‘e Bulletin No. 64 , February 20, 1923. (Replacing Bulletin No, 22) ; M. M. a gabe Baan 34.68) COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA Gul of 21S a Ee ie DEPARTMENT OF IN?TEANAL APFATRS James I, Woodward, Secretary re = ce en at ms eaten tee ee ad BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGICAT SURVEY George H. Ashley, State Geologist a a tn a re ew te am cen te ee eaten An eR a a ne A a Ge RR ce ee, Fe a RE COE AS TS A EN a TE EE Ne a AE A NR NE el ee 5 ae COAL BEDS IN SOUTHERN SOMERSET COUNTY, PENINSYLVANTA By James D,. Sister ee eet even Introduction, somerset County ranks seventh in Fennsylvania as a bituminous coal producing county. In 1921 approximately 10,000,000 tons’of. coal were produced by commercial and custom coal mines; over 1,000,000 tons were produced in southern Somerset County. The coal from the Redstone and Fittsburgh beds is used. almost entirely for locomotive steam coal, and that from the other beds is shippea east for use in different industries for steam rurposes, and as domestic fuel. somerset County lies west of Allegheny Mountain and on the south line of the State. It is bounded on the west by Favette and Westmore- land counties; on the north by Cambria County; and on the east by Bedford County. The area dis scussed in this report’ lies south:ort the line of 40° North Latitude, which exvends east and west across the county, intersecting the southern borough limit of the tow of Somerset, Pee eovMshins producing coal) in) this: cCistrict: are: Addison, Elk: Lick, southampton, Summit, Brothers Valley, southern part of Somerset, Black, Milford; Midclecreek, and Upper and Lower furkeyfoot,. There are fourteen coal becs of mineable thickness in the district The Lower Kittanning, Upper Kittanning, Cage r Presport,; and), hedstone beds are the most important at sresont. Phe Brookville, Clarion, Lower Freeport, and ‘Pit tsbur gh (which Ls now aractically exhausted), produce more than 1,000,900 tons annually, The production from the remaining beds is confined almost entiz caly' to local use. Por many years the production of southern Somerset County was limited almost entirely to the Pittsburgh bed. In the last few years the Redstone bed has been mined vigorously, but its area is limited and it will soon be exhausted, However, there are many other beds, chiefly in the Allegheny formation, which are yet practically undeveloped and even unnrospected in large areas, These beas furnish the bulk of future production, Prospecting and geologic wavk in this district have established the fact that-the beds in the Allegheny and Conemaugh formations are generally thin, averaging, in most cases, less than 6 feet thick, .The beds are lenticular: invariably they are subject to roof and bottom "rolls" and in some places to wide "rock faults." In the next few years mining will be confined almost entirely to local areas where the beds are very regular and have excellent quality. With the installation of picking tables and Washeries not only will the quality of the Shipping. coal be bettered and demand increased, but much coal can be saved by shipping one or more grades from mincs. The main line of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad enter@ this district at Hoblitzell, runs west to Meversdale, and follows Casselman River through the western boundary ofthe county. Numerous branches‘serve the district south of Meyersdale, Berlin, Pinehill, Somerset, and the coal mining centers in the Johnstown and Wilmore basins. The district is traversed by many improved roads most of which were recently constructed, The township roads are dirt and are kept in good condition, During times of excessive prices thousands of tons of coal are hanied over these roads to sidings, These excellent transportation facilities enable this district to Ship its coal readily, The greater vart of the production is dis- tributed along the Baltimore and Ohio railroad between @imberland and New York, Many tons are shipped yearly to tidewatér and to the lakes. Allegheny and Negro Moyntains‘are the chief topographic features of the county. Allegheny Mountain, separating Elk Lick and Greenville townships, is