S 39.68 4: 6uL Ys * Bulletin No. 45 July 5, 1922. ~~ MM, yrs)? COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYIVANTA DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS James F, Woodward, Secretary BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY George H. Ashley, State Geologist WHITE CLAY DEPOSITS IN CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA BY E. S. Moore* Geological Occurrence. Deposits of white clay in central Ponnsylvanic are mostly found in the Nittmy Valley and invariably occur in the Upper Cambrian sandstone, known as the Gatesburg formetion, 2 name applied by the writer to this sandstone because it forms the bulk of Gatesburg Ridge in Centre County. The clays are of residual origin, and the fact that they are distributed in a linear arrangement, perallel to the strike of the Gatesburg rocks, indicates they have been derived from the weathering of argillaceous strata in this sandstone formation, which in many places contains beds of impure dolomite and of sand- stone mixed with clay, On account of this relation between the white clay and Cambrian sandstone it is evident there will be no sharp line of demarkation between the clay ane the sandstone along the strike, but the two rocks will grade into each other. In some‘pits a2 body of clay may be dug a few feet froma deposit of very fine, 2lmost pure, white sand but this sudden change is more likely to occur across the beds than parallel to them. The bulk of the clay comes from the borders of abandoned iron mines and a great deal of it was taken out in the past, while the iron was being worked, It has been found as tenses, seams, and irregular masses associated with the limonite ore but as a rule out- side the ore body. The clay within the area worked for ore is usually stained with iron. There are all gradations from clay *Dean of School of Mines, State College, ' This report was written in 1918, at the request of R. R. Hice, then State Geologist, yt TATE 3, . ey a arty pen A Vite res oy ih CF et prey ting Ay veh fen Po 4 fe yk hf Ty i eG a 4 deh uly Cac ; yee ee Rae a WAAR ROR ARNE? «emai a A ia ponds ey LO Nba tele AA Gal ae Sih re v0 Hs ARK ¢ i Wat ' bi) i ‘ | Ww \ ‘ yO a yl Yin Kana agen Be syacy ' Nell akan ‘ ‘ WN wh LOU LRN (ai grra Aa)")fu i 7 , \ f Nhat It nh De a hi OF i ait oa - vom YAN oamap A) aha hag gp ' Car Bg Ab Pea SSR il NS TR a 1B; e * 4 iy f 4 : Te SM Ai 1) See \ oy “ i a f Mas ae 9 . Men UU OR i LO V " Di Mp Sen bv Mbit Py hl wht Hie AOR eR a be sa wel AM iS on eh mt BR aR PR alae MR PO Ren COUR) ee " Pay i { i} " I Ip ne Brit? as ah Meld sug Lt i ‘ * wal het +) ‘ip jh, “Y * / t Wy aw 8s () i ; ry f eT i f 1} vue al a PANS pay AAR a hy Gi. Nae me aly Ba ey BG v.” ¢ , j ‘ ‘ , its eS Ray U8 a Tex tt» Mey Ue ieee rs oe Mm i i ? IOS NT tain 6! Nat A ena ALR ‘y 4 We 4 abe yt as seh iy icy meee i , ive» (eae ele ae shi ‘ao sh Ue is at wen R Ay a RE pal | ; Sy ‘ i nA ‘ , ( \ Ht! " via, my nis , i ne el ai ey AA ay Fay tad sey i Sot! eat PE EK eal Wimia h a ta de SONG ay Lb ot A " alts es ab Wake olka ay f a Ce Pia Wi ge th, ea ? ht . " ‘ ui . us ( , i i ‘ f iw Ria f Wale AY Jig AW 248 AA, eT ip ot \ | ATW a tel Mis raat, ARTA ie a} f Ape Nt eo} be yee) } SAYA Aa CAN RATS aa ia f i vealed r < ‘i a oi lly we ad re ins i ay Ae SA ater ae aia ee | ijly ‘ \: oy han re ee ' ee rt é PB Rae } With a! ; hb" DOD i) nh "at * 4 4 : \) if if wh ‘ i é y r LPs any Pe 5 aL nas " oly at Oh eee i fi if ety Ph i wt y iby 4 7 } mee Z f w mei es ; f ” YO OR RAAT NRA SER ele I ha OT ae 0s A | Mah ak miIipe Wd