BUR=MAN WASHINGKON BULLETIN N285 NOVEMBER 1922 PLANTS FOR HOME BEAUTIFICATION A. M. Doerner, Assistant Professor, Landscape Gardening and Floriculture The home grounds should be so designed as to be beautiful the entire year and with a little careful planning, this can be easily done. Make a list of plants, including a number of varieties of shade trees, shrubs, vines, and flowers, especially perennials. This list may be obtained from nursery catalogues and books describing vari- ous plants. After each name noite the height of the plant, color of bloom, time of bloom, and any other characteristic worthy of men- tion, such as colored bark, colored leaves, very graceful form, colored fruits or berries, ete. If the plants are numbered consecutively and the information put in tabular form, it will be very easy to check up on the effect produced at any desired ceason. For instance, the height column will show whether you have a representative list of plants of various heights; from the season column it can easily be determined how much color there will be in the garden at any month. If there seems to be a lack of color at any time, try to find plants blooming at that period. Be sure no two plants blooming at the same time have colors that do not harmonize. Because of the im- possibility of describing colors accurately, it is difficult to work out good color harmony without actually growing the flowers a season or two and becoming acquainted with them. A few simple rules, if observed, will lessen the probability of securing colors that do not harmonize. Draw a circle on a piece of paper and divide it into eighteen equal parts. Beginning at the top, label each division of the circle from left to right: red, orange-red, red-orange, orange, yellow-orange, orange-yellow, yellow, green-yel. low, yellow-green, green, blue-green, green4blue, blue, violet-blue, blue-violet, violet, red-voilet, violet-red. Use chart to determine what effects various flowers will have in combination. Colors im- mediately adjacent to one another on the chart or those directly op- posite or nearly so are apt to harmonize and, therefore, can safely be used together. Those at right angles to one another are liable to be discordant and should not be used by those not familiar with color 2 harmony and the possibilities of color combinations. Whites will, of course, combine readily with any other color. The easiest way to obtain color harmony is to arrange the plants listed into groups, according to the month in which they bloom. For instance, let us suppose that in April Nos. 2, 11, 16, and 21 are in bloom with the colors red, orange, white, and violet-blue represented. The violet-blue is liable to clash with the red, therefore, it should be discarded and the color harmony for April would be red, orange, and white. Continue this process throughout each month, eliminating the undesirable and adding where it seems necessary. By checking up the column of odd characteristics, such as colored bark, berries etc., it can be easily determined whether or not there will be plenty of color and variation during the winter when bloom is, of course, im- possible. . In making out a list, keep in mind soil or climatic conditions that are unusual since all plants have their preferences. Better success may be had in using plants that do not require special atten- tion on account of unusual environment; however, it is not difficuit to make a good list of plants for any special soil, exposoure, or cli- matic condition. Ordering and Receiving Nursery Stock All orders for plants should be sent to the nursery as far in advance of shipping time as possible in order to insure prompt de- livery of good plants at the desired date. If the stock is low or of poor quality then there will be plenty of time for the nurserymen to communicate with you and allow you to order elsewhere. Scien- tific names of plants should be used in making out orders so as to avoid confusion. Instruct the nurserymen as to the date you wish to receive the goods and also the method and route for them to be shipped. It 1s often best to leave the method of delivery to the discretion of the nurserymen. Freight is too slow in the majority of cases to be a safe means of transit. Express is the most common medium and parcels post