a high narrow ridge with a crest averaging 2900 feet above tide, ‘Jest ox this mountain lies the beautiful Berlin-Salisbury basin. This basin is 9 miles wide from the crest of Allegheny Mountain tO the crest of Negro Mountain. The center of the basin is decidedly hilly and cut by many streams, Allepheny Mountain has.a steep and rugged Slope, and Negro Mountain a gradual one. Casselman River flows in the center of the basin from Salisbury north to Meyersdaie, and northwest to Garrett. A few miles west of this place it cuts the broad high ridge of Negro Mountains The highest point so far dis- covered in Pennsylvania, 3210 feet, is on this mountain-about 6 miles northwest of Salisbury. ‘he Confluence-Johnstown basin, northwest of Negro Mountain, is extremely hilly; streams have cut deen channels and flow in V-shaped valleys.’ Laurel Hill forming, in part, the western boundary of this district, is anotner distinct topographic feature, SLRUC TURE. Six structural features, each having a general northeast-southwest trend, have been recognized and mapyed in a preliminary manner, They are, in order from east to.west: Welltrsburg syneliine; Savage Mountain anticline; Berlin-Salisbuzxy syncline (continuation of the Casselman Ssyncline of Maryland); Negro Mountain anticline (continuation of Accident anticline of Maryland); Confluence-Johnstowm synceline (Lower Youghiogheny syneline of Marvland); Laurel Hill anticline. og. ae ‘ 4 ‘ * 4 * , wy ne ‘ 4 \ * ‘ ee un) Se Ee | Pe id ) R , foe ' ‘ Yt i ’ {ih jy / ( y ' bay , " j ve - ‘ ’ 5 | ; f » * \ - fa i. "i i] rt ao pa LeTars a | ; f ee en a: iy fet xt pa eer " ‘ i ° wees, PAl “ty biveeke! Pe RM rnd eg? ‘4 } a onane ft S eye UA oe) —* , . [ : és . ws aw ’ » ‘ : Cpa? ik? nei , om | A a ; ; ¥ TAtD Ee he suda Cy Pip Ty j , . i Se A PAS fast Peay i i ¥ ey ie a SOG REE 7 ‘ ig fe ew : : . LL by Na 4 nt Bi | x } ada The Wellersbure syncline is a deep, narrow basin east of Allegheny Mountain. Its axis extends through the town of Wellersburg northeast- ward end passes near Williams Station on the main line of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, Its total length in Somerset County is 10 miles, The deepest point in the basin is near Wellersburg where remnants. of the Monongahela formation cap the hilltops. The basin gradually rises northeastward and ends in Bedford County, Mount Savage anticline enters the State two miles southwest of Pocahontas and leaves the county two miles east of New Baltimore, The rocks dinvsteeply on both’ its flanks, The structure is regular and there is no pronounced variation of Jip in its total length of about 18 miles in Somerset County. The Berlin-Salisbury basin, lying northwest of Allegheny Mountain anticline, enters the district on the State line 2 miles south of Salisbury, Its axis extends in‘a northeastern direction just west of Hitseuury. evyersdate |’ Pinehiil. and Berlin, It is.a typical canoe= shaped synceline, tne rocks rising rapidly to the crest of Allegheny Mountain on its eastern flank. The rise is more gradual and uniform on its western slopes, The dcepest part of the basin is just south of Meyersdale. From this point the axis rises gradually northeast to Berlin, and southwest, slowly at first, but increasing rapidly until the Fittsburgh bed is lifted out of the hilis near the Maryland State line. The axis of the basin is SLightiy tilted and as a result, the trough deepens southwestward-in the direction of the tilt. Negro Mountain anticline enters the district about 2 miles east of Oakton, extends along Shoemaker Run, Glace iountain, Lick Ren, Blackfield, and leeves the district about 3 miles southwest of | Shanksville, This anticline is broad, rising rapidly and highest in Addison and Hlk Lick townships where the lowest member of the Pocono formation is exposed, The axis gradually dips northeastward and the anticline flattens out in Black anc Brothers Valley townships, The Confluence-Johnstown basin lyinz northwest of Negro Mountain anticline, is broad and comparatively flat, being aporoximately 15 miles wide from the crest of Negro Mountain anticline to the crest. of Laurel Hill anticline. The Conematgh and Allecheny