ig mae f leet ! ye 4 ‘erp ; -_? i a ‘ hit TAL fea i a ‘D AN t rh) Hah cn hth 5 a i t Aj sag ha Vale Tl ae ol i atey nyfla Ne { 4 MS Bir, Walle A eek 2 yy hi 8 is dae ieee CL ae NI td Wey te ey I Aaaaeay ee a ae 4 AR Bee aa . : : ey Peay, AO RRB ro bien wai miei: vie: yabeies ast : “evil didn i leh tho 4A es pede le Y carrying considerable iron and of no use in the ceramic industries through red and pink to pure white clay, just as there are all gra- dations between the pure clay and clay high in sand. The association of the clay and iron is belicved to be due to the fact that the iron hes been carried in solution by underground water and concentrated where beds of argillaceous dolomite in the sandstone have weathered out, permitting the sandstone to break down and thus create an area through which the water very readily circulates. The circuisating waters remove the soluble constituents, depositing the iron oxide through replacement o: the dolomite, and leaving the insoluble argillaceous materials as clay. The tendency would be to carry all soluble materials toward the centre of this area, where the cownward circulation of the water is good, and to leave the insoluble materials around the borders of what in time develops into 2 sort of basin. In the basin there will be more resistant masses which will not crumble down and these mzy be compsratively free from iron and contain some white cley. The waters entering the‘basin are, of course, carried ‘away by good circulation underground, in some places being directed and aided by fractures in the strata. It is probable that faults have often directed the course of the circulating waters producing these iron and cluy deposits. Observations show that the clay occurs as a rule along the flank of the ridge or knoll of sandstone and the presence of a deposit is often indicated by 2 small depression on the surface. In prospecting for cley this fact should be kept in mind, but the depressions caused by underground circuletion should not be confused with stream channels, which may bear no relation to the strata giving rise to the clay. There is no doubt that some transfer of the clay occurs be- neath the surface and there is a concentrating process going on in these depressions by the underground water, but the extent of the movement of the clay particles is very limited, Distribution of the clays. ‘The white clays in the Gatesburg formation are being, or have becn, worked at a number of places in Centre, Huntingdon, and Blair counties, During the summer of 1918 cley was being shipped from the following deposits: the Colonial Clay Company's pit near Furnece Road: just east of the Huntingdon-Centre County line; the Dungarvin pit at Dungarvin station in Huntingdon County; the Woodbury Clay ' Company‘s pit near Mines post-office in Blair County. Besides these properties which have been shipping, there is a deposit about two miles west of Scotia Mines or Bonore in Centre County on which considerable work has been done. Drilling was carried on all summer (1918) on another property generally known as the Patton farm, about two miles cast of Warriors Mark and about one- half mile from Dungarvin station. A considerable quantity of cley has beer taken from the Pennington ore pits in the pist. The accompanying outline map shows the distribution of the Gates- burg formation and the location of the clay pits. The writer is in- Bebtec to Mr. Charles Butts of the Unitec States Geological Survey a ae 1 th ir mh; * e Sud wide nde t sent. wine PPT AD TY HD AeA aS ‘ ’ i ‘ Par yi have a. i ks ind Minas yeh a ba ee & a . he MNS i ' eget an 2 t UE OS ee Uys Hh und A anni Se Rtn ‘deo. oe atts thi Mi, in bes Pr dese 3 ho mut a a ae TEE RE i | TAR i RD as 2D SET wie ( i ras: im ne Arena rane rps igs ERR SAT ah ee CRS 2S RRR» SE SANE te: Gal aiis Rees ae ee et te BY i ‘ £1 1 fs 4! . 