may be used for small bundles. After receiving notice from the nursery, that the plants have been shipped, communicate daily with your local express or freight 3 office so that you may know when the plants arrive. It is advisable to open the package in the presence of the transportation employee and examine the condition of the plants. This should always be done when the plants are over-due or the package seems to be damaged. First Care of Nursery Stock The care of nursery plants upon their arrival is important. Take them home as soon as possible and arrange to protect them from the sun and wind. If you cannot plant them the day they are re- ceived, store them in a cellar or some other cool, moist place until you are ready to set them out. If they have not traveled too far the plants should keep several days without injury in the bales and boxes in which they have been shipped. The containers should be opened enough to let the tops of the plants have plenty of air so as to prevent heating or moulding. This is especially important with evergreens and herbaceous plants. If the roots seem dry they should be moist- ened but not soaked. This can be done by pouring a cupful or two of water over the stems at the top of the kale, allowing it to trickle down into the packing. If, for any reason, it is impossible to plant soon after the ship- ment is received from the nursery, the material should be ‘“‘heeled- .’ Heeling-in is a temporary planting. Select a protected location in good soil and dig a trench twelve or eighteen inches deep, depend- ing upon the root system. One side of the trench should be at an angle of 30 to 45 degrees. Where the plants are to be heeled-in for only a few days it is not necessary to open the bundles; ordinarily, however, it is best to do so. Place the roots in the trench letting the stems of the plants rest against the gentler slope and cover the roots with earth, packing in so that all parts of the roots are in contact with the soil. Where the plants are small a double layer may be placed in the same trench; where several varieties are being heeled- in be sure to keep them separate. An easy way to do this is to alter- nate the direction in which the stems protrude from the trench. If possible, it is well to water at the time of heeling-in in order to wash in the earth around the roots and fill up any air space that may be there. It is not advisable to leave plants heeled-in longer than neces- sary, but if carefully done the plants should keep in good shape in- definitely. Planting Nursery Stock Different classes of plants require different treatment in plant- ing. There are certain principles, however, that should be observed with all plants. When a shrub or tree is dug up from the nursery row it loses a great number of its feeding roots. These are the little hairlike roots without which no plant can grow, and in determining, therefore, the strength of the root system of a plant one should ob- serve the number of these fiber roots and not especially the larger stubs. The top part of the piant should be pruned back to correspond to the root system, except in the case of evergreens which are seldom pruned. In pruning back the top of a tree or shrub attention should be paid to the ultimate form it is desired to have the plant assume. Any crotches in a shade or street tree should be cut out and the tree trained to a single leader. This will eliminate much of the danger of future injury to the tree by the wind. It is often advisable to leave a few branches along the trunk to shade it from the sun. These low branches should be removed as the tree grows. Two methods are used in pruning shrubs: One is thinning-out the branches where they are injured or too numerous, the other is heading-back. The former method produces tall growth, while the latter increases the stockiness of the plants giving less height. The method to be used depends upon the variety and characteristics of the plant itself. Because of the variation in climatic conditions in different parts of the State of Washington it is difficult to give detailed directions for the planting and care of shrubs and trees. On the east side of the Cascade Mountains it is advisable to spade up the entire shrubbery bed. Where this is not done the holes in which the plants