formations are exposed in‘almost its entire area. The axis enters the county near Confluence, extends northeast and leaves the southern district near Lavansville, a few miles west of Somerset, This basin contains a minor anticline and syncline on its eastern flank near Rockwood and Casselman which were formerly Supposed to be a continuation of the Wilmore basin in northern Somerset County, The rocks rise slowly and evenly on the western flank. Laurel Hill anticline, on the western edge of the county, is a great fold that has brought the Pottsville and Mauch Chunk roeks to outcrop, Its axis is highest on the county line southeast of Wilpen; from that point it dips gradually north and south, i ~ At RTA MP my ) fail) au a , STRATIGRAPHY, The outcropning rocks of this district belong to the Quaternary, Carboniferous, and Devonian systoms,. the Quaternary system iS represented by river deposits of recent age composed of sands, clays, and gravel, which the streams have deposited on their flood plains in times of high water. This formatior is limited princinvally to the valley of Casselman River between Salis- bury and Garrett. The Carboniferous system is represented’by the Monongahela, Conemaugh, Allegheny, Pottsville, Mauch Chunk, and Pocono formations, The Devonian is represented by the Catskill anc Chemung formations. The Monongahela formation is confined entirelv to the hilltops in the Berlin-Salisbury and Wellersburge basins. It contains two work~ able coal beds, the Pittsburgh and the tedstone,. The formation is extremely shaly, but also contains two sandstones anc three or more limestones averaging about 4 feet thick, The Conemaugh formation outcrops along the flanks of the anti- clines in the Berlin-Salisbury basin, and along Casselman River and its tributaries west of Rockwood, It is composed chiefly of olive-gsreen and red shales with interbedded limestones and coal beds. In the entire thickness of 875 feet there are but few massive sandstones, 'r The Allegheny formation underlies practically the entire district, It outcrops on the flanks of the anticlines on both sides of the Berlin-Salisbury basin and along stream-valleys west of Rockwood, It is composed of massive sandstones, coal, and clay beds, shales, and a few beds of limestone. Its average thickness is 250 feet. the Pottsville formation outcrops on the western slope of Allegheny Mountain and forms a large area of surface rocks on the crest of Negro Mountain, It is composed of two or more massive sand- stones which are locally conglomeritic. Between these sandstones are intervals of shale which sometimes contain two or more impure coal beds. The Mauch Chunk formation is composed entirely of red and olive- green Shales, and thin layers of interbedced red sandstone, The Greenbrier limestone, occurring in three or four different :benches separated by red shale, lies at the base of this formation, and is locally quarriec for lime, The Msuch Chunk formation is not coal- bearinge The Pocono, Catskill and Chemung formations, outcropping only on the crests of Negro and Allegheny Mountains, are composed principally of shales, and a few massive sandstones that form the crests of the - ridges, COLDS ‘The following table shows the stratigraphic relation of the coal beds, their average thickness and the average intervals between then, -~ 4 = ey | as ‘ 2 osp'§ | COAL BEDS IN SOUTHERN SOMERSET COUNTY. } aT Ea aa “Averago | Average aie Formation Bed ‘Interval | Thickness HA seated ten de CALEY LAIR IOs NRE ERT hy ata Neh eam ear TaN (CP WRT A AU amine eee ci ST PR Car | AE 7 , : ! | Monongahela = | | ‘ i : Redstone B RRA A A | BE A Pittsburgh (Big Vein); A ERE oe ( LE Oa ie) | Lonaconing = j-..—-—..---. 4 0" (very dirty) 155 ae wWellersburg aa aap de Vk | Conemaugh ee Barton i hae eke et eae | Ment ie | j , | Decors COM | mi VET ene OM (re rl dae ae : ao. aren L Bakerstown j... ue SP i i it i a iy ec bons RE ' 240 | ( Pie reesort..C Di wien cs PA Aah OTE i j 50 ) De oO ayy emu Lucha fe) Cou U Nittanning (C) '.. AUR eke DE } : j pie 60 | : WS Me Og ay OM Cnr ean ct ae at ‘Lleghony ad 50 250! \ L Kittanning (B) tid a ee AD A 3O | UNM ahh th SP ND nk Ltn RR a SD 3 | | iL 474) : | BEOORV Lae Ay ue 5 O" (very dirty): 10 ee LAN ae Dlg MRE SS eR ee f | > ag Potvsy tiie \ No workable coal 300) oe bore a lady oF fete ale cen Seen Fervent bf tq er na Ao i ea Age } ged gt BE Ve - j ‘ ’ ¥ ae 4 > ie tote tee ayn ' . 