4 we \ aed 5 a btn a SS gq Nad Lan ye iN ay A ayret a 2D Ne i) a ee y 4 : ) NJ 4 ¥ 3, 1 x S ~ , we { Nee Wie? Me ays ae eS oe hee sat lt Aes f ¢ q piri ir : rake ey } 4 fs Ngee | 98 LE OA Raa Bs Oe kT wi eae * ty ‘ Ew wes x . “ a a ye " ‘ eve Wo de rw te gt eee Nye : sey wot at r+ 1 vt Sew ted (Rw A TB Pa Re yk Mile Weal ae a Nah Beemer! (MOR aie GL, MRS web) clued Ie alg Ss ty? i oe N na bri » a di wy Ohi Mi > Wiguty i" i j re in i ty ‘ eis if arith ee) vate he TET ing aT i i a ee ba ad ne 4 ie Ry tH The at * BNA RISO CE Oe BW ANT ’ 7 aise Py any . Ap ; G iy. Dae “4 % > : mst M ey ish Yohk wi i Wg 4 ine bey *) a tH Ww Ae ee be it MI os! i | ‘ , ts f \ i re ’ by eg he “ bie fe) i MRT Nd a aku) maha ‘ 4 rip M \ A 4 er A a “ f et r Vea) (i . r han y nN nih a ree i j ? uy é ») I RAR 1 Oe ER » 4 f ma A) ve " ii, mM) * Wy bs ia tA tik rn ninatey dan ccal Rts eye wid My Hb i ey . vai ‘eh ine. 4 " tute { N i iM} hu, wah A UAY y | i} AY re ' wit tad ve a it ey : Hest A a) Pe det Otte ¥ ” y ake vote ere iii he he es i eh i wa pai By , H + hi Bung i 1 acl bane ph ci hn 7 ( Y r ye ‘ ia) i Wy ‘ , ‘ Pee ERA Nite fey ie, ree i, y ee A rane ’ fe Nye A aR RAD BB ii SAT Py pt 1 i re oe cp RSL 68 3 x5 ea The, Weta * , nw i Van wi ) a y AVY)" aay , bb fe anaranes Ab ihe ’ iy " * fal T . f y y en, ey area, i any ait Y i Key i ¢ { ' ' i) NAA ey ity nS ie bv ea Re NB RH Bu ni ee te M3 ON Lv ‘ Ne em ea thie ial Done On UNE yr UL 2a Auiny ine ae we ‘ ey tek Ri i ry 4 Wane } 4 { f yy We vq iY APE RG mh "1 ti a iy hes) ai ry UY ah PRB) Ao ES EAT sR si ; 4 KA bi if ‘wit tite elie adn a ley Ae } yy We Ry oy ter, th ME WP se 1) a ra rive La ic BN Ital iy Mane iy LARD i tia Tite i a he ty ti ‘ ' ert " i Muy rm 4 Tl Ate ul A |) oh Pree by ae Oe Wit AAs WA ; (ime Ae Alden ly neh Cake MIATA ; ie Nt j rs The ele 4 1 wat we ees (a, Vly eo ae a ee maT, a Soh Ae s vr whe t 6H , Soak EL Pee { SG aR AIDY rrr CM ate a HS Ai) ) Ue iN Wn Rice gi Ny a Me iW H “rr peitieas 3 v SPAN WED URE RR ey, \M pre | \ shy ame pry een Mier 7 iit mit tial’ : ) WO ie eee) _ tae j Med Nal rei Wet, Py 1 Ne i ) wit ; ; nd i Say tae Bi) Laie Batiste LA de El ila & ne er vy Dot Wu yy Wen wn, i hy PARR 70 WORD) ATE TNE YEA aa a hey i Hn hin Rr ag 1G inet Agi ta Weis m lish oa BAD ac PAO Dre mi ‘ oh iy i) 4: a ue Gi re if vb, he yh PBN iN ont f Fede) f ‘ wi deoet & WS : yay r sa age, MB 1 ie en} F Dia , yy i year Bah 4) Oe we fh At Cha Bey mons ae ; up Caan CNR EA , a ele gm iat ay ae My, 4 Ci Mf Beye me wit SM : PL va * ry Yi re OF i! We nt s 1 ay we r i ad .) i ff, ht! : a “ay bn 1 A fe me? é } A , ei ib, Ph for the information regarding the distribution of the formation in parts of Huntingdon and Blair counties. A detailed description of these deposits, which in many respects are much alike, will now be given. Blair Property. This property, controlled by Mr. Frank Blair of Bellefonte, Pa., is in Centre County between Benore or Scotian and Stormstowm. It is on 2 low ridge of the Gatesburg sandstone. Many years ago a great deal of limonite was mined in this vicinity and it is said that several thousand tons of clay were removed from this area while the iron mines were in operation. About 1915 3 further attempt was made to work the clay and 2 derrick was