are placed should be more than large enough to admit the roots without crowd- ing or bending them out of the position they naturally assume. The plants should be set slightly deeper than they were in the nursery. The chief essential in planting is to have every part of the root system in contact with the soil. This requires that the soil be fine and care be taken in compacting it around the roots. Haste in fill- ing in the soil makes waste in planting. The addition of water at the time of planting aids in settling the earth around the roots. It is usually best to cultivate newly planted nursery stock until it is well established; where subject to drought cultivation may be 5 necessary for a number of years. It is better to water thoroughly and infrequently than to give too numerous and superficial water- ings. However, it is well to water several timnes during the dry season. Where the top of the plant is heavy enough to catch the wind, brace or stake the plants. In order to prevent chafing use a piece of rubber hose or burlap instead of rope or wire where the tie comes in contact with the bark. Native plants like these may be transplanted to adorn the home grounds. 6 NATIVE PLANTS OF WASHINGTON VALUABLE AS ORNAMENTALS Shrubs Arrowwood Elderberry Pyramidal Spiraea Oregon Grape Nine Bark Creeping Oregon Grape Douglas Spiraea Corymbose Spiraea Ocean Spray Meadow Sweet *Scotch Broom Red Osier Yellow Currant *Red Currant Shrub Dogwood Snowbkerry Honeysuckle Kinnikinnick Mock Orange (Syringa) *Rhododendron Wild Roses Salmon Berry Evergreen Huckle- Sumac berry Willow Huckleberry *Salal Sticky Laurel *Mountain Laurel Squaw Mat Trailing Snowberry *Flowering Cranberry Huonymous St. Johnswort Trees Alder Aspen Birch Cascara June Berry Hawthorn Hazel Nut *Tree Dogwood *Madrone Oak *Oregon Maple *Vine Maple Willow Beech Juniper Pines in var. Firsin -var: Spruce in var. *“Thuya (Cedar) Chamaecyparus *Yew (Cedar ) Hackberry Tamarac Vines Bittersweet Clematis in var. Honeysuckle Hlowers (Mostly Perennial) Alum Root Fritillaria Hellebore Foxglove Columbine Iris in var: Hyacinth Goldenrod Harebell Dogtooth Violet Larkspur in var. Lily in var. Coral Root Violets in var. Trillium Lupines in var. Tway Blade Lady’s Slipper Hypericum Phlox Perennial Pea Mission Bells Wintergreen Wallflower Daisy Gaillardia Poppy Solomon’s Seal Camas Sunflower Nightshade Ferns Paeony (*) before the name of a plant indicates it is found only on the west side of the ascades. All of these plants will not be found in one locality, many are found only in the mountains. There are, however, enough growing in any part of the state, except in a few of the lower valley districts, to make possible an ornamental planting without the addition of exotics. In such districts, it would be necessary to make a trip to the foothills to obtain the plants, + $ ape CONIAMhwWNMH VARIETIES OF TREES FOR WASHINGTON Explanation of Characteristics: West side of Cascade Mts. only 4. . Ornamental flowers . Fall coloration of leaves . Botanical Name . Quercus palustris Quercus rubra . Acer platanoides . Acer rubrum . Acer pseudoplatinus . Tillia americana Platinus occidentalis . Ulmus americana Celtis occidentalis . Catalpa in variety . Populus in variety . Cottonwood, ete. . Acer negundo . Acer saccharinum . Robinia pseudacacia . Quercus prinus . Quercus pedunculata . Quercus coccinia . Quercus nigrum . Acer campestris . Acer platanoides . Acer pseudoplatinus . Acer saccharinum . Acer saccharum . Hleagnus angustifolia . Hiecoria ovata . Castania dentata . Cladrastis tinctoria . Gledetsia triacanthos . Acer macrophyllum . Aralia chinensis . Liquidambar styraciflua Sweet Gum . Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Tree . Sassafras officinalis . Taxodium distichum Colored bark Some danger from insects ey 6. Colored foliage fe Colored berries or fruit Street Trees Common Name Pin Oak Red Oak Norway Maple Red Maple Sycamore Maple Linden Sycamore Hlm Hackberry Avoid Catalpa Poplar Cottonwood Box Elder Soft or Silver Maple Black Locust Shade Trees Chestnut Oak English Oak Searlet Oak Black Oak English Maple Norway Maple Sycamore Maple Silver Maple Sugar Maple Russian Olive Hickory Chestnut Yellowwood Honey Locust Oregon Maple Angelica Tree Sassafras Bald cypress 8 Characteristic 10 > or bo who co tO bo bo bo io) “ ke ed ee ee DD Lawn Trees (Purely Ornamental) 36. Acer tatarica 37. Betula alba 38. Betula lutea 39. Betula populifolia 40. Cerasus avium fl. pl. 41. Cercis canadensis 42. Crataegus in variety 43..Pyrus ioensis betchel 44. Prunus pissardi 45. Sorbus aucuparia 46. Syringa japonica 47. Magnolia macrophylla A. Windbreaks 48. Junperus virginiana 49. Picea excelsa 50. Thuya occidentalis B. Ornamental 51. Abies concolor 52. Abies firma 58. Cedrus atlantica 54. Chamaecyparis law- soniana 55. Cryptomaria japonica 56. Picea pungens glauca 57. Pinus sylvestris 58. Pinus pungens 59. Pinus strobus 60. Pseudotsuga douglasi 61. Thuya gigantea 62. Tsuga hookeriana C. Broad-leaved Evergreens 63. Ilex aquifolium 64. Magnolia grandifolia 65. Arbutus menzezii 66. Quercus virens Tartarian Maple White Birch Yellow Birch Native Birch Double flowering Cherry Red Bud Hawthorn Double Flowering Crab Purple Plum Mountain Ash Tree Lilac Magnolia Hvergreen Trees Red Cedar Norway Spruce, any spruce Arborvitae Silver Fir Japanese Cedar Mt. Atlas Cedar Lawson Cypress Japanese cedar Colorado Blue Spruce Scotch Pine Table Mt. Pine White Pine Douglas Fir Western Arborvitae Hemlock Holly Magnolia Madrone Live Oak bo bo bo bo bd bb DO ee Pe CO me oO eS =~ eo io) ~j ~~ ~~ Co Cw “1 tractive foliage. Color of Flowers: purple; Pi-pink; Br-bronze; CLASSIFIED LIST OF SHRUBS FOR WASHINGTON Explanation of Characteristics I. West side of Cascade Mts. only. 2. Colored fruits or berries. . Colored bark. 4. Blooms several months. 5. Evergreen. 6. At- No. Botanical Name Bloom in Early Spring . Benzoin odoriferum 2. Daphne cneorum 3. Daphne mezereum . Forsythia suspensa . Lonicera fragrantiss- ima . Spiraea thunbergia . Tamarix parviflora . Genista andreana . Acer palmatum in var. . Daphne odora SHrics calluna in var. . Pieris floribunda . Camelia japonica . Viburnum tinus Bloom in Late Spring 15. Amelanchier cana- densis . Azalea canadense . Azalea indica . Berberis aquifolium . Caragana arborescens . Caragana frutescens . Cydonia japonicum 2. Cytisus scoparius . EHleagnus longipes . Euonymous europeus . Halesia tetraptera . Hippophae rhamnoides . Kalmia latifolia . Ledum latifolium . Leucothoe calesbaei . Lonicera morrowii . Lonicera tartarica . Prunus amyegdalus - Rhus aromatica . Rhus typhina laciniata 7. Good for trimmed hedges. 8. Subject to oc- casional winter-kill east of Cascade Mts. 9. Will grow in the shade. R-red; O-orange; Y-yellow; B-blue; W-white; Pu- Cr-crimson; V-violet; var-various. Height Charac- Common Name _ in feet Color teristic Spice Bush 8-10 Y 269 sarland Flower %-1 Pi cl Mezereum 3 R 18 Golden Bell 6- 8 Y 39 Fragrant Bush Honeysuckle 6 Pi 8 rhunberg’s spiraea 3- 4 W 68 Tamarisk 8-10 Pi 679 Andreana 42 ae 134 Japanese Dwarf Maple 5-15 16 Daphne 3- 4. PI 155 Heather Heath 1-. 2 157 Andromeda 2= <3 WV 1456 Japanese Camelia 10-12 W-R 156 Laurustinus 10-12 Pi 10 Service Berry 10-15 W 2 Rhodora 3~- 42380 sk Azalea 2- 3 “Rea 1 Oregon Grape 4~25 ae 2579 Siberian Péa Tree 2-255) Siberian Pea Bush 3- 4 Y Japanese Quince 5- 6 W-R Scotch Broom 4 Y-W 3478 Oleaster 6 YS 26 Spindle Tree 12 Ne 26 Silver Bell 10 W Sea Buckthorn 8-10 7X Z2o0d Mt. Laurel 4-5 Rae 159 Labrador Tea 1- 2 W 159 Andromeda 3- 4 W 15 Bush Honeysuckle 6 W 29 Tartarian Bush 6- 8 Pi 29 Honeysukle Flowering Almond 4- 5 Pi Aromatic Sumac 3- 458M 2369 Cut-leaved Sumac a's 69 10 Masscd trees and shrubs are mere beautiful than isolated specimens. Lt . Ribes alpinum . Ribes sanguineum . Spiraea van houtte . Spiraea prunifolium . Syringa chinensis . syringa vulgaris in var. '. Rhodendron occident- alis . Berberis darwinii . Prunus laurocerasus . Prunus lucitanica . Lonicera nitida Bloom in Early Summer 46. . Berberis darwinii . Buddleia variabilis . Cornus alba . Cornus circinata Berberis thunbergia . Cornus candidissima Cotoneaster simonsi . Deutzia crenata . Deutzia gracilis Diervilla florida . Euonymous alatus . [lex opaca . Keria japonica . Laburnum vulgaris . Ligustrum ibota . Ligustrum californicum Lobelia grandiflora . Philadelphus aureus . Philadelphus lemoninii . Pieris floribunda . Rhamnus dahurica . Rhus cotinus . Rhobinia hispida . Rosa rugosa . Syringa josikaea . Syringa japonica . Viburnum cassinoides . Viburnum tomentosum . Viburnum Plicatum Mt. Currant Red Currant Van Houtte’s