4 ‘ a + UJ { : a i Te vip = t , haa! ae } ay 4 F eT 2! ae f 8 BS i j : ; aru " 5 ) ro Ba Ae oy A y Ae ‘ “ varie pre MAT ce LeNl af i , | Hong { , vary his ihe D4, SS | Week ‘ i Mea Sa ¥ Wy é , c 4 . i } , jatae Z > ’ MA 4 } 7 A \ hed 1 j ‘ fj a : 4 / Ma] Wy P. i yf Lear? oe HARI oA Huiie " a r / ty) + ¥ \t j » 1 tt pity) 2 butyl j ack u , t [ ys fi i i p ye ak oi Ps het * a SNe she ey re 4 i q lain i if pray Pi en } 1a foe ifemt|'e\ \ { er hy Fc ak i DARA Tori me nine Mah ED Ube Ta vet hs gant j 4 wa Mf ye CPt 4H, Luan es ee 4 Vy 4 hi iz ts tel i way: [ : tay iy Ue Mey es & yey yy iat es ah j t i) bi, ne t\ sare hace noha Ae a - Shs, cana } , Rae eR ROAR 4 TENG ENIAN IED y Lt Ci Venlo Byes sihevadt ' | i As ty i u te ae ; ? (! tae j Makes ! Pio 4 Py, { / { i ee } ‘ } ya> ite F * a te RAD bec : ‘ ar ys opt Fy / golive j ew fe Ve wif "i tl a et Ny i 4 1 in Pe fee iN Wig Al pF 4 Piet SUMMARY OF COALS BY FORMATIONS. tJ tsville Formation. The Pottsville formation in southern Somerset County, contains three or more coal beds which are extremely impure and will never be commercially valuable. In large areas their horizon is represented by an impure bituminous shale high in ash, and Re many small concretions of iron carbonate and "sulphur balls Allegheny Formation, The Allegheny formation contains the greatest number of mineable coals, and most of the present production in this district comes from these beds, Brookviiie ("A") Coal. This ade lying at the base of the Allegheny formation and 45 feet below the Lower Kittanning, is very METS temG. one peu averares 5° tect thick, but is only, locally of Comercial quality, inigenerel) the) bec. is very Thiek and ise \dividedq into many benches. by numerous shale partinges. he mercnantable coal is high in sulphur and ash. Clarion ("A aw Coal. This ted: lying 30 feet below the Lower Kittanning, averages about 2 feet 8 inches thick in the entire dis- trict. Locally PC teh fomea ba5 feet thick and a Lew commercial coal mines have been opened in it. Farmers have mined this bed in a few places for domestic use. The bed is characterized by many thin shale binders and many "sulphur bails," Tower Kittanning ("B") Coel. This bed averages about 2 feet 4 inches thick and is fairiy clean. The sulphur and ash content is rather high for a-‘standarda Ri eoal,. This bed is mined on Buifalo and Coxe's creeks, and on-its eastern outerod in the Berlin-Salisbury basin, Middle Xittamning ("C") Coal, This nee lying 50 feet above the Lower Kittanning, is generally extrene ly impure where thickest. Locally the bed is less than 18 inches thick, but its ovnality is good, This bed has not been prospected or mined in this cistrict, Upver Kittanning Nee OE) Coal, This bed, lying 75 feet below the Upper | Freeport, | averages 3 feet Honaoke Oe 1s" ‘mined only in localities where it is thickest Le gs vA an a hg Buffalo, Coxe's; and Whites creeks, The bed contains numerous shale anc bone binders end is localiy high in ash and sulphur. When properly cleaned it is a good grade steam coal. Lower Freeport ("D") oe The Lower Freeport’coal, lying 50 feet below the Upper Freeport, averages 3 feet thick, but is only locally of commercial value, ‘Phis bed is mined at a few places on Buffalo and Coxe's creeks. iyhen prices are high this bed is mined ae Hh as i AOS Hd Bot A aa Wlbe nae! | Bae te pieakl of | ao Oy evry pues ‘ "A ie Lik " ee : uf GAM Ri) Tice With varying suecess in the vicinity of Rockwood where it has a maxi- mum thickness of 5 feet 4 inches including’impuritics, A large shale and bone binder near the middle of the bed, which is characteristic in most localities, increases production cost and lowers the quality of the run-of-mine ‘goal, as this binder cannot be SO EE a nl removed by picking, Upper Freeport ("E") Coal, The Upper Freeport coal is mined in the southern part of the Berlin-Salisbury basin and on Buffalo and Coxe's creeks, .This bed is generally