erected for hoisting. A hole was dug about 30 feet deep and three years later, in'the spring of 1918, a shaft was sunk to 2 depth of 28 feet, in which, it is claimed, el feet of nearly white clay was found under reddish clay. About 200 feet eastward from this shaft a pit 10 to 12 feet dcep shows cream-colored clay ond 50 feet northeast of this pit there is another said to be 30 feet deep with abovt 144 feet of clay. There is Stijl onothexy pit cbout 50 feet northeast of the one lest mentioned, Which shows reddish clay. Near this pit is an old drift from which clay was mined many years ago, From this description it is seen that these deposits are erranged roughly in a Jine and this is approximate- ly parallel to the strike of the enclosing formations. All these workings were full of watcrat the time of the writer‘s visit sco it was impossible to examine the clay deposits in detail, Their situetion along 2 depression has made drainage diffi- cult and future operations must include some method of getting rid of the water which collects there, either by carrying it into the Sandstone formation where it is free from clay and is porous, or by 4 ditch down the valley. The clay is gritty and grades into sand but it can be washed so that it is almost entirely free from grit, mda it has good plastic properties, The color is a cream-white, grading into a brick red where high in iron. Physical tests on this clay made by Dr. H, Ries in connection with his work on clays for the United States Geological Survey gave the following results: at cone 1(1150°C},. absorption 16.2 per cent; hardness, not steel hard; color, faint cream-white, and at cone 11 (1360°C), absorption 15,7 per cont; hardness, steel hard; color, faint cream-white. Another specimen from the same deposit gave the following results: at’1150°C: porosity, 46.5 per cent; hardness, almost steel hard; color, white; at 1350°C: porosity, 36.4 per cent; hardness, steel hard; color, cream-white. Under the microscope it shows some quartz, but most of the mass is very fine~grained and it apparently consists chiefly of kaolinite. These results indicate that the cley would be suitable, after washing, for whiteware and paper-maxing. eS ae : aF9 hr Pie Weror BEA ns Si ah RE be ad . ’ ry) WN oh MUN ee A: . eet i] ’ : Pi . ' is £ ie free : te ‘ fh TM re “ie af De cis i he i , im ‘ . - . n ; , pe " * op Arrees ag Be Boss erie’ Kise MELB a sons ledge aL pha tn P. ys Gigi “CATES See Sei: al ie ORR, De Os | ah 7 woe ee Rho it DIE Re ne Bake eae Beene are nba ens ¢ WORD kee he Me bi fr . i gah Sy Sed : Reape a4 e ot to o ; ath ey ty sete: GEA aed Ra roeee CORRME Se: Re aed aie ' i ; / aah, ue ote ida te ie | oe As "y i ay , . eyed Peay ae Sa ito! ae ee PMC SO Se che on ) ; rs ¥ ys ; <7 ’ a ae i” rors ) Ca ete Bere: tea ak iy sae ae ae os EN at Stee 4 I brig eas : Hh) Deny t re wo mH 2% 3 te betas) Be a " i M Pe ieee ul: 2 i 7 sD ah habe ' i ae unk * addin “~ » Witty i y ? » “ ee # - my + i pe Mer I 0) ee ae Ra ; ye oy Pty. PEt Cr dae ? ee Ree i is sf i oe MAY e ay ns ; i ‘ va \ na 4 > ar ‘ 7 < \ » in, ple CPR: GPRD ARTE RAN AE aes iy! Py > ™ ; \ bathe ( SS Pil i) ve) ely pet ci A Cae Mn is 2b VR ck tet ee RISE wes Oe \ , ay F i ‘ aw * win bevg Nye nd” cbt ah E vy i Al ail : % 4 de ey he ie ae . - “Heit } OE Xi eh 4 ht oa ree ‘b) : aay a ie eat . ‘te : oe ae ie Cte ye a ’ wee i % AY ix, Pury a ot a : oe ; ; rele ai F 8 dy tie We a, eae me, avg te CEN Treva i wf \ ( . Va wa ety ’ ribs i a fe wee Wate it) § . eee f are i} D imal pt ue o's, ‘ ’ ba o n “+ — 7 He y A et aks