Spiraea Bridal Wreath Chinese Lilac Common Lilac Southern Oregon Azalea Darwin’s Barberry English Laurel Portugese Laurel Dwarf Bush Honeysuckle Japanese Barberry Darwin’s Barberry Summer Lilac Red Osier Round-leaved Dog- wood White fruited Dog- wood Cotoneaster Deutzia Dwarf Deutzia Weigelia Burning Bush Holly Globe Flower Golden Chain Japanese Privet California Privet Lobelia Golden-leaved Mock Orange Dwarf Mock Orange Lily of the Valley Shrub Laurel-leaved Buckthorn Smoke-bush Rose Acacia Japan Rose Chinanthus leaved lilac Tree Lilac White Rod Silver-leaved Viburnum Japan Snowball 12 3 ‘Ya 5== Guat Bas0 Wi 5- 6 W 6- 8 R 6- 8 var. 5- 7 Pi-W 2- 3.) O=Y 6-10 W 6-10 W 2- 3 W 3- 4 py; 3- 4° ¥ $= 5 SE 8 Nig f W 6 W 4 W 6 Pi-W 2= 3 2 Wi 5- 6 W-R 6 O 8 yi Am. 6 NG 10-12 Y 5- 6 W 5- 6 W Py al 5- 6 “W 4- 5 W PS ONY 6= 8 ow 8-107 wi 4- 6 Pi 6 Var. 8-10 V 15-25 W 6- 8 W 8 W 5- 6 W 29 69 75. Ceanothus hybrida 76. Cotoneaster in var. 77. Aucuba japonica 78. Abelia grandiflora 79. Sorbaria sorbifolia 80. Callicarpa purpurea 81. Calycanthus floridus 82. Cotoneaster microphyla 83. Hibiscus syriacus 84. Hydrangea arborescens 85. Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora 86. Hypericum densi- florium 87. Rhododendrons in Var. 88. Sambucus aurea 89. Sambucus laciniata 90. Spiraea bumalda anthony waterer 91. Spiraea douglasii 92. Spiraea fortunei 93. Symphoricarpus race- mosus 94. Stephenandra flexuosa 95. Viburnum nudum 96. Viburnum opulus 97. Viburnum opulus ster- ilis 98. Buxus sempervirens 99. Viburnum rhitidophyll- um 100. Potentilla. veitchii Bloom in Fall 101. Caryopteris masican- thus 102. Hamameis virginiana Mountain lilac Cotoneaster Aucuba Abelia Ash-leaved Spiraea Callicarpa Allspice Evergreen Coton- easter Althaea Hydrangea Large-leaved Hydrangea St. Johnswort Rhododendron Golden Elder Cut- leaved Elder Anthony Waterer Spiraea Native Spiraea Fortune’s Spiraea snowberry stephenandra Viburnum Flowering Cran- berry Snowball Boxwood Evergreen Vibur- num Cinquefoil Blue Spiraea Witch Hazel 5- Me Pees = Rie ow PW TID & ts US te 4 ads dds Vines make the house seem a part of its surroundings. VINES FOR WASHINGTON Explanation of Characteristics 1. Annual.” 2. Perennial. 3. Not always hardy easteemieug. Cascade Mts. 4. Evergreen. 5. Showy flowers. 6. Ornamental fruit. 7. Fall coloration of leaves. 8. Clings to brick, stone or wood. 9. Fast growing. 10. Dies to ground each winter. 11. Tender perennial roots dug up in fall. Colors of flowers: R-red; O- orange; Y-yellow; B-blue; W-white; Pu-purple; Pi-pink; Cr-cream;: Cri-crimson; cho-chocolate; Br-brown; var-various. Month Color Charac- No. Botanical Name Common Name Bloom teristic 1. Actinidia polygama Silver Vine July Cr 2569 2. Akebia quinata Akebia May Pu. 23568 3. Ampelopsis quinquifolia Virginia Creeper 2678 4. ae tricuspidata Boston Ivy 278 5. Artistolochia macro- Dutchman’s Pipe June Pu. 2 phylia . 6. Boussingaultia bassel- Maderia Vine Aug. W. Let loides 14 7. Cardiospermum hali- cacabum &. Celastris scandens 9. Clematis panniculata LO: ee montana ea oF Jackmanii Ue ie Henryii 13. a orientalis 14. Dolichos lablab 15. Euonymous radicans 16. Hedera helix 17. Humulus japonica 18. Ipomaea quamoclit 19. ue purpurea 20. ie bona-nox 21. Jasminum officinalis Za ee nudiflorum 23. Lonicera Japonica Halleana 24. Lycium vulgare 25. Passiflora coerulea 26. Perifloca graeca 27. Polygonum baldschuni- cum 28. Pueraria thunbergiana 29. Rosa wichuraiana hy- brids 30. Solanum dulemara 31. Schizophrognia hy- drangeoides 32. Tecoma radicans 33. Vitis coignettiae 34. Wistaria chinensis 35. Wistaria chinensis alba 36. Wisteria Multijuga Balloon Vine July Bittersweet July Star Clematis Sept. Large flowered June- Clematis Purple Clematis June- Sept. Henry’s Clematis Aug. Chinese Clematis June- Sept. Hyacinth bean June-Aug. Climbing Euonymous June-July English Ivy Japanese Hop Cypress Vine June-Oct. Morning Glory July-Sept. Moon Flower Aug.-Sept. Jessamine July-Aug. Jessamine June-July Japanese Honeysuckle July Matrimony Vine June Passion Vine July Silk Vine July-Aug. May-Oct. Kudzu Vine Aug. Memorial Rose June- Sept. Woody Night Shade Jul. Climbing hydrangea Jul. Trumpet Vine July Crimson Grape Wistaria May-June Wistaria May Japanese Wistria May W. 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