thin, averaging about 30 inches, and has Yairly good quality, The bed is subject. to»'’rolls" both .on roof and bottom, which makes mining rather hazardous. Conemaugh Coals. The Conemaugh formation contains 18 coal beds, five of which are locally workable, ‘These beds may have future impox “tance when the thicker beds are exhausted, Lower Bakerstown Coal (Thomas coal of West Virginia and Maryland). This bed, lying 240 feet above the Upper Freeport, is opened by farmers ’on the eastern slope of Negro Mountain. The bed ranges from 12 inches to 2 feet 10 inches thick, Where thin the coal is excéllent, but in most localities the bed has numerous small bone partings,. Upper Bakerstown Coal (Maynadier coal of Maryland). ‘This bed, lying 40 feet above the Lower Bakerstown, averages about 2 feet thick in the Berlin-Salisbury basin, but ‘west of Yegro Mountain its horizon is represented by several feet of bituminous Shale, This coal has not been prospected to any great extent, but local outcrops indicate that it mav have some Ronin te, value. Barton Coal. The Barton coal; lying 490 feet above the Upper Freeport, averages 12 inches thick, and has excellent:‘quality,. Locally it has a maximum thickness of 2 feet 6 inches, and is mined by farmers for domestic fuel, The bed is extremely lenticular and subject to "squeezes," Wellersburg Co Coal, The Wellersburg coal at its type locality at Wellersburg in Southampton township, Somerset County, has a maxi- mum thickness of 5 feet, It has been opened for local use, This bed is thin and unimportant in Somerset Countv west of Allegheny Mountain. It lies 315 feet below the Pittsburgh bed in the Berlin- Salisbury basin, Lonaconing Coal (Elk Lick coal of Rodgers), The Lonaconing coal, lying about 160 feet below the Pittsburgh is very thin, except on Elk Lick Creek where it has a maximum thicknes 35 of 4 feet and is being mined for local use, _Monongahela Formation. The Monongahela formation is confined to 2 small area in the hilltops in the Berlin~Salisbury basin. Pittsbureh Coal, The Pittsburgh way which is now practically exhausted, has been the greatest producer from this formation, Mining is limited now to impure "crop" coal and the pulling of old pildlare. Redstone Coal, The Redstone bed, lying at an average interval of 25 feet above the Pittsburgh bed, is now the most important coal in the district south of Meyersdale, It averages about 4 feet thick but is inferior in ouality to the Pittsburgh bed, Sewickley Coal, The Sewickley and possibly the Waynesburg beds are in the hilltops south of Meyersdale. They are thin and will never be of commercial value because they have been leached by Surface water, The Sewickley bed occurs also in the summits near Ponen ie enti oernown toca lly as Pine Hill No. 1 bed... It:is being mined and shipped as a fair grade steam coal, i WELLERSBURG BASIN Southampton Township, The Wellersburg baSin is a continuation of the Georges Creek basin in Maryland. The Georges Creek basin has produced enormous tonnages‘of excellent steam coal for many years. Unfortunately the main bed, the Pittsburgh, becomes dirty and inferior in quality in the vicinity of Wellersburg. This small district has had a very small production and has never been fully prospected. Diamond drill- ing will probably prove that this field has one or more excellent coal beds in the Allegheny and Conemaugh formations, Pittsburgh Coal, PieworpauCuLOnN OL tals (istrict 3s contined 40 the) Pittsbureh bed which occurs in the hilltops north of Wellers~ bipyegs.. The bed averages 6 feet thick; but only 5. feet 6 inches is merchantable coal, Many shale and bone partings make mining diffi- cult and the’ coal must be picked before it is shipped, The quality is below the standard of the Pittsburgh bed, the sulphur and ash content being rather high. The coals beneath the Pittsburgh bed have never been definitely correlated with those of Maryland. The lack of zeolosic work in this field warrants the use of information already collected by the Maryland State Geological Survey in adjacent territory. eee ene ees The Little Pittsburgh coal, opened near Wellersburg, ranges from 2 feet 8 inches to @ feet 