terete OT pes \ nae 4 Srna warn’ | f° aw ( a £44 it’ Fs s Das Ai ot i ar We ba Ag hy op a ee ola si * ‘ ity ano aera o Oat a | gos A all ai te d y NAD aR EES eT P ne D ngs ae hy ye j if sy Anis te L, iW 6 4) FO hay L pie 2 What Ge all Hie My “aye a ‘ HN EG OP ng , ee ¥ uy ip} py H HH ur a Se ri vy eh ti * al sa” } r ri ad ae " >) , d ine nrg ? aoe ay enh men Ae el lh ie ak ei ade ie WA : ml a rye * } ty i) 1h " H \ ] 4. Mm v H hy x yy a 4 Ag rate ane. 7 th ‘ s se abe , ‘ et ‘ are q ; ’ Ane pepe a. Nee SOIR a aay ay NSE Ci A mes) | cnc et ec Sia 8 IPL Mal rae) « x ‘ey . en : rt ¥ Ree nh ‘ ans a My tin " " ty “f wher vf ¥) Bate NS RIE OP a ONS RS ea won @iste kta er ‘ : 1 a ta inte eye nie en y Hii dey cm aeT | 4 eS SP eae eee a eas eR: » eal » F i ) : : rye) « eee * : St a Ua hs , bine |] in, Se bree Pe He ae ee emis 6 35 te Lite he ‘ } " ‘ vite ye’ he . '" i Me eacy OF Voda wre , F , Uy ify ‘ - ewe a. } ri Ry ON ep Reda eine? Dt, Le ~ 1° & ’ spite - Fi ; . , in 1th . *s - ‘s ¥ . wr : « rays Cree. 9 we a Suv RRY eS fi nt tw be i 50 ' 4 we : Ai ¥ an 9 é Feil ‘i rt | T.9 Me He rs \ ve Gh ‘es : fd)! gy. a itt i fenced : ay | weollar oid Te: Meck sme eed aisha AAS eae ie poe , , ‘ a pas RE ee Dek aN | ; try 1 OE: Beth a SRE CLs Ts ee ee ear emis ene RE ; $4 we nL | On es ee ‘ + Gi vr 4 q ee er ee: xf eit Pinky ge ait ne waited Anokwgat ey ee res Poteet G90 anata haan 4 ay 108 ah) pot eae, 8 Le Deaf ice ; ; : aC Bs ia al j if yet ry) ae ee + Bb hah fi om ot Sue 8 Ou eit ; i pea Rae aetee- pie taste fon yseorhwd Bie eit! ret ‘( ey) ‘ath , ier era sr. Ts at notte ode eh? ( ; ote snide i | ey Doty AL ae 7 peli) roa 1g POC ie ROE eat at, cli Cheha aoe ee etbmad saroe Rae: eae) ban Mt Mee oy Ami sbi ; ty! ery beg aN i A ny bi AN 9 ls ‘9 at A oe cy ie ant o oa BE a: Alon aE tet. eh Wan. eee eprinrh : eae WANG Don AC ee RR se a ont Shia & er Li Fle Smid [ A few grains of rutile, tourmaline, and Zircon my be dis- tisiguishec and the presence of these minerals strengthens the evi- dence the writer has previously found relating to the source of the materials making up the Gatesburg formetion. The evidence indicates that the quartz and clay have been derived from the metamorphic rocks of the pre-Cambrian lands exposed to wenthering when these rocks were being laid down. In the burned clay the quartz grains show evidence of corrosion, but these grains as well as the zircon, are distinct and unfused. The matrix shows slight interference colors. Colonial Clay Company's Property. This is often spoken of as the Gates property because it is being operated by Mr. T. J. Gates of Tyrone. It 1s in Centre County just northeast of the boundary between Huntingdon and Centre and about one mile north-northeast from Furnace Road, a station on the Tyrone-Scotia branch of the Pennsylvanic Railroad, The clay pits are associatca with and some are in the abandoned iron ore workings, The clay on this property, like that in other parts of the Nittany Valley, forms very irregular deposits in the Gatesburg sand- stone, which makes a bro2zd low ridge in this locality. These deposits are in a depression lying along the flank of a minor ridge on the main sandstone mss. Small hollows in the main depression often indicate the presence of clay beneath the surface, Their linea arrangement suggests that they are a residual deposit from the weathering of certain strata in the sandstone formation. In 1918 operations were being carried on in 2 large pit and a face of nearly white clay 20 feet high was exposed. The clay extends from the soil on top