by large 
 iron companies as a reserve for the future production of coke. 
 
 This coal is cheracteristically a double bed, having a roof 
 division separated from.a lower division by a clay parting from + 
 inch to 3 feet thick. In the northern part of the county especially, 
 @ root snale 8 to 12 inches thick comes in over the upper division 
 of the bed. The roof division of the coal varies from 2 inches to 
 8 feet in thickness and is cut by many clay partings. The coal of 
 the roof division is verv high in ash and sulphur, The lower and 
 mineable division of the bed varies from 3 inches to 9 feet in thick- 
 ness, including three persistent partings. These thin s.rtinss 
 Sevarate the lower division into four distinet benches; the upper or 
 "Breast", the "Bearing-in", the "Rrick", and the "Lower Bottom". 
 
 The "Breast" coal is generally the best and thickest vart of the bed 
 and in this county is free from any distinct impurities. The 
 "Bearing-in" bench is usually-2 to 4 inches thick with a thin bone 
 binder above and below it, and is so soft that the miners use it to 
 bear in on the other coal to gain a working face. The coal is so 
 Soft that it mines out as slack. The "Brick" coal is so namec 
 because the cleavage planes tend to make it break and mine out in 
 brick-shaped bloeks. As a rule, the "Brick" coal is of excellent 
 quality although locally it is impure and not mineé. The "Lower 
 Bottom" is the lowest bench of the lower division. It is generally 
 very impure and carries numerous shale nartings.* In vnlaces, however, 
 a few inches at the top is good clean coal and iS mined with the 
 Seeack” com. . 
 
 The roof division of the Pittsburgh bed thickens and the lower 
 division thins to the north: The characteristic binders are every- 
 where present. In Dunkard, Monongahela and Jefferson townships 
 the exposures of the Pittsburgh coal show a‘thin top division and 4a 
 
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9 foot lower division. In southern Greene County near the State 
 line this coal measures 7 feet with $+ inch of slate 6 inches above 
 the bottom. On Dunkard Creek the bed is 11 feet thick with a clay 
 parting 8 inches above the bottom. At Greensboro the roof and main 
 clays are each 1 foot thick; the lower division of the coal is 9 
 feet thick with benches of 6, l and 2 feet. The partings are very 
 thin. The coal appears to be thinnest at the mouth of Cheat River. 
 
 Redstone Coal. This bed which lies 50 feet above the Pitts- 
 burgh coal is persistent in the county but rarely is mineable, its 
 average thickness being less than 18 inches. Its horizon is often 
 marked by black shale carrying a few inches of coal. Along Mononga- 
 hela River the bed is represented by 13 feet of bituminous shale, 
 While in the districts back from the river the bed is a few inches 
 of clean coal, \ 
 
 Sewickley Coal. The few outcrops of the Sewickley coal are 
 confined to Si eastern part of the county where it is mined 
 chiefly in the vicinity of Maple town} hence its local name, the 
 Mapletown coal. In this locality the’ coal varies from 4 inches to 
 
 5 feet 6 inches in thickness. At Grays Landing the bed is in two 
 
 2 foot benches separated by 1 foot of slale. At Hartleys Mills the 
 coal is thicker than at Grays Landing, but is cut by many clay 
 partings. The top and middle benches are fair coal, but the lower 
 bench is dirty and carries much sulphur. Below Clarksville on Ten 
 Mile Creek the coal is 12 to 20 inches thick and carries 1 to 3 
 partings. The coal makes its best Showing at -Mapletown; where it is 
 divided into three benches of 2 feet 3 inches, 4 inches, and 2 feet 
 6 inches, parted by clay binders 1 to 2 feet thick. It lies about 
 120 feet above the Pittsburgh coal. 
 
 ~Uniontown Coal. This bed, lying from 60 to 90 feet below the 
 Waynesburg coal, is not mined because it rarely exceeds 1 foot in 
 thickness. Its blossom is persistent, but in many places the 
 horizon is marked by bituminous shale, 
 
 Waynesburg Coal, The most important bed above the Pittsburgh 
 is the Waynesburg coal. It is the main source of domestic fuel in 
 many localities yet the quantity mined is small in comparison with 
 the output of Pittsburgh coel in the county. Its position 400 
 feet above the Pittsburgh coal makes the outcrop more widespread 
 and accessable, for it extends up South Tork of Tenmile Creek 
 toward iJaynesburg, up Whiteley Creek, and along Dunkard Creek and 
 Meadow Run, In the Fastern part of the county the ‘Jaynesburg coal 
 is 5 to 9 feet thick. In most localities it is a double bed. The 
 upper bench varies from 1 to 3 feet and the lower bench is from 2 
 feet 6 inches to 4 feet in thickness. The benches are sevarated by 
 a clay and shale parting having a thickness of 3 inches to 2 feet 
 4 inches. The coal is hard, but contains a large percentage of ash 
 and sulphur. On Tenmile Creek the bed is 4 feet 11 inches thick, of 
 Wiich 1 foot 5 inches is clay. At Jefferson it has a thickness of 
 7 feet 8 inches, with two clay partings totalling 1 foot 6 inches, 
 4t Clarksville it is 6 feet 4 inches, with two clay vartings of 5 
 and 14 inches, On Big Whiteley Creek the beé is 4 feet 11 inches 
 thick and carries two 2 inch clay partings. 
 
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 in 2022 with funding from 
 University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates 
 
 httos://archive.org/details/coalbedsingreeneOOsisl_ 0 
 
The Waynesburg "A" and the little Washington coals are thin beds 
 which are represented in most localities by a few feet of bituminous 
 Shale. 
 
 Washington Coal. This bed is the most persistent of the Dunkard 
 coals and although it has small importance in Greene County where it 
 rarely reaches mineable thickness, it is one of the important coals 
 in \iaashington County. In Greene County it is much swollen by clay 
 and bone pbartings and is irregular in thickness. Over large areas 
 the bed is represented only by bituminovs shale. This coal lies 140 
 to 180 feet above the ‘Jaynesburg coal. 
 
 Jollytowm Coal. This bed is minec locally for domestic use in 
 the Dunkard Creek region where it has a maximum thickness of 20 
 inches. [ts average thickness is less than 1 foot. It outcrops in 
 a number of places along the south fork of Tenmile Creek, on Browns 
 Creek and on Overflowing Run, 
 
 There are several small coals in the upper part of the Greene 
 formation that nowhere exceed a few inches in thickness and are not 
 mined. They are of geologic interest only and are not described in 
 this brief bulletin. They are, in ascending order, the Tenmile, 
 Dunkard, Nineveh, and Windy Gap coals. 
 
UNIVERSITY. OF ILLINOIS-U 
 
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