10 inches of clean coal of fair ouality, with one 2-inch bone parting, A bed of clean coal 20 inches thick is approximately at the horizon of the Pranklin coal of Maryland. There are four other coal beds in’ the Conemaugh formation, The first, in descending order, lies 425 to 440 feet below the Pittsburgh bed, and has been opened for custom coal. It averages 4 feet thick, but is divided in the middle by shale partings ranging from 2 inches to 2 feet thick. The second bed lies approximately 490 feet below the Pittsburgh. It has not been prospected, but the thickness and quality on its outcrop indicate Slight commercial value. A coal 2 feet 10 inches thick has been reported 585 feet below the Pittsburgh:‘bed. The lowest Conemaugh coal lies 675 feet below the Pittsburgh bed, and averages 22 inches thick. Its commercial possibilities are slight. Allegheny Coals» A coal 740 feet beneath the Pittsburgh bed has been doubtfully correlated with the Upper Freeport. It is divided into two benches by a shale parting 6 to 12 inches thick; the upper bench ranges from 2) to S Fest ne and the lower bench from 12 to 18 inches thick.. vy t ~ d ry & rae 4 ‘ mp PE ie 2 a i“ ‘ . ‘ 4 “4 ' ‘ ' t . - ; 4 4 4 a” “ 4 . j . i ’ é | #€ wd - 2 ye Py ; r} ‘hs f bs “! ’ i ; “A tt , ‘ ‘ 4 ght t J . ‘ Foy nes) ®, , ¥) ‘ r oe tad z : hee A , ; ‘ ~ wy ¢ i . i j uk i i. \" ny 1 » “4 F * i Pa ‘ t res PI ‘ f ¥ , yf / j 4 an 2% reeey ' { f ~1 f €. Sula beter ae 4: ar ‘ fe A ato ' f 3 “Re ; at tied rae) A ; ay hi ieaee He ri + t y ‘ "i 13 avs, ere Nd hy We * Ps Bed i homes c or hha | ee ee, 2 WD OT oe 3 feet thick at Rockwood, including a g-inch bone parting in the midcic and 6 inches of bone on the bottom. The corl throughout this district is high in sulphur owing to the presence of numerous "sul- phur” stresks and nodules, Middle Zittanning ("C") Coal, fhe Middle Kittanning coal is thin and unimportant in this township. Its horizon is marked by a few inches of impure bony coal. Upper Kittanning (not) Coal, The Upfer Kittanning coal outcrops in the valleys of Coxe'’s Creek and Casselman River, It has been’mined in few localities. The bed averages about 3 feet 4 inches thick, including numerous shale partings, locally the bed is divided into two benches by 3 to 4 fect of firc clay. The upper bench ranges from 12 to 22 inenes thick; the lower one from 2 fcet 2 inches to 2 feet 8 inches, This fire clay parting is characteristic in the vicinity of Casselman, Lower Freeport ("dD") Coai, The Lower Freeport coal outcrops on the hills on the eastern bank of Coxe's Creek, and on Cassclman River southwest of Roekwood the bed avernges about @ fect 6 inches thick, The top bench, which is 21 inches thick, is fairly clean and is scparated from an impure bottom bench by a bone and shale parting averaging 18 inehes thick. The bottom bench is rercly londed for Shipment, Upper Freoport ("E") Coal. The Upper Freeport coal outcrops and is mincd by drift high on the hills on the castern slope of Coxe’s Creek and on Cassclman River southwest of Rockwood, ‘The bed varices much in thickness and quality locally, and has no charnetcristic impurities with the exception of small lenses of pyrite, The bed vyarics from 2 fect 4 inches to 3 fect 8 inches thick in the Coxc's Creck valley, A top bench ranging from 18 inches to 2 feet 6 inches thick is fairly good coal, Below this main bench are seversl smaller benches of coal alternating with thick bone binders. This bottom coal i6 not mined, The coal is thickest under a shale roof, Southern Part of Somerset Tovmship. The Brookville ("A"), Clarion ("Af"), and Middle Kittanning ("0") Céals are not mined in this district. The Lowes Kittanning ("B"), Upper Xittanning (rginy and Lower Freeport ("D") coals have been opened for local usc, These beds nre extremely varinble in thickness and quality. During the period of high priccs cool from those beds was hauled by wagon and londed on Sidings, These beds are locally 3 feet thick, but decrease within short distances to a foot or less. ' Upper Freeport ("EB") Coal. The Upper Freeport conl is mincd in the vicinity of Somersct, where 1% averages 3 feot 6 inches thick, The roof is bony