to the bottom of the pit. The white clay grades into red clay high in iron on one hand and into white sand on the other, end all intermediate gradations msy be seen. Care has not always been taken to prevent caving of the overburden and as a result much soil and sand have become mixed with the white clay in some perts of the pit. This is an important deposit and probably further prosfecting will show other bodies of white clay in the vicinity. The clay is hauled in‘wagons to 2 railroad siding 2veut three- quarters of a mile distant, and the quantity shipped is stated as four to seven cars a week, depending upon the labor supply. Physical tests made on a sample of the nearly white to cream clay by Dr. Ries showed that it possesses the following properties: at cone 1 (1150°C), absorption, 28.90 per cent; hardness, steel hard; color, very faint cream-white. The plasticity is good but the clay is gritty and would be improved by washing. The more sandy portions of this deposit are said to be used in iron foundries for moulding and some of the clay is shipred to potteries for manufacture of: saggers, ‘The white clay would make good paper clay when washed, as the color, plasticity and separation of the grit are good. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2022 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates https://archive.org/details/whiteclaydeposit0Omoor_0 Patton. Prorerty. This property is about two miles east of Warriors Mark in Hunt- ingdon County. Formerly some iron was mined here and considerable sand has been shipped from this property by a tramway connecting with the Scotia or Fairbrook branch of the Pennsylvania Railrond, There is an 01d pit from which several tons of good paper clay are said to have been dug some years 2g0, During the summer of 1918 the West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company has been investigating the property with 2 view to obtaining white paper clays for their mills at Tyrone and elsewhere; Tke writer igs indebted to Mr, S.A. Okell, chemist with this company, for his kindness in furnishing information regarding their work, Many noles have been sunk by driving pipes, 2 gasoline engine being used for power, The clay occurs in the weathered portion of the Gatesburg forma- tion along the northeast side of 2 ridge of the Warrior limestone and dolomite and probably in the, vicinity of e fiult. As in other areas tke clay’ is found in the lower spots ané there is little uso in «riil- ing onthe hiegker land. The Grill holes rangeé from 50 to 75 fect deep and the materials commonly encountered were sod and white or yellow clay. The surface material above the clay or sand is 5 to J” ' feet deep and the white clay is 15 to 40 fect below the surrace - The thickest body of white clay penetrated was about 33 feat, at a depth of 20 feet. The drilling indicated that the deposits sre very irregular in form and of quite limited horizontal extent, The clay is in pockets and although 2 drill hole may pass through 2 thick body’ at one point, snother hole but a few feet. away may miss it altogether, as it grades into impure clay or seand,. Most of the cley is sandy. It may carry 30 to 40 per cent of free silica but it can be readily washed and a good separation ob- tained, Physical tests reported by Dr. Reis for 2 good sample gave the following results: at cone 1 (1150°C), absorption, 26.2 per cent; hardness, steel hard; color, white; at cone 11 (1360°C) absorption 20,8 per cent; hardness, steel hard; color, faint cream-white. It is fairly plastic, Deposits at Dungarvin Station. Clay is being mined in considerable quantities close to the station of Dungarvin on the Scotia branch of the Pennsylvania Rail- road, and just over a ridge of Gatesburg sandstone to the south fron the Patton property, on the border of 2 large pit known as the Dun- garvin iron mine. This property is controlled by Joseph D. Taropp, who hes leased portions of it to others who are carrying on the work, Messrs, P, D. Deeters and Hs F. Harpster of Warriors Mark are mining an extremely tough, plastic, pinkish clay, which would appear to 9e suitable for saggers and similar ware, On the edge of the same pit where Deeters and Harpster are WOR ES ing, Mr. William L, Likens, also of Warriors Mark, is mining © cream to white ciey, Some of this clay is very gritty ond it graces into ma Ui : ieee aa ne : “ty rk ree 34 ry, es a5 . 4 pS . Te ~ Th en APC Re od Baie 1 Fh OR r 3 BA art cw Ooh ee ee Wt a ar he | ~~ orn we ‘ eit ne , yx gate (a SORT RR ae a > wy DE So ek pas 2 Qe Re a Bonet a re ype oo : i 4 r a . »* , i da . on ae : oh ep res Ay § Cie x ? 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Pat ANE oa f a oe dt Pett ey Hee Reig ae aie oy ye OLE weg Bat de a RR ea ae Sm TE 4 AN Th iver ‘Be. Th aoe iy A (GANT i a NADY ; f ‘Mb ‘ah ee Cor i iL le MY ‘ iy 4 hs \ a a ae wy a Ah By lind ein ii fi *) Sans t Lat VEEN Ti » al PLP ae Ae, a Mi, eid ap Cs a : ih H Pr Ny My ee 4 fe i / ie ran b } : q th ited ea tae” id te Geis By hehe, enn Oe ee 4 *% e Com ¢ a 1 RA RR AO. STAD aB RB hd ea tha led i LPs Ay badd ; , LR ea aan LMARE TOR WANE ad me aa eae ee at oF ae ae Ie eee Le We ey Lay fh Kelagh ae / ‘ } re ‘ P ‘ a Ap Oe Hts al (Ae: Sinaia cones «Ba ai aati hdd ae & pure fine sand. Both these deposits are very irregular in owtline end the appear- ance of a working face may change rapidly from dey to day. They are close to the surface. The white clay seems to be very similar in physical properties to the cl2ys described shove. There are traces of clay in the Gatesburg sandstone in several places near Dungarvin and a thin seam gimilar to the clay on the Patton property may be seen in & sand bank which is being operated close to the railroed about two-thirds of 2 mile northwest from Dungarvin, Woodbury Clay Company's Pit. The Woodbury Clay Company is digging clay with steam shovels in old iron ore pit sbout one mile from Mines, or Oreminea, and six “aes from.Willismsburg, Blair County. This pit:is about 900 feet slong and in plsces nearly 40 feet deep. It lies in the Gatesburg ‘pandstone and the cley deposits are very similar to those already described, The clay is irregular in color and distribution, being in Some ‘places nearly pure white, or cream-colored, and in others a dirty - gray, but weathering Whites It grenades into sand and may he seen fill- aingcracks snd pores in'the weathered, sandstone , indicating thet it BBS been derived from the we eathe ring or an ¢ argillaceous sandstone, From this deposit about four carloads per day were being shipped in the’summer of 1918. It is suitable for making paper, saggers, and white ware, Possibility of discovering other deposits. The typical 2ssociestion of white clay with the Gatesburg sand- stone in central Pennsylvania suggests the good rrespect of discover- ing demesits of clay in the wooded areas underlain by this formation. Aithough the white clay is usually associated with limonite ores, and most of it has doubtless been Giscoverec in working the iron which ha, been mined so extensively in this section in previous years, the writer believes that chances of finding other clay-bearing areas are good.: This sandstone should not be confused with the Oriskany sand- stone, which is much later geologicaliy than the Gatesburg but which also contains iron ore and clay in some localities, Near Shirleys- burg the Oriskany formation carries a good deposit of clay in its upper strata and in some other places clay occurs within the forma- tion at its base, The Oriskany sandstone is widely used in this State for the manufacture of glass sand but the Gatesburg is not Suitable for that purpose. ra, volt ate. 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" am Oe aa aviab bs ” si at Shs Me ae shy OAR ey re A Beis 5.t - Late | B 4 ad a: 5 te - ‘ he’ ey) ‘ A i i J Vi a ’ en ] tee) oe rth ur ote a Perea era Mime han ye ht) nf te i eta » bP he . ‘ sts ik bad ‘ " Fein xk R alt t vig ) : re we oe bey ch ‘a hy A H iy raat iy b ee iy 9 iat Ae ay ri “A h Bi) Pe i a a A ball iidida) 4 ahh eae tenis > y ae : \ ib nit : ry ’ “a As Semen y od bin Oe ake. ir oe et ry eye i e eat ay yy dah $; i gA 'f dike a eR Ue auear techies yy HSS CAA Mw EY RS) iy oe 2 igre ry us Rigont has i ix 5 a ae! AGURH AS - ‘ Nan al) ‘pe fa ym 5 Na r my eee cia Uh ie dae & aa + te Lae bas i MN Sg iy wot ay Tae NP ary Al . a mee uP ee i R02 a ch ; Mat ws ’ W hw Mh, wy \ ‘ y iA si ; an ial . a CAS) nn th: ye rik ace pe aS lod P NS LY are Us ; , ie o f ei t mith ote! ‘ ai Phen , ea wu iy ae i rt * i} vi eet a f : ‘ i‘ bi } Jie t : F ey we ie . agen Lene wee ea ih SY NOY Dae i ; i i RON dee i iy aie Xe ba ae (i ei ae RMR seg ‘ dts MH + * igi. ey Oy) ely alban! f RP a Ss OCR IL Nor ese eal Mai NS av ~ ‘t \ e ott if " ‘any oF Sy x uy ¢ Wy - i Gal ye AY. , , GP NRY, UMAR Ce ARE ML SOTA aun > DN 7 A Wi ae ge ay oa a SU op BA pees ER i Ra oO Ree) eer Er eat ET Goo Nit co Oe oh oak ay IK 3 00M WAR . PD Ve a ere a I ob lh de "2 in { a HL ! Nee ‘ dhe Abdi tarts : » : if Chit \f va) W) “ Nie, Dar PR Sa ee tt Vv } he ca 3 0 Le ey ee Vaiaroinl s Phe ae ee vee ea yore mity i it Whe y 5 ei A oh ol) ie his B Wonks he ek oi ve a A ae ly ; Va h it b OU RMN ee SE cd ies dah xa aarti ooh Agr 9 i se Hk ahem, Msn ly at if ‘We pak vi arta Kis . 8. " iin ‘ A y +! iu fats i way, a (se pt vie 4 Mekih ar ml a Nek RR A hI Sp . sn a 4 4 v A A wy y t ( a vi Wp r ’ j , be) (| Mr f ig Ly et 4 yin Bibi oh Ota , , i, j gh oii thar? Fs Wa eS ies AE OA Taha wh es a fA, ‘ 2! ; f , ‘ “AS yey Th Te eee iD: , i vy hy a) Mi i “y $i ties 9 hs. (A eh: Pol wok et aoe i ae 7, é a owt i Be os a rye ae slams papipst Ne / , nan ‘th, "I apt ; ri) ‘ are ‘i Wh “Oy ° : 44 7" ep wy Thy tK » hd CANAL Ne Hf oe ies me ) MDs Ns i ey Q Li i” a tity Ween (ve tee Eid ‘ : pie? aN cay ald iw “4, { , ( ae ; ear we ; My Be y oh Ny e Fy ‘es / aE LY oS a pers y ie Ger | ae hae 2 i % is Ve cm oe Russ of : A at ie hie A : sf j 4 i hd F ‘ Lhe i 4 us f by vee P6484 He y af ie ‘ ay , yy uy Wie * 2 tee “i? « ' oe “ 1 Aas Vita 3 : ae) Weis mie oy" a s ny raf ‘iF 4 “ie 5 f iy ths ° 34 ae if Ln fhe, aes Oa hig Milesburg x id Bellefonte } a “Gate sbur 3 { Furnace Road , [4 ny f ANTUNTIN Scan | the a) : a oo. je nsbu ré an , f ne Pa} eo » - } ~ =e a> Sere) - NS ae ~ rae oa 2 ~ ee ae 3 ss = oe aes at é H j | ' | ' | ; XA ($s G ake i ras Pag rat eyee shi UE: i) es { { ‘ 4 ie Martin: ns burg Galesburg Fen ation if ¢ BP ast = ad i fs | eoaners OuIN eb ak { c: ay jp TS { QO 5 10 15 40) 25 aa gr er erg “eee Mis Peas enn ne ae ee ee ae SNe a ee ene ee Ce eS ee a ee Looation of white clay deposits in Gatesburg formation, in central Pennsylvania. ——— ms