coal, undernerth which is a bench of clem cocl ranging from 2 to & feet thick, Beneath this clean bench is three or four gmaller benehes of coal separated by thick bone portings. This Sieh 4 =A PO AG Cte tame hie ps Mahi baiuant a i. cong eS ON hae b 7 coal is not mined. A small and extremely irregular "rider" bed lies about 18 feet above the Upper Freeport, and ranges from 3 to 6 feet thick, This coal is canneloid in character and has an'iash content varying from 10 to 20 yer cent. At one or more places this bed is mined and sold locally as a cannel coal. Milford Township. All the coals in the Allegheny formation outcrop in Milford township. Only reconnaissance work has becn done in this vicinity, and no definite statements ean be mde of Aes quality and thickness the coals except in the valleys of Coxe! Creek and Cassclman LAV 6 Lower Kittanning abe Deileded haty The Lower Kittanning coal is thin in this district, averaging & fect 2 inches thick. Its quality is good, the ash and Sulphur content being fairly low. The bed is romarkably froc from impurities and is very regular in thickness. Hast of Cassclman, along Casselman River, the Upper Kittanning coal is a double bed separated DY atnard fire clay parting ranging from. 2 TOr, inches wnick, (The top bench is 2 fect-2. inches thick, not including 4 inches of bony coal on the roof, The lower bench is 4 1eet 2 inches thick but has two thick bone partings. The lower 6 inches is canncloid, Lower Freeport ("D") Coal, The Lower Freeport coal is mined on Coxe's Creek north of Rockwood, where it averages 3 feet 6 inches thick, } ~ ‘ * 4 | 5 J i, a $ i i‘. at wie r “ a iV Ws Z : j ‘ " 5 fg A el. mad ae F m4 F - } “ry we fhe Mime th ‘tee >| oo ¥ 4 at : cine mi) i ” 4 ne s' ‘ Y Cui lawae: ; ; \ i i Fin! ips F | Mee ; I dy ele sis Hae ‘ ? a | ‘ ‘ ‘ * > | y eye ' le « rete . ow : y ; PAT a My * vt , Lie » rALl ae F } jaa. ht af 1 f ¥ vith .f - yele2 af ee Tay | r } se) AG ee ‘ j * HM t aie lr ' 7 ys rates: , * - ; s fe i et ask hi i . re wet 4 £y4* é neh ron a a mined in mony places by drift, Its importance hos so overshrdowed the other corls that they hnve never been prosvected to any grent extent. They are present, but their thickness an@ quality do not justify development at »resent, at ieast while lerge ecrsases of the Upser Kittamning bed remain unmined. The Upper Mittanniiig coal averages 3 feet 4 inches thick in the vicinity of Confluence. The top 24 inches is clean coal; the bottom 16 inches includes 1 4nch of shale parting and’4 inches of bone coal at the base, At Harned.iville the upper‘bench, 3 feet thick, is separated from the lower bey,ch 10 inches thick, by an 8-inch fire clay parting. At Beachley the bed ranges from 3 feet 2 inches to 4 feet thick. It is never entirel.” clean, but the partings are not persistent. In one mine, where the total thickness is 3 feet 8 inches, 12 inches at the top is a mix'Sure of alternating bands of bone and coal. The remainder of the bed is clean. At another locality the bed is 4 feet thick and is clean with the exception of a $ inch shale parting 24 inches above the bottrm. Upper Kittaming ("0’") Coal. The Upper Kittanning coal is mined extensively in the vicinity of Listonburg where it ranges fron: 5 feet to 4 feet 4 inches thick, The coal is high in sulphur and ash. With the installation of picking tables and washeries, this distrieu. would be able to increase its production, ship two grades of coal, and lower the percentage of loss in mining. In this vicinity the physica. character of the bed varies sreatly in short distances, Where thinnest the bed usually has no characteristic impurities with the exception of small lenses of bone and iron pyrite. Where thickest it is usually divided into one or more benches by one or more thin bone partings, and locally has 4 to 14 inches of bone coal on the bottom. This bone coal is not taken up in mining, — Shower Freeport ("D") and Upper Freeport ("E") Coals. The reeport coals have been prospected at several points along the valley, but only locally do they have the good quality and thickness of the © Upper Kittanning, The Upper Freeport coal probably is the better bed, but rarely is over 2 feet thick. It is mined in the vicinity of somerfield where the bed ranges from 4 to 6 feet thick, including a clay parting in the middle ranging from 16 inehes to 2 feet 4 inches thick. The upper bench is a good cuality of coal, but the lower bench is locally very impure. The geology of this district has not been studied in detail, and as the reports of prospecting are very meager it is impossible to give any definite information, Numerous outcrops indicate that two or more beds may have future value as they may be mined in ¢gonjunction with beds of limestone and fire clay. -~ 18 - ‘ ve iY Bey nl ] ae Re < A ee or - d i ‘ % b \ f iG E ' ; : eg x 5 ‘ ONT | Chena. 1 PARR UR abo avai nar f ; : ; i - ‘ f a ky s: gt We Ret ; Le , vy 4 a 4 ‘ \ ares \ "y { & 1 * J nel of es ‘ a\i eed) ta Se Neg nas: ce PNG MT Wl, “ ' ahi fi ‘ } ; \ 5 rye ‘3 r eens HR ae ai ce 4 ‘ 4 ; , im Suits Ad a ' F ; he 3 ARCATA eee re Ter as ; i , “HN et hs a . Sar ‘ vf : ’ : b ers as ’ ., . ae P : | 7 , . : L’ i ‘ 4 j 1 ¥ i" . ~ vo es 4 ‘ r , , aye 4 \ , ; n . os j a } ‘ Paik > i { ‘ » ri j \ I j { | bac yateaaienale isit 9 QO aA: AR! Sa ai Oe Re i Na wa ie eae eae ee OS Bete ah meta Cs i ‘ ee ak Se Pe ee JOO Re, ba hs eotata phan tM < e ” i ‘ ‘ f J 4 “y 4 ’ ra ' Pi ‘ Meee , had ey fe ecu. Riese warp mnE eR } 4 Ash rd ae cad, 1 pi a tes aie ; Vat ple Wee sy aL rs Tou! eh we he eee 4 9 + Bed 1. Sewickley 2. Redstone 3e Redstone 4, Redstone 5. Pittsburgh 6, Pittsburgh 7. fLettsburgh 8. Pittsburgh 9,- Pittsburgh 10, Barton ll. Lb, Bakerstown iz, i, Bakerstow eye Moe EEG DONG i4, U, Freeport tia Uy Preeport 16, UU, BPreeport Lt, U, @respost 18, Up reeport.t - toe Ue hi toanning 20, . U. Kittanning el, -U, Kittanning fo.) Meee Vannin Ss eo, Us Kittanning bo. Ly citvanning 20, iL, Kittanning 26, - gekittannineg Per) eae Onn Oe 28, iy Kittanning 29, L, cittanming 5O,)) Clarion Locations from which samples were obtained are shown by eorresponding numbers on following page. TABLE OF ANALYSES. eae es Babess 13904 13016 13243 Lame 14163 14108 oie 12623 13316 14060 WOO 90 La7 96 13240 13620 13690 13470 13343 13269 13361 13284 Loied 13157 13887 13980 3607 13758 12924 13005 13637 Loen9 Noe rae i ion ave ae t aheehdegg antes laid Tee i es | \ + P \ " ~“ t 4 us ¥ © ws re “e 5 De: Bye) ‘‘& * ~y f bi me A Oe . ‘ nd | . ny re? ue? > an ww » Vee) “+ é ‘ thy NW <6 vo, Ry SAY Rilke ty a if “ a Pra, aye. | me WY, ; \ aol , | * yn Tae Wty Be * Le r ; , , EL NGRaM . ny F nl 4 a es ra wiz 7 4 oh 7 , J 1% ‘ ay o | \ yi ‘ . ae * ry “¢ ve ‘ . ie % * »~ / Ge Tees - Wy “ a y 1 ; i . * , ae a 4 . i & Bis ie he ree ; 4 . vst a te, Ris, 44 Ee Ne epi z « ie Mines and Sample Locations. Ce a a en a i ee a ete No. Company Mine Location 1.4, Consolidation Coal Noyite Pine Hill, 2 mi ‘sW 2. Meyersdale Fuel No. 3 Meyersdale, 6 mi. S 3. Grassy Run Coal Grassy Run No. 1 Salisbury, 23 mi. NW 4, Consolidation Coal No. 105 Shaw Mines 5. Boynton Coal Co. Chapman No. 3 Salisbury; 3/4 mi. W 6. Meyersdale Fuel Merchants No. 3 Salisbury, le mi. NE 7. Consolidation Coal No, 104 Shaw Mines: 8. HE. Statler & Son Statler Meyersdale, = mi. NW 2. Consolidation Coal No. 113 Pine Hills Gami sow 10, Ward Compton Country Bank Salisbury? 2 mi. NW ll. Henry Opal Country Bank salisbury,’‘3 mi. NW 12. Black Coal Co, Black Meyersdale; S mi. MW LS, Fike Country Bank Meyerscale; S mi. 5 14. Lloyd Engle Country Bank Meyersdale, ls mi. SE 15. Handwerk Country Bank Summit Millis; 3 mi. NW 16. Johnson i Country Bank Summit Mills, ¢ mi. NW 174° iMcAllen Coal Garey Garrett, (do. ini i 18. Quemahoning Coal No, 10 Rockwood, # mi. W 19. Tri-State Collieries Garrett Slope Garrett, lg mi. N 20, Marine Smokeless Coal Marine Casselman, = mi. W el, Ursina Fuel Mill Mine Ursina 22. UListonburg Coal . Miller Listonburg- 25, ------ Linmer Confluence, 43 mi. SE 24. Davis Prospect Salisbury, 3‘mi. NW 25. Brothers Valley Coal Fen Mar No. 2 MacDonaldton, 15 mi. SW e6, Brothers Valley Coal Pen Mar No. 3 MacDonaldton 27. M, A. Sriyder Snyder Markleton, + mi. 3 25. J, M. Murdock & Son Milford No, 2 Rockwood; 6 mi. N 29, MeGregor Coal MeGregor No. Rockwood, 4 mi. N 30, Atlantic Coal Atlantic Ne. Garrett, 5